Apparatus for manufacturing all-solid-state battery, method for manufacturing all-solid-state battery using same, and all-solid-state battery manufactured using same

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery. More specifically, the apparatus for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery comprises: a first plate configured to press a lower portion of a laminate; a second plate configured to press an upper portion of the laminate; and a dot unit provided on at least one of the first plate or the second plate and configured to press one region of the laminate, wherein the dot unit includes a plurality of dots having a protruding shape.

Description

All-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus, all-solid-state battery manufacturing method using the same, and all-solid-state battery manufactured using the same

[0001] The invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery, a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery using the same, and an all-solid-state battery manufactured using the same; more specifically, it relates to a method for temporarily bonding an all-solid-state battery cell.

[0002]

[0003] Recently, driven by industrial demands, the development of batteries with high energy density and safety is actively underway. For example, lithium-ion batteries are being commercialized not only in the fields of information and communication devices but also in the automotive sector. In the automotive sector, safety is considered particularly important because it is directly related to human life.

[0004] All-solid-state batteries in which liquid electrolyte is replaced with a solid electrolyte are being proposed. By not using flammable organic dispersion media, all-solid-state batteries can significantly reduce the likelihood of fire or explosion even in the event of a short circuit.

[0005]

[0006] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus for pre-bonding all-solid-state batteries.

[0007] Another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery using the above-described manufacturing apparatus.

[0008] Another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an all-solid-state battery manufactured by the method for manufacturing the all-solid-state battery described above.

[0009]

[0010] A solid-state manufacturing apparatus according to the concept of the present invention comprises: a first plate configured to press the lower part of a laminate; a second plate configured to press the upper part of the laminate; and a dot portion provided on at least one of the first plate and the second plate and configured to press a region of the laminate, wherein the dot portion may include a plurality of dots having a protruding shape.

[0011] A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery according to another concept of the present invention comprises assembling a laminate; fixing the assembled laminate; and pressing the fixed laminate, wherein fixing the laminate includes temporarily pressing the laminate to form a temporary bond, and the temporary bonding may include forming a dot pattern on the laminate.

[0012] An all-solid-state battery according to another concept of the present invention is an all-solid-state battery manufactured by the all-solid-state battery manufacturing method, wherein the all-solid-state battery comprises: a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector; a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector; and a solid electrolyte layer between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, wherein the negative electrode current collector may include a plurality of dot patterns.

[0013]

[0014] The all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to the present invention can perform temporary bonding for alignment and fixation before pressurizing the laminate. The all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to the present invention can improve the temporary bonding strength by forming a dot pattern during temporary bonding. As a result, the manufacturing process of the all-solid-state battery can be performed efficiently.

[0015]

[0016] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 2 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first plate of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIGS. 5a to 5c are drawings showing the dot section of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIGS. 6a and 6b are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIGS. 7 to 8c are perspective views and drawings of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIGS. 10a and FIGS. 10b are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIGS. 11 to 13 are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 14 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027]

[0028] In order to fully understand the structure and effects of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various forms and various modifications can be made. The description of these embodiments is provided merely to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention.

[0029] In this specification, when a component is described as being on another component, it means that it may be formed directly on the other component or that a third component may be interposed between them. Additionally, in the drawings, the thicknesses of the components are exaggerated for the effective description of the technical content. Throughout the specification, parts indicated by the same reference numeral represent the same components.

[0030] The embodiments described herein will be described with reference to cross-sectional and / or plan views, which are exemplary illustrations of the invention. In the drawings, the thicknesses of films and regions are exaggerated for effective description of the technical content. Accordingly, the regions illustrated in the drawings are schematic in nature, and the shapes of the regions illustrated in the drawings are intended to illustrate specific forms of regions of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., have been used to describe various components in the various embodiments of this specification, these components should not be limited by such terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another. The embodiments described and illustrated herein also include their complementary embodiments.

[0031] The terms used herein are for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. In this specification, the singular form includes the plural form unless specifically stated otherwise in the text. As used herein, 'comprises' and / or 'comprising' do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components to the mentioned components.

[0032]

[0033] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Referring to FIG. 1, an all-solid-state battery (10) according to one embodiment may include a positive electrode layer (100), a negative electrode layer (200) facing the positive electrode layer (100), and a solid electrolyte layer (300) disposed between the positive electrode layer (100) and the negative electrode layer (200). However, not limited thereto, the all-solid-state battery (10) may further include an additional functional layer, such as an adhesion-enhancing layer, disposed between the positive electrode layer (100) and the solid electrolyte layer (300) or between the negative electrode layer (200) and the solid electrolyte layer (300).

[0035] In one embodiment, the anode layer (100) may include an anode current collector (110) and an anode active material layer (120) disposed on the anode current collector (110). Although not illustrated, the anode active material layer (120) may include an anode active material, a solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder.

[0036] The positive current collector (110) can provide a reference surface on which the positive active material layer (120) is placed. The positive current collector (110) may include, for example, a plate or foil comprising indium (In), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), stainless steel, titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), germanium (Ge), lithium (Li), or an alloy thereof.

[0037] Meanwhile, unlike as illustrated in FIG. 1, the positive current collector (110) may be omitted in one embodiment of the present invention. Although not illustrated, a carbon layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm to 4 μm may be further disposed between the positive current collector (110) and the positive active material layer (120) to increase the bonding strength between the positive current collector (110) and the positive active material layer (120).

[0038] The positive electrode active material may include a material capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing lithium ions. The positive electrode active material may include a plurality of particles. The positive electrode active material may include, for example, lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), lithium manganate, and lithium iron phosphate, nickel sulfide, copper sulfide, lithium sulfide, iron oxide, or vanadium oxide, but is not necessarily limited to these. Each positive electrode active material may be a single material or a mixture of two or more materials.

[0039] Lithium transition metal oxides are, for example, Li a A 1-b B b D2(0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5), Li a E 1-b B b O 2-c D c (0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05), LiE 2-b B b O 4-c D c (0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05), Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b B c D α (0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05, 0<α<2), Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b B c O 2-α F α (0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05, 0<α<2), Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn bB c D α (0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05, 0<α≤2), Li a Nor 1-b-c Mn b B c O 2-α F α (0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05, 0<α<2), Li a Nor b E c G d O2(0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.9, 0≤c≤0.5, 0.001≤d≤0.1), Li a Nor b Co c Mn d G e O2(0.90≤a≤1, 0≤b≤0.9, 0≤c≤0.5, 0≤d≤0.5, 0.001≤e≤0.1), Li a NiG b O2(0.9≤a≤1, 0.001≤b≤0.1), Li a CoG b O2(0.90≤a≤1, 0.001≤b≤0.1), Li a MnG b O2(0.90≤a≤1, 0.001≤b≤0.1), Li a Mn2G b O4(0.90≤a≤1, 0.001≤b≤0.1), QO2, QS2, LiQS2, V2O5, LiV2O5, LiIO2, LiNiVO4, Li 3-f J2(PO4)3(0≤f≤2), Li 3-fIt is a compound represented by any one of Fe2(PO4)3 (0≤f≤2) or LiFePO4. In such compounds, the uppercase “A” is Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “B” is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “D” is O, F, S, P, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “E” is Co, Mn, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “F” is F, S, P, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “G” is Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “Q” is Ti, Mo, Mn, or a combination thereof; the uppercase “I” is Cr, V, Fe, Sc, Y, or a combination thereof; and the uppercase “J” is V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, or a combination thereof.

[0040] The positive electrode active material may include, for example, a lithium salt of a transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type structure among the lithium transition metal oxides described above. The "layered rock salt type structure" is, for example, a cubic rock salt type structure. <111> It is a structure in which oxygen and metal atomic layers are alternately and regularly arranged in a specific direction, thereby forming a two-dimensional plane for each atomic layer. The "cubic rock salt type structure" represents a sodium chloride (NaCl) type structure, which is a type of crystal structure; specifically, it exhibits a structure in which face-centered cubic lattices (fcc) formed by cations and anions, respectively, are offset from each other by half the ridge of the unit lattice. Lithium transition metal oxides having such a layered rock salt type structure are, for example, LiNi x Co y Al z O2(NCA) or LiNi x Co y Mn zO2(NCM) (0 <x<1,0<y<1, 0<z<1, x+y+z=1) 등의 삼원계 리튬전이금속산화물일 수 있다. 양극 활물질이 층상암염형 구조를 갖는 삼원계 리튬전이금속산화물을 포함하는 경우, 전고체 전지(10)의 에너지 밀도가 커지고 열안정성이 향상될 수 있다.

[0041] The aforementioned compound contained in the positive electrode active material may be covered by a coating layer (not shown). The positive electrode active material may also be a mixture of the aforementioned compound and the compound to which the coating layer is added. Meanwhile, the coating layer added to the surface of the positive electrode active material may include, for example, oxides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxycarbonates, or hydroxycarbonates of the following coating elements. The compounds forming this coating layer are amorphous or crystalline. The coating elements included in the coating layer may include Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, or mixtures thereof. The coating layer may include, for example, Li2O-ZrO2 (LZO). The method for forming the coating layer is selected within a range that does not adversely affect the physical properties of the positive electrode active material. The method for forming the coating layer is, for example, spray coating or immersion.

[0042] When the positive electrode active material contains nickel (Ni) as a ternary lithium transition metal oxide such as NCA or NCM, for example, the capacity density of the all-solid-state battery (10) is increased, and the metal leaching of the positive electrode active material in the charged state can be reduced. As a result, the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state battery (10) in the charged state are improved. Meanwhile, "cycle characteristics" is a characteristic that indicates the degree of deterioration of the all-solid-state battery (10) due to charging and discharging of the all-solid-state battery (10). An all-solid-state battery (10) with high cycle characteristics has a small degree of deterioration due to charging and discharging, while an all-solid-state battery (10) with low cycle characteristics may have a large degree of deterioration due to charging and discharging.

[0043] The positive active material may have a particle shape such as a sphere or an ellipsoid. The particle size and content of the positive active material are not particularly limited. In one embodiment, the positive active material is in the form of a polycrystalline structure and may include secondary particles formed by the aggregation of at least two primary particles. In other words, a single first particle may include a plurality of primary particles aggregated together. The first particle may have a spherical or elliptical shape.

[0044] A solid electrolyte may be dispersed between the cathode active materials. The solid electrolyte dispersed between the cathode active materials may have a particulate form. The solid electrolyte dispersed between the cathode active materials may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with excellent lithium ion conductivity characteristics. Sulfide-based solid electrolytes are, for example, Li2S-P2S5, Li2S-P2S5-LiX (where X is a halogen element), Li2S-P2S5-Li2O, Li2S-P2S5-Li2O-LiI, Li2S-SiS2, Li2S-SiS2-LiI, Li2S-SiS2-LiBr, Li2S-SiS2-LiCl, Li2S-SiS2-B2S3-LiI, Li2S-SiS2-P2S5-LiI, Li2S-B2S3, and Li2S-P2S5-Z m S n (m, n are positive numbers, uppercase “Z” is one of Ge, Zn, or Ga), Li2S-GeS2, Li2S-SiS2-Li3PO4, Li2S-SiS2-Li p MO q (p, q are positive numbers, uppercase “M” is one of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, In), Li 7-x PS 6-x Cl x (0≤x≤2), Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x (0≤x≤2), and Li 7-x PS 6-x I xIt may include at least one selected from (0≤x≤2).

[0045] Sulfide-based solid electrolytes are, for example, Li 7-x PS 6-x Cl x (0≤x≤2), Li 7-x PS 6-x Br x (0≤x≤2), and Li 7-x PS 6-x I x It may be an argyrodite-type compound comprising one or more selected from (0≤x≤2). In particular, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be an argyrodite-type compound comprising one or more selected from Li6PS5Cl, Li6PS5Br, and Li6PS5I. The density of the argyrodite-type solid electrolyte may be 1.5 g / cc to 2.0 g / cc. By having a density of 1.5 g / cc or higher for the argyrodite-type solid electrolyte, the internal resistance of the all-solid-state battery is reduced, and defects such as penetration and short circuit of the solid electrolyte film due to lithium dendrite formation can be prevented. The elastic modulus of the solid electrolyte may be, for example, 15 GPa to 35 GPa.

[0046] The solid electrolyte in the positive active material layer (120) may have a smaller average particle size (D50) of intermediate particle size compared to the solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) described later. For example, the average particle size (D50) of the solid electrolyte included in the positive active material layer (120) may be 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, or 20% or less of the average particle size (D50) of the solid electrolyte included in the solid electrolyte layer (300). Meanwhile, the average particle size (D50) may be a median diameter measured using a laser particle size distribution meter.

[0047] The positive active material layer (120) may include a conductive material. The conductive material may have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the all-solid-state battery (10), thereby increasing the conductivity of the positive active material and the solid electrolyte. The conductive material may include a carbon-based material. The conductive material may include, for example, one or more selected from graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes.

[0048] The positive active material layer (120) may further include a binder. The binder may bind the positive active material, solid electrolyte, and conductive material within the positive active material layer (120) together. The binder may include a material to improve the bonding strength between the positive active material layer (120) and the positive current collector (110). The binder may include, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0049] Based on 100 parts by weight of the total positive active material, solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder, the positive active material layer (120) may contain 85 parts by weight or more and 92 parts by weight or less of the positive active material. Based on 100 parts by weight of the total positive active material, solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder, the positive active material layer (120) may contain 0.5 parts by weight or more and 1.5 parts by weight or less of the binder.

[0050] Based on 100 parts by weight of solid electrolyte within the positive active material layer (120), the positive active material layer (120) may contain 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less of a conductive material. If the conductive material is included in the positive active material layer (120) in an amount less than 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of solid electrolyte within the positive active material layer (120), the proportion of the conductive material decreases, and the electrical conductivity of the positive active material layer (120) may decrease. If the conductive material is included in the positive active material layer (120) in an amount exceeding 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of solid electrolyte within the positive active material layer (120), the proportion of the conductive material is excessively high, and a coating layer covering the surface of the solid electrolyte may not be properly formed.

[0051] The positive active material layer (120) may further include additives such as fillers, coating agents, dispersants, and ion conductivity aids in addition to the positive active material, solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder described above.

[0052] The negative electrode layer (200) may include a negative electrode current collector (210) and a negative electrode coating layer (220) on the negative electrode current collector (210). The negative electrode current collector (210) may provide a reference surface on which the negative electrode coating layer (220) is placed. The negative electrode current collector (210) may include, for example, a material that does not react with lithium, that is, does not form any alloys or compounds with lithium. For example, the negative electrode current collector (210) may include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), stainless steel, titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni). The thickness of the negative electrode current collector (210) may be 1 μm to 20 μm, more specifically 5 μm to 15 μm, and more specifically 7 μm to 10 μm.

[0053] The negative current collector (210) may be composed of one of the metals described above, or may include an alloy of two or more metals or a coating material. The negative current collector (210) may, for example, have a plate-like or foil-like shape. Meanwhile, in one embodiment, the negative current collector (210) may be omitted.

[0054] The negative electrode coating layer (220) can allow lithium metal to grow between the all-solid-state battery (10) and the negative electrode current collector (210) during charging. The negative electrode coating layer (220) can serve as a protective layer for the lithium metal and simultaneously suppress the precipitation and growth of lithium dendrites.

[0055] The cathode coating layer (220) may include metal and carbon. For example, the cathode coating layer (220) may include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn). The cathode coating layer (220) may include at least one carbon selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, furnace black, ketjen black, and graphene. In one embodiment, the cathode coating layer (220) may include a mixture of carbon black and silver (Ag).

[0056] The cathode coating layer (220) may further include other additives in addition to metal and carbon. The cathode coating layer (220) may further include at least one additive selected from the group consisting of, for example, binders, fillers, coating agents, dispersants, and ion-conducting aids.

[0057] The negative electrode coating layer (220) may have a smaller thickness compared to the positive electrode active material layer (120). The thickness of the negative electrode coating layer (220) may be, for example, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less of the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer (120). The thickness of the negative electrode coating layer (220) may be, for example, 1 μm to 20 μm, 2 μm to 10 μm, or 3 μm to 7 μm. If the thickness of the negative electrode coating layer (220) is excessively thin, lithium dendrites formed between the negative electrode coating layer (220) and the negative electrode current collector (210) may cause the negative electrode coating layer (220) to collapse, thereby degrading the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state battery (10). If the thickness of the negative electrode coating layer (220) increases excessively, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) decreases, and the internal resistance of the all-solid-state battery (10) due to the negative electrode coating layer (220) increases, which may degrade the cycle characteristics of the all-solid-state battery (10).

[0058] Meanwhile, although not shown, a carbon layer may be further included to improve adhesion between the cathode coating layer (220) and the solid electrolyte layer (300).

[0059] A solid electrolyte layer (300) may be provided between the anode layer (100) and the cathode layer (200). The solid electrolyte layer (300) may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with excellent lithium ion conductivity characteristics. The solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) may be the same as or different from any one of the materials included in the solid electrolyte in the aforementioned anode active material layer (120).

[0060] The solid electrolyte layer (300) may include a first solid electrolyte layer (310) and a second solid electrolyte layer (320). The first solid electrolyte layer (310) may be adjacent to the anode layer (100), and the second solid electrolyte layer (320) may be adjacent to the cathode layer (200).

[0061] The second solid electrolyte layer (320) can be in direct contact with the negative electrode coating layer (220). By doing so, the second solid electrolyte layer (320) can suppress lithium dendrites formed between the negative electrode coating layer (220) and the negative electrode current collector (210). The second solid electrolyte layer (320) can effectively suppress negative side reactions. By doing so, the cell performance of the all-solid-state battery (10) according to the present invention can be improved.

[0062] The solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) may have particle shapes such as spheres or ellipsoids.

[0063] The solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) may be amorphous, crystalline, or a mixture thereof. Additionally, the solid electrolyte may include sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and lithium (Li) as at least constituent elements among the sulfide-based solid electrolyte materials described above, for example. For example, the solid electrolyte may be a material containing Li2S-P2S5. When using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material containing Li2S-P2S5 to form the solid electrolyte, the molar ratio of Li2S and P2S5 is, for example, in the range of Li2S : P2S5 = 50 : 50 to 90 : 10.

[0064] In one embodiment, the solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) is Li 7-a M a PS 6-c X c It may be an argyrodite-type compound containing . Here, X may be Cl, Br, or a combination thereof. M may be Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof. a and c may each be a real number between 0 and 2.

[0065] The density of the azyrodite-type solid electrolyte may be 1.5 g / cc to 2.0 g / cc. By having a density of 1.5 g / cc or higher for the azyrodite-type solid electrolyte, the internal resistance of the all-solid-state battery is reduced, and defects such as penetration and short circuit of the solid electrolyte film due to lithium dendrite formation can be prevented. The elastic modulus of the solid electrolyte in the solid electrolyte layer (300) is, for example, 15 GPa to 35 GPa.

[0066] The solid electrolyte layer (300) may further include a binder. The binder included in the solid electrolyte layer (300) is, for example, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, etc., but is not limited to these. The binder of the solid electrolyte layer (300) may be the same as or different from the binder included in the positive electrode active material layer (120) or the binder included in the negative electrode coating layer (220).

[0067] Referring again to FIG. 1, the first solid electrolyte layer (310) may have a first thickness (t1), and the second solid electrolyte layer (320) may have a second thickness (t2). The solid electrolyte layer (300) may have a third thickness (T). The first thickness (t1) and the second thickness (t2) may have different thicknesses. The second thickness (t2) may be greater than the first thickness (t1).

[0068] The thinner the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer (300), the higher the energy density, but on the other hand, it is difficult to suppress the formation of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode, so there is a possibility of a short circuit.

[0069] In solid electrolytes, voids can form at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, which act as interfacial resistance and can lead to battery performance degradation.

[0070] Interfacial resistance can be reduced by applying pressure to the electrode and the solid electrolyte layer together. In one embodiment, since the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and is mechanically soft, an all-solid-state battery with improved interfacial resistance can be fabricated through pressure application.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, the anode layer (120) and the cathode layer (220) may include a pressurization process in the manufacturing process. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressurization process may be performed by applying different pressures to each of the anode layer (120) and the cathode layer (220). In one embodiment of the present invention, the anode layer (120) may be manufactured by applying a relatively higher pressure compared to the cathode layer (220). For example, applying nanoscale particles to the anode and cathode active materials can increase the contact area with the solid electrolyte and improve interfacial resistance. In one embodiment, the anode active material may be in a polycrystalline form for reasons such as improved adhesion to the electrode plate, capacity characteristics, and lifespan characteristics, and may include secondary particles formed by the aggregation of at least two primary particles. In this case, the interface resistance between the anode layer (120) and the first solid electrolyte layer (310) is observed to be greater than the interface resistance between the cathode layer (220) and the second solid electrolyte layer (320), so the anode laminate can be manufactured by applying a relatively higher pressure compared to the cathode laminate. However, this is not limited thereto, and the anode layer (120) and the cathode layer (220) can be manufactured through a pressurization process in which different pressures are applied to each for various reasons.

[0072] One embodiment of the present invention can solve process problems that may occur when the interfacial resistance between the anode layer (120) and the first solid electrolyte layer (310) is different from the interfacial resistance between the cathode layer (220) and the second solid electrolyte layer (320) by dividing the solid electrolyte (300) into a first solid electrolyte layer (310) and a second solid electrolyte layer (320). For example, an all-solid-state battery manufactured according to the all-solid-state battery manufacturing method described below can provide an all-solid-state battery manufactured by applying different pressures to the anode stack and the cathode stack, respectively.

[0073] One embodiment of the present invention divides the solid electrolyte layer (300) into a first solid electrolyte layer (310) and a second solid electrolyte layer (320) and adjusts the thickness of each differently, thereby increasing energy density while suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode. This allows for the provision of an all-solid-state battery (10) with improved stability against short-circuit risk and shock and high energy density.

[0074] The ratio (t2 / t1) of the second thickness t2 to the first thickness t1 may be 1 to 20. Specifically, the ratio (t2 / t1) of the second thickness t2 to the first thickness t1 may be 2 to 15, 4 to 11, or 4.5 to 5.5. When the ratio (t2 / t1) of the second thickness t2 to the first thickness t1 is within the aforementioned numerical range, the formation of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode is suppressed while increasing energy density, thereby improving stability against short-circuit risk and shock, and providing an all-solid-state battery (10) with high energy density.

[0075] The first thickness (t1) may be 30 μm or less. Specifically, the first thickness (t1) may be 25 μm or less, 20 μm or less, 14 μm or less, or 10 μm or less. The first thickness (t1) may be 0.1 μm or more. Specifically, the first thickness (t1) may be 1 μm or more, 2 μm or more, 4 μm or more, or 5 μm or more. If the first thickness (t1) exceeds the numerical range mentioned above, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) may decrease. If the first thickness (t1) does not fall within the numerical range mentioned above, the first thickness (t1) may not be sufficient to form an interface with respect to the diameter of the active material powder within the positive electrode.

[0076] The second thickness (t2) may be 30 μm or more. Specifically, it may be 35 μm or more, 40 μm or more, 45 μm or more, 50 μm or more, 55 μm or more, and 60 μm or more. The second thickness (t2) may be 120 μm or less. Specifically, the second thickness (t2) may be 90 μm or less and 60 μm or less. If the second thickness (t2) does not fall within the aforementioned numerical range, it may be difficult to suppress the formation of lithium dendrites within the negative electrode, and there may be a risk of a short circuit. If the second thickness (t2) exceeds the aforementioned numerical range, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) may decrease.

[0077] The third thickness (T) may be 120 μm or less. Specifically, the third thickness (T) may be 90 μm or less and 60 μm or less. The third thickness (T) may be 10 μm or more. Specifically, the third thickness (T) may be 30 μm or more and 50 μm or more. If the third thickness (T) exceeds the above numerical range, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) may decrease.

[0078] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the area of ​​the anode layer (100) and the area of ​​the cathode layer (200) may differ from each other. Specifically, the area of ​​the cathode layer (200) may be larger than the area of ​​the anode layer (100). The anode layer (100) may be completely superimposed within the cathode layer (200).

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first solid electrolyte layer (310) may have substantially the same area as the anode layer (100). The second solid electrolyte layer (320) may have substantially the same area as the cathode layer (200).

[0080] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the first solid electrolyte layer (310) may have a first width (W1) in the first direction (D1). The second solid electrolyte layer (320) may have a second width (W2) in the first direction (D1). The first width (W1) may be smaller than the second width (W2).

[0081] The difference between the second width (W2) and the first width (W1) may be 10 mm or less. Specifically, the difference between the second width (W2) and the first width (W1) may be 8 mm or less, 5 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. The difference between the second width (W2) and the first width (W1) may be 0.1 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, or 1 mm or more. If the above numerical range is exceeded, the size of the anode layer (100) becomes relatively smaller, so the discharge capacity is lowered and the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) may decrease. If the above numerical range is not met, it is difficult to suppress the formation of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode, and there may be a risk of a short circuit.

[0082] The ratio (W2 / W1) of the second width (W2) to the first width (W1) may be 1 to 1.6. Specifically, the ratio (W2 / W1) of the second width (W2) to the first width (W1) may be 1 to 1.5, 1 to 1.4, 1 to 1.3, 1 to 1.2, or 1 to 1.1.

[0083] If the ratio (W2 / W1) of the second width (W2) to the first width (W1) exceeds the numerical range, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) is reduced.

[0084] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the first solid electrolyte layer (310) may have a third width (W3) in the second direction (D2). The second solid electrolyte layer (320) may have a fourth width (W4) in the second direction (D2). The third width (W3) may be smaller than the fourth width (W4).

[0085] The difference between the third width (W3) and the fourth width (W4) may be 10 mm or less. Specifically, the difference between the third width (W3) and the fourth width (W4) may be 8 mm or less, 5 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. The difference between the fourth width (W4) and the third width (W3) may be 0.1 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, or 1 mm or more. If the above numerical range is exceeded, the size of the anode layer (100) becomes relatively smaller, so the discharge capacity is lowered and the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) may decrease. If the above numerical range is not met, it is difficult to suppress the formation of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode, and there may be a risk of a short circuit.

[0086] The ratio (W4 / W3) of the fourth width (W4) to the third width (W3) may be 1 to 1.6. Specifically, the ratio (W4 / W3) of the fourth width (W4) to the third width (W3) may be 1 to 1.5, 1 to 1.4, 1 to 1.3, 1 to 1.2, or 1 to 1.1.

[0087] If the ratio (W4 / W3) of the fourth width (W4) to the third width (W3) exceeds the numerical range, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery (10) is reduced.

[0088] The all-solid-state battery (10) described above in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be substantially the same or similar to a laminate.

[0089]

[0090] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. An all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may perform a pre-bonding of an all-solid-state battery using a plurality of plates (200, 300). Pre-bonding may refer to fixing to prevent warping before the main pressurization for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery. Hereinafter, the pressurization may be the pressurization for the pre-bonding described above.

[0091] Pre-bonding may be a bonding step performed during the manufacturing process of the present invention to temporarily fix the electrodes in a specific position before completely bonding the electrodes of the all-solid-state battery. Unlike final bonding, pre-bonding is a preparatory step to secure final strength and adhesion so that the electrodes can fully perform their functions, and may refer to forming a temporary bond between the electrodes by applying relatively low pressure and heat.

[0092] The pre-bonding process can serve to precisely align the positions of the electrodes and facilitate uniform bonding during the subsequent main bonding process. This process can improve the efficiency of the battery manufacturing process and prevent unnecessary positional shifts.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 3, an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a first plate (200) and a second plate (300). At least one of the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) may include a dot portion.

[0094] The first plate (200) can perform the function of applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery from below. That is, the first plate (200) can be located in a direction opposite to the third direction (D3) of the all-solid-state battery. Applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery with the first plate (200) may be for temporary bonding rather than for main pressure for manufacturing the all-solid-state battery. That is, applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery with the first plate (200) may be for temporary bonding.

[0095] The second plate (300) can perform the function of applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery from above. That is, the second plate (300) can be located in the third direction (D3) of the all-solid-state battery. Applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery with the second plate (300) may be for temporary bonding rather than for main pressure for manufacturing the all-solid-state battery.

[0096] The first plate (200) and the second plate (300) can each be driven up and down with respect to the third direction. The first plate (200) may be fixed and only the second plate (300) may be driven up and down, or conversely, the second plate (300) may be fixed and only the first plate (200) may be driven up and down. Additionally, both the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) may be driven up and down, and any case of up and down driving may be possible.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 3, a first dot portion (210) may be located on the first plate (200). Additionally, a second dot portion (310, FIG. 8b) may be located on the second plate (300). The first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) will be described later in FIG. 4 to 5c.

[0098] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first plate (200) of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the first plate (200) may include a first protrusion (220), a first discharge groove (230), a first dot portion (210), and a first body portion (240). The first protrusion (220) may include a first outer protrusion (221), a first central protrusion (222), and a second outer protrusion (223).

[0099] The first outer protrusion (221) may refer to a protrusion located on the outer edge of the first protrusion (220). The first outer protrusion (221) may be located on the first body part (240). When referring to FIG. 4, the first outer protrusion (221) may include a first-1 outer part (221a), a first-2 outer part (221b), and a first-3 outer part (221c). The first-1 outer part (221a) may be a protrusion located at the very front of the first outer protrusion (221). The front part of the first plate (200) may refer to the outermost part in the direction opposite to the second direction (D2). The first-3 outer part (221c) may be located at the rear of the first plate (200) opposite to the first-1 outer part (221a). The rear portion of the first plate (200) may refer to the outermost portion in the second direction (D2). The first-second outer portion (221b) may be located between the first-first outer portion (221a) and the first-second outer portion (221b). An outlet portion, which will be described later, may be located between each of the first-first outer portion (221a), the first-second outer portion (221b), and the first-third outer portion (221c). Additionally, dots (211, 212, 213) may be located on the first-first outer portion (221a), the first-second outer portion (221b), and the first-third outer portion (221c), respectively.

[0100] The first central protrusion (222) may refer to a protrusion located in the center of the first protrusion (220). The first central protrusion (222) may be located on the middle area of ​​the first body part (240). To explain the difference from the first outer protrusion (221), the first central protrusion (222) may not include the discharge part or discharge groove described later. Also, the density of the dot (212) located on the first central protrusion (222) may be greater than the density of the dot (211, 213) located on the first and second protrusions (320).

[0101] In the present invention, the "density" of dots may be defined as the number of dots per unit area within a specific region of the plate (200 or 300). That is, the dot density is a unit area (e.g., 10 cm²) in each region of the plate 2 It represents the number of dots present per digit, which can serve as a criterion for measuring how densely the dots are arranged. Dot density may vary in each region of the plate, and this difference in density can affect the pressure distribution during the bonding process and the uniformity of bonding between electrodes.

[0102] The second outer protrusion (223) may refer to a protrusion located on the outer edge of the first protrusion (220). The second outer protrusion (223) may be located on the body portion. With reference to FIG. 4, the second outer protrusion (223) may include a second-1 outer portion (223a), a second-2 outer portion (223b), and a second-3 outer portion (223c). The second-1 outer portion (223a) may be a protrusion located at the very front of the second outer protrusion (223). The second-3 outer portion (223c) may be located on the rear side of the first plate (200), opposite to the second-1 outer portion (223a). The second-2 outer portion (223b) may be located between the second-1 outer portion (223a) and the second-2 outer portion (223b). Between each of the 2-1 outer section (223a), the 2-2 outer section (223b), and the 2-3 outer section (223c), an exhaust section to be described later may be located. Additionally, a dot (213) may be located on each of the 2-1 outer section (223a), the 2-2 outer section (223b), and the 2-3 outer section (223c).

[0103] The first discharge groove (230) may include a first discharge section and a second discharge section (232). The first discharge groove (230) can perform the function of discharging air present inside the solid-state battery to the outside when the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) come into contact and pressurize the solid-state battery. If the air compressed by the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) is not discharged, a greater force than required for pressurization may be required due to resistance caused by the compressed air. In addition, unnecessary scratches may occur on the solid-state battery as the compressed air is not discharged smoothly.

[0104] The first discharge section (231) can perform the function of discharging compressed air when pressurized. In particular, the first discharge section (231) can discharge air existing between the first outer protrusion (221) and the first central protrusion (222). The first discharge section (231) can discharge air existing between the first outer protrusion (221) and the first central protrusion (222) in a direction parallel to the second direction (D2). Additionally, the first discharge section (231) can also transfer compressed air to the first-1 discharge section (231a) and the first-2 discharge section (231b) to be described later.

[0105] The second discharge section (232) can perform the function of discharging compressed air when pressurized. The second discharge section (232) can discharge air existing between the first central protrusion and the second outer protrusion (223). The second discharge section (232) can discharge air existing between the first central protrusion (222) and the second outer protrusion (223) in a direction parallel to the second direction (D2). Additionally, the second discharge section (232) can transfer compressed air to the second-1 discharge section (232a) and the second-2 discharge section (232b), which will be described later.

[0106] The first discharge groove (230) may include a first-1 discharge section (231a), a first-2 discharge section (231b), a second-1 discharge section (232a), and a second-2 discharge section (232b). The first-1 discharge section (231a) may be located between the first-1 outer section (221a) and the first-2 outer section (221b). The first-2 discharge section may be located between the first-2 outer section (221b) and the first-3 outer section (221c). The second-1 discharge section (232a) may be located between the second-1 outer section (223a) and the second-2 outer section (223b). The second-2 discharge section (232b) may be located between the second-2 outer section (223b) and the second-3 outer section (223c). Each of the 1-1 discharge section (231a), 1-2 discharge section (231b), 2-1 discharge section (232a) and 2-2 discharge section (232b) can discharge compressed air outside the 1st plate (200).

[0107] The first dot portion (210) may include a plurality of dots (211, 212, 213). The dot may be a portion that protrudes further in the third direction (D3) than the first protrusion (220). Additionally, the dot may be a portion that comes into direct contact with the all-solid-state battery (10). The first dot portion (210) may be distinguished according to the protrusion where the dot is located. The first dot portion (210) may include a first-1 dot (211), a first-2 dot (212), and a first-3 dot (213). The specific structure of the first dot portion (210) will be described in detail in FIGS. 5a to 5c.

[0108] The first dot (211) may be located on the first outer protrusion (221). The first dot (211) may be located on the first outer part (221a), the first outer part (221b), and the first outer part (221c). That is, the first dot (211) may be located evenly distributed on the first outer protrusion (221). The first dot (211) may include a total of seven dots, but is not necessarily limited thereto and may consist of seven or more or seven or fewer dots. Multiple dots included in the first dot (211) may be attached to the first outer protrusion (221).

[0109] The first-2 dots (212) may be located on the first central protrusion (222). That is, the first-2 dots (212) may be located evenly distributed on the first central protrusion (222). The first-2 dots (212) may include a total of 9 dots, but are not necessarily limited thereto and may consist of 9 or more or 9 or fewer dots. Additionally, the first-2 dots (212) may include more dots than the first-1 dot (211). This may be because the first central protrusion (222) on which the first-2 dots (212) are located does not include an ejection groove or an ejection section. That is, compared to the first-1 dot (211), the first-2 dots (212) may have additional dots added to the area where the first-1 ejection section (231a) and the first-2 ejection section (231b) are located.

[0110] The first-third dot (213) may be located on the second outer protrusion (223). The first-third dot (213) may be located on the second-first outer part (223a), the second-second outer part (223b), and the second-third outer part (223c). That is, the first-third dot (213) may be located evenly distributed on the second outer protrusion (223). The first-third dot (213) may include a total of seven dots, but is not necessarily limited thereto and may consist of seven or more or seven or fewer dots. Multiple dots included in the first-third dot (213) may be attached to the first outer protrusion (221).

[0111] The first body part (240) may be located at the bottom of the first plate (200). The first body part (240) may serve to support the first protrusion (220), the first central protrusion (222), and the second protrusion (320). Additionally, the first body part (240) may serve to connect the first protrusion (220), the first central protrusion (222), and the second protrusion (320). Furthermore, the first body part (240) may refer to the portion of the first plate (200) excluding the first protrusion (220), the first central protrusion, the second protrusion (320), and the first dot portion (210).

[0112] The thickness of the first body portion (240) may be greater than the thickness of each of the first protrusion (220), the first central protrusion (222), and the second protrusion (320). This may be to withstand sufficient pressure when the all-solid-state battery is pressurized with the first plate (200).

[0113] The description of the first plate (200) described above in FIG. 4 may be substantially applied to the second plate (300). That is, the second plate (300) may include a second protrusion (320), a second body part (340, FIG. 8b), and a second dot part (310, FIG. 8b). Additionally, the second protrusion (321a, 321b, 321c, FIG. 8b) may have substantially the same shape as the first protrusion (220) described above in FIG. 4, with only the vertical position reversed. Furthermore, the same may apply to the second body part (340, FIG. 8b) and the second dot part (310, FIG. 8b).

[0114] FIGS. 5A to 5C are drawings showing a dot section of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of the M region of FIG. 4. FIG. 5A is also an enlarged perspective view of the first dot section (210, FIG. 4). The first dot section (210, FIG. 4) shown in FIG. 5A may be substantially the same as or identical to the first-1 dot (211, FIG. 4), the first-2 dot (212, FIG. 4), and the first-3 dot (213, FIG. 4). The first-1 dot (211, FIG. 4), the first-2 dot (212, FIG. 4), and the first-3 dot (213, FIG. 4) are intended to distinguish the region where the dot is located, and their structure and shape may be substantially the same as or similar to the first dot section (210, FIG. 4). Referring to FIG. 5a, the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) may include a first central portion (214), a first corner portion (215), and a first side portion (216).

[0115] The first central portion (214) may refer to the innermost region of the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4). Additionally, the first central portion (214) may be the part where the first plate (200, FIG. 4) and the all-solid-state battery first come into contact. Also, the first central portion (214) may be the part where the pressure applied by the first plate (200, FIG. 4) to the all-solid-state battery first acts. As shown in FIG. 5a, the first central portion (214) may be in the shape of a square with rounded corners. Additionally, the first central portion (214) may not be in the shape of a square but may be in the shape of a polygon, and may also be in the shape of a circle, but is not necessarily limited thereto.

[0116] The first corner portion (215) may be located at the edge of the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4). Referring to FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b, the cross-section of the first corner portion (215) may be curved. Additionally, the cross-section of the first corner portion (215) may have a constant radius of curvature. The first corner portion (215) may be the area that comes into contact after contacting the first central portion (214) when the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) comes into contact with the all-solid-state battery and applies pressure. Therefore, if the cross-section of the first corner portion (215) is not curved, unnecessary scratches may occur when the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) applies pressure to the all-solid-state battery. Furthermore, the occurrence of unnecessary scratches may cause tearing on the surface of the battery when the all-solid-state battery is pressurized. This may cause an increase in the defect rate during the manufacturing of the all-solid-state battery.

[0117] The first side portion (216) may be located on the side of the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4). That is, the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) may be in a form where the first side portion (216) and the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) surround the first central portion (214). The first side portion (216) may perform a role substantially identical or similar to the first corner portion (215) described above. Referring to FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b, the cross-sectional shape of the first side portion (216) may be a curved shape. Additionally, the first side portion (216) may perform the role of reducing unnecessary scratches when applying pressure to the all-solid-state battery with the first plate (200, FIG. 4).

[0118] FIG. 5b is a cross-sectional view of a first dot portion (210) according to an embodiment of the present invention. It will be described with a focus on the differences compared to the description of the first dot portion described above. Referring to FIG. 5b, the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) may include a first support portion (218). The first support portion (218) may perform the role of supporting the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4). The first support portion (218) may perform substantially the same role as the first body portion (240, FIG. 4) described above. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4, the first support portion (218) may be inserted into the first protrusion (220) and not protrude to the outside. That is, the first support portion (218) may be the part where the first dot portion (210) and the first protrusion (220) are connected. Additionally, the first support member (218) may be a part where the first dot member (210, FIG. 4) and the first plate (200, FIG. 4) are connected.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 5b, the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) may include a first contact portion (217) and a first support portion (218). The first contact portion (217) may include the first central portion (214), the first corner portion (215), and the first side portion (216) described above. That is, the first contact portion (217) may be an area that substantially comes into contact with the battery when the all-solid-state battery is pressed with the first plate (200). The first support portion (218) may be an area of ​​the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) excluding the first contact portion (217).

[0120] Referring to FIG. 5b, the height (H21) of the first contact portion may be equal to or smaller than the height (H22) of the first support portion. The height (H21) of the first contact portion may be equal to the length of the curved portion in the cross-section of the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4). Therefore, if the height (H21) of the first contact portion is large, the radius of curvature of the first corner portion (215) or the first side portion (216) may be small. Also, if the height (H21) of the first contact portion is small, the radius of curvature of the first corner portion (215) or the first side portion (216) may be large. If the radius of curvature of the first corner portion (215) or the first side portion (216) is large, the rate of unnecessary scratches that may occur in the area where the first dot portion (210) applies pressure to the all-solid-state battery with the first plate (200, FIG. 4) can be reduced. The total height of the first contact portion (H21) and the height of the first support portion (H22) may be equal to the second height (H2), which is the total height of the first dot portion (210).

[0121] Referring again to FIG. 5b, the first dot portion (210) may include a third width (T3). The third width (T3) may be substantially the same as the diameter of the first dot portion (210). The third width (T3) may be smaller than the first width (T1) and the second width (T2) described later in FIG. 6a and 6b.

[0122] FIG. 5c is a perspective view showing the shape of a first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5c, the first central portion (214) may be circular. If the first central portion (214) is circular, a separate first corner portion (215) may not exist. That is, the first contact portion (217) of the first dot portion (210, FIG. 4) may include the first central portion (214) and the first side portion (216).

[0123]

[0124] FIGS. 6a and 6b are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] FIG. 6a is a cross-sectional view of the first plate (200) shown in FIG. 4, cut along A-A'. FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view of the first plate (200) shown in FIG. 4, cut along B-B'. I will explain the differences mainly in comparison with the details described in FIG. 4.

[0126] Referring to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the first outer protrusion (221) and the first central protrusion may be spaced apart from each other by a first width (T1). Additionally, the second-1 outer part (223a) and the second-2 outer part (223b) may be spaced apart from each other by a second width (T2). Additionally, the first width (T1) may be equal to the width of the first discharge part (231). Additionally, the second width (T2) may be equal to the width of the second-1 discharge part (232a).

[0127] The larger the first width (T1) and the second width (T2), the greater the amount of air discharged from the first discharge section (231). Additionally, the larger the first width (T1) and the second width (T2), the fewer the number of first dot sections (210) located on the first outer protrusion (221).

[0128] Referring to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the density of the first dot portion (210) located on the first central protrusion (222) may be greater than the density of the first dot portion (210) located on the first outer protrusion (221) and the second outer protrusion (223). That is, the dot density of the first-2 dot (212) may be greater than the dot density of the first-1 dot (211) and the first-3 dot (213), respectively. This may be because the first central protrusion (222, FIG. 4) does not include a separate discharge groove or discharge portion. If the density of the first dot portion (210) on the first central protrusion (222, FIG. 4) is high, a dot pattern can be formed over a wider area when the all-solid-state battery is pressurized. If the density of the dot pattern is high, the temporary bonding can be performed more easily in the central area of ​​the all-solid-state battery. In other words, when the density of the dot pattern is high, the bonding force in the central region of the all-solid-state battery may increase. A detailed explanation of this will be provided later in Fig. 9.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 5b and FIG. 6a, the first dot portion (211, 212, 213) and the first protrusion portion (221a, 222, 223a) may each include a second height (H2) and a first height (H1). The first height (H1) may be greater than the second height (H2). Additionally, the first height (H1) may be 1 mm to 5 mm, 1.5 mm to 5 mm, or 1.5 mm to 3 mm. If the first height (H1) is smaller than 1 mm, the pre-bonding may not be easily performed. That is, if the first height (H1) is smaller than 1 mm, the dot pattern may be finely formed on the all-solid-state battery. If the dot pattern is finely formed on the all-solid-state battery, the pre-bonding force may be reduced. If a dot pattern is finely formed on a solid-state battery, separation between the positive and negative electrodes constituting the solid-state battery can easily occur. On the other hand, if the first height (H1) is greater than 3 mm, the depth of the dot pattern formed on the solid-state battery may increase. If the depth of the dot pattern formed on the solid-state battery is large, unnecessary scratches may occur in the area where the dot pattern is located. In addition, tearing may occur in the area where the dot pattern is located. This can cause an increase in the defect rate during the manufacturing of the solid-state battery.

[0130] The ratio of the height of the first dot portion (210) to the height of the first plate (200) may be 0.2 to 0.4. That is, the ratio of the second height (H2) to the first height (H1) may be 0.2 to 0.4. If the ratio of the second height (H2) to the first height (H1) is less than 0.2, the height of the first dot portion (210) is too small, so the temporary bonding may not be easily performed. Also, if the ratio of the second height (H2) to the first height (H1) is greater than 0.4, the defect rate may increase during the manufacture of an all-solid-state battery.

[0131]

[0132] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7, the all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention can press an all-solid-state battery (10) with a first plate (200) and a second plate (300). Additionally, the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) can press a laminate. The pressing may be a temporary bonding that temporarily presses the all-solid-state battery.

[0133] FIGS. 8a and 8b are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. When comparing FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b, the dot portion may be located on the first plate (200) or the second plate (300). Additionally, the dot portion may be located on each of the first plate (200) and the second plate (300). The dot portion located on the first plate (200) may be the first dot portion (210). Additionally, the dot portion located on the second plate (300) may be the second dot portion (310).

[0134] Referring to FIG. 8b, the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) may be parts that come into contact with each other on the all-solid-state battery (10). That is, the first dot portion (210) may come into contact with the lower surface of the all-solid-state battery (10). Also, the second dot portion (310) may come into contact with the upper surface of the all-solid-state battery (10). That is, the all-solid-state battery (10) may be simultaneously temporarily joined by the first dot portion (210) of the first plate (200) and the second dot portion (310) of the second plate (300).

[0135] Referring again to FIG. 8b, the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) may overlap perpendicularly to each other. Additionally, the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) may be located on the same straight line. More specifically, the first-1 dot (211) may be located on the first axis (X1) with the second-1 dot (311). Additionally, the first-2 dot (212) may be located on the second axis (X2) and the third axis (X3) with the second-2 dot (312). Additionally, the first-3 dot (213) may be located on the fourth axis (X4) with the second-3 dot. Each of the first axis (X1) to the fourth axis (X4) may be parallel to the third direction (D3). The second axis (X2) and the third axis (X3) may be spaced apart from each other by a fourth width (T4). The fourth width (T4) may be smaller than the first and second widths (T1, T2) described in FIG. 6a and 6b. Additionally, the fourth width (T4) may be larger than the third width (T3) described in FIG. 5b. When the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) overlap perpendicularly to each other, the points of application of the pressure applied to the all-solid-state battery by each of the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) may overlap perpendicularly to each other. When the points of application of the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) overlap perpendicularly to each other, the pressure applied to the all-solid-state battery can be applied more easily. Therefore, when the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) overlap vertically with each other, pressing or temporary joining can be performed more effectively.

[0136]

[0137] FIG. 8c is a cross-sectional view showing the pressing of an all-solid-state battery using an all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8c, the first plate (200) can press the upper surface of the all-solid-state battery (10). Additionally, the second plate (300) can press the lower surface of the all-solid-state battery (10). The all-solid-state battery (10) can be temporarily joined by the first plate (200) and the second plate (300).

[0138] Referring again to FIG. 8c, the all-solid-state battery (10) can be temporarily joined by the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310). As illustrated in FIG. 8c, the all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to the present invention can apply pressure to the all-solid-state battery (10) through the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310). That is, the area excluding the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310) may not apply pressure to the all-solid-state battery. However, it is not that there is no complete contact, and a minute pressure may be transmitted.

[0139] As illustrated in FIG. 8c, a dot pattern (DP, FIG. 9) can be formed on the solid-state battery by applying pressure to the solid-state battery (10) by the first dot portion (210) of the first plate (200) and the second dot portion (310) of the second plate (300), respectively. Additionally, a dot pattern can be formed on the solid-state battery even when pressure is applied to the solid-state battery in areas other than the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310). As illustrated in FIG. 8a, if the first dot portion (210) exists only on the first plate (200), a dot pattern (DP, FIG. 9) can be formed only on the lower surface of the solid-state battery (10). Conversely, if the second dot portion (310) exists only on the second plate (300), a dot pattern (DP, FIG. 9) can be formed only on the upper surface of the solid-state battery. Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 8b and 8c, when the first plate (200) and the second plate (300) each include a first dot portion (210) and a second dot portion (310), a dot pattern can be formed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the all-solid-state battery.

[0140] FIG. 9 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 9, a dot pattern (DP) formed by a first dot portion (210) or a second dot portion (310) may exist on the surface of the all-solid-state battery. Referring to FIG. 9, an all-solid-state battery manufactured by an all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a dot pattern (DP). Additionally, the all-solid-state battery illustrated in FIG. 9 may be a negative electrode current collector.

[0142] As illustrated in FIG. 9, the pattern density of the dot pattern (DP) may differ depending on the region. This may be because, as described above in FIG. 4, the number of first dot portions (210) located on the first outer protrusion (221), the second outer protrusion (223), and the first central protrusion (222) is different.

[0143] Referring again to FIG. 9, the dot pattern (DP) may include a first region (P1) and a second region (P2). The first region (P1) may be an area where the all-solid-state battery and the first outer protrusion (221) come into contact. Additionally, the second region (P2) may be an area where the all-solid-state battery and the first central protrusion (222) come into contact.

[0144] As illustrated in FIG. 9, the pattern density of the dot pattern in the first region (P1) may be smaller than the pattern density of the dot pattern in the second region (P2). The dot pattern located in the first region (P1) may be the first dot pattern. Additionally, the dot pattern located in the second region (P2) may be the second dot pattern. When the pattern density of the dot pattern in the first region (P1) is smaller than the pattern density of the dot pattern in the second region (P2), the temporary bonding of the second region (P2) can be performed more efficiently.

[0145] If the temporary bonding in the second region (P2) of the all-solid-state battery is performed more efficiently than the temporary bonding in the first region (P1), the all-solid-state battery can be pressurized more easily during the main pressurization process, which is a process following the temporary bonding. That is, if the temporary bonding is well done on the side portions of the all-solid-state battery but poorly done on the central portion, wrinkles may occur in the central portion of the all-solid-state battery during the main pressurization. If wrinkles occur in the central portion of the all-solid-state battery, the defect rate may increase during the manufacturing of the all-solid-state battery.

[0146] FIGS. 10a and FIGS. 10b are drawings showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery after temporary bonding. FIG. 10a is a drawing showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery after temporary bonding using the all-solid-state battery manufacturing device shown in FIG. 8a. As shown in FIG. 10a, a dot pattern may be formed only on the lower surface of the all-solid-state battery. The dot pattern formed in FIG. 10a may be identical to or similar to the shape of the first dot portion (210) shown in FIG. 8a.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 10b, when pressurized with the all-solid-state battery manufacturing device shown in FIG. 8b, a dot pattern can be formed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the all-solid-state battery. Referring to FIG. 10b, a dot pattern can be formed as shown in the third region (P3). The depth of the dot pattern formed on the all-solid-state battery may be substantially the same as or similar to the second height (H2). That is, the depth of the dot pattern formed on the all-solid-state battery may be substantially the same as or similar to the height of the first dot portion (210) or the second dot portion (310).

[0148]

[0149] FIGS. 11 to 13 are cross-sectional views of an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 11, an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a heating unit (400). FIG. 11 shows that the heating unit (400) is included in the first plate (200). Additionally, as shown in FIG. 13 which will be described later, the heating unit (400) may be included on the second plate (300). Also, although not shown, the heating unit (400) may be included in both the first plate (200) and the second plate (300), respectively.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 11, the heating unit (400) may include a coil portion (410) located inside the first dot portion (210) and configured to heat the first dot portion (210), a power supply portion (420) configured to supply power to the coil portion (410), and a heating control portion (430) configured to control the power supply portion (420).

[0152] The coil portion (410) may be included inside the first dot portion (210). That is, the coil portion (410) may perform the function of heating the first dot portion (210). The coil portion (410) may be included in at least one of the first dot portion (210) and the second dot portion (310, FIG. 8b). The coil portion (410) may be any means capable of heating the dot portion by releasing heat when power is supplied.

[0153] The power supply unit (420) can perform the role of supplying power provided by the heating control unit (430) to the coil unit (410). That is, the power supply unit (420) can perform the role of connecting the heating control unit (430) and the coil unit (410). The power supply unit (420) may be included in at least one of the first plate (200) and the second plate (300).

[0154] The heating control unit (430) can perform the role of supplying power to the coil unit (410). Therefore, any means capable of performing the role of supplying or controlling power can be used.

[0155] When power is supplied only to the dot portions (210, 310) by the heating unit (400), the amount of power consumed can be reduced compared to supplying power to areas other than the dot portions (210, 310). This may be because the energy required for heating can be reduced by reducing the area to be heated. In addition, the heating unit (400) can play a role in performing the temporary bonding more effectively by heating only the dot portions (210, 310).

[0156] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 12, the all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus may include an adsorption unit (500). The adsorption unit (500) may include an adsorption section (510) configured to adsorb a laminate or an all-solid-state battery, a main flow path (520) configured to suction or purge air inside the adsorption section, and an adsorption control section (530) configured to control the main flow path (520).

[0157] The adsorption portion (510) can perform the function of sucking in air to adhere the all-solid-state battery to the protrusion. Therefore, a plate having adsorption holes (511, 512a, 512b, 512c, 513) may not have a separate dot portion. If a dot portion is present, even if adsorption is performed through suction at the adsorption holes (511, 512a, 512b, 512c, 513), there may be a gap between the dot portion and the all-solid-state battery. This may be because proper adhesion may not be achieved due to such a gap. The adsorption holes (511, 512a, 512b, 512c, 513) are holes for sucking in air during suction, and any means capable of performing this function may be possible.

[0158] The main channel (520) can perform the function of supplying or discharging air to the adsorption holes. If air is discharged from the main channel (520), suction can be performed. Additionally, if air is supplied from the main channel (520), purging can be performed. Referring to FIG. 12, the adsorption holes may include a first adsorption hole (511) included in the first outer protrusion (221), a second-1 adsorption hole (512a), a second-2 adsorption hole (512b), and a second-3 adsorption hole (512c) included in the first central protrusion, and a third adsorption hole (513) included in the second outer protrusion (223). Each of the first adsorption hole (511) to the third adsorption hole (513) may be connected to the main channel (520).

[0159] The adsorption control unit (530) can discharge air from the main flow path (520) to the outside during suction. Additionally, the adsorption control unit (530) can supply air from the outside to the main flow path (520) during purging.

[0160] The adsorption unit (500) can perform suction when pressurizing or temporarily pressurizing the all-solid-state battery in the all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to embodiments of the present invention. This may be for a more efficient temporary bonding process by fixing the all-solid-state battery during temporary bonding.

[0161] Additionally, the adsorption unit (500) can purge the pre-bonded all-solid-state battery after the pressurization process is performed and remove it from the plate.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 13, an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention may include both a heating unit (400) and an adsorption unit (500). That is, the first plate (200) may include the adsorption unit (500) and the second plate (300) may include the heating unit (400), and the opposite case may also be possible.

[0163] FIG. 14 is a plan view of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 14, an all-solid-state battery manufactured by an all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a dot pattern (DP). Additionally, the dot pattern (DP) may be included in a tab portion (TB) of the all-solid-state battery. Additionally, the tab portion shown in FIG. 14 may be a negative electrode tab portion.

[0165] A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery according to the present invention may include assembling a laminate, fixing the assembled laminate, and pressing the fixed laminate.

[0166] Fixing the laminate may include temporarily pressing the laminate to temporarily bond it, and the temporary bonding may include forming a dot pattern on the laminate.

[0167] Additionally, fixing the laminate may include vacuum adsorbing the laminate. Vacuum adsorbing the laminate may include vacuum adsorbing with the adsorption unit (500) described above in FIG. 12.

[0168]

[0169] The all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention can be used in a process performed prior to the main pressurization in an all-solid-state battery manufacturing method. The main pressurization may refer to pressing the all-solid-state battery with a roll press or the like.

[0170] The all-solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention may be a device for temporarily pressurizing an all-solid-state battery before the main pressurization. The temporary pressurization may include temporarily bonding the all-solid-state battery. When the all-solid-state battery is temporarily bonded by forming a plurality of dot patterns, the pressurization process can be performed more efficiently than during the main pressurization.

[0171] Unlike a conventional temporary bonding process, when temporary bonding is performed while forming a dot pattern using the all-solid-state battery manufacturing device according to the present invention, the detachment of the temporary bonded area during the manufacturing process can be prevented. In other words, the temporary bonding strength can be improved by forming a dot pattern during temporary bonding. Therefore, the defect rate in all-solid-state battery manufacturing can be reduced through the formation of a dot pattern.

[0172]

[0173] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, the present invention may be implemented in other specific forms without altering its technical concept or essential features. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive.

[0174]

[0175] 100: All-solid-state battery manufacturing device

[0176]

[0177] 200: 1st plate 210: 1st dot section

[0178] 211: Dot 1-1 212: Dot 1-2

[0179] 213: Dots 1-3 214: Central part 1

[0180] 215: 1st corner section 216: 1st side section

[0181] 217: First contact part 218: First support part

[0182]

[0183] 220: 1st protrusion 221: 1st outer protrusion

[0184] 221a: 1-1 Outer Section 221b: 1-2 Outer Section

[0185] 221c: 1st-3rd outer sections 222: 1st central protrusion

[0186] 223: Second outer protrusion 223a: Second-first outer protrusion

[0187] 223b: Section 2-2 Outer Ring 223c: Section 2-3 Outer Ring

[0188]

[0189] 230: First discharge groove 231: First discharge section

[0190] 231a: Discharge Section 1-1 231b: Discharge Section 1-2

[0191] 232: 2nd discharge section 232a: 2-1st discharge section

[0192] 232b: 2-2 Discharge Section

[0193]

[0194] 240: 1st body part

[0195]

[0196] 300: Second plate 310: Second dot section

[0197] 311: Dot 2-1 312: Dot 2-2

[0198] 313: 2-3 dots 314: 2nd central part

[0199] 315: Second corner section 316: Second side section

[0200] 317: Second contact part 318: Second support part

[0201]

[0202] 320: Second protrusion 321a: Third-first outer perimeter

[0203] 322: Second central protrusion 323a: Fourth-first outer section

[0204]

[0205] 340: Second body part

[0206]

[0207] 400: Heating unit 410: Coil section

[0208] 420: Power supply unit 430: Heating control unit

[0209]

[0210] 500: Adsorption unit 510: Adsorption part

[0211] 511: 1st adsorption hole 512a: 2-1st adsorption hole

[0212] 512b: 2-2 Adsorption Hole 512c: 2-3 Adsorption Hole

[0213] 513: 3rd adsorption hole 520: Main Euro

[0214] 530: Adsorption control unit

[0215]

[0216] P1: Area 1 P2: Area 2

[0217] P3: Third Zone

[0218]

[0219] H1: 1st height H2: 2nd height

[0220] H21: Height of the first contact part H22: Height of the first support part

[0221]

[0222] T1: 1st width T2: 2nd width

[0223] T3: 3rd width T4: 4th width

[0224]

[0225] X1: 1st axis X2: 2nd axis

[0226] X3: 3rd axis X4: 4th axis

Claims

1. A first plate configured to press the lower part of the laminate; A second plate configured to press the upper part of the above-mentioned laminate; and It includes a dot portion provided on at least one of the first plate and the second plate and configured to press one area of ​​the laminate, and A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising a plurality of dots having a protruding shape, the above-mentioned dot portion.

2. In Paragraph 1, Each of the above plurality of dots is: A contact portion in contact with the above laminate; A support member supporting the above dot; and A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising a side portion located between the contact portion and the support portion and surrounding the contact portion.

3. In Paragraph 2, A solid-state battery manufacturing device having a curved cross-section of the above-mentioned side portion.

4. In Paragraph 1, The first plate above is: A body part configured to support the first plate; A protrusion positioned on the body portion and configured to apply pressure by directly contacting the laminate; and A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising a discharge section configured to discharge internal air when the first plate and the second plate pressurize the laminate.

5. In Paragraph 4, The above protrusion includes an outer protrusion located on the side of the body part and a central protrusion located in the center of the body part, The above discharge section includes a first discharge section located between the outer protrusion and the central protrusion, and a second discharge section located in a part of the outer protrusion. A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising a plurality of dots, the plurality of dots including a plurality of first dots located on the outer protrusion and a plurality of second dots located on the central protrusion.

6. In Paragraph 5, A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus in which the density of the plurality of second dots located on the central protrusion is greater than the density of the plurality of first dots located on the outer protrusion.

7. In Paragraph 5, A solid-state battery manufacturing device in which the width of the first discharge section is smaller than the width of the second discharge section.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above dot section is: A first dot portion provided on the first plate and partially in contact with the lower surface of the laminate; and It includes a second dot portion provided on the second plate and partially in contact with the upper surface of the laminate, A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus in which the first dot portion and the second dot portion overlap perpendicularly to each other.

9. In Paragraph 1, A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus in which the ratio of the height of the dot portion to the height of the first plate is 0.2 to 0.

4.

10. In Paragraph 1, A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus further comprising a heating unit configured to heat the above-mentioned dot portion.

11. In Paragraph 10, The above heating unit is: A coil portion located inside the dot portion and configured to heat the dot portion; A power supply unit configured to supply power to the above-mentioned coil unit; and A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising a heating control unit configured to control the above-mentioned power supply unit.

12. In Paragraph 1, A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus further comprising a suction unit for fixing the above-mentioned laminate.

13. In Paragraph 12, The above suction unit is: Adsorption holes configured to adsorb the above laminate; A main flow path configured to suction or purge air inside the adsorption hole; and A solid-state battery manufacturing apparatus comprising an adsorption control unit configured to control the above main flow path.

14. Assembling a laminate; Fixing the above-mentioned assembled laminate; and The method includes applying pressure to the above-mentioned fixed laminate, but, Fixing the above laminate includes temporarily pressing the laminate to temporarily bond it, and A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery, wherein the above-mentioned temporary bonding includes forming a dot pattern on the laminate.

15. In Paragraph 14, Fixing the above laminate is, A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery, further comprising vacuum adsorbing the above laminate.

16. In Paragraph 14, A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery, wherein pressing the laminate comprises performing roll presses on the laminate.

17. An all-solid-state battery manufactured according to Paragraph 14, wherein the all-solid-state battery comprises: A cathode including a cathode current collector; Anode comprising an anode active material layer and an anode current collector; and It includes a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, The above-mentioned cathode current collector includes a plurality of dot patterns.

18. In Paragraph 17, The above solid electrolyte layer comprises a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, in an all-solid-state battery.

19. In Paragraph 17, The above plurality of dot patterns are: A first dot pattern located in a first region which is a side of the above-mentioned negative current collector; and It includes a second dot pattern located in a second region, which is the center of the above-mentioned negative current collector, and A solid-state battery in which the pattern density of the first dot pattern is smaller than the pattern density of the second dot pattern.

20. In Paragraph 17, An all-solid-state battery in which the depth of each of the plurality of dot patterns is 1.5 mm to 3 mm.

Images