Cooperative communication method, device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present application provides a cooperative communication method, a device, and a storage medium. The method is applied to a first network device, wherein the first network device provides a communication serving cell for a terminal device, and the terminal device also accesses a communication cooperative cell. The method comprises: first determining a first cooperative timing strategy on the basis of target timing configuration information (S410), then adjusting the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperative cell on the basis of the first cooperative timing strategy (S420), and then providing cooperative communication services of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperative cell for the terminal device on the basis of the adjusted data transmission timing (S430).

Description

Collaborative communication methods, devices and storage media

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411433512.7, filed on October 14, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments of this application relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and in particular to a collaborative communication method, device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0004] Traditional cooperative communication technologies often rely on fixed or relatively simple strategies for timing management. However, fixed timing strategies are not only difficult to adapt to complex network environments but can also lead to uneven resource allocation and decreased communication efficiency, especially in scenarios where multiple cells work together (e.g., a serving cell needs to cooperate with multiple cooperating cells simultaneously) to provide communication services. In such cases, ensuring the scheduling time alignment between the serving cell and each cooperating cell is crucial to improving the success rate and efficiency of cooperation. It is worth noting, however, that these cooperating cells may be located under the same base station (same-site cell) or span different base stations (cross-site cell), and their transmission delays with the serving cell are often inconsistent, and these delays also dynamically adjust with changes in network conditions. In practice, using a single timing strategy cannot bring ideal cooperation gains to all cooperating cells. Therefore, how to flexibly determine the timing strategy for cooperative scheduling and improve the success rate of cooperation between the serving cell and cooperating cells is a critical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a collaborative communication method, device, and storage medium.

[0006] On one hand, embodiments of this application provide a cooperative communication method applied to a first network device, the first network device providing a communication service cell for a terminal device, the terminal device also communicating with a communication cooperative cell, the method comprising: determining a first cooperative timing strategy based on target timing configuration information; adjusting the data transmission timing of the communication service cell and the communication cooperative cell according to the first cooperative timing strategy; and providing cooperative communication services of the communication service cell and the communication cooperative cell to the terminal device according to the adjusted data transmission timing.

[0007] On the other hand, this application embodiment also provides a cooperative communication method applied to a second network device, the second network device providing a communication cooperative cell for a terminal device, the terminal device also accessing a communication service cell provided by a first network device, the method comprising: sending second timing configuration information to the first network device according to a timing configuration information acquisition request sent by the first network device; receiving a cooperative scheduling request sent by the first network device, wherein the cooperative scheduling request includes a first cooperative timing strategy, the first cooperative timing strategy being determined by the first network device according to the second timing configuration information and the first timing configuration information of the first network device, the cooperative scheduling request being used to request the second network device to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy; sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request, wherein the cooperative scheduling response being used to instruct the second network device to agree to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy; and adjusting the data transmission timing of the communication service cell using the first cooperative timing strategy to provide cooperative communication services with the terminal device by the first network device.

[0008] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide an apparatus, including: at least one processor; at least one memory for storing at least one program; and implementing the cooperative communication method as described above when at least one of the programs is executed by at least one of the processors.

[0009] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the cooperative communication method described above.

[0010] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including a computer program or computer instructions, the computer program or computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor of a device reading the computer program or computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer program or computer instructions to cause the device to perform the cooperative communication method as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a co-frequency cellular networking scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the collaboration between the serving cell and the cooperating cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of multiple cells cooperating in a COMP environment according to an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 4 is a flowchart of a collaborative communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a flowchart of step S420 in Figure 4 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a collaborative communication method provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a flowchart of step S620 in Figure 6 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 8 is a flowchart of timing strategy adjustment provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 9 is a flowchart of determining the target advance scheduling amount provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 10 is a flowchart of a collaborative communication method provided in yet another embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 11 is a flowchart of timing strategy adjustment provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic timing adjustment process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another dynamic timing adjustment process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating step S1030 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 15 is a flowchart of timing strategy adjustment provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 16 is a flowchart of another collaborative communication method provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical methods, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0028] It should be noted that although the flowchart shows a logical order, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown in the flowchart. In the description of the specification, claims, and the foregoing drawings, "multiple" means two or more; "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of terms such as "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0029] It is worth noting that after the widespread adoption of cellular networking in mobile communication networks, edge user areas face significant challenges, namely, interference caused by the edge overlap of uplink and downlink signals between co-frequency cells, which directly weakens the transmission performance of air interface services. Reducing co-frequency interference for edge users and improving service quality has become an urgent problem for network operators and equipment manufacturers. In one implementation, when a terminal device is located at the cell edge of a co-frequency network, it not only receives signals from the serving cell but also inevitably receives downlink interference signals from other non-serving cells, which interfere with the terminal's normal service execution. Simultaneously, uplink transmission is not limited to reception in the serving cell but may also interfere with surrounding non-serving cells. To address this, Coordinated Multipoint Transmission / Reception (COMP) technology has emerged. This technology is a multi-point joint transmission (downlink) and reception (uplink) technique. Its principle is to coordinate and process interference between different cells or base stations, either avoiding interference or converting interference into useful signals. Through interference coordination among multiple cells, interference between co-frequency network cells is suppressed or eliminated.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1, in a co-frequency cellular networking scenario, communication device UE1 and communication device UE2 are located in the edge overlap area of ​​serving cells Cell1, Cell2, and Cell3. When communication device UE1 accesses serving cell Cell1 and receives its downlink signal, it will also simultaneously receive signals from co-frequency cells Cell2 and Cell3, resulting in co-frequency interference. Similarly, when communication device UE2 accesses Cell2 and receives its downlink signal, it will also receive signals from Cell1 and Cell3, resulting in co-frequency interference. However, when Cell1, Cell2, and Cell3 perform COMP coordination, they can avoid interference signals or convert interference signals into useful signals, thereby achieving cooperative gains in air interface performance.

[0031] In wireless communication systems, when COMP technology is employed and its cooperation mode is fixed at a "1+1" configuration consisting of one serving cell and one cooperating cell, the significant performance improvement benefits from the close cooperation between these two Transmission Reception Points (TRPs). This "1+1" COMP cooperation mechanism achieves cooperative gain by optimizing the signal transmission and reception strategies between the two TRPs, thus bringing significant performance gains. To further extend the cooperative benefits, the 1+N COMP cooperation mode has been proposed, allowing one serving cell to dynamically cooperate with multiple cooperating cells. The communication device (UE) can dynamically select one or more optimal cooperating cells for COMP cooperation based on measurements to obtain even more significant cooperative gains. When multiple cells cooperate simultaneously, the scheduling time of the serving cell and multiple different cooperating cells should be aligned as much as possible to facilitate early frequency domain negotiation, reduce cooperation waiting and buffering, and improve the cooperation success rate. However, the multiple cells participating in the cooperation may be co-located cells or cross-location cells, and the transmission delay between the serving cell and different cooperating cells may be inconsistent and dynamically changing. Operations and maintenance personnel cannot obtain all transmission delays and fix a timing strategy for collaborative scheduling before the collaborative relationship is established.

[0032] Traditional cooperative communication technologies often rely on fixed or relatively simple strategies for timing management. However, fixed timing strategies are not only difficult to adapt to complex network environments, but can also lead to frequent data transmission conflicts, uneven resource allocation, and decreased communication efficiency. This is especially true in scenarios where multiple cells work together, such as when a serving cell needs to collaborate with multiple cooperating cells simultaneously to provide seamless communication services. In such cases, ensuring the scheduling time alignment between the serving cell and each cooperating cell is crucial, as this allows for advance frequency domain negotiation, reduces waiting time and buffering during collaboration, and thus improves the success rate and efficiency of collaboration. However, it's important to note that these cooperating cells may be located under the same base station (same-site cell) or span different base stations (cross-site cell). Their transmission latency with the serving cell is often inconsistent, and this latency dynamically adjusts with changes in network conditions. In practice, it's difficult for operations personnel to accurately obtain and fix all possible transmission latency at the beginning of the collaboration relationship. Therefore, using a single timing strategy may not bring the desired collaboration gains to all cooperating cells.

[0033] As shown in Figure 2, both the serving cell and cooperating cell 1 are located at base station 1. Interaction between these two cells occurs within base station 1, resulting in very low latency (e.g., less than 0.5ms). Base station 1, where the serving cell is located, is interconnected with cooperating cells 2 and N via transmission equipment (e.g., fiber optic cables, network cables, switches, etc.). Information exchange between cells requires traversing these interconnecting transmission devices. Because the transmission paths may differ, the number of transmission devices involved and their processing capabilities may also vary, leading to different transmission latencies. Furthermore, transmission latency is also affected by network congestion and therefore varies dynamically. For example, cross-site transmission latency may be less than 1ms, greater than 5ms, or even higher, potentially leading to transmission interruption.

[0034] In scenarios where both the serving cell and cooperating cell 1 are deployed at base station 1, the interaction between them achieves extremely low latency (typically less than 0.5 milliseconds), which greatly facilitates the instantaneous transmission and processing of information. However, when base station 1, where the serving cell is located, needs to communicate with remote cooperating cells 2 to N, the situation becomes more complex and variable. Information exchange between these cells relies on an interconnected network composed of diverse transmission equipment (such as optical fibers, network cables, and switches). Due to differences in transmission paths, the number of devices involved, their performance, and even the transmission paths themselves may vary, resulting in significant dynamic variations in transmission latency. It is worth noting that transmission latency can also be affected by network congestion, further exacerbating its uncertainty. During peak hours or when the network load is heavy, inter-site transmission latency may increase dramatically, for example, jumping from less than 1 millisecond to 5 milliseconds or even higher, and in extreme cases, may even lead to transmission interruptions.

[0035] Therefore, how to flexibly determine the timing strategy for collaborative scheduling under the complex and ever-changing conditions of the existing network, and improve the success rate of cooperation between serving cells and cooperating cells, is a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0036] To dynamically adjust timing strategies and improve communication efficiency and user experience, this application provides a cooperative communication method, device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product. First, a first cooperative timing strategy is determined based on target timing configuration information. Then, according to the first cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the serving cell and the cooperating cells is adjusted. The serving cell is set up by a first network device for a terminal device, and the terminal device also communicates with the cooperating cells, forming a multi-cell cooperative communication environment. After the timing adjustment, cooperative communication services between the serving cell and the cooperating cells can be provided to the terminal device based on the adjusted data transmission timing. This service not only fully utilizes the core resources of the serving cell but also cleverly integrates the advantages of multiple cooperating cells, forming a powerful communication synergy. Importantly, this application has the ability to dynamically adjust timing strategies, flexibly responding to continuous changes in the network environment and real-time adjustments to business needs. This flexibility ensures that the cooperation between the serving cell and the cooperating cells remains at its optimal state, significantly improving the cooperation success rate, reducing the risk of communication delays and interruptions, and thus significantly improving communication efficiency and user experience.

[0037] Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture for multiple cells to collaborate in a COMP environment according to an embodiment of this application. This architecture integrates a serving cell and cooperating cells 1 to N, each equipped with key functional modules to support efficient collaboration. In one embodiment, each cell system includes a configuration module, a scheduling module, and a demodulation module. These modules work together to ensure smooth COMP collaboration. In particular, the serving cell also adds a gain prediction module to further improve collaboration efficiency. The following is an explanation of these modules: Configuration module: Based on network planning and analysis, maintenance personnel can use the configuration module to configure COMP collaboration scheduling timing strategies, including whether to enable advance scheduling and the setting of the advance scheduling amount. The configuration of the serving cell will determine the timing strategy for initiating collaboration, and the configuration of the cooperating cells will determine the timing strategy for responding to collaboration. Scheduling module: Reads the parameters set by the configuration module, makes a comprehensive judgment and decision on the scheduling timing, and sends the timing information to the demodulation module. The serving cell scheduling module interacts with the cooperating cell scheduling module, collecting configuration information of the cooperating cells on the one hand, and transmitting the decided timing information to the cooperating cells on the other hand. Simultaneously, the serving cell scheduling module also collects statistical information such as transmission latency, number of edge users, and edge traffic volume of its own cell and cooperating cells, and sends it to the gain prediction module. Then, after receiving the optimal cooperating cell combination from the gain prediction module, it adjusts the scheduling timing. The gain prediction module: Based on the cooperation-related information sent by the serving cell scheduling module, it performs gain statistics and predictions under different scheduling timing strategies for each cooperation combination, and then provides the optimal cooperation combination and timing strategy, which is sent to the serving cell scheduling module. The demodulation module: After the serving cell and cooperating cells complete preprocessing such as channel estimation, the cooperating cell sends the channel status and data signals of the cooperating UE to the serving cell. The serving cell buffers and merges the data for demodulation to ultimately obtain the merged gain.

[0039] This application's embodiments are applicable to various application scenarios, such as intra-site COMP, cross-site COMP, and 1+1 COMP or 1+N COMP scenarios where intra-site / cross-site collaboration exists simultaneously. In one embodiment, intra-site COMP, also known as intra-site cooperative multipoint, refers to cooperation between multiple cells / sectors / access points (Cell / Section / AP) within a single site (e.g., a base station). Because it occurs within the same site, there are no limitations on backhaul capacity and latency, allowing for the exchange of large amounts of information between multiple cells. Intra-site COMP is primarily used to improve cell edge performance within a single site. Through coordinated transmission or reception by multiple cells, it can effectively improve the communication quality of cell edge users, thereby reducing intra-cell interference and improving spectrum efficiency. Cross-site COMP, also known as cross-site cooperative multipoint, refers to cooperation between multiple sites. Cross-site COMP is primarily used to improve cell edge performance within the coverage area of ​​multiple sites. Through coordinated transmission or reception by multiple sites, it can further expand the scope of improved communication quality. Intra-site / cross-site COMP refers to the existence of both intra-site COMP and cross-site COMP within the same network, with both working together to improve the overall network performance. By combining the advantages of intra-site and cross-site COMP, the network coverage and service quality can be comprehensively improved.

[0040] Referring to Figure 4, which is a flowchart of a cooperative communication method provided in an embodiment of this application, the cooperative communication method is applied to a first network device, wherein the first network device provides a communication service cell for a terminal device. In one embodiment, the terminal device can also communicate and interact with the communication cooperative cell. The method includes, but is not limited to, steps S410 to S430.

[0041] Step S410: Determine the first cooperative timing strategy based on the target timing configuration information;

[0042] Step S420: Adjust the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell according to the first cooperative timing strategy;

[0043] Step S430: Provide cooperative communication services between the communication service cell and the communication cooperation cell to the terminal device according to the adjusted data transmission timing.

[0044] In one embodiment, the first network device refers to the main base station, which, as the core device in the communication network, is responsible not only for providing basic communication service cells to terminal devices (user terminals), but also for advanced functions such as network management and resource scheduling. In one embodiment, the main base station, through wireless technology and an optimized network architecture, can provide stable and high-speed wireless access services to user terminals, supporting various service types such as data transmission and voice communication. Furthermore, the main base station possesses powerful processing capabilities and flexible configuration options to meet communication needs in different scenarios. As a user terminal, the terminal device can achieve real-time information transmission and interaction through the wireless communication connection established with the main base station. It is worth noting that user terminals are not limited to accessing communication service cells directly provided by the main base station; they can also further access communication cooperation cells. By accessing communication cooperation cells, user terminals can enjoy more diversified communication services, such as cross-site collaboration and resource sharing. These functional extensions not only improve the user's communication experience but also promote the optimized configuration and efficient utilization of network resources. It should be noted that a communication cooperation cell refers to a special area established to improve communication efficiency and user experience. It can be provided directly by the primary network device (main base station) (i.e., intra-site collaboration), or by terminal equipment or other base stations (i.e., cross-site collaboration). By optimizing network resource allocation and enhancing inter-network collaboration capabilities, collaborative communication cells can achieve seamless connection and efficient operation of communication services, helping to alleviate network congestion, reduce transmission latency, and improve communication quality, thus bringing users a smoother and more stable communication experience.

[0045] In one embodiment, the communication cooperation cell can be provided by a second network device (such as a cooperating base station or relay station). By working closely with the second network device, the first network device can ensure a high degree of consistency in time synchronization and timing strategies across devices. Under this cooperation framework, the target timing configuration information in step S410 consists of two parts: first, the first timing configuration information of the first network device (master base station), which covers the master base station's own signal transmission and reception times, frame structure, subframe arrangement, etc.; and second, the second timing configuration information obtained from the second network device, which reflects the time deviation and frame synchronization status of the cooperating devices in the network. When determining the first cooperative timing strategy based on the target timing configuration information, the first network device can first obtain the first timing configuration information and then obtain the second timing configuration information from the second network device, and then determine the first cooperative timing strategy based on the first and second timing configuration information. In one embodiment, the first network device can extract and understand its own timing configuration information from its internal system. Subsequently, through a pre-defined communication interface or protocol (such as an X2 interface, an S1 interface, or a proprietary communication protocol), the first network device can obtain the timing configuration information from the second network device. Once the timing configuration information of both parties is accurately obtained, the first network device will initiate an analysis process, comprehensively considering the correlation and differences between the first and second timing configuration information, including time deviation calibration, frame structure alignment, and resource usage coordination. Based on these analyses, the first network device can formulate a first collaborative timing strategy for cooperating with the second network device.

[0046] In one embodiment, during the process of determining the first cooperative timing strategy based on the target timing configuration information, the first network device comprehensively considers the timing configuration information of itself and the second network device when formulating the timing strategy. Simultaneously, it determines whether to initiate a cooperative scheduling request based on the periodically measured transmission delay to ensure the comprehensiveness and compatibility of the strategy. Subsequently, after receiving the timing strategy from the first network device, the second network device flexibly decides the cooperative method of resource blocks (RBs) based on its own timing configuration information. In one embodiment, there are two cooperative scenarios: one is to directly utilize the remaining RB resources to quickly respond to the cooperative request; the other is that, under resource constraints, cooperation can be facilitated primarily through RB negotiation between user devices. This scenario aims to increase the number of RBs that can participate in cooperation, thereby improving the success rate of cooperation and increasing cooperation gains. If this negotiation fails, the remaining RB resources can be used as an alternative cooperative solution. In one embodiment, if RB negotiation fails, cooperation is only carried out using the remaining idle RBs. This collaborative timing strategy is shown in Table 1. The serving cell timing configuration in the table represents the timing configuration information of the first network device, and the cooperating cell timing configuration represents the timing configuration information of the second network device. The threshold size of the base station is determined by its capacity. The table details the collaborative strategies and resource allocation methods under different conditions.

[0047] Table 1. Timing Strategy for Collaborative Relationships

[0048] It's important to note that advance scheduling is a proactive strategy employed by base stations to efficiently manage and allocate communication resources such as time and frequency, ensuring both efficient and orderly communication among multiple user devices. Compared to conventional scheduling methods, advance scheduling offers predictability in terms of time. In conventional scheduling scenarios, base stations allocate necessary communication resources to user devices based on real-time network conditions, user demand, and resource availability. Advance scheduling, however, requires base stations to plan and allocate communication resources for a future time period to user devices well in advance. The core purpose of implementing advance scheduling is to optimize network performance, improve resource utilization efficiency, and minimize communication latency. Through this strategy, base stations can manage network traffic more effectively, reduce resource conflicts, and lower user waiting times, thereby providing users with a more stable and efficient communication experience. It's worth mentioning that this predictability in the time domain complements the resource block (RB) allocation in the frequency domain. In practice, advance scheduling can set a specific threshold, such as three slots, as the condition for triggering the advance allocation of resources. When changes in network conditions, user demand, or resource availability are predicted to occur within the next three slots, the base station will schedule resources in advance to ensure communication stability.

[0049] In one embodiment, the following example illustrates the scenario in Table 1 where "the timing configuration of the communication serving cell is non-pre-scheduled, and the timing configuration of the communication cooperating cell is pre-scheduled amount <= threshold".

[0050] In a 1+1 COMP scenario, consider two adjacent cells: Cell A (serving cell) and Cell B (cooperating cell). User equipment (UE1) is located at the edge of Cell A and Cell B and requires COMP service to improve communication quality. Assume the advance scheduling threshold is set to two slots, and system resources are divided into multiple resource blocks (RBs) for frequency domain allocation of communication resources. The timing configuration and cooperation process is as follows: Cell A uses non-advance scheduling, meaning communication resources are allocated to UE1 in real-time based on current network conditions, UE1's needs, and resource availability. Cell B uses advance scheduling, with the advance scheduling amount less than or equal to two slots (the threshold). This means Cell B may plan and reserve communication resources in advance for a future period to respond to potential cooperation requests. When UE1 communicates at the edge of Cell A, it may experience communication quality degradation due to co-channel interference from Cell B. At this point, Cell A recognizes that UE1 needs COMP service and decides to initiate a cooperation request. Cell A, using non-pre-scheduled timing, initiates a cooperation request to Cell B based on current network conditions and resource availability. The request includes information such as UE1's communication needs, the required number of Resource Blocks (RBs), and the expected cooperation time. Upon receiving the cooperation request, Cell B determines whether it can respond to the request based on its own pre-scheduled timing and resource reservation. Since Cell B's pre-scheduled amount is less than or equal to the threshold (2 time slots) and it has reserved sufficient RB resources, it decides to respond to the cooperation request. Cell B uses its remaining RB resources to allocate corresponding communication resources to UE1 according to the information in the cooperation request and cooperates with it for transmission. Through cooperative transmission, Cell A and Cell B jointly provide services to UE1, effectively eliminating co-channel interference and improving communication quality.

[0051] In one embodiment, the first network device can formulate a timing policy based solely on its own timing configuration information, and determine whether to initiate a cooperative scheduling request based on the periodically measured transmission delay. Subsequently, the second network device, as a cooperating party, will provide a precise cooperative response based on the received timing policy. This cooperative mode can be called a cell-level timing policy, which emphasizes efficient collaboration between communication devices and ensures the orderly timing management of the entire communication network. Cell-level timing policies are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2. Cell-level Timing Strategy

[0053] In one embodiment, when formulating the timing policy for the first network device, both the coordination relationship-level timing policy and the cell-level timing policy can be configured simultaneously to ensure efficient and flexible network operation. In another embodiment, when both are configured, the coordination relationship-level timing policy is prioritized by default, meaning it has higher priority in the decision-making process. In other words, the coordination relationship-level timing policy is the dominant policy, and the cell-level timing policy is only used as a supplement when it is not explicitly configured or unavailable. It is worth noting that configuring the cell-level timing policy is mandatory to ensure that the network maintains basic timing synchronization and operational continuity under various scenarios.

[0054] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG5, when the first network device determines whether to initiate a cooperative scheduling request based on the periodically measured transmission delay, the process of step S420 may include, but is not limited to, steps S510 to S530.

[0055] Step S510: Send a cooperative scheduling request including a first cooperative timing strategy to the second network device, wherein the cooperative scheduling request is used to request the second network device to adjust the data transmission timing of the cooperative cells based on the first cooperative timing strategy;

[0056] Step S520: Receive a cooperative scheduling response sent by the second network device according to the cooperative scheduling request, wherein the cooperative scheduling response is used to instruct the second network device to agree to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cells based on the first cooperative timing strategy;

[0057] Step S530: Based on the cooperative scheduling response, adjust the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell using the first cooperative timing strategy.

[0058] In one embodiment, the first network device initiates a cooperative scheduling request based on the periodically measured transmission delay, aiming to ensure that data transmission between the two cells (serving cell and cooperating cell) can be carried out efficiently and synchronously, so as to reduce interference and improve network performance.

[0059] In one embodiment, in step S510, in the dynamic environment of the wireless communication network, the first network device periodically measures the transmission delay to accurately assess the current network status and communication efficiency. Once the transmission delay exceeds a preset threshold, or a potential communication bottleneck is anticipated, the first network device proactively takes action, sending a cooperation scheduling request to the second network device responsible for managing the cooperative communication cell. This cooperation scheduling request aims to reduce interference, improve bandwidth utilization, and ensure seamless and efficient collaboration between the cooperative communication cell and the area served by the first network device by finely adjusting the timing of data transmission. In one embodiment, the first network device explicitly requests the second network device to adopt and implement this first cooperation timing strategy to adjust the data transmission timing of its cooperative communication cell. This adjustment process will be based on mutually agreed standards and specifications, aiming to optimize the allocation of network resources, improve overall communication efficiency, and provide users with a smoother and more stable communication experience.

[0060] In one embodiment, upon receiving a cooperative scheduling request, the second network device evaluates the feasibility of the first cooperative timing strategy and its impact on the cooperating cells. If it deems the strategy helpful in improving overall network performance or meeting specific network requirements, the second network device agrees to the strategy and sends a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device, confirming that it will adjust the data transmission timing of the cooperating cells based on the first cooperative timing strategy. Once both parties reach an agreement on the cooperative timing strategy, the two communication devices can adjust the data transmission timing of their respective cells according to the strategy, thereby achieving a more efficient and coordinated communication process.

[0061] In one embodiment, upon receiving a consent response from the second network device, the first network device can begin adjusting the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell (provided by the first network device) according to a previously determined first cooperative timing strategy. This adjustment process may include changing parameters such as the data transmission start time, transmission rate, and power control to ensure synchronization and coordination with the data transmission of the cooperating communication cell.

[0062] In one embodiment, steps S510 to S530 constitute a complete cooperative scheduling process, wherein the first network device sends a cooperative scheduling request and receives a response, thereby ultimately achieving coordination and synchronization with the communication cooperative cell in terms of data transmission timing.

[0063] In one embodiment, in a wireless communication network architecture, the serving cell and the cooperating cell can be flexibly deployed. They can coexist within the same base station site to achieve intra-site cooperative multipoint transmission, where both may be provided independently by a first network device or a second network device. Alternatively, the serving cell and the cooperating cell can be distributed across multiple different base station sites, forming a cross-site cooperative multipoint transmission (cross-site COMP) scenario. In this scenario, the serving cell can be managed by the first network device, while the cooperating cell is managed by the second network device. It is worth noting that when a terminal device (such as a user equipment) simultaneously benefits from the communication services provided by both cells, pre-scheduling adjustments between sites are particularly important to maximize communication efficiency and quality. Referring to Figure 6, which is a flowchart of a cooperative communication method provided in another embodiment of this application, this cooperative communication method may also include, but is not limited to, steps S610 to S650.

[0064] Step S610: Obtain the first data transmission delay between the serving cell and the cooperating cell;

[0065] Step S620: Determine the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay;

[0066] Step S630: Adjust the first cooperation timing strategy to the second cooperation timing strategy according to the target advance scheduling amount;

[0067] Step S640: According to the second cooperative timing strategy, readjust the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell;

[0068] Step S650: Provide cooperative communication services between the communication service cell and the communication cooperation cell to the terminal device according to the readjusted data transmission timing.

[0069] In one embodiment, the communication serving cell is a small area primarily responsible for providing wireless communication services to user equipment (such as mobile phones, IoT devices, etc.). A communication cooperating cell refers to one or more auxiliary cells in a communication environment that work in conjunction with the user's primary serving cell (e.g., the communication serving cell) to improve communication efficiency and quality. Data transmission latency refers to the time required for data to be transmitted from the source cell to the target cell (including user equipment), including transmission latency, propagation latency, processing latency, and queuing latency.

[0070] In one embodiment, after obtaining the first data transmission delay, a target advance scheduling amount can be determined based on this delay value and a preset algorithm or strategy. This advance scheduling amount is to compensate for the delay during data transmission, ensuring that data arrives at the user equipment accurately and in a predetermined time order when multiple cells are cooperating in service. Determining the target advance scheduling amount requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as delay volatility, network load, and the receiving capability of the user equipment.

[0071] In one embodiment, the serving cell and the cooperating cell have flexible deployment options; they can selectively coexist under the same base station or be deployed in different base stations. It is worth noting that when these two cells are located at the same site, data transmission between them may achieve immediacy, meaning they may not be constrained by the first data transmission delay, thereby improving communication efficiency and real-time performance. Conversely, if they are distributed across different sites, data transmission delay will be introduced, and this delay may be variable due to various factors such as network conditions. For example, as shown in Table 3, when the serving cell and the cooperating cell coexist at the same base station and are intra-site neighbors, the delay between them may not exist. When the serving cell and the cooperating cell are deployed in different base stations, the target advance scheduling amount is related to the delay range between them.

[0072] Table 3. Comparison of Data Transmission Latency and Advance Scheduling Amount

[0073] It should be noted that the comparison data in Table 3 is for illustrative purposes only. During implementation, users can adjust the comparison table according to the capabilities of different base stations.

[0074] In one embodiment, in step S630, when adjusting the current collaborative timing strategy (first collaborative timing strategy) according to the target advance scheduling amount to form a new collaborative timing strategy (second collaborative timing strategy), the timing adjustment scheme most suitable for the target advance scheduling needs can be quickly located by querying the timing strategies in Table 1 or Table 2. This process not only improves the efficiency of adjustment but also ensures the pertinence and effectiveness of the new strategy (second collaborative timing strategy).

[0075] In one embodiment, after determining the second cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the serving cell and the cooperating cells can be further readjusted according to this new strategy. This may include updating the transmission schedules of each cell, adjusting the order and timing of data packet transmission, etc., to ensure that data can be transmitted smoothly according to the new timing strategy during cooperative communication.

[0076] In one embodiment, after the data transmission timing has been readjusted, cooperative communication services between the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell can be further provided to the terminal device (user equipment) according to the new timing strategy. It should be noted that during this process, COMP can continuously monitor the data transmission status and make fine-tuning adjustments as needed to ensure the stability and efficiency of the communication service.

[0077] In one embodiment, when determining the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of the first cooperating terminals and the proportion of the first cooperative negative gain withdrawal under the cooperative communication service of the serving cell and the cooperating cells can be calculated first. Then, the target advance scheduling amount is determined based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of the first cooperating terminals, and the proportion of the first cooperative negative gain withdrawal. The proportion of the first cooperating terminals reflects the percentage of terminals (user terminals) that simultaneously receive signals from two cells in the cooperative communication service. The proportion of the first cooperative negative gain withdrawal is the proportion of terminals that fail to benefit from cooperation due to increased signal interference or path loss caused by cooperation and instead choose to withdraw. The setting of the target advance scheduling amount aims to effectively compensate for or mitigate the adverse effects caused by factors such as transmission delay, the number of cooperating terminals, and negative gain withdrawal by planning the data transmission timing in advance, thereby ensuring the efficient operation of the cooperative communication service. It should be noted that after the serving cell successfully establishes a cooperative relationship with multiple cooperating cells, the base station can periodically perform statistical analysis on the performance indicators between the serving cell and all its cooperating neighboring cells within the framework of the cooperative relationship-level timing strategy and the cell-level timing strategy (i.e., the static timing strategy). These metrics include, but are not limited to, data transmission latency, the proportion of COMP users, and the proportion of users who drop out of cooperation due to the negative gain effect of COMP. Subsequently, the base station will calculate and set a target advance scheduling amount based on these detailed statistical results to ensure the synchronization, efficiency, and overall communication quality optimization of signal transmission.

[0078] In one embodiment, after the serving cell and the cooperating cell successfully establish a cooperative relationship, based on the static timing strategy, when the serving cell adopts a cell-level timing strategy, it can formulate its own timing strategy solely based on its timing configuration information, including but not limited to data statistical analysis and necessary timing adaptive adjustments. In one embodiment, the serving cell determines the target advance scheduling amount based on periodically measured data transmission delay, the proportion of cooperating terminals, and the proportion of cooperative negative gain withdrawals, and initiates a cooperative scheduling request by querying Table 2. Correspondingly, the cooperating cell can respond quickly, follow the advance scheduling amount information in Table 2, and efficiently cooperate to complete the cooperative scheduling task, achieving seamless connection and efficient collaboration between the two cells.

[0079] In one embodiment, when the communication serving cell adopts a cooperative relationship-level timing strategy, as shown in FIG7, the process of determining the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay in step S620 may include, but is not limited to, steps S710 to S740.

[0080] Step S710: Calculate the number of cooperating terminals under each cooperating cell combination;

[0081] Step S720: Among multiple cooperative cell combinations, identify the target cooperative cell combination where the number of cooperative terminals is greater than a preset threshold.

[0082] Step S730: Calculate the proportion of second cooperating terminals and the proportion of second cooperating negative gain withdrawal under the target cooperating cell combination;

[0083] Step S740: Determine the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of the number of second cooperating terminals, and the proportion of negative gain withdrawal of the second cooperation.

[0084] In one embodiment, a cooperative cell combination refers to a group of cells consisting of a serving cell and several cooperating cells, which improve network performance through cooperative communication. A cooperating terminal refers to a terminal that can simultaneously receive signals from the serving cell and at least one cooperating cell and benefit from them. In this step, all possible cooperative cell combinations can be determined based on network topology and cooperation strategies. These combinations may be constructed based on various factors such as geographical location, signal strength, and network load. For each terminal in the network, information on the source of the signals it can receive is collected, including parameters such as the signal strength and quality of the serving cell and each cooperating cell. Based on the collected terminal information, the signal quality received by the terminal from the serving cell and cooperating cells is compared, and factors such as terminal mobility and service requirements are considered to determine terminals that meet the conditions for cooperative communication. In one embodiment, if a terminal can simultaneously receive signals from the serving cell and at least one cooperating cell, and this cooperation brings performance improvements (such as increased data transmission rate and reduced bit error rate), then the terminal is considered a cooperative terminal. For each cooperative cell combination, the number of cooperating terminals included is counted. This can be achieved by iterating through all terminals and checking whether they belong to the cooperative terminals under the current cooperative cell combination.

[0085] It should be noted that in practical applications, the number of collaborative terminals may be a dynamic process, as factors such as the location of the terminals and the signal environment may change over time.

[0086] In one embodiment, in step S720, after calculating the number of cooperating terminals under each cooperating cell combination, a preset threshold can be set. This threshold can be determined based on factors such as service requirements and resource constraints. By traversing all cooperating cell combinations, those combinations with a number of cooperating terminals greater than the preset threshold are selected as target cooperating cell combinations. These combinations are considered to have high cooperation value.

[0087] In one embodiment, when the communication serving cell (assumed to be Cell1) is configured with a cooperative relationship-level timing policy, in steps S710 and S720, it is first necessary to count the number of COMP users (i.e., the number of cooperative terminals) in each cooperative cell combination related to Cell1. Then, only when the number of COMP users in a cooperative cell combination exceeds a preset threshold will that cooperative cell combination be confirmed as a target cooperative cell combination. Assuming there are three cooperative cells: cell1, cell2, and cell3, as shown in Table 4, for the (cell1, cell2) combination, the number of COMP users is 20. Assuming the threshold is 12, since 20 > 12, this combination is a target cooperative cell combination. For the (cell1, cell3) combination, the number of COMP users is 15, which is also greater than the threshold of 12, therefore it is a target cooperative cell combination. For the (cell1, cell4) combination, the number of COMP users is 10, which is less than the threshold of 12, and therefore it is not included in the target cooperative cell combination. For the (cell1, cell2, cell3) combination, although it includes more cooperating cells, the number of COMP users is only 10, which is less than the threshold of 12. Therefore, it is also not included in the target cooperating cell combination. In summary, under a given threshold (assumed to be 12), both (cell1, cell2) and (cell1, cell3) are target cooperating cell combinations. It should be noted that the threshold value is an adjustable parameter. It should be set according to various factors such as the actual network conditions, service requirements, and resource utilization to achieve optimal network performance and resource utilization.

[0088] Table 4. Statistics of COMP Users in Collaborative Community Groups

[0089] In one embodiment, for each target cooperative cell combination, two key ratios can be further calculated. In step S730, the second cooperative terminal number ratio refers to the proportion of cooperative terminals to the total number of serving terminals in the combination. The second cooperative negative gain exit ratio refers to the proportion of terminals that exit cooperative communication due to negative gains caused by cooperation (such as signal interference, increased path loss, etc.) to the total number of cooperative terminals in the combination. These two indicators together reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of cooperative communication.

[0090] In one embodiment, in step S740, the purpose of the target advance scheduling amount is to optimize resource allocation, reduce transmission latency, improve communication efficiency, and minimize the impact of negative cooperative gains during cooperative communication by planning data transmission timing in advance. The calculation method for the scheduling amount may vary depending on the network environment and service requirements.

[0091] Referring to Figure 8, which is a flowchart of timing strategy adjustment provided in an embodiment of this application. Under the premise that the serving cell and the cooperating cell have successfully established a cooperative relationship, based on the static timing strategy framework (covering cell-level and cooperative relationship-level timing strategies), if the serving cell adopts a cooperative relationship-level timing strategy, the determination of its target advance scheduling amount will follow the dynamic adjustment mechanism shown in Figure 9. During this process, when the cell-level semi-static timing adjustment period timer triggers a timeout event, the serving cell can periodically collect and analyze three key indicators: first, data transmission delay (shown as AvgXcDelay in Figure 9); second, the proportion of cooperative terminals (shown as COMP user proportion in Figure 9); and third, the proportion of cooperative negative gain exits (shown as COMP negative gain exit proportion in Figure 9). Based on the real-time feedback of the above three indicators, the serving cell can intelligently and dynamically adjust its advance scheduling amount, aiming to maximize communication performance and ensure efficient and stable data transmission. This process reflects the evolution from a static strategy to an adaptive adjustment strategy and can be called a semi-static timing strategy. This strategy, by introducing an adaptive adjustment mechanism, can effectively cope with dynamic changes in the network environment, providing support for continuous optimization and performance improvement of the communication network. In one implementation, the process of determining the target advance scheduling amount based on AvgXcDelay, COMP user percentage, and COMP negative gain exit ratio is shown in Figure 9. The adjustment process is as follows: First, verify the validity of AvgXcDelay. If AvgXcDelay is invalid, set AdvSchDelay to 0; if valid, proceed to the next step. Next, evaluate the validity of the COMP user percentage. If invalid, set AdvSchDelay directly to 1; if valid, further analyze the relationship between the COMP user percentage and the preset threshold A1. If the COMP user percentage is less than the threshold A1, check the validity of the COMP negative gain exit ratio and its relationship with the threshold A2, and decide whether to increase AdvSchDelay and reset the relevant ratios for a new round of statistics. If the percentage of COMP users is not less than threshold A1, then the relationship between the COMP negative gain exit ratio and another threshold A3 is analyzed. Combined with the current value of AdvSchDelay, it is determined whether to adjust AdvSchDelay and whether the ratio needs to be reset for new statistics. In one implementation, when the percentage of COMP users is less than threshold A1, it is determined whether the COMP negative gain exit ratio is invalid. If invalid, AdvSchDelay remains unchanged; if valid, it is further determined whether the COMP negative gain exit ratio is less than threshold A2.If the COMP negative gain exit ratio is not less than threshold A2, AdvSchDelay remains unchanged. If the COMP negative gain exit ratio is less than threshold A2, it is further determined whether AdvSchDelay is the maximum value. If yes, AdvSchDelay remains unchanged; otherwise, AdvSchDelay is incremented by 1, and both the COMP user percentage and the COMP negative gain exit ratio are invalidated and recalculated. When the COMP user percentage is not less than threshold A1, it is further determined whether the COMP negative gain exit ratio is greater than threshold A3. If no, AdvSchDelay remains unchanged; if yes, it is further determined whether AdvSchDelay is equal to zero. If AdvSchDelay is equal to zero, it remains unchanged; if AdvSchDelay is not equal to zero, AdvSchDelay is incremented by 1, and both the COMP user percentage and the COMP negative gain exit ratio are invalidated and recalculated. It is worth noting that the entire process of adjusting the advance scheduling amount begins with the static timing strategy, but each round of adjustment is based on the result of the timing strategy after the previous round of adjustment, ensuring that the communication system can maintain efficient and stable operation in a complex and ever-changing network environment.

[0092] It should be noted that when the serving cell periodically calculates the AvgXcDelay, COMP user ratio, and COMP negative gain exit ratio between the serving cell and each cooperating neighbor, the size of the cell-level semi-static timing adjustment period timer can be configured according to the specific needs of the network and the real-time requirements of the statistical data.

[0093] In one embodiment, the number of cooperating cells in the communication network is highly flexible. It can be a cooperative pair consisting of a single cooperating cell and a serving cell (i.e., a 1+1 COMP cooperative mode), demonstrating basic cooperative efficiency; or it can be extended to multiple cooperating cells, forming a complex cooperative network with the serving cell (i.e., a 1+N COMP cooperative mode). These multiple cooperating cells and serving cells construct a series of complex cooperative cell combinations (i.e., 1+N COMP cooperation), each combination working together in its unique way to provide users with broader and more efficient communication services. This multi-cell cooperative mode not only enhances network coverage and capacity but also significantly improves communication reliability and stability by optimizing resource allocation and signal transmission strategies. Therefore, when considering data transmission latency and target advance scheduling, the combined impact of multiple cooperative cell combinations must be fully considered to ensure the overall performance of the cooperative communication system reaches its optimal level.

[0094] In one embodiment, under the 1+1 COMP cooperation mode, the serving cell can apply the advance scheduling adjustment process shown in Figure 9 to calculate the target advance scheduling amount. Then, it initiates a cooperation request by querying Table 1 (the cooperation relationship-level timing strategy table). Upon receiving the cooperation request, the cooperating cell will query Table 1 according to its configured advance scheduling amount (no semi-static offset adjustment is performed here to maintain consistency with the serving cell's request) to obtain the corresponding response parameters and strategies, and respond to the cooperation request accordingly.

[0095] In one embodiment, under the 1+N COMP cooperation mode, step S730 can be divided into two stages: In the first stage, the first advance scheduling amount for each target cooperative cell combination is determined based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of second cooperative terminals, and the proportion of negative cooperative exits. This process aims to ensure that each combination can obtain a preliminary and reasonable scheduling arrangement according to its specific network conditions and performance requirements. In the second stage, the target advance scheduling amount is calculated based on the first advance scheduling amounts of all target cooperative cell combinations. The purpose of this stage is to find a scheduling strategy that can balance the needs of each combination and optimize the overall network performance from a global perspective. Through such a two-stage processing flow, not only is it ensured that each target cooperative cell combination receives personalized attention and optimization, but also a comprehensive control and optimization of the entire network scheduling strategy is achieved.

[0096] In one embodiment, under the 1+N COMP cooperation mode, for each target cooperating cell that establishes a cooperative relationship with the serving cell, the advance scheduling amount adjustment process shown in Figure 9 can be applied independently to calculate the advance scheduling amount for each target cooperating cell. Then, according to formula (1), these independently calculated advance scheduling amounts are summarized to obtain the target advance scheduling amount for the entire cooperative combination. Subsequently, the serving cell will initiate a cooperation request by querying Table 1 based on the summarized target advance scheduling amount. Finally, after receiving the cooperation request, each cooperating cell will query Table 1 according to its configured advance scheduling amount (no semi-static offset adjustment is performed here to maintain consistency with the serving cell's request) to obtain the corresponding response parameters and strategies, and respond to the cooperation request accordingly. This process ensures accurate synchronization and efficient cooperation between the cooperating parties in time scheduling, thereby improving the performance and stability of the entire communication system.

[0097] Where N represents the number of target cooperating cells, M represents the aggregated advance scheduling amount, and p i Let q represent the advance scheduling amount for the i-th target cooperative cell. irepresents the number of COMP users under the i-th collaboration relationship, k represents the number of COMP users under the communication serving cell, and ceil() represents the round-up function.

[0098] Referring to Figure 10, which is a flowchart of a cooperative communication method provided in another embodiment of this application. When there are multiple cooperative communication cells, the multiple cooperative communication cells and the communication serving cell form multiple cooperative cell combinations; the cooperative communication method may also include, but is not limited to, steps S1010 to S1050.

[0099] Step S1010: Calculate the estimated signal gain of each cooperating cell combination for the terminal device;

[0100] Step S1020: Determine the optimal cooperative cell combination among multiple cooperative cell combinations based on the signal gain prediction;

[0101] Step S1030: Determine the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination;

[0102] Step S1040: Adjust the data transmission timing of the optimal cooperative cell combination according to the third cooperative timing strategy;

[0103] Step S1050: Provide cooperative communication services with the optimal combination of cooperative cells to the terminal device according to the adjusted data transmission timing.

[0104] In one embodiment, the signal gain estimate refers to the estimated signal strength enhancement that the combined signal transmission of multiple cooperating cells to a single user terminal in a cooperative communication system can provide. This estimate reflects the degree of signal quality improvement achieved by cooperative communication compared to non-cooperative communication.

[0105] In one embodiment, the calculation of the signal gain estimate typically involves multiple factors, including but not limited to: Path loss: Signals attenuate due to distance, obstacles, and other factors as they propagate through space. Path loss is a crucial parameter describing this attenuation. In cooperative communication, the path loss from each cooperating cell to the user terminal needs to be considered. Antenna gain: The design and configuration of the antenna affect the signal's radiation and reception efficiency. Antenna gain is a key indicator describing antenna performance. In cooperative communication, the antenna gains of both the cooperating cell and the user terminal affect the signal gain estimate. Transmit power: The transmit power of the cooperating cell determines the signal's propagation capability in space. Higher transmit power allows for wider signal coverage but also increases interference to other users. Multipath effects and shadowing fading: Signals may encounter multipath effects such as reflection and scattering during propagation, as well as shadowing fading due to obstacles. These factors all affect the signal reception quality. Inter-cell interference: In cooperative communication, signals from different cooperating cells may interfere with each other, affecting the user terminal's reception performance. Therefore, the impact of inter-cell interference also needs to be considered when calculating the signal gain estimate. Channel coding and modulation: The choice of channel coding and modulation also affects signal transmission efficiency and reception quality. In cooperative communication, a reasonable design of channel coding and modulation can further improve the estimated signal gain.

[0106] In one embodiment, after obtaining the estimated signal gain of all cooperating cell combinations for the terminal device, the optimal cooperating cell combination can be selected based on preset evaluation criteria (such as maximum signal gain, minimum interference level, optimal energy efficiency ratio, etc.). This step ensures that subsequent cooperative communication services can be performed based on optimal network conditions. It is worth noting that the selection of the optimal cooperating cell combination is not static. With the movement of user terminals, changes in the network environment, and adjustments to system configuration, the optimal cooperating cell combination may change. Typically, it is necessary to dynamically monitor and evaluate the performance of each cooperating cell combination and adjust the selection of the optimal cooperating cell combination as needed.

[0107] In one embodiment, after selecting the optimal combination of cooperating cells, the cooperative timing strategy under that combination can be further determined. This includes the synchronization mechanism, time allocation, and resource scheduling of data transmission between the cooperating cells. The design of the cooperative timing strategy should aim to maximize resource utilization efficiency while reducing interference, ensuring smooth and efficient data transmission.

[0108] In one embodiment, in step S1040, the data transmission timing of each cell within the optimal cooperative cell combination can be specifically adjusted according to the cooperative timing strategy determined in the previous step. For example, the transmit and receive time windows of each cell can be set, and power control parameters can be adjusted to ensure that the cooperation between cells can be closely coordinated, thereby achieving data transmission synchronization and coordination.

[0109] In one embodiment, in step S1050, each cooperating cell will transmit data according to a predetermined timing strategy to ensure that the terminal device can receive high-quality signals from multiple cells, thereby achieving better communication performance and user experience.

[0110] Referring to Figure 11, which is a flowchart of timing policy adjustment provided in another embodiment of this application. Under the premise that the serving cell and cooperating cells have successfully established a cooperative relationship, initial scheduling timings can be allocated to each serving cell and its cooperative relationship according to the static timing policy framework. These timing parameters are fixed and aim to maintain the basic operation and performance baseline of the network. While keeping the static timing policy framework unchanged, dynamic timing adjustments can be made to the user equipment (UE) periodically. This adjustment process mainly includes the following key steps: periodically collecting and analyzing UE-related performance data, such as data transmission rate, latency, and signal strength; based on the collected data, estimating the performance gains that timing adjustments to the UE may bring, including improving data transmission efficiency and reducing interference; and dynamically adjusting the cell combination participating in COMP cooperation according to the estimated gain information to optimize the cooperation effect. After adjusting the cooperative cell combination, a timing policy (third cooperative timing policy) suitable for the current scenario can be determined based on the new cooperative relationship.

[0111] In one embodiment, Figures 12 and 13 detail the dynamic timing adjustment process for a terminal device (UE) that is a Cooperative Multipoint User Equipment (COMP UE). This process aims to flexibly adjust communication efficiency based on the UE's state. In the non-COMP UE scenario shown in Figure 12, when the UE-level dynamic timing adjustment period timer triggers a timeout event, the estimated signal gain of each cooperative cell combination (i.e., neighbor cell combination) for the UE is first evaluated and obtained. Then, the neighbor cell combination with a gain greater than 0 and the largest gain is selected. Further judgment is made regarding this selection: if the selected neighbor cell combination is a 1+N combination, the UE adapts to the 1+N COMP mode and selects the optimal timing configuration from the semi-static timing strategy based on this mode. If it is not a 1+N combination but a 1+1 neighbor cell combination, the same operation of adapting to 1+N COMP and selecting the best timing strategy is performed. If none of the above conditions are met, and the UE remains in a non-COMP state, the optimal timing configuration in the semi-static timing strategy is directly adopted. In the COMP UE scenario depicted in Figure 13, the process is slightly different. Similarly, after selecting the neighbor cell combination with the optimal gain and a value greater than 0, a further check is performed: if the gain of this combination exceeds the gain of the current cooperating neighbor cells for three consecutive cycles, then this combination is confirmed as a new cooperating neighbor cell. Subsequently, depending on whether a 1+N or 1+1 neighbor cell combination is selected, the UE adaptively switches to the 1+N COMP mode and selects the best timing strategy from the semi-static timing strategy. If the gain does not exceed the target for three consecutive cycles, the system will further evaluate whether the current neighbor cell combination continuously exhibits negative gain. If so, the UE falls back to the non-COMP state and selects the optimal timing strategy from the semi-static timing strategy. If not, the current neighbor cell combination and its corresponding timing strategy remain unchanged. Through the above process, the timing strategy can be dynamically adjusted based on the actual state of the UE and the performance of the cooperating cell combination, thereby optimizing communication efficiency and stability.

[0112] It should be noted that the UE-level dynamic timing adjustment period timer can also be configured according to the specific network requirements and the real-time requirements of statistical data. However, the cell-level semi-static timing adjustment period timer needs to be larger than the UE-level dynamic timing adjustment period timer, with a certain gap. For example, the cell-level semi-static timing adjustment period timer should be at least 10 times larger than the UE-level dynamic timing adjustment period timer. Furthermore, UE-level dynamic timing adjustment relies on gain statistics and prediction, requiring the accumulation of basic data. Therefore, its timer period should not be too small to accumulate sufficient basic data.

[0113] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG14, the process of determining the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination in step S1030 may include, but is not limited to, steps S1410 to S1440.

[0114] Step S1410: Obtain the second data transmission delay of the optimal cooperative cell combination;

[0115] Step S1420: Calculate the proportion of third cooperative terminals and the proportion of third cooperative negative gain withdrawal under the optimal cooperative cell combination;

[0116] Step S1430: Determine the second advance scheduling amount based on the second data transmission delay, the proportion of the number of third cooperative terminals, and the proportion of third cooperative negative gain exit.

[0117] Step S1440: Determine the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination based on the second advance scheduling amount.

[0118] In one embodiment, the second data transmission delay refers to the delay in data transmission during a data transfer process when an optimal cooperating cell combination (i.e., a group of cells that can provide the best communication quality to the user) is selected in a cooperative communication system. In one embodiment, the second data transmission delay may include propagation delay, transmission delay, processing delay, and queuing delay. It is worth noting that the second data transmission delay should be relatively small for the optimal cooperating cell combination, as this combination has been selected through some optimization algorithm or strategy to provide the best communication quality.

[0119] In one embodiment, the third cooperative terminal ratio refers to the proportion of terminals participating in cooperation to the total number of terminals in the optimal cooperative cell combination. A higher ratio indicates more participating terminals and a higher degree of cooperative communication adoption. This indicator is significant for evaluating the coverage and user engagement of a cooperative communication system. In practical applications, this ratio can be obtained through system monitoring, user feedback, or test data. The third cooperative negative gain exit ratio refers to the proportion of terminals that exit cooperation due to poor cooperation performance (such as decreased signal quality or increased latency) to the initial number of participating terminals. A lower ratio indicates better stability of the cooperation effect and higher user satisfaction. In practical applications, this ratio can also be obtained through system monitoring, user feedback, or test data. It is worth noting that due to the complexity and dynamism of the wireless communication environment, the cooperative negative gain exit ratio may be affected by various factors, such as weather conditions, building obstruction, and user movement. By monitoring and analyzing these two indicators, we can understand the performance of the cooperative communication system in terms of coverage, user engagement, reliability, and user experience, providing a basis for system optimization and improvement.

[0120] In one embodiment, the second advance scheduling amount refers to the amount of resource allocation or signal processing performed in advance before data transmission to optimize the cooperation process. It aims to reduce transmission latency, improve cooperation efficiency, and reduce the risk of negative gain exit. During step S1430, the relationship between the second data transmission latency and the proportion of the third cooperative terminals can be evaluated first. Generally, as the number of cooperative terminals increases, the complexity and latency of data transmission may increase, so a reasonable threshold for the number of cooperative terminals needs to be set to effectively exclude cooperative combinations with a small number of cooperative user devices. This threshold is set to balance the complexity and latency of data transmission, ensuring efficient and stable data transmission in cooperative communication scenarios. Subsequently, the impact of the third cooperative negative gain exit ratio on system stability is analyzed. Generally, a high negative gain exit ratio may indicate a problem with the cooperation strategy, requiring adjustment. Advance scheduling can reduce terminal exits due to poor cooperation performance. Next, the objectives of advance scheduling are clarified, such as reducing total transmission latency, improving cooperation success rate, and reducing the negative gain exit ratio. Based on the analysis results of latency, the number of cooperative terminals, and the negative gain exit ratio, an advance scheduling strategy is formulated.

[0121] In one embodiment, the cooperative timing strategy typically includes the timing of signal transmission and reception, synchronization mechanisms, and resource allocation schemes. Based on the second advance scheduling amount, a basic framework for cooperative timing can be initially determined, including the roles and timing relationships of each cell in the cooperation process. The second advance scheduling amount is incorporated into the formulation of the cooperative timing strategy. This may require adjusting the advance amount of signal transmission, reserving additional synchronization time, and optimizing resource allocation to match the needs of advance scheduling, etc.

[0122] It should be noted that the process of step S1430 is similar to that of step S730. You can refer to the implementation process of step S730 mentioned above, which will not be repeated here.

[0123] In one embodiment, the timing policy adjustment process shown in Figures 8 and 11 is combined. Through steps such as establishing a cooperative relationship, semi-static timing adjustment at the cell level, dynamic timing adjustment at the user equipment (UE) level, and periodic timer verification, more flexible and precise control of the timing policy can be achieved. This process aims to ensure that the cooperation between the serving cell and its cooperating cells is always in an optimal state, thereby significantly improving the success rate of cooperation. As shown in Figure 15, after the serving cell and the cooperating cell have successfully established a cooperative relationship, the process then enters the semi-static timing adjustment stage at the cell level. Once this stage of adjustment is successfully completed, the process will transition to the dynamic timing adjustment stage at the UE level. It is worth noting that the timing policy adjustment process depicted in Figure 15 is consistent with the previous descriptions of Figures 8 and 11 in its core logic. For details of the process in Figure 15, please refer to the detailed explanations of Figures 8 and 11 above; to avoid repetition, they will not be discussed further here.

[0124] Referring to Figure 16, which is a flowchart of another cooperative communication method provided in one embodiment of this application, the cooperative communication method is applied to a second network device, wherein the second network device provides a communication cooperative cell for a terminal device. In one embodiment, the terminal device also accesses a communication service cell provided by a first network device. The method includes, but is not limited to, steps S1610 to S1640.

[0125] Step S1610: Based on the timing configuration information acquisition request sent by the first network device, send the second timing configuration information to the first network device;

[0126] Step S1620: Receive a cooperative scheduling request sent by the first network device, wherein the cooperative scheduling request includes a first cooperative timing strategy, the first cooperative timing strategy is determined by the first network device according to the second timing configuration information and the first timing configuration information of the first network device, and the cooperative scheduling request is used to request the second network device to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy;

[0127] Step S1630: Send a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request, wherein the cooperative scheduling response is used to instruct the second network device to agree to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cells based on the first cooperative timing strategy;

[0128] Step S1640: Adjust the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell using the first cooperative timing strategy to provide cooperative communication services to the terminal device with the first network device.

[0129] In one embodiment, step S1610 aims to inform the first network device about the timing configuration of the second network device in order to formulate a subsequent cooperative timing strategy. In one embodiment, when the first network device initiates a timing configuration information acquisition request, the second network device responds to this request by sending its current timing configuration information (i.e., second timing configuration information). This information may include the current operating status of the cooperating cell, the data transmission period, time offset, etc.

[0130] In one embodiment, the first network device formulates a cooperative timing strategy (i.e., a first cooperative timing strategy) based on the second timing configuration information and its own first timing configuration information, and sends it to the second network device through a cooperative scheduling request. The second network device receives this cooperative scheduling request and parses out the first cooperative timing strategy. This strategy may include data transmission synchronization points, data transmission priorities, resource allocation schemes, etc., aiming to optimize the cooperative efficiency between the second network device and the first network device.

[0131] In one embodiment, step S1630 aims to confirm that the second network device agrees to adjust the data transmission timing of its cooperative cells according to the first cooperative timing strategy. After receiving the cooperative scheduling request, the second network device evaluates the feasibility of the request and its impact on system performance. If it considers the strategy feasible and beneficial to improving the cooperative effect, it sends a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device, indicating its agreement to adjust according to the first cooperative timing strategy.

[0132] In one embodiment, step S1640 aims to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperation cell provided by the second network device according to the first cooperation timing strategy, so as to ensure smooth cooperation with the first network device and thus improve the communication quality of the terminal device. The second network device adjusts relevant parameters (such as data transmission start time, transmission rate, power, etc.) of its communication cooperation cell according to the first cooperation timing strategy to ensure that cooperation with the first network device proceeds according to the predetermined timing. Thus, when the terminal device simultaneously accesses the serving cell of the first network device and the cooperating cell of the second network device, it can enjoy a more stable and efficient communication service.

[0133] In one embodiment, when the second network device sends a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request, it can select remaining resource blocks from the resource blocks currently not occupied by the terminal device, based on the specific content of the cooperative scheduling request, and use these remaining resource blocks to send the response. These remaining resource blocks refer to those not currently occupied by the communication session between the second network device and the terminal device, and can be used for other purposes (such as sending a cooperative scheduling response). This approach not only ensures the timely delivery of the cooperative scheduling response but also effectively manages and utilizes limited communication resources, avoids resource conflicts, and improves overall communication efficiency.

[0134] In one embodiment, the process of responding to a cooperative scheduling request and sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device also incorporates a negotiation phase with the terminal device regarding the use of resource blocks, aiming to ensure the efficiency and rationality of resource allocation. In one embodiment, based on the cooperative scheduling request, negotiation is first conducted with the terminal device regarding the use of resource blocks to obtain a negotiation result. Then, based on the negotiation result, a cooperative scheduling response is sent to the first network device using the target resource block, thereby ensuring that each resource is used efficiently and rationally.

[0135] In one embodiment, during the process of sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device using the target resource block according to the negotiation result, when the negotiation result is successful, the resource block used by the second network device to communicate with the terminal device can be used to send a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device; when the negotiation result is unsuccessful, the remaining resource block can be used to send a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device, wherein the remaining resource block is the remaining resource of the second network device.

[0136] In addition, one embodiment of this application discloses an apparatus including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the cooperative communication method as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0137] Additionally, one embodiment of this application discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the cooperative communication method as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0138] Furthermore, one embodiment of this application discloses a computer program product, including a computer program or computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor of a device reads the computer program or computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program or computer instructions to cause the device to perform the cooperative communication method as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0139] In this embodiment, a first cooperative timing strategy is first determined based on the target timing configuration information. Then, according to the first cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the serving cell and the cooperating cell is adjusted. The serving cell is set up by the first network device for the terminal device, and the terminal device also communicates with the cooperating cell, forming a multi-cell cooperative communication environment. After the timing adjustment, cooperative communication services between the serving cell and the cooperating cell can be provided to the terminal device based on the adjusted data transmission timing. This embodiment has the ability to dynamically adjust the timing strategy, flexibly responding to continuous changes in the network environment and real-time adjustments to service requirements. This ensures that the cooperation between the serving cell and the cooperating cell remains at its optimal state, significantly improving the cooperation success rate, communication efficiency, and user experience.

[0140] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or some of the steps and systems in the methods disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components can be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which can include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media). As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, as is known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0141] The above describes several embodiments of this application, but this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the scope of this application, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A cooperative communication method applied to a first network device, wherein the first network device provides a communication service cell for a terminal device, and the terminal device also communicates and interacts with the cooperative communication cell, the method comprising: Determine the first collaborative timing strategy based on the target timing configuration information; According to the first cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell is adjusted; Based on the adjusted data transmission timing, the terminal device is provided with cooperative communication services from the communication service cell and the communication cooperation cell.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The communication cooperation cell is provided by a second network device, and the target timing configuration information includes the first timing configuration information of the first network device and the second timing configuration information of the second network device. The step of determining the first cooperative timing strategy based on the target timing configuration information includes: Obtain the first timing configuration information and obtain the second timing configuration information from the second network device; A first collaborative timing strategy is determined based on the first timing configuration information and the second timing configuration information.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The communication cooperation cell is provided by a second network device; The step of adjusting the data transmission timing of the serving cell and the cooperating cell according to the first cooperative timing strategy includes: Send a cooperative scheduling request including the first cooperative timing policy to the second network device, wherein the cooperative scheduling request is used to request the second network device to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing policy; The system receives a cooperative scheduling response sent by the second network device in accordance with the cooperative scheduling request, wherein the cooperative scheduling response is used to instruct the second network device to agree to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy; Based on the cooperative scheduling response, the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell is adjusted using the first cooperative timing strategy.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Obtain the first data transmission delay between the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell; The target advance scheduling amount is determined based on the first data transmission delay; The first cooperative timing strategy is adjusted to the second cooperative timing strategy based on the target advance scheduling amount. According to the second cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell is readjusted; Based on the readjusted data transmission timing, the terminal device is provided with cooperative communication services from the communication serving cell and the communication cooperating cell.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of determining the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay includes: The target advance scheduling amount is determined based on the proportion of the number of first cooperative terminals under the cooperative communication service of the communication service cell and the communication cooperation cell, the proportion of the first cooperative negative gain exit, and the first data transmission delay.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The number of the communication cooperation cells is multiple, and the multiple communication cooperation cells and the communication service cells form multiple cooperation cell combinations; The step of determining the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay includes: Based on the number of cooperating terminals under each cooperating cell combination, a target cooperating cell combination with a number of cooperating terminals greater than a preset threshold is determined among multiple cooperating cell combinations. The target advance scheduling amount is determined based on the proportion of the number of second cooperative terminals under the target cooperative cell combination, the proportion of second cooperative negative gain withdrawal, and the first data transmission delay.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The number of target cooperative cell combinations is multiple; The step of determining the target advance scheduling amount based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of the number of the second cooperative terminals, and the proportion of the second cooperative negative gain exit includes: Based on the first data transmission delay, the proportion of the number of second cooperating terminals, and the proportion of the second cooperation negative gain exit for each target cooperative cell combination, a first advance scheduling amount is determined for each target cooperative cell combination. The target advance scheduling amount is obtained based on the first advance scheduling amount of all the target cooperative cell combinations.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The number of the communication cooperation cells is multiple, and the multiple communication cooperation cells and the communication service cells form multiple cooperation cell combinations; The method further includes: Based on the estimated signal gain of the terminal device for each of the cooperative cell combinations, the optimal cooperative cell combination is determined among the multiple cooperative cell combinations; Determine the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination; According to the third cooperative timing strategy, the data transmission timing of the optimal cooperative cell combination is adjusted; Based on the adjusted data transmission timing, the terminal device is provided with cooperative communication services for the optimal cooperative cell combination.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The step of determining the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination includes: Obtain the second data transmission delay of the optimal cooperative cell combination; The second advance scheduling amount is determined based on the proportion of the number of third cooperative terminals under the optimal cooperative cell combination, the proportion of third cooperative negative gain withdrawal, and the second data transmission delay. Based on the second advance scheduling amount, determine the third cooperative timing strategy corresponding to the optimal cooperative cell combination.

10. A cooperative communication method applied to a second network device, the second network device providing a cooperative communication cell for a terminal device, the terminal device further accessing a communication service cell provided by a first network device, the method comprising: Based on the timing configuration information acquisition request sent by the first network device, send the second timing configuration information to the first network device; The system receives a cooperative scheduling request sent by the first network device, wherein the cooperative scheduling request includes a first cooperative timing strategy, the first cooperative timing strategy is determined by the first network device according to the second timing configuration information and the first timing configuration information of the first network device, and the cooperative scheduling request is used to request the second network device to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy; The second network device sends a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request, wherein the cooperative scheduling response is used to instruct the second network device to agree to adjust the data transmission timing of the communication cooperative cell based on the first cooperative timing strategy; The data transmission timing of the communication serving cell is adjusted using the first cooperative timing strategy to provide cooperative communication services to the terminal device in conjunction with the first network device.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, Sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request includes: Based on the cooperative scheduling request, a cooperative scheduling response is sent to the first network device using the remaining resource blocks; The remaining resource block refers to the remaining resources of the second network device.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein, Sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device according to the cooperative scheduling request includes: Based on the cooperative scheduling request, negotiation on the use of resource blocks is conducted with the terminal device to obtain a negotiation result; Based on the negotiation results, a cooperative scheduling response is sent to the first network device using the target resource block.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The step of sending a cooperative scheduling response to the first network device using the target resource block based on the negotiation result includes: When the negotiation result is successful, a cooperative scheduling response is sent to the first network device using the resource blocks used by the second network device to communicate with the terminal device. Alternatively, if the negotiation fails, a cooperative scheduling response is sent to the first network device using the remaining resource blocks, wherein the remaining resource blocks are the remaining resources of the second network device.

14. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; At least one memory for storing at least one program; The cooperative communication method of any one of claims 1 to 13 is implemented when at least one of the programs is executed by at least one of the processors.

15. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the cooperative communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. A computer program product comprising a computer program or computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor of a device reads the computer program or computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program or computer instructions to cause the device to perform the cooperative communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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