Gas agitation for a minimally invasive surgical procedure

Abstract

Gas agitation systems, components, and methods are provided for use during minimally invasive procedures. A fluid mover generates an alternating bi-directional fluid flow to agitate the gas within the body cavity of a patient, dispersing surgical plume from the surgical site. The gas agitation system may optionally include a filter to capture at least part of the surgical plume. The fluid mover may be isolated from the gas to mitigate or avoid contamination of at least the fluid mover. The fluid mover may be a reciprocating positive displacement pump. In some examples, a double-acting fluid mover or two fluid movers may be provided to generate a pair of alternating bi- directional fluid flows. The pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows may be provided in antiphase.

Description

100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001GAS AGITATION FOR A MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURE

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 707,157, filed on October 14, 2024, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The disclosure relates to one or more of gas agitation systems, components (e.g., ports, ducting, conduits, isolator cartridges, fluid movers, and fluid moving apparatuses), and methods for minimally invasive procedures. More particularly, though not exclusively, the disclosure relates to a system for agitating gas within the body cavity of a patient to mitigate visual obstruction from surgical plume during a minimally invasive procedure.BACKGROUND

[0003] In a minimally invasive procedure, for example a minimally invasive surgical procedure such as laparoscopic surgery, an incision is made in a patient to provide access to a body cavity of the patient, for example the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity or thoracic (chest) cavity. A surgical port may be partially inserted into the patient's body cavity through the incision. One or more of a scope, e.g., a laparoscope, and a surgical instrument, for example an electrosurgical instrument, may be inserted into the patient's body cavity through the surgical port. The scope may be equipped with a light source and a viewing portion, for example one or more of a lens and an imaging sensor. Images from the viewing portion may be displayed to a surgeon on a visual display, aiding the surgeon's manipulation of the surgical instrument to complete the surgical procedure.

[0004] Surgical insufflation is a technique employed in minimally invasive procedures. An insufflation gas, for example carbon dioxide, is introduced into the body cavity of the patient. For example, through the same surgical port or another surgical port. The insufflation gas may be pressurized above atmospheric pressure. An insufflator supplying the insufflation gas may be configured to maintain a predetermined positive pressure. The pressurized insufflation gas may elevate the abdominal wall or pelvic wall from the internal organs. Inflation of the body cavity may increase space for surgical instruments and improve visibility. Care is required to avoid overinflating the body cavity, which may cause barotrauma or other complications.

[0005] The insufflation gas may optionally be heated or humidified before it is introduced into the body cavity of the patient, for example to mitigate one or more of hypothermia and desiccation.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0006] The use of surgical instruments may generate surgical plume within the body cavity. Surgical plume is a byproduct from the use of energy devices, lasers, electrocautery devices, ultrasonic devices, or other surgical instruments to cut, vaporize, or coagulate tissue during the minimally invasive procedure. The surgical plume may include one or more of vapor, tissue particles, blood particles, bacterial particles, viral particles, and chemical compounds, for example. The composition and volume of the surgical plume can vary depending on the type of procedure, the tissue being operated on, and the energy source used, for example.

[0007] The surgical plume may obstruct the surgeon's visibility of the surgery site through the scope. Reduced visibility may increase the duration and / or complexity of the surgery. Moreover, the surgical plume may pose health risks to surgical personnel and patients, if inhaled.SUMMARY

[0008] In a first aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation system may comprise: a fluid moving apparatus, the fluid moving apparatus configured to generate a pair of fluid flows in a working fluid, each of the pair of fluid flows alternating in direction; an isolator cartridge, the isolator cartridge configured to fluidly isolate the working fluid from an agitation gas, and to transfer pressure or force from the working fluid to the agitation gas; and two or more conduits, the two or more conduits each coupled with the isolator cartridge to convey a corresponding pair of gas flows in the agitation gas.

[0009] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a double-acting fluid mover.

[0010] The isolator cartridge may comprise a pair of diaphragms, each of the pair of diaphragms configured to deform to transfer the pressure or force from the working fluid, on one side of the diaphragm, to the agitation gas, on an opposing side of the diaphragm.

[0011] The pair of diaphragms may comprise a pair of rolling diaphragms.

[0012] In a second aspect, a fluid moving apparatus is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The fluid moving apparatus may comprise: a fluid mover configured to generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow; and a housing enclosing the fluid mover, the housing comprising an inlet / outlet port fluidly coupled with the fluid mover to convey the alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

[0013] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a pair of the inlet / outlet ports.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0014] The fluid moving apparatus may be configured to generate a pair of the alternating bi-directional fluid flows.

[0015] The fluid moving apparatus may be configured to generate a pair of the alternating bi-directional fluid flows, and the fluid moving apparatus may comprise a pair of the inlet / outlet ports, each of the pair of inlet / outlet ports fluidly coupled with the fluid mover to convey a respective one of the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows.

[0016] The fluid moving apparatus may be configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows out of phase with each other.

[0017] The fluid moving apparatus may be configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows in antiphase.

[0018] The fluid mover may comprise a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0019] The fluid mover may comprise a double-acting reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0020] The fluid mover may comprise: a fluid cylinder; and an actuator configured to drive the fluid cylinder to generate the alternating bi-directional fluid flow(s). The fluid cylinder may comprise a pneumatic cylinder. The actuator may comprise a linear actuator. The linear actuator may comprise one or more of: an electric motor; a screw shaft driven by the electric motor; and a nut coupling the screw shaft with a piston of the fluid cylinder.

[0021] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a pair of the inlet / outlet ports, the fluid cylinder may comprise a double-acting fluid cylinder, the double-acting fluid cylinder may comprise a cap end port and a rod end port, the cap end port fluidly coupled with one of the pair of inlet / outlet ports and the rod end port fluidly coupled with the other of the pair of inlet / outlet ports.

[0022] The inlet / outlet port(s) may be configured to be removably coupled with an isolator cartridge.

[0023] The isolator cartridge may be configured to communicate a pressure or force from the alternating bi-directional fluid flow to an agitation gas, and to isolate the alternating bi-directional fluid flow from the agitation gas.

[0024] The housing may comprise a recess proximal the inlet / outlet port(s), the recess configured to at least partially receive a / the isolator cartridge. The recess may comprise a concavity complementing a convex shape of at least part of the isolator cartridge.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0025] The housing may comprise a latch configured to removably secure a / the isolator cartridge to the housing.

[0026] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise the isolator cartridge.

[0027] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a valve configured to control a pressure of the alternating bi-directional fluid flow. The valve may be provided in a fluid flow path between the fluid mover and the inlet / outlet port.

[0028] The valve may comprise an active valve. The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a pair of the valves.

[0029] The fluid moving apparatus may comprise a controller, the controller configured to control operation of one or more of the fluid mover and a / the valve(s).

[0030] The controller may be configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling operation of the fluid mover and the valve(s) to move the fluid mover to a predetermined position. The predetermined position may comprise full extension or full retraction.

[0031] The controller configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling the operation of the fluid mover and the valve(s) to repeatedly: move the fluid mover by an increment; open the valve(s) to relieve pressure generated by the movement of the fluid mover; and close the valve(s).

[0032] The controller may be configured to repeat the movement of the fluid mover and the opening and closing of the valve(s) between two and five times.

[0033] The controller may be configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling the operation of the fluid mover and a pair of valves to: open both of the pair of valves; close one of the pair of valves; move the fluid mover; and close the other of the pair of valves.

[0034] In a third aspect, an isolator cartridge is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The isolator cartridge may comprise: an isolator housing at least in part defining a housing chamber; an isolation member located within the isolator housing, the isolation member comprising a diaphragm dividing the housing chamber into a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber, wherein the isolation member is displaceable in response to a pressure differential between the working fluid chamber and the agitation gas chamber; a proximal isolator port, the proximal isolator port fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber of the housing chamber; and a distal isolator100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 port, the distal isolator port pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber of the housing chamber.

[0035] The isolator housing may at least in part define a pair of the housing chambers; the isolation member may comprise a pair of the diaphragms, each of the pair of diaphragms located within a respective one of the pair of housing chambers and dividing the respective housing chamber into a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber; and the isolator cartridge may comprise: a pair of the proximal isolator ports, each of the pair of proximal isolator ports fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber of a respective one of the pair of housing chambers; and a pair of the distal isolator ports, each of the pair of distal isolator ports pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber of a respective one of the pair of housing chambers.

[0036] The pair of housing chambers may be fluidly isolated from one another.

[0037] The pair of proximal isolator ports and the pair of distal isolator ports may be fluidly isolated from one another.

[0038] The isolator housing may comprise: a proximal housing portion, the proximal housing portion at least in part defining the proximal isolator port(s) and the working fluid chamber(s) of the housing chamber(s); and a distal housing portion engaged or engageable with the proximal housing portion, the distal housing portion at least in part defining the distal isolator port(s) and the agitation gas chamber(s) of the housing chamber(s).

[0039] The isolation member may comprise a sealing flange configured to form a gasket between the proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion of the isolator housing.

[0040] The proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion may comprise retaining clips configured to permanently or removably secure the proximal housing portion or the distal housing portion with one or more of the isolation member and the other of the proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion.

[0041] The isolator cartridge may be configured to be removably engaged with a fluid moving apparatus, and the proximal isolator port(s) may be configured to be fluidly coupled with a corresponding inlet / outlet port of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0042] The housing at least in part may comprise a dome portion configured to be received by a complementary concavity of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0043] The housing at least in part may comprise a hollow frustum shape.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0044] One or more of the working fluid chamber(s) and the agitation gas chamber(s) of the housing chamber(s) may comprise a hollow frustum shape.

[0045] The diaphragm may comprise a rolling diaphragm.

[0046] The isolation member may comprise an elastomeric material.

[0047] The isolation member at least in part may comprise a hollow frustum shape.

[0048] The isolation member may comprise a shape complementing a corresponding internal surface of the housing chamber.

[0049] The diaphragm of the isolation member may be configured to invert, in use.

[0050] In a fourth aspect, an isolator cartridge is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The isolator cartridge may comprise: an isolator housing, the isolator housing configured to couple with an isolation member to form an agitation gas chamber; and a distal isolator port, the distal isolator port pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber and configured to pneumatically couple with a conduit to convey an agitation gas to and from the agitation gas chamber.

[0051] The isolator housing and the isolation member may in combination define a pair of the agitation gas chambers, and the isolator cartridge may comprise a pair of the distal isolator ports, each of the pair of distal isolator ports pneumatically coupled with a respective one of the pair of agitation gas chambers and configured to pneumatically couple with a respective one of a pair of the conduits.

[0052] The isolator cartridge may comprise the isolation member.

[0053] In a fifth aspect, an isolator cartridge is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The isolator cartridge may comprise: an isolator housing, the isolator housing configured to couple with an isolation member to form a working fluid chamber; and a proximal isolator port, the proximal isolator port fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber and configured to be fluidly couple with a port of a fluid moving apparatus to convey a working fluid to and from the working fluid chamber.

[0054] The isolator housing and the isolation member may in combination define a pair of the working fluid chambers, and the isolator cartridge may comprise a pair of the proximal isolator ports, each of the pair of proximal isolator ports fluidly coupled with a respective one of the pair of working fluid chambers and configured to fluidly couple with a respective one of a pair of the ports of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0055] The isolator cartridge may comprise the isolation member.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0056] In a sixth aspect, an isolation member is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The isolation member may comprise: a diaphragm, the diaphragm configured to isolate a working fluid and an agitation gas, and to deform to transfer pressure or force from the working fluid to the agitation gas; and a sealing flange, the sealing flange surrounding the diaphragm and configured to sealingly engage an isolator housing, wherein the isolation member is configured to form one or more of a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber when sealingly engaged with the isolator housing.

[0057] The isolation member may comprise a pair of the diaphragms, a pair of the sealing flanges, and a frame, each of the pair of sealing flanges surrounding a respective one of the pair of diaphragms, the frame joining the sealing flanges so that the isolation member forms a single integral unit.

[0058] In a seventh aspect, a gas agitation set is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation set may comprise: the isolator cartridge of any one of the third to sixth aspects; and a conduit configured to pneumatically couple the distal isolator port of the isolator cartridge with a surgical port.

[0059] The gas agitation set may comprise a filter, the filter configured to at least partially capture surgical plume from gases conveyed by the conduit, in use.

[0060] The gas agitation set may comprise a fluid trap configured to capture moisture from gases conveyed by the conduit, in use.

[0061] The fluid trap may be configured to capture moisture from gases conveyed by the conduit in one direction, and configured to release moisture to gases conveyed by the conduit in an opposing direction, in use.

[0062] The isolator cartridge may comprise a pair of distal isolator ports, and the gas agitation set may comprise a pair of the conduits, each of the pair of conduits configured to pneumatically couple a respective one of the pair of distal isolator ports with a respective surgical port.

[0063] The gas agitation set may comprise the surgical port(s).

[0064] In an eighth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port, and a fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0065] The fluid mover may be configured to generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow in one or more of a working fluid within at least the fluid mover, and an agitation gas within the ducting.

[0066] The alternating bi-directional fluid flow may comprise a displacement of a predetermined volume.

[0067] The predetermined volume may comprise a fixed volume.

[0068] The fluid mover may comprise a reciprocating positive displacement pump and the fixed volume may comprise a displacement volume of the reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0069] The fluid mover may be configured to alternate between: an extraction phase configured to draw a volume of the gas through the surgical port into the ducting, and an injection phase configured to inject the volume of the gas from the ducting out through the surgical port.

[0070] The fluid mover may comprise a displacement pump.

[0071] The displacement pump may comprise a reciprocating positive displacement pump. The displacement pump may comprise a displacement volume of between about 50 milliliters (ml) and 1,000 ml, between about 50 ml and 500 ml, between about 50 ml and 250 ml, between about 100 ml and 200 ml, or between about 125 ml and 175 ml.

[0072] The fluid mover may be operable to generate the alternating bi-directional fluid flow with a frequency of less than about 10 Hz, between about 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, between about 1 Hz and 5 Hz, or between about 2 Hz and 4 Hz.

[0073] The fluid mover may be operable so that the gas agitation system provides a gas exchange with the body cavity of the patient of between about 0 liters per minute (L / min) and 50 L / min, between about 1 L / min and 5 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 12 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 20 L / min, between about 9 L / min and 18 L / min, between about 11 L / min and 16 L / min, or between about 12 L / min and 15 L / min.

[0074] The gas agitation system may comprise a filter configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of gas within the ducting.

[0075] One or more of the ducting and the filter may be configured so that the filter is spaced from a surgical port by less than about 30 centimeters (cm), between about 5100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 cm and 30 cm, between about 10 cm and 20 cm, between about 12 cm and 18 cm, between about 14 cm and 16 cm, or by about 15 cm.

[0076] The gas agitation system may comprise an isolator configured to: fluidly isolate the fluid mover from at least the surgical port, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to an agitation gas within the ducting.

[0077] The isolator may comprise a rolling diaphragm.

[0078] The gas agitation system may comprise the surgical port.

[0079] The gas agitation system may comprise a valve system configured to control a direction of a gas flow in at least a portion of the ducting.

[0080] The gas agitation system may be configured to operate in conjunction with, but independently from, an insufflator configured to provide a flow of a gas.

[0081] In some examples, the gas agitation system does not comprise a gas source.

[0082] In some examples, the gas agitation system is not configured to vent a gas.

[0083] The ducting may comprise a blind branch for the alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

[0084] In some examples, the gas agitation system is not configured to form a closed loop.

[0085] In a ninth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port; and a fluid mover configured to: extract a volume of the gas through the surgical port and into the ducting in an extraction phase, and inject the volume of the gas from the ducting and out through the surgical port in an injection phase.

[0086] In a tenth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port, the ducting comprising a blind branch; and a fluid mover configured to couple with the blind branch and generate an alternating bi-directional gas flow within the ducting.

[0087] In an eleventh aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a minimally invasive procedure. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with one or more surgical ports; one or more fluid movers100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 configured to couple with the ducting and generate a pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows within the ducting.

[0088] The pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows may be configured to be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0089] The one or more fluid movers may be configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows in antiphase.

[0090] The ducting may be configured to separately couple the one or more fluid movers with a first surgical port and a second surgical port.

[0091] The gas agitation system may comprise the first surgical port and the second surgical port.

[0092] The gas agitation system may comprise a first filter and a second filter, the first filter and the second filter each configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the gas agitation system.

[0093] The gas agitation system may comprise a pair of isolators, the pair of isolators configured to pneumatically isolate the one or more fluid movers from a gas within the ducting, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the one or more fluid movers to the gas within the ducting.

[0094] The gas agitation system may comprise a valve system configured to control a direction of a gas within at least a portion of the ducting.

[0095] The gas agitation system may comprise one or more filters configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a gas within the ducting.

[0096] In a twelfth aspect, a surgical insufflation and agitation system is provided for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the surgical insufflation and agitation system may comprise: an insufflator configured to provide a flow of a gas; the gas agitation system of any one of the eighth to eleventh aspects, the gas agitation system configured to operate in conjunction with, but independently from, the insufflator.

[0097] The gas agitation system may be configured to repeatedly extract and inject a volume of the gas.

[0098] In some examples, the insufflator and the gas agitation system are not configured to be directly pneumatically coupled with each other.

[0099] The insufflator may be configured to control a pressure of the gas.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0100] The insufflator may be configured to regulate a pressure of the gas to a target insufflation pressure.

[0101] The insufflator and the gas agitation system may be configured to operate independently of each other.

[0102] In some examples, the insufflator and the gas agitation system are not configured to communicate with each other.

[0103] In a thirteenth aspect, a method is provided for agitating a gas during a minimally invasive procedure. The method may comprise repeatedly extracting a volume of gas and injecting the volume of gas by way of an alternating bi-directional gas flow.

[0104] The method may comprise repeatedly extracting a volume of gas and injecting the volume of gas by way of a pair of alternating bi-directional gas flows.

[0105] The method may comprise providing the pair of alternating bi-directional gas flows in antiphase.

[0106] The volume of the gas may comprise a predetermined volume.

[0107] The predetermined volume may comprise a fixed volume.

[0108] The method may comprise filtering at least a portion of the volume of the gas.

[0109] In a fourteenth aspect, a method is provided for controlling a fluid mover of a gas agitation system during a minimally invasive procedure. The method may comprise: receiving one or more signals indicative of one or more of a user input, a presence of particulates, a concentration of particulates, and a gas pressure; and controlling the fluid mover based, at least in part, on the one or more signals to repeatedly extract a volume of the gas and inject the volume of the gas.

[0110] The volume of the gas may comprise a predetermined volume.

[0111] Controlling the fluid mover may comprise controlling a speed of an electric motor driving a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0112] In a fifteenth aspect, a method is provided for operating a fluid mover configured to be fluidly coupled with an isolator cartridge. The method may comprise one or more of: initializing the fluid mover by: opening a valve coupled with the fluid mover; moving the fluid mover to a predetermined position; and closing the valve; and initializing the isolator cartridge by repeatedly: moving the fluid mover by an increment;100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 opening the valve to relieve pressure generated by the movement of the fluid mover; and closing the valve.

[0113] The method may comprise initializing the fluid mover before initializing the isolator cartridge.

[0114] The predetermined position may comprise full extension or full retraction.

[0115] Initializing the isolator cartridge may comprise moving the fluid mover, opening the valve, and closing the valve between two and five times, e.g., three or four times.

[0116] The method may comprise fluidly coupling the isolator cartridge with the fluid mover before one or more of initializing the fluid mover and initializing the isolator cartridge.

[0117] In a sixteenth aspect, a method is provided for operating a fluid mover configured to be fluidly coupled with an isolator cartridge. The method may comprise: opening a pair of valves coupled with the fluid mover; closing one of the pair of valves; moving the fluid mover to displace at least part of the isolator cartridge; and closing the other of the pair of valves.

[0118] The method may comprise pausing between opening the pair of valves and closing one of the pair of valves.

[0119] In a seventeenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may comprise instructions that, when executed by a controller of a gas agitation system, configure the gas agitation system to perform the method of any one of the thirteenth to sixteenth aspects.

[0120] In an eighteenth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient, and a fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and to generate a recurrent gas flow to agitate a gas within the body cavity.

[0121] The recurrent gas flow may comprise a periodic gas flow.

[0122] The recurrent gas flow comprising an intermittent gas flow.

[0123] The recurrent gas flow may comprise a recurrent displacement of a predetermined volume.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0124] The predetermined volume may comprise a fixed volume.

[0125] The fluid mover may comprise a reciprocating positive displacement pump. The fixed volume may comprise a displacement volume of the reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0126] The fluid mover may be configured to generate an alternating bi-directional gas flow of a volume of the gas within at least a portion of the ducting.

[0127] The fluid may be mover configured to alternate between: an extraction phase configured to draw a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient into the ducting, and an injection phase configured to inject the volume of the gas from the ducting into the body cavity of the patient.

[0128] The fluid mover may comprise a displacement pump. The displacement pump may comprise a reciprocating positive displacement pump. A displacement volume of the reciprocating positive displacement pump may be less than an internal volume of the ducting.

[0129] The displacement pump may comprise a displacement volume of between about 50 milliliters (ml) and 1,000 ml, between about 50 ml and 500 ml, between about 50 ml and 250 ml, between about 100 ml and 200 ml, or between about 125 ml and 175 ml.

[0130] The fluid mover may be operable to generate the recurrent gas flow at a frequency of less than about 20 Hertz (Hz), less than about 10 Hz, between about 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, between about 1 Hz and 5 Hz, or between about 2 Hz and 4 Hz.

[0131] The fluid mover may be configured to generate a pressure differential with respect to an insufflation pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient. A magnitude of the pressure differential may be physically limited by a configuration of the fluid mover.

[0132] The gas agitation system may be configured to generate a small-scale variation in a pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient. The small-scale variation may comprise a small-scale oscillation.

[0133] The fluid mover may be configured to alternate between generating a positive pressure and a negative pressure with respect to an insufflation pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0134] The fluid mover may be operable so that the gas agitation system provides a gas exchange with the body cavity of the patient of between about 0 liters per minute100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001(l / min) and 50 l / min, between about 1 l / min and 5 l / min, between about 7 l / min and 50 l / min, between about 12 l / min and 50 l / min, between about 7 l / min and 20 l / min, between about 9 l / min and 18 l / min, between about 11 l / min and 16 l / min, or between about 12 l / min and 15 l / min.

[0135] The ducting may comprise an internal volume of at least about 10 milliliters (ml), or between about 50 ml and 250 ml, or between about 100 ml and 200 ml, or between about 125 ml and 175 ml, or up to about 500 ml.

[0136] The gas agitation system may comprise a particulate filter configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the gas agitation system. The particulate filter may be configured to be spaced from a patient end of the ducting by less than about 30 centimeters (cm), or between about 5 cm and 30 cm, or between about 10 cm and 20 cm, or between about 12 cm and 18 cm, or between about 14 cm and 16 cm, or by about 15 cm.

[0137] The gas agitation system may comprise an isolator configured to: pneumatically isolate the fluid mover from the gas, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to the gas.

[0138] The fluid mover may be configured to displace a hydraulic liquid or a pneumatic gas between the fluid mover and the isolator.

[0139] The isolator may comprise one or more of: a diaphragm, a plunger, or a rolling diaphragm.

[0140] The gas agitation system may comprise a port configured to be: at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient, and coupled with the ducting to pneumatically couple the ducting with the body cavity of the patient. The port may be a trocar, gel port, single port surgical access device, or multiport surgical access device.

[0141] The gas agitation system may comprise a controller configured to control operation of the fluid mover. The controller may be configured to control a speed of the fluid mover.

[0142] The gas agitation system may comprise a user interface configured to receive a user input, the controller configured to control operation of the fluid mover based, at least in part, on the user input.

[0143] The gas agitation system may comprise a particulate sensor configured to sense one or more of a presence of particulates or a concentration of particulates in a volume of the gas within one or more of the gas agitation system or the body cavity of the100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 patient, the controller configured to control operation of the fluid mover based, at least in part, on one or more of the presence of particulates or the concentration of particulates.

[0144] The gas agitation system may comprise a pressure sensor configured to sense a gas pressure within one or more of the gas agitation system or the body cavity of the patient, the controller configured to control operation of the fluid mover based, at least in part, on the gas pressure.

[0145] The gas agitation system may comprise a valve system configured to control a direction of the recurrent gas flow in at least a portion of the ducting.

[0146] The ducting may comprise one or more conduits. A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a connector configured to be coupled with a port. A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a connector configured to be coupled with one or more of: the fluid mover, the isolator, the particulate filter, or the valve system. A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a heated conduit. The heated conduit may comprise a heating wire. The heating wire may be provided : within a lumen of the heated conduit, wrapped around a tube wall of the heated conduit, or embedded in the tube wall of the heated conduit. The fluid mover may be configured to supply power to the heating wire.

[0147] The ducting may comprise a tortuous path configured to impede a flow of liquid towards the fluid mover.

[0148] The gas agitation system may be configured to operate independently from an insufflator, the insufflator configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient to provide a flow of the gas to the body cavity of the patient.

[0149] In at least some examples, the gas agitation system does not comprise a gas source.

[0150] The gas agitation system may comprise a closed system.

[0151] In at least some examples, the gas agitation system is not configured to vent the gas.

[0152] The gas agitation system may comprise a blind branch for the recurrent gas flow.

[0153] In at some examples, the gas agitation system is not configured to form a closed loop with the body cavity of the patient.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0154] In at least some examples, the gas agitation system is not configured to be coupled with a gas source except through the body cavity of the patient.

[0155] In a nineteenth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient, the body cavity containing a gas, and a fluid mover configured to: extract a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient into the ducting in an extraction phase, and inject the volume of the gas from the ducting into the body cavity of the patient in an injection phase.

[0156] In a twentieth aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient, the ducting consisting of, or comprising, of a blind branch, a fluid mover configured to couple with the blind branch of the ducting and to generate a gas flow to agitate a gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0157] In a twenty-first aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient, a first fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate a first recurrent gas flow to agitate a gas within the body cavity of the patient, a second fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate a second recurrent gas flow to agitate the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0158] The first recurrent gas flow and the second recurrent gas flow may be equal and opposite.

[0159] The first fluid mover and the second fluid mover may be configured to operate in antiphase.

[0160] The first fluid mover and the second fluid mover may each be configured to alternate between generating a positive pressure and a negative pressure with respect to an insufflation pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0161] The gas agitation system may be configured to not cause a small-scale oscillation or a small-scale variation in a pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0162] The gas agitation system may comprise a common crankshaft mechanically coupling the first fluid mover and the second fluid mover. The common crankshaft may comprise a crankshaft angle of about 180 °.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0163] The gas agitation system may comprise an electric motor configured to drive the common crankshaft.

[0164] The gas agitation system may comprise a housing enclosing the first fluid mover and the second fluid mover. The housing may enclose a controller of the gas agitation system.

[0165] The ducting may be configured to couple the first fluid mover and the second fluid mover with the body cavity of the patient via a first port and a second port. The gas agitation system may comprise the first port and the second port.

[0166] The ducting may be configured to separately couple each of the first fluid mover and the second fluid mover with the body cavity of the patient.

[0167] The gas agitation system may comprise a first particulate filter and a second particulate filter, the first particulate filter and the second particulate filter each configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the gas agitation system.

[0168] The gas agitation system may comprise: a first isolator configured to: pneumatically isolate the first fluid mover from the gas, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the first fluid mover to the gas; and a second isolator configured to: pneumatically isolate the second fluid mover from the gas, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the second fluid mover to the gas.

[0169] The gas agitation system may comprise a valve system configured to control a direction of one or more of the first recurrent gas flow or the second recurrent gas flow in at least a portion of the ducting. The valve system may comprise four valves in a bridge configuration. The valve system may be configured to convert the first recurrent gas flow in a first portion of the ducting and the second recurrent gas flow in a second portion of the ducting to a uni-directional gas flow in a third portion of the ducting.

[0170] The gas agitation system may comprise a particulate filter configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the ducting.

[0171] In a twenty-second aspect, a gas agitation system is provided for use during a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The gas agitation system may comprise: ducting, the ducting comprising an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the inlet opening and the outlet opening each configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient; a first fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate a first recurrent gas flow; a second fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate a second100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 recurrent gas flow; and a valve system configured to control the first recurrent gas flow and the second recurrent gas flow to provide a uni-directional gas flow from the inlet opening to the outlet opening to agitate a gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0172] The valve system may be configured to convert the first recurrent gas flow in a first portion of the ducting and the second recurrent gas flow in a second portion of the ducting to the uni-directional gas flow in a third portion of the ducting.

[0173] The valve system may comprise four valves in a bridge configuration.

[0174] The inlet opening of the ducting may be configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient by a first port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity, and the outlet opening of the ducting may be configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient by a second port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity. The gas agitation system may comprise one or more of the first port or the second port.

[0175] In a twenty-third aspect, a surgical insufflation and agitation system is provided for use in a closed surgical procedure on a patient. The surgical insufflation and agitation system may comprise: the gas agitation system of any one of the eighteenth to twenty-second aspects; and an insufflator configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient to provide a flow of the gas to the body cavity of the patient.

[0176] The insufflator and the gas agitation system may be configured to be pneumatically coupled only through the body cavity of the patient.

[0177] The insufflator may be configured to control a pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient. The insufflator may be configured to regulate the gas within the body cavity of the patient towards a target insufflation pressure.

[0178] The insufflator and the gas agitation system may be configured to operate independently of each other.

[0179] The insufflator may comprise an insufflator controller configured to control operation of the insufflator, and the gas agitation system may comprise a gas agitation system controller configured to control operation of the gas agitation system. The insufflator controller and the gas agitation system controller configured to operate independently of each other. In some examples, the insufflator controller and the gas agitation system controller are not configured to communicate with each other.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0180] In a twenty-fourth aspect, ducting is provided to convey a volume of the gas when used in the gas agitation system of any one of the eighteenth to twenty-second aspects.

[0181] In an twenty-fifth aspect, ducting is provided for use in a gas agitation system, the gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The ducting may comprise: a first opening configured to be coupled with a body cavity of the patient; a second opening configured to be selectively coupled with one or more of: a fluid mover of the gas agitation system, an isolator of the gas agitation system, a particulate filter of the gas agitation system, or a valve system of the gas agitation system; and one or more conduits configured to convey a volume of the gas between the first opening and the second opening.

[0182] The first opening configured to be coupled with a port, the port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the ducting. The ducting may comprise the port.

[0183] The ducting may comprise a third opening configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient. The third opening may be configured to be coupled with a further port, the further port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the ducting. The ducting may comprise the further port.

[0184] The first opening may comprise an inlet opening and the third opening may comprise an outlet opening.

[0185] The ducting may comprise a fourth opening configured to be selectively coupled with one or more of: a further fluid mover of the gas agitation system, a further isolator of the gas agitation system, a further particulate filter of the gas agitation system, or the valve system of the gas agitation system.

[0186] A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a connector configured to be coupled with a port, the connector comprising the first opening, the port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the conduit.

[0187] A conduit of the one or more conduits comprising a connector configured to be selectively coupled with one or more of: the fluid mover of the gas agitation system, the isolator of the gas agitation system, the particulate filter of the gas agitation system, or the valve system of the gas agitation system.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0188] A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a heated conduit. The heated conduit may comprise a heating wire. The heating wire may be provided : within a lumen of the heated conduit, wrapped around a tube wall of the heated conduit, or embedded in the tube wall of the heated conduit. The heating wire may be configured to be electrically coupled with the fluid mover of the gas agitation system.

[0189] The ducting may comprise one or more of: the isolator, the further isolator, the particulate filter, the further particulate filter, or the valve system.

[0190] In a twenty-sixth aspect, a conduit is provided to convey a volume of the gas when used in: the gas agitation system of any one of the eighteenth to twenty-second aspects; or the ducting of the twenty-fifth aspect.

[0191] In a twenty-seventh aspect, ducting is provided for use in a gas agitation system, the gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The ducting may be configured to couple with a body cavity of the patient, and may consist of, or comprise, a blind branch configured to couple to a fluid mover configured to generate a gas flow to agitate the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0192] In an twenty-eighth aspect, a conduit is provided for use in a gas agitation system, the gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The conduit may comprise: a first opening configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient; a second opening configured to be selectively coupled with one or more of: a fluid mover of the gas agitation system, an isolator of the gas agitation system, a particulate filter of the gas agitation system, or a valve system of the gas agitation system; and a tubing configured to convey a volume of the gas between the first opening and the second opening.

[0193] In twenty-ninth aspect, a conduit is provided for use in a gas agitation system, the gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The conduit may comprise: a first connector configured to be coupled with a body cavity of the patient; a second connector configured to be selectively coupled with one or more of: a fluid mover of the gas agitation system, an isolator of the gas agitation system, a particulate filter of the gas agitation system, or a valve system of the gas agitation system; and a tubing configured to convey a volume of the gas between the first connector and the second connector.

[0194] The first connector may be configured to be coupled with a port, the port configured to be at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the conduit.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0195] In a thirtieth aspect, a kit of parts for a gas agitation system is provided, the gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The kit of parts may comprise: ducting configured to couple the body cavity of the patient with a fluid mover of the gas agitation system, the fluid mover configured to generate a recurrent gas flow, and one or more of: a port configured to be coupled with the ducting and at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the ducting; an isolator configured to pneumatically isolate the fluid mover from the gas, and to deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to the gas; a particulate filter configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the gas agitation system; or a valve system configured to convert a first recurrent gas flow in a first portion of the ducting and a second recurrent gas flow in a second portion of the ducting to a uni-directional gas flow in a third portion of the ducting.

[0196] The kit of parts may comprise one or more of: a further port configured to be coupled with the ducting and at least partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient to pneumatically couple the body cavity and the ducting; a further isolator configured to pneumatically isolate a further fluid mover of the gas agitation system from the gas, and to deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to the gas; or a further particulate filter configured to at least partially filter the surgical plume from at least a portion of the volume of the gas within the gas agitation system.

[0197] The ducting may comprise one or more conduits. A conduit of the one or more conduits may comprise a heated conduit. The heated conduit may comprise a heating wire. The heating wire may be provided : within a lumen of the heated conduit, wrapped around a tube wall of the heated conduit, or embedded in the tube wall of the heated conduit.

[0198] The ducting may comprise a blind branch.

[0199] The ducting may be configured to form a closed loop with the body cavity of the patient.

[0200] In some examples, the ducting is not configured to form a closed loop with the body cavity of the patient.

[0201] In a thirty-first aspect, a fluid mover is provided for a gas agitation system configured to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The fluid mover may comprise: a cylinder, a cylinder port in fluid communication with the cylinder and configured to be coupled with ducting of the gas agitation system, the ducting configured to be coupled with the body cavity of the patient, a piston configured to reciprocate within the cylinder, a connecting rod coupled100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 with the piston, a crankshaft coupled with the connecting rod, an electric motor coupled with the crankshaft, and a controller configured to control operation of the electric motor, wherein reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder is configured to generate a recurrent gas flow to agitate the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0202] The fluid mover may comprise an electrical terminal configured to supply power to a heated conduit of the ducting.

[0203] The fluid mover may comprise one or more of: a user interface coupled with the controller and configured to receive a user input, a particulate sensor configured to sense one or more of a presence of particulates or a concentration of particulates within the gas, or a pressure sensor configured to sense a gas pressure of the gas.

[0204] The controller may be configured to control the electric motor based, at least in part, on one or more of: the user input, the presence of particulates, the concentration of particulates, or the gas pressure.

[0205] The fluid mover may comprise: a further cylinder, a further cylinder port in fluid communication with the further cylinder and configured to be coupled with the ducting of the gas agitation system, a further piston configured to reciprocate within the further cylinder, and a further connecting rod coupled with the further piston and the crankshaft.

[0206] The crankshaft may comprise a crankshaft angle of about 180 °.

[0207] The piston and the further piston may be configured to reciprocate in antiphase.

[0208] The fluid mover may comprise a housing enclosing one or more of: the cylinder, the piston, the connecting rod, the crankshaft, the electric motor, the controller, the further cylinder, the further piston, or the further connecting rod.

[0209] In a thirty-second aspect, a method is provided for agitating a gas in a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure. The method may comprise periodically or intermittently: extracting a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient, and injecting the volume of the gas into the body cavity of the patient.

[0210] The method may comprise alternately: extracting the volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient, and injecting the volume of the gas into the body cavity of the patient.

[0211] The method may comprise simultaneously: extracting the volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient, and injecting a volume of the gas into the body cavity of the patient.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0212] The volume of the gas may comprise a predetermined volume. The predetermined volume may comprise a fixed volume.

[0213] The method may comprise filtering at least a portion of the volume of the gas.

[0214] The method may comprise coupling a fluid mover with the body cavity of the patient.

[0215] The method may comprise coupling the fluid mover with the body cavity of the patient through ducting.

[0216] The method may comprise coupling a first opening of the ducting and a second opening of the ducting with the body cavity of the patient.

[0217] The method may comprise: coupling the first opening of the ducting with the body of the cavity through a first port, and coupling the second opening of the ducting with the body of the cavity through a second port.

[0218] The method may comprise at least partially inserting the first port and the second port into the body cavity through separate incisions. The separate incisions may be spaced apart from another.

[0219] In a thirty-third aspect, a method is provided for controlling a gas agitation system to agitate a gas within a body cavity of a patient during a closed surgical procedure, the method comprising: receiving one or more signals indicative of one or more of: a user input, a presence of particulates, a concentration of particulates, or a gas pressure; and controlling a fluid mover based, at least in part, on the one or more signals to periodically or intermittently: extract a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient, and inject the volume of the gas into the body cavity of the patient.

[0220] The volume of the gas may comprise a predetermined volume. The predetermined volume may comprise a fixed volume.

[0221] Controlling the fluid mover may comprise controlling a speed of an electric motor driving a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

[0222] In a thirty-fourth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may comprise instructions that, when executed by a controller of a gas agitation system, configure the gas agitation system to perform the method of the thirty-third aspect.

[0223] Further aspects will be apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings of several non-limiting examples of the present technology.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0224] Non-limiting examples of the present technology are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element, the most significant digit or digits in a reference numeral refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.

[0225] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a first example.

[0226] FIG. 2 illustrates an example sinusoidal waveform of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0227] FIG. 3 illustrates another example sinusoidal waveform of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0228] FIG. 4 illustrates example parabolic waveforms of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0229] FIG. 5 illustrates example triangle waveforms of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0230] FIG. 6 illustrates an example trapezoidal waveform of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0231] FIG. 7 illustrates an example compound waveform of a recurrent gas flow according to the present technology.

[0232] FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a second example.

[0233] FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a third example.

[0234] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a fourth example.

[0235] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a fifth example.

[0236] FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of the gas agitation system of FIG. 11, illustrating gas flow when one of the two fluid movers is in an extraction phase.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0237] FIG. 13 shows a further schematic diagram of the gas agitation system of FIG.11, illustrating gas flow when the same fluid mover is in an injection phase.

[0238] FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a gas agitation system according to a sixth example.

[0239] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a double-acting fluid mover during a retraction stroke.

[0240] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a double-acting fluid mover during an extension stroke.

[0241] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a pair of fluid movers in antiphase.

[0242] FIG. 18 is a mechanical block diagram of a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.

[0243] FIG. 19 is a mechanical block diagram of a fluid moving apparatus according to another example of the present technology.

[0244] FIG. 20 is an electromechanical block diagram of a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.

[0245] FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an example controller according to an example of the present technology.

[0246] FIG. 22 is an isometric exploded view of an isolator cartridge according to an example of the present technology.

[0247] FIG. 23 is an isometric view of the isolator cartridge of FIG. 22.

[0248] FIG. 24 is a reverse isometric view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-23.

[0249] FIG. 25 is an isometric cross-sectional view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-24.

[0250] FIG. 26 is a top view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-25.

[0251] FIG. 27 is a left side view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-26.

[0252] FIG. 28 is a front view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-27.

[0253] FIG. 29 is a right side view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-28.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0254] FIG. 30 is a rear view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-29.

[0255] FIG. 31 is a bottom view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-30.

[0256] FIG. 32 is an isometric exploded view of an isolator cartridge according to another example of the present technology.

[0257] FIG. 33 is a reverse isometric view of the isolator cartridge of FIG. 32.

[0258] FIG. 34 is a top view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 32-33.

[0259] FIG. 35 is a rear view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 32-34.

[0260] FIG. 36 is an isometric view of an isolator cartridge according to another example of the present technology.

[0261] FIG. 37 is a reverse isometric view of the isolator cartridge of FIG. 36.

[0262] FIG. 38 is a top view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 36-37.

[0263] FIG. 39 is a rear view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 36-38.

[0264] FIG. 40 is an exploded isometric view an isolator cartridge according to another example of the present technology.

[0265] FIG. 41 is an isometric view of the isolator cartridge of FIG. 40.

[0266] FIG. 42 is a top view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 40-41.

[0267] FIG. 43 is a front view of the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 40-42.

[0268] FIG. 44 is an isometric view of an isolation member according to an example of the present technology.

[0269] FIG. 45 is a reverse isometric view of the isolation member of FIG. 44.

[0270] FIG. 46 is a top view of the isolation member of FIGs. 44-45.

[0271] FIG. 47 is a top cross-sectional view of the isolation member of FIGs. 44-46.

[0272] FIG. 48 is a top cross-sectional view of the isolation member of FIGs. 44-47, in another configuration.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0273] FIG. 49 is an isometric view of a housing panel of a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology, shown coupled with the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 22-31.

[0274] FIG. 50 is a top view of the housing panel and isolator cartridge of FIG. 49.

[0275] FIG. 51 is a front view of the housing panel and isolator cartridge of FIGs. 49- 50.

[0276] FIG. 52 is an isometric view of a housing panel of a fluid moving apparatus according to another example of the present technology, shown coupled with the isolator cartridge of FIGs. 40-43.

[0277] FIG. 53 is a top view of the housing panel and isolator cartridge of FIG. 52.

[0278] FIG. 54 is a front view of the housing panel and isolator cartridge of FIGs. 52- 53.

[0279] FIG. 55 is a schematic diagram of a surgical insufflation and agitation system according to an example of the present technology.

[0280] FIG. 56 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for agitating gas during a minimally invasive procedure.

[0281] FIG. 57 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for setting up and using a gas agitation system according to an example of the present technology.

[0282] FIG. 58 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for setting up and using a gas agitation system according to an example of the present technology.

[0283] FIG. 59 is a flowchart illustrating an example control method for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.

[0284] FIG. 60 is a flowchart illustrating an example initialization method for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.

[0285] FIG. 61 is a flowchart illustrating an example fluid mover initialization method according to an example of the present technology.

[0286] FIG. 62 is a flowchart illustrating an example isolator initialization method according to an example of the present technology.

[0287] FIG. 63 is a flow chart illustrating another example control method for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0288] FIG. 64 is a flow chart illustrating another example apparatus initialization method for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology.

[0289] FIG. 65 shows a flowchart illustrating an example method performed by a controller for controlling a gas agitation system.

[0290] FIG. 66 shows a flowchart illustrating an example method for controlling a fluid mover according to the present technology.

[0291] FIG. 67 shows a flowchart illustrating another example method for controlling a fluid mover according to the present technology.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0292] The present technology is described below with reference to a number of illustrative and non-limiting examples and variants. Throughout the description and drawings, the first digit or digits of a reference numeral correspond to the drawing in which the example containing that element is illustrated. The last two digits of a reference numeral indicate the specific element or elements of the example. Similar or equivalent elements across different examples are identified by having the same last two digits. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element, and variants, in relation to one example is intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of the other examples, and vice versa.Gas Agitation System - First Example

[0293] FIG. 1 shows a gas agitation system 100 according to a first example.

[0294] The gas agitation system 100 is configured to agitate gas within the body cavity 102 of a patient during a minimally invasive procedure. The patient may be human or, in some cases, a non-human animal. Agitation of the gas within the body cavity may disperse surgical plume from, or within, the surgical site. Dispersion of surgical plume may provide one or more of the benefits of improving the surgeon's visibility of the surgical site, improving the surgeon's accuracy, reducing surgery time, and improving patient recovery time.

[0295] The gas agitation system 100 may be configured to operate independently from a gas source (not shown). For example, a source of insufflation gas such as carbon dioxide, configured to replenish gas within the body cavity of the patient, such as one or more of an insufflator and a compressed gas cylinder. The gas agitation system 100 may communicate with the gas source only indirectly through the body cavity of the patient. The gas agitation system 100 may accordingly be compatible with most, if not100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 all, surgical theatre setups. For example, the gas agitation system 100 may be used with a variety of different surgical insufflation systems.

[0296] In at least some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, a gas agitation system according to the present technology may be a closed system, i.e., substantially closed to ambient air, e.g., ambient air within the operating theater or remote from the operating theater. The gas agitation system may be configured to not vent gas (and surgical plume) to ambient air. The gas agitation system 100 may be configured to exchange gas only with, or through, the body cavity 102 of the patient. The gas agitation system 100 may thereby minimize gas usage, since there is no need to replenish vented gas.Surgical Port

[0297] The gas agitation system 100 may include, or be configured to couple with, a surgical port 104. The surgical port 104 may be any type of device providing access to the body cavity 102 of the patient. In some examples, the surgical port 104 may be a trocar, gel port, single port surgical access device, or multiport surgical access device, for example.

[0298] The surgical port 104 may be configured to be partially inserted into the body cavity 102 of the patient through an incision. The surgical port 104 includes a lumen providing a flow path for gases along at least part of a length of the surgical port 104, so that a gas may flow through the surgical port 104 into, and / or out of, the body cavity 102 of the patient. The lumen may optionally also provide a passageway for insertion and manipulation of a surgical instrument, or the surgical port 104 may optionally include a separate passageway configured to receive a surgical instrument. In other examples, a separate port may be provided to receive the surgical instrument.

[0299] In some examples, the surgical port 104 may be configured to diffuse the gas flowing into the body cavity, e.g., dispersing the gas flow in one or more of a wide angle (e.g., greater than 45 °, or greater than 90 °) and / or multiple directions. The surgical port 104 may include a diffusion feature. For example, holes, vents, or a diffusing medium. The diffusion features may be configured to reduce the velocity of gas entering, or exiting, the body cavity 102.

[0300] The surgical port 104 may include a directed gas flow feature. For example, directed gas flow vanes, guide elements, or a nozzle. The directed gas flow feature may be configured to increase a velocity of gas entering, or exiting, the body cavity 102, or distribute gas flow around a surgical instrument, e.g., a scope. Various examples of ports including directed gas flow features are disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2020 / 036498 Al, assigned to Fisher 8i Paykel Healthcare Limited, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001Ducting

[0301] The gas agitation system 100 includes ducting 114. The ducting 114 is configured to couple a fluid mover with the body cavity 102 of the patient.

[0302] The ducting 114 is pneumatically coupled, or configured to pneumatically couple, with the surgical port 104 to pneumatically couple the ducting 114 with the body cavity 102 of the patient.

[0303] In some examples, the ducting 114 may be configured to be physically coupled, e.g., removably coupled, with the surgical port 104. A removable coupling between the surgical port 104 and the ducting 114 may allow for use of the gas agitation system 100 with a variety of different surgical ports 104, e.g., a surgeon's preferred surgical port 104. A removable coupling may allow the surgical port 104 and / or ducting 114 to be reprocessed for re-use.

[0304] In other examples, the surgical port 104 may be integrated with the ducting 114. For example, the ducting 114 may be permanently overmolded and / or adhesively attached to the surgical port 104, or vice versa.

[0305] At least a part of the ducting 114 may form a reservoir for a volume of gas received from the body cavity 102 of the patient. In some examples, the ducting may have an internal volume of at least about 10 milliliters (mL), or between about 10 mL and 50 mL, or between about 50 mL and 250 mL, or between about 100 mL and 200 mL, or between about 125 mL and 175 mL, or up to about 500 mL.

[0306] In examples in which the fluid mover 112 includes a displacement pump, as described below, an internal volume of the ducting 114 may be configured to be greater than the displacement volume of the displacement pump.

[0307] In at least some examples, the ducting 114 may include, or form, a blind branch 120. A "blind branch" refers to a limb of the ducting 114 which includes a single opening, e.g., inlet opening, outlet opening, or shared inlet / outlet opening. The blind branch does not receive, supply, or vent gas except through the single opening. The blind branch may form, at least in part, a temporary reservoir 126 for a volume of gas. For example, a volume of gas extracted from the body cavity of the patient, in use.

[0308] In other examples, the blind branch may include an additional opening for introducing an supplementary fluid, e.g., a therapeutic agent such as one or more of an anesthetic gas and a drug. The gas agitation system 100 may include a therapeutic device configured to be coupled with the additional opening to deliver the therapeutic agent.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0309] In the example gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, the blind branch 120 includes a single shared inlet / outlet opening at a first end 122. The first end 122 is at the surgical port 104, for example connected or configured to connect with the surgical port 104. The blind branch may terminate at a second end 124 at the fluid mover or an isolator, as described in further detail below. The second end 124 may be closed, i.e., does not provide an inlet to, or an outlet from, the blind branch. The shared inlet / outlet opening at the first end 122 provides the only flow path for gas to, and from, the blind branch.

[0310] In some examples, e.g., gas agitation system 100 as shown in FIG. 1, the blind branch may extend from the surgical port 104. In other examples, as described below with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 11 for example, a blind branch may extend from a circuit or valve system.

[0311] In some examples, e.g., gas agitation system 100 as shown in FIG. 1, the ducting 114 does not form a closed loop with the body cavity of the patient. The gas agitation system 100 may have only a single inlet / outlet opening, i.e., at surgical port 104. The fluid mover 112 may be configured to generate an alternating bi-directional gas flow within the ducting 114. In other examples, as described below with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 11 for example, the ducting may include two or more ports, and part of the ducting may form a closed loop with the body cavity of the patient. The fluid mover (e.g., in FIG. 8) or fluid movers (e.g., in FIG. 11) may generate a uni-directional gas flow in at least part of the closed loop part of the ducting. The fluid mover or fluid movers may generate an alternating bi-directional gas flow in at least the blind branch or blind branches of the ducting.

[0312] Because the gas agitation system 100, in use, may repeatedly displace a relatively small volume of gas, there may be relatively little heat and moisture loss. For example, when compared to a recirculating system providing a continuous or intermittent uni-directional flow of gases. In at least some examples, the gas agitation system 100 does not require or include active humidification or passive humidification.

[0313] The ducting 114 may include one or more conduits, e.g., conduit 106 coupling the surgical port 104 and a filter 108 (described in further detail below). In one example, the ducting 114 may consist of a single conduit directly coupling the surgical port 104 with the fluid mover 112. In the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, the ducting may include conduits between the surgical port 104 and the filter 108, between the filter 108 and an isolator 110 (described in further detail below), and / or between the isolator 110 and the fluid mover 112. In other examples, the ducting may include a single conduit between the surgical port 104 and the isolator 110, optionally including an integrated filter 108, and another conduit between the isolator 110 and the fluid100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 mover 112. In other examples, the ducting may include a single conduit extending from the surgical port 104 to the fluid mover 112, optionally including an integrated filter 108 and / or isolator 110.

[0314] The, or each, conduit may include a length of tubing, e.g., flexible tubing.

[0315] As described in further detail below, the tubing may include one or more of plain tubing (e.g., non-corrugated), corrugated tubing, helical tubing, smooth-bore tubing, insulated tubing, heated tubing, absorbent tubing, and wicking tubing, for example. The absorbent tubing may include an absorbent material, either in the tube wall or within the lumen of the tubing. The absorbent material may be configured to absorb fluid (e.g., liquid and / or gas) and release the fluid into a gas flowing over or through the absorbent material.

[0316] The flexibility of the tubing may reduce drag forces (e.g., acting upon the port), decouple movement between components of the gas agitation system 100, provide flexibility in positioning of the various components of the gas agitation system 100 relative to each other and / or the patient, permit movement of the components, or allow the conduit to be repositioned to mitigate or avoid obstructing the surgical staff.

[0317] The tubing may include a tube wall defining a lumen for fluid flow. In some examples, the tube wall may be extruded in a tubular shape. The tube wall may be corrugated in a subsequent step following extrusion. In other examples, the tube wall may be formed by one or more elongate portions helically wound around the lumen. The elongate portions may be extruded. In one example, the tube wall may be formed by two adjacent elongate portions wound in a double helix configuration. One of the two elongate portions may be hollow. A hollow elongate portion may improve thermal insulation provided by the tube wall, which may reduce the formation of condensation within the lumen, in use. The other of the two elongate portions may be solid. A solid elongate portion may provide structural support to the tubing, which may resist buckling or crushing of the tubing, or limit compliance of the tubing upon pressurization.

[0318] The conduit, or one or more of the conduits, may be a heated conduit. The heated conduit may include heated tubing. The heated tubing may include a heating wire. The heating wire may be embedded within the tube wall, e.g., within the solid elongate portion, provided within the lumen, or wrapped around the tube wall. In other examples, the heated conduit may include a water jacket for circulation of heated water, or other heated liquid, through or around the tube wall surrounding the lumen. The heated conduit may reduce heat loss in the gas conveyed by the conduit or, in some cases, increase a temperature of the gas. A heated conduit, in use, may beneficially mitigate or prevent one or more of heat loss from the gas, moisture loss from the gas,100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 decrease in a core temperature of the patient, hypothermia, and formation or presence of condensate or other liquids within the lumen.

[0319] In some examples, the conduit may include one or more sensing wires configured to couple a sensor in one part of the gas agitation system 100 with another component, e.g., a controller, located elsewhere in the gas agitation system 100. The sensing wires may be embedded within the tube wall, e.g., within the solid elongate portion, provided within the lumen, or wrapped around the tube wall.

[0320] In some examples, the conduit may include one or more power wires configured to supply power between other components of the gas agitation system 100. For example, power may be delivered by the fluid mover 112 to the conduit 106 via power wires in a conduit or conduits between the conduit 106 and / or fluid mover 112. The power wires may be configured to mitigate or avoid heating of the conduit or tube wall. The power wires may be configured to generate less heat than the heating wires for a given current. The power wires may be embedded within the tube wall, provided within the lumen, or wrapped around the tube wall.

[0321] The, or each, conduit, may include a connector, or a pair of connectors. Each connector may be configured to be physically connected, e.g., removably connected, to at least one of the:• surgical port 104. filter 108• isolator 110• fluid mover 112, or• valve system (described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 11).

[0322] In other examples, one or both ends of a conduit may be integrally formed with a respective one or more of the above components. For example, conduit 106 may be overmolded to one or more of the surgical port 104 and filter 108, or vice versa.

[0323] One or more of the conduits may include integrated sensors. For example an integrated temperature sensor, pressure sensor, or flow rate sensor. A conduit including a heating wire may also include an integrated temperature sensor. The integrated temperature sensor may be used to provide closed-loop feedback control of the heating wire and / or a safety cut-out to mitigate or avoid overheating a gas within the conduit, for example. In other examples, the one or more conduits may include a sensor port configured to removably receive a sensor probe including a sensor. The sensor port100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 may be sealed by a sensor membrane to isolate the sensor probe from the gas within the conduit or mitigate or avoid leaks, for example.

[0324] The ducting 114 may include both integrated sensors and removable sensor probes. For example, if a conduit 106 is configured to be disposable, a relatively simple or inexpensive sensor, such as a temperature sensor, may be integrated in the conduit 106, while a relatively complex or expensive sensor, such as a particulate sensor, may be configured to be removable and reusable.

[0325] One or more of the conduits may include an identification element. The identification element may be configured to permit identification of the conduit. In some examples, the identification element may be a passive electronic component, e.g., one or more of a resistor, capacitor, and inductor. The passive electronic component may have a specific impedance, or an impedance within a predetermined range. Another component of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., fluid mover 112, may be configured to identify a type of the conduit based on the impedance of the passive electronic component.

[0326] In other examples, the identification element may be, or include, one or more of a memory integrated circuit (IC) and radio frequency identification (RFID) transceiver. The memory IC may store information including one or more of the type of conduit, manufacturer of the conduit, a unique serial number for the conduit, and characteristics of the conduit, for example. The identification element may be embedded in a connector of the conduit, for example. An identification element may improve patient safety. For example, the gas agitation system 100 may be configured to trigger an alarm if it is determined that the conduit is misconnected, unsuitable for use in the gas agitation system 100, cannot be identified, or has expired.

[0327] In some examples, the gas agitation system 100 may include two or more different connector types. The different connector types may be configured to inhibit or prevent misconnection of conduits within the gas agitation system 100. For example, if conduit 106 includes an integrated temperature sensor configured to sense a gas temperature adjacent the surgical port 104, the conduit 106 may include a pair of connectors inhibiting or preventing the conduit 106 being coupled in reverse, i.e., with the integrated temperature sensor adjacent the filter 108. The different connector types may be configured to inhibit or prevent the conduit 106 being coupled between the filter 108 and the isolator 110, for example. Such misconnections may result in false sensor readings, potentially hindering effective control of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., heating wire.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0328] The connectors may include one or more electrical terminals configured to establish an electrical connection between one or more of the heating wires, sensing wires, and power wires, and any other component of the gas agitation system 100. For example, so that the heating wires may be powered by the fluid mover 112 without the need for an additional electrical connector.Fluid mover

[0329] The gas agitation system 100 includes a fluid mover 112. The fluid mover 112 may be configured to generate a recurrent gas flow within the gas agitation system 100.

[0330] The recurrent gas flow may be a recurrent displacement of a predetermined volume of gas. The predetermined volume may be a fixed volume. In some examples, the recurrent gas flow may be an alternating bi-directional gas flow. In some examples, the recurrent gas flow may be an oscillatory gas flow. Further details and examples of recurrent gas flows are described below with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 7.

[0331] The fluid mover 112 may include a displacement pump. In some examples, the displacement pump may be a positive displacement pump, e.g., a reciprocating positive displacement pump as described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 10. But other fluid movers may be used. In some examples, the fluid mover 112 may include one or more of a rotary motor, a linear actuator, a ball screw, bellows, a peristaltic pump, an electromagnetic transducer, and a centrifugal blower, for example.

[0332] A pressure gradient generated by the fluid mover 112 may be limited by the stroke volume and speed of the fluid mover 112. This may inherently limit the pressure and duration of an agitation gas supplied to the patient, during use, improving patient safety by avoiding under- or over-pressurization of the body cavity.

[0333] A displacement volume of the positive displacement pump may be less than an internal volume of the ducting.

[0334] In some examples, the fluid mover 112, e.g., displacement pump, may be inherently quiet or generate little vibration without the need for acoustic insulation or a vibration dampener. For example, the fluid mover 112 may be configured to operate at frequencies of less than about 10 Hz, as described above. In other examples, the fluid mover 112 may include one or more of acoustic insulation and vibration dampeners, e.g., to mitigate or avoid impacting other surgical equipment or the work environment within the operating theater.

[0335] The fluid mover 112 may be a gas mover. The gas mover may be configured to directly generate a recurrent gas flow of the gas within the body cavity of the patient,100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 e.g., insufflation gas as described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 55. In such examples, the isolator 110 may be omitted. The fluid mover 112 may require sterilization between uses. In other examples, the gas agitation system 100 may include a different gas between the isolator 110 and the fluid mover 112. In such examples, the gas mover indirectly generates a recurrent gas flow of the gas within the body cavity of the patient.

[0336] In other examples, the fluid mover 112 may be configured to operate on a hydraulic fluid, e.g., a liquid. In such examples, the fluid mover 112 indirectly generates a recurrent gas flow of the gas within the body cavity of the patient, as described in further detail below with reference to the isolator 110.

[0337] The fluid mover may be operable so that the gas agitation system 100 provides a gas exchange with the body cavity of the patient of between about 0 liters per minute (L / min) and 50 L / min, between about 1 L / min and 5 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 12 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 20 L / min, between about 9 L / min and 18 L / min, between about 11 L / min and 16 L / min, or between about 12 L / min and 15 L / min.

[0338] The fluid mover 112 may include a power supply. The power supply may be configured to supply power to one or more of an electric motor, a controller, and the heated conduit of the gas agitation system 100. The fluid mover 112 may include an electrical terminal configured to supply power to a removable heated conduit of the ducting. The fluid mover 112 may include a connector configured to establish a physical coupling, pneumatic coupling, and / or an electrical coupling with the ducting 114, e.g., in a single action or simultaneously.Isolator

[0339] The gas agitation system 100 may include an isolator 110. The isolator 110 may be configured to isolate the fluid mover 112 from potential contamination which might otherwise require sterilization of the fluid mover 112 between uses. The isolator 110 may isolate the fluid mover 112 from one or more of the gas (e.g., insufflation gas) within the body cavity of the patient, bodily fluids, and condensate which may form within the gas agitation system 100, e.g., anywhere between the patient and the isolator 110, which may carry pathogens.

[0340] The isolator 110 may mitigate or prevent contamination of one or more components of the gas agitation system 100. For example, one or more of the fluid mover 112 and a portion of the ducting 114, e.g., a conduit between the isolator 110 and the fluid mover 112. One or more of the components of the gas agitation system 100 between the isolator 110 and the fluid mover 112 may be reusable between two or100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 more different patients, e.g., with little or no need for disinfection or sterilization. One or more of the components of the gas agitation system 100 between the patient and the isolator 110 may be configured for use with a single patient to mitigate the risk of infection. Those components may be disposed of following use. Alternatively, or additionally, one or more of the components of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., between the patient and the isolator 110, may be configured for reprocessing between uses with two or more different patients. The reprocessing may include one or more of chemical disinfection or autoclaving, i.e., exposure to one or more of an elevated temperature and pressure for a predetermined period of time sufficient to sterilize the component. For example, a temperature of about 1200Celsius (C) at a pressure of about 2 standard atmospheres (atm) for a period of between about 30 minutes (min) and 60 min.

[0341] In some examples, not shown in the drawing, an isolator may be integrated with the surgical port 104.

[0342] In some examples, not shown in the drawing, an isolator may be at least partially integrated with the fluid mover 112 (as described in further detail below with reference to FIGs. 40-43 and FIGs. 52-54).

[0343] In some examples, the isolator 110 may include a diaphragm, e.g., a rolling diaphragm. The diaphragm may be deformable. The diaphragm may be formed from an elastomeric material. The diaphragm may be configured to form one or more of a pneumatic seal and a hydraulic seal. The diaphragm may deform in response to a pressure differential on opposing sides of the diaphragm. Positive pressure or force applied to one side of the diaphragm by the fluid mover 112 may be transferred to the opposing side of the diaphragm. For example, to an agitation gas. The agitation gas may, in use, be in communication with the body cavity 102 of the patient. The diaphragm may deform to at least partially equalize the pressures on opposing sides of the diaphragm.

[0344] In other examples, the isolator 110 may include a plunger. The plunger may be movable. The plunger may be configured to move in a longitudinal direction along a barrel in response to a pressure differential on opposing sides of the plunger. The plunger may move to at least partially equalize the pressures on opposing sides of the plunger. The plunger may be configured to form one or more of a pneumatic seal and a hydraulic seal with the barrel. A positive pressure applied to one side of the plunger, such as from the fluid mover 112, may cause the plunger to move, thereby transferring pressure or force to the opposite side of the plunger, such as to the gas from, or within, the patient's body cavity. In yet other examples, the isolator 110 may include a rolling diaphragm.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0345] In gas agitation systems including an isolator, such as isolator 110, the fluid between the isolator 110 and the fluid mover 112, referred to as the working fluid, is not necessarily the same as the gas within the ducting 114 between the patient and the isolator 110, and exchanged with the patient's body cavity, referred to as the agitation gas. In use, as described in further detail below, the ducting 114 between the patient and the isolator 110 may be at least partially filled with gas from the body cavity of the patient. In some examples, the agitation gas may be an insufflation gas, e.g., carbon dioxide, supplied to the body cavity 102 by a surgical insufflation system as described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 55. In some examples, the agitation gas may be a mixture of the insufflation gas and air, e.g., ambient air. In some examples, the working fluid may be air, e.g., ambient air. In some examples, the working fluid may be an incompressible fluid, e.g., a hydraulic liquid. Use of an incompressible fluid as the working fluid may result in more efficient transfer of pressure or force from the fluid mover 112 to the isolator 110 and the agitation gas.

[0346] Alternatively, or additionally, the gas agitation system 100 may include other measures to impede a flow of fluids towards one or more of the filter 108 and the fluid mover 112. For example, a tortuous path, baffles, additional filter, or corrugations within the ducting 114, e.g., between the filter 108 and the fluid mover 112. The displacement volume of the fluid mover 112 and the volume of the ducting may be selected so that the volume of the gas extracted from the body cavity 102 of the patient does not reach at least a portion of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., the fluid mover 112 and optionally a conduit connected with the fluid mover 112, before it is injected back into the body cavity 102. Such measures may mitigate or prevent saturation of the filter 108, or contamination of one or more of the filter 108, at least part of the ducting 114, and the fluid mover 112.

[0347] Further details and examples of isolators and diaphragms are described below with reference to FIGs. 22-31 and FIGs. 44-48.Filter

[0348] In some examples, agitation alone may be sufficient to mitigate one or more of the undesirable effects of surgical plume, e.g., in impairing the surgeon's visibility of the surgical site. The agitation may disperse the surgical plume from the vicinity of the surgical site. The agitation may promote a more homogeneous distribution of particles suspended within the gas within the body cavity of the patient, which may provide improved visibility compared to concentrated pockets of surgical plume.

[0349] In some examples, gas agitation systems according to the present technology may include one or more capturing components, e.g., one or more filters. For example,100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 one or more of a filter 108 as shown in FIG. 1, sintered materials, foam, or tortuous structure. The capturing components may be configured to filter surgical plume from passing gas. For example, the filters may capture one or more of smoke, vapor, tissue particles, blood particles, bacterial particles, viral particles, and chemical compounds. Filtering surgical plume may improve visibility, mitigate or avoid venting (e.g., through one or more of the surgical port and the incision), and mitigate inhalation of surgical plume. In some examples, filtering surgical plume may mitigate contamination of one or more other components of the gas agitation system, e.g., the fluid mover 112.

[0350] Providing more than one filter may improve filtration performance or extend the usable life of the filters. The gas agitation system 100 may include a second filter to filter finer particles than a first filter. The first filter may be located closer to the surgical port 104 than the second filter, for example.

[0351] The filter 108 may be arranged in the ducting so that at least a portion of a volume of gas from the body cavity of the patient flows through the filter 108. As the volume of gas from the body cavity flows through the filter 108, particulates from any surgical plume within the volume of the gas may be captured by the filter 108.

[0352] The filter 108 may be located close to the patient and the surgical port 104. Locating the filter 108 close to the patient may reduce dead space within the ducting 114. That is, the portion of the ducting 114 containing gas which does not pass through the filter 108 before being injected into the body cavity 102 of the patient.

[0353] The filter 108 may be spaced from the surgical port 104, e.g., by a length of flexible ducting. Spacing the filter 108 from the port may provide one or more of the benefits of reducing drag forces on the surgical port 104 and mitigating or avoiding obstruction of the surgeon or surgical instruments in the vicinity of the surgical port 104.

[0354] In some examples, the filter 108 may be spaced from one or more of the incision in the patient, the port, and a patient end of the ducting 114, by less than about 30 centimeters (cm), between about 5 cm and 30 cm, between about 10 cm and 20 cm, between about 12 cm and 18 cm, between about 14 cm and 16 cm, or by about 15 cm.

[0355] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, the filter 108 may be configured to capture and retain particulates when subjected to a bi-directional gas flow. In other examples, the filter 108 may be bypassed in one flow direction, e.g., with a bypass including a valve to reduce a resistance to flow. In yet other examples, as described below with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 11, for example, the filter may only be exposed to a uni-directional gas flow.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0356] The filter 108 may include a filter medium enclosed within a filter housing. The filter housing may have a low profile to mitigate or avoid obstruction of surgical staff.Sensors

[0357] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the gas agitation system 100 may include one or more sensors.

[0358] The gas agitation system 100 may include one or more particulate sensors. A particulate sensor may be configured to sense one or more of a presence of particulates and a concentration of particulates within a gas. For example, in the gas within, or received from, the body cavity 102 of the patient. Inputs from the particulate sensor may be used for one or more of controlling the fluid mover 112, and generating a visual or audible alarm if the concentration exceeds a threshold, for example.

[0359] The gas agitation system 100 may include one or more pressure sensors. A pressure sensor may be configured to sense a gas pressure. For example, within one or more of the body cavity 102 of the patient, the surgical port 104, the fluid mover 112, and the ducting 114. A gas pressure sensed within the gas agitation system 100 may be used to determine or estimate a pressure within the patient, e.g., an intraperitoneal pressure. Inputs from the one or more pressure sensors may be used for one or more of controlling (e.g., adjusting or automatically stopping) the fluid mover 112, controlling an active pressure relief valve, and generating a visual or audible alarm. For example, if the gas pressure exceeds a threshold or falls below a threshold, or if the patient pneumoperitoneum is insufficient, not yet established, or gone due to excessive leakage, for example.

[0360] The gas agitation system 100 may include one or more temperature sensors. A temperature sensor may be configured to sense a gas temperature. For example, within one or more of the surgical port 104 and ducting 114. Inputs from the one or more temperature sensors may be used for controlling a heated conduit as described above, or generating a visual or audible alarm if the gas temperature exceeds a threshold or falls below a threshold, for example.

[0361] The gas agitation system 100 may include one or more flow rate sensors. A flow rate sensor may be configured to sense a flow rate of a gas. For example, within the surgical port 104, ducting 114, or fluid mover 112. Inputs from the one or more flow rate sensors may be used for one or more of controlling the fluid mover 112, generating a visual or audible alarm if the flow rate exceeds a threshold or falls below a threshold, and automatically stopping the gas agitation system 100, for example.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0362] The gas agitation system 100 may include one or more humidity sensors. The humidity sensors may be configured to sense an absolute or relative humidity of a gas. For example, within the surgical port 104, ducting 114, or fluid mover 112. An increase in absolute or relative humidity may be indicative of an increase in surgical plume. Inputs from the one or more humidity sensors may be used for one or more of controlling the fluid mover 112, controlling the heated conduit, and generating a visual or audible alarm if the humidity measurement exceeds a threshold or falls below a threshold, for example.

[0363] One or more of the sensors may be integrated within another component of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., conduit 106. Sensing wires connecting the sensor with a controller of the gas agitation system 100 may also be integrated. Or the integrated sensors may communicate with the controller wirelessly. Integrated sensors may simplify setup of the gas agitation system 100, reducing the risk of misconnections and false sensor readings.

[0364] One or more of the sensors may be removably coupled with another component of the gas agitation system 100, e.g., conduit 106. The removable sensors may be connected with the controller by a flying lead. Or the removable sensors may communicate with the controller wirelessly. Removable sensors may simplify manufacture or reduce a cost of the other component of the gas agitation system 100, for example. Which may be particularly advantageous if the other component is intended for a single use, e.g., to mitigate or avoid the risk of contamination between two or more different patients.User interface

[0365] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the gas agitation system 100, e.g., fluid mover 112, may include a user interface.

[0366] The user interface may include one or more input components configured to receive inputs from a user, e.g., a member of the surgical staff. The, or each, input component may include a dial, button, switch, slider, touchscreen, microphone, or proximity sensor, for example.

[0367] The user interface may include one or more output components configured to provide information to the user, e.g., a member of the surgical staff. The, or each, output component may include a visual, acoustic, or haptic output component. For example, an indicator light (e.g., a lamp or light emitting diode (LED)), a display (e.g., a liquid-crystal display (LCD) or organic light emitting diode (OLED) display), or an audio transducer (e.g., a buzzer or loudspeaker).100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001Controller

[0368] Although not shown in FIG. 1, the gas agitation system 100, e.g., the fluid mover 112, may include a controller. The controller may be configured to control operation of one or more of the fluid mover 112 and the heated conduit of the ducting 114.

[0369] The controller may control the fluid mover 112. The controller may be configured to control one or more of a frequency, speed, stroke length, displacement volume, waveform, and duration of a pausing phase of the fluid mover 112, for example.

[0370] The controller may include, or be in communication with, one or more of the sensors and the user interface.

[0371] The controller may be configured to control operation of one or more of the fluid mover 112 and the heated conduit of the ducting 114 based, at least in part, on inputs received from the user interface. For example, a member of the surgical staff may provide an input to increase one or more of a speed, frequency, or stroke of the fluid mover 112.

[0372] The controller may be configured to control operation of one or more of the fluid mover 112 and the heated conduit of the ducting 114 based, at least in part, on inputs received from the one or more sensors. For example, the controller may be configured to control one or more of:• operation (e.g., a speed, frequency, or stroke length) of the fluid mover 112 based, at least in part, on sensor signals from one or more of:• a particulate sensor, e.g., indicative of a concentration of particulates in a gas within, or received from, the body cavity 102 of the patient;• a humidity sensor, e.g., indicative of the presence or concentration of surgical plume within, or received from, the body cavity 102 of the patient;• a pressure sensor, e.g., indicative of the pressure of a gas within the body cavity of the patient;• a motor speed sensor, e.g., indicative of a speed of the electric motor of the fluid mover 112;• other equipment, e.g., indicative of activation of a surgical instrument, e.g., an energy device, or a deterioration in visibility within the body cavity of the patient; and100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001• power supplied to a heating wire of a heated conduit based, at least in part, on sensor signals from a temperature sensor, e.g., indicative of a gas temperature within the ducting 114, e.g., conduit 106.

[0373] The controller may be enclosed within a housing also enclosing the fluid mover 112.

[0374] An example controller is described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 21. An example control system is described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 20.Operation of the gas agitation system

[0375] In use, the fluid mover 112 of the gas agitation system 100 generates a pressure differential with respect to a gas pressure within the body cavity of the patient. The pressure differential causes a gas flow within the ducting 114 of the gas agitation system 100.

[0376] In an extraction phase, the fluid mover 112 generates a negative pressure (i.e., a vacuum) with respect to the gas pressure within the body cavity 102 of the patient. The negative pressure draws a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient into the ducting 114.

[0377] In examples in which the fluid mover 112 includes a displacement pump, an extension stroke of a piston effectively increases the internal volume of the gas agitation system 100 by the displacement volume of the displacement pump, from full retraction to full extension. An equivalent volume, or lesser volume (e.g., due to losses), of gas is drawn from the body cavity of the patient into the gas agitation system 100.

[0378] In the injection phase, the fluid mover 112 generates a positive pressure with respect to the gas pressure within the body cavity 102 of the patient. The positive pressure forces a volume of the gas previously drawn from the body cavity of the patient back into the body cavity 102 of the patient. The volume of the gas injected in the injection phase may be, at least in part, the same volume of the gas extracted in the immediately preceding extraction phase.

[0379] The fluid mover 112 of gas agitation system 100 thus generates an alternating bi-directional gas flow of gas within the ducting 114.

[0380] The gas agitation system 100 may optionally be used in conjunction with a surgical insufflation system as described in further detail below with respect to FIG. 55.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0381] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, operation of the gas agitation system 100 may cause a variation in a pressure of the gas within the body cavity of the patient. For example, a small-scale oscillation or a small-scale sinusoidal oscillation.

[0382] The surgical insufflation system may operate to regulate a pressure within the body cavity of the patient towards a setpoint insufflation pressure, elevated above ambient pressure. The setpoint insufflation pressure may be between about 5 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and 30 mmHg, or between about 5 mmHg and 15 mmHg, for example.

[0383] The gas agitation system 100 may operate independently of the surgical insufflation system. The gas agitation system 100 may generate a pressure differential with respect to the setpoint insufflation pressure. For example, alternating between generating a positive pressure and a negative pressure with respect to the setpoint insufflation pressure.

[0384] The magnitude of the pressure differential generated by the gas agitation system 100 may be small enough to mitigate or eliminate the risk of harm to the patient from over-insufflation, such as one or more of mechanical trauma, gas embolism, arrhythmia, collapsed lungs, and gas trapped under the skin, for example. If the displacement volume and / or pressure differential of the fluid mover 112 is too large, during the injection phase the insufflator may release volume from the patient, resulting in a lower than desired pressure within the body cavity 102 of the patient, and / or during the extraction phase the insufflator may add more volume resulting in a higher than desired pressure.

[0385] In some examples, the gas agitation system 100 may be configured to vary the pressure within the body cavity of the patient by less than about ± 5 mmHg, less than about ± 3 mmHg, or less than about ± 1 mmHg.

[0386] In examples in which the fluid mover 112 includes a displacement pump, the magnitude of the pressure differential may be physically limited by the displacement volume of the displacement pump. The displacement volume may be selected to mitigate or eliminate the risk of causing harm to the patient, making the gas agitation system 100 inherently safe. The displacement volume and / or pressure differential may be selected to minimize interference with other parts of the wider surgical insufflation and agitation system, for example an insufflator. The displacement volume and / or pressure differential may be selected so that the insufflator doesn't react to operation of the gas agitation system 100.

[0387] The magnitude of the pressure differential may be smaller than a difference between the insufflation pressure and ambient pressure, e.g., so that the sum of the100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 insufflation pressure and the negative pressure at all times remains above ambient pressure.

[0388] The small-scale variation in pressure in some examples may cause the patient's abdominal wall or pelvic wall to pulsate or "bounce." In such examples, it may be preferable to operate the gas agitation system 100 at frequencies of less than about 10 Hz, as described above, and / or to limit the displacement volume. In other examples, pressure variations and pulsation of the abdominal wall may be mitigated or avoided by other gas agitation systems according to the present technology, e.g., as described below with reference to FIG. 9.Recurrent gas flow waveforms

[0389] The recurrent gas flows according to the present technology may have a variety of different waveforms. Non-limiting examples are described below with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 7.

[0390] In each of the graphs in FIG. 2 to FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents gas velocity. Graphs for flow rate v time may have a similar shape. The graphs in FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 may represent the gas velocity at, or near, the fluid mover, or an expected instantaneous flow rate based on the position and speed of the fluid mover. In practice, a waveform of the gas velocity at the surgical port or within the body cavity may differ due to one or more of compression of the fluid and compliance of the ducting, for example.

[0391] The fluid mover 112 may be configured to alternate between an extraction phase and an injection phase. During an extraction phase, the fluid mover 112 may draw a volume of the gas from the body cavity of the patient. The ducting 114 forms a reservoir for the volume of the gas. During the injection phase, the fluid mover 112 may return at least a portion of the volume of the gas to the body cavity of the patient. In some examples, the fluid mover 112 may alternate between an injection phase, an extraction phase, and a pausing phase. During the pausing phase, the fluid mover 112 does not generate any fluid movement. A single extraction phase or an injection phase may be referred to as a pulse. A consecutive extraction phase and injection phase, optionally separated by a pausing phase, may be referred to as a cycle. In at least some examples of the present technology, for each cycle there may be a net-zero change in volume of one or more of the gas agitation system and body cavity of the patient.

[0392] In other examples, as described below with reference to FIG. 9, for example, the gas agitation system may include a pair of fluid movers or a single double-acting fluid mover. The pair of fluid movers or double-acting fluid mover may operate out of phase to each other, e.g., in antiphase. That is, the first fluid mover (or a first port of100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 a double-acting fluid mover) may be in an extraction phase at the same time as the second fluid mover (or a second port of the double-acting fluid mover) is in an injection phase. In such examples, each fluid mover may be configured to cycle between an extraction phase and an injection phase as described above. A cycle of the gas agitation system as a whole, may refer to the simultaneous extraction phase and injection phase.

[0393] FIG. 2 illustrates an example sinusoidal waveform 202. Such a sinusoidal waveform 202 may be generated by a reciprocating positive displacement pump, for example. The injection phase 204 is presented by a period of positive gas velocity. The extraction phase 206 is represented by a period of negative gas velocity. The recurrent gas flow illustrated in FIG. 2 may be said to be continuous. Yet it is recurrent due to the alternating directions of the pulses.

[0394] FIG. 3 illustrates, in part, a pair of example sinusoidal waveforms 202. As shown in FIG. 2, the fluid mover 112 may be configured to enter a pausing phase 302 following the extraction phase 206. In other examples, a pausing phase 302 may follow the injection phase 204.

[0395] FIG. 4 illustrates example parabolic waveforms 402. As shown in FIG. 3, the fluid mover 112 may be configured to enter a pausing phase 302 following each of the injection phase 204 and the extraction phase 206.

[0396] FIG. 5 illustrates example triangle waveforms 502. As in FIG. 4, a pausing phase follows each injection phase and each extraction phase. In other examples, an injection phase may immediately follow the extraction phase, and / or vice versa.

[0397] FIG. 6 illustrates an example trapezoidal waveform 602. During each injection phase and extraction phase, the gas velocity may ramp up in magnitude from zero, remain substantially constant for a period of time, then ramp back down in magnitude towards zero. In other examples, a pausing phase may follow one or more of the injection phase and the extraction phase.

[0398] Dispersion of surgical plume from the surgical site may be improved if the gas agitation system spends more time above a certain gas velocity or flow rate threshold. A trapezoidal waveform or square waveform may accordingly provide more effective clearance of surgical plume than a sinusoidal waveform, for example, with the same peak gas velocity or flow rate.

[0399] Each of the sinusoidal waveforms 202, parabolic waveforms 402, triangle waveforms 502, and trapezoidal waveforms 602 may be said to represent an oscillatory fluid flow, as the gas velocity oscillates between two peak gas velocities - a positive peak gas velocity and a negative peak gas velocity. In other examples, an oscillatory100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 fluid flow may be uni-directional, i.e., oscillating between a peak gas velocity (e.g., an injection phase) and zero gas velocity (e.g., a pausing phase). An oscillatory fluid flow may promote more effective dispersion of surgical plume, as compared to a constant fluid flow of equivalent total volume. For example, by generating percussive or shockwave effects that enhance mixing and transport of particulates. Such oscillatory effects may facilitate the breakdown and dispersion of pockets of surgical plume within the body cavity, potentially reducing concentration of airborne particulates and improving visibility.

[0400] FIG. 7 illustrates an example compound waveform 702. In some examples, the compound waveform 702 may be generated by a pair of fluid movers. For example, one fluid mover generating a sinusoidal waveform 704 at a relatively low frequency, e.g., 2 Hz, and another fluid mover generating a sinusoidal waveform 706 at a relatively higher frequency, e.g., 10 Hz. The magnitude of the sinusoidal waveform 704 and sinusoidal waveform 706 may be the same, as illustrated, or different to each other. For example, the sinusoidal waveform 706 at the relatively higher frequency may have a lower magnitude, e.g., peak gas velocity. In some examples, one or more of a frequency and magnitude of the sinusoidal waveform 704 and the sinusoidal waveform 706 may be controlled independently.

[0401] In at least some examples, the relatively lower frequency component of the compound waveform may provide the bulk movement of the gas. The relative higher frequency component of the compound waveform may provide more optimized agitation.

[0402] The sinusoidal waveform 704 and sinusoidal waveform 706 may be generated by two different types of fluid movers. In one example, the sinusoidal waveform 704 may be generated by a displacement pump, e.g., a reciprocating positive displacement pump. The sinusoidal waveform 706 may be generated by an electromagnetic transducer mechanically coupled with a diaphragm, for example. In other examples, each of the fluid movers may be any one of the different types of fluid movers described above.

[0403] In some examples, as shown in each of FIG. 2 to FIG. 7, the recurrent gas flow may be a periodic gas flow, e.g., generated with a predetermined and / or relatively constant frequency. The frequency may be adjustable, e.g., controlled by the controller. In other examples, the recurrent gas flow may be non-periodic, i.e., an intermittent gas flow. That is, the duration of one or more of the injection phase 204, extraction phase 206, and pausing phase 302 may vary from one cycle to the next. In one example, with reference to FIG. 3, a cycle (e.g., injection phase 204 and extraction phase 206) may be triggered on demand, e.g., if it is determined that a concentration of particulates exceeds a threshold. The duration of the pausing phase 302 may accordingly vary.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0404] In some examples, the duration of one or more of the injection phase 204, extraction phase 206, and pausing phase 302 may be varied, e.g., controlled by the controller.

[0405] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the recurrent gas flow may be continuous. That is, the waveform in some examples does not include a pausing phase.

[0406] In other examples, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5, the recurrent gas flow may be discontinuous. That is, the waveform may include a pausing phase. A pause between an injection phase and an extraction phase may provide one or more of the benefits of mitigating or avoiding repeated injection and extraction of the same volume or partial volume of gas to / from the body cavity 102 of the patient, and allowing for more accurate sensing, e.g., of the pressure within the body cavity 102 of the patient.

[0407] In some examples, as shown in each of FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, a gas velocity of the recurrent gas flow may continuously vary during one or more of the injection phase and extraction phase.

[0408] In other examples, as shown in FIG. 6, the recurrent gas flow may have a gas velocity which remains relatively constant (e.g., varying by less than 10%, or less than 5%) for a period of time during one or more of the injection phase and extraction phase.

[0409] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 7, the recurrent gas flow may have a complex waveform.

[0410] In some examples, the fluid mover 112 may switch between two or more different gas velocities. For example, a positive gas velocity and a negative gas velocity, two or more different positive gas velocities, or two or more different positive and / or negative gas velocities.

[0411] In examples in which the recurrent gas flow is a periodic gas flow, the fluid mover may be operable to generate the recurrent gas flow at a frequency of less than about 20 Hertz (Hz), less than about 10 Hz, between about 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, between about 1 Hz and 5 Hz, or between about 2 Hz and 4 Hz. But other frequencies may be used, particularly (but not exclusively) in the other example gas agitation systems described in further detail below.

[0412] In some examples, the recurrent gas flow may have a waveform designed or selected to result in a relatively low peak gas velocity for a given volume flow. For example, the waveform may be a square waveform or trapezoidal waveform rather than100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 a sinusoidal waveform or triangle waveform. There may be no pause, or a relatively short pause, between the extraction phase and the injection phase (and / or vice versa). A relatively low gas velocity may mitigate risk of one or more of mechanical trauma to the tissue of the patient and gas embolism.

[0413] In other examples, the recurrent gas flow may have a waveform designed or selected to result in a relatively high peak gas velocity for the given volume flow. For example, the waveform may be a sinusoidal waveform or triangle waveform rather than a square waveform or trapezoidal waveform. There may be a relatively long pause between the extraction phase and the injection phase (and / or vice versa). A relatively high gas velocity may improve one or more of jetting, mixing, and agitation of gases, and dispersion of surgical plume, e.g., from specific or distant areas of the body cavity.Gas Agitation System - Second Example

[0414] FIG. 8 shows a gas agitation system 800 according to a second example. Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the gas agitation system 800 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element of the gas agitation system 100, and any variations of that element, is intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of gas agitation system 800, and vice versa.

[0415] The gas agitation system 800 includes a first surgical port 804a and a second surgical port 804b. In use, the surgical ports 804a, 804b may be spaced apart from each other, e.g., extending through separate incisions. The surgical ports 804a, 804b may be positioned on opposing sides of the patient's body cavity. The surgical ports 804a, 804b may be positioned on opposing sides of the surgical site. The surgical ports 804a, 804b may be positioned to straddle the surgical site.

[0416] The ducting 814 of the gas agitation system 800 includes inlet ducting 830 coupled with the body cavity 802 of the patient through the first surgical port 804a. The inlet ducting 830 may include a first conduit 806a.

[0417] The ducting 814 includes outlet ducting 832 coupled with the body cavity of the patient through a second surgical port. The outlet ducting 832 may include a second conduit 806b.

[0418] A blind branch 820 of the ducting 814 couples the isolator 810 or the fluid mover 812 at a second end 824 with the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832 at a first end 822. The fluid mover 812 may generate a bi-directional fluid flow within the blind branch 820, in use.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0419] The gas agitation system 800 may include a valve system 840. The valve system 840 may include a first valve 842a and a second valve 842b. The valves 842a, 842b may be passive valves, for example. The passive valves may be check valves, for example.

[0420] The first valve 842a may be provided in the inlet ducting. The first valve 842a is configured to allow gas to flow from the body cavity 802 of the patient, through the first surgical port 804a, and along the inlet ducting, e.g., conduit 806a, towards the blind branch 820. The first valve 842a may impede or prevent gas flow in the opposing direction within at least part of the inlet ducting 830, e.g., the conduit 806a, towards the patient.

[0421] The second valve 842b may be provided in the outlet ducting 832. The second valve 842b is configured to allow gas to flow from the blind branch 820, along the outlet ducting 832, e.g., conduit 806b, through the second surgical port 804b, and into the body cavity 802 of the patient. The second valve 842b may impede or prevent gas flow in the opposing direction within at least part of the outlet ducting 832, e.g., the conduit 806b, from the patient.

[0422] One or more filters may be provided in one or more of the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832. Unlike the filter 108 in the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, due to the valves 842a, 842b, the filters in the inlet ducting 830 or outlet ducting 832 of gas agitation system 800 are exposed to a uni-directional gas flow rather than a bi-directional gas flow.

[0423] Providing a filter in only one of the inlet ducting 830 or the outlet ducting 832, e.g., a single filter 808 in the inlet ducting 830 as shown in FIG. 8, may reduce the resistance to flow, i.e., compared to providing filters in both the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832. Providing filters in each of the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832 may improve filtration performance or extend the usable life of the filters. A second filter downstream of the first filter may be configured to filter finer particles than a first filter upstream of the second filter, for example.

[0424] In use, during the extraction phase of the fluid mover 812, operation of the fluid mover 812 extracts a volume of the gas from the body cavity 802 of the patient through the inlet ducting 830 and, optionally, into the blind branch 820 of the ducting. The inlet ducting 830, outlet ducting 832, and optionally the blind branch 820, form a temporary reservoir for the volume of the gas extracted from the patient. Meanwhile, gas within the outlet ducting 832 optionally does not flow.

[0425] Then, during the injection phase of the fluid mover 812, operation of the fluid mover 812 injects the gas previously extracted from the body cavity 102 in an extraction100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 phase back into the body cavity 802 of the patient through the outlet ducting 832 in the injection phase.

[0426] A recurrent gas flow is thereby generated in each of the inlet ducting 830, the blind branch 820, and the outlet ducting 832. An alternating bi-directional gas flow of gas is generated in the blind branch 820. A uni-directional gas flow is generated in each of the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832.

[0427] In some examples, such as gas agitation system 800, the volume of the gas injected into the body cavity of the patient in the injection phase is not necessarily the same volume of the gas extracted from the body cavity of the patient in the immediately preceding extraction phase. At least a portion of the injected volume of the gas may have been extracted from the body cavity of the patient in an earlier extraction phase, i.e., before the extraction phase immediately preceding the injection phase. The gas agitation system 100 may be configured to contain a train of two or more volumes of gas extracted from the body cavity of the patient.

[0428] As shown in the waveform graphs in FIG. 8, the valves 842a, 842b provide complementary "half-wave rectification" of the gas flow within each of the inlet ducting 830 and the outlet ducting 832.

[0429] The gas agitation system 800 may provide improved gas agitation and surgical plume dissipation, e.g., compared to the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1. For example, spacing the surgical ports 804a, 804b, e.g., straddling the surgical site, may improve gas agitation and surgical plume dissipation in the vicinity of the surgical site. The uni-directional gas flow through the body cavity may mitigate or avoid the repeated extraction and injection of the same volume or partial volume of gas, which may occur with a single shared inlet / outlet of the single surgical port 104 as shown in FIG. 1. The gas agitation system 800 may have less dead space than the gas agitation system 100, e.g., no dead space. All, or nearly all, of the gas exiting the outlet ducting 832 into the body cavity 102 passes through the filter 808. This characteristic of the gas agitation system 800 allows greater flexibility in positioning of the filter. For example, the filter 808 may be located further away from the surgical ports 804a, 804b, e.g., to avoid obstructing surgical staff, without compromising filtration performance.Gas Agitation System - Third Example

[0430] FIG. 9 shows a gas agitation system 900 according to a third example. Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the gas agitation system 900 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 8, respectively. Particularly the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 description of elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, and any variations of those elements, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent element of the gas agitation system 900, and vice versa.Dual fluid movers and flow paths

[0431] As shown in FIG. 9, in some examples a gas agitation system may include dual fluid movers and flow paths. In other examples, the dual fluid movers may be replaced by a single double-acting fluid mover. The dual fluid movers, or single double-acting fluid mover, may be integrated in a single fluid moving apparatus.

[0432] As shown in FIG. 9, the two flow paths of the gas agitation system 900 may be pneumatically isolated from each other, except through the body cavity 902 of the patient.

[0433] The first flow path may include a surgical port 904a, ducting (e.g., including conduit 906a), optional filter 908a, optional isolator 910a, and fluid mover 912a.

[0434] The second flow path may include a surgical port 904b, ducting (e.g., including conduit 906b), optional filter 908b, optional isolator 910b, and fluid mover 912b.

[0435] In use, the surgical port 904a, 904b may be spaced apart from each other, e.g., extending through separate incisions. The surgical port 904a, 904b may positioned on opposing sides of the patient's body cavity. The surgical port 904a, 904b may be positioned on opposing sides of the surgical site. The surgical port 904a, 904b may be positioned to straddle the surgical site.

[0436] In use, the surgical ports 904a, 904b may be spaced apart from each other, e.g., on opposing sides of the patient's body cavity 902, on opposing sides of the surgical site, or straddling the surgical site. Spacing the surgical ports 904a, 904b may improve one or more of gas agitation and surgical plume clearance within the body cavity 902, e.g., in the vicinity of the surgical site. The surgical ports 904a, 904b may cooperate to provide a gas flow between them, rather than gas agitation being localized to each surgical port. In some examples, e.g., a gas agitation system 900 configured to operate in antiphase as described below, a portion of the volume injected from the surgical port 904a may be extracted through the surgical port 904b during the same phase.

[0437] In some examples, the first flow path and the second flow path may be identical to each other. For example, the gas agitation system 900 of FIG. 9 may essentially duplicate the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0438] In other examples, the first flow path and the second flow path may differ. The first flow path and the second flow path may have different features to modify the flow delivered to the body cavity 902, e.g., the surgical site. For example, the first surgical port 904a may be different to the second surgical port 904b.

[0439] In one example, the first surgical port 904a may be configured to deliver a diffused flow of gases to the body cavity 902 of the patient. The second surgical port 904b may be configured to deliver a directed flow of gases to the body cavity 902. The first surgical port 904a may include one or more diffusion features. The second surgical port 904b may include one or more directed gas flow features.

[0440] In another example, the first surgical port 904a may be configured to deliver a diffused flow of gases to the body cavity 902 of the patient, e.g., a more diffused flow than the second surgical port 904b. The first surgical port 904a may include one or more diffusion features. The second surgical port 904b may include no diffusion features, and optionally no directed gas flow features.

[0441] In another example, the first surgical port 904a may be configured to deliver a directed flow of gases to the body cavity 902, e.g., a more directed flow than the second surgical port 904b. The first surgical port 904a may include directed gas flow features. The second surgical port 904b may include no directed gas flow features, and optionally no diffusion features.

[0442] A diffused flow of gases may be beneficial in a port also used for insertion and operation of a surgical instrument to cut, vaporize, or coagulate tissue during the surgical procedure, e.g., to better dissipate surgical plume from the surgical site and / or disperse the surgical plume throughout the body cavity 902. A directed flow of gases may be beneficial in a port used for insertion of the scope, e.g., to better disperse surgical plume from the viewing area of the scope, e.g., the surgical site, to envelop the scope in a flow of gas to mitigate or prevent fogging of the imaging sensor or lens, or to better disperse surgical plume from specific or distant areas of the body cavity.

[0443] The fluid movers 912a, 912b may be synchronized relative to each other. For example, the fluid movers may be synchronized electronically, e.g., by the controller, pneumatically, e.g., with valve(s), or mechanically, e.g., with a common crankshaft, camshaft, or gears. The fluid movers 912a, 912b may be synchronized to operate with a predetermined phase difference.

[0444] In some examples, the fluid movers 912a, 912b may be configured to operate out of phase with one another. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 9, the fluid mover 912a and the fluid mover 912b may be configured to operate in antiphase, i.e., about 1800out of phase (e.g., ± 10 °, ± 5 °, or ± 1 °). The fluid mover 912a and the fluid100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 mover 912b may be configured to generate equal and opposite fluid movements or pressures. Such a system may be said to be "balanced."

[0445] In other examples, the gas agitation system 900 may include a single doubleacting fluid mover. For example, including a single double-acting fluid cylinder. The double-acting fluid cylinder may include a cap end port and a rod end port, separated by a piston. The cap end port may be coupled with one of the first flow path and the second flow path. The rod end port may be coupled with the other flow path. Such a double-acting fluid mover may be inherently configured to operate each flow path in antiphase.

[0446] Such antiphase operation may mitigate or avoid one or more of overinflation and small-scale variations in the pressure of the gas within the body cavity 902 of the patient. The positive pressure of one of the flow paths is balanced by the negative pressure of the other flow path. This may mitigate or avoid pulsation of the abdominal wall or pelvic wall of the patient. The gas agitation system 900 may safely operate at one or more of higher frequencies, e.g., above about 5 Hz, or above about 10 Hz (e.g., up to about 20 Hz), higher displacement volumes, or across a wider range of frequencies or displacement volumes, e.g., compared to a gas agitation system including a single flow path. The gas agitation system 900 may be able to safely achieve higher rates of gas exchange. The antiphase or balanced operation may be inherently safer for the patient.

[0447] In other examples, dual fluid movers 912a, 912b may be operated independently. For example, a phase difference between the fluid movers 912a, 912b may vary, or the fluid movers 912a, 912b may operate at different times.

[0448] In some examples, the two flow paths may each have a different resistance to flow, e.g., one surgical port 904a, 904b may be more restrictive than the other. The fluid movers 912a, 912b may modulate the pressure to each flow path differently to account for this.

[0449] In some examples, a valve (not shown) may selectively couple the flow paths of the gas agitation system 900. For example, the valve may be used as a pressure relief valve, or the valve may be actively controlled to control the volume of gas injected into, and extracted from, the body cavity 902 of the patient.Gas Agitation System - Fourth Example

[0450] FIG. 10 shows a gas agitation system 1000 according to a fourth example. Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the gas agitation system 1000 may be similar to the equivalent elements of100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900 of FIG. 1, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, respectively. Particularly the gas agitation system 900 of FIG. 9. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900, and any variations of those elements, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent element of the gas agitation system 1000, and vice versa.Displacement pump

[0451] The gas agitation system 1000 is a particular example of the gas agitation system 900 in which the fluid mover 1012a and the fluid mover 1012b each include a displacement pump, e.g., a reciprocating positive displacement pump. In other examples, the gas agitation system 1000 may include a single double-acting piston and cylinder arrangement, rather than the dual pistons and cylinders as shown in FIG. 10, for example.

[0452] As shown in FIG. 10, each of the fluid movers 1012a, 1012b may include a piston 1014. The piston is configured to move within a cylinder 1016. The piston may be coupled with a connecting rod 1018. The connecting rod 1018 may be coupled with a crankshaft. In other examples, the crankshaft may be mechanically coupled directly with the isolator. For example, by a cable or rod.

[0453] The crankshaft may be a common crankshaft 1020, i.e., coupled with the connecting rods 1018 of both of the fluid movers 1012a, 1012b. The crankshaft may be driven by an electric motor (not shown). Operation of the electric motor may be controlled by the controller (not shown).

[0454] As discussed above with reference to the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, the recurrent gas flow may be a recurrent displacement of a fixed volume. The fixed volume may be equal to, or less than (to account for losses), the displacement volume of the displacement pump, i.e., the bore cross sectional area of the cylinder multiplied by the piston stroke length.

[0455] In some examples, the, or each, displacement pump may have a displacement volume of between about 50 milliliters (mL) and 1,000 mL, between about 50 mL and 500 mL, between about 50 mL and 250 mL, between about 100 mL and 200 mL, between about 125 mL and 175 mL, or about 150 mL.

[0456] The common crankshaft 1020 may have a crankshaft angle of about 180 °, to operate the fluid mover 1012a and the fluid mover 1012b in antiphase. In other examples, the pistons 1014 may be driven independently, and optionally electronically controlled to operate out of phase, e.g., in antiphase, by the controller.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0457] In other examples, a piston of the fluid mover may be driven by a cam follower and camshaft (not shown). The piston may include a cam follower and optionally a spring or other biasing member configured to maintain engagement between the cam follower and camshaft. The camshaft may include one or more cams for the, or each, fluid mover.

[0458] A profile of the cam may be configured to provide a desired gas flow waveform. For example, rather than a continuous sinusoidal waveform, the cam may be configured to introduce a pausing phase and / or produce an alternative waveform, e.g., a triangle waveform, or trapezoidal waveform. Two or more fluid movers may be driven by a common camshaft. The common camshaft may be driven by a single electric motor controlled by the controller.

[0459] As shown in FIG. 10, the fluid mover 1012a and fluid mover 1012b may be enclosed within a single housing 1022. In combination, the fluid mover 1012a, fluid mover 1012b, and housing 1022 may be referred to as a fluid moving apparatus or gas agitation apparatus. The fluid moving apparatus or gas agitation apparatus may further include one or more of the electric motor, power supply, and controller. Although not shown in FIG. 10, the housing 1022 may also enclose one or more of the electric motor, power supply, and controller.

[0460] As described above, a displacement pump may limit the pressure differential that can be generated by the fluid mover. In dual fluid mover examples, as shown in FIG. 10, the displacement pumps may be mechanically synchronized using a common crankshaft or common camshaft, for example.Gas Agitation System - Fifth Example

[0461] FIG. 11 shows a gas agitation system 1100 according to a fifth example. Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the gas agitation system 1100 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900, 1000 of FIG. 1, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10, respectively. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900, 1000, and any variations of those elements, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent element of the gas agitation system 1100, and vice versa.Valve system

[0462] The gas agitation system 1100 includes a valve system 1140. The valve system 1140 is configured to control a direction of the recurrent gas flow in at least a portion of the ducting.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0463] The valve system 1140 may be configured to convert a bi-directional gas flow generated by each of the fluid mover 1112a and fluid mover 1112b, e.g., in the respective blind branches of the ducting, to uni-directional gas flows in the inlet ducting 1130 and the outlet ducting 1132.

[0464] The inlet ducting 1130, outlet ducting 1132, and valve system 1140 may form a closed loop with the body cavity 1102 of the patient.

[0465] A filter may be provided in one or more of the inlet ducting 1130 and the outlet ducting 1132. For example, a single filter 1108 in the inlet ducting 1130 as shown in FIG. 11.

[0466] In some examples, the valve system 1140 may include one or more valves, e.g., one or more passive valves such as check valves. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 11, the valve system 1140 may include four check valves 1142a, 1142b, 1142c, 1142d in a bridge configuration. In other examples, the valve system 1140 may include a rotary valve or one or more active valves. Operation of the rotary valve or active valve may be controlled by the controller.

[0467] As shown in the waveform graphs in FIG. 11, the valve system 1140 may provide "full-wave rectification" of the gas flow within ducting, e.g., the inlet ducting 1130 and outlet ducting 1132.Operation

[0468] Gas flows within the example gas agitation system 1100 of FIG. 11, when operating in antiphase, are described in further detail with reference to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13.

[0469] FIG. 12 illustrates gas flows within the gas agitation system 1100 when the fluid mover 1112a is in an extraction phase and the fluid mover 1112b is in an injection phase.

[0470] The fluid mover 1112a draws a volume of gas from the body cavity towards the fluid mover 1112a, through one or more of the surgical port 1104a, inlet ducting 1130, filter 1108, and valve 1142a, as indicated by the dashed line and arrowheads on the right hand side of the diagram.

[0471] The fluid mover 1112b simultaneously drives a volume of gas towards the body cavity 1102 of the patient through one of more of the surgical port 1104b, outlet ducting 1132, or valve 1142b, as indicated by the dashed line and arrowheads on the left hand side of the diagram. The valves 1142c, 1142d may remain closed.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0472] FIG. 13 illustrates gas flows within the gas agitation system 1100 when the fluid mover 1112a is in an injection phase and the fluid mover 1112b is in an extraction phase.

[0473] The fluid mover 1112a drives a volume of the gas towards the body cavity 1102 of the patient through one or more of the surgical port 1104b, outlet ducting 1132, and valve 1142c, as indicated by the dashed line and arrowheads extending from the fluid mover 1112a.

[0474] The fluid mover 1112b simultaneously draws a volume of gas from the body cavity towards the fluid mover 1112b, through one or more of the surgical port 1104a, inlet ducting 1130, filter 1108, and valve 1142d, as indicated by the dashed line extending towards the fluid mover 1112b. The valves 1142a, 1142b may remain closed.Gas Agitation System - Sixth Example

[0475] FIG. 14 shows a gas agitation system 1400 according to a sixth example. Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the gas agitation system 1400 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 of FIG. 1, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11, respectively. Particularly the gas agitation system 900 of FIG. 9. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of elements of the gas agitation systems 100, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, and any variations of those elements, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent element of the gas agitation system 1400, and vice versa. By way of non-limiting examples, the gas agitation systems 900, 1000, 1100 of FIG. 9, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11, respectively, may be modified to include one or more of the double-acting fluid mover and integrated isolators as described below.

[0476] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 14, the gas agitation system 1400 may include one or more of surgical ports 1404a, 1404b, conduits 1406a, 1406b, filters 1408a, 1408b, isolators 1410a, 1410b, and fluid mover 1412. One, or both, of the filters 1408a, 1408b may be optionally omitted, for example.Double-Acting Fluid Mover

[0477] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 14, the fluid mover 1412 may include a single double-acting fluid mover.

[0478] Referring briefly to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, operation of a double-acting fluid mover is schematically illustrated. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, the double-acting fluid mover may be a double-acting pump, e.g., a double-acting fluid cylinder 1500. The double-acting fluid cylinder 1500 may include one or more of a100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 barrel 1502, a piston 1504, a rod 1506, a cap end port 1508, and a rod end port 1510. The piston 1504 may divide the barrel 1502 into a cap end and a rod end. The piston 1504 may be movable within the barrel 1502, e.g., between the cap end port 1508 and the rod end port 1510, varying the volumes of the cap end and the rod end. The piston 1504 may be moved by the rod 1506.

[0479] During a retraction stroke, as shown in FIG. 15, the rod 1506 is pushed towards the barrel 1502, e.g., driven by an actuator (not shown). The piston 1504 is driven toward the cap end port 1508. As the piston 1504 moves, the volume at the cap end of the barrel 1502 decreases and the volume at the rod end of the barrel 1502 increases. Fluid within the cap end of the barrel 1502 is displaced out through the cap end port 1508. Fluid is drawn into the rod end of the barrel 1502 through the rod end port 1510.

[0480] During an extension stroke, as shown in FIG. 16, the rod 1506 is pulled from the barrel 1502, e.g., driven by the actuator. The piston 1504 is driven toward the rod end port 1510. As the piston 1504 moves, the volume at the cap end of the barrel 1502 increases and the volume at the rod end of the barrel 1502 decreases. Fluid is drawn into the cap end of the barrel 1502 through the cap end port 1508. Fluid within the rod end of the barrel 1502 is displaced out through the rod end port 1510.

[0481] This double-acting configuration provides a pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows using a single fluid mover. The alternating bi-directional fluid flows are in antiphase with one another. One fluid flow may be about equal and opposite to the other at all times, without the need to mechanically or electronically synchronize two fluid movers. During use, the double-acting fluid mover may provide a net-zero change in one or more of volume and pressure.

[0482] Referring again to FIG. 14, the gas agitation system 1400 may include a fluid moving apparatus 1424. The fluid moving apparatus 1424 may include at least the fluid mover 1412 and a housing 1418 enclosing the fluid mover 1412. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 14, the fluid mover 1412 may include a fluid cylinder, e.g., a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The fluid cylinder may include a piston 1414 and a barrel 1416. In some examples, the fluid mover 1412 may include an actuator, such as a linear actuator, configured to drive the fluid cylinder, as described in further detail below.

[0483] In other examples, as shown in FIG. 17, the fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of fluid movers, e.g., single-acting fluid movers. Referring briefly to FIG. 17, antiphase operation of a pair of single-acting fluid movers is shown schematically. Each fluid mover includes a respective barrel 1702a, 1702b, piston 1704a, 1704b, and rod100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0011706a, 1706b. Each barrel includes a respective cap end port 1708a, 1708b. Each piston may be driven by a respective actuator or, in other examples, a common actuator.

[0484] By operating the two pistons 1704a, 1704b in antiphase (i.e., with a 180° phase offset), one piston 1704a performs an extension stroke while the other piston 1704b performs a retraction stroke, and vice versa. Operation of the fluid movers may be coordinated mechanically or electronically, as described above.Isolator Cartridge

[0485] In some examples, gas agitation systems according to the present technology may include an isolator cartridge 1420. The isolator cartridge may form an integrated unit configured to be removably coupled with the gas agitation system to fulfil the role of the isolator(s) as described above.

[0486] The isolator cartridge 1420 may be configured to be removably coupled with the fluid mover or fluid moving apparatus 1424, e.g., the housing 1418. The isolator cartridge 1420 may be configured to be removably coupled with the ducting, e.g., conduits 1406a, conduit 1406b.

[0487] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 14, the isolator cartridge may include a pair of isolators 1410a, 1410b. The pair of diaphragms 1426a, 1426b may correspond to the isolators 1410a, 1410b, respectively. The gas agitation system 1400 may be configured so that a single isolator cartridge is removably coupled with the fluid moving apparatus 1424 as a single unit, e.g., coupling with a pair of inlet / outlet ports of the housing 1418. The isolator cartridge may be configured to maintain separate fluid flow paths.

[0488] In other examples, the gas agitation system 1400 may be configured so that a pair of isolator cartridges are configured to be removably coupled to each other. A proximal isolator cartridge may be configured to be coupled with the fluid moving apparatus 1424. The proximal isolator cartridge may be reusable. A distal isolator cartridge may be configured to be coupled with the first isolator cartridge. The distal isolator cartridge may be disposable. The proximal isolator cartridge and the distal isolator cartridge together, when combined, may be similar to the isolator cartridge 1420.

[0489] In yet other examples, the (or each) isolator cartridge may include a single isolator. For example, a single isolator cartridge may be used in the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, or a pair of such isolator cartridges may be used in the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0490] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 14, the isolator cartridge 1420 may include a pair of diaphragms 1426a, 1426b. The diaphragms 1426a, 1426b may be configured to deform to transfer pressure or force from the fluid mover 1412 to the gases within the conduits 1406a, 1406b. The diaphragms 1426a, 1426b may be configured to deform to transfer pressure or force from the fluid mover 1412 to the gases within the body cavity 1402 of the patient. As shown in FIG. 14, the diaphragms 1426a, 1426b may be configured to invert, depending on the phase of the respective flow path.

[0491] Further details and examples of the isolator cartridge 1420 are described below with reference to the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 3600, 4000 and housing panel 4900.Fluid Moving Apparatus

[0492] FIG. 18 illustrates, in block diagram form, the mechanical and pneumatic systems of a fluid moving apparatus 1800 according to an example of the present technology. The fluid moving apparatus 1800 may be suitable for use as the fluid moving apparatus 1424 in the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14, for example.

[0493] The fluid moving apparatus 1800 may include one or more of an actuator 1802, a coupler 1804, a fluid mover 1806, valves 1808a, 1808b, vents 1810a, 1810b, and inlet / outlet ports 1812a, 1812b. In other examples, e.g., suitable for use in the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, the fluid moving apparatus may include a single valve, a single vent, and a single inlet / outlet port. In yet other examples, e.g., suitable for use in the gas agitation system 900 of FIG. 9, the fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of fluid movers.

[0494] One or more of the components of the fluid moving apparatus 1900, e.g., at least the actuator 1802, coupler 1804, and fluid mover 1806 may be enclosed within a housing.

[0495] The actuator 1802 may be configured to drive the fluid mover. In some examples, the actuator may include a linear actuator. The linear actuator may include a fluid cylinder moved directly by pressure), rack and pinion, reciprocating gear mechanism, or a motor and nut as described in further detail with reference to FIG. 19.

[0496] The coupler 1804 may mechanically couple actuator 1802 and the fluid mover 1806. In some examples, the coupler 1804 may be configured to convert rotational movement of the actuator to a linear movement.

[0497] The fluid mover 1806 may be configured to generate a recurrent fluid flow, e.g., an alternating bi-directional fluid flow, as described above.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0498] The fluid, e.g., working fluid, may be conveyed by internal ducting to the inlet / outlet ports 1812a, 1812b. The fluid moving apparatus 1800 includes a pair of inlet / outlet ports 1812a, 1812b and a corresponding pair of fluid flow paths to each. The fluid flow paths are isolated from each other.

[0499] In some examples, the optional valves 1808a, 1808b may be operable to relieve pressure (positive or negative pressure) in the working fluid. In some examples, the working fluid may be air and the valves 1808a, 1808b may be configured to relieve pressure by opening the fluid flow paths to ambient air via the vents 1810a, 1810b. In other examples, the valves 1808a, 1808b and / or vents 1810a, 1810b may communicate with an accumulator. In some examples, the valves 1808a, 1808b may communicate with a single common vent.

[0500] FIG. 19 illustrates, in block diagram form, the mechanical and pneumatic systems of a fluid moving apparatus 1900 according to another example of the present technology. The fluid moving apparatus 1900 may be suitable for use as the fluid moving apparatus 1424 in the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14, for example.

[0501] The fluid moving apparatus 1900 may include one or more of a motor 1902, a drive shaft, e.g., threaded rod 1904, a fluid mover 1908, a carriage 1906, valves 1912a, 1912b, vents 1914a, 1914b, and inlet / outlet ports 1916a and 1916b.

[0502] The motor 1902 may be configured to rotatably drive the threaded rod 1904. In some examples, the motor 1902 may be a stepper motor.

[0503] The threaded rod 1904 may be supported and rotatably mounted within the fluid moving apparatus 1900, e.g., enclosed by a housing, by one or more bearings. The bearings may be ball bearings, roller bearings, or plain bearings, and may be positioned at one or both ends of the threaded rod 1904, or at intermediate locations as required.

[0504] The carriage 1906 may mechanically couple the threaded rod 1904 with the fluid mover 1908, e.g., the rod 1910 and piston (not shown). In other examples, the carriage 1906 may mechanically couple the threaded rod 1904 directly with the piston. The carriage 1906 may be configured to move linearly along at least part of a length of the threaded rod 1904. The carriage 1906 may be configured to convert the rotational movement of the threaded rod 1904 to a linear movement. In some examples, the carriage 1906 may include a nut. The nut may be a ball nut. The ball nut may reduce friction between the threaded rod 1904 and the carriage 1906. The ball nut may include a helical raceway and a number of ball bearings. The ball bearings may fit between the threads of the threaded rod 1904 and the ball nut. The ball bearings may circulate around the helical raceway.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0505] Rotation of the threaded rod 1904 causes a linear movement of the carriage 1906 along the length of the threaded rod 1904, and a corresponding movement of the rod 1910 and piston of the fluid mover 1908. Operating the motor 1902 in a first direction may result in extension of the rod 1910. Operating the motor 1902 in a second, opposing, direction may result in retraction of the rod 1910.

[0506] As the rod 1910 and piston of the fluid mover are moved, fluid is displaced through the cap end port and the rod end port of the fluid mover 1908, respectively. The fluid is conveyed by internal ducting of the fluid moving apparatus 1900. The optional valves 1912a, 1912b may open to relieve pressure (positive pressure or negative pressure) in the fluid. The valves 1912a, 1912b may be selectively operated, e.g., during an initialization mode as described in further detail below with reference to FIGs. 59-63.

[0507] The fluid, e.g., working fluid, may be conveyed by the internal ducting to the inlet / outlet ports 1916a, 1916b. The fluid moving apparatus 1900 includes a pair of inlet / outlet ports 1916a, 1916b and a corresponding pair of fluid flow paths to each. The fluid flow paths are isolated from each other within the fluid moving apparatus 1900 (and, optionally, the gas agitation set described below), such that there is no fluid communication between the respective flow paths at or within the fluid moving apparatus 1900 itself. Any fluid connection between the flow paths occurs externally via the body cavity of the patient, in use.

[0508] FIG. 20 illustrates, in block diagram form, the mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, and control systems of a fluid moving apparatus 2000 according to an example of the present technology. The fluid moving apparatus 2000 may be suitable for use as the fluid moving apparatus 1424 in the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14, for example.

[0509] In FIG. 20, the continuous lines (e.g., from the fluid mover 2008 to the valve 2012a) represent fluid connections, the dashed lines (e.g., from the power supply 2018 to the motor 2002) represent power connections, and the dotted lines (e.g., from the controller 2020 to the motor 2002) represent communication connections.

[0510] Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the fluid moving apparatus 2000 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the fluid moving apparatus 1900 of FIG. 19. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of elements of the fluid moving apparatus 1900, and any variations of those elements, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent element of the fluid moving apparatus 2000, and vice versa.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0511] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 20, the fluid moving apparatus 2000 may include one or more of a power supply 2018 and a controller 2020.

[0512] The power supply 2018 may be configured to receive an input voltage and supply power at an appropriate voltage to one or more of the motor 2002, valves 2012a, 2012b, controller 2020, and display 2022. In some examples, the input voltage may be an alternating current (AC) voltage. In some examples, the input voltage may be a mains voltage, e.g., at one or more of 110 volts (V), 115 V, 120 V, 230 V, and 240 V. The power supply 2018 may include a transformer. In other examples, the input voltage may be a direct current (DC) voltage. The power supply 2018 may include a switch mode power supply (SMPS). In some examples, the power supply 2018 may include a battery.

[0513] The controller 2020 may be communicatively coupled with one or more of the motor 2002, e.g., via a motor driver integrated circuit (IC) (not shown), valves 2012a, 2012b, display 2022, and input device 2024. The controller 2020 may be configured to control one or more of the motor 2002 and the valves 2012a, 2012b. The controller 2020 may be configured to display information to a user, e.g., surgical personnel, via the display 2022. The controller 2020 may be configured to receive inputs from the user via one or more of the display 2022, e.g., a touch-screen display, and the input device 2024, e.g., a rotatable dial.

[0514] Further details of the controller 2020 are described with reference to FIG. 21.

[0515] FIG. 21 is a diagrammatic representation of an example controller 2100 configured to perform at least part of any one of the methods of the present technology. The controller 2100 may be used as the controller 2020 in the fluid moving apparatus 2000 if FIG. 20, for example.

[0516] The controller 2100 may be programmed with machine-readable instructions 2108 configured to cause the controller 2100 to perform one or more steps of any one of the disclosed methods. For example, the instructions 2108 may cause the controller 2100 to execute at least part of the method of FIG. 56. The instructions 2108 may transform a general, non-programmed controller 2100 into a particular controller 2100 programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described.

[0517] In some examples, the controller 2100 may operate as a standalone device. In other examples, the controller 2100 may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other peripherals and / or controller 2100.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0518] The controller 2100 may be, or include, a microcontroller. While only a single controller 2100 is illustrated, the term "controller" shall also be taken to include a collection of controllers that individually or jointly execute the instructions 2108 to perform at least part of any one or more of the disclosed methods and algorithms.

[0519] The controller 2100 may include one or more processors 2102, a memory 2104, and I / O components 2142. The processors 2102, memory 2104, and / or I / O components 2142 may be configured to communicate with each other, e.g., via a bus 2144.

[0520] In some examples, as illustrated, the processors 2102 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 2106 and a processor 2110 that may execute the instructions 2108. The term "processor" is intended to include multi-core processors that may include two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as "cores") that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG. 21 shows multiple processors 2102, the controller 2100 may include a single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination of such processors.

[0521] The memory 2104 may include one or more of a main memory 2112, a static memory 2114, and a storage unit 2116. The main memory 2112, static memory 2114, and / or storage unit 2116 may each be accessible to the processors 2102, e.g., via the bus 2144.

[0522] The main memory 2104, the static memory 2114, and / or storage unit 2116 may store the instructions 2108 for carrying out at least part of any one or more of the disclosed methods and algorithms.

[0523] The instructions 2108 may reside, completely or partially, within one or more of the main memory 2112, the static memory 2114, the machine-readable medium 2118, and the processors 2102 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory) during execution of the instructions 2108 by the controller 2100.

[0524] The I / O components 2142 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, transmit data, receive data, capture measurements, and so on. It will be appreciated that the I / O components 2142 may include many other components that are not shown in the example of FIG. 21. For example, the environmental components 2136 may include a particulate sensor as described above. Similarly, some or all of the example I / O components 2142 may be omitted. The I / O components 2142100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 are grouped according to functionality merely for simplifying the following discussion and the grouping is not intended to be limiting.

[0525] The I / O components 2142 may include output components 2128. The output components 2128 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), and / or haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms).

[0526] The I / O components 2142 may include input components 2130. The input components 2130 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touchscreen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and / or force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

[0527] In some examples, the I / O components 2142 may include biometric components 2132, motion components 2134, environmental components 2136, and / or position components 2138, among a wide array of other components.

[0528] For example, the biometric components 2132 may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like.

[0529] The motion components 2134 may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.

[0530] The environmental components 2136 may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detect concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0531] The position components 2138 may include location sensor components (e.g., a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver such as a global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), GALILEO, and / or BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

[0532] Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I / O components 2142 may include communication components 2140 operable to couple the controller 2100 to a network 2120 or devices 2122 via a coupling 2124 and / or a coupling 2126, respectively. The coupling 2124 and / or coupling 2126 may be wired or wireless. For example, the communication components 2140 may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network 2120. In some examples, the communication components 2140 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), and / or Wi-Fi® components. The devices 2122 may be another computing device or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a universal serial port (USB)).

[0533] The communication components 2140 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 2140 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and / or other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). The communication components 2140 may be configured to identify a conduit 106, for example. A variety of information may be derived via the communication components 2140, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

[0534] In some examples, the network 2120 may include an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or any combination of such networks. For example, the network 2120 may include a wireless or cellular network, and the coupling 2124100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or another type of cellular or wireless coupling. The coupling 2124 may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (lxRTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, fifth generation wireless (5G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

[0535] The instructions 2108 may be transmitted or received over the network 2120 using a transmission medium via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 2140) and utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 2108 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling 2126 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 2122.

[0536] The I / O components 2142 may be configured to input and / or output analog signals and / or digital signals. The controller 2100 may include one or more of an analog to digital converter (ADC) and digital to analog convert (DAC). For example, a sensor signal from a temperature sensor may be received as an analog signal. The analog temperature signal may be converted to a digital signal by the ADC for processing by the processors 2102 or storage in the memory 2104.Isolator Cartridge - First Example

[0537] FIGs. 22-31 illustrate an example of an isolator cartridge 2200 according to the present technology.

[0538] The isolator cartridge 2200 may be suitable for use in a gas agitation system during a minimally invasive procedure. For example, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be used in at least the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14. In other examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be adapted for use with alternative gas agitation systems, such as the gas agitation system 1000 of FIG. 1. For instance, an isolator cartridge suitable for use in the gas agitation system 1000 of FIG. 1 may correspond to one lateral half of the isolator cartridge 2200.

[0539] The isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to fluidly isolate a working fluid (e.g., hydraulic liquid or pneumatic gas) on one side, and the agitation gas on the other100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 side. The isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to fluidly isolate a fluid mover, such as the fluid mover 1412, from one or more of the ducting, conduit(s), and surgical port(s) of the gas agitation system. The isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to fluidly isolate the fluid mover from the patient. The isolator cartridge 2200 may form a barrier to one or more of a gas, a liquid, and pathogens. The isolator cartridge 2200 may thereby mitigate or prevent contamination of the fluid mover and facilitate safe and hygienic operation and re-use of the fluid moving apparatus in a medical environment.

[0540] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be disposable. In other examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to be reusable, e.g., after reprocessing. The reprocessing may include one or more of thermal, pressure, and chemical disinfection, e.g., autoclaving.

[0541] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to be removably attached directly to a fluid moving apparatus, such as any one of the fluid moving apparatuses 1424, 1900, 2000 of FIG. 14, FIG. 19, and FIG. 20, respectively. The isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to be physically and fluidly coupled with the fluid moving apparatus, e.g., in a single motion. The isolator cartridge 2200 may be secured to the fluid moving apparatus by a friction fit, snap engagement, latch, or other mechanism.

[0542] In at least some examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 provides a modular, replaceable component that facilitates convenient, hygienic, and cost-effective re-use of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0543] Further details of the structure and function of the isolator cartridge 2200, including its constituent components and operation, are described below with reference to FIGs. 22-31.Isolator housing

[0544] The isolator cartridge 2200 may include an isolator housing 2216.

[0545] The isolator housing 2216 may include a rounded rectangle shape when viewed from the front or rear, as shown in FIGs. 28 and 30.

[0546] In some examples, as best shown in the exploded diagram of FIG. 22 and the cross-sectional diagram of FIG. 25, the isolator housing 2216 may include a proximal housing portion 2218a and a distal housing portion 2218b. The proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may be configured to be engaged or engageable with one another to form the isolator housing 2216.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0547] In some examples, one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may each include a dome portion 2204 or, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, a pair of dome portions 2204. The dome portions 2204 may each have a hollow frustum shape. Side walls of each dome portion 2204 may converge distally from the base. The dome portions 2204 may form respective convex portions of the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b (i.e., convex when viewed externally, as shown in FIG. 23). The dome portions 2204 may each at least partially form one or more of a housing chamber, a working fluid chamber, and an agitation gas chamber, as described below. The dome portions 2204 may each at least partially provide space for displacement of a diaphragm, facilitating the transfer of pressure from the working fluid to the agitation gas, as described below.

[0548] The isolator housing 2216 define at least one housing chamber. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the isolator housing 2216 define a pair of housing chambers 2206a, 2206b. In other examples, e.g., configured for use in the gas agitation system 1000 of FIG. 1, the isolator housing 2216 may form a single housing chamber. Corresponding dome portions 2204 on the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may cooperate to form the respective housing chambers 2206a, 2206b when the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b are joined.

[0549] The housing chambers 2206a, 2206b may be separate from each other. The housing chambers 2206a, 2206b may be fluidly isolated from each other.

[0550] The housing chamber, or each housing chamber 2206a, 2206b, may be divided into two sub-chambers as described in further detail below with reference to the isolation member 2202.

[0551] The isolator housing 2216, e.g., one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b, may include a housing flange 2226. The housing flange 2226 may extend around a perimeter of the isolator cartridge 2200. The housing flange 2226 may extend between the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b. The housing flange 2226 may be configured to assist in one or more of joining and sealing the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b.

[0552] In some examples, the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may be permanently attached to each other. For example, by one or more of welding (e.g., one or more of hot plate welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, and solvent welding), and adhesives. In such examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may form a single integrated unit that may be easily installed, removed, and replaced as a whole.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0553] In other examples, the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may be at least in part removably attached to each other. For example, by way of one or more of a snap-fit, screws and threaded inserts, clips and latches, bayonet, interference fit, magnetic attachment, and a hinge. The proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b may include complementary attachment structures. In such examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be fully assembled for installation and removal from the fluid moving apparatus as a single unit. The isolator cartridge 2200 may be disassembled for one or more of cleaning, disinfection, recycling, and replacement of individual components, e.g., the isolation member 2202. In some examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be supplied preassembled, ready for installation and use. In some examples, components of the isolator cartridge 2200 may be supplied individually or as a kit of parts, for assembly before use. In some examples, as described in further detail with reference to the isolator cartridges 3200, 3600, 4000, two or more isolator cartridges may be configured to attach and cooperate to form an equivalent of the isolator cartridge 3200.

[0554] One or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b, e.g., the proximal housing portion 2218a, may include attachment structures, e.g., retaining clips 2222. The attachment structures, e.g., retaining clips 2222, may be configured to engage and retain one or more of the isolation member 2202 and the other of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b, e.g., the distal housing portion 2218b. In some examples, retaining clips 2222 provided on the proximal housing portion 2218a may be configured to engage and retain the isolation member 2202. Retaining clips retaining clip 2222 may be provided on each edge of the proximal housing portion 2218a, e.g., centrally along each of the four edges when viewed from the front or rear as shown in FIGs. 28 and 30.

[0555] The isolator housing 2216, e.g., proximal housing portion 2218a, may include one or more protrusions 2232. In some examples, the isolator housing 2216 may include one or more of upper protrusions 2232, e.g., along an upper edge of the isolator housing 2216, and lower protrusions 2232, e.g., along a lower edge of the isolator housing 2216. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 22, the proximal housing portion 2218a may include a pair of upper protrusions 2232 and a pair of lower protrusions 2232. The protrusions 2232 may be configured to facilitate engagement of the isolator cartridge 2200 and the fluid moving apparatus. The protrusions 2232 may be configured to facilitate retention of the isolator cartridge 2200 by the fluid moving apparatus.

[0556] The isolator housing 2216, e.g., one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b, may include a gusset 2602 (see FIG. 26). In some examples, a gusset 2602 may extend between one or more of the pairs of proximal and distal isolator ports, described below.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0557] The isolator cartridge may include additional features, such as alignment tabs, orientation keys, or visual indicators to facilitate one or more of assembly, installation, and use.

[0558] In some examples, the isolator housing 2216 may be translucent or transparent. A translucent or transparent isolator housing 2216 may permit visual inspection of the isolation member, and confirmation that the fluid moving apparatus is operating as expected.

[0559] The isolator housing 2216, e.g., one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b, may be relatively rigid, e.g., compared to the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b described below. The proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b may be sufficiently rigid so that they do not deform when the isolator cartridge 2200 is pressurized, in use.

[0560] In some examples, the isolator housing 2216, e.g., one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b, may be at least partially formed from a polymer material, e.g., a thermoplastic polymer material. For example, one or more of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES), polypropylene (PP), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS).

[0561] In some examples, one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b may each be formed entirely from a single material. In some examples, each of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b may be formed from the same material.

[0562] In some examples, the isolator housing 2216 may be formed by injection molding.Isolation member

[0563] In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the isolator cartridge 2200 may include an isolation member 2202.

[0564] The isolation member 2202, e.g., in combination with the isolator housing 2216, may be configured to fluidly isolate the working fluid (e.g., hydraulic liquid or pneumatic gas) on one side, and the agitation gas on the other side. The isolation member 2202 may be configured to fluidly isolate a fluid mover, such as the fluid mover 1412, from one or more of the distal housing portion 2218b, ducting, conduit(s), and surgical port(s) of the gas agitation system. The isolation member 2202 may be configured to fluidly isolate the fluid mover from the patient. The isolation member 2202 may form a barrier100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 to one or more of a gas, a liquid, surgical plume, and pathogens. The isolation member 2202 may thereby mitigate or prevent contamination of the fluid mover and facilitate safe and hygienic operation and re-use of the fluid moving apparatus in a medical environment.

[0565] The isolation member 2202 may inhibit or prevent unintended fluid communication between the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b, e.g., by providing a seal between the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b.

[0566] The isolation member 2202 may include a diaphragm or, as best shown in the exploded diagram of FIG. 22 and the cross-sectional diagram of FIG. 25, a pair of diaphragms 2224a, 2224b. The pair of diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may each correspond to a respective one of the pair of housing chambers 2206a, 2206b. In other examples, the isolation member may include alternative structures, such as bellows, plungers, or composite diaphragms.

[0567] The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured to divide each of the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b of the isolator housing 2216 into two portions or sub-chambers. The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may divide the respective housing chambers 2206a, 2206b of the isolator housing 2216 into a working fluid chamber 2208a, 2208b and an agitation gas chamber 2210a, 2210b. The working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b may each accommodate a volume of the working fluid, in use. The agitation gas chambers 2210a, 2210b may each accommodate a volume of the agitation gas, in use. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the working fluid chamber 2208a, 2208b may be configured to be proximal of the agitation gas chamber 2210a, 2210b, i.e., positioned closer to the fluid moving apparatus. The agitation gas chamber 2210a, 2210b may be distal of the fluid moving apparatus and the working fluid chamber 2208a, 2208b. Other arrangements are possible. For example, one or more of the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b may be divided into lateral portions.

[0568] The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured to deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to the agitation gas, in use. During operation, a pressure differential across the isolation member 2202 causes the diaphragm 2224a, 2224b to displace, thereby transferring pressure from the fluid mover to the agitation gas, without mixing of the fluids on either side of the isolation member 2202.

[0569] In some examples, one or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be preformed in a protruding shape, e.g., a dome portion shape. The dome shape have a hollow frustum shape. The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be shaped to complement an interior of the dome portions 2204 in the isolator housing 2216. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 25, the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured to be spaced100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 inwardly from the dome portions 2204 of the isolator housing 2216, e.g., prior to pressurization.

[0570] The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured to invert, in use. For example, the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured to invert from a concave dome or hollow frustum shape, e.g., protruding posteriorly as shown in FIG. 22, to a convex dome or hollow frustum shape, e.g., protruding anteriorly. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31 the pair of diaphragms 2224a, 2224b of the isolator cartridge 2200 may be formed, e.g., injection molded, so that they both protrude in the same direction. The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be configured so that, in use, they protrude in opposing directions. In some examples, the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may not be biased towards either direction.

[0571] In some examples, one or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be a rolling diaphragm.

[0572] The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may include an end wall and one or more side walls, as described in further detail below with reference to FIGs. 47-48.

[0573] One or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may include a sealing flange 2220a, 2220b. The sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be configured to sealingly engage the isolator housing 2216. The sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be configured to form a gasket between the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b of the isolator housing 2216, when joined. The sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be configured to be compressed between the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b of the isolator housing 2216, when joined. For example, between respective housing flanges 2226. The sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be integrally formed with the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b. In other examples, the sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be a separate component of the isolator cartridge 2200.

[0574] In some examples, the isolation member 2202 may include a frame 2228. The frame 2228 may join the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b to form a single integral unit. The frame 2228 may be configured to locate the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b within the isolator housing 2216. For example, the frame 2228 may position the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b at a distance corresponding to the spacing of the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b of the isolator housing 2216.

[0575] The frame 2228 may include an attachment structure 2230. The attachment structure 2230 may be configured for securing the isolation member 2202 to the isolator housing 2216, e.g., one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a and distal housing portion 2218b. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the attachment100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 structure 2230 may include a tab and aperture. The attachment structure 2230 configured to be stretched over a retaining clip 2222. The retaining clip 2222 may be located on the proximal housing portion 2218a, for example.

[0576] In other examples, the isolator cartridge 2200 may include two separate isolation members - one for each of the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b. Each of the isolation members may include a respective frame, or the frame may be omitted.

[0577] The isolation member 2202, e.g., one or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b, may be relatively flexible, e.g., compared to the isolator housing 2216. The diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be sufficiently flexible so that they freely deform when the housing chambers are pressurized, in use.

[0578] In some examples, isolation member 2202, e.g., one or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b, may be at least partially formed from a polymer material, e.g., an elastomeric polymer material. For example, one or more of a silicone elastomer, silicone rubber, polyurethane elastomer, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyisoprene, and polyether block amide (PEBA).

[0579] In some examples, each of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b may be formed from the same material. In some examples, each of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b and the frame 2228 may be formed from the same material. In some examples, the isolation member 2202 may be formed entirely from a single material. In other examples, the frame 2228 may be formed from a different material to the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b. The frame 2228 may be formed from a relatively rigid material, e.g., any of the materials listed above in relation to the isolator housing 2216.

[0580] In some examples, the isolation member 2202 may be formed by injection molding. In some examples, e.g., where the frame 2228 and the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b are formed from different materials, the isolation member 2202 may be formed by overmolding, e.g., by overmolding the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b to the frame 2228.Isolator ports

[0581] The isolator cartridge 2200 may include a proximal isolator port or, as best shown in FIGs. 24-25 and 30, a pair of proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be formed in the isolator housing 2216, e.g., the distal housing portion 2218b, of the isolator cartridge 2200.

[0582] The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be configured to fluidly couple the isolator cartridge 2200 with the fluid moving apparatus.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0583] Each of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be configured to fluidly couple one of the working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b with a respective inlet / outlet port 1916a, 1916b (see FIG. 19) of the fluid moving apparatus. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be configured to locate the isolator cartridge 2200 with respect to the fluid moving apparatus. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be configured to physically couple the isolator cartridge 2200 with the fluid moving apparatus.

[0584] The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be fluidly isolated from each other.

[0585] The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be provided at respective dome portions 2204 of the isolator housing 2216. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be offset from a center of the respective dome portions 2204, e.g., towards a center of the isolator cartridge 2200. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be horizontally aligned with each other.

[0586] The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may project from the isolator housing 2216. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be insert connectors, i.e., configured to be inserted within the respective inlet / outlet ports 1916a, 1916b.

[0587] The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may have parallel axes.

[0588] In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may have a cylindrical or frustoconical shape. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b may be tapered.

[0589] The isolator cartridge 2200 may include a distal isolator port or, as best shown in FIGs. 22-23 and 28, a pair of distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be formed in the isolator housing 2216, e.g., the proximal housing portion 2218a, of the isolator cartridge 2200.

[0590] The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be configured to pneumatically couple the isolator cartridge 2200 with the body cavity of the patient, e.g., via one or more of ducting, a conduit, a filter, and a surgical port as described above.

[0591] Each of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be configured to pneumatically couple the agitation gas chambers 2210a, 2210b of the housing chambers 2206a, 2206b with respective gas flow paths of the gas agitation system, e.g., gas agitation system 1400. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be configured to physically couple the isolator cartridge 2200 with respective conduits, e.g., conduits 1406a, 1406b (see FIG. 14), for example. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 be configured to be removably coupled with respective conduits. In other examples, the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be permanently attached to respective conduits.

[0592] The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be fluidly isolated from each other. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be fluidly isolated from the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b and the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may all be fluidly isolated from each other.

[0593] The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be provided at respective dome portions 2204 of the isolator housing 2216. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be offset from a center of the respective dome portions 2204, e.g., towards a center of the isolator cartridge 2200. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be horizontally aligned with each other.

[0594] The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may project from the isolator housing 2216. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be insert connectors, i.e., configured to be inserted within the respective conduits.

[0595] The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may have parallel axes. The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b and distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may each have parallel axes. Axes of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be laterally offset from axes of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b.

[0596] In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may have a cylindrical or frustoconical shape. The distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be tapered. One or more of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may include a barb. The barb may provide a lead-in chamfer. The barb may be configured to retain a conduit, e.g., in an interference fit.

[0597] One or more of a size and shape of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may differ from those of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 22-31, one or more of an inner diameter and an outer diameter of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may differ from the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The inside diameter and the outside diameter of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be less than the inside diameter of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The outside diameter of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b may be less than half, less than a third, or about a quarter of the inside diameter of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b.Isolator Cartridge - Second Example100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0598] FIGs. 32-35 illustrate another example of an isolator cartridge 3200 according to the present technology.

[0599] Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the isolator cartridge 3200 may be similar to the equivalent elements of the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element of the isolator cartridge 2200, and any variations of that element, is intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of isolator cartridge 3200, and vice versa.

[0600] The isolator cartridge 3200 may include an isolator housing 3216. In some examples, the isolator housing 3216 may include one or more of the elements of the distal housing portion 2218b as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. The isolator housing 3216 may include one or more of distal isolator ports 3212a, 3212b, dome portions 3218, housing flange 3220, retaining clips 3214, and protrusions 3226. In some examples, the isolator housing 3216 may be identical to the distal housing portion 2218b. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 32-35, the isolator housing 3216 may include a single housing portion.

[0601] The isolator cartridge 3200 may include an isolation member 3202. In some examples, the isolation member 3202 may include one or more of the elements of the isolation member 2202 as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. In some examples, the isolation member 3202 may include one or more of diaphragms 3206a, 3206b, sealing flanges 3204a, 3204b, frame 3222, and attachment structures 3224. In some examples, the isolation member 3202 may be identical to the isolation member 2202.

[0602] The isolator housing 3216, e.g., dome portions 3218, and isolation member 3202, e.g., diaphragms 3206a, 3206b, in combination may form the agitation gas chambers 3210a, 3210b.

[0603] As shown in FIGs. 32-35, the isolator cartridge 3200 may omit one or more of the proximal housing portion 2218a, proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b, and working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b of the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31.

[0604] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3200 may be configured to attach directly to a fluid moving apparatus. The fluid moving apparatus may include elements corresponding to the elements of the proximal housing portion 2218a from the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31. The fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of inlet / outlet ports corresponding to the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The fluid moving apparatus may include a recess corresponding to the second proximal housing100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 portion 2218a, e.g., recesses corresponding to the dome portions 2204 of the proximal housing portion 2218a.

[0605] The isolator cartridge 3200 and fluid moving apparatus in combination may form the working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b.

[0606] In other examples, the isolator cartridge 3200 may be configured to be attached to a further cartridge. The further cartridge may in turn be configured to be permanently or removably attached to the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the further cartridge may include one or more of the elements of the proximal housing portion 2218a as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. In some examples, the further cartridge may be identical to the proximal housing portion 2218a, in which case the combination of the isolator cartridge 3200 and further cartridge together may resemble the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31.

[0607] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3200 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge after the further cartridge is attached to the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3200 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge before the further cartridge is attached to the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3200 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge either before or after the further cartridge is attached to the fluid moving apparatus.Isolator Cartridge - Third Example

[0608] FIGs. 36-39 illustrate another example of an isolator cartridge 3600 according to the present technology.

[0609] Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the isolator cartridge 3600 may be similar to the equivalent elements of one or more of the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31 and the isolator cartridge 3200 of FIGs. 32-35. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element of the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, and any variations, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of the isolator cartridge 3600, and vice versa.

[0610] The isolator cartridge 3600 may include an isolator housing 3608. In some examples, the isolator housing 3608 may include one or more of the elements of the distal housing portion 2218b as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. The isolator housing 3608 may include one or more of distal isolator ports 3604a, 3604b, dome portions 3610, housing flange 3612, retaining clips 3606, and protrusions 3614. In some examples, the isolator housing 3608 may be identical to the distal housing100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 portion 2218b. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 36-39, the isolator housing 3608 may include a single housing portion.

[0611] The isolator housing 3608, e.g., dome portions 3610, may partially form agitation gas chambers 3602a, 3602b.

[0612] As shown in FIGs. 36-39, the isolator cartridge 3600 may omit the proximal housing portion 2218a and one or more of the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b, and working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b of the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22- 31.

[0613] As shown in FIGs. 36-39, the isolator cartridge 3600 may omit the isolation member 2202 and one or more of the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b, sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b, frame 2228, and attachment structures 2230.

[0614] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3600 may be configured to attach directly to a fluid moving apparatus. The fluid moving apparatus may include elements corresponding to the elements of the proximal housing portion 2218a and the isolation member 2202 from the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31. The fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of inlet / outlet ports corresponding to the proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b. The fluid moving apparatus may include a recess corresponding to the proximal housing portion 2218a, e.g., recesses corresponding to the dome portions 2204 of the proximal housing portion 2218a. The fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of diaphragms corresponding to the diaphragms 2224a, 2224b. The fluid moving apparatus may include a pair of working fluid chambers corresponding to the working fluid chambers 2208a, 2208b. The isolator cartridge 3600 and fluid moving apparatus, e.g., diaphragms, in combination may form the agitation gas chambers 2210a, 2210b.

[0615] In other examples, the isolator cartridge 3600 may be configured to be attached to a further cartridge. The further cartridge may in turn be configured to be permanently or removably attached to the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the further cartridge may include one or more of the elements of the proximal housing portion 2218a and isolation member 2202 as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. In some examples, the further cartridge may be identical to the combination of the proximal housing portion 2218a and isolation member 2202, in which case the combination of the isolator cartridge 3600 and further cartridge together may resemble the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31.

[0616] In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3600 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge after the further cartridge is attached to the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3600 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge before the further cartridge is attached to the fluid100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 moving apparatus. In some examples, the isolator cartridge 3600 may be configured to be attached to the further cartridge either before or after the further cartridge is attached to the fluid moving apparatus.Isolator Cartridge - Fourth Example

[0617] FIGs. 40-43 illustrate a fourth example of an isolator cartridge 4000 according to the present technology.

[0618] Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the isolator cartridge 4000 may be similar to the equivalent elements of one or more of the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 3600 of FIGs. 22-31, FIGs. 32-35, and FIGs. 36-39, respectively. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element of the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 3600 and any variations, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of the isolator cartridge 4000, and vice versa.

[0619] The isolator cartridge 4000 may include an isolator housing 4018. In some examples, the isolator housing 4018 may include one or more of the elements of the proximal housing portion 2218a as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. The isolator housing 4018 may include one or more of proximal isolator ports 4010a, 4010b, dome portions 4020, and housing flange 4022. In some examples, the isolator housing 4018 may be identical to the proximal housing portion 2218a. In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 40-43, the isolator housing 4018 may include a single housing portion.

[0620] The isolator cartridge 4000 may include an isolation member 4002. In some examples, the isolation member 4002 may include one or more of the elements of the isolation member 2202 as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31. In some examples, the isolation member 4002 may include one or more of diaphragms 4016a, 4016b, sealing flanges 4014a, 4014b, frame 4024, and attachment structures 4026. In some examples, the isolation member 4002 may be identical to the isolation member 2202.

[0621] As shown in FIGs. 40-43, the isolator cartridge 4000 may omit the distal housing portion 2218b, and one or more of the distal isolator ports 2214a, 2214b, retaining clips 2222, and protrusions 2232, of the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22- 31.

[0622] The isolator cartridge 4000 may be configured to attach directly to a fluid moving apparatus. The proximal isolator ports 4010a, 4010b may be coupled with a pair of inlet / outlet ports of the fluid moving apparatus. The isolator cartridge 4000 may be configured to permanently or removably attached to the fluid moving apparatus.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0623] The isolator cartridge 4000 may be configured to be attached to a further cartridge. The further cartridge may form part of a gas agitation set as described in further detail below. In some examples, the further cartridge may include one or more of the elements of one or more of the distal housing portion 2218b as described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31, and the isolator cartridge 3600 of FIGs. 36-39. In some examples, the further cartridge may be identical to one or more of the first distal housing portion 2218b and the isolator cartridge 3600.Isolation Member

[0624] FIGs. 44-48 illustrate various views of an isolation member 4400 according to an example of the present technology. The isolation member 4400 may be used in the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 4000, for example.

[0625] Aside from the differences described below or otherwise apparent from the drawings, elements of the isolation member 4400 may be similar to the equivalent elements of one or more of the isolation members 2202, 3202, 4002 of the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 4000 described above with reference to FIGs. 22-31, FIGs. 32- 35, and FIGs. 40-43, respectively. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the description of an element of the isolation members 2202, 3202, 4002, and any variants, are intended to apply equally to the equivalent elements of the isolation member 4400, and vice versa.

[0626] The isolation member 4400 may be used as the isolation member 2202, 3202, 4002 in any one of the isolator cartridges 2200, 3200, 4000 described with reference to FIGs. 22-31, FIGs. 32-35, and FIGs. 40-43, respectively.

[0627] In some examples, as shown in FIGs. 44-48, the isolation member 4400 may include any one or more of a sealing flange 4406a, 4406b, diaphragm 4408a, 4408b, frame 4410, and attachment structure 4412. The diaphragm 4408a, 4408b, in use, may at least in part define an agitation gas chamber 4402a, 4402b and a working fluid chamber 4404a, e.g., by dividing a housing chamber into two portions or sub-chambers when the isolation member 4400 is disposed within an isolator housing.

[0628] In some examples, the isolation member 4400 may be one or more of formed, supplied, stored, and installed with the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b each protruding in the same direction, e.g., the posterior direction, as shown in FIGs. 44-47.

[0629] Referring in particular to FIG. 47 and FIG. 48, the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may each include one or more of an end wall 4702a, 4702b and one or more side walls 4704a, 4704b.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0630] In some examples, as shown throughout the drawings, the end walls 4702a, 4702b may have a quadrilateral shape, e.g., a square shape, when viewed from the front or rear. Each of the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may accordingly have four side walls 4704a, 4704b. The side walls 4704a, 4704b may be inclined, e.g., converge towards the end walls 4702a, 4702b. Together, end walls 4702a, 4702b and side walls 4704a, 4704b may give the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b a hollow frustum shape.

[0631] The side walls 4704a, 4704b may be more flexible than the end walls 4702a, 4702b. As best shown in FIGs. 47-48, the side walls 4704a, 4704b may be thinner than the end walls 4702a, 4702b. A thickness of the end walls 4702a, 4702b may taper at their outer edges, as shown in FIG. 47 and FIG. 48.

[0632] The diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may be rolling diaphragms. The side walls 4704a, 4704b may be configured such that, as the rolling diaphragms are deformed by a pressure differential between the working fluid chambers 4404a (only one shown) and the corresponding agitation gas chambers 4402a, 4402b during use, the force required to deform the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b remains substantially constant throughout the range of motion. This may be achieved, for example, by configuring the geometry and material properties of the side walls 4704a, 4704b and the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b to maintain a uniform rolling action and minimize variations in elastic resistance as the diaphragms move between rest and deformed positions. For example, by including the relatively thin side walls 4704a, 4704b and relatively thick end walls 4702a, 4702b shown and described with reference to FIG. 25, FIG. 47, and FIG. 48.

[0633] The end walls 4702a, 4702b may be configured to resist deformation when subject to the pressure differential. The end walls 4702a, 4702b may be configured to move, e.g., in a generally linear direction (e.g., up or down, in the orientation illustrated in FIG. 47 and FIG. 48), when subject to the pressure differential.

[0634] The diaphragms 4408a, 4408b, e.g., diaphragm 4408a as shown in FIG. 48, may be configured to invert when the gas agitation system is pressurized in use. The diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may be configured to invert gradually, rather than abruptly.

[0635] FIG. 48 illustrates the respective diaphragms 4408a, 4408b at, or near, one of their respective limits of deformation, in use. For example, the illustrated positions of the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may correspond to full extension (or full retraction) of the fluid mover. With the diaphragm 4408a in the illustrated positioned, the working fluid chamber 4404a may be at a maximum volume, and the agitation gas chamber may be at a minimum volume. Conversely, with the diaphragm 4408b in the illustrated positioned, the working fluid chamber 4904b may be at a minimum volume, and the agitation gas chamber 4402b may be at a maximum volume. The respective positions100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 of the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b, and volumes of the chambers, may be the reverse when the fluid mover is at full retraction (or full extension). The diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may vary continuously between the two positions, in use.

[0636] In some examples, the diaphragms 4408a, 4408b may be configured to conform, at least in part, to an interior surface of respective dome portions of the isolator housing, in use.

[0637] In some examples, as best shown in FIG. 47 and FIG. 48, the sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may each include a sealing lip 4706. The sealing lips 4706 may be configured so that sealing is enhanced by a positive pressure within the respective chambers of the isolation member 4400. The sealing lips 4706 may be arcuate in crosssection. The arcuate sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be concave towards a center of the diaphragm 2224a, 2224b. In other examples, the sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be entirely planar and / or parallel with one or more of the housing flanges 2226. The sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b may be configured such that, upon assembly of the proximal housing portion 2218a and the distal housing portion 2218b, the sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b are compressed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sealing flanges 2220a, 2220b.Gas Agitation Set

[0638] One or more components of gas agitation systems according to the present technology may be supplied as a kit of parts, referred to as a gas agitation set or, in some cases, a gas agitation circuit. The gas agitation set may be packaged together, e.g., in one or more sealed bags. The gas agitation set may be partially or completely pre-assembled.

[0639] The gas agitation set may include any one or more of the:• surgical ports 104, 904a, 904b, 804a, 804b, 1004a, 1004b, 1104a, 1104b• ducting, e.g., conduits 106, 806a, 806b, 906a, 906b, 1006a, 1006b, 1130, 1132. filters 108, 808, 908a, 908b, 1008a, 1008b, 1108. isolators 110, 810, 910a, 910b, 1008a, 1008b, 1110a, 1110b• isolator cartridges 1420, 2200, 3200, 3600, 4000• isolator housings 2216, 3216, 3608, 4018• isolation members 2202, 3202, 3208, 4002, 4400100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001• valve systems 840, 1140.

[0640] The gas agitation set may include one or more components of the gas agitation system which are intended to be used for a single patient (the "single-use components"). For example, all of the single-use components of the gas agitation system. The gas agitation set may include at least part of the ducting, e.g., a conduit.

[0641] The gas agitation set may include one or more components of the gas agitation system which are intended to be used for two or more patients (the "multi-use components").

[0642] The gas agitation set may include both single-use components and multi-use components. The single-use components may be packaged separately from the multiuse components. The gas agitation set may include two or more sets of the single-use components, and a single set of the multi-use components. Or two or more sets of the single-use components for each set of the multi-use components. Each set of the singleuse components may be packaged separately.

[0643] In some examples, a gas agitation set may include at least the conduit 106. The gas agitation set may include one or more of the surgical port 104, filter 108, and isolator 110. In another example, a gas agitation set for the gas agitation system 1100 may include at least the inlet ducting 1130 and outlet ducting 1132. The gas agitation set may include one or more of the surgical port 1104a, surgical port 1104b, filter 1108, isolator 1110a, isolator 1110b, and valve system 1140. In some examples, the gas agitation set does not include any surgical ports, allowing the hospital or surgeon to use an existing or preferred surgical port, for example.

[0644] In one example, a gas agitation set may include an isolator cartridge and one or more conduits. The gas agitation set may include an isolator cartridge and a pair of conduits. Each of the pair of conduits may be coupled, or configured to be coupled, with the isolator cartridge. The isolator cartridge may include the distal housing portion, and optionally one or more of the isolation member and proximal housing portion, as described above. The pair of conduits may be coupled, or configured to be coupled, with respective distal isolator ports of the isolator cartridge. The gas agitation set may optionally include one or more of a filter and surgical port.Fluid Moving Apparatus Housing

[0645] FIGs. 49-54 illustrates various views of part of a housing panel 4900 of a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology. The housing panel 4900 may form part of a housing configured to enclose one or more of the components of the fluid moving apparatuses 1900, 2000, as described above with100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 reference to FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, respectively. The housing panel 4900 may form a front part of the housing and fluid moving apparatus, for example.

[0646] In FIGs. 49-51, the housing panel 4900 is shown with the isolator cartridge 2200 of FIGs. 22-31 attached. In FIGs. 52-54, the housing panel 4900 is shown with the isolator cartridge 4000 of FIGs. 40-43 attached.

[0647] The housing panel 4900 may include, or accommodate, a pair of inlet / outlet ports (hidden in FIGs. 49-54) so that the inlet / outlet ports are externally accessible. The inlet / outlet ports may be fluidly coupled with the fluid mover of the fluid moving apparatus. The inlet / outlet ports may be fluidly isolated from each other.

[0648] The housing panel 4900, e.g., a front wall of the housing panel 4900, may include a recess 4902. The recess 4902 may be configured to receive at least part of an isolator cartridge, as described in further detail below. The inlet / outlet ports may be located within the recess 4902, e.g., centrally. The recess 4902 may further include a concavity, or a pair of concavities, complementing the convex shape of dome portions of the isolator cartridge, e.g., dome portions 2204 of isolator cartridge 2200.

[0649] The front wall of the housing panel 4900 may be inclined. An inclined front panel may improve one or more of access and visibility of the front wall, e.g., one or more of the isolator cartridge, a display, and an input device mounted to, or exposed through, the front wall. The inclined front panel may assist with attachment of the isolator cartridge, as described below.

[0650] The housing panel 4900, e.g., recess 4902, may include a ledge 4904. The ledge 4904 may be configured to retain the isolator cartridge to the housing panel 4900. The ledge 4904 may be located along a lower surface of the recess.

[0651] The housing panel 4900 may include a retaining member, e.g., latch 4906. The latch 4906 may be configured to retain an isolator cartridge mounted to the housing panel 4900. The latch 4906 may be biased towards a closed position, e.g., by a spring. The latch 4906 may be considered to deflect, e.g., deflect upwardly, to permit installation of the isolator cartridge, e.g., isolator cartridge 2200. The latch 4906 may be configured to engage an upper edge of the isolator cartridge, e.g., the housing flange 2226. In other examples, a latch may alternatively, or additionally, be provided on the isolator cartridge.

[0652] The housing panel 4900 may include a button 4908. The button 4908 may be configured to selectively release the latch 4906 when depressed. The latch 4906 and button 4908 may be integrally formed, and pivotally attached to the housing panel 4900. Pushing down on the button 4908 may deflect the latch 4906 upwardly, permitting the100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 isolator cartridge, e.g., isolator cartridge 2200, to be removed from the housing panel 4900.

[0653] A latch assembly, including the latch 4906 and button 4908, may be attached to the housing panel 4900, e.g., by threaded fasteners.

[0654] In some examples, an isolator cartridge may be attached to the housing panel 4900 by positioning a lower edge of the isolator cartridge, e.g., housing flange 2226, behind the ledge 4904. An upper edge of the isolator cartridge may then be pivoted rearwardly towards the housing panel 4900 to engage the latch 4906. In some examples, the latch 4906 may be deflected by the rearward movement of the isolator cartridge. For example, one or more of the latch 4906 and the isolator cartridge may include a lead-in chamfer. In other examples, the button 4908 may need to be depressed. The latch 54 may resiliently return to a closed position to secure the isolator cartridge to the housing panel 4900. In some examples, the latch 4906 may provide feedback, e.g., one or more of tactile and audible feedback, confirming proper attachment of the isolator cartridge 2200, as it returns to the closed position.

[0655] The housing panel 4900 may include a display opening 4910. The display opening 4910 may be configured to accommodate a display of the fluid moving apparatus. The display may be mounted to the housing panel 4900 of a chassis of the fluid moving apparatus, for example. The display may be configured to display information to the user, e.g., regarding the current status or settings of the fluid moving apparatus. In some examples, the display may be a touchscreen display. The touchscreen display may be configured to receive inputs from a user.

[0656] The housing panel 4900 may include an input device opening 4912. The input device opening 4912 may be configured to accommodate an input device of the fluid moving apparatus. The touchscreen display may be configured to receive inputs from a user. In some examples, the input device may be, or include, a dial. The dial may be rotatable, e.g., to navigate a menu or adjust a parameter of the fluid moving apparatus. The dial may be depressible, e.g., for use as a pushbutton to select a menu item or confirm a parameter of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0657] Referring in particular to FIGs. 49-51, the isolator cartridge 2200 may be configured to be attached to, and removed from, the housing panel 4900 as a single unit. The housing panel 4900 may include a pair of inlet / outlet ports (not shown). The proximal isolator ports 2212a, 2212b of the isolator cartridge 2200 may each couple with a respective inlet / outlet port of the housing panel 4900.

[0658] Referring in particular to FIGs. 52-54, in some examples the isolator cartridge 4000 may be configured to be attached to, and removed from, the housing panel 4900.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001In other examples, the isolator cartridge 4000, e.g., the isolator housing 4018 and optionally the isolation member 4002 (see FIGs. 40-43), may be permanently attached to, or integrated with, the isolator cartridge 4000. A further cartridge, e.g., the isolator cartridge 3600 described above with reference to FIGs. 36-39, may be configured to be removably attached to one or more of the isolator cartridge 4000 and the housing panel 4900. The isolator cartridge 4000 and the isolator cartridge 3600 together may form the agitation gas chambers 3602a, 3602b.Surgical Insufflation and Agitation System

[0659] The gas agitation systems and components described herein may be suitable, or configured, for use in one or more of robotically assisted surgery (RAS) and traditional minimally invasive procedures, e.g., laparoscopic surgery. For example, in one or more of a single port system (i.e., a single incision into the patient with a single surgical port providing access for multiple surgical instruments) and a multi-port system (i.e., multiple incisions and multiple surgical ports, each providing access for one or more surgical instruments).

[0660] FIG. 55 is a schematic diagram of an example surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 according to the present technology.

[0661] The surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 may include a gas agitation system 5510 and a surgical insufflation system 5520. In some examples, the surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 may also be considered as including the laparoscopy system 5530.Gas agitation system

[0662] The gas agitation system 5510 may be any one of the gas agitation systems or variants described above, e.g., gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, gas agitation system 800 of FIG. 8, gas agitation system 900 of FIG. 9, gas agitation system 1000 of FIG. 10, or gas agitation system 1100 of FIG. 11.

[0663] The gas agitation system 5510 may be one or more of physically and operationally independent from the surgical insufflation system 5520. In at least some examples, the gas agitation system 5510 and the surgical insufflation system 5520 are not pneumatically coupled with each other, except through the body cavity of the patient. The controller of the gas agitation system 5510 may be separate from a controller of the surgical insufflation system 5520. In at least some examples, the gas agitation system 5510 and the surgical insufflation system 5520 may not need, or be configured, to communicate with each other. The gas agitation system 5510 therefore may be used in conjunction with a wide range of different surgical insufflation systems100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0015520 without compatibility issues. The choice of surgical insufflation system 5520 may be determined by availability, or preferences of the surgical staff, for example.

[0664] Because the gas agitation system 5510 may be a closed system, in at least some examples relatively little gas, heat, and moisture is lost, e.g., to ambient air. Moreover, in at least some examples, e.g., the gas agitation system 100 of FIG. 1, the filter may act as a heat and moisture exchanger (HME). The filter may capture moisture, e.g., water vapor, from the gas during an extraction phase. The filter may then release moisture to the gas during the injection phase.

[0665] In some examples, the filter may include two or more separate filter media, or a composite filter medium. One filter medium, e.g., a pleated filter medium, may be configured to capture matter found in surgical plume, such as one or more of ultra-fine particulates, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, and aerosols. The pleated filter medium may be a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. One filter medium, e.g., a foam filter medium, may be configured to capture moisture, e.g., water vapor. One filter medium, e.g., a carbon filter medium, may be configured to capture adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The carbon filter medium may include activated carbon. In some examples, the filter may include both a foam filter medium and a pleated filter medium. In some examples, the filter may include both a pleated filter medium and a carbon filter medium.

[0666] In other examples, the gas agitation system may alternatively, or additionally, include a separate fluid trap, e.g., HME, configured to capture moisture from the gas.

[0667] FIG. 55 shows schematic examples of the housing 5511 and user interface 5512 of the gas agitation systems of the present technology. The housing 5511 may at least partially enclose one or more of the fluid movers, controller, and user interface, for example. The user interface 5512 in this example includes a display 5513, e.g., a touchscreen display, a dial 5514, and buttons 5515. The dial 5514 may be rotatable in opposing directions to respectively increase or decrease parameter of the gas agitation system 5510, e.g., a frequency of the fluid mover. The dial 5514 may include a potentiometer or a rotary encoder, for example. One of the buttons 5515 may be a power button for turning the gas agitation system 5510 on or off, or putting the gas agitation system 5510 into standby, for example. The buttons 5515 may be pushbuttons, e.g., momentary switches or a latching push button switch.

[0668] The gas agitation system 5510 in the illustrated example supplies a recurrent gas flow to the patient via the surgical port 5516.

[0669] The gas agitation system 5510 may ensure that the surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 complies with smoke evacuation regulations or guidelines without100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 compromising patient outcomes. In at least some examples, the surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 including the gas agitation system 5510 may at a minimum may be no worse for the patient than the current standard of care, i.e., insufflating the patient's body cavity with a cold, dry gas.Surgical insufflation system

[0670] The surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500 may include a surgical insufflation system 5520.

[0671] The surgical insufflation system 5520 may include one or more gas sources configured to supply an insufflation gas to the body cavity of the patient. The insufflation gas may be, or include, carbon dioxide (CO2), for example. The one or more gas sources may include one or more of a wall source, e.g., a supply of gas from a remote source, and a compressed gas cylinder 5522, for example. In other examples, the gas source may be, or include, ambient air. The ambient air may be pressurized by a centrifugal blower, for example.

[0672] The insufflation gas may be received by an insufflator supply conduit 5523 and supplied to an insufflator 5524.

[0673] The insufflator 5524 may be configured to control a pressure of the insufflation gas delivered to the patient. In some examples, the insufflator 5524 may be configured to supply insufflation gas to the patient at a pressure of between about 5 mmHg and 30 mmHg. The selected pressure may depend on the size of the patient and the required inflation.

[0674] The insufflator 5524 may be configured to supply the insufflation gas to the patient at an average flow rate of between about 0 L / min and 100 L / min, between about 0 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 0 L / min and 20 L / min, or between about 0 L / min and 1 L / min. The actual flow rate may depend on the system and requirements of the specific operation. For example, with little or no leakage in the system, the flow rate of the insufflation gas from the insufflator 5524 to the patient may be between about 0 L / min to 1 L / min.

[0675] The insufflator 5524 may control the pressure of the insufflation gas by controlling a proportional solenoid valve or the speed of a motor of the centrifugal blower, for example.

[0676] The insufflator 5524 may include one or more sensors, e.g., a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the insufflation gas.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0677] The insufflator 5524 may include a user interface. The user interface of the insufflator 5524 may be generally similar to the user interface of the gas agitation systems described elsewhere. The user interface may be configured to receive inputs for controlling the insufflator 5524, e.g., a desired pressure for the insufflation gas supplied to the patient.

[0678] The insufflator 5524 may include an insufflator controller. The insufflator controller may be configured to control operation of the insufflator 5524, e.g., to control the pressure of the insufflation gas delivered to the patient. For example, the insufflator controller may control one or more of the proportional solenoid valve and the centrifugal blower. The insufflator controller may receive inputs from one or more of the sensors and the user interface.

[0679] The insufflator 5524 supplies the pressurized insufflation gas to a delivery conduit 5525, which conveys the insufflation gas to the body cavity of the patient via the surgical port 5526.

[0680] Although not shown in FIG. 55, the surgical insufflation system 5520 may optionally include a humidifier configured to heat and / or humidify the insufflation gas supplied to the patient. The humidifier may be any suitable type, such as an active or passive humidifier, and may employ one or more of various humidification techniques. For example, one or more of a pass-over, heat-and-moisture exchange (HME), vaporizing, or wicking-type humidifier. By way of example, the humidifier may be an F&.P HumiGard™ SH870 Surgical Humidifier available from Fisher &. Paykel Healthcare Limited of Auckland, New Zealand. But because the gas agitation system 5510 in at least some examples mitigates surgical plume with little venting of gas to ambient air, and thus relatively little heat or moisture loss, the humidifier may be omitted in at least some examples.Laparoscopy system

[0681] The laparoscopy system 5530 may include a scope 5531, e.g., a laparoscope. The scope 5531 is configured to be partially inserted into the body cavity of the patient through the surgical port 5526. The scope 5531 may include a light source and a viewing portion. The viewing portion, e.g., an imaging sensor or lens, at least in part produces a video image of an interior of the body cavity of the patient, which may be displayed to the surgical staff on a laparoscopic monitor 5532.

[0682] Although not shown in FIG. 55, the surgical port 5526 may be regarded as forming part of either, or both of, the surgical insufflation system 5520 or the laparoscopy system 5530.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0683] In some examples, the gas agitation system 5510 may include a separate port, as shown in FIG. 55. In other examples, the gas agitation system 5510 and surgical insufflation system 5520 may be coupled with a single port, e.g., surgical port 5526. For example, a port with two or more inlets / outlets, or via a Y-piece including three ports respectively coupled with the delivery conduit 5525, ducting of the gas agitation system 5510, and the port.

[0684] FIG. 56 illustrates an example method 5600 performed by a gas agitation system or fluid mover according to the present technology.

[0685] At block 5602, the fluid mover is operated to extract a volume of gas.

[0686] At block 5604, at least part of the volume of extracted gas is optionally filtered, e.g., to remove one or more of particulates and surgical plume. In some examples, the filtering may occur during, e.g., throughout, the extraction in block 5602.

[0687] At block 5606, the gas agitation system or fluid mover may optionally pause, as described above. The gas agitation system may pause operation, or increase the duration of the pause, based at least in part on sensor signals from a particulate sensor indicating that there is little or no surgical plume, for example. Operation may be paused, or slowed, if the sensor signal from the particulate sensor falls below a threshold. The gas agitation system may resume operation, or decrease the duration of the pause, based at least in part on sensor signals from the particulate sensor indicating the presence or increase in surgical plume. Operation may resume, or accelerate, if the sensor signal from the particulate sensor exceeds a threshold. The two thresholds may be the same or different. The threshold to pause operation may be lower than the threshold to resume operation, e.g., to provide a hysteresis. Pausing, or resumption, may alternatively or additionally be based on a predetermined duration.

[0688] At block 5608, a volume of gas may be injected.

[0689] At block 5610, at least part of the volume of injected gas is optionally filtered. In some examples, the filtering may occur during, e.g., throughout, the injection in block 5602.

[0690] At block 5612, the gas agitation system or fluid mover may optionally pause, as described with respect to block 5606.

[0691] The method may then repeat by returning to block 5602, e.g., until the gas agitation system is turned off or put into a standby mode by the surgical personnel.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0692] In some examples, the volume of the gas injected at block 5608 may be the same volume of the gas extracted in the immediately preceding extraction step at block 5602. In other examples, the volume of the gas injected at block 5608 may include part of the volume of the gas extracted in the immediately preceding extraction step at block 5602. In yet other examples, the volume of the gas injected at block 5608 does not include the volume of the gas extracted in the immediately preceding step at block 5602. The extracted volume of gas may be injected into the body cavity in a subsequent cycle.

[0693] In some examples, the method 5600 may include pausing the gas flow after at least one of the extraction of block 5602 or the injection of block 5608.

[0694] FIG. 57 illustrates an example method 5700 for setting up a gas agitation system according to the present technology. Although the example method 6500 depicts a particular sequence of steps, the sequence may be altered without departing from the scope of the present technology. For example, some of the operations depicted may be performed simultaneously or in a different sequence that does not materially affect the function of the method 6500. In some examples, any one of the steps at block 5702 to block 5708 may be omitted, e.g., if components of the gas agitation system are pre-assembled

[0695] At block 5702, ducting may be coupled with a surgical port.

[0696] At block 5704, the ducting may be coupled with filter.

[0697] At block 5706, the ducting may be coupled with an isolator cartridge.

[0698] At block 5708, the isolator cartridge may be coupled with a fluid moving apparatus.

[0699] At block 5710, the fluid moving apparatus may optionally be operated to generate one or more of an oscillatory fluid flow, bi-directional fluid flow, alternating bidirectional fluid flow. For example, a pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows in antiphase, as described above.

[0700] FIG. 58 illustrates an example method 5800 for setting up and using a surgical insufflation and agitation system 5500, or any of its components such as a gas agitation system 5510.

[0701] At block 5802, an incision is made in the abdominal wall or pelvic wall of a patient to provide access to the body cavity of the patient.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0702] At block 5804, a primary port or gas insufflation device, e.g., Veress needle, is partially inserted through the incision.

[0703] At block 5806, the body cavity of the patient is inflated to create a surgical working space, for example pneumoperitoneum. For example, using an insufflator to supply an insufflation gas such as carbon dioxide to the body cavity, through the primary port.

[0704] At block 5808, the non-primary ports are partially inserted through the incision, or a further incision. If used, the Veress needle is swapped for a primary port.

[0705] At block 5810, the gas agitation system is coupled with a port (primary or nonprimary port). The ducting of the gas agitation system may be coupled, e.g., physically coupled and pneumatically coupled, with the port. In other examples, the ducting may be coupled with the port before the port is partially inserted through the incision.

[0706] At block 5812, the gas agitation system is operated to generate a recurrent gas flow. The gas agitation system may perform the method 5600 of FIG. 56, for example. The fluid mover may be operated for the duration of the minimally invasive procedure, for a predetermined period of time, or as and when required throughout the minimally invasive procedure, as determined by one or more of user inputs and sensor inputs.

[0707] Once the surgical insufflation and agitation system is set up, the minimally invasive procedure may be performed. A scope and one or more surgical instruments may be inserted into the body cavity through the ports. Operation of the surgical instrument, e.g., for electrocauterization, may generate surgical plume. Continued operation of the fluid mover agitates the insufflation gas and / or surgical plume, dispersing the surgical plume. The gas agitation system 5510 may include the filter to capture at least a portion of the surgical plume. Meanwhile, continued operation of the insufflator 5524 maintains pneumoperitoneum.

[0708] FIG. 59 illustrates an example control method 5900 for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology. The method may be performed by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example.

[0709] At block 5902 the method may start by powering on the fluid moving apparatus. The fluid moving apparatus may be powered on by a user operating a power switch or power button provided on the housing of the fluid moving apparatus, for example.

[0710] At block 5904, the fluid moving apparatus may enter a standby mode. In the standby mode, various components of the fluid moving apparatus may be powered on100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 and operating, but the fluid mover is not moving. Accessories to the fluid moving apparatus, e.g., an isolator cartridge or complete gas agitation set, may have been connected to the fluid moving apparatus before it was powered on. If not, the accessories may be connected while the fluid moving apparatus is in the standby mode.

[0711] At decision block 5906, it is determined whether operation should commence. If so, the method proceeds to block 5912. If not, the method proceeds to decision block 5908. Operation may be commenced by a user providing a user input, e.g., via a touchscreen display or button on the housing of the fluid moving apparatus.

[0712] At block 5912, the fluid moving apparatus may enter an initialization mode. In the initialization mode, the fluid moving apparatus may initialize one or more components of the gas agitation system so that they are ready for operation. Details and examples of the initialization mode are described below with reference to FIGs. 60- 62. Once initialization is complete, the method proceeds to block 5914. In some examples, the fluid moving apparatus may alternatively or additionally enter the initialization mode after the fluid moving apparatus is powered at block 5902, and before entering the standby mode at block 5904, for example. In some examples, the fluid moving apparatus may enter the initialization mode at any time in response to a user input directing it to do so. The fluid moving apparatus may then return to the previous mode, e.g., standby mode, once initialization is completed. The fluid moving apparatus may proceed directly from the standby mode to the operating mode, i.e., if initialization has previously been completed.

[0713] At block 5914, the fluid moving apparatus may enter an operating mode. In the operating mode, the fluid mover is operated to generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow, as described in detail elsewhere.

[0714] At decision block 5916, it is determined whether the fluid moving apparatus should return to the standby mode. If so, the method returns to block 5904 and enters the standby mode. If not, the method returns to block 5914 and remains in the operating mode. The fluid moving apparatus 1424 may return to the standby mode in response to a user input or a sensor input indicating a deviation from normal operating parameters, for example.

[0715] At decision block 5908, it is determined whether the fluid moving apparatus should be powered off. If so, the method proceeds to block 5910. If not, the method returns to block 5904 and the fluid moving apparatus remains in the standby mode. The fluid moving apparatus may be powered on by a user operating the power switch or power button, or in response to a deviation from normal operating parameters, for example.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0716] At block 5910, the fluid moving apparatus is powered off and the method ends.

[0717] FIG. 60 illustrates an example apparatus initialization method 6000 according to an example of the present technology. The method may be performed by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example. The apparatus initialization method 6000 may be performed as the initialization mode at block 5912 in the control method 5900 of FIG. 59, for example.

[0718] At block 6002, the fluid moving apparatus may commence the apparatus initialization method 6000 and proceed to block 6004.

[0719] At block 6004, the fluid mover is initialized. Details and an example of a fluid mover initialization are described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 61. In some examples, the method proceeds to block 6004 once the fluid mover initialization is complete.

[0720] At block 6004 the isolator is initialized. Details and examples of an isolator initialization are described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 62. In some examples, the method proceeds to block 6008 once the isolator initialization is complete.

[0721] At block 6008, the apparatus initialization method 6000 ends. In some examples, the controller, e.g., controller 2020, may return to the control method 5900 of FIG. 59, for example.

[0722] In other examples, the apparatus initialization method may omit one of block 6004 or block 6006. For example, block 6004 may be omitted if only the isolator requires initialization.

[0723] FIG. 61 illustrates an example fluid mover initialization method 6100 according to an example of the present technology. The method may be performed by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example. The fluid mover initialization method 6100 may be performed as the initialization mode at block 5912 in the control method 5900 of FIG. 59, or as the fluid mover initialization at block 6004 in the apparatus initialization method 6000 of FIG. 60, for example.

[0724] At block 6102, the fluid moving apparatus may commence the fluid mover initialization method 6100 and proceed to block 6104.

[0725] At block 6104, valve(s) of the fluid moving apparatus, e.g., valves 2012a, 2012b, may be opened, e.g., to ambient air or an accumulator.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0726] At block 6106, the fluid mover is moved. The fluid mover, e.g., fluid mover 2008, may be moved to a predetermined position. The predetermined position may be full extension or full retraction, for example. Because the valve(s) remain open, the fluid mover may move freely, and little if any fluid pressure is generated by the movement.

[0727] At block 6108, the valve(s) of the fluid moving apparatus, e.g., valves 2012a, 2012b, may be closed.

[0728] At block 6110, the fluid mover initialization method 6100 ends. The fluid mover is ready for operation. In some examples, the controller, e.g., controller 2020, may return to the control method 5900 of FIG. 59 or the apparatus initialization method 6000 of FIG. 60, for example.

[0729] FIG. 62 illustrates an example isolator initialization method 6200 according to an example of the present technology. The method may be performed by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example. The isolator initialization method 6200 may be performed as the initialization mode at block 5912 in the control method 5900 of FIG. 59, or as the isolator initialization at block 6006 in the apparatus initialization method 6000 of FIG. 60, for example.

[0730] As disclosed elsewhere, gas agitation systems according to the present technology may utilize a modular isolator which may be removed and replaced. The isolator, e.g., a diaphragm, may not necessarily be in the correct position when it is installed. The isolator may be out of phase with the fluid mover. Operation of the fluid mover when the isolator is out of phase may impair performance of the gas agitation system or, in some cases, damage one or more components of the gas agitation system. The fluid mover initialization method 6100 may ensure that the fluid mover and isolator are in phase before the fluid moving apparatus enters an operating mode.

[0731] At block 6202, the fluid moving apparatus may commence the isolator initialization method 6200 and proceed to block 6204.

[0732] At block 6204, the fluid moving apparatus moves the fluid mover(s). The fluid mover(s) may be moved by an increment, e.g., an increment of their stroke length. For example, less than 50%, between about 40% and 10%, between about 30% and 20%, or about 25%. Moving the fluid mover(s) by an increment may limit the pressure differential across the isolator(s).

[0733] At block 6206, valve(s) of the fluid mover, e.g., valves 2012a, 2012b may be opened. Opening the valve(s) may relieve pressure (positive or negative) generated by the movement of the fluid mover in block 6204, and relieves the pressure differential100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 across the isolator(s), which may already be at, or near, the relevant limit of deformation.

[0734] At block 6208, the valve(s) are closed.

[0735] At block 6210, it is determined whether the initialization is complete. If so, the method proceeds to block 6212. If not, the method returns to block 6204. In some examples, the fluid moving apparatus may determine that the initialization is complete when the method (e.g., block 6204 to block 6208 has been repeated a predetermined number of times. For example, between two and five times. In some examples, the fluid moving apparatus may determine that the initialization is complete based on sensor inputs indicating that the fluid mover and the isolator(s) are in phase.

[0736] At block 6212, the isolator initialization method 6200 ends. The isolator(s) may be ready for operation. In some examples, the controller, e.g., controller 2020, may return to the control method 5900 of FIG. 59 or the apparatus initialization method 6000 of FIG. 60, for example.

[0737] The inventors have found that the isolator initialization method 6200 reliably re-positions, e.g., inverts, isolators which may be out of phase with the fluid mover, without damaging isolators which may already be in the correct position, or damaging other components of the gas agitation system.

[0738] FIG. 63 illustrates an example control method 6300 for a fluid moving apparatus according to an example of the present technology. The method may be performed by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example.

[0739] The control method 6300 combines the control method 5900, apparatus initialization method 6000, fluid mover initialization method 6100, and isolator initialization method 6200 as described above with reference to FIGs. 59-62, respectively.

[0740] FIG. 64 illustrates another example apparatus initialization method 6400 according to an example of the present technology. The apparatus initialization method 6400 may be performed in the gas agitation system 1400 of FIG. 14, e.g., at least in part by the controller 2020 of fluid moving apparatus 2000 as described with reference to FIG. 20, for example.

[0741] At block 6402, it is confirmed that pneumoperitoneum has been established. For example, by a surgical insufflation system 5520 as shown in FIG. 55.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0742] At block 6404, the ducting of the gas agitation system is connected (if not already connected).

[0743] At block 6406, the fluid moving apparatus is powered on (if not already powered on).

[0744] At block 6408, both valves, e.g., valves 2012a, 2012b, are opened. The working fluid may be air, and the valves may be opened to ambient air at atmospheric pressure. A positive pressure from the pneumoperitoneum may deform the isolators, e.g., diaphragms 1426a, 1426b, so that they both protrude in the same direction, as shown in FIG. 47, for example. The isolators, e.g., diaphragms 1426a, 1426b, may protrude towards the fluid mover. The fluid mover may be moved to a predetermined position, e.g., full retraction or full extension, if required. Alternatively, or additionally, the fluid mover may return to the predetermined position every time it enters the standby mode or is powered off, for example.

[0745] At block 6410 one of the valves, e.g., valves 2012a, 2012b, is closed. In particular, the valve corresponding to the diaphragm which will be deformed towards the surgical port first. If the fluid mover is at full retraction, for example, this may be the valve, e.g., valve 2012a, coupled with the rod end port. If the fluid mover is at full extension, for example, this may be the valve, e.g., valve 2012b, coupled with the cap end port. The valve may be closed after waiting for a period following the opening of the valves at block 6408, to allow the diaphragms to be deformed by the pneumoperitoneum.

[0746] At block 6412, the fluid mover is moved. For example, from full retraction to full extension (or vice versa). Because one valve was closed in the preceding step, movement of the fluid mover pressurizes one of the working fluid chambers in the isolator. The corresponding diaphragm is deformed, e.g., inverted, so that the diaphragms 1426a, 1426b protrude in opposing directions as shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 48, for example.

[0747] At block 6414, the other valve is closed, and the fluid moving apparatus is ready for operation.

[0748] FIG. 65 illustrates an example method 6500 which may be performed by the controller to control operation of the fluid mover of a gas agitation system, e.g., during the operating mode at block 5914 of the control method 5900 of FIG. 59. Although the example method 6500 depicts a particular sequence of operations, the sequence may be altered without departing from the scope of the present technology. For example, some of the operations depicted may be performed simultaneously or in a different sequence that does not materially affect the function of the method 6500. In other100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 examples, different components of a device or system implementing the method 6500 may perform functions at substantially the same time or in a specific sequence.

[0749] At block 6502, the controller may determine user inputs. The user inputs may be determined by polling or interrupt, for example. The user inputs may indicate one or more of a target frequency, target gas exchange rate, target particulate concentration, maximum particulate concentration, desired visual clarity (e.g., on a scale of 1 to 5, or 1 to 10), and desired operating level (e.g., low, medium, and high), for example.

[0750] At block 6504, the controller may determine one or more sensor inputs. The sensor inputs may be determined by polling or interrupt, for example. The sensor inputs may indicate one or more of a temperature, pressure, flow rate, presence of particulates, or concentration of particulates, and motor speed, for example.

[0751] At block 6506, the controller may determine one or more control signals. For example, a motor speed control signal or a heated conduit power signal. The one or more control signals may be determined based, at least in part, on one or more of the user input and the sensor inputs. The one or more control signals may be determined using closed-loop feedback. One or more of the target frequency, target gas exchange rate, target particulate concentration, and maximum particulate concentration, may be compared with sensor signals indicative of one or more of the motor speed, flow rate, and concentration of particulates, for example, to determine one or more error signals. The control signals may be determined based, at least in part, on the error signals. For example, using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm.

[0752] At block 6508, the controller may generate the one or more control signals. The one or more control signals may include a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal, for example. The control signal may be provided to a motor controller, e.g., a motor driver integrated circuit, to control a speed of the electric motor, for example.

[0753] FIG. 66 illustrates an example method 6600 for controlling a fluid mover according to the present technology. The method 6600 may be performed by the controller, for example.

[0754] The method may include obtaining, as an input, an upper pressure threshold input 6602. The input 6602 may correspond to a maximum desired pressure within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting, or the body cavity of the patient. In other examples, the upper pressure threshold may correspond to a target pressure. The input 6602 may be static or variable, e.g., adjustable by the surgical staff. In the latter case, the input 6602 may be adjusted using the user interface of the fluid mover, for example.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0755] The method may include obtaining, as an input, a lower pressure threshold input 6604. The input 6604 may correspond to a minimum expected pressure within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting, or the body cavity of the patient. The input 6604 may be static or variable, e.g., adjustable by the surgical staff. In the latter case, the input 6604 may be adjusted using the user interface of the fluid mover, for example.

[0756] The method may include obtaining, as an input, a pressure sensor input 6606. The pressure sensor may be configured to sense a gas pressure within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting, or the body cavity of the patient. In one example, with reference to FIG. 1, the pressure sensor may be configured to sense a gas pressure within the conduit 106, e.g., at the first end 122 adjacent the surgical port 104.

[0757] At block 6608, the pressure sensor input 6606 may be compared with one or more of the upper pressure threshold input 6602 and the lower pressure threshold input 6604. For example, a difference may be determined or a flag may be set to indicate whether the input 6606 is greater than, or less than, the respective input 6602 or input 6604.

[0758] At decision block 6610, if the pressure sensor input 6606 is greater than the lower pressure threshold input 6604, the method proceeds to block 6614. If not, the method proceeds to decision block 6612.

[0759] At block 6614, the fluid mover is started. If the fluid mover is already operating, operation may be maintained or a speed, e.g., frequency, of the fluid mover may be varied, e.g., increased.

[0760] At decision block 6612, if the pressure sensor input 6606 is less than the lower pressure threshold input 6604, the method proceeds to block 6616. A pressure below the lower pressure threshold input 6604 may be indicative of one or more of a leak, absence or non-operation of an insufflator, and a sensor error, for example.

[0761] At block 6616, the fluid mover may be stopped, a speed of the fluid mover may be varied, e.g., decreased, or operation of the fluid mover may be delayed, for example.

[0762] FIG. 67 illustrates another example method 6700 for controlling a fluid mover according to the present technology. The method 6700 may be performed by the controller, for example.

[0763] The method may include obtaining, as an input, an upper surgical plume threshold input 6702. The input 6702 may correspond to a maximum desired concentration of particulates within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting,100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 or the body cavity of the patient. The input 6702 may be static or variable, e.g., adjustable by the surgical staff. In the latter case, the input 6702 may be adjusted using the user interface of the fluid mover, for example.

[0764] The method may include obtaining, as an input, a lower surgical plume threshold input 6704. The input 6704 may correspond to an acceptable concentration of particulates within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting, or the body cavity of the patient. The input 6704 may provide hysteresis. The input 6704 may be static or variable, e.g., adjustable by the surgical staff. In the latter case, the input 6704 may be adjusted using the user interface of the fluid mover, for example.

[0765] The method may include obtaining, as an input, a surgical plume sensor input 6706. The surgical plume sensor may be an optical sensor. The surgical plume sensor may be a particulate sensor. The surgical plume may be configured to sense a concentration of particulates within the gas agitation system, e.g., within the ducting, or the body cavity of the patient. In one example, with reference to FIG. 1, the surgical plume sensor may be configured to sense a concentration of particulates within the conduit 106, e.g., at the first end 122 adjacent the surgical port 104.

[0766] At block 6708, the surgical plume sensor input 6706 may be compared with one or more of the upper plume threshold input 6702 and the lower plume threshold input 6704. For example, a difference may be determined or a flag may be set to indicate whether the input 6706 is greater than, or less than, the respective input 6702 or input 6704.

[0767] At decision block 6710, if the surgical plume sensor input 6706 is greater than the upper plume threshold input 6704, the method proceeds to block 6714. If not, the method proceeds to decision block 6712.

[0768] At block 6714, the fluid mover is started. If the fluid mover is already operating, operation may be maintained or a speed, e.g., frequency, of the fluid mover may be varied, e.g., increased.

[0769] At decision block 6712, if the surgical plume sensor input 6706 is less than the lower plume threshold input 6704, the method proceeds to block 6716. A surgical plume sensor value below the lower plume threshold input 6704 may be indicative of little or no surgical plume within the body cavity of the patient.

[0770] At block 6716, the fluid mover may be stopped, a speed, e.g., frequency, of the fluid mover may be maintained or varied, e.g., decreased.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0771] In some examples, both of the methods 6600, 6700 may be used. Any conflict in the output between the methods 6600, 6700 may be resolved by prioritizing one method over the other, or using a weighting, for example.

[0772] From the foregoing detailed description and accompanying drawings of nonlimiting examples, it will be appreciated that systems, apparatus, and methods according to the present technology may offer one or more of a number of potential benefits. In at least some examples, the technology may mitigate surgical plume within a patient's body cavity during minimally invasive procedures. In at least some examples, agitating the gas within the body cavity may disperse the surgical plume from the surgical site. In at least some examples, filtration of the gas may remove surgical plume from the body cavity. Such mitigation of surgical plume may improve the surgeon's visibility of the surgical site, which may enhance surgical precision, reduce procedure times, and contribute to better patient outcomes. In at least some examples, the technology may be configured to avoid venting gas, e.g., to ambient air. Avoiding venting may minimize gas usage (i.e., adding fresh gas to the body cavity to replace the vented gas), and improve the health and safety of the patient and surgical personnel. In at least some examples, the technology may inherently maintain pneumostability, mitigating the risk of overinflating the body cavity and potential patient complications such as barotrauma. In at least some examples, the technology may operate independently alongside any one of a variety of different surgical insufflation systems, offering flexibility, a cost-effective upgrade option, and compliance with smoke evacuation regulations and guidelines without compromising patient outcomes.Glossary

[0773] "Distal", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, relates to a position or direction relative to the fluid mover, in use. For example, a distal port of an isolator cartridge will be further away from the fluid mover than a proximal port of the isolator cartridge, when the gas agitation system is properly set up.

[0774] "Fluid," unless the context clearly requires otherwise, refers to any one or more of a liquid and a gas.

[0775] "Gas" or "gases" unless the context clearly requires otherwise, refers to either a single gas or a gas mixture. "Fluid" and "liquid" should be construed similarly. A single gas refers to a substance composed entirely of one type of gas particle, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen (N2). A gas mixture refers to two or more different types of gas particles, such as air, which includes nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and other trace gases.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001

[0776] "Isolate", "seal", and related terms refer to inhibiting or preventing the unintended passage of fluids. These terms are not intended to imply that complete or perfect isolation or sealing under all operating conditions is necessarily required. Some degree of leakage may be allowable, or even inevitable (for example, due to diffusion or permeation), provided that the system or apparatus remains functional for its intended purpose.

[0777] Proximal", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, relates to a position or direction relative to the fluid mover, in use. For example, a proximal port of an isolator cartridge will be closer to the fluid mover than a distal port of the isolator cartridge, when the gas agitation system is properly set up.

[0778] "Recurrent gas flow" and "recurrent fluid flow" refer to a repeated movement or "pulse" of fluid, which can be either periodic or non-periodic. That is, the recurrent gas flow may follow a consistent cycle with regular intervals (periodic) or exhibit irregular intervals and patterns while still recurring (non-periodic). For example, recurring within about 10 seconds (s), within about 5 s, or within about 1 s. In at least some examples, a direction of the gas flow may change during a cycle. In at least some examples, the gas velocity of the recurrent gas flow may vary. In some examples, the gas velocity may vary continuously, as in a sinusoidal waveform. In other examples, the gas velocity may remain relatively constant for at least part of an interval, as in a trapezoidal waveform, for example. In some examples, the duration of an interval may be less than about 10 s, less than about 5 s, or less than about 1 s. In some examples, the recurrent fluid flow may be oscillatory. As used herein, "oscillatory" refers to a fluid flow parameter, such as flow rate, velocity, or direction, that varies in a repeated manner. The oscillation may follow one or more of a sinusoidal waveform, triangle waveform, sawtooth waveform, square waveform, trapezoidal waveform, or a compound waveform, and may be periodic or non-periodic. In some examples, the recurrent fluid flow may be pulsatile.

[0779] "Synchronize" refers to controlling the timing or phase relationship of fluid movers or fluid flows. For example, this may encompass fluid movers or flows being in phase, out of phase within a permissible margin of error, or out of phase by a predetermined phase difference (for example, 180 degrees).

[0780] The expressions "one or more of", "at least one", and "and / or" are intended to denote any possible combination or sub-combination of the listed elements, including singular and plural instances, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0781] The term "about", when referring to an absolute value, is intended to encompass equivalent values when rounded to the same number of decimal places or100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 significant figures. Trailing zeros before a decimal place may serve as placeholders. For example, "about 5.0" is intended to encompass values within the range of at least 4.95 to 5.04; "about 5" may encompass values within the range of at least 4.5 to 5.4; and "about 50" may encompass values within the range of at least 45 to 54.

[0782] The term "substantially" is intended to encompass variations which do not materially affect the way in which the disclosed elements, apparatus, or systems work. For example, two dimensions which are said to be "substantially equal" or "substantially the same" are not intended to imply that the dimensions must be precisely identical. Rather, the phrase may encompass differences of up to about 10%, up to about 5%, or up to about 1%, for example, depending on the context.

[0783] Unless otherwise stated, any description of the shape, size, or proportions of a deformable element refers to the element in its natural, undeformed state, free from any external forces.

[0784] Any reference to publications or products throughout this specification, including the background, should in no way be considered as an admission that the publication or product is necessarily prior art, analogous, widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.

[0785] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and claims the words "comprising," "including", "having" and variants (e.g., "comprise") are to be construed in an inclusive sense rather than an exclusive sense. That is, such terms are to be construed in the sense of "including, but not limited to" rather than "consisting solely of."LISTING OF DRAWING ELEMENTS100 gas agitation system 204 injection phase102 body cavity 206 extraction phase104 surgical port 302 pausing phase106 conduit 402 parabolic waveform108 filter 502 triangle waveform110 isolator 602 trapezoidal waveform112 fluid mover 702 compound waveform114 ducting 704 sinusoidal waveform120 blind branch 706 sinusoidal waveform122 first end 800 gas agitation system124 second end 802 body cavity126 reservoir 804a surgical port202 sinusoidal waveform 804b surgical port100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001806a conduit 1018 connecting rod806b conduit 1020 common crankshaft808 filter 1022 housing810 isolator 1100 gas agitation system812 fluid mover 1102 body cavity814 ducting 1104a surgical port820 blind branch 1104b surgical port822 first end 1106a conduit824 second end 1106b conduit830 inlet ducting 1108 filter832 outlet ducting 1110a isolator840 valve system 1110b isolator842a valve 1112a fluid mover842b valve 1112b fluid mover900 gas agitation system 1120a blind branch902 body cavity 1120b blind branch904a surgical port 1130 inlet ducting904b surgical port 1132 outlet ducting906a conduit 1140 valve system906b conduit 1142a valve908a filter 1142b valve908b filter 1142c valve910a isolator 1142d valve910b isolator 1400 gas agitation system912a fluid mover 1402 body cavity912b fluid mover 1404a surgical port1000 gas agitation system 1404b surgical port1002 body cavity 1406a conduit1004a surgical port 1406b conduit1004b surgical port 1408a filter1006a conduit 1408b filter1006b conduit 1410a isolator1008a filter 1410b isolator1008b filter 1412 fluid mover1010a isolator 1414 piston1010b isolator 1416 barrel1012a fluid mover 1418 housing1012b fluid mover 1420 isolator cartridge1014 piston 1422 linear actuator1016 cylinder 1424 fluid moving apparatus100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0011426a diaphragm 2004 threaded rod1426b diaphragm 2006 coupler1500 double-acting fluid cylinder 2008 fluid mover1502 barrel 2010 rod1504 piston 2012a valve1506 rod 2012b valve1508 cap end port 2014a vent1510 rod end port 2014b vent1702a barrel 2016a inlet / outlet port1702b barrel 2016b inlet / outlet port1704a piston 2018 power supply1704b piston 2020 controller1706a rod 2022 display1706b rod 2024 input device1708a cap end port 2100 controller1708b cap end port 2102 processors1800 fluid moving apparatus 2104 memory1802 actuator 2106 processor1804 coupler 2108 instructions1806 fluid mover 2110 processor1808a valve 2112 main memory1808b valve 2114 static memory1810a vent 2116 storage unit1810b vent 2118 machine-readable medium1812a inlet / outlet port 2120 network1812b inlet / outlet port 2122 devices1900 fluid moving apparatus 2124 coupling1902 motor 2126 coupling1904 threaded rod 2128 output components1906 carriage 2130 input components1908 fluid mover 2132 biometric components1910 rod 2134 motion components1912a valve 2136 environmental components1912b valve 2138 position components1914a vent 2140 communication components1914b vent 2142 I / O components1916a inlet / outlet port 2144 bus1916b inlet / outlet port 2200 isolator cartridge2000 fluid moving apparatus 2202 isolation member2002 motor 2204 dome portion100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0012206a housing chamber 3226 protrusion 2206b housing chamber 3600 isolator cartridge 2208a working fluid chamber 3602a agitation gas chamber 2208b working fluid chamber 3602b agitation gas chamber 2210a agitation gas chamber 3604a distal isolator port 2210b agitation gas chamber 3604b distal isolator port 2212a proximal isolator port 3606 retaining clip 2212b proximal isolator port 3608 isolator housing 2214a distal isolator port 3610 dome portion 2214b distal isolator port 3612 housing flange 2216 isolator housing 3614 protrusion2218a proximal housing portion 4000 isolator cartridge 2218b distal housing portion 4002 isolation member 2220a sealing flange 4004a housing chamber2220b sealing flange 4004b housing chamber 2222 retaining clip 4006a working fluid chamber 2224a diaphragm 4006b working fluid chamber 2224b diaphragm 4008a agitation gas chamber 2226 housing flange 4008b agitation gas chamber 2228 frame 4010a proximal isolator port2230 attachment structure 4010b proximal isolator port2232 protrusion 4012 proximal housing portion2602 gusset 4014a sealing flange3200 isolator cartridge 4014b sealing flange 3202 isolation member 4016a diaphragm 3204a sealing flange 4016b diaphragm 3204b sealing flange 4018 isolator housing 3206a diaphragm 4020 dome portion 3206b diaphragm 4022 housing flange3208 isolation member 4024 frame3210a agitation gas chamber 4026 attachment structure 3210b agitation gas chamber 4400 isolation member 3212a distal isolator port 4402a agitation gas chamber 3212b distal isolator port 4402b agitation gas chamber 3214 retaining clip 4404a working fluid chamber 3216 isolator housing 4406a sealing flange 3218 dome portion 4406b sealing flange 3220 housing flange 4408a diaphragm 3222 frame 4408b diaphragm3224 attachment structure 4410 frame100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0014412 attachment structure 5702 block4702a end wall 5704 block4702b end wall 5706 block4704a side wall 5708 block4704b side wall 5710 block4706 sealing lip 5800 method4900 housing panel 5802 block4902 recess 5804 block4904 ledge 5806 block4906 latch 5808 block4908 button 5810 block4910 display opening 5812 block4912 input device opening 5900 control method5500 surgical insufflation and agitation 5902 block system 5904 block5510 gas agitation system 5906 decision block5511 housing 5908 decision block5512 user interface 5910 block5513 display 5912 block5514 dial 5914 block5515 button 5916 decision block5516 surgical port 6000 apparatus initialization method5520 surgical insufflation system 6002 block5521 wall source 6004 block5522 compressed gas cylinder 6006 block5523 insufflator supply conduit 6008 block5524 insufflator 6100 fluid mover initialization method5525 delivery conduit 6102 block5526 surgical port 6104 block5530 laparoscopy system 6106 block5531 scope 6108 block5532 laparoscopic monitor 6110 block5600 method 6200 isolator initialization method5602 block 6202 block5604 block 6204 block5606 block 6206 block5608 block 6208 block5610 block 6210 block5612 block 6212 block5700 method 6300 control method100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W0016400 apparatus initialization method 6606 input6402 block 6608 block6404 block 6610 decision block6406 block 6612 decision block6408 block 6614 block6410 block 6616 block6412 block 6700 method6414 block 6702 input6500 method 6704 input6502 block 6706 input6504 block 6708 block6506 block 6710 decision block6508 block 6712 decision block6600 method 6714 block6602 input 6716 block6604 input

Claims

100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A gas agitation system for use during a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation system comprising: a fluid moving apparatus, the fluid moving apparatus configured to generate a pair of fluid flows in a working fluid, each of the pair of fluid flows alternating in direction; an isolator cartridge, the isolator cartridge configured to fluidly isolate the working fluid from an agitation gas, and to transfer pressure or force from the working fluid to the agitation gas; and two or more conduits, the two or more conduits each coupled with the isolator cartridge to convey a corresponding pair of gas flows in the agitation gas.

2. The gas agitation system of claim 1, the fluid moving apparatus comprising a doubleacting fluid mover.

3. The gas agitation system of claim 1 or 2, the isolator cartridge comprising a pair of diaphragms, each of the pair of diaphragms configured to deform to transfer the pressure or force from the working fluid, on one side of the diaphragm, to the agitation gas, on an opposing side of the diaphragm.

4. The gas agitation system of claim 3, the pair of diaphragms comprising a pair of rolling diaphragms.

5. A fluid moving apparatus for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the fluid moving apparatus comprising: a fluid mover configured to generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow; and a housing enclosing the fluid mover, the housing comprising an inlet / outlet port fluidly coupled with the fluid mover to convey the alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

6. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 5, the fluid moving apparatus comprising a pair of the inlet / outlet ports.

7. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 5 or 6, the fluid mover configured to generate a pair of the alternating bi-directional fluid flows.

8. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 7, the fluid mover configured to generate a pair of the alternating bi-directional fluid flows, and the fluid moving100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 apparatus comprising a pair of the inlet / outlet ports, each of the pair of inlet / outlet ports fluidly coupled with the fluid mover to convey a respective one of the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows.

9. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 7 or 8, the fluid mover configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows out of phase with each other.

10. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 7 to 9, the fluid mover configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows in antiphase.

11. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 10, the fluid mover comprising a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

12. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 11, the fluid mover comprising a double-acting reciprocating positive displacement pump.

13. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 12, the fluid mover comprising: a fluid cylinder; and an actuator configured to drive the fluid cylinder to generate the alternating bidirectional fluid flow(s).

14. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 13, the fluid moving apparatus comprising a pair of the inlet / outlet ports, the fluid cylinder comprising a double-acting fluid cylinder, the double-acting fluid cylinder comprising a cap end port and a rod end port, the cap end port fluidly coupled with one of the pair of inlet / outlet ports and the rod end port fluidly coupled with the other of the pair of inlet / outlet ports.

15. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 14, the inlet / outlet port(s) configured to be removably coupled with an isolator cartridge.

16. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 15, the isolator cartridge configured to communicate a pressure or force from the alternating bi-directional fluid flow to an agitation gas, and to isolate the alternating bi-directional fluid flow from the agitation gas.

17. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 16, the housing comprising a recess proximal the inlet / outlet port(s), the recess configured to at least partially receive a / the isolator cartridge.

18. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 17, the recess comprising a concavity complementing a convex shape of at least part of the isolator cartridge.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W00119. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 18, the housing comprising a latch configured to removably secure the isolator cartridge to the housing.

20. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 19, comprising the isolator cartridge.

21. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 20, comprising a valve configured to control a pressure of the alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

22. The fluid moving apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 21, the fluid moving apparatus comprising a controller, the controller configured to control operation of one or more of the fluid mover and the valve(s).

23. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 22, the controller configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling operation of the fluid mover and the valve(s) to move the fluid mover to a predetermined position.

24. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 22 or 23, the controller configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling the operation of the fluid mover and the valve(s) to repeatedly: move the fluid mover by an increment; open the valve(s) to relieve pressure generated by the movement of the fluid mover; and close the valve(s).

25. The fluid moving apparatus of claim 22 or 23, the controller configured to initialize the fluid moving apparatus, at least in part, by controlling the operation of the fluid mover and a pair of valves to: open both of the pair of valves; close one of the pair of valves; move the fluid mover; and close the other of the pair of valves.

26. An isolator cartridge for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the isolator cartridge comprising: an isolator housing at least in part defining a housing chamber;100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 an isolation member located within the isolator housing, the isolation member comprising a diaphragm dividing the housing chamber into a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber, wherein the isolation member is displaceable in response to a pressure differential between the working fluid chamber and the agitation gas chamber; a proximal isolator port, the proximal isolator port fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber of the housing chamber; and a distal isolator port, the distal isolator port pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber of the housing chamber.

27. The isolator cartridge of claim 26, wherein: the isolator housing at least in part defining a pair of the housing chambers; the isolation member comprises a pair of the diaphragms, each of the pair of diaphragms located within a respective one of the pair of housing chambers and dividing the respective housing chamber into a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber; and the isolator cartridge comprises: a pair of the proximal isolator ports, each of the pair of proximal isolator ports fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber of a respective one of the pair of housing chambers; and a pair of the distal isolator ports, each of the pair of distal isolator ports pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber of a respective one of the pair of housing chambers.

28. The isolator cartridge of claim 27, wherein the pair of housing chambers are fluidly isolated from one another.

29. The isolator cartridge of claim 27 or 28, wherein the pair of proximal isolator ports and the pair of distal isolator ports are fluidly isolated from one another.

30. The isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 29, the isolator housing comprising: a proximal housing portion, the proximal housing portion at least in part defining the proximal isolator port(s) and the working fluid chamber(s) of the housing chamber(s); and100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 a distal housing portion engaged or engageable with the proximal housing portion, the distal housing portion at least in part defining the distal isolator port(s) and the agitation gas chamber(s) of the housing chamber(s).

31. The isolator cartridge of claim 30, the isolation member comprising a sealing flange configured to form a gasket between the proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion of the isolator housing.

32. The isolator cartridge of claim 30 or 31, one or more of the proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion comprising retaining clips configured to permanently or removably secure the proximal housing portion or the distal housing portion with one or more of the isolation member and the other of the proximal housing portion and the distal housing portion.

33. The isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 32, the isolator cartridge configured to be removably engaged with a fluid moving apparatus, the proximal isolator port(s) configured to be fluidly coupled with a corresponding inlet / outlet port of the fluid moving apparatus.

34. The isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 33, the housing at least in part comprising a dome portion configured to be received by a complementary concavity of the fluid moving apparatus.

35. The isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 34, the diaphragm comprising a rolling diaphragm.

36. The isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 35, the diaphragm of the isolation member configured to invert, in use.

37. An isolator cartridge for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the isolator cartridge comprising: an isolator housing, the isolator housing configured to couple with an isolation member to form an agitation gas chamber; and a distal isolator port, the distal isolator port pneumatically coupled with the agitation gas chamber and configured to pneumatically couple with a conduit to convey an agitation gas to and from the agitation gas chamber.

38. The isolator cartridge of claim 37, the isolator housing and the isolation member in combination defining a pair of the agitation gas chambers, and the isolator cartridge comprising a pair of the distal isolator ports, each of the pair of distal isolator ports100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 pneumatically coupled with a respective one of the pair of agitation gas chambers and configured to pneumatically couple with a respective one of a pair of the conduits.

39. The isolator cartridge of claim 37 or 38, comprising the isolation member.

40. An isolator cartridge for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the isolator cartridge comprising: an isolator housing, the isolator housing configured to couple with an isolation member to form a working fluid chamber; and a proximal isolator port, the proximal isolator port fluidly coupled with the working fluid chamber and configured to be fluidly couple with a port of a fluid moving apparatus to convey a working fluid to and from the working fluid chamber.

41. The isolator cartridge of claim 40, the isolator housing and the isolation member in combination defining a pair of the working fluid chambers, and the isolator cartridge comprising a pair of the proximal isolator ports, each of the pair of proximal isolator ports fluidly coupled with a respective one of the pair of working fluid chambers and configured to fluidly couple with a respective one of a pair of the ports of the fluid moving apparatus.

42. The isolator cartridge of claim 40 or 41, comprising the isolation member.

43. An isolation member for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the isolation member comprising: a diaphragm, the diaphragm configured to isolate a working fluid and an agitation gas, and to deform to transfer pressure or force from the working fluid to the agitation gas; and a sealing flange, the sealing flange surrounding the diaphragm and configured to sealingly engage an isolator housing, wherein the isolation member is configured to form one or more of a working fluid chamber and an agitation gas chamber when sealingly engaged with the isolator housing.

44. The isolation member of claim 43, the isolation member comprising a pair of the diaphragms, a pair of the sealing flanges, and a frame, each of the pair of sealing flanges surrounding a respective one of the pair of diaphragms, the frame joining the sealing flanges so that the isolation member forms a single integral unit.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W00145. A gas agitation set for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation set comprising: the isolator cartridge of any one of claims 26 to 42; and a conduit configured to pneumatically couple the distal isolator port of the isolator cartridge with a surgical port.

46. The gas agitation set of claim 45, the gas agitation set comprising a filter, the filter configured to at least partially capture surgical plume from gases conveyed by the conduit, in use.

47. The gas agitation set of claim 45 or 46, the gas agitation set comprising a fluid trap configured to capture moisture from gases conveyed by the conduit, in use.

48. The gas agitation set of claim 47, the fluid trap configured to capture moisture from gases conveyed by the conduit in one direction, and configured to release moisture to gases conveyed by the conduit in an opposing direction, in use.

49. The gas agitation set of any one of claims 45 to 48, the isolator cartridge comprising a pair of distal isolator ports, and the gas agitation set comprising a pair of the conduits, each of the pair of conduits configured to pneumatically couple a respective one of the pair of distal isolator ports with a respective surgical port.

50. The gas agitation set of any one of claims 45 to 49, comprising the surgical port(s).

51. A gas agitation system for use during a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation system comprising: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port, and a fluid mover configured to couple with the ducting and generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

52. The gas agitation system of claim 51, the fluid mover configured to generate an alternating bi-directional fluid flow in: a working fluid within at least the fluid mover, and an agitation gas within the ducting.

53. The gas agitation system of claim 51 or 52, the alternating bi-directional fluid flow comprising a displacement of a predetermined volume.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W00154. The gas agitation system of claim 53, the predetermined volume comprising a fixed volume.

55. The gas agitation system of claim 54, the fluid mover comprising a reciprocating positive displacement pump and the fixed volume comprising a displacement volume of the reciprocating positive displacement pump.

56. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 55, the fluid mover configured to alternate between: an extraction phase configured to draw a volume of the gas through the surgical port into the ducting, and an injection phase configured to inject the volume of the gas from the ducting out through the surgical port.

57. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 56, the fluid mover comprising a displacement pump.

58. The gas agitation system of claim 57, the displacement pump comprising a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

59. The gas agitation system of claim 57 or 58, the displacement pump comprising a displacement volume of between about 50 milliliters (ml) and 1,000 ml, between about 50 ml and 500 ml, between about 50 ml and 250 ml, between about 100 ml and 200 ml, or between about 125 ml and 175 ml.

60. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 59, the fluid mover operable to generate the alternating bi-directional fluid flow with a frequency of less than about 10 Hz, between about 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, between about 1 Hz and 5 Hz, or between about 2 Hz and 4 Hz.

61. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 60, the fluid mover operable so that the gas agitation system provides a gas exchange with the body cavity of the patient of between about 0 liters per minute (L / min) and 50 L / min, between about 1 L / min and 5 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 12 L / min and 50 L / min, between about 7 L / min and 20 L / min, between about 9 L / min and 18 L / min, between about 11 L / min and 16 L / min, or between about 12 L / min and 15 L / min.

62. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 61, comprising a filter configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of gas within the ducting.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W00163. The gas agitation system of claim 62, one or more of the ducting and the filter configured so that the filter is spaced from a surgical port by less than about 30 centimeters (cm), between about 5 cm and 30 cm, between about 10 cm and 20 cm, between about 12 cm and 18 cm, between about 14 cm and 16 cm, or by about 15 cm.

64. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 63, comprising an isolator configured to: fluidly isolate the fluid mover from at least the surgical port, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the fluid mover to an agitation gas within the ducting.

65. The gas agitation system of claim 64, the isolator comprising a rolling diaphragm.

66. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 65, comprising the surgical port.

67. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 66, comprising a valve system configured to control a direction of a gas flow in at least a portion of the ducting.

68. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 67, the gas agitation system configured to operate in conjunction with, but independently from, an insufflator configured to provide a flow of a gas.

69. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 68, the gas agitation system not comprising a gas source.

70. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 69, wherein the gas agitation system is not configured to vent a gas.

71. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 70, the ducting comprising a blind branch for the alternating bi-directional fluid flow.

72. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 71, wherein the gas agitation system is not configured to form a closed loop.

73. A gas agitation system for use during a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation system comprising: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port; and a fluid mover configured to:100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 extract a volume of the gas through the surgical port and into the ducting in an extraction phase, and inject the volume of the gas from the ducting and out through the surgical port in an injection phase.

74. A gas agitation system for use during a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation system comprising: ducting configured to couple with a surgical port, the ducting comprising a blind branch; and a fluid mover configured to couple with the blind branch and generate an alternating bi-directional gas flow within the ducting.

75. A gas agitation system for use during a minimally invasive procedure, the gas agitation system comprising: ducting configured to couple with one or more surgical ports; one or more fluid movers configured to couple with the ducting and generate a pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows within the ducting.

76. The gas agitation system of claim 75, wherein the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows are configured to be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

77. The gas agitation system of claim 75 or 76, wherein the one or more fluid movers are configured to generate the pair of alternating bi-directional fluid flows in antiphase.

78. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 75 to 77, the ducting configured to separately couple the one or more fluid movers with a first surgical port and a second surgical port.

79. The gas agitation system of claim 78, comprising the first surgical port and the second surgical port.

80. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 75 to 79, comprising a first filter and a second filter, the first filter and the second filter each configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a volume of the gas within the gas agitation system.

81. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 75 to 80, comprising a pair of isolators, the pair of isolators configured to pneumatically isolate the one or more fluid movers100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 from a gas within the ducting, and deform or move to transfer pressure from the one or more fluid movers to the gas within the ducting.

82. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 75 to 81, comprising a valve system configured to control a direction of a gas within at least a portion of the ducting.

83. The gas agitation system of any one of claims 75 to 82, comprising one or more filters configured to at least partially filter surgical plume from at least a portion of a gas within the ducting.

84. A surgical insufflation and agitation system for use in a minimally invasive procedure, the surgical insufflation and agitation system comprising: an insufflator configured to provide a flow of a gas; the gas agitation system of any one of claims 51 to 83, the gas agitation system configured to operate in conjunction with, but independently from, the insufflator.

85. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of claim 84, the gas agitation system configured to repeatedly extract and inject a volume of the gas.

86. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of claim 84 or 85, wherein the insufflator and the gas agitation system are not configured to be directly pneumatically coupled with each other.

87. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of any one of claims 84 to 86, the insufflator configured to control a pressure of the gas.

88. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of any one of claims 84 to 87, the insufflator configured to regulate a pressure of the gas to a target insufflation pressure.

89. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of any one of claims 84 to 88, the insufflator and the gas agitation system configured to operate independently of each other.

90. The surgical insufflation and agitation system of any one of claims 85 to 89, the insufflator and the gas agitation system not configured to communicate with each other.

91. A method for agitating a gas during a minimally invasive procedure, the method comprising repeatedly extracting a volume of gas and injecting the volume of gas by way of an alternating bi-directional gas flow.100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W00192. The method of claim 91, the method comprising repeatedly extracting a volume of gas and injecting the volume of gas by way of a pair of alternating bi-directional gas flows.

93. The method of claim 92, the method comprising providing the pair of alternating bidirectional gas flows in antiphase.

94. The method of any one of claims 91 to 93, the volume of the gas comprising a predetermined volume.

95. The method of claim 94, the predetermined volume comprising a fixed volume.

96. The method of any one of claims 91 to 95, comprising filtering at least a portion of the volume of the gas.

97. A method for controlling a fluid mover of a gas agitation system during a minimally invasive procedure, the method comprising: receiving one or more signals indicative of one or more of a user input, a presence of particulates, a concentration of particulates, and a gas pressure; and controlling the fluid mover based, at least in part, on the one or more signals to repeatedly extract a volume of the gas and inject the volume of the gas.

98. The method of claim 97, the volume of the gas comprising a predetermined volume.

99. The method of claim 97 or 98, controlling the fluid mover comprising controlling a speed of an electric motor driving a reciprocating positive displacement pump.

100. A method for operating a fluid mover configured to be fluidly coupled with an isolator cartridge, the method comprising one or more of: initializing the fluid mover by: opening a valve coupled with the fluid mover; moving the fluid mover to a predetermined position; and closing the valve; and initializing the isolator cartridge by repeatedly: moving the fluid mover by an increment;100691372 / 3462- 1198-9055.1 / 11072W001 opening the valve to relieve pressure generated by the movement of the fluid mover; and closing the valve.

101. The method of claim 100, comprising initializing the fluid mover before initializing the isolator cartridge.

102. The method of claim 100 or 101, initializing the isolator cartridge comprising moving the fluid mover, opening the valve, and closing the valve between two and five times, e.g., three or four times.

103. The method of any one of claims 100 to 102, comprising fluidly coupling the isolator cartridge with the fluid mover before one or more of initializing the fluid mover and initializing the isolator cartridge.

104. A method for operating a fluid mover configured to be fluidly coupled with an isolator cartridge, the method comprising: opening a pair of valves coupled with the fluid mover; closing one of the pair of valves; moving the fluid mover to displace at least part of the isolator cartridge; and closing the other of the pair of valves.

105. The method of claim 104, the method comprising pausing between opening the pair of valves and closing one of the pair of valves.

106. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a controller of a gas agitation system, configure the gas agitation system to perform the method of any one of claims 91 to 105.

Images