Battery diagnosis apparatus and battery diagnosis method

Abstract

A battery diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment disclosed in the present document includes: a memory configured to store a voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a capacity change of a battery cell including an electrode based on a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material and a nickel, cobalt, manganese (NCM) material; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify, from the voltage profile, a first section and a second section determined based on phase transitions of the LMFP material and the NCM material, and to identify, on the basis of the first section and the second section, an available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material.

Description

Battery diagnostic device and battery diagnostic method

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0139457 filed on October 14, 2024, and includes all contents disclosed in the document of said Korean patent application as part of this specification.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery diagnostic device and a battery diagnostic method.

[0005] The degradation of a battery cell can be composed of the sum of the available lithium loss rate and the positive electrode capacity loss rate. The degradation of the positive and negative electrodes of a battery cell can be quantified by identifying changes in the interval between one or more peak values ​​in the voltage data used for battery cell diagnosis. However, there is a problem in that the loss of lithium inventory (LLI) cannot be quantified when using changes in the interval between one or more peak values. Therefore, a method may be required to identify the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell along with the capacity loss of the material by utilizing the characteristics of the material within the battery cell.

[0006] One objective of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery diagnostic device and a battery diagnostic method for identifying the degree of degradation of a material within a battery cell.

[0007] One objective of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery diagnostic device and a battery diagnostic method for increasing the accuracy of diagnosing a battery cell by quantifying the amount of available lithium loss.

[0008] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0009] A battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document includes: a memory for storing a voltage profile representing a voltage change for a capacity change of a battery cell comprising an electrode based on an LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and an NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the voltage profile, and to identify, based on the first section and the second section, an available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material.

[0010] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify a first value and a second value corresponding to the LMFP material based on the voltage profile, identify a third value corresponding to the NCM material and included between the first value and the second value, and, based on the first value, identify the capacity region of the battery cell into a first section including the initial value of the voltage profile and a second section including the second value.

[0011] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell using the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate.

[0012] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify the second capacity loss rate using the degradation degree of the battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, and the first capacity loss rate.

[0013] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to acquire a reference voltage profile representing a voltage change for a capacity change of the battery cell in a BOL state, use the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile to identify a first capacity change corresponding to the first interval, and based on the first capacity change, identify the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss corresponding to the first interval.

[0014] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section based on the reference voltage profile and the second capacity change corresponding to the second section identified using the voltage profile.

[0015] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify the first capacity loss rate using the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0016] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to identify the first capacity loss based on the second capacity loss and the first capacity change.

[0017] For example, the at least one processor may be configured to change the charging upper voltage of the battery cell based on identifying the available lithium loss rate that exceeds a specified value.

[0018] A battery diagnostic method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include: identifying a first section and a second section determined based on phase transitions of the LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and the NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material in a voltage profile representing a voltage change for a capacity change of a battery cell including electrodes based on LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material; and identifying, based on the first section and the second section, an available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material.

[0019] For example, the operation of identifying the first section and the second section may include, based on the voltage profile, an operation of identifying a first value and a second value corresponding to the LMFP material, an operation of identifying a third value corresponding to the NCM material and included between the first value and the second value, and based on the first value, an operation of identifying the capacity region of the battery cell into the first section including the initial value of the voltage profile and the second section including the second value.

[0020] For example, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate may include the operation of identifying the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell using the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate.

[0021] For example, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate may include the operation of identifying the second capacity loss rate using the degree of degradation of the battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, and the first capacity loss rate.

[0022] For example, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate may include the operation of obtaining a reference voltage profile representing a voltage change for a capacity change of the battery cell in a BOL state, the operation of identifying a first capacity change corresponding to the first section using the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile, and the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss corresponding to the first section based on the first capacity change.

[0023] For example, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate may further include the operation of identifying a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section based on a second capacity change corresponding to the second section identified using the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile.

[0024] The battery diagnostic device and battery diagnostic method disclosed in this document can identify the degree of degradation of materials within a battery cell.

[0025] The battery diagnostic device and battery diagnostic method disclosed in this document can improve the accuracy of diagnosing a battery cell by quantifying the amount of available lithium loss.

[0026] In addition, various effects that can be identified directly or indirectly through this document may be provided.

[0027] FIG. 1a is a block diagram showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0028] FIG. 1b is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a graph showing a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a graph showing a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a table containing data related to a battery cell according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a flowchart showing the operation performed by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a graph showing a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0034] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a graph showing a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a table containing data related to a battery cell according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0036] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a flowchart showing the operation performed by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0037] FIG. 10 shows a computing system that executes a battery diagnostic method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0038] Some embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to the various embodiments of the accompanying drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the technology to specific embodiments and should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives to embodiments of the technology.

[0039] It should be noted that when assigning reference numerals to the components of each drawing, the same components are assigned the same reference numeral whenever possible, even if they are shown in different drawings. Furthermore, in describing the various embodiments disclosed in this document, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known configurations or functions would hinder understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, such detailed description is omitted. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more items unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0040] In describing the components of the embodiments of this document, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc., may be used. These terms are intended merely to distinguish the components from other components and do not limit the essence, order, or sequence of the components. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this application.

[0041] Additionally, in this disclosure, expressions of "greater than" or "less than" may be used to determine whether a specific condition is satisfied or fulfilled; however, this is merely for the purpose of expressing an example and does not exclude descriptions of "greater than" or "less than." Conditions described as "greater than" may be replaced with "greater than," conditions described as "less than" may be replaced with "less than," and conditions described as "greater than and less than" may be replaced with "greater than and less than." Furthermore, "A" to "B" below refer to at least one of the elements from A (including A) to B (including B).

[0042] In this document, each of the phrases such as "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B or C", "at least one of A, B and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" may include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase, or all possible combinations thereof.

[0043] In this document, where any component (e.g., 1) is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “joined” to another component (e.g., 2), with or without the terms “functionally” or “communicationally,” or where it is referred to as “coupled” or “connected,” it means that the component may be connected to the other component directly (e.g., via a wire), wirelessly, or through a third component.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the method according to the various embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded between a seller and a buyer as a product. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a device-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)), or distributed online (e.g., download or upload) through an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily created on a device-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or a relay server.

[0045] According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., module or program) of the described components may include a singular or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to various embodiments, one or more of the aforementioned components or operations may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Generally or additionally, multiple components (e.g., module or program) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as they were performed by the corresponding component among the multiple components prior to integration. According to various embodiments, operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically; one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order; may be omitted; or one or more other operations may be added.

[0046]

[0047] FIG. 1a is a block diagram showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 1a, a battery control system including a battery pack (1) and a higher controller (2) included in a higher system according to one embodiment disclosed in this document is schematically shown.

[0049] As illustrated in FIG. 1a, the battery pack (1) may include a plurality of battery cells (11) (or one or more battery cells), a switching unit (14) connected in series to the first terminal side and / or second terminal side of the plurality of battery cells (11) to control the charge / discharge current flow of the plurality of battery cells (11), and a battery management system (20) that monitors the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery pack (1) to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.

[0050] In this case, the battery pack (1) may be equipped with a plurality of battery cells (11), a sensor (12), a switching unit (14), and / or a battery management system (20). For example, the first terminal may be the (+) terminal of the plurality of battery cells (11), and the second terminal may be the (-) terminal.

[0051] Here, the switching unit (14) is a device for controlling the current flow for charging or discharging a plurality of battery cells (11), and, for example, depending on the specifications of the battery pack (1), at least one relay, magnetic contactor, etc. may be used.

[0052] For example, a plurality of battery cells (11) may include a cylindrical battery. A cylindrical battery refers to a battery in which the battery material is packaged into a cylinder.

[0053] The battery management system (20) is an interface that receives values ​​of various parameters measured above, and may include a plurality of terminals and a circuit connected to these terminals to perform processing of the received values. Additionally, the battery management system (20) may control the ON / OFF of a switching unit (14), such as a relay or contactor, and may be connected to a battery cell (11) to monitor the status of each of the plurality of battery cells (11).

[0054] The upper controller (2) can transmit control signals for a plurality of battery cells (11) to the battery management system (20). Accordingly, the operation of the battery management system (20) can be controlled based on the signals applied from the upper controller (2).

[0055] According to an embodiment, the battery management system (20) may include the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. According to another embodiment, the battery management system (20) may be a different system from the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. That is, the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b may be included in the battery pack (1) or may be composed of another device outside the battery pack (1). For convenience of explanation, the description is based on the premise that the battery diagnostic device (100) is composed of another device outside the battery pack (1).

[0056]

[0057] FIG. 1b is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0058] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may include at least one of a processor (110), a memory (120), or an interface (130). The processor (110), the memory (120), and the interface (130) may be electrically and / or operably coupled with each other by an electronic component including a communication bus. Hereinafter, operably coupled hardware may mean that a direct connection or an indirect connection between the hardware is established via wired or wireless means so that a second hardware is controlled by a first hardware among the hardware. Although illustrated based on different blocks, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and some of the hardware of FIG. 1b (e.g., at least a portion of the processor (110), the memory (120), and the communication circuit (not shown)) may be included in a single integrated circuit, such as a system on a chip (SoC). Communication methods between components may include buses, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), MIPI (mobile industry processor interface), etc.

[0059] A processor (110) of a battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may include a hardware component for processing data based on one or more instructions. The hardware component for processing data may include, for example, an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a floating point unit (FPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), and / or an application processor (AP). The number of processors (110) may be one or more. For example, the processor (110) may have the structure of a multi-core processor including a dual core, a quad core, a hexa core, or an octa core.

[0060] A memory (120) of a battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may include a hardware component for storing data and / or instructions that are input and / or output to a processor (110). The memory (120) may include, for example, volatile memory such as random-access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM). For example, the volatile memory may include at least one of dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), cache RAM, and pseudo SRAM (PSRAM). For example, the non-volatile memory may include at least one of programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, hard disk, compact disk, and embedded multi-media card (eMMC). For example, the memory (120) may be configured to store a voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a change in capacity of a battery cell comprising an LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and / or an NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material. For example, the LMFP material and / or NCM material may be included in the electrodes of the battery cell.

[0061] An interface (130) of a battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may be configured to generate various battery measurement values ​​from the battery. To this end, the interface (130) may include a measurement means such as a voltmeter, ammeter, and thermometer, and a communication circuit for establishing a communication link with an external device. As an example, the interface (130) may include a temperature sensor attached to a battery cell.

[0062] For example, the interface (130) may be configured to obtain a temperature profile indicating the relationship between the voltage of the battery cell and the temperature of the battery cell. The interface (130) may be configured to obtain a voltage profile indicating the relationship between the voltage of the battery cell and the capacity of the battery cell. For example, the voltage profile may indicate a voltage change with respect to a change in capacity of a battery cell comprising an electrode based on an LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and / or an NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material. According to various embodiments, the electrode based on the LMFP material and / or the NCM material may include an electrode formed using the LMFP and / or the NCM material wholly or partially.

[0063] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material in the voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell based on the first section and the second section.

[0064] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first value indicating a phase transition of an LMFP material based on a voltage profile associated with a battery cell including an electrode based on an LMFP material. For example, the first value can be identified when all iron (Fe) ions contained in the LMFP material react.

[0065] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may divide the capacity range of a battery cell into a first section and a second section based on a first value. For example, the first section may include an initial value. For example, the second section may include a second value that is distinct from the first value. For example, the second value may be identified when all manganese (Mn) ions contained in the LMFP material react.

[0066] For example, the first interval may include the interval from an initial value to a first value. The second interval may include the interval from the first value to the last value of the capacity area. As an example, the second interval may include the interval from the first value to a second value.

[0067] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify the available lithium loss rate (LLI, Loss of Lithium Inventory) and the cathode capacity loss rate (LAMc, Loss of Cathode Active Material) of a battery cell based on a first section and a second section.

[0068] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can obtain a reference voltage profile representing a voltage change for a capacity change of a battery cell in the BOL (beginning of life) state. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity change corresponding to a first section by using the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an available lithium loss rate and a first capacity loss corresponding to the first section based on the first capacity change.

[0069] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a second capacity loss corresponding to a second section based on a second capacity change corresponding to a second section identified using a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile.

[0070] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss based on a second capacity loss and a first capacity change. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss based on the product of a capacity loss rate corresponding to the second capacity loss and a first capacity change.

[0071] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the capacity corresponding to the second section using a reference capacity profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the second capacity loss for the capacity corresponding to the second section as the capacity loss rate.

[0072] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the positive capacity loss rate using the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss as the positive capacity loss rate.

[0073] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify available lithium loss using a first capacity change and a first capacity loss. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the first capacity change and the first capacity loss as available lithium loss.

[0074] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity of the battery cell from the reference voltage profile. For example, the reference capacity of the battery cell may refer to the total capacity of the battery cell in the BOL state.

[0075] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an available lithium loss rate that indicates the ratio of available lithium loss to the reference capacity of the battery cell.

[0076] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify the degree of degradation of a battery cell by using the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate.

[0077] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a voltage profile indicating a voltage change with respect to a capacity change of a battery cell including an LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and an NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material. For example, a battery cell including an LMFP material and an NCM material may include electrodes based on the LMFP material and the NCM material.

[0078] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to LMFP, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to NCM based on the first section and the second section.

[0079] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first value and a second value corresponding to an LMFP material based on a voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a third value corresponding to an NCM material. The third value may be included between the first value and the second value. The third value may be identified when at least one ion (e.g., nickel ion) contained in the NCM material is fully reacted.

[0080] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can divide the capacity region of a battery cell into a first section including an initial value of a voltage profile and a second section including a second value based on a first value.

[0081] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify the positive capacity loss rate of a battery cell using a first capacity loss rate and a second capacity loss rate. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the sum of the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate as the positive capacity loss rate.

[0082] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a second capacity loss rate using the degree of degradation of a battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell, and a first capacity loss rate. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the degree of degradation of a battery cell, the available lithium loss rate, and the sum of the first capacity loss rate as the second capacity loss rate.

[0083] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can obtain a reference voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a change in capacity of a battery cell in the BOL (beginning of life) state.

[0084] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity change corresponding to a first section using a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an available lithium loss rate and a first capacity loss corresponding to a first section based on the first capacity change.

[0085] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss corresponding to a second section based on a second capacity change corresponding to a second section identified using a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile.

[0086] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss based on a second capacity loss and a first capacity change. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss based on the product of a capacity loss rate corresponding to the second capacity loss and a first capacity change.

[0087] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material using a first capacity loss and a second capacity loss. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss rate based on the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0088] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity of a battery cell in a BOL state in a reference capacity profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the ratio of the sum of the reference capacity, the first capacity loss, and the second capacity loss as the first capacity loss rate.

[0089] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the first capacity change and the first capacity loss as available lithium loss.

[0090] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss rate, which indicates the ratio of available lithium loss to the reference capacity of the battery cell.

[0091] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may change the charging upper voltage of a battery cell based on identifying an available lithium loss rate that exceeds a specified value. The charging upper voltage may represent the maximum available voltage of the battery cell. While charging the battery cell, the battery diagnostic device (100) may temporarily stop charging the battery cell by identifying the charging upper voltage.

[0092] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can adjust the charging speed of a battery cell based on identifying an available lithium loss rate that exceeds a specified value. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can lower the charging speed of the battery cell.

[0093] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment as described above can obtain an available lithium loss rate by identifying the capacity loss of each electrode material included in the battery cell. Based on obtaining the available lithium loss rate, the battery diagnostic device (100) can control the battery cell. Based on controlling the battery cell, the battery diagnostic device (100) can adjust (or reduce) the rate at which the battery cell degrades.

[0094]

[0095] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a graph showing a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. The battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 2 may be referenced to the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. The battery diagnostic device (100) according to an embodiment may obtain data for a battery cell including an electrode based on an LFFP material.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 2, the graph (200) may include a voltage profile (201) representing a voltage change with respect to a change in the capacity of the battery cell.

[0097] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first section (211) and a second section (212) determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material in the voltage profile (201).

[0098] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first value (210) indicating a phase transition of the LMFP material based on a voltage profile. The first value (210) can be identified when lithium ions have completely moved from a region corresponding to iron (Fe) contained in the LMFP material to another region.

[0099] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) may divide the capacity region of the battery cell into a first section (211) and a second section (212) including an initial value (213) of the voltage profile based on a first value (210). For example, the second section (212) may include a second value (215) that is distinct from the first value (210). The second value (215) may indicate a case where all manganese (Mn) ions contained in the LMFP material react.

[0100] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell based on the first section (211) and the second section (212).

[0101] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment as described above can distinguish a section for identifying available lithium loss rate and positive capacity loss rate by identifying a first value (210) representing a phase transition of the LMFP material in the voltage profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can quantify the degree of degradation of the LMFP material according to the distinguished section.

[0102]

[0103] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a graph showing a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a table containing data related to a battery cell according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. The battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 may include the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. The battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 may obtain data for a battery cell including an electrode based on an LMFP material.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 3, the graph (300) may include a reference voltage profile (301) representing a voltage change for a change in capacity of a battery cell in a BOL state, and a voltage profile (351) representing a voltage change for a change in capacity of a battery cell in a current state (e.g., MOL (middle of life) state).

[0105] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity change corresponding to a first section (e.g., the first section (211) of FIG. 2) by using a reference voltage profile (301) and a voltage profile (351).

[0106] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first reference section (311) and a second reference section (312) using a first reference value (310) of a reference voltage profile (301). The second reference section (312) may include a second reference value (315). For example, the second reference section (312) may include the last value of the reference voltage profile (301) from the first reference value (310).

[0107] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first section (361) and a second section (362) using a first value (360) of the voltage profile (351). The second section (362) may include a second value (365).

[0108] Referring to FIG. 4, the table (400) may include one or more values ​​representing data included in the reference voltage profile (301) and the voltage profile (351).

[0109] For example, the table (400) may include reference capacity data (410) related to a battery cell in BOL state and capacity data (420) related to a battery cell in MOL state. The reference capacity data (410) related to a battery cell in BOL state may be referenced in the reference voltage profile (301). The capacity data (420) related to a battery cell in MOL state may be referenced in the voltage profile (351).

[0110] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first section capacity value (430) corresponding to a first section (361) (or a first reference section (311)). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second section capacity value (440) corresponding to a second section (362) (or a second reference section (312)).

[0111] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss corresponding to a available lithium loss rate and a first section (361) based on a first capacity change.

[0112] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first reference capacity value (e.g., 8.56 mAh) corresponding to a first reference interval (311) using reference capacity data (410). The first reference capacity value may represent the difference between the first reference value (310) and the initial value of the reference voltage profile (301).

[0113] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity value (e.g., 1.98 mAh) corresponding to a first interval (361) using capacity data (420). The first capacity value may represent the difference between the first value (360) and the initial value of the voltage profile (351).

[0114] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a second capacity loss corresponding to a second section (362) based on a second capacity change corresponding to a second section (362) identified using a reference voltage profile (301) and a voltage profile (351).

[0115] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can use reference capacity data (410) to identify a second reference capacity value (e.g., 19.71 mAh) corresponding to a second reference interval (312). The second reference capacity value may represent the difference between the first reference value (310) and the last value (or second reference value (315)) of the reference voltage profile (301).

[0116] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can use capacity data (420) to identify a second capacity value (e.g., 16.33 mAh) corresponding to a second interval (362). The second capacity value may represent the difference between the first value (360) and the last value (or second value (365)) of the voltage profile (351).

[0117] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify (or set) the difference between the second reference capacity value and the second capacity value as a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section (362). That is, when a positive capacity loss occurs, shrinkage of the voltage profile occurs, so the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss (e.g., 3.38 mAh) corresponding to the second section (362) by using the difference between the second reference capacity value and the second capacity value. The difference between the second reference capacity value and the second capacity value may be referred to as a second capacity change.

[0118] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss based on a second capacity loss and a first capacity change.

[0119] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss rate (e.g., about 17.14%) by using the ratio (e.g., percentage) of the second capacity loss and the second interval capacity value (440) (e.g., 19.71 mAh) of the reference capacity data (410).

[0120] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify (or set) the difference between the first reference capacity value (e.g., 8.56 mAh) of the reference capacity data (410) and the first capacity value (e.g., 1.98 mAh) of the capacity data (420) as a first capacity change (e.g., 6.58 mAh) corresponding to the first interval (361).

[0121] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the first capacity loss (e.g., 1.128 mAh) by multiplying the first capacity change and the second capacity loss.

[0122] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify available lithium loss by using a first capacity change and a first capacity loss.

[0123] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the first capacity change (e.g., 6.58 mAh) and the first capacity loss (e.g., 1.128 mAh) as available lithium loss (e.g., 5.452 mAh).

[0124] For example, since available lithium loss occurs in the first section (361) among the first section (361) and the second section (362), the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss corresponding to the first section (361) as the available lithium loss of the entire battery cell.

[0125] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity (e.g., 28.27 mAh) of the battery cell from the reference voltage profile. The reference capacity may represent the total capacity of the battery cell in the BOL state.

[0126] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity (e.g., 28.27 mAh) of a battery cell in BOL state from the cell capacity value (470) of the reference capacity data (410).

[0127] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an available lithium loss rate (e.g., about 19.28%) representing the ratio of available lithium loss to the reference capacity of the battery cell.

[0128] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the positive capacity loss rate using the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0129] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the positive capacity loss rate by using the sum of the first capacity loss (e.g., 1.128 mAh) and the second capacity loss (e.g., 3.38 mAh).

[0130] For example, a battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an anode capacity loss rate (e.g., about 15.96%) by using the sum of a first capacity loss and a second capacity loss for a cell capacity value (470) (e.g., 28.27 mAh) of reference capacity data (410).

[0131] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss and available lithium loss by using a first section (361) (and a first reference section (311)). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss by using a second section (362) (and a second reference section (312)).

[0132] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the degree of degradation of the battery cell using the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the sum of the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate as the degree of degradation of the battery cell (e.g., about 35.3%). However, it is not limited thereto. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can obtain the degree of degradation of the battery cell using other data distinct from the voltage profile (351).

[0133] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell using the cell capacity value (470). For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell using a first reference capacity (e.g., 28.27 mAh) representing the cell capacity value (470) of the reference capacity data (410) and a second reference capacity (e.g., 18.31 mAh) representing the cell capacity value (470) of the capacity data (420).

[0134] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may change the charging upper voltage of a battery cell when it identifies an available lithium loss rate exceeding a specified value. For example, the charging upper voltage may represent the maximum voltage of a battery cell capable of charging. For example, if the battery diagnostic device (100) identifies an available lithium loss rate exceeding a specified value, it may adjust the charging speed for charging the battery cell.

[0135] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to an embodiment as described above can identify at least one peak value (e.g., a first value (360)) indicating a phase transition of an LMFP material using a voltage profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can divide the voltage profile into a first section (361) and a second section (362) using at least one peak value. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss corresponding to the first section and available lithium loss for the entire battery cell using the first section (361). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section using the second section (362). The battery diagnostic device (100) can quantify the available lithium loss of the battery cell based on at least one peak value. By quantifying the available lithium loss, the battery diagnostic device (100) can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of the battery cell.

[0136]

[0137] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a flowchart showing operations performed by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b performs the process of FIG. 5. Furthermore, the operations described as being performed by the device can be understood as being controlled by the processor (110) of the battery diagnostic device (100). Each of the operations of FIG. 5 may be performed sequentially, but is not necessarily performed sequentially. For example, the order of each of the operations may be changed, and at least two operations may be performed in parallel. In addition, the operation of the battery diagnostic device (100) may be performed by a Battery Management System (BMS) in a vehicle, as well as by various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charge / discharger.

[0138] In operation S510, a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment can identify a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material in the voltage profile.

[0139] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify a first value indicating a phase transition of the LMFP material based on a voltage profile.

[0140] For example, a battery diagnostic device can divide the capacity area of ​​a battery cell into a first area containing an initial value and a second area different from the first area, based on a first value.

[0141] In operation S520, a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment can identify the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell based on a first section and a second section.

[0142] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate of a battery cell based on the first and second sections.

[0143] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify the available lithium loss rate and positive capacity loss rate of a battery cell by using a reference voltage profile obtained from a battery cell in the BOL state and a voltage profile obtained from a battery cell in the MOL state.

[0144] For example, the battery diagnostic device can use a first section to identify a first capacity loss representing an available lithium loss rate and an anode capacity loss corresponding to the first section. For example, the battery diagnostic device can use a second section to identify a second capacity loss representing an anode capacity loss corresponding to the second section.

[0145] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify the positive capacity loss rate for the entire battery cell by using the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0146] For example, a battery diagnostic device can diagnose the degree of degradation of a battery cell by using the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell.

[0147] For example, a battery diagnostic device can lower the charging upper voltage of a battery cell if the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell exceeds a specified value.

[0148]

[0149] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a graph showing a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. The battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 6 may be referenced to the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. The battery cell included in the battery diagnostic device of FIG. 6 may include an LMFP material and an NCM material. That is, the battery diagnostic device (100) may include a battery cell including an electrode (e.g., a positive electrode) based on an LMFP material and an NCM material.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 6, the graph (600) may include a voltage profile (601) representing a voltage change with respect to a change in the capacity of the battery cell.

[0151] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first section (611) and a second section (612) determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the voltage profile (601).

[0152] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first value (610) indicating a phase transition of the LMFP material based on a voltage profile. The first value (610) may indicate a case where all iron (Fe) ions contained in the LMFP material react.

[0153] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) may divide the capacity region of the battery cell into a first section (611) and a second section (612) that include the initial value of the voltage profile, based on a first value (610). For example, the second section (612) may include a second value (615) that is distinct from the first value (610). The second value (615) may indicate that lithium ions have moved out to another region from the region corresponding to the manganese (Mn) contained in the LMFP material. For example, the second section (612) may include the section between the first value (610) and the last value of the voltage profile (601).

[0154] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first value (610) and a second value (615) corresponding to an LMFP material based on a voltage profile (601).

[0155] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) corresponds to an NCM material and can identify a third value (617) included between a first value (610) and a second value (615).

[0156] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to LMFP, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to NCM based on a first section (611) and a second section (612). For example, if a third value (617) is included between the first value (610) and the second value (615), the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to LMFP, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to NCM using the first section (611) and the second section (612).

[0157] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a peak value corresponding to the NCM material that is different from the third value (617) in the voltage profile (601) as the nickel content in the NCM material becomes relatively higher. The identified peak value may not be included between the initial value and the second value (615) of the voltage profile (601). That is, the identified peak value may be identified at a capacity greater than the capacity identified by the second value (615) (e.g., a capacity included in the range between the second value (615) and the last value of the voltage profile (601).

[0158] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment as described above can distinguish a section for identifying available lithium loss rate and anode capacity loss rate by identifying at least one peak value indicating a phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the voltage profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can quantify the degradation degree of each of the LMFP material and the NCM material according to the distinguished section.

[0159]

[0160] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a graph showing a reference voltage profile and a voltage profile obtained by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a table containing data related to a battery cell according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. The battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 may be referenced to the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b. The battery cell included in the battery diagnostic device of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 may include an LMFP material and an NCM material. That is, the battery diagnostic device (100) may include a battery cell including an electrode (e.g., a positive electrode) based on an LMFP material and an NCM material.

[0161] Referring to FIG. 7, the graph (700) may include a reference voltage profile (701) representing a voltage change for a change in capacity of a battery cell in a BOL state, and a voltage profile (751) representing a voltage change for a change in capacity of a battery cell in a current state (e.g., MOL (middle of life) state).

[0162] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity change corresponding to a first section (e.g., the first section (611) of FIG. 6) by using a reference voltage profile (701) and a voltage profile (751).

[0163] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first reference section (711) and a second reference section (712) using a first reference value (710) of a reference voltage profile (701). The second reference section (712) may include a second reference value (715). For example, the second reference section (712) may include the last value of the reference voltage profile (701) from the first reference value (710). The first reference value (710) and the second reference value (715) may indicate a phase transition of the LMFP material contained in the battery cell in the BOL state.

[0164] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first section (761) and a second section (762) using a first value (760) of the voltage profile (751). The second section (762) may include a second value (765) or the last value of the voltage profile (751). The first value (760) and the second value (765) may indicate a phase transition of the LMFP material contained in the battery cell in its current state.

[0165] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a third reference value (717) indicating a phase transition of the NCM material in a reference voltage profile (701). The third reference value (717) may be included between the first reference value (710) and the second reference value (715).

[0166] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a third value (767) indicating a phase transition of the NCM material in a voltage profile (751). The third value (767) may be included between the first value (760) and the second value (765).

[0167] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can quantify the degradation degree of each NCM material and LMFP material when the third value (767) is included between the first value (760) and the second value (765).

[0168] Referring to FIG. 8, the table (800) may include one or more values ​​representing data included in the reference voltage profile (701) and the voltage profile (751).

[0169] For example, the table (800) may include reference capacity data (810) related to a battery cell in BOL state and capacity data (820) related to a battery cell in MOL state. The reference capacity data (810) related to a battery cell in BOL state may be referenced in the reference voltage profile (301). The capacity data (420) related to a battery cell in MOL state may be referenced in the voltage profile (351).

[0170] For example, each of the reference capacity data (810) and / or capacity data (420) may include data representing a first interval capacity value (830), a second interval capacity value (840), an available lithium loss rate (850), an LMFP capacity loss rate (860), an NCM capacity loss rate (880), and / or a cell capacity value (870) representing the reference capacity of the battery cell.

[0171] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first section capacity value (830) corresponding to a first section (761) (or a first reference section (711)). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second section capacity value (740) corresponding to a second section (762) (or a second reference section (712)).

[0172] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss corresponding to a available lithium loss rate and a first section (761) based on a first capacity change.

[0173] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first reference capacity value (e.g., 7.81 mAh) corresponding to a first reference interval (711) using reference capacity data (810). The first reference capacity value may represent the difference between the first reference value (710) and the initial value of the reference voltage profile (701).

[0174] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity value (e.g., 6.74 mAh) corresponding to a first interval (761) using capacity data (820). The first capacity value may represent the difference between the first value (760) and the initial value of the voltage profile (751).

[0175] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a second capacity loss corresponding to a second section (762) based on a second capacity change corresponding to a second section (762) identified using a reference voltage profile (701) and a voltage profile (751).

[0176] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can use reference capacity data (810) to identify a second reference capacity value (e.g., 25.2 mAh) corresponding to a second reference interval (712). The second reference capacity value may represent the difference between the first reference value (710) and the second reference value (315) of the reference voltage profile (701) (or the last value of the reference voltage profile (701)).

[0177] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can use capacity data (820) to identify a second capacity value (e.g., 24.6 mAh) corresponding to a second interval (762). The second capacity value may represent the difference between the first value (760) and the second value (765) (or the last value) of the voltage profile (751).

[0178] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify (or set) the difference between the second reference capacity value and the second capacity value as a second capacity loss corresponding to the second interval (762).

[0179] That is, when a positive capacity loss occurs, shrinkage of the voltage profile occurs, so the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss (e.g., 0.6 mAh) corresponding to a second section (762) by using the difference between a second reference capacity value (e.g., 25.2 mAh) and a second capacity value (e.g., 24.6 mAh). The difference between the second reference capacity value and the second capacity value may be referred to as a second capacity change.

[0180] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss based on a second capacity loss and a first capacity change. The first capacity loss may represent a portion of the capacity loss of the LMFP material.

[0181] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss rate (e.g., about 2.38%) by using the ratio (e.g., percentage) of the second capacity loss (e.g., 0.6 Ah) and the second interval capacity value (840) (e.g., 25.2 Ah) of the reference capacity data (810).

[0182] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify (or set) the difference between the first reference capacity value (e.g., 7.81 Ah) of the reference capacity data (810) and the first capacity value (e.g., 6.74 Ah) of the capacity data (820) as a first capacity change (e.g., 1.07 Ah) corresponding to the first interval (761).

[0183] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the first capacity loss (e.g., 0.025 mAh) by multiplying the first capacity change and the second capacity loss.

[0184] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify available lithium loss by using a first capacity change and a first capacity loss.

[0185] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the first capacity change (e.g., 1.07 Ah) and the first capacity loss (e.g., 0.025 Ah) as available lithium loss (e.g., 1.045 Ah).

[0186] For example, since available lithium loss occurs in the first section (761) among the first section (761) and the second section (762), the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the available lithium loss corresponding to the first section (761) as the available lithium loss of the entire battery cell.

[0187] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity (e.g., 35.15 Ah) of the battery cell from the reference voltage profile. The reference capacity may represent the total capacity of the battery cell in the BOL state.

[0188] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the reference capacity (e.g., 35.15 Ah) of the battery cell in BOL state from the cell capacity value (870) of the reference capacity data (810).

[0189] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify an available lithium loss rate (e.g., about 2.97%) which indicates the ratio of available lithium loss to the reference capacity of the battery cell.

[0190] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss rate (e.g., LMFP capacity loss rate (860) of FIG. 8) corresponding to the LMFP material using a first capacity loss (e.g., 0.025 Ah) and a second capacity loss (e.g., 1.07 Ah).

[0191] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the first capacity loss rate by using the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0192] For example, the first capacity loss rate can be represented as the ratio of the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss to the reference capacity (e.g., 35.15 Ah) of the reference capacity data (810) (e.g., about 1.78%). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the first capacity loss rate (e.g., about 1.78%) corresponding to the LMFP using the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss to the cell capacity value (870) (e.g., 35.15 Ah) of the reference capacity data (810). The first capacity loss rate can represent the capacity loss rate of the LMFP.

[0193] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a first capacity loss and available lithium loss by using a first section (761) (and a first reference section (711)). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to NCM by using a second section (362) (and a second reference section (312)).

[0194] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the degree of degradation of the battery cell using the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the sum of the available lithium loss rate and the positive capacity loss rate as the degree of degradation of the battery cell (e.g., about 5.06%). However, it is not limited thereto. For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can obtain the degree of degradation of the battery cell using other data distinct from the voltage profile (751).

[0195] In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (100) can calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell using the cell capacity value (870). For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can calculate the degree of degradation of the battery cell using a first reference capacity (e.g., 35.15 Ah) representing the cell capacity value (870) of the reference capacity data (810) and a second reference capacity (e.g., 33.37 Ah) representing the cell capacity value (870) of the capacity data (820).

[0196] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify a second capacity loss rate using the degree of degradation of a battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell, and a first capacity loss rate.

[0197] For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the sum of the available lithium loss rate (e.g., about 2.97%) and the first capacity loss rate (e.g., about 1.78%) (e.g., about 4.75%). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the difference between the degree of degradation of the battery cell (e.g., about 5.06%) and the sum as the second capacity loss rate (e.g., about 0.31%). The second capacity loss rate may represent the capacity loss rate of the NCM.

[0198] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment can identify the positive capacity loss rate of a battery cell using a first capacity loss rate corresponding to LMFP and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to NCM.

[0199] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to one embodiment may change the charging upper voltage of a battery cell when it identifies an available lithium loss rate exceeding a specified value. For example, the charging upper voltage may represent the maximum voltage of a battery cell capable of charging. For example, if the battery diagnostic device (100) identifies an available lithium loss rate exceeding a specified value, it may adjust the charging speed for charging the battery cell.

[0200] A battery diagnostic device (100) according to an embodiment as described above can identify at least one peak value (e.g., a first value (760)) indicating a phase transition of an LMFP material and an NCM material by using a voltage profile. The battery diagnostic device (100) can divide the voltage profile into a first section (761) and a second section (762) by using at least one peak value. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a first capacity loss of the LMFP corresponding to the first section and available lithium loss for the entire battery cell by using the first section (761). The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify a second capacity loss of the LMFP corresponding to the second section by using the second section (762). For example, the battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the capacity loss rate of the NCM by using the available lithium loss, the first capacity loss, and the second capacity loss. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the degree of degradation of each of the one or more materials by using a voltage profile (751) for a battery cell comprising one or more materials. By identifying the degree of degradation of each of the one or more materials, the battery diagnostic device (100) can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of the battery cell.

[0201]

[0202] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a flowchart showing operations performed by a battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment disclosed in this document. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the battery diagnostic device (100) of FIG. 1b performs the process of FIG. 9. Furthermore, the operations described as being performed by the device can be understood as being controlled by the processor (110) of the battery diagnostic device (100). Each of the operations of FIG. 9 may be performed sequentially, but is not necessarily performed sequentially. For example, the order of each of the operations may be changed, and at least two operations may be performed in parallel. In addition, the operation of the battery diagnostic device (100) may be performed by a Battery Management System (BMS) in a vehicle, as well as by various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charge / discharger.

[0203] In operation S910, a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment can identify a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the voltage profile.

[0204] For example, the battery diagnostic device can identify a first value and a second value corresponding to an LMFP material based on a voltage profile. For example, the battery diagnostic device can identify a third value corresponding to an NCM material that is included between the first value and the second value. For example, the battery diagnostic device can divide the capacity region of a battery cell into a first section including the initial value of the voltage profile and a second section including the second value. For example, the third value may be included in the second section.

[0205] In operation S920, a battery diagnostic device according to one embodiment can identify the available lithium loss rate of a battery cell, a first capacity loss rate corresponding to an LMFP material, and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to an NCM material based on a first section and a second section.

[0206] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify the available lithium loss rate and positive capacity loss rate of a battery cell by using a reference voltage profile obtained from a battery cell in a BOL state (e.g., reference voltage profile (701) of FIG. 7) and a voltage profile obtained from a battery cell in a MOL state (e.g., voltage profile (751) of FIG. 7).

[0207] For example, the anode capacity loss rate may include a first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material and a second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material.

[0208] For example, the battery diagnostic device can use a first section to identify the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss of the LMFP material corresponding to the first section. For example, the battery diagnostic device can use a second section to identify the second capacity loss of the LMFP corresponding to the second section.

[0209] For example, a battery diagnostic device can identify a first capacity loss rate representing the total capacity loss of the LMFP material by using the sum of the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss.

[0210] For example, the battery diagnostic device can identify a second capacity loss rate indicating a capacity loss of the NCM material by using the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss rate of the battery cell. The battery diagnostic device (100) can identify the degree of degradation of the entire battery cell by using the first capacity loss rate, the second capacity loss rate and the available lithium loss rate. However, it is not limited thereto.

[0211] For example, a battery diagnostic device can lower the charging upper voltage of a battery cell if the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell exceeds a specified value.

[0212]

[0213] FIG. 10 shows a computing system that executes a battery diagnostic method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0214] Referring to FIG. 10, a computing system (1000) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an MCU (1010), a memory (1020), an input / output I / F (1030), and a communication I / F (1040).

[0215] The MCU (1010) may be a processor that executes various programs stored in memory (1020) (e.g., SOH calculation program, cell balancing target determination program, etc.), processes various data including SOC (state of charge), SOH (state of health), etc. of multiple battery cells through these programs, and performs the functions of the battery diagnostic device (100) described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6. The MCU (1010) may be a BMS, a separate PC, or a cloud, but is not limited thereto.

[0216] The memory (1020) can store various programs regarding the calculation of the battery cell's SOH and the determination of the target for cell balancing. Additionally, the memory (1020) can store various data such as SOC data and SOH data for each battery cell.

[0217] These memories (1020) may be provided in multiple quantities as needed. The memories (1020) may be volatile memories or non-volatile memories. As volatile memories, the memory (1020) may use RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc. As non-volatile memories, the memory (1020) may use ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc. The examples of the memories (1020) listed above are merely examples and are not limited to these examples.

[0218] The input / output I / F (1030) can provide an interface that enables data transmission and reception between an input device (not shown), such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, an output device (not shown), and an MCU (1010).

[0219] The communication I / F (1040) is configured to transmit and receive various data to and from a server and may be various devices capable of supporting wired or wireless communication. For example, through the communication I / F (1040), programs for calculating the SOH of a battery cell or determining a balancing target, or various data, can be transmitted and received from an external server provided separately.

[0220] As such, a battery diagnostic method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document can be recorded in memory (1020) and executed by an MCU (1010).

[0221] As described above, even though all components constituting the embodiments disclosed in this document have been described as being combined or operating in combination, the embodiments disclosed in this document are not necessarily limited to such embodiments. That is, within the scope of the purposes of the embodiments disclosed in this document, all components may be selectively combined in one or more ways to operate.

[0222] Furthermore, terms such as "include," "compose," or "have" as described above, unless specifically stated otherwise, mean that the relevant component may be inherent; thus, they should be interpreted as allowing for the inclusion of additional components rather than excluding them. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as those defined in advance, should be interpreted in accordance with their contextual meanings in the relevant technology and, unless explicitly defined in this document, should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0223] The above description is merely an illustrative explanation of the technical concept disclosed in this document, and a person skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document belong may make various modifications and variations within the scope of the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this document. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in this document are intended to explain, not limit, the technical concept of the embodiments disclosed in this document, and the scope of the technical concept disclosed in this document is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the technical concept disclosed in this document shall be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope shall be interpreted as being included within the scope of rights of this document.

Claims

1. A memory for storing a voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a capacity change of a battery cell comprising electrodes based on LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material; and It includes at least one processor, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, Identifying a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in the above voltage profile, and Based on the first section and the second section, configured to identify the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material, and the second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material. Battery diagnostic device.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, Based on the above voltage profile, a first value and a second value corresponding to the LMFP material are identified, and Identifying a third value corresponding to the above NCM material and included between the first value and the second value, and Based on the first value above, the capacity region of the battery cell is configured to be identified into the first section including the initial value of the voltage profile and the second section including the second value. Battery diagnostic device.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, A configuration for identifying the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell using the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate. Battery diagnostic device.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, A configuration for identifying the second capacity loss rate using the degradation degree of the battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, and the first capacity loss rate. Battery diagnostic device.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, A reference voltage profile representing the voltage change with respect to the capacity change of the battery cell in the BOL state is obtained, and Using the above reference voltage profile and the above voltage profile, a first capacitance change corresponding to the above first section is identified, and Based on the first capacity change, configured to identify the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss corresponding to the first interval, Battery diagnostic device.

6. In Paragraph 5, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, A configuration for identifying a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section based on a second capacity change corresponding to the second section identified using the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile, Battery diagnostic device.

7. In Paragraph 6, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, Configured to identify the first capacity loss rate using the first capacity loss and the second capacity loss, Battery diagnostic device.

8. In Paragraph 6, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, Based on the second capacity loss and the first capacity change, configured to identify the first capacity loss, Battery diagnostic device.

9. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned at least one processor is, Based on identifying the available lithium loss rate exceeding a specified value, configured to change the charging upper voltage of the battery cell, Battery diagnostic device.

10. An operation of identifying a first section and a second section determined based on the phase transition of the LMFP material and the NCM material in a voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a capacity change of a battery cell including electrodes based on LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) material and NCM (nickel, cobalt, manganese) material, and Based on the first section and the second section, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate corresponding to the LMFP material, and the second capacity loss rate corresponding to the NCM material, Battery diagnostic method.

11. In Paragraph 10, The operation of identifying the first section and the second section is, An operation to identify a first value and a second value corresponding to the LMFP material based on the above voltage profile, An operation to identify a third value corresponding to the above NCM material and included between the first value and the second value, and Based on the first value, the operation of identifying the capacity region of the battery cell into the first section including the initial value of the voltage profile and the second section including the second value, Battery diagnostic method.

12. In Paragraph 10, The operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate is, The method includes an operation of identifying the positive capacity loss rate of the battery cell using the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate. Battery diagnostic method.

13. In Paragraph 10, The operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate is, The operation of identifying the second capacity loss rate using the degradation degree of the battery cell, the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, and the first capacity loss rate, Battery diagnostic method.

14. In Paragraph 10, The operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate is, The operation of obtaining a reference voltage profile representing a voltage change with respect to a capacity change of the battery cell in the BOL state, An operation of identifying a first capacitance change corresponding to the first section using the above reference voltage profile and the above voltage profile, and Based on the first capacity change, the operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate and the first capacity loss corresponding to the first interval, Battery diagnostic method.

15. In Paragraph 14, The operation of identifying the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate is, The method further includes an operation of identifying a second capacity loss corresponding to the second section based on a second capacity change corresponding to the second section identified using the reference voltage profile and the voltage profile. Battery diagnostic method.

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