composition

Abstract

This composition contains: trifluoroethylene or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene; difluoromethane; propane; and 1,1-difluoroethane. The composition has a global warming potential of at most 150, and a heat of combustion of at most 28.000 MJ / kg.

Description

composition

[0001] This disclosure relates to compositions.

[0002] Traditionally, working fluids used in thermal cycles, such as refrigerants for refrigeration and freezing equipment, refrigerants for air conditioning equipment, working fluids for heating and hot water supply equipment, working fluids for power generation systems (waste heat recovery power generation, etc.), working fluids for latent heat transport devices (heat pipes, etc.), and working fluids for secondary cooling fluids, have been criticized for their impact on the stratospheric ozone layer and global warming. For example, R404A, R410A, R407C, and difluoromethane (R32), which are used in cooling systems, have high global warming potentials (GWP), and alternatives are being considered.

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a refrigerant comprising a first component, a second component, a third component, and a fourth component, wherein the first component is trifluoroiodomethane, the second component is 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, the third component is propane, and the fourth component is at least one of 1,1-difluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

[0004] Chinese Patent No. 115612452 Specification

[0005] The object of one embodiment of this disclosure is to provide a composition that has a low global warming potential and a low heat output.

[0006] This disclosure includes the following aspects: <1> A composition comprising trifluoroethylene or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the global warming potential is 150 or less and the heat of combustion is 28,000 MJ / kg or less. <2> The composition according to <1>, wherein the total content of trifluoroethylene or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 90.0% by mass or more of the total amount of the composition. <3> Contains trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 40.0% by mass. The composition according to <1> or <2>, wherein B is the mass % of the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, C is the mass % of the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and D is the mass % of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121... (1) <4> A composition according to any one of <1> to <3>, comprising trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the heat of combustion is 19,000 MJ / kg or less.<5> Contains trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 20.0% by mass. When the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is A by mass%, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is B by mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is C by mass%, and the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is D by mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0% by mass or more and less than 14.0% by mass, then A is between 25.0 and 80.0. The composition according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 14.0% by mass or more and less than 16.0% by mass, A and C satisfy the following formula (2), and when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 16.0 to 20.0% by mass, A, B, and C satisfy the following formula (3).2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) -1.194724 × B + (5.287686 × C - 43) ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (3) <6> Contains trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 20.0% by mass, When the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is A by mass%, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is B by mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is C by mass%, and the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is D by mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0% by mass or more and less than 14.0% by mass, then A is between 25.0 and 80.0. The composition according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 14.0 to 20.0% by mass, A and C satisfy the following formula (2).2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) <7> A composition according to any one of <1> to <6>, comprising trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the propane content is 50% by mass or more relative to the total content of propane and 1,1-difluoroethane. <8> Contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the trans-1,2-difluoroethylene content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the difluoromethane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the propane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 40.0% by mass. The composition according to <1> or <2>, wherein when E is the mass % of the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, F is the mass % of the propane, and G is the mass % of the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4). 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121... (4) <9> The composition according to <1>, <2>, or <8>, comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the heat of combustion is 19,000 MJ / kg or less.<10> Contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the trans-1,2-difluoroethylene content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 80.0% by mass, the difluoromethane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the propane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 10.0% by mass. The composition according to <1>, <2>, <8>, or <9>, wherein E is the mass % of the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, F is the mass % of the content of propane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and G is the mass % of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4). 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121... (4) <11> The composition according to <1>, <2>, <8>, <9>, or <10>, comprising trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the propane content is 50% by mass or more relative to the total content of propane and 1,1-difluoroethane.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composition is provided that has a low global warming potential and a low heat of combustion.

[0008] This is a schematic diagram showing an example of a refrigeration cycle system. This is a cycle diagram illustrating the state changes of the working fluid in the refrigeration cycle system on a pressure-enthalpy diagram.

[0009] In this disclosure, numerical ranges indicated using "~" mean a range that includes the numerical values ​​before and after "~" as the minimum and maximum values, respectively. In numerical ranges described in stages in this disclosure, the upper or lower limit stated in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit of another numerical range described in stages. Also, in numerical ranges described in this disclosure, the upper or lower limit stated in one numerical range may be replaced with the values ​​shown in the examples. In this disclosure, a combination of two or more preferred embodiments is a more preferred embodiment. In this disclosure, the amount of each component means the total amount of multiple substances if there are multiple substances corresponding to each component, unless otherwise specified. In this disclosure, pressure refers to absolute pressure and is 0.101 MPa at atmospheric pressure. In this disclosure, saturated vapor pressure means the pressure of saturated vapor and refers to the pressure at the intersection of the isotherm and the saturated vapor line in the pressure-enthalpy diagram. In this disclosure, saturated liquid pressure means the pressure of saturated liquid and refers to the pressure at the intersection of the isotherm and the saturated liquid line in the pressure-enthalpy diagram.

[0010] [Composition] The composition of the present disclosure comprises trifluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as "HFO-1123") or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as "HFO-1132(E)"), difluoromethane (hereinafter also referred to as "HFC-32"), propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane (hereinafter also referred to as "HFC-152a"), and has a global warming potential (GWP) of 150 or less and a combustion heat of 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0011] Conventionally, systems for achieving cooling or heating in air conditioning, heating / hot water supply, and refrigeration / freezing equipment have used R404A, R410A, R407C, difluoromethane (R32), etc. However, due to their high GWP (Gross Water Output), alternatives are needed.

[0012] HFO-1123 has a low GWP, but its combustion classification is equivalent to 2L in ASHRAE Standard 34, and its boiling point is relatively low at -61.239°C. Therefore, when using HFO-1123 alone, it becomes necessary to change the pressure resistance design of conventionally used equipment. HFO-1132(E) has a low GWP and a boiling point of -52.933°C, which is close to the boiling point of existing refrigerants, but its combustion classification is 2 in ASHRAE Standard 34. Therefore, it becomes necessary to change the safety design of conventionally used equipment. HFC-32 has a combustion classification of 2L in ASHRAE Standard 34, and its boiling point is relatively low at -51.651°C, but its GWP is relatively high at 675. Therefore, it is preferable to use HFC-32 as a mixed refrigerant rather than using it alone. Propane has a low GWP and a boiling point of -42.114°C, which is close to the boiling points of existing refrigerants, but its combustion classification is 3 according to the ASHRAE standard 34. Therefore, when using propane alone, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of refrigerant used or to modify the safety design of conventionally used equipment. HFC-152a has a relatively low GWP, but its combustion classification is 2 according to the ASHRAE standard 34, and its boiling point is relatively high at -24.022°C. Therefore, when using HFC-152a alone, the low-pressure side of the equipment will fall below its boiling point in operating environments that require operation at low evaporation temperatures. This negative pressure operation can reduce refrigerant intake to the compressor, potentially decreasing performance and equipment reliability.

[0013] Table 1 lists the boiling point, GWP, combustion classification according to ASHRAE standard 34, and heat of combustion for HFO-1123, HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a. In Table 1, "N.D." indicates that the information is not listed in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). In this disclosure, the GWP for HFO-1132(E) is calculated as 1. The GWP for HFO-1123 is the value listed in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

[0014]

[0015] In response to this, the inventors have found that by combining HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a, a composition can be obtained in which the GWP is 150 or less and the heat of combustion is 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0016] Patent Document 1 does not describe a composition containing HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a.

[0017] The compositions of this disclosure include HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a. From the viewpoint of reducing the possibility of affecting GWP, it is preferable that the content of components other than HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a be small. From the above viewpoint, the total content of HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a is preferably 90.0% by mass or more, more preferably 95.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99.0% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the composition. The upper limit of the total content of HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a is not particularly limited and may be 100% by mass.

[0018] In the compositions of this disclosure, the content of HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a is adjusted as appropriate.

[0019] In the compositions of this disclosure, the propane content is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 55% by mass or more, relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a. When the propane content is 50% by mass or more relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a, the volume capacity improves, the discharge temperature decreases, the evaporation pressure increases, and the compression ratio tends to decrease. The upper limit of the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 96% by mass.

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the composition will be described in detail below.

[0021] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment of the composition of the present disclosure preferably contains HFO-1123, HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a. In the first embodiment, the content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content of HFO-1123, propane, HFC-32, and HFC-152a (hereinafter also referred to as "total content A") is 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the content of HFC-32 relative to total content A is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, the content of propane relative to total content A is 2.0 to 40.0% by mass, and when the content of HFC-32 relative to total content A is B% by mass, the content of propane relative to total content A is C% by mass, and the content of HFC-152a relative to total content A is D% by mass, it is preferable that B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1)

[0022] The content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is preferably 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, and is appropriately adjusted according to the content of HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a. The content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is more preferably 85.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 80.0% by mass or less. The content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is more preferably 40.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50.0% by mass or more.

[0023] When the HFC-32 content relative to the total content A is 5.0% by mass or more, the heat of combustion may be 28,000 MJ / kg or less. When the HFC-32 content relative to the total content A is 21.0% by mass or less, the GWP may be 150 or less. From the above viewpoint, the HFC-32 content relative to the total content A is more preferably 15.0 to 21.0% by mass.

[0024] When the propane content relative to the total content A is 40.0% by mass or less, the combustion calorific value can be 28,000 MJ / kg or less. From the viewpoint of further reducing the combustion calorific value, the propane content relative to the total content A is more preferably 30.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20.0% by mass or less. When the propane content relative to the total content A is 20.0% by mass or less, the combustion calorific value can be 19,000 MJ / kg or less. The propane content relative to the total content A is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, more preferably 5.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 10.0% by mass or more.

[0025] When the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is not more than the right side value of the formula (1), the GWP can be 150 or less. The content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 5.0% by mass or more.

[0026] In the first aspect, the combustion calorific value is preferably 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0027] Specifically, in the first aspect, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 to 20.0% by mass, the content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is A% by mass, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is B% by mass, the content of propane relative to the total content A is C% by mass, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is D% by mass. When B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0% by mass or more and less than 14.0% by mass, A is 25.0 to 80.0. When the content of propane relative to the total content A is 14.0% by mass or more and less than 16.0% by mass, A and C satisfy the following formula (2). When the content of propane relative to the total content A is 16.0 to 20.0% by mass, it is preferable that A, B, and C satisfy the following formula (3). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675×B + (-0.016260×C) + 121… (1) 5.287690×C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) -1.194724×B + (5.287686×C - 43) ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (3)

[0028] When the contents of HFO-1123, HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a are within the above ranges, the combustion calorific value can be 19.000 MJ / kg or less.

[0029] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, when the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 to 20.0 mass%, the content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is A mass%, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is B mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is C mass%, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is D mass%, it is preferable that B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 mass% or more and less than 14.0 mass%, A is 25.0 to 80.0, and when the content of propane relative to the total content A is 14.0 to 20.0 mass%, it is preferable that A and C satisfy the following formula (2). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2)

[0030] As the content of HFO-1123, HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a falls within the above range, the calorific value of combustion can be 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0031] In the first embodiment, the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 55% by mass or more. When the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is 50% by mass or more, the volumetric capacity improves, the discharge temperature decreases, the evaporation pressure increases, and the compression ratio tends to decrease. The upper limit of the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 96% by mass.

[0032] <Second Embodiment> A second embodiment of the composition of the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a.

[0033] In the second embodiment, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a (hereinafter also referred to as "total content B") is preferably 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the content of HFC-32 relative to total content B is preferably 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, the content of propane relative to total content B is preferably 2.0 to 40.0% by mass, and when the content of HFC-32 relative to total content B is preferably E by mass, the content of propane relative to total content B is preferably F by mass, and the content of HFC-152a relative to total content B is preferably G by mass, E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4): 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121… (4)

[0034] The content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content B is 25.0% by mass or more, which can result in a combustion heat of 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0035] The content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content B is preferably 90.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 80.0% by mass or less.

[0036] When the HFC-32 content relative to the total content B is 5.0% by mass or more, the heat of combustion may be 28,000 MJ / kg or less. When the HFC-32 content relative to the total content B is 21.0% by mass or less, the GWP may be 150 or less. From the above viewpoint, the HFC-32 content relative to the total content B is more preferably 15.0 to 21.0% by mass.

[0037] When the propane content relative to the total content B is 40.0% by mass or less, the heat of combustion can be 28,000 MJ / kg or less. From the viewpoint of further reducing the heat of combustion, the propane content relative to the total content B is more preferably 30.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20.0% by mass or less. The propane content relative to the total content B is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, more preferably 4.0% by mass or more, and even more preferably 6.0% by mass or more.

[0038] The GWP can be 150 or less if the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content B is less than or equal to the right-hand side value of formula (4). The content of HFC-152a relative to the total content B is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 5.0% by mass or more.

[0039] In the second embodiment, the heat of combustion is preferably 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0040] Specifically, in the second embodiment, the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content B is 25.0 to 80.0% by mass, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, the content of propane relative to the total content B is 2.0 to 10.0% by mass, and when the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is E by mass, the content of propane relative to the total content B is F by mass, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content B is G by mass, it is preferable that E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4): 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121… (4)

[0041] As the content of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a falls within the above range, the calorific value of combustion can be 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0042] In the second embodiment, the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 55% by mass or more. When the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is 50% by mass or more, the volume capacity tends to improve and the evaporation pressure tends to increase. The upper limit of the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 96% by mass.

[0043] In the second embodiment, a small amount of HFO-1123 may be present. Specifically, in the second embodiment, if HFO-1123 is present, the HFO-1123 content is preferably 9000 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 5000 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 1000 ppm by mass or less.

[0044] (Other Components) The compositions of this disclosure may or may not contain components other than HFO-1123 or HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a. Examples of other components include hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) other than HFO-1123 and HFO-1132(E), hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFO), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), chlorofluoroolefins (CFO), other halogenated compounds, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, etc. There may be only one other component or two or more.

[0045] Examples of HFOs include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a), (Z)-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)), 2-fluoropropene (HFO-1261yf), 1,2-difluoropropene (HFO-1252ye), 3,3-difluoropropene (HFO-1252zf), 1,1,2-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243yc), 1,2,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243ye), 1,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243ze), 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yc), (Z)-1 Examples include 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234zc), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (HFO-1336mzz(Z)), and (E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (HFO-1336mzz(E)).

[0046] HCFOs include (E)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd(E)), (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd(Z)), 2-chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224xc), 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224xe), and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (HCFO- Examples include 1122), 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (HCFO-1122a), (E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd(E)), (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), 2-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xc), and 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf).

[0047] Examples of HFCs include pentafluoropropanes such as fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa); hexafluoropropanes such as 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); pentafluorobutanes such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); and heptafluorocyclopentanes such as 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (HFC-c447ef).

[0048] Examples of chlorofluoroolefins (CFOs) include 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214ya), 1,3-dichloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214yb), and 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (CFO-1112).

[0049] Other halogenated compounds include monoiodomethane (CH₃).３ I), iodomethane (CH ２ I ２ ), dibromomethane (CH ２ Br ２ ), bromomethane (CH ３ Br), dichloromethane (CH ２ Cl ２ ), chloroiodomethane (CH ２ ClI), dibromochloromethane (CHBr ２ Cl), carbon tetraiodide (CI ４ ), carbon tetrabromide (CBr ４ ), bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl ３ ), dibromodichloromethane (CBr ２ Cl ２ ), tribromofluoromethane (CBr ３ F), fluorodiiodomethane (CHFI ２ ), fluoroiodomethane (CH ２ FI), difluoroiodomethane (CHF ２ I), trifluoroiodomethane (CF ３ I), difluorodiiodomethane (CF ２ I ２ ), dibromodifluoromethane (CBr ２ F ２ ), 1,1,1-trifluoroiodoethane (CF ３ CH ２ [[ID=5l]]I), monoiodoethane (CH ３ CH ２ I), 1,1,1-triiodoethane (CH ３ CI ３ ), etc. iodine and bromine-containing compounds are exemplified.

[0050] Hydrocarbons include cyclopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, and isopentane.

[0051] When the composition of the present disclosure contains iodine compounds such as fluoroiodomethane, difluoroiodomethane, trifluoroiodomethane, etc., the content of the iodine compound is preferably 5.0% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1.0% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the composition.

[0052] The water content in the composition of this disclosure is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less, and more preferably 15 ppm by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition, as measured by Karl Fischer coulometric titration. When the water content is 20 ppm by mass or less, freezing in capillary tubes, which are an example of a vacuum device in a thermal cycle system, hydrolysis of the working fluid and refrigerant oil, material degradation due to acidic components generated in the device, and generation of contaminants are suppressed.

[0053] The air content of the gas phase portion of the composition of this disclosure at 25°C is preferably less than 15,000 volume ppm, and more preferably 8,000 volume ppm or less, as measured by a gas chromatograph. When the air content is less than 15,000 volume ppm, poor heat transfer in the condenser and evaporator, as well as an increase in operating pressure, are suppressed. In particular, the reaction of oxygen in the air with the working medium or refrigerant oil and subsequent decomposition is suppressed.

[0054] The compositions of this disclosure may contain unavoidable components such as impurities produced as by-products during manufacturing and solvents used during manufacturing. From the viewpoint of ensuring stability, the total content of these unavoidable components is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition. From the viewpoint of simplifying the purification process in the manufacture of the composition, the total content of unavoidable components may be 50.0 ppm by mass or more, or 100.0 ppm by mass or more.

[0055] Inevitable components include hydrogen fluoride, methane, chloromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31), dichlorotrifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a), 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), and 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCF C-124a), chlorotrifluoroethane (HCFC-133), 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133a), 1-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133b), 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), trifluoromethane (HFC-23), fluoromethane (HFC-41), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetra Fluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a), (Z)-1,2-difluoroethylene Oroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)), fluoroethylene (HFO-1141), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc), (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), (Z)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(Z)), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 3,3-difluoropropene (HFO-1252zf), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene (HCFO-1122), (E)-1-chloro-1,Examples include 2-difluoroethylene, (Z)-1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethylene, (E)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene (HCFO-1131(E)), (Z)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene (HCFO-1131(Z)), (E)-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (CFO-1112(E)), (Z)-1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (CFO-1112(Z)), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFO-1113), tetrafluoroethylene (FO-1114), hexafluoropropene (FO-1216), and perfluorocyclobutane.

[0056] The compositions of this disclosure may contain refrigeration oil. Conventional refrigeration oils used in compositions for thermal cycle systems can be used as the refrigeration oil. Specifically, examples of refrigeration oils include oxygen-containing synthetic oils (ester-based refrigeration oils, ether-based refrigeration oils, etc.), fluorinated refrigeration oils, mineral-based refrigeration oils, and hydrocarbon-based synthetic oils.

[0057] Examples of ester-based refrigeration oils include dibasic acid ester oils, polyol ester oils, complex ester oils, and polyol carbonate ester oils.

[0058] As the dibasic acid ester oil, esters of dibasic acids having 5 to 10 carbon atoms (such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acid) and monohydric alcohols having 1 to 15 carbon atoms having a linear or branched alkyl group (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, and pentadecanol) are preferred. The dibasic acid ester oil is preferably ditridecyl glutarate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipic acid, diisodecyl adipic acid, ditridecyl adipic acid, or di(3-ethylhexyl) sebacate.

[0059] Preferably, the polyol ester oil is an ester of a diol (ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,5-pentadiol, neopentyl glycol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, etc.) or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups (trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, glycerin, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol-glycerin condensate, etc.) and a fatty acid having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (linear or branched fatty acids such as hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, oleic acid, or so-called neoacids where the α-carbon atom is quaternary). These polyol ester oils may also have free hydroxyl groups.

[0060] The polyol ester oil is preferably an ester of a hindered alcohol (such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, or pentaerythritol), and more preferably trimethylolpropane triperargonate, pentaerythritol 2-ethylhexanoate, or pentaerythritol tetraperargonate.

[0061] Complex ester oils are esters of fatty acids and dibasic acids with monohydric alcohols and polyols. The fatty acids, dibasic acids, monohydric alcohols, and polyols can be those as described above.

[0062] Polyol carbonate ester oil is an ester of carbonic acid and a polyol. Examples of polyols include diols and polyols as described above. Furthermore, polyol carbonate ester oil may also be a ring-opening polymer of a cyclic alkylene carbonate.

[0063] Examples of ether-based refrigeration oils include polyvinyl ether oil and polyoxyalkylene oil.

[0064] Examples of polyvinyl ether oils include polymers obtained by polymerizing vinyl ether monomers such as alkyl vinyl ethers, and copolymers obtained by copolymerizing vinyl ether monomers with hydrocarbon monomers having olefinic double bonds. One type of vinyl ether monomer may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0065] Examples of hydrocarbon monomers having an olefinic double bond include ethylene, propylene, various butenes, various pentenes, various hexenes, various heptenes, various octenes, diisobutylene, triisobutylene, styrene, α-methylstyrene, and various alkyl-substituted styrenes. A single hydrocarbon monomer having an olefinic double bond may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0066] The polyvinyl ether copolymer may be either a block copolymer or a random copolymer. The polyvinyl ether oil may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0067] Examples of polyoxyalkylene oils include polyoxyalkylene monools, polyoxyalkylene polyols; alkyl ethers of polyoxyalkylene monools or polyoxyalkylene polyols; and esters of polyoxyalkylene monools or polyoxyalkylene polyols.

[0068] Polyoxyalkylene monools and polyoxyalkylene polyols can be produced, for example, by ring-opening addition polymerization of a C2-C4 alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) in the presence of a catalyst such as alkali hydroxide, water, and an initiator such as a hydroxyl group-containing compound. Furthermore, the oxyalkylene units in the polyalkylene chain may be identical within a single molecule, or two or more types of oxyalkylene units may be present. It is preferable that at least oxypropylene units are present in a single molecule.

[0069] Examples of initiators used in the reaction include water; monohydric alcohols such as methanol and butanol; and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and glycerol.

[0070] As the polyoxyalkylene oil, for example, alkyl ethers or esters of polyoxyalkylene monools or polyoxyalkylene polyols are preferred. Furthermore, as the polyoxyalkylene oil, polyalkylene glycol oil is preferred. In particular, alkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols, called polyglycol oils, in which the terminal hydroxyl groups of polyalkylene glycols are capped with alkyl groups such as methyl groups, are preferred.

[0071] Examples of fluorinated refrigeration oils include compounds in which hydrogen atoms of synthetic oils (such as mineral oils, poly-α-olefins, alkylbenzenes, and alkylnaphthalenes, as described later) are replaced with fluorine atoms, fluorinated oils, perfluoropolyether oils, and fluorinated silicone oils.

[0072] Examples of mineral-based refrigeration oils include mineral oils (for example, paraffinic mineral oils and naphthenic mineral oils) obtained by refining a refrigeration oil fraction obtained by atmospheric or vacuum distillation of crude oil, using an appropriate combination of refining processes (solvent delamination, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, clay treatment, etc.).

[0073] Examples of hydrocarbon-based synthetic oils include poly-α-olefins, alkylbenzenes, and alkylnaphthalenes.

[0074] The refrigerant oil contained in the thermal cycle system composition may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0075] In particular, the refrigeration oil preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG), polyol ester oil (POE), polyvinyl ether oil (PVE), silicone oil, fluorine-containing oil, mineral oil, and hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil, and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG), polyol ester oil (POE), and polyvinyl ether oil (PVE).

[0076] The refrigeration oil may further contain antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, defoaming agents, etc.

[0077] The amount of refrigerant oil should be within a range that does not significantly reduce the effects of the present disclosure, preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the composition.

[0078] The compositions of this disclosure may contain stabilizers, polymerization inhibitors, etc., from the viewpoint of storage stability of the compositions.

[0079] The stabilizer is not particularly limited, and any commonly known stabilizer can be appropriately selected.

[0080] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0081] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.

[0082] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

[0083] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0084] The stabilizer may be butylhydroxytoluene, benzotriazole, or the like.

[0085] The stabilizer content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the composition. The stabilizer content is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition.

[0086] The polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and any commonly known polymerization inhibitor can be appropriately selected.

[0087] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, limonene, α-terpinene, and α-tocopherol.

[0088] The polymerization inhibitor content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the composition. The polymerization inhibitor content is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition.

[0089] The compositions of this disclosure are suitable as working media.

[0090] In this disclosure, the term "working medium" refers to a medium that carries heat and is a concept that encompasses refrigerant compositions and heat transfer medium compositions. The refrigerant composition is primarily a medium responsible for cooling a heat source, but may also be used as a medium responsible for heating. Similarly, the heat transfer medium is primarily a medium responsible for heating, but may also be used as a medium responsible for cooling a heat source. The working medium is preferably used for thermal cycling. Specifically, the working medium is preferably used in a thermal cycling system where a series of changes occur, such as a change of state using heat absorption and heat release, and then returning to the initial state.

[0091] The compositions of this disclosure include dichlorodifluoromethane (R12), chlorodifluoromethane (R22), difluoromethane (R32), tetrafluoroethane (R134a), R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, and R430 Suitable as a substitute for A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R466A, R474A, R474B, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf, or (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)).

[0092] In particular, the compositions of the present disclosure are suitable as substitutes for R12, R22, R32, R134a, R404A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R448A, R449A, R454C, R455A, R465A, R466A, R474A, R474B, R1234yf, or R1234ze(E).

[0093] In particular, the compositions of this disclosure are suitable as alternatives to currently widely used R404A, R407C, or R410A.

[0094] <Global Warming Potential (GWP)> In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, GWP is the 100-year value from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The GWP of HFO-1123 is the value stated in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The GWP of HFO-1132(E) is calculated as 1. The GWP of a mixture is a weighted average based on the compositional mass. When considering the GWP of a mixture, components with a GWP of 1 or less are calculated as 1. The GWP of the working medium in this disclosure is 150 or less, and preferably 80 or less.

[0095] <Heat of Combustion> The heat of combustion per unit mass (MJ / kg) is defined by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 34 as an indicator of the flammability of a refrigerant. The heat of combustion is expressed as the difference between the sum of the enthalpies of formation of the products in the combustion reaction equation and the enthalpy of formation of the compounds in the reaction system. Enthalpies of formation are described in chemical handbooks, international standards (see Reference A), and various handbooks. Furthermore, the enthalpy of formation for new compounds can be determined using Benson's group additivity rule (see Reference B) or computational chemistry methods. In addition, the approach to combustion reaction equations for compounds containing halogens is specified in international standards (see References A and C). Reference A: ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34 (2016), Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Reference B: S. Benson, Thermo Chemical Kinetics, 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (1976). Reference C: ISO 817 (2014), Refrigerant: Designation and Safety Classification. In this standard, the heat of combustion is considered positive for exothermic reactions.

[0096] In this disclosure, the heat of combustion of a composition is defined as the value obtained by converting the heat of combustion obtained by stoichiometrically complete combustion of 1 mole of the composition with oxygen to a value of heat of combustion per 1 kg of working fluid, and refers to a theoretical value calculated under the following assumptions: The compounds in the product system and reaction system are assumed to be gases. The combustion products are HF (g) and CO ２ (g), COF ２ (g) and H ２ Let O(g). Also, if nitrogen and iodine are part of the molecular structure of the substance, N will be used as a combustion product. ２ (g) or I ２(g) is added. When determining the heat of combustion of a composition, each compound in the composition is decomposed into the atoms that make up each compound, and a hypothetical substance containing each atom is set up, taking into account the molar ratio in the composition. The heat of combustion is calculated using the combustion reaction equation of that hypothetical substance. Note that C in the following equation ｑ H ｒ F ｓ However, this corresponds to a hypothetical substance. For example, a combustion reaction equation is defined by the relative numbers of H atoms (r) and F atoms (s) in a substance, and the combustion reaction equation used when the number of H atoms (r) ≥ the number of F atoms (s) is as follows.

[0097] On the other hand, the combustion reaction equation used when the number of H atoms (r) < the number of F atoms (s) is the following equation.

[0098]

[0099] The heat of combustion of the composition disclosed herein is 28,000 MJ / kg or less, and preferably 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0100] <Cycle Performance> The cycle performance, which is a property required when applying a composition to a thermal cycle system, can be evaluated by the coefficient of performance (hereinafter also referred to as "COP") and the capacity per unit volume (compressor suction volume) (hereinafter also referred to as "CAP"). If the thermal cycle system is a refrigeration cycle system, the capacity is the refrigeration capacity. COP and CAP can be calculated by the methods described below.

[0101] In this disclosure, the preferred ranges for cycle performance and the discharge temperature, condensation pressure, evaporation pressure, and refrigeration effect shown below are preferred ranges calculated using a refrigeration cycle under the following temperature conditions. In the following description, the preferred ranges for each performance are also preferred ranges when the following temperature conditions are adopted.

[0102] (Conditions) ・Condensation temperature: 40°C (however, in the case of non-azeotropic mixed media, the average temperature of the condensation start temperature and the condensation completion temperature) ・Evaporation temperature: 5°C (however, in the case of non-azeotropic mixed media, the average temperature of the evaporation start temperature and the evaporation completion temperature) ・Superheating degree (SH): 5°C ・Supercooling degree (SC): 5°C ・Compressor efficiency: 0.7

[0103] In this disclosure, evaporation temperature means the temperature at which the working medium absorbs heat and turns into vapor during the evaporation process of a thermal cycle system. In this disclosure, condensation temperature means the temperature at which the vapor of the working medium releases heat and turns into liquid during the condensation process of a thermal cycle system. The evaporation temperature can be determined by measuring the temperature at the evaporator inlet and / or evaporator outlet. For single media and azeotropic mixed media, the evaporation temperature is constant, but for non-azeotropic mixed media, it is the average temperature of the evaporation start temperature and the evaporation completion temperature, so it is calculated as "evaporation temperature = (evaporation start temperature + evaporation completion temperature) / 2". The condensation temperature can be determined by measuring the temperature at the condenser inlet and / or condenser outlet. For single media and azeotropic mixed media, the condensation temperature is constant, but for non-azeotropic mixed media, it is the average temperature of the condensation start temperature and the condensation completion temperature, so it is calculated as "condensation temperature = (condensation start temperature + condensation completion temperature) / 2".

[0104] The COP is preferably 0.900 or higher, more preferably 0.930 or higher, and even more preferably 0.950 or higher, relative to R410A. There is no particular upper limit to the COP, and a higher COP is preferable.

[0105] The CAP ratio is preferably 0.550 or higher, more preferably 0.600 or higher, and even more preferably 0.700 or higher, relative to R410A. There is no particular upper limit to the CAP ratio, and a higher CAP ratio is preferable.

[0106] <Discharge Temperature (Td)> Discharge temperature is another evaluation item when applying the composition to a refrigeration cycle system. From the viewpoint of extending the lifespan of the components of the refrigeration cycle system, the discharge temperature is preferably 140°C or lower, more preferably 130°C or lower, and even more preferably 120°C or lower.

[0107] <Condensation Pressure (Pc)> When applying the composition to a refrigeration cycle system, condensation pressure is further listed as an evaluation item. From the viewpoint of pressure resistance design of the refrigeration cycle system, the condensation pressure is preferably 1.300 or less, more preferably 1.250 or less, and even more preferably 1.200 or less, in terms of R410A ratio. The lower limit of the condensation pressure is not particularly limited, and the condensation pressure may be 0.500 or more, 0.550 or more, or 0.600 or more, in terms of R410A ratio.

[0108] <Evaporation Pressure (Pe)> When applying the working fluid to a refrigeration cycle system, evaporation pressure is another evaluation item. From the viewpoint of improving the suction of the working fluid to the compressor, the evaporation pressure is preferably 0.450 or higher, more preferably 0.700 or higher, and even more preferably 1.000 or higher, in terms of the ratio of R410A. There is no particular upper limit to the evaporation pressure, and the evaporation pressure may be 1.400 or lower, 1.350 or lower, or 1.300 or lower, in terms of the ratio of R410A.

[0109] <Refrigeration Effect (Wr)> When the composition is applied to a refrigeration cycle system, the refrigeration effect is further listed as an evaluation item. The refrigeration effect is the amount of heat per unit weight (kJ / kg) absorbed by the composition in the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle system. The refrigeration effect is preferably 0.750 or higher, more preferably 0.800 or higher, and even more preferably 0.850 or higher, relative to R410A.

[0110] The compositions of this disclosure are preferably used in a thermal cycle system. The thermal cycle system may be a heat pump device that utilizes the heat obtained from a condenser, or a refrigeration cycle device that utilizes the cold energy obtained from an evaporator. The thermal cycle system may be a direct expansion type or an indirect expansion type. Examples of indirect expansion types include flooded evaporators.

[0111] A thermal cycle involves a series of steps: (1) compressing the working fluid in a gaseous state using a compressor; (2) cooling it in a condenser to convert it into a high-pressure liquid state; (3) reducing the pressure using an expansion valve, which is an example of a pressure reducing device; and (4) vaporizing it at a low temperature in an evaporator to remove heat through the latent heat of vaporization. Compressors can be classified into turbo (centrifugal), reciprocating, rotary, twin-screw, single-screw, scroll compressors, etc., depending on the method of compressing the working fluid in a gaseous state, and can be selected based on heat capacity, compression ratio, and size.

[0112] (Refrigeration Cycle System) As an example of a thermal cycle system, the refrigeration cycle system will be described. A refrigeration cycle system is a system in which the working fluid in the evaporator removes thermal energy from the load fluid, thereby cooling the load fluid to a lower temperature.

[0113] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a refrigeration cycle system. The refrigeration cycle system 10 is a system that is roughly configured to include a compressor 11 that compresses working medium vapor A into high-temperature, high-pressure working medium vapor B, a condenser 12 that cools and liquefies the working medium vapor B discharged from the compressor 11 into low-temperature, high-pressure working medium C, an expansion valve 13 that expands the working medium C discharged from the condenser 12 into low-temperature, low-pressure working medium D, an evaporator 14 that heats the working medium D discharged from the expansion valve 13 into high-temperature, low-pressure working medium vapor A, a pump 15 that supplies load fluid E to the evaporator 14, and a pump 16 that supplies fluid F to the condenser 12.

[0114] In the refrigeration cycle system 10, the following cycles (i) to (iv) are repeated: (i) The working medium vapor A discharged from the evaporator 14 is compressed in the compressor 11 to become high-temperature, high-pressure working medium vapor B (hereinafter referred to as the "AB process"). (ii) The working medium vapor B discharged from the compressor 11 is cooled in the condenser 12 with fluid F and liquefied to become low-temperature, high-pressure working medium C. At this time, fluid F is heated to become fluid F' and discharged from the condenser 12 (hereinafter referred to as the "BC process"). (iii) The working medium C discharged from the condenser 12 is expanded in the expansion valve 13 to become low-temperature, low-pressure working medium D (hereinafter referred to as the "CD process"). (iv) The working medium D discharged from the expansion valve 13 is heated in the evaporator 14 with load fluid E to become high-temperature, low-pressure working medium vapor A. At this time, load fluid E is cooled to become load fluid E' and discharged from the evaporator 14 (hereinafter referred to as the "DA process").

[0115] The refrigeration cycle system 10 is a cycle system consisting of adiabatic / isentropic changes, isenthalpy changes, and isobaric changes. When the state changes of the working fluid are plotted on the pressure-enthalpy curve diagram shown in Figure 2, they can be represented with peaks A, B, C, and D.

[0116] The AB process is a process in which adiabatic compression is performed in the compressor 11 to convert low-temperature, low-pressure working medium vapor A into high-temperature, high-pressure working medium vapor B, and is shown by the AB line in Figure 2. As described later, working medium vapor A is introduced into the compressor 11 in a superheated state, and the resulting working medium vapor B is also a superheated vapor. The compressor intake gas density is the density (ρs) in state A in Figure 2. The compressor discharge gas temperature (discharge temperature) is the temperature (Tx) in state B in Figure 2, and is the highest temperature in the refrigeration cycle. The compressor discharge pressure (discharge pressure) is the pressure (Px) in state B in Figure 2, and is the highest pressure in the refrigeration cycle. Since the BC process is isobaric cooling, the discharge pressure is the same value as the condensation pressure (Pc). Therefore, in Figure 2, for convenience, the condensation pressure is shown as Px.

[0117] The BC process is a process in which isobaric cooling is performed in the condenser 12 to convert the high-temperature, high-pressure working medium vapor B into a low-temperature, high-pressure working medium C, and is shown by the BC line in Figure 2. The pressure at this time is the condensation pressure. Of the intersections of the pressure-enthalpy line and the BC line, the intersection T1 on the high-enthalpy side is the condensation start temperature, and the intersection T2 on the low-enthalpy side is the condensation completion temperature. Here, the temperature glide in the condenser when the working medium is a non-azeotropic mixed medium is shown as the difference between T1 and T2.

[0118] The CD process is a process in which isenthalpy expansion is performed in the expansion valve 13, converting the low-temperature, high-pressure working medium C into a low-temperature, low-pressure working medium D, and is shown by the CD line in Figure 2. If the temperature of the low-temperature, high-pressure working medium C is denoted by T3, then T2-T3 represents the degree of supercooling (SC) of the working medium in cycles (i) to (iv).

[0119] The DA process is a process in which isobaric heating is performed in the evaporator 14 to return the low-temperature, low-pressure working medium D to the high-temperature, low-pressure working medium vapor A, and is shown by the DA line in Figure 2. The pressure at this time is the evaporation pressure. Of the intersections of the pressure-enthalpy line and the DA line, the intersection T6 on the high-enthalpy side is the evaporation completion temperature, and the intersection T4 on the low-enthalpy side is the evaporation start temperature. Here, the temperature glide in the evaporator when the working medium is a non-azeotropic mixed medium is shown as the difference between T6 and T4. If the temperature of the working medium vapor A is shown as T7, then T7 - ​​T6 is the degree of superheating (SH) of the working medium in cycles (i) to (iv). Note that T4 represents the temperature of the working medium D.

[0120] The CAP and COP of the working fluid can be calculated from the following equations (11), (12), (13), and (14), respectively, using the enthalpy, hA, hB, hC, hD, and the working fluid mass circulation rate qmr for each state of the working fluid: A (after evaporation, low temperature and low pressure), B (after compression, high temperature and high pressure), C (after condensation, low temperature and high pressure), and D (after expansion, low temperature and low pressure). Assume there are no pressure losses in the piping and heat exchanger.

[0121] When the work lost by the compressor is added to the working fluid as heat, the working fluid vapor B' after the AB process can be expressed using the following equation, where hA, hB, and η are used, with respect to the compressor efficiency η: hB' = hA + (hB - hA) / η

[0122] The cycle performance of the working fluid is determined by performing theoretical calculations of the working fluid under the temperature conditions of a given refrigeration cycle, using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP 10.0). Furthermore, the physical properties and mixing rules of HFO-1123 are determined using the values ​​and experimental values ​​described in Akasaka, R., Higashi, Y., Sakoda, N., Fukuda, S., and Lemmon, EW, Thermodynamic properties of trifluoroethene (R1123): ( p, ρ, T ) behavior and fundamental equation of state, International Journal of Refrigeration., 2020, 119, 457-467, and Akasaka, R., and Lemmon, EW, A New Fundamental Equation of State for R1123 and its Applications to Mixture Models for Mixtures with R32 and R1234yf”, The 6th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants, 2021. CAP = (hA - hD) × ρs = wr × ρs…(11) COP = Q / P = qmr(hA - hD) / qmr(hB - hA) = (hA - hD) / (hB - hA) ... (12) Q = qmr(hA - hD) ... (13) P = qmr(hB - hA) ... (14) Furthermore, considering the compressor efficiency, COP and P are given by the following equations: COP = Q / P = (hA - hD) / (hB' - hA) ... (15) P = qmr(hB' - hA) ... (16)

[0123] Examples of thermal cycle systems include refrigeration and freezing equipment, air conditioning equipment, heating and hot water supply equipment, power generation systems, heat transport devices, and secondary coolers. Among these, thermal cycle systems are preferably used as air conditioning equipment, which is often installed outdoors, because they can stably and safely perform thermal cycle performance even in higher temperature operating environments. Furthermore, thermal cycle systems are also preferably used as refrigeration and freezing equipment.

[0124] Examples of air conditioning equipment include room air conditioners, packaged air conditioners (such as packaged air conditioners for shops, buildings, and facilities), gas engine heat pumps, train air conditioning systems, and automobile air conditioning systems. For automobile air conditioning systems, gasoline vehicle air conditioning systems, hybrid vehicle air conditioning systems, electric vehicle air conditioning systems, or hydrogen vehicle air conditioning systems are preferred, with electric vehicle air conditioning systems being more preferred.

[0125] Refrigeration and freezing equipment specifically includes display cases (refrigerated display cases, frozen display cases, etc.), refrigerators, freezers, water coolers, refrigeration and freezing units, freezers for refrigerated and frozen warehouses, chillers (chilling units), turbo chillers, screw chillers, vending machines, and ice makers.

[0126] Examples of heating and hot water supply equipment include heat pump water heaters, heat pump hot water heaters, heat pump hot air heaters, steam hot air generating heat pumps, and waste heat recovery heat pumps.

[0127] As a power generation system, a Rankine cycle system is preferred. Specifically, an example of such a power generation system is one in which a working medium is heated in an evaporator using geothermal energy, solar heat, or waste heat in the medium to high temperature range of approximately 50°C to 200°C, the working medium becomes a high-temperature, high-pressure vapor, and is adiabatically expanded in an expander, and the work generated by this adiabatic expansion drives a generator to produce electricity.

[0128] As a heat transport device, a latent heat transport device is preferred. Examples of latent heat transport devices include heat pipes and two-phase sealed thermal siphon devices, which transport latent heat by utilizing phenomena such as evaporation, boiling, and condensation of a working medium sealed within the device. Heat pipes are applied to relatively small cooling devices, such as cooling devices for heat-generating parts of semiconductor elements and electronic equipment. Two-phase sealed thermal siphon devices do not require a wick and have a simple structure, so they are widely used in gas-gas heat exchangers, road snow melting acceleration, and de-icing prevention.

[0129] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the following examples. Examples 1-57, 1-66, 1-123, 1-131, 1-149, 1-192, 1-201, 1-214, 1-218, 1-219, 1-225, 1-232, 1-253, 1-286, 1-295, 1-300, 1-301, 1-306, 1-312, 1-356, 1-361, 1-362, 1-366, 1-367, 1-372, 1-373, 1-378, 1-395, 1-405, 1-414, and 1-415 are comparative examples. Examples 2-80, 2-92, 2-103, 2-114, 2-158, 2-164, 2-170, 2-181, 2-192, 2-201, 2-206, 2-211, 2-215, 2-220, 2-225, 2-233, 2-238, 2-242, 2-246, 2-253, 2-257, 2-264, and 2-268 are comparative examples. Other examples are embodiments.

[0130] The table shows the content of each component, in units of mass percent. R290 means propane. "R1" means the amount of propane relative to the total amount of propane and HFC-152a.

[0131] [Examples 1-1 to 1-415] The compositions of Examples 1-1 to 1-415 include HFO-1123, HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a.

[0132] For the above compositions, the GWP and heat of combustion (indicated as "HOC" in the table) were calculated. The unit of HOC is "MJ / kg".

[0133] Furthermore, based on theoretical performance calculations of the refrigeration cycle, the refrigeration cycle state was calculated under the following refrigeration cycle conditions: condensation temperature, evaporation temperature, superheat (SH), supercooling (SC), and compressor efficiency. The discharge temperature (indicated as "Td" in the table), condensation pressure (indicated as "Pc" in the table), evaporation pressure (indicated as "Pe" in the table), refrigeration effect (indicated as "Wr" in the table), capacity per unit volume (indicated as "CAP" in the table), coefficient of performance (indicated as "COP" in the table), temperature glide in the evaporator (indicated as "TG" in the table), and compression ratio (indicated as "Pc / Pe" in the table). The calculation methods for Td, Pc, Pe, Wr, CAP, COP, and TG are as described above. The results are shown in Tables 2 to 11. In Tables 2-11, Pc, Pe, Wr, CAP, and COP were evaluated by converting them to relative values ​​based on the value of R410A (R410A = 1.000). The units for discharge temperature and temperature glide in the evaporator are °C.

[0134] (Refrigeration cycle conditions) ・Condensation temperature: 40°C ・Evaporation temperature: 5°C ・Superheat (SH): 5°C ・Supercooling (SC): 5°C ・Compressor efficiency: 0.7

[0135] Furthermore, in Tables 2 to 11, in the "S1" column, "Y" was written if the following condition S1 was met, and "N" was written if condition S1 was not met. In the "S2" column, "Y" was written if the following condition S2 was met, and "N" was written if condition S2 was not met. In the "S3" column, "Y" was written if the following condition S3 was met, and "N" was written if condition S3 was not met.

[0136] (Condition S1) When the content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is 25.0 to 90.0 mass%, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 to 40.0 mass%, and the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is B mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is C mass%, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is D mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1): 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1)

[0137] (Condition S2) When the HFC-32 content relative to the total content A is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the propane content relative to the total content A is 2.0 to 20.0 mass%, the HFO-1123 content relative to the total content A is A mass%, the HFC-32 content relative to the total content A is B mass%, the propane content relative to the total content A is C mass%, and the HFC-152a content relative to the total content A is D mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the propane content relative to the total content A is 2.0 mass% or more and less than 14.0 mass%, A is 25.0 to 80.0, and when the propane content relative to the total content A is 14.0 mass% or more and less than 16.0 mass%, A and C satisfy the following formula (2), and when the propane content relative to the total content A is 16.0 to 20.0 mass%, A, B, and C satisfy the following formula (3). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) -1.194724 × B + (5.287686 × C - 43) ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (3)

[0138] (Condition S3) When the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 to 20.0 mass%, the content of HFO-1123 relative to the total content A is A mass%, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content A is B mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content A is C mass%, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content A is D mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content A is 2.0 mass% or more and less than 14.0 mass%, A is 25.0 to 80.0, and when the content of propane relative to the total content A is 14.0 to 20.0 mass%, A and C satisfy the following formula (2). 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2)

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] As shown in Tables 2 to 11, in the example satisfying condition S1, the mixture contains HFO-1123, HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a, with the HFO-1123 content being 25.0 to 90.0 mass%, the HFC-32 content being 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the propane content being 2.0 to 40.0 mass%, and when the HFC-32 content being B mass%, the propane content being C mass%, and the HFC-152a content being D mass%, it was found that B, C, and D satisfy formula (1), the GWP is 150 or less, and the heat of combustion is 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0150] In examples that satisfy condition S2, it was found that the GWP was 150 or less, and the heat of combustion was 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0151] In the examples that satisfy condition S3, it was found that the GWP was 150 or less and the heat of combustion was 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0152] (Claim 9) Furthermore, it was found that when the propane content relative to the total content of propane and HFC-152a is 50% by mass or more, the volume capacity improves, the discharge temperature decreases, the evaporation pressure increases, and the compression ratio tends to decrease.

[0153] [Examples 2-1 to 2-268] The compositions of Examples 2-1 to 2-268 include HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a.

[0154] For the above compositions, the GWP and heat of combustion (indicated as "HOC" in the table) were calculated. The unit of HOC is "MJ / kg". The results are shown in Tables 12 to 18. In Tables 12 to 18, "Y" is written if the following formula (4) is satisfied, and "N" is written if formula (4) is not satisfied. Let E be the mass % of the HFC-32 content relative to the total content B, F be the mass % of the propane content relative to the total content B, and G be the mass % of the HFC-152a content relative to the total content B. 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121… (4)

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159]

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] As shown in Tables 12 to 18, when a substance contains HFO-1132(E), HFC-32, propane, and HFC-152a, and the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content B is 25.0 to 90.0 mass%, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content B is 2.0 to 40.0 mass%, and when the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is E mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content B is F mass%, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content B is G mass%, it was found that in examples where E, F, and G satisfy formula (4), the GWP is 150 or less and the heat of combustion is 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0163] When the content of HFO-1132(E) relative to the total content B is 25.0 to 80.0 mass%, the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is 5.0 to 21.0 mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content B is 2.0 to 10.0 mass%, and when the content of HFC-32 relative to the total content B is E mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content B is F mass%, and the content of HFC-152a relative to the total content B is G mass%, it was found that in examples where E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4), the GWP is 150 or less and the heat of combustion is 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

[0164] Furthermore, the disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-165667, filed on September 24, 2024, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In addition, all documents, patent applications, and technical standards described herein are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual document, patent application, and technical standard were specifically and individually noted to be incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A composition comprising trifluoroethylene or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the global warming potential is 150 or less and the heat of combustion is 28,000 MJ / kg or less.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the total content of trifluoroethylene or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 90.0% by mass or more of the total amount of the composition.

3. Containing trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 40.0% by mass. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), where B is the mass % of the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, C is the mass % of the propane, and D is the mass % of the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and B is the mass % of the 1,1-difluoroethane. 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 4. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the heat of combustion is 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

5. Containing trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 20.0% by mass. When the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is A by mass%, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is B by mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is C by mass%, and the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is D by mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0% by mass or more and less than 14.0% by mass, then A is between 25.0 and 80.

0. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 14.0% by mass or more and less than 16.0% by mass, A and C satisfy the following formula (2), and when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 16.0 to 20.0% by mass, A, B, and C satisfy the following formula (3): 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) -1.194724 × B + (5.287686 × C - 43) ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (3) 6. Containing trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 20.0% by mass. When the content of trifluoroethylene relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is A by mass%, the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is B by mass%, the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is C by mass%, and the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is D by mass%, then B, C, and D satisfy the following formula (1), and when the content of propane relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0% by mass or more and less than 14.0% by mass, then A is between 25.0 and 80.

0. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the propane content relative to the total content of trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 14.0 to 20.0% by mass, A and C satisfy the following formula (2): 2.0 ≤ D ≤ -5.479675 × B + (-0.016260 × C) + 121… (1) 5.287690 × C - 49 ≤ A ≤ 80.0… (2) 7. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the content of propane is 50% by mass or more relative to the total content of propane and 1,1-difluoroethane.

8. Containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, the trans-1,2-difluoroethylene content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 90.0% by mass, the difluoromethane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the propane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 40.0% by mass. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein E is the mass % of the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, F is the mass % of the content of propane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and G is the mass % of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, such that E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4): 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121… (4) 9. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the heat of combustion is 19,000 MJ / kg or less.

10. Containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, the trans-1,2-difluoroethylene content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 25.0 to 80.0% by mass, the difluoromethane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 5.0 to 21.0% by mass, and the propane content relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane is 2.0 to 10.0% by mass. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein E is the mass % of the content of difluoromethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, F is the mass % of the content of propane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, and G is the mass % of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane relative to the total content of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, such that E, F, and G satisfy the following formula (4): 2.0 ≤ G ≤ -5.479675 × E + (-0.016260 × F) + 121… (4) 11. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, difluoromethane, propane, and 1,1-difluoroethane, wherein the content of propane is 50% by mass or more relative to the total content of propane and 1,1-difluoroethane.

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