Antimicrobial and preservation composition

Abstract

A composition having antimicrobial properties is disclosed. The composition is particularly well suited for use as a antimicrobial in all different types of products. In one aspect, the composition contains at least a further compound in combination with a transition metal or transition metal salt.

Description

Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) ANTIMICROBIAL AND PRESERVATION COMPOSITION CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 706791, filed October 14, 2024, of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 727705, filed December 4, 2024, and of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 819067, filed June 6, 2025, which are all expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. BACKGROUND

[0002] The majority of homecare and personal care (HPC) products and industrial products are aqueous based products that can support the growth of microbial spoilage microorganisms which negatively impact product quality and safety. HPC and industrial products can be formulated to eliminate the need to use antimicrobials through approaches such as hurdle technology, leveraging multifunctional ingredients by combining several mitigating approaches, each of which is insufficient on its own, to control or even eliminate pathogens. Alternatively HPC and industrial products can be preserved with petrochemical- derived antimicrobials or naturally derived versions of traditional antimicrobials. These options are not always preferred and are not always cost-effective or sustainable. Further, in many countries, the maximum allowed concentration of recognized antimicrobial agents continues to decrease due to regulatory, toxicology, cost, and supply issues.

[0003] In view of the above, a need currently exists for improved preservation systems for HPC products and industrial products. Currently, the key technical challenges center around improving cost, performance, enhancing surfactant compatibility while maintaining a broad spectrum of efficacy, and minimizing formulation color impacts. For instance, a need currently exists for an improved preservation system that is particularly effective at neutral and alkaline pH or is effective in high surfactant systems where there are currently limited options. A need also exists for a preservation system capable of displaying efficacy over a broad range of microorganisms so that the preservation components can beAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) incorporated into multiple products used in different fields. In addition to the above, there is also a need for a cost effective multi-functional preservation system which can provide or boost the microbiological preservation benefits of existing antimicrobials. SUMMARY

[0004] In general, the present disclosure is directed to a composition having antimicrobial properties that is well suited for use as an antimicrobial active in home care products, personal care products, and industrial products. It has been discovered that various metal salts have been shown to demonstrate efficacy against many different microorganisms when combined with at least a further compound. It was also discovered that the composition can boost the efficacy of known antimicrobials. Synergy has been demonstrated with a wide range of compounds making the composition capable of being changed and formulated for a particular application.

[0005] In one aspect, for instance, the present disclosure is directed to a composition having antimicrobial properties that comprises a transition metal salt in combination with at least a further compound. The transition metal salt can include a transition metal comprising silver or copper. The at least further compound can comprise an amino acid or a derivative thereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic alcohol, a chelating agent, a ketone, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ester, an alkyl glyceryl ester, an alkyl glyceryl ether, a halogen containing compound, an amine ester, an alkyl ester, a natural extract, a fermentation product, a isothiazolinone, a quaternary ammonium compound, a formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a diol, a glucamide, an amine oxide, a gluconolactone, metipirox, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate, or mixtures thereof. In accordance with the present disclosure, the transition metal salt and the one or more further compounds are present in a synergistically effective amount.

[0006] Various different metal salts can be present in the composition of the present disclosure. Examples of metal salts include gluconate salts, nitrate salts, and the like. For instance, the metal salt can comprise copper gluconate, silver gluconate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, silver sulfate, copper chloride, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver hydroxide, copper carbonate,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment, copper tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu), copper bisglycinate, silver bisglycinate,copper PCA, silver PCA, copper citrate, silver citrate, copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate, or mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the composition is free of zinc gluconate.

[0007] In one aspect, the at least further compound comprises a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof such as caprylhydroxamic acid or benzohydroxamic acid. The at least further compound can also comprise an amino acid derivative such as an alkyl carboxylic acid amino acid derivative. For instance, the at least further compound can comprise ethyl lauroyl arginate.

[0008] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an amino acid hydroxamate or derivatives thereof.

[0009] The aminohydroxamic acid, for instance, can comprise a reaction product of an amino acid and a hydroxylamine, or a derivative thereof. The amino acid, for instance, can comprise leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, cysteine, phenylalanine, or derivatives thereof. In one aspect, the amino acid comprises D- or an L-configuration amino acid, such as D-Leucine, D-Glutamic acid, D-Alanine, L-Leucine, L-Glutamic Acid, or L- Alanine.

[0010] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an aminohydroxamic acid having one of the following formulas or salts thereof: (IA),wherein R1 comprises or unsubstituted straight chain or branched C1 to C20 alkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, an amidoalkyl group, an alkylguanidine group, an alkoxy group, an alkylether group, an alkyl selenol group, an alkyl thiol group or a alkylthioether group; an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IB), or salts thereof:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) NH2O , wherein R2 or an aminohydroxamic, (IC), wherein R3group.

[0011] Alternatively, the at least further compound can comprise a 2-substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound. The substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound, for instance, can comprise 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide, 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, 2- hydroxypyridine 1-oxide, or a cyclic hydroxamic acid of itaconic acid. In one aspect, the at least further compound comprises zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, or mixtures thereof.

[0012] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a phenolic alcohol. The phenolic alcohol can comprise benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, 2- phenylethanol, maltol, phenylpropanol, O-cymen-5-ol, hydroxytyrosol, or mixtures thereof.

[0013] In still another embodiment, the at least further compound comprises a pyrone-based acid derivative, such as dehydroacetic acid.

[0014] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an organic acid or a salt thereof, such as benzoic acid, sorbic acid, lactic acid, salicyclic acid, anisic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, azelaic acid, kojic acid, propionic acid, itaconic acid, gluconolactic acid, hyaluronic acid, undecylenic acid, formic acid, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0015] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a ketone such as a hydroxyacetophenone including 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 3- hydroxyacetophenone, and / or 2-hydroxyacetophenone, a raspberry ketone, a cyclohexanone, an acetophenone, a methy ethyl ketone, a hydroxyethoxyphenylAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) butanone, a p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, a muscone, a camphor, or mixtures thereof.

[0016] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an alkylene glycol such as caprylyl glycol, methylheptyl glycerine, ethylhexyl glycerine, or mixtures thereof.

[0017] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an alkylene glycol ester such as propylene glycol caprylate or propanediol caprylate.

[0018] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an alkyl glyceryl ether.

[0019] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a halogen containing compound such as chlorphenesin, octenidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine, bronopol, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, or mixtures thereof.

[0020] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an amine ester such as capryloyl glycine, undecylenoyl glycine, or mixtures thereof.

[0021] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an ester such as an alkyl ester. The ester can comprise ethyl levulinate, butyl levulinate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, glyceryl caprylate, sorbitan caprylate, glyceryl heptanoate, glyceryl undecylenate, or mixtures thereof.

[0022] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a diol such as 1,2 pentanediol, 1,2 hexanediol, 1,2 heptanediol, 1,3 butanediol, or mixtures thereof.

[0023] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a glucamide such as capryloyl anhydro methyl glucamide.

[0024] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an aldehyde such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

[0025] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise piroctone olamine.

[0026] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a fermentation product such as a Lactobacillus ferment, a Leuconostoc ferment filtrate, or mixtures thereof.

[0027] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a natural extract such as cocos nucifera (Coconut) fruit extract, magnolia officinalis bark, or mixtures thereof.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0028] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise benzoin.

[0029] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a polypeptide such as polylysine.

[0030] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an isothiazolinone such as 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3- one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, n-butyl-1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, or mixtures thereof.

[0031] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a formaldehyde donor such as dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH), oxazolidine, sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate, 2,2',2-(hexahydro-1,3-5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl- )triethanol (HHT), (ethylenedioxy)dimethanol (EDDM), or salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0032] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a quaternary ammonium compound such as benzalkonium chloride, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

[0033] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a paraben such as methyl parabens.

[0034] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a guanidine compound such as a biguanide and / or its substitution products, salts, analogs, derivatives, and / or combinations thereof, including polyhexamethylene biguanide.

[0035] In one embodment, the composition can comprise only the metal salt in combination with the at least further compound. Alternatively, the composition can include additional components that can further increase the efficacy of the composition against microorganisms. For instance, in one embodiment, the composition can further include a known antimicrobial, such as a benzoate. In one aspect, for instance, the composition further includes sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate. In one particular embodiment, the composition contains sodium benzoate in combination with a 2-substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound and / or with dehydroacetic acid.

[0036] The amount of the metal salt in relation to the at least further compound can vary depending upon the particular application and the end use product. In one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the at least further compound can be from about 1:5,000 to about 15,000:1, such as from about 1:5,000 to aboutAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 10,000:1, such as from about 1:5,000 to about 8,000:1, such as from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 20:1. The composition can contain various other additives including a solvent, a surfactant, a complexing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, an alkalinity builder, a pH adjusting agent, an auxiliary, an acid, a foaming agent, a fragrance, a colorant, a humectant, an emulsifier, a thickener, an antioxidant, a UV blocking agent, a wax, a natural extract, an oil, or mixtures thereof.

[0037] In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a personal care or home care formulation containing the composition of the present disclosure. The home or personal care formulation can comprise a color cosmetic product, a deodorant product, a hair care product, an oral care product, a skin care product, a bathing product, a sun care product, a fabric care product, a dish wash liquid product, a fragrance preparation, a hard surface cleaning product, a toilet care product, or a premoistened wipe. The metal salt can be present in the home or personal care formulation in an amount from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm. The at least further compound can be present in the formulation in an amount from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.

[0038] In an alternative embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to an industrial formulation containing the composition of the present disclosure. The industrial formulation can comprise paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mineral slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations. The composition of the present disclosure can also be incorporated into an industrial formulation containing one or more raw materials or intermediate blends that can be used to forumulate other products. Similar to the personal or home care formulation, the industrial formulation can contain the metal salt in an amount from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm and can contain the at least further compound in an amount from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.

[0039] The present disclosure is also directed to a method for preserving a formulation against microbiological growth. The method includes the step of adding to a formulation or product the composition as described above. TheAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) formulation can comprise a personal care or home care formulation or can comprise an industrial formulation.

[0040] Other features and aspects of the present disclosure are discussed in greater detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] A full and enabling disclosure of the present disclosure is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which: Figure 1 is a graphical representation of some of the results obtained in the Examples below and particularly illustrates Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (ppm) of different ratios of l-leucine hydroxamic acid (LLH) and Cu2+.; and Figure 2 is a graphical representation of some of the results obtained in the Examples below and particulary illustrates the Synergy index (S.I) of different ratios of l-leucine hydroxamic acid (LLH) and Cu2+. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present disclosure.

[0043] In general, the present disclosure is directed to a composition having antimicrobial properties that contains a metal or metal salt in combination with at least a further compound. The composition of the present disclosure not only has inherent antimicrobial properties but can also boost the performance of antimicrobials used in the past, such as sodium benzoate and phenoxyethanol. In this manner, the composition can also be used to reduce the amount or concentration of known antimicrobials for providing a more cost effective, multi- functional solution.

[0044] As described above, the composition of the present disclosure having antimicrobial properties includes a transition metal or transition metal salt in combination with at least one further compound. Various different metals and metal salts can be incorporated into the composition. The metal or metal salts, for instance, can contain, in one aspect, copper, silver, or mixtures thereof.

[0045] When a metal salt is incorporated into the composition of the present disclosure, the salt can comprise a gluconate or a nitrate. For instance, the metalAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) salt can comprise copper gluconate, silver gluconate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, or mixtures thereof. Other metal salts include copper sulfate, silver sulfate, copper chloride, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver hydroxide, copper carbonate, silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment, copper tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu), copper bisglycinate, silver bisglycinate,copper PCA, silver PCA, copper citrate, silver citrate, copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate, or mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the composition (and end use product) can be free of zinc gluconate.

[0046] The at least one further compound can comprise an amino acid or a derivative thereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic alcohol, a chelating agent, a ketone, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ester, an alkyl glyceryl ester, an alkyl glyceryl ether, a halogen containing compound, an amine ester, other esters, a natural extract, a fermentation product, a isothiazolinone, a quaternary ammonium compound, a formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a glucamide, a diol, an amine oxide, a gluconolactone, metipirox, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate, or mixtures thereof.

[0047] In addition to increasing the antimicrobial efficacy of the composition, the at least further compound can have various other functions. For instance, the at least further compound can comprise a solvent or a stabilizer. In one aspect, the at least further compound may comprise a metal ligand. A metal ligand is a molecule or ion that can bind to a central metal atom or ion to form a coordination complex. Ligands can donate pairs of electrons to the metal to form coordinate covalent bonds. The at least further compound, for instance, can be a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, or a polydentate ligand.

[0048] As described above, in one embodiment, the at least further compound can comprise an amino acid or amino acid derivative. For example, the at least further compound can comprise an amino acid combined with a hydroxamic acid, such as an acyclic hydroxamic acid. In one particular embodiment, the at least further compound comprises an aminohydroxamic acid.

[0049] The aminohydroxamic acids may be obtained by the reaction of an amino acid with hydroxylamine, or a derivative thereof. The amino acid may be a naturally occurring amino acid, non-naturally occurring amino acid, or an aminoAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) acid analog. Amino acids may be categorized based on the location of the core structural functional group, such as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (ɣ-), or delta (δ-) amino acids. With the exception of glycine, naturally occurring α-amino acids can exist in two or more stereoisomeric forms, such as L- configuration and D- configuration. L- configured amino acids are the only amino acids found in proteins during translation in the ribosome. Amino acid analogs may include modified forms of naturally or non-naturally occurring amino acids, such as substitution or replacement of chemical groups and moieties on the amino acid or by derivatization of the amino acid.

[0050] Examples of amino acids may include, but are not limited to, glycine, lysine, alanine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, arginine, or a combination thereof. For instance, the amino acid may be leucine. In another embodiment, the amino acid may be glutamic acid. In yet another embodiment, the amino acid may be alanine. In one embodiment, the amino acid may be selected from a group consisting of leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, cysteine, phenylalanine, or derivatives thereof.

[0051] In one embodiment, the aminohydroxamic acid, for instance, may be obtained from leucine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, or a combination thereof. For instance, the aminohydroxamic acid may be obtained from L-Leucine . In another embodiment, the aminohydroxamic acid may be L-Glutamic acid. In yet another embodiment, the aminohydroxamic acid may be obtained from L-Tyrosine. In another embodiment, the aminohydroxamic acid may be L-Alanine hydroxamic acid.

[0052] In one embodiment, the composition disclosed herein may include at least one aminohydroxamic acid. In another embodiment, the composition disclosed herein may include a combination of a first aminohydroxamic acid and a second aminohydroxamic acid.

[0053] In one embodiment, for instance, the aminohydroxamic acid may comprise an aminohydroxamic acid, salt, tautomer, or derivative thereof, having the general Formula IA:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) , wherein R1 comprises or unsubstituted straight chain orgroup, an heteroaryl group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, an amidoalkyl group, an alkylguanidine group, an alkoxy group, an alkylether group, an alkyl selenol group, an alkyl thiol group or a alkylthioether group.

[0054] “Alkyl” refers to monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms or from 10 to 25 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. “Cx-y alkyl” refers to alkyl groups having from x to y carbon atoms wherein x and y may be any number from 1 to 25. This term includes, by way of example, linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and so forth. The term “alkyl” refers to any straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group. The term “alkyl” may include, but are not limited to, an alkylether group when the alkyl group contains an oxygen atom covalently attached to two of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group, or an alkyl thioether group when the alkyl group contains a sulfur atom covalently attached to two of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group.

[0055] “Alkylguanidine” refers to a guanidine group which is bound to an alkyl group. The alkylguanidine group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group. This term includes, by way of example, -CH2- NH-C(=NH)NH2, -CH2-CH2-NH-C(=NH)NH2, -CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(=NH)NH2, and so forth.

[0056] “Alkyl selenol” refers to a selenol group which is bound to an alkyl group. The alkyl selenol group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group This term includes, by way of example, -CH2-Se- H, -CH2-CH2-Se-H, and so forth.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0057] “Alkyl thiol” refers to a thiol group which is bound to an alkyl group. The alkyl thiol group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group. This term includes, by way of example, -CH2-S-H, -CH2- CH2-S-H, and so forth.

[0058] “Alkenyl” refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and having at least 1 site of vinyl unsaturation (>C=C<). “Cx-y alkenyl” refers to alkenyl groups having from x to y carbon atoms wherein x and y may be any number from 2 to 25. This term includes, by way of example, example, ethenyl, propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, and so forth.

[0059] “Alkynyl” refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and having at least one carbon- carbon triple bond (–C≡C–). “Cx-y” alkynyl refers to alkynyl groups having from x to y carbon atoms wherein x and y may be any number from 2 to 25. This term includes, by way of example, ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, and so forth.

[0060] “Alkylene” refers to a divalent group derived form a linear or branched hydrocarbyl group by the removal of two hydrogen atoms and may have from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. “Cx-y alkylene” refers to alkylene groups having from x to y carbon atoms wherein x and y may be any number from 1 to 25. This term includes, by way of example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, and so forth.

[0061] “Aryl” refers to an aromatic group of from 3 to 14 carbon atoms and no ring heteroatoms and having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed (fused) rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). For multiple ring systems, including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems having aromatic and non-aromatic rings that have no ring heteroatoms, the term “Aryl” applies when the point of attachment is at an aromatic carbon atom (e.g., 5,6,7,8 tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl is an aryl group as its point of attachment is at the 2-position of the aromatic phenyl ring).Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0062] “Alkoxy” refers to an alkyl attached to a parent molecule through an oxygen atom. This term includes, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and so forth.

[0063] “Amino” refers to a group having the structure –NR’R” wherein R’ and R” are independently selected from H and alkyl. R’ and R” taken together may optionally be –(CH2)k– where k is an integer of from 2 to 6. This term includes, by way of example, amino (–NH2), methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, iso- propylamino, dimethylamino, methylethylamino, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and so forth.

[0064] The term “amine” or “amino” should be understood as being broadly applied to both a molecule, or a moiety or functional group, as generally understood in the art, and may be primary, secondary, or tertiary. The term “amine” or “amino” may include compounds where a nitrogen atom is covalently bonded to at least one carbon, hydrogen or heteroatom. The terms may include, for example, but are not limited to, “alkyl amino,” “arylamino,” “diarylamino,” “alkylarylamino,” “alkylaminoaryl,” “arylaminoalkyl,” “alkaminoalkyl,” “amide,” “amido,” and “aminocarbonyl.” The term “alkyl amino” comprises groups and compounds wherein the nitrogen is bound to at least one additional alkyl group. The term “dialkyl amino” includes groups wherein the nitrogen atom is bound to at least two additional alkyl groups. The term “arylamino” and “diarylamino” may include groups wherein the nitrogen is bound to at least one or two aryl groups, respectively. The term “alkylarylamino,” “alkylaminoaryl” or “arylaminoalkyl” refers to an amino group which is bound to at least one alkyl group and at least one aryl group. The term “alkaminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group bound to a nitrogen atom which is also bound to an alkyl group.

[0065] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more amino groups. This term includes, by way of example, aminomethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, diethylaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, and so forth. The term may include, for example, but are not limited to, “alkyl amino,” “arylamino,” “diarylamino,” “alkylarylamino,” “alkylaminoaryl,” “arylaminoalkyl,” “alkaminoalkyl,” “amide,” “amido,” and “aminocarbonyl.” The term “alkyl amino” comprises groups and compounds wherein the nitrogen is bound to at least one additional alkyl group. The term “dialkyl amino” includes groupsAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) wherein the nitrogen atom is bound to at least two additional alkyl groups. The term “arylamino” and “diarylamino” may include groups wherein the nitrogen is bound to at least one or two aryl groups, respectively. The term “alkylarylamino,” “alkylaminoaryl” or “arylaminoalkyl” refers to an amino group which is bound to at least one alkyl group and at least one aryl group. The term “alkaminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group bound to a nitrogen atom which is also bound to an alkyl group. The aminoalkyl group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group.

[0066] “Carboxyl” refers to a -COOH group.

[0067] “Carboxyalkyl” refers to a carboxyl group which is bound to one alkyl group. The carboxyalkyl group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group. This term includes, by way of example, -CH2- COOH, -CH2-CH2-COOH, and so forth.

[0068] “Amidoalkyl” refers to an amido group which is bound to one alkyl group. The amidoalkyl group is attached to the parent molecule through one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group. This terms includes, by way of example -CH2-CONH2, - CH2-CH2-CONH2, and so forth.

[0069] “Arylalkyl” refers to an aryl group in which an alkyl group is substituted for at least one of the aryl hydrogen atoms and the aryl group is attached to the parent molecule through an alkylene group. This term includes, by way of example, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, naphtha-1-yl-methyl, and so forth.

[0070] “Alkylaryl” refers to an alkyl group in which an aryl group is substituted for at least one of the alkyl hydrogen atoms and the alkyl group is attached to the parent molecule through an arylene group.

[0071] “Aryloxy” refers to an aryl group in which an oxygen is substituted for at least one of the aryl hydrogen atoms and the aryl group is attached to the parent molecule through the oxygen atom.

[0072] “Cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated carbocyclic ring having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl may optionally contain an additional N, O, or S ring atom. This term includes, by way of example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidyl, pyrroidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and so forth.

[0073] “Halide” refers to an iodide, bromide, chloride, or fluoride.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0074] “Heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic group of from 3 to 14 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur and includes single ring (e.g. imidazolyl) and multiple ring systems (e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl and benzimidazol-6-yl). For multiple ring systems, including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems having aromatic and non-aromatic rings, the term “heteroaryl” applies if there is at least one ring heteroatom and the point of attachment is at an atom of an aromatic ring (e.g.1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl and 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl). In some embodiments, the nitrogen and / or the sulfur ring atom(s) of the heteroaryl group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N oxide (N→O), sulfinyl, or sulfonyl moieties. This term includes, by way of example, pyridyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, isoxazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl, phthalazyl, naphthylpryidyl, benzofuranyl, tetrahydrobenzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, dihydroindolyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinolizyl, quianazolyl, quinoxalyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolinonyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzopyridazinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl, and phthalimidyl.

[0075] “Heteroarylalkyl” refers to a heteroaryl group in which an alkyl group is substituted for at least one of the heteroaryl hydrogen atoms and the heteroaryl group is attached to the parent molecule through an alkylene group.

[0076] “Alkylheteroaryl” refers to an alkyl group in which a heteroaryl group is substituted for at least one of the alkyl hydrogen atoms and the alkyl group is attached to the parent molecule through a heteroarylene group.

[0077] “Heteroaryloxy” refers to a heteroaryl group in which an oxygen is substituted for at least one of the heteroaryl hydrogen atoms and the heteroaryl group is attached to the parent molecule through the oxygen atom.

[0078] “Heterocyclic” or “heterocycle” or “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated cyclic group having from 3 to 14 carbon atoms and from 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen and includes single ring and multiple ring systems including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems. For multiple ring systems having aromatic and / or non-aromatic rings,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) the terms “heterocyclic”, “heterocycle”, “heterocycloalkyl”, or “heterocyclyl” apply when there is at least one ring heteroatom and the point of attachment is at an atom of a non-aromatic ring (e.g. decahydroquinolin-6-yl). In some embodiments, the nitrogen and / or sulfur atom(s) of the heterocyclic group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N oxide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl moieties. This term includes, by way of example, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidin-3-yl, piperazinyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidon-1-yl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, imidazolidinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.

[0079] “Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups wherein the hydroxyl group is attached to a parent molecule through the alkyl group. The term includes, by way of example, hydroxymethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, and so forth.

[0080] It should be understood that the aforementioned definitions encompass unsubstituted groups, as well as groups substituted with one or more other functional groups as is known in the art. For example, an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group may be substituted with from 1 to 8, in some embodiments from 1 to 5, in some embodiments from 1 to 3, and in some embodiments, from 1 to 2 substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, quaternary amino, amide, imino, amidino, aminocarbonylamino, amidinocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, azido, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylthio, guanidino, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxyamino, hydrazino, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylthio, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylthio, nitro, oxo, thione, phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiocyanate, thiol, alkylthio, etc., as well as combinations of such substituents.

[0081] For instance, the compound of formula (IA) may comprise the compound of following chemical structure, or its salt:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) .

[0082] In anotherof formula (IA) may comprise the compound of following chemical structure, or its salt: .

[0083] In onedisclosed herein may comprise an aminohydroxamic acid, salt, tautomer, or derivative thereof, having the general Formula IB: NH2O (IB), wherein R2group.

[0084] In yet another embodiment, for instance, the composition disclosed herein may comprise an aminohydroxamic acid, salt, tautomer, or derivative thereof, having the general Formula IC: (IC),wherein R3 a group, or a group.

[0085] For instance, the compound of formula (IC) may comprise the compound of following chemical structure, or its salt:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0086] In onea hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof such as caprylhydroxamic acid. The at least further compound can also comprise other amino acid derivatives such as an alkyl carboxylic acid amino acid derivative. For instance, the at least further compound can comprise ethyl lauroyl arginate. In still another aspect, a hydroxamic acid can be used that is not an amino acid derivative. For instance, in one embodiment, the further compound can comprise benzohydroxamic acid. For instance, when combined with a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure, the combination of the metal salt and benzohydroxamic acid has demonstrated synergy against at least Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

[0087] In one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to a hydroxamic acid or salt thereof can be from about 1:500 to about 500:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 20:1, such as from about 1:80 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:32 to about 1:1.

[0088] Instead of an amino acid or amino acid derivative, such as an aminohydroxamic acid, the at least further compound can comprise an alkylene glycol ester.

[0089] Alkylene glycol esters useable in the present disclosure may be formed from saturated, unsaturated, natural or synthetic fatty acids, and the like. For instance, saturated fatty acids include caprylic acid, capric acid, hexanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, nonanoic acid, combinations thereof, derivatives thereof, and the like. Fatty acids having a carbon chain length of from about 5 carbon atoms to about 16 carbon atoms are well suited for use in forming the alkylene glycol ester. The alkylene glycol ester can be formed from any suitable alkylene, such as ethylene or propylene. The alkylene glycol ester can comprise a monoester or a diester. In one aspect, a mixture of monoesters, a mixture of diesters, or a mixture of monoesters and diesters may be incorporatedAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) into the composition of the present invention. In one aspect, at least one monoester is utilized and comprises the majority of the alkylene glycol ester present.

[0090] In some embodiments, the alkylene glycol ester(s) is derived from (a) a propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol component, and (b) a fatty acid having from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, and mixtures of the like. For example, propylene glycol C6-C12 fatty acid monoesters or diesters may be used. Propylene glycol C6-C14 fatty acid monoesters or diesters may also be used.

[0091] Suitable examples of alkylene glycol esters, include but are not limited to, propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol laurate, propylene glycol myristate, propylene glycol oleate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol monocaprate, propylene glycol monocaprylate, propylene glycol monocaproate, propylene glycol diperlargonate, propylene glycol diisostearate, propylene glycol dilaurate, propylene glycol monopalmitate, propylene glycol monostearate, propanediol caprylate, ethylene glycol isostearate, ethylene glycol laurate, ethylene glycol myristate, ethylene glycol oleate, ethylene glycol monolaurate, ethylene glycol monocaprate, ethylene glycol monocaprylate, ethylene glycol monocaproate, ethylene glycol diperlargonate, ethylene glycol diisostearate, ethylene glycol dilaurate, ethylene glycol monopalmitate, ethylene glycol monostearate, or mixtures thereof, other complexes or derivatives thereof, and the like.

[0092] A suitable example of an alkylene glycol diester is propylene glycol dicaprylate.

[0093] In one embodiment, the alkylene glycol ester is primarily propylene glycol monocaprylate. The propylene glycol monocaprylate can include a mixture of propylene glycol monoesters and diesters. For example, the propylene glycol monocaprylate may contain 2-hydroxylpropyl caprylate (e.g. at least 40 wt.-%), octanoic acid-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl ester (e.g.23 to 33 wt.-%), and 1,2- propylene glycol dicaprylate (e.g.5 to 28 wt.-%).

[0094] Alternatively, the alkylene glycol ester can comprise ethylene glycol, monoesters, diesters, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the alkylene glycol ester can comprise ethylene glycol monocaprylate.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0095] When combined with a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure, the alkylene glycol ester and metal salt blend has demonstrated synergy at least against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the alkylene glycol ester can be from about 1:200 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:100 to about 25:1, such as from about 1:40 to about 13:1.

[0096] In addition to alkylene glycol esters, the at least further compound can comprise various other esters including alkyl glyceryl esters. Alkyl glyceryl esters are compounds formed when glycerol is esterified with fatty acids. Examples of alkyl glyceryl esters include glyceryl stearate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl caprylate, or mixtures thereof. Alkyl glyceryl esters can also serve as emulsifiers, moisturizers, and surfactants.

[0097] The combination of a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure and an alkyl glyceryl ester has demonstrated synergy at least against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureaus. In one aspect, the amount of metal salt in relation to the alkyl glyceryl ester can be from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:400 to about 40:1, such as from about 1:320 to about 32:1.

[0098] Other esters that can serve as the at least further compound include parabens, ethyl laurylarginate, chlorphenesin, sorbitan caprolate, polyarginine, butyl levulinate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, glyceryl caprylate, sorbitan caprylate, glyceryl heptanoate, glyceryl undecylenate, or mixtures thereof.

[0099] In one aspect, the at least one further compound can comprise butyl levulinate. When combined with a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure, the combination of the metal salt and the butyl levulinate can display synergy against at least Candida albicans. In one aspect, the ratio of the metal salt to the butyl levulinate can be from about 1:200 to about 1:5, such as from about 1:100 to about 1:10, such as from about 1:64 to about 1:1.

[0100] In another aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an alkyl glyceryl ether. An alkyl glyceryl ether is formed by reacting glycerol with fatty alcohols. Examples of alkyl glyceryl ethers include lauryl glycerylether, cetyl glycerylether, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl glyceryl ethers can also serve as stabilizers and emollients.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0101] The at least further compound can also comprise an amine ester, an aldehyde, or a guanidine. Examples of amine esters include capryloyl glycine, undecylenoyl glycine, or mixtures thereof. An example of an aldehyde that may be used in the composition is hydroxybenzaldehyde. Examples guanidines that can be used in the composition include a biguanide and / or its substitution products, salts, analogs, derivatives, and / or combinations thereof, including polyhexamethylene biguanide and / or chlorhexidine.

[0102] In another aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a ketone. Ketones can serve as solvents and can also serve as fragrances. Ketones that can be added to the composition include hydroxyacetophenone including 4- hydroxyacetophenone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, and / or 2-hydroxyacetophenone, raspberry ketone, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, methy ethyl ketone, hydroxyethoxyphenyl butanone, p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, muscone, camphor, or mixtures thereof.

[0103] When a ketone, such as a hydroxyacetophenone is combined with a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure, the combination can display synergy against at least Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In one aspect, metal salt can be present in relation to a ketone, such as hydroxyacetophenone at a weight ratio of from about 1:200 to about 30:1, such as at a ratio of from about 1:50 to about 10:1, such as at a ratio of from about 1:16 to about 1:2.

[0104] In yet another aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an organic acid or salt thereof. The organic acid, for instance, can comprise lactic acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, levulinic acid, anisic acid, kojic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, phytic acid, gluconic acid, gluconolactic acid, hyaluronic acid, undecylenic acid, formic acid, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term “organic acid” refers to an organic compound with acidic properties and includes dehydroacetic acid. Salts of organic acids include, for instance, metal salts, such as alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of benzoic acid. Such salts can include, for instance, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and the like.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0105] When a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with at least one organic acid, the combination can display synergy against at least Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. When the metal salt is combined with lactic acid, for instance, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the lactic acid can be from about 1:100 to about 200:1, such as from about 1:20 to about 100:1, such as from about 1:4 to about 64:1. When the metal salt is combined with citric acid, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the citric acid can be from about 1:50 to about 2:1, such as from about 1:25 to about 1:1, such as from about 1:4 to about 1:2. When the metal salt is combined with levulinic acid, in one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the levulinic acid can be from about 1:500 to about 10:1, such as from about 1:400 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:320 to about 3:1. When the metal salt is combined with dehydroacetic acid, in one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the dehydroacetic acid can be from about 1:100 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:50 to about 35:1, such as from about 1:28 to about 16:1. When the metal salt is combined with a salicylic acid or salt thereof, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the salicylic acid or salt thereof can be from about 1:200 to about 2:1, such as from about 1:80 to about 1:1, such as from about 1:32 to about 1:2. When the metal salt is combined with sodium benzoate, in one aspect, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the sodium benzoate can be from about 1:300 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:250 to about 35:1, such as from about 1:16 to about 25:1. When the metal salt is combined with potassium sorbate in accordance with the present disclosure, the weight ratio, in one aspect, of the metal salt to the potassium sorbate can be from about 1:200 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:100 to about 35:1, such as from about 1:64 to about 16:1.

[0106] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an alcohol, such as an aromatic alcohol. The alcohol, for instance, can contain a phenol group attached to a carbon chain having a carbon chain length of from about 2 carbon atoms to about 20 carbon atoms, such as from about 6 carbon atoms to about 15 carbon atoms. The carbon chain attached to the phenol group can be linear or branched. Examples of alcohols that can be contained in the composition include phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylpropanol, phenethyl alcohol, ethanol,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) isopropyl alcohol, cymenol, maltol, O-cymen-5-ol, hydroxytyrosol, or mixtures thereof.

[0107] When combined with a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure, various alcohols have shown synergy with the metal salt at least against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In one aspect, the metal salt is combined with phenoxyethanol at a weight ratio of the metal salt to the phenoxyethanol of from about 1:100 to about 30:1, such as from about 1:50 to about 10:1, such as from about 1:16 to about 2:1. When combined with benzyl alcohol, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the benzyl alcohol can be from about 1:100 to about 2:1, such as from about 1:60 to about 1:1, such as from about 1:20 to about 1:5.

[0108] In yet another embodiment, the at least further compound can comprise an alkylene glycol. Alkylene glycols are a group of organic compounds made up of alkaline groups bonded to hydroxyl groups. Alkylene glycols also serve as humectants, solvents, and viscosity stabilizers. Examples of alkylene glycols include propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, hexanediol, heptanediol, caprylyl glycol, nonaediol, decanediol, ethylhexyl glycerine, methylheptyl glycerine, glycerine, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] When a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with an alkylene glycol, the resulting blend has shown synergy at least against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The metal salt can be present with the alkylene glycol at a weight ratio of from about 500:1 to about 1:50. For instance, when a metal salt is combined with caprylyl glycol, the metal salt can be present in relation to the caprylyl glycol at a weight ratio of from about 1:50 to about 10:1, such as from about 1:20 to about 1:1, such as from about 1:2 to about 10:1. When the metal salt is combined with ethylhexyl glycerine, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the ethylhexyl glycerine can be from about 1:200 to about 2:1, such as from about 1:80 to about 1:1, such as from about 1:32 to about 1:2. When the metal salt is combined with methylheptyl glycerine, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the methylheptyl glycerine, in one aspect, can be from about 1:500 to about 25:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 10:1, such as from about 1:128 to about 1:1.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0110] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a chelating agent. Chelating agents are capable of binding to metal ions. Examples of chelating agents that can be present in the composition include gluconate, a 2- substituted pyridine-N-oxide, glycine, a yeast ferment, a peptide, citric acid, glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA), phytic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, EDS, or mixtures thereof.

[0111] In one aspect, the chelating agent is a pyrithione, which is known by several names including 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide; 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (CAS Registry No.1121-31 -9); 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione and 1 hydroxy-2(1H)- pyridinethione (CAS Registry No.1121-30-8); 2-pyridinol-1-oxide (HPNO) and N- hydroxy-6-octyloxypyridine 2(1H)-one and -hydroxy-6-octyloxypyridine 2(1H)-one ethanolamine salt.

[0112] The combination of a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure and a chelating agent has been found to be particularly effective against many organisms. For instance, the blend has shown synergy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In one aspect, when the metal salt is combined with HPNO, the weight ratio of the metal salt to HPNO can be from about 1:200 to about 400:1, such as from about 1:50 to about 200:1, such as from about 1:25 to about 160:1.

[0113] The pyrithione can be present in a water insoluble form or in a water soluble form. The pyrithione may comprise sodium pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, barium pyrithione, strontium pyrithione, copper pyrithione, cadmium pyrithione, and / or zirconium pyrithione. Other pyrithiones that may be present in the composition include sodium pyrithione, bismuth pyrithione, potassium pyrithione, lithium pyrithione, ammonium pyrithione, calcium pyrithione, magnesium pyrithione, silver pyrithione, gold pyrithione, manganese pyrithione, and / or an organic amine pyrithione.

[0114] The pyrithione particles can have a particle size such that 100% of the particles have a particle size of less than about 10 microns and at least 70% of the particles have a particle size less than 5 microns, such as at least about 50% of the particles can have a particle size of 1 micron or less. Particle size can be measured using a laser scattering particle size analyzer, such as a HORIBA LA 910 particle size analyzer.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0115] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a halogen containing compound such as chlorphenesin, octenidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine, bronopol, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), or mixtures thereof.

[0116] When a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with a halogen-containing compound, such as IPBC, the combination can display synergy against various microorganisms including Escherichia coli. In one aspect, when the metal salt is combined with IPBC, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the IPBC can be from about 1:20 to about 2,000:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 1,200:1, such as from about 3:1 to about 800:1.

[0117] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a diol such as 1,2 pentanediol, 1,2 hexanediol, 1,2 heptanediol, 1,3 butanediol, or mixtures thereof.

[0118] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a glucamide such as capryloyl anhydro methyl glucamide.

[0119] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an aldehyde such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

[0120] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise piroctone olamine.

[0121] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a fermentation product such as a Lactobacillus ferment, a Leuconostoc ferment filtrate, or mixtures thereof.

[0122] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a natural extract such as cocos nucifera (Coconut) fruit extract, magnolia officinalis bark, or mixtures thereof.

[0123] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise benzoin.

[0124] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a polypeptide such as polylysine.

[0125] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise an isothiazolinone such as 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3- one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, n-butyl-1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, or mixtures thereof.

[0126] It was discovered that combining a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure with an isothiazolinone can display synergy against manyAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) different microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. When a metal salt is combined with an isothiazolinone, such as CMIT / MIT or BIT, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the isothiazolinone can be from about 1:20 to about 15,000:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 10,000:1, such as from about 10:1 to about 15,000:1, such as from about 80:1 to about 12,000:1, such as from about 182:1 to about 10,500:1, such as from about 3:1 to about 6,500:1.

[0127] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a formaldehyde donor such as dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH), oxazolidine, sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate, 2,2',2-(hexahydro-1,3-5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl- )triethanol (HHT), (ethylenedioxy)dimethanol (EDDM), or salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

[0128] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a quaternary ammonium compound.  The quaternary ammonium compound can have the following general formula: [R1R2R3R4N+]rYr-wherein R1is an optionally substituted benzyl group or an optionally substitutedalkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R2and R3are independently optionallysubstituted alkyl groups; R4is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group, benzyl group, and –[(CH2)2-O]n-R5, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20 and R5is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, phenyl, and alkyl-substituted phenyl groups; Y- is achlorine ion, bromine ion, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, carboxylate, saccharinate, ethosulfate, sulfate, sulfonate, or nitrate; and r is 1, 2 or 3.

[0129] In one embodiment, the quaternary ammonium compound may comprise a dialkyl ammonium compound, such as a dimethyl dialkyl ammonium compound. In one embodiment, the dimethyl dialkyl ammonium compound may have between about 8 and about 12 carbon atoms, such as from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl groups.

[0130] Examples of dimethyl dialkyl ammonium compounds which may be used include dimethyl dioctyl ammonium compounds such as dimethyl dioctyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl didecyl ammonium compounds such as dimethyl didecyl ammonium chloride and the like. Mixtures of dimethyl dialkyl ammoniumAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) compounds may also be used and other anions, such as those described above may also be used.

[0131] The quaternary ammonium compound may comprise a benzyl ammonium compound, such as an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compound. In general, the alkyl group may contain from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, such as from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms.

[0132] Examples of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compounds include C12 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, C14 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and C16 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. In addition, a mixture of these alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compounds can be used. The alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compounds can be blends of C12, C14, and C16 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides. Generally, it is preferable that the alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compound, when a blend, contains higher concentrations of C12 alkyl and C14 alkyl components than C16 alkyl components. It is noted that other anions, including those mentioned above, may also be used.

[0133] In still another embodiment, the quaternary ammonium compound may comprise a quaternary ammonium propionate. The quaternary ammonium propionate, for instance, may comprise a poly(oxyalkyl)ammonium propionate. In one particular embodiment, for instance, the at least further compound may comprise N,N-didecyl-N-methyl- poly(oxyethyl)ammonium propionate.

[0134] In one aspect, the at least further compound(s) comprises a carbonate / bicarbonate salt of a quaternary ammonium cation. For example, the at least further compound contained in the composition can comprise a di C8-C12alkyl ammonium carbonate / bicarbonate. In one particular embodiment, the composition contains didecyl dimethyl ammonium carbonate and / or didecyl dimethyl ammonium bicarbonate.

[0135] In other embodiments, however, the carbonate / bicarbonate salts of quaternary ammonium cations may be selected from dioctyldimethylammonium carbonate, decyloctyldimethylammonium carbonate, benzalkonium carbonate, benzethonium carbonate, stearalkonium carbonate, cetrimonium carbonate, behentrimonium carbonate, dioctyldimethylammonium bicarbonate, decyloctyldimethylammonium bicarbonate, benzalkonium bicarbonate,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) benzethonium bicarbonate, stearalkonium bicarbonate, cetrimonium bicarbonate, behentrimonium bicarbonate, and mixtures of one or more such carbonate salts.

[0136] In another aspect, the quaternary ammonium compound can comprise an alkyl trimethyl ammonium compound, such as an alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The alkyl group, for instance, can have a carbon chain length of from about 8 carbon atoms to about 20 carbon atoms. In one particular embodiment, the quaternary ammonium compound can be a trimethyl hexadecyl ammonium ion, such as a trimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride. In still another aspect the quaternary ammonium compound comprises cetylpyridinium chloride.

[0137] When a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with one or more quaternary ammonium compounds, the resulting blend can display synergy against many microorganisms, including Candida albicans. When a metal compound is combined with a quaternary ammonium compound, such as a benzyl ammonium compound, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the quaternary ammonium compound can be from about 1:5 to about 500:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 200:1, such as from about 20:1 to about 160:1.

[0138] In one aspect, the at least further compound can comprise a paraben such as methyl parabens.

[0139] In another embodiment, the at least one further compound can comprise gluconolactone. It was discovered that the combination of a metal salt in accordance with the present disclosure and gluconolactone can display synergy against many microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, and Escherichia coli. In one embodiment, for exemplary purposes only, the metal salt can be present in conjunction with the gluconolactone at a weight ratio of from about 1:200 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:80 to about 35:1, such as from about 1:32 to about 16:1.

[0140] In still another embodiment, the metal salt can be combined with metipirox. The combination of a metal salt and metipirox displayed synergy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In one aspect, the metal salt can be present in conjunction with the metipirox at a weight ratio of from about 1:100 to about 3,000:1, such as from about 1:20 to about 2,000:1, such as from about 1:4 to about 1,250:1.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0141] In yet another embodiment, the metal salt of the present disclosure can be combined with an amine oxide. The amine oxide can serve as a surfactant and can comprise, for instance, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide. An amine oxide and a metal salt have displayed synergy against various microorganisms including Candida albicans. In one embodiment, the metal salt can be combined with an amine oxide surfactant such that the weight ratio of the metal salt to the amine oxide is from about 1:2 to about 200:1, such as from about 2:1 to about 100:1, such as from about 5:1 to about 40:1.

[0142] In another aspect, the metal salt of the present disclosure can be combined with a phytate, such as sodium phytate. When the metal salt is combined with sodium phytate, synergy has been displayed against multiple microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, and Escherichia coli. In one aspect, the metal salt can be combined with a phytate, such as sodium phytate, at a weight ratio of from about 1:100 to about 30:1, such as from about 1:50 to about 10:1, such as from about 1:16 to about 2:1.

[0143] In still another embodiment as demonstrated in the examples below, the metal salt of the present disclosure can be combined with resorcinol monoacetate. The combination of a metal salt and resorcinol monoacetate, for instance, can display synergy against various microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureaus. In one particular embodiment, a metal salt can be combined with resorcinol monoacetate at a weight ratio of the metal salt to the resorcinol monoacetate of from about 1:200 to about 20:1, such as from about 1:100 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:64 to about 1:1.

[0144] In accordance with the present disclosure, the composition contains the metal or metal salt in combination with the one or more further compounds in a synergistically effective amount. As used herein, a synergistic interaction or a synergistic effective amount refers to the fact that the compounds when combined have a total antimicrobial or antifungal effect that is greater than the antimicrobial or antifungal properties of the components or compounds alone. Due to the synergistic effect, the amount of the metal or metal compound present in the composition can be reduced while producing the desired efficacy.

[0145] The relative amounts of the different components can vary depending upon the particular application including the end use formulation to which theAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) composition is to be added. In some embodiments, the metal salt can be present in the composition in amounts greater than the one or more further compounds. Alternatively, the one or more further compounds can be present in an amount greater than the one or more metal salts. The weight ratio between the metal salt and the at least further compound can be from about 1:5,000 to about 15,000:1, such as from about 1:5,000 to about 10,000:1, such as from about 1:5,000 to about 8,000:1, such as from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 2:1. from about 1:5,000 to about 5,000:1. For instance, the weight ratio of the metal salt to the at least further compound can be from about 1:4,000 to about 500:1, such as from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 20:1.

[0146] For exemplary purposes, the following are various compositions made in accordance with the present disclosure. pH Metal Salt Conc. First Further Conc. Second Further Conc (ppm) Compound (ppm) Compound (ppm)Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0147] The composition disclosed herein may be formulated in the form of a concentrate. As used herein, “concentrate” or “composition” refers to a composition which is to be added to an end-use formulation in specific amounts. As such, in the concentrate, the amount of the components will be higher than typical final use amounts.

[0148] The concentrate of the present disclosure can contain various other components in addition to the metal and metal salt and the one or more further compounds. For instance, the concentrate may contain a carrier that is compatible with the end use formulations. Exemplary carriers include, for example, an aqueous solvent such as water, or other solvents acceptable for end-use formulations and uses of these formulations. Generally, the solvent can be a water-miscible solvent, such as an alcohol and / or a glycol ether. Examples of water-miscible solvents include ethanol, propanol, benzyl alcohol, isopropanol, diethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether and combinations thereof.

[0149] In addition to a carrier or solvent, the composition of the present disclosure or concentrate may contain a surfactant, a complexing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, an alkalinity builder, a pH adjusting agent, an auxiliary, an acid, a foaming agent, a perfume, a colorant, a humectant, an emulsifier, a thickener, an antioxidant, a UV blocking agent, a wax, a natural extract, an oil, or mixtures thereof.

[0150] Typically, the concentrate can be added to end-use formulations in an amount necessary to achieve the desired preservation performance in the final end-use formulation.

[0151] Advantageously, the composition disclosed herein may protect against a large spectrum of microbes. Various different microorganisms may be killed and / or controlled in accordance with the present disclosure. For instance, the compositionAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) of the present disclosure can control gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and the like. In addition to bacteria, the composition of the present disclosure can also kill and / or control the growth of various other microorganisms, such as fungi, yeast, mold, and the like. Examples of particular microorganisms that may be killed and / or controlled in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, Pluralibacter gergoviae, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsella pneumonia, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Microbacterium paraoxydans, Citrobacter werkmanii, Acinetobacter spp., Aspergillus brasiliensis, Penicillium spp., Candida albicans, or mixtures thereof.

[0152] In one particular embodiment, the microorganism comprises a gram positive bacteria. In another particular embodiment, the microorganism comprises a gram negative bacteria.

[0153] The composition of the present disclosure, for instance, can exhibit at least a 1 log reduction, such as a 2 log reduction, such as a 3 log reduction, such as a 4 log reduction, such as even a 5 log reduction against any of the microorganisms identified above when tested according to ISO Test 11930 preservation efficacy testing methodology after a contact time of 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, or 8 days. The microorganism can be a bacteria, a virus, a fungi, mold, or the like. In one aspect, the mold may be Aspergillus brasiliensis or Penicillium spp. In another aspect, the yeast may be Candida albicans.

[0154] In general, the preservation composition of the present disclosure can be incorporated into many different end-use formulations or products. As used herein, “end-use formulations” or “end use products” is intended to mean personal care or home care products or an industrial product.

[0155] The personal care or home care product formulation generally comprises a base composition to which the preservation composition of the present disclosure is added. The base composition may contain numerous and different ingredients depending upon the end use application. The personal care or home care product formulation, for instance, may contain other solvents, surfactants, emulsifiers, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, alkalinity builders,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) pH adjusting agents, auxiliaries, acids, foaming agents, colorants, UV blocking agents, waxes, natural extracts, oils, consistency factors, conditioners, emollients, skin caring ingredients, moisturizers, thickeners, humectants, fillers, antioxidants, antimicrobials, active ingredients, in particular dermatologically active ingredients, fragrances and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. Active ingredients as mentioned herein comprise, for example, anti-inflammatories, anti-bacterials, anti- fungals and the like agents. Active ingredients suited for topical applications are particularly preferred.

[0156] Suitable surfactants for the base composition comprise: alkyl sulfates e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate; sodium cetearyl sulfate; alkyl sulfoacetates e.g. sodium lauryl sulfoacetate; alkyl ether sulfates e.g. sodium laureth sulfate; sodium trideceth sulfate; sodium oleth sulfate; ammonium laureth sulfate; alkyl ether sulfosuccinates e.g. disodium laureth sulfosuccinate; alkyl glycosides e.g. decyl glucoside; lauryl glucoside; alkyl isethionates amphoterics e.g. cocamidopropyl betaine; sodium cocoamphoacetate; sodium lauroamphoacetate; disodium lauroamphodiacetate; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; sodium lauroamphopripionate; disodium lauroamphodipropionate; potassium or ammonium salts of the aforementioned amphoterics; capryl / capramidopropyl betaine; undecylenamidopropyl betaine; lauromidopropyl betaine; and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers.

[0157] Suitable emulsifiers for the base composition are e.g. anionics as salts of fatty acids e.g. sodium stearate or sodium palmitate, organic soaps e.g. mono-, di- or triethanolaminoeate, sulfated or sulfonated compounds e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium cetyl sulfonate, saponines, lamepones; cationics as quaternary ammonium salts; nonionics as fatty alcohols, fatty acid ester with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, polyoxyethylenesters or polyoxyethylenethers of fatty acids, polymers from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or propylene glycol, amphotherics as phosphatides, proteins as gelatine, casein alkylamidobetaines, alkyl betaines and amphoglycinates, alkyl phosphates, alkylpolyoxyethylene phosphates or the corresponding acids, silicone derivatives, e.g. alkyl dimethiconecoplyol.

[0158] Suitable consistency factors for the base composition are e.g. fatty alcohols or their mixtures with fatty acid esters, e.g. acetylated lanolin alcohol,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) aluminum stearates, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl stearate (and) PEG 100 stearate, magnesium stearate, magnesium sulfate, oleic acid, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, carnuba wax, beeswax and synthetic equivalents thereof, carbomers, and the like. Suitable conditioners are e.g. alkylamido ammonium lactate, cetrimonium chloride and distearoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate and cetearyl alcohol, cetyl dimethicone, cetyl ricinoleate, dimethicone, laureth-23, laureth-4, polydecene, retinyl palmitate, quaternized protein hydrolysates, quaternized cellulose and starch derivatives, quaternized copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or salts, quaternized silicone derivatives.

[0159] Suitable emollients for the base composition are e.g. cetearyl isononanoate, cetearyl octanoate, decyl oleate, isooctyl stearate, coco caprylate / caprate, ethylhexyl hydroxystearate, ethylhexyl isononanoate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl myristate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, paraffinum liquidum, PEG-75 lanolin, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, petrolatum, ozokerite cyclomethicone, dimethicone, dimethicone copolyol, dicaprylyl ether, butyrospermum parkii, buxus chinensis, canola, carnauba cera, copernicia cerifera, oenothera biennis, elaeis guineensis, prunus dulcis, squalane, zea mays, glycine soja, helianthus annuus, lanolin, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated polyisobutene, sucrose cocoate, stearoxy dimethicone, lanolin alcohol, isohexadecane.

[0160] Suitable skin care ingredients for the base composition are e.g. plant extracts, bisabolol, anti-inflammatory agents, urea, allantoin, panthenol and panthenol derivatives, phytantriol, vitamins A, E, C, D, ceramides of animal or plant origin, lecithins, and the like.

[0161] Suitable moisturizers for the base composition are e.g. butylenes glycol, cetyl alcohol, dimethicone, dimyristyl tartrate, glucose glycereth-26, glycerin, glyceryl stearate, hydrolyzed milk protein, lactic acid, lactose and other sugars, laureth-8, lecithin, octoxyglycerin, PEG-12, PEG 135, PEG-150, PEG-20, PEG-8, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, phytantriol, poly quaternium-39 PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, propylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate, sodium lactate, sodium PCA, sorbitol, succinoglycan, synthetic beeswax, tri-C14-15 alkyl citrate, starch.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0162] Suitable thickeners for the base composition are e.g. acrylates / steareth- 20 methacrylate copolymer, carbomer, carboxymethyl starch, cera alba, dimethicone / vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, propylene glycol alginate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, silica, silica dimethyl silylate, xanthan gum, hydrogenated butylenes / ethylene / styrene copolymer.

[0163] Suitable humectants for the base composition are e.g. adipic acid, fumaric acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts, glycerine triacetate, sodium or magnesium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylenglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, boric acid, mono-laurate or mono-palmitate, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetylstearyl alcohol, talcum, calcium or magnesium salts of higher fatty acids, mono-, di- or triglycerides of higher fatty acids, polytetrafluorethylene.

[0164] Suitable antioxidants for the base composition are e.g. sulfites, e.g. sodium sulfite, tocopherol or derivates thereof, ascorbic acid or derivates thereof, citric acid, propyl gallate, chitosan glycolate, cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine plus zinc sulfate, thiosulfates, e.g. sodium thiosulfate, polyphenols and the like.

[0165] The formulations may further contain active ingredients, e.g. antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, plant extracts, bisabolol, panthenol, tocopherol, actives for anti-stinging, anti-irritant or anti-dandruff applications, or anti-aging agents such as retinol, melibiose and the like. Other suitable actives are e.g. Medicago officinalis, Actinidia chinensis, allantoin, Aloe barbadensis, Anona cherimolia, Anthemis nobilis, Arachis hypogaea, Arnica Montana, Avena sativa, beta-carotene, bisabolol, Borago officinalis, butylenes glycol, Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis, camphor, Candida bombicola, capryloyl glycine, Carica papaya, Centaurea cyanus, cetylpyridinium chloride, Chamomilla recutita, Chenopodium quinoa, Chinchona succirubra, Chondrus crispus, Citrus aurantium dulcis, Citrus grandis, Citrus limonum, Cocos nucifera, Coffea Arabica, Crataegus monogina, Cucumis melo, dichlorophenyl imidazoldioxolan, Enteromorpha compressa, Equisetum arvense, ethoxydiglycol, ethyl panthenol, farnesol, ferulic acid, Fragaria chiloensis, Gentiana lutea, Ginkgo biloba, glycerin, glyceryl laurate, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hamamelis virginiana, heliotropine, hydrogenated palm glycerides, citrates, hydrolyzed castor oil, hydrolyzed wheat protein, Hypericum perforatum, Iris florentina, Juniperus communis, Lactis proteinum, lactose, Lawsonia inermis, linalool, Linum usitatissimum, lysine, magnesium aspartate, Magnifera indica,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Malva sylvestris, mannitol, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, menthol, menthyl lactate, Mimosa tenuiflora, Nymphaea alba, olaflur, Oryza sativa, panthenol, paraffinum liquidum, PEG-20M, PEG-26 jojoba acid, PEG-26 jojoba alcohol, PEG-35 castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-8 caprylic / capric acid, Persea gratissima, petrolatum, potassium aspartate, potassium sorbate, propylene glycol, Prunus amygdalus dulcis, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, retinyl palmitate, Ricinus communis, Rosa canina, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubus idaeus, salicylic acid, Sambucus nigra, sarcosine, Serenoa serrulata, Simmondsia chinensis, sodium carboxymethyl betaglucan, sodium cocoyl amino acids, sodium hyaluronate, sodium palmitoyl praline, stearoxytrimethylsilane, stearyl alcohol, sulfurized TEA- ricinoleate, talc, Thymus vulgaris, Tilia cordata, tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, trideceth-9, triticum vulgare, tyrosine, undecylenoyl glycine, urea, Vaccinium myrtillus, valine, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate.

[0166] The base composition of the personal care or home care product to which the preservation composition of the present disclosure is added can be various types of products.

[0167] For instance, personal care products may comprise color cosmetic products, deodorant products, hair care products, oral care products, skin care products, and bathing products. The personal care product formulation may comprise any product for topical application to a user’s skin or hair. When combined with the personal care product formulation to improve preservation performance, the composition of the present disclosure has effective broad spectrum preservation activity over a broad pH range. For instance, the pH of the composition and / or of the personal care product can be generally greater than about 2 and less than about 10, such as from about 3 to about 8, particularly from about 3 to about 6.

[0168] Color cosmetic products can include, but are not limited to, body color products, eye color cosmetics such as mascara, eyeliner, brow color, and eyeshadow, face color cosmetics such as blush, bronzer, concealer, foundations, powder, and primers, lip color cosmetics, such as lipsticks and lip balms, and nail color cosmetics.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0169] In one aspect, the eye color cosmetic is mascara. The mascara can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, consistency factors, pigments, emollients, thickeners, and film-forming agents. Particularly suitable consistency factors used in mascara include beeswax and carnuba wax. Particularly suitable emollients used in mascara include cetyl alcohol. Particularly suitable thickeners used in mascara include acacia senegal gum.

[0170] In another aspect, the eye color cosmetic is eyeliner. The eyeliner can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, pigments, film-forming agents, emollients, thickeners, binders, solvents, and opacifiers. Particularly suitable emollients used in eyeliner include glycerin. Particularly suitable thickeners used in eyeliner include xanthan gum. Particularly suitable solvents used in eyeliner include ethanol and particularly suitable opacifiers used in eyeliner include titanium dioxide.

[0171] In another embodiment, the lip color cosmetic is lip balm. The lip balm can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, emollients, moisturizers, occlusives, flavoring, fragrance, sunscreen ingredients, antioxidants, healing agents, and pigment. Particularly suitable emollients and moisturizers used in lip balm include beeswax, shea butter, cocoa butter, lanolin, coconut oil, and jojoba oil. Particularly suitable occlusives used in lip balm include petroleum jelly and castor seed oil. Particularly suitable antioxidants used in lip balm include vitamin E and aloe vera extract, while particularly suitable healing agents used in lip balm include allantoin and calendula extract.

[0172] In a particular embodiment, the personal care product is a deodorant. Deodorant products can include roll-on deodorant products, spray deodorant products, stick deodorant products, or wipe deodorant products. Although the ingredients in deodorant products can vary depending on whether the product is a stick product, a roll-on product, a gel product, a cream product, or a spray product, many of the ingredients remain consistent among all of the deodorant product formulations.

[0173] The deodorant product, for instance, can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, antiperspirant active ingredients, odor- fighting ingredients, emollients, moisturizers, thickeners, stabilizers, skin conditioners, antibacterial agents, solvents, and propellants. Particularly suitableAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) antiperspirant active ingredients used in deodorant products include aluminum compounds such as aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum tetrachlorohydrex glycine. Particularly suitable odor-fighting ingredients used in deodorant products include fragrance, sodium bicarbonate, and zinc compounds such as zinc ricinoleate. Particularly suitable emollients and moisturizers used in deodorant products include glycerin, shea butter, cocoa butter, and jojoba oil. Particularly suitable skin conditioners used in deodorant products include aloe vera and Vitamin E (e.g., tocopheryl acetate). Particularly suitable antibacterial agents used in deodorant products include triclosan and particularly suitable solvents used in deodorant products include propylene glycol. Particularly suitable emollients and moisturizers used in deodorant products includes glycerin, shea butter, cocoa butter, and jojoba oil.

[0174] Hair care products can include, but are not limited to, conditioner, shampoo, styling products, hair treatment products, and hair colorant.

[0175] In one aspect, the hair care product is conditioner. The conditioner can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, emollients, surfactants, silicones, natural oils, humectants, panthenol, fragrance, and pH adjusters. Particularly suitable emollients used in conditioners include cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. Particularly suitable surfactants used in conditioners include cationic surfactants such as cetrimonium chloride and behentrimonium chloride. Particularly suitable silicones used in conditioners include dimethicone and cyclomethicone. Particularly suitable natural oils used in conditioners include argan oil and coconut oil, and particularly suitable humectants used in conditions include glycerin. Particularly suitable pH adjusters used in conditioners include citric acid.

[0176] In another aspect, the hair care product is shampoo. The shampoo can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamide DEA or cocamide MEA, conditioning agents, fragrance, citric acid, sodium chloride, glycerol distearate, and natural extracts or oils. Particularly suitable surfactants used in shampoo include sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate. Particularly suitable conditioning agents used in shampoo include polyquaternium-10 and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. Particularly suitable natural extracts or oils used in shampoo include aloe vera and tea tree oil.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0177] Oral care products can include, but are not limited to, toothpaste and mouthwash.

[0178] In one aspect, the oral care product is toothpaste. The toothpaste can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, abrasive agents, fluoride, detergents, humectants, binding agents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, desensitizing agents, and whitening agents. Particularly suitable abrasive agents used in toothpaste include calcium carbonate and silica. Particularly suitable fluoride compounds used in toothpaste include sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate. Particularly suitable detergents used in toothpaste include sodium lauryl sulfate. Particularly suitable humectants used in toothpaste include glycerin and sorbital. Particularly suitable binding agents used in toothpaste include xanthan gum. Particularly suitable flavoring agents used in toothpaste include peppermint and spearmint. Particularly suitable sweeteners used in toothpaste include saccharin and sorbital. Particularly suitable desensitizing agents used in toothpaste include potassium nitrate and strontium chloride. Particularly suitable whitening agents used in toothpaste include hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate.

[0179] In another aspect, the oral care product is mouthwash. The mouthwash can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, alcohol, antibacterial agents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, colorants, pH adjusters, antimicrobials, fluoride, and desensitizing agents. Particularly suitable alcohol compounds used in mouthwash include ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Particularly suitable antimicrobial agents used in mouthwash include cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine. Particularly suitable flavoring agents used in mouthwash include menthol and eucalyptus. Particularly suitable sweeteners used in mouthwash include saccharin and xylitol. Particularly suitable pH adjusters used in mouthwash include sodium hydroxide and citric acid.

[0180] Skin care products include, but are not limited to, body care cosmetics, eye care cosmetics, face and neck care cosmetics, foot care cosmetics, lip care cosmetics, sunscreen, after sun cosmetics, and self-tanning cosmetics.

[0181] In one aspect, the skin care product is sunscreen. The sunscreen can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, active sun- protectant ingredients, emollients, emulsifiers, thickeners, antioxidants, fragrance,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) water, and pH adjusters. Particularly suitable active sun-protectant ingredients used in sunscreen include avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate, octinoxate, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. Particularly suitable emollients used in sunscreen include glycerin and caprylic / capric triglyceride. Particularly suitable emulsifiers used in sunscreen include cetearyl alcohol and polysorbate 60. Particularly suitable thickeners used in sunscreen include xanthan gum. Particularly suitable antioxidants used in sunscreen include Vitamin E and green tea extract. Particularly suitable pH adjusters used in sunscreen include citric acid. In one aspect, the concentrate and the final composition will have a pH in the range of from about 4 to about 12, such as from about 6 to about 11, such as from about 7 to about 10, or any range therebetween.

[0182] Bathing products include, but are not limited to, face cleansers, body cleansers, hand cleansers, soap bars, liquid soaps, intimate hygiene products, and pre-moistened wipes.

[0183] In one aspect, the bathing product is a face cleanser. The face cleanser can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, emollients, emulsifiers, humectants, antimicrobials, fragrance or essential oils, exfoliating agents, and anti-acne ingredients. Particularly suitable surfactants for the face cleanser include sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium cocoyl isethionate. Particularly suitable emollients for the face cleanser include glycerin and caprylic / capric triglyceride. Particularly suitable emulsifiers for the face cleanser include polysorbate 20. Particularly suitable humectants for the face cleanser include propylene glycol. Particularly suitable exfoliating agents for the face cleanser include salicylic acid and glycolic acid. Particularly suitable anti-acne ingredients for the face cleanser include benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid.

[0184] In another aspect, the bathing product is a body cleanser. The body cleanser can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, emollients, humectants, and fragrance or essential oils. Particularly suitable surfactants for the body cleanser include sodium laureth sulfate or cocamidopropyl betaine. Particularly suitable emollients for the body cleanser include shea butter and jojoba oil. Particularly suitable humectants for the body cleanser include glycerin.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0185] In yet another aspect, the bathing product is a hand cleanser. The hand cleanser may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, alcohol compounds, water, emollients and humectants, thickeners, and fragrance. Particularly suitable alcohol compounds used in the hand cleanser include ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Particularly suitable emollients and humectants used in the hand cleanser include aloe vera and glycerin. Particularly suitable thickeners used in the hand cleanser include carbomer.

[0186] In another aspect, the bathing product is a soap bar. The soap bar may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, sodium tallowate or sodium palmate, sodium cocoate, fragrance or essential oils, and colorants.

[0187] In one aspect, the bathing product is a liquid soap. The liquid soap may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, emollients, humectants, and fragrances or essential oils. Particularly suitable surfactants used in liquid soap include sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. Particularly suitable emollients used in liquid soap include glycerin and shea butter. Particularly suitable humectants used in liquid soap include propylene glycol.

[0188] The preservation composition may also be incorporated into home care products as well, such as fabric care products, dish wash liquid, hard surface cleaners, and toilet care products. The home care product formulation may comprise all purpose cleaners and other similar formulations that are used around the home.

[0189] Fabric care products include, but are not limited to, fabric conditioner, laundry detergent liquid, laundry detergent pods or capsules, ironing aids, stain removal liquids, carpet cleaners, washing machine cleaning solution, and fabric brightening solutions.

[0190] In one aspect, the fabric care product is a laundry detergent. Although the ingredients in laundry detergents can vary depending on whether the product is a liquid, pod, or capsule, many of the ingredients remain consistent among all of the laundry detergent product formulations.

[0191] Therefore, in another embodiment, the laundry detergent can contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, surfactants, enzymes, dyes, hueing dyes, chelants, stabilizers, radical scavengers, perfumes, fluorescentAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) whitening agents, suds-supressors, soil-suspension polymers, soil release polymers, dye-transfer inhibitors, fabric softening additives, rheology modifiers, washing or cleaning adjuvants, and other polymers.

[0192] Particularly suitable surfactants used in laundry detergents include nonionic surfactants, such as alkoxylate fatty alcohol nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, such as beta-n-alkylaminopropionic acids, n-alkyl-beta- iminodipropionic acids, imidazoline carboxylates, amine oxides, sultaines, betaines, phosphocholines, proprionates, di-propionates, sodium cocamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, 3-[(3- Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPtdCho), sodium lauroamphocetate, or any combination of the foregoing.

[0193] Particularly suitable enzymes used in laundry detergents include proteases, amylases, cellulose enzymes, lipases, mannanases, pectate lyases, subtilisin, and mixtures thereof.

[0194] Particularly suitable hueing dyes used in laundry detergents include Basic Violet 3 (Cl 42555) and Basic Violet 4 (Cl 426000), both commercially available from Standard Dyes.

[0195] Particularly suitable chelants used in laundry detergents include DTPA, HEDP, DTPMP, a citrate, EDTA, IDS, dipicolinic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0196] Particularly suitable radical scavengers used in laundry detergents include trimethoxybenzoic acid.

[0197] Particularly suitable fluorescent whitening agents used in laundry detergents include Tinopal CBS-X.

[0198] Particularly suitable suds suppressors used in laundry detergents include non-fatty acid suds suppressors, such as silica / silicone, silicone oil, alcohols such as branched alcohols, dimethicone, and mixtures thereof.

[0199] Particularly suitable soil suspension polymers used in laundry detergents include PEI ethoxylate, HDMA diquate ethoxylates, sulfonated derivates, and hydrophobically modified copolymers.

[0200] Particularly suitable soil release polymers used in laundry detergents include PET alkoxylate short block copolymer.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0201] Particularly suitable dye transfer inhibitors and dye fixatives included in laundry detergents include polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, copolymers of N-viny-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole and mixtures thereof.

[0202] Particularly suitable fabric softening additives used in laundry detergents include alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quaternary ammonium compounds, bentonite, silicones, cationic silicones, and mixtures thereof.

[0203] Particularly suitable rheology modifiers used in laundry detergents include methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum and hydroxypropyl guar gum, succinoglycan, and trihydroxystearin.

[0204] Particularly suitable wash or cleaning adjuvants used in laundry detergents include ethanol amine citrate, ethanol amine laurate, ethanol amine palmitate, ethanol amine oleate, ethanol amine stearate, C16 to C18 fatty acids, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, pentasodium pentetate, sodium laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium myristate, sodium oleate, sodium palmitate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium stearate, and mixtures thereof.

[0205] Particularly suitable stabilizers and blending aids used in laundry detergents include calcium formate, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, an alcohol, ethanol amine, glycerin, hydrogenated castor oil, monoethanol amine citrate, polyethylene glycol, sodium bisulfite, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium formate, sodim silicate, trimethylsiloxy silicate, or mixtures thereof.

[0206] Hard surface cleaners include, but are not limited to, general purpose cleaners, bathroom cleaners, kitchen cleaners, cleaning creams, floor cleaners, and furniture care products.

[0207] In one aspect, the hard surface cleaner is a general purpose cleaner. The general purpose cleaner may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, solvents, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, and fragrance. Particularly suitable surfactants used in general purpose cleaners include sodium lauryl sulfate and decyl glucoside. Particularly suitable solvents used in general purpose cleaners include isopropyl alcohol and ethanol. Particularly suitable emulsifiers used in general purpose cleaners include polysorbate 20 and alcohol ethoxylates i.e. (C9-C11) Alkyl alcohol, ethoxylate.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Particularly suitable pH adjusters used in general purpose cleaners include citric acid and sodium hydroxide.

[0208] In another aspect, the hard surface cleaner is a bathroom cleaner. The bathroom cleaner may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, acid compounds, surfactants, fragrance, and thickeners. Particularly suitable acid compounds used in bathroom cleaners include hydrochloric acid and citric acid.

[0209] In yet another aspect, the hard surface cleaner is a kitchen cleaner. The kitchen cleaner may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, surfactants, solvents, degreasers, fragrance, and antimicrobial agents. Particularly suitable degreasers used in kitchen cleaners include sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.

[0210] In one aspect, the hard surface cleaner is a cleaning cream. The cleaning cream may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, an abrasive agent, surfactants, emollients, and fragrance. Particularly suitable abrasive agents used in cleaning creams include calcium carbonate and silica. Particularly suitable emollients used in cleaning creams include glycerin.

[0211] In another aspect, the hard surface cleaner is a floor cleaner. The floor cleaner may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, solvents, fragrance, and pH adjusters.

[0212] Dishwashing liquids include, but are not limited to, hand wash liquid, machine dish wash liquid, dishwash capsules, rise aid, and dish washing cleaning solution.

[0213] In one aspect, the dishwashing liquid is a hand dish wash liquid. The hand dish wash liquid may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, emollients, solvents, and fragrance. Particularly suitable surfactants used in hand dish wash liquid include sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine. Particularly suitable emollients used in hand dish wash liquids include glycerin. Particularly suitable solvents used in hand dish wash liquids include isopropyl alcohol.

[0214] In another aspect, the dishwashing liquid is a machine dish wash liquid. The machine dish wash liquid may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, surfactants, enzymes, builders, bleaching agents,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) antiredeposition agents, and rinse aids. Particularly suitable enzymes used in machine dish wash liquids include protease and amylase. Particularly suitable builders used in machine dish wash liquids include sodium carbonate and sodium citrate. Particularly suitable bleaching agents used in machine dish wash liquids include sodium percarbonate. Particularly suitable antiredeposition agents used in machine dish wash liquids include polyacrylate.

[0215] In yet another aspect, the dishwashing liquid is a dishwash capsule or pod. The dishwashing capsule or pod may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, surfactants, enzymes, builders, bleaching agents, rinse aid, and solvents. Particularly suitable solvents used in dishwash capsules or pods include PEG-75 and PEG-150.

[0216] In one aspect, the dishwashing liquid is a rinse aid. The rinse aid may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, water, surfactants, acidifiers, chelating agents, and anti-foaming agents. Particularly suitable acidifiers used in the rinse aid include citric acid. Particularly suitable chelating agents used in the rinse aid include tetrasodium EDTA.

[0217] Toilet care products include, but are not limited to, toilet cleaners and toilet fresheners.

[0218] In one aspect, the toilet care product is a toilet cleaner. The toilet cleaner may contain the preservation composition of the present disclosure, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, surfactants, thickeners, fragrance, colorants, corrosion inhibitors, bleaching agents, thickening agents, solvents, and antibacterial agents. Particularly suitable surfactants used in the toilet cleaners include sodium lauryl sulfate and alkyl dimethyl amine oxides. Particularly suitable thickeners used in the toilet cleaners include xanthan gum and sodium chloride. Particularly suitable thickening agents used in the toilet cleaners include sodium hydroxide and sodium polyacrylate. Particularly suitable solvents used in the toilet cleaners include isopropanol.

[0219] Within these various types of products, the preservation composition and the base composition can be formulated differently depending on the function of the end-use product. For instance, the preservation composition of the present disclosure can be used in emulsions (both oil-in-water and water-in-oil), in aqueous solutions, in PIT (phase inversion temperature) emulsions, in oily solutions, inAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) foaming cosmetic formulations (foams), and in so-called multiple emulsions, e.g. in triple emulsions (such as water / oil / water emulsions).

[0220] The base composition of the present disclosure can also be formulated as a liquid, a semi-solid, or a solid in forms such as creams, gels, liquids or lotions. The liquid, semi-solid, and solid base compositions can be used in hair care products such as shampoos, hair conditioners, hair dyes, hair tonic, hair gel, hair dressings, hair grooming aids and other hair care preparations; shaving applications such as shaving cream, aftershave lotions, and other shaving applications; personal cleaners for the body and hands, such as liquid bath soaps and detergents; fragrance preparations, such as perfumes, after bath splashes, and other similar fragrant preparations, skin care products, such as moisturizers, creams, and lotions and other similar skin care products, make-up products, such as mascara, base foundations and the like; make-up removal products, sun care products, indoor tanning products and other similar personal care products. One particular use of the present preservation composition is to be incorporated into wiping solutions for premoistened wipes. The premoistened wipes can be used for personal cleaning and hygiene, such as baby wipes, wet toilet wipes, make-up removal wipes and exfoliating wipes and the like.

[0221] When the preservation composition is used to saturate premoistened wipes, the preservation composition serves to preserve the premoistened wipe formulation and the wipe prior to use. Once the premoistened wipe composition is formulated, the premoistened wipe composition is applied to a substrate.

[0222] For example, the pre-moistened wipe can be a single use wipe that is impregnated with the formulation or wiping solution and is stored in a container that will dispense the wipe to a user. The container with the wipes may contain a single wipe, or several wipes.

[0223] Suitable wipe substrates include woven and nonwoven materials. Essentially any nonwoven web material may be used. Exemplary nonwoven materials may include, but are not limited to meltblown, coform, spunbond, airlaid, airlaced, hydroentangled nonwovens, spunlace, bonded carded webs, and laminates thereof. The fibers used to prepare the wipe substrate may be cellulosic fiber, thermoplastic fibers and mixtures thereof. The fibers may also be continuous fibers, discontinuous fibers, staple fibers and mixtures thereof. Basis weights of theAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) nonwoven web may vary from about 12 grams per square meter to 200 grams per square meter (gsm) or more.

[0224] Once incorporated into the substrate, the resulting wiping product can have a weight ratio of liquid to substrate of from about 8:1 to about 1:1, such as from about 5:1 to about 2:1.

[0225] The composition disclosed herein may also be added to various types of industrial formulations or products. For instance, the industrial formulation or product may include, but are not limited to, paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mineral slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations. The composition of the present disclosure can also be incorporated into an industrial formulation containing one or more raw materials or intermediate blends that can be used to forumulate the products described above.

[0226] Typically, the composition of the present disclosure may be added to an end-use formulation to be preserved in an amount from about 0.0001% to about 15% by weight of the formulation, such as from about 0.005% to about 12% by weight of the formulation, such as from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the formulation, such as from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the formulation, or any range therebetween. More particularly, the composition may be added to an end-use formulation or product in an amount from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight of the formulation.

[0227] In one aspect, the metal or metal salt can be present in the end use formulation in an amount less than about 1,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 750 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 500 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 400 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 300 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 200 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 100 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 70 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 50 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 40 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 20 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 10 ppm. The metal or metal salt is generally present in the end use formulation in an amount greater than about 1 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 5 ppm.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0228] The one or more further compounds can be present in the end use formulation in an amount less than about 10,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 7,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 5,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 3,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 2,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 1,500 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 1,000 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 700 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 500 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 300 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 200 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 100 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 70 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 50 ppm, such as in an amount less than about 30 ppm.

[0229] Each one or more further compound can be present in the end use formulation in an amount greater than about 5 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 10 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 20 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 50 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 100 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 300 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 500 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 700 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 1,000 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 1,500 ppm, such as in an amount greater than about 2,000 ppm.

[0230] The preceding description is exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure in any way. Various changes to the described embodiments may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0231] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention is related.

[0232] As used in this application and in the claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Additionally, the term “includes” means “comprises”. The methods and compositions of the present disclosure, including components thereof, can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein, as well as any additional or optionalAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) ingredients, components or limitations described herein or otherwise useful in biocidal compositions.

[0233] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, percentages, and so forth, as used in the specification or claims are to be understood as being modified by the term “about”. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, implicitly or explicitly, the numerical parameters set forth are approximations that may depend on the desired properties sought and / or limits of detection under standard test conditions / methods. When directly and explicitly distinguishing embodiments from discussed prior art, the embodiment numbers are not approximates unless the word “about” is recited.

[0234] The term “about” is intended to mean approximately, in the region of, roughly, or around. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. Unless otherwise indicated, it should be understood that the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, numerical parameters should be read in light of the number of reported significant digits and the application of ordinary rounding techniques.

[0235] The term “antimicrobial” as used herein refers to any chemical compound that prevents the growth of organisms on a coating surface and / or that prevents the growth of organisms “in-can” in a paint or coating prior to surface application or in HPC products or an industrial formulation.

[0236] This written description uses examples to disclose the present disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0237] Furthermore, certain aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood according to the following examples, which are intended to be non- limiting and exemplary in nature. Moreover, it will be understood that the compositions described in the examples may be substantially free of any substance not expressly described. EXAMPLES Example No.1:

[0238] The following tests were conducted to demonstrate the synergistic effects when a metal oxide in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with at least one other compound. In particular, copper gluconate was combined with 29 different compounds in accordance with the present disclosure and tested against four different microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a), Staphylococcus aureus (S.a), Escherichia coli (E.c), and Candida albicans (C.a). The metal salt and the other compounds were tested singularly and as a blend. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined and a synergy index was calculated.

[0239] Test Procedure:

[0240] The lowest concentration of each mixture or single compound which prevents an observable level of growth was determined to be the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The MIC value was determined for each microorganism.

[0241] Serial dilutions of each mixture or single compound were prepared. Micro-organisms were inoculated into appropriate liquid media: The final concentrations of micro-organisms in media was approximately 104 -105 CFU / ml. The inoculated media was introduced to each of the serial dilutions at a 1:1 ratio, and incubated at 30±2°C for 24-48 hours.

[0242] The MICs for each mixture was compared with the MIC of each single compound alone.

[0243] Synergy was determined using the Kull equation (F.C. Kull et. al., “Mixtures of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Long-chain Fatty Acids asAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Antifungal Agents”, Appl Microbiol.1961 Nov; 9(6): 538–541), which calculates a Synergy Index (SI) according the following equation: SI = Qa / QA + Qb / QB wherein QA= concentration of compound A in ppm, acting alone produced an end point, Qa = concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point, QB = concentration of compound B in ppm, acting alone produced an end point, Qb = concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point

[0244] In this study the end point is measured by the MIC.

[0245] Synergy is demonstrated by an SI value of less than 1. An additive effect is demonstrated by an SI value of equal to 1. Antagonism is demonstrated by an SI value of greater than 1.

[0246] Summary:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Copper Gluconate synergy ratios oAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Lauryl Dimethyl Amine Oxide Synergy 40:1-5:1The following tests were conducted. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate PhenoxyethanolCopper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate HPNOAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Lactic AcidActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Hydroxy acetophenoneActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index C Gl t l l lActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 10:1 313 31 0.63 5:4 156 125 0.75Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate cMIT / MIT (3:1)Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index C r Gl n t : C Gl t BITAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Sodium PhytateCopper Gluconate: L- Copper Gluconate L-ArginineCo er Gluconate: C r Gl n t Vit min CStaphylococcus aureus: Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:5 78 391 0.75 2:5 78 195 0.50Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate HPNOAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Lactic AcidActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Co er Gluconate: Co er Gluconate Deh droacetic AcidAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate GluconolactoneCo er Gluconate: C r Gl n t Gl r l C r l tAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate BITCopper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Sodium Phytatec ve weg ra o o C (ppm) on grow Synergy n exAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:64 20 1250 0.63 1:32 20 625 0.38Copper Gluconate: L- Copper Gluconate L-ArginineActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Sodium Salicylate 6250 aloneActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Benzyl alcoholActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Potassium SorbateActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 4:5 313 391 0.53 1:40 156 6250 0.75Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Ethylhexylglycering pp g y gy C Gl t l t L li i AidActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) :1 313 8 0.63 :1 313 4 0.56g pp g y gy l t l i iAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate HydroxyacetophenoneCopper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Citric Acidg pp g y gy l t l h i iAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:2 156 313 0.31 1:1 156 156 0.28Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate GluconolactoneActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 20:1 156 8 0.75 Metipirox alone 16Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Propylene GlycolC r Gl n t : l t l l l tActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 6260:1 313 0.05 0.56 400:1 156 0.39 0.75Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate IPBCActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:64 39 2500 1:128 20 2500Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Sodium PhytateCo er Gluconate: C Gl t B h d i A idActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Vitamin CActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Sodium SalicylateActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Potassium SorbateActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index l t l iAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:40 78 3125 0.56 1:80 39 3125 0.53Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate EthylhexylglycerinCo er Gluconate: C Gl t C l l Gl lActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:320 20 6250 0.52 Levulinic Acid alone 12500Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate HPNOAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 1:3 20 63 0.27 2:3 20 31 0.14Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate MetipiroxAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Propylene GlycolCopper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Glyceryl CaprylateMIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Active wei ht ratio ofAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Copper Gluconate 625 aloneCopper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate cMIT / MIT (3:1)Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index lAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) 25:2 39 3.13 0.31 3:1 20 6.25 0.53Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate BenzylammoniumActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index l tAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Benzohydroxamic 1250 Acid aloneActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Butyl LevulinateActive weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate HydoxyacetophenoneAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active weight ratio of MIC (ppm) to inhibit growth Synergy index Copper Gluconate: Copper Gluconate Butyl LevulinateCopper Gluconate: L- Copper Gluconate L-Arginineg pp g y gy l t l i iAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Example No.2:

[0247] In this example, the following tests were conducted to demonstrate the synergistic effects when a metal oxide in accordance with the present disclosure is combined with hydroxyacetophenone in accordance with the present disclosure and tested against three different microorganism pools. In order to quantify synergy, 14 day challenge testing was conducted in a shampoo formulation (Table 3).

[0248] The challenge testing organisms are pooled with others from similar biological groups (Table 1). A pure suspension of each microorganism is prepared in diluent to obtain a final inoculum concentration of bacteria of 1.0 – 5.0 x 108CFU / ml and for yeast and filamentous fungi 1.0 – 5.0 x 107CFU / ml. Where suspensions are combined into a mixed inoculum, combine equal parts of each single inoculum.

[0249] Table 1: Inoculum Pools Pool Biological Group Organism(s) 1 Mixed inoculum non- Pseudomonas aeru inosa

[0250] Preservation efficacy time (t) starts upon sample inoculation. Each sample is inoculated at t=0 days with a microbial inoculum at a volume of less than 1% of the test sample. The total microbial load in sample for a bacterial test is 1.0 – 5.0 x 106CFU / ml and the total load for a yeast and filamentous fungi test is 1.0 – 5.0 x 105CFU / ml. Assessment of preservation efficacy is performed at t= 0, 2 (bacteria only) 7, and 14 days. Upon reaching the specified contact times, a 10- fold dilution series in an appropriate neutralizing broth is performed for each testAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) sample. Samples are plated out onto an appropriate growth medium and incubated. Following incubation, the number of viable colonies for each pool is calculated in CFU / ml.

[0251] In this study the end point is measured by CFU / ml, which is then normalised to Relative Colony Count (RCC). To calculate Relative Colony Count (RCC), The log CFU / ml recovery at the given timepoint is divided by the log CFU / ml of the initial inoculum.

[0252] The Synergy indices (SI) for binary combinations of substances A and B are calculated according to a modified Kull’s equation: SI = (RCCM x PA) / RCCA + (RCCM x PB) / RCCB where: RCCA is the RCC value for substance A, RCCB is the RCC value for substance B, RCCM is the RCC value for the mixture of A and B, PA is the proportion of A in the mixture, PB is the proportion of B in the mixture. A SI equal to or greater than 1 means that no synergy is present.

[0253] The following results were obtained:

[0254] Pool 1:

[0255] Synergy with Copper Gluconate and Hydroxyacetophenone Active Conc Active weight ratio of Relative colony count (Time) (ppm) Copper Gluconate: sAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Active Conc Active weight ratio of Relative colony count (Time) (ppm) Copper Gluconate: Hydroxyacetophenone 2 Days 7 Days 14 Dayspp pp Hydroxyacetophenone 2 Days 7 Days 14 Days

[0257] Synergy with Copper Gluconate and Hydroxyacetophenone Active Conc Active weight ratio of Relative colony count (Time) (ppm) Copper Gluconate: 2 Da s 7 Da s 14 DaysActive Conc Active weight ratio of Relative colony count (Time) (ppm) Copper Gluconate: sc e o c c e eg a o o ea e coo y cou e) ( m) Co er Gluconate: sAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Example No.3: Preservation Efficacy Testing in a Shampoo and in a Non-ionic Lotion Formulation Table 2: Inoculum Pools Pool Biological Group Organism(s) 1 Mixed inoculum non- Pseudomonas aeruginosag g g p biological groups (Table 2). A pure suspension of each microorganism is prepared in diluent to obtain a final inoculum concentration of bacteria of 1.0 – 5.0 x 108CFU / ml and for yeast and filamentous fungi 1.0 – 5.0 x 107CFU / ml. Where suspensions are combined into a mixed inoculum, combine equal parts of each single inoculum.

[0259] Preservation efficacy time (t) starts upon sample inoculation. Each sample is inoculated at t=0 days with a microbial inoculum at a volume of less than 1% of the test sample. The total microbial load in sample for a bacterial test is 1.0 – 5.0 x 106CFU / ml and the total load for a yeast and filamentous fungi test is 1.0 – 5.0 x 105CFU / ml. Assessment of preservation efficacy is performed at t= 0, 2 (bacteria only) 7, and 14 days. Upon reaching the specified contact times, a 10- fold dilution series in an appropriate neutralizing broth is performed for each test sample. Samples are plated out onto an appropriate growth medium and incubated.Following incubation, the number of viable colonies for each pool is calculated in CFU / ml. The log10reduction in the number of viable microorganisms is then compared against the value obtained for the inoculum.Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0260] Table 3: Shampoo Formulation Ingredients Active in Active in raw Raw material Ingredient Tradename(s) formulation material in formulation % b wt % b wt % b wtActive in Active in raw Raw material Ingredient Tradename(s) formulation material in formulation      Preservation Efficacy Assessment in a Shampoo Formulation.

[0262] In this example, various compositions made according to the present disclosure were tested against the inoculum pools in Table 1 above.

[0263] In the experiments below, a copper salt was combined with various further compounds and tested for log reduction. Unless otherwise specified, the copper salt was copper gluconate. Copper nitrate was also tested. The at least further compounds included zinc pyrithione, 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HPNO), benzyl alcohol, resorcinol monoacetate, and various aminohydroxamates.

[0264] In the results below, where “copper” only is mentioned, it is in reference to the weight concentration of copper (valent state of +2) alone.

[0265] When Copper gluconate was added as the metal salt, in order to convert the concentration from copper ion to copper gluconate, multiply by 7.14 (1 ppm copper ion equates to 7.14 ppm of copper gluconate).Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00)

[0266] When Copper Nitrate was added as the metal salt, in order to convert the concentration from copper ion to copper nitrate, multiply by 2.95 (1 ppm copper ion equates to 2.95 ppm of copper nitrate).

[0267] In this study synergy is calculated by measuring recovery in CFU / ml, which is then normalised to Relative Colony Count (RCC). To calculate Relative Colony Count (RCC), The log CFU / ml recovery at the given timepoint is divided by the log CFU / ml of the initial inoculum.

[0268] The Synergy indices (SI) for binary combinations of substances A and B are calculated according to a modified Kull’s equation: SI = (RCCM x PA) / RCCA + (RCCM x PB) / RCCB where: RCCA is the RCC value for substance A, RCCB is the RCC value for substance B, RCCM is the RCC value for the mixture of A and B, PA is the proportion of A in the mixture, PB is the proportion of B in the mixture. A SI equal to or greater than 1 means that no synergy is present.

[0269] The following results were obtained:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Table 5 – Log reduction obtained in combination with Copper gluconate in shampoo pH 7 Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  1  1  1  2  2  2  3  3  3  4  4  5  5  Formulation  y    3 3  3  3  3  3  3  3  6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Benzyl Alcohol  (0.25%) 4.66  4.66  4.66  1.90  1.90  1.90  2.00  2.00  4.70  0.24  0.24  0.72  0.26 BenzylAlcohol 7 6 6 6 6 1 Pool 1: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesChemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesChemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Benzyl alcohol 500 Copper 25 0.81 0.81 0.81Day 2 Day 7 Day 14y pp y pp y gyPool 3: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesChemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index values Day 2 Day 7 Day 14Pool 4: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index values Day 2 Day 7 Day 14Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index valuesChemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Synergy index values     Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-PCT (LP3746PC00) Table 6   Log reduction obtained in combination with Copper gluconate in shampoo pH 7  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  Pool  1  1  1  2  2  2  3  3  3  4  4  5  5  Formulation  Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day  4  32 52 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) Pool 1: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry ppm Ratio Synergy index 2 valuesChemistry 1 ppm Chemistry ppm Ratio Synergy index 2 lAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) Day Day Day 2 7 14Table 7 – Log reduction obtained in combination with Copper gluconate and Copper nitrate in shampoo pH 7 Pool 1  Pool 1  Pool 2  Pool 2  Pool 4  Formulation  D 2 D 7 D 2 D 7 D  7  7 1 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 7 7 9 9 7 9 1 9 9 9 8 9 Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) Glutamine HA (0.00125%), Copper (Gluconate)  (0.00125%)  2.09  2.09  2.20  2.20  0.99 Glutamine HA (0.000625%), Copper (Gluconate)  (0.000625%)  2.09  2.09  2.20  2.20  0.99 9 5 1 9 9 9  Pool 1: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Ratio Synergy index valuesPool 2: Chemistry 1 ppm Chemistry 2 ppm Ratio Synergy indexAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) Tyrosine HA 50 Copper Gluconate (Cu) 50 1:1 0.23 0.23Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)

[0270] Arginine hydroxamic acid and glutamine hydroxamic acid were also tested in the absence of a copper salt at concentrations of 0.005% by weight, 0.01% by weight, 0.02% by weight, 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, and 0.25% by weight. The aminohydroxamic acids were tested against the microorganisms of Pool 1 and Pool 2. None of the aminohydroxamic acids when tested alone displayed a log reduction of greater than 1.95.

[0271] A 14-day antifungal preservation efficacy test (PET) was also conducted which demonstrates the combined efficacy of each HPNO and dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in combination with copper gluconate. The following results were obtained: Table 8 – Log reductions obtained with Copper gluconate in Shampoo pH 7  HPNO  DHA  Copper  Sample  (ppm)  (ppm)  (ppm) Yeast day 7  Fungi day 7  Fungi day 14 , increased efficacy which permitted a reduction in the minimum levels of each component required to control fungi. Example No.4

[0273] In this example, various aminohydroxamates (AAHA) were combined with copper nitrate and tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and for synergy index (S.I.). The test organism was E. coli. Stock Solution PreparationAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)

[0274] Purified powdered stocks of the indicated aminohydroxamic acids or aminohydroxamates were prepared by dissolving at 10% w / v concentration in 1N NaOH, forming a clear or amber solution. As an exception, L-Iso(I)-HA was not soluble in 1N NaOH and instead was dissolved in DMSO. The stocks we stored at room temperature in the dark before use. L-Gly(G)-based hydroxamic acid and L- Iso(I)-based hydroxamic acid formed precipitates after overnight storage while the remaining aminohydroxamic acids’ did not noticeably change. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Testing (MIC)

[0275] MICs were determined via microbroth dilution in 96-well format using the following specific test parameters: MIC Test Details Test Media = M9 + Glucose Test Organisms = E. coli ATCC #8739 Incubation Temperature = 37°C Evaluation Time = 24 Hours Organism Concentration = OD600=0.00025 Stocks = 100 mM LLH in 1N NaOH, 100 mM Cu2+(from Cu(NO3)2-2in ddH2O)

[0276] The results are in Table No.9 below. In the table below, the copper concentration is the concentration of the copper ion. The copper nitrate concentration is the copper ion concentration multiplied by 2.95 (1 ppm of copper ion is equivalent to 2.95 ppm of copper nitrate). Table 9. MIC and synergy index results of AAHAs and copper   AAHA at MIC HA (ppm) / Cu Synergy index Sample nameAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) D-Leucine Hydroxamate >146 10.4 / 2.00.09028acid in combination with copper nitrate. The test organism was again E. coli.

[0278] The following conditions were used: MIC Test Details Test Media = M9 + Glucose Test Organism = E. coli ATCC #8739 Incubation Temperature = 37°C Evaluation Time = 24 Hours Organism Concentration = OD600=0.00025 Stocks = 100 mM LLH in 1N NaOH, 100 mM Cu2+(from Cu(NO3)2-2in ddH2O)Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)

[0279] The results are illustrated in FIGS.1 and 2. FIG.1 illustrates MIC (ppm) of different ratios of l-leucine hydroxamic acid (LLH) and Cu2+as expressed in molar ratios. FIG.2 illustrates the Synergy index (S.I) of different ratios of l-leucine hydroxamic acid (LLH) and Cu2+(also expressed in molar ratios). As shown in FIGS.1 and 2, copper nitrate and LLH were highly synergistic at molar ratios between 25% and 75%.   Table 10. MIC (ppm) and synergy index of different ratios of l-leucine hydroxamic acid (LLH) and Cu2+  LLH MIC Synergy Index   (%) Cu (%) (ppm) (SI)                                                Example No.5

[0280] Kill Test

[0281] Overnight cultures of E. coli (ATCC #8739) growing in Tryptic Soy Broth were diluted to OD600 = 0.01 in defined medium (M9 medium) containingAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) the indicated level of test compound. Time points were collected by adding 1 mL of the sample into 9 mL of Dey-Engley Neutralizing Broth and performing a serial dilution in 1x phosphate buffer saline. Counts were obtained calculated from plates that contained 100 uL of diluted and neutralized culture in Tryptic Soy Agar after overnight incubation at 35 °C.

[0282] Further tests were conducted in order to demonstrate the synergy between amino acid-based hydroxamic acids and a metal salt, such as copper nitrate or silver nitrate. The test organism was E. coli (ATCC#8739).

[0283] The following test conditions were used: MIC Test Details Test Media = M9 + Glucose Incubation Temperature = 37°C Evaluation Time = 24 Hours Organism Concentration = OD600=0.01 Stocks = 100 mM AAHA in 1N NaOH, 100 mM Cu2+(from Cu(NO3)2)ddH2O) Dilution Method = 100 mM Cu(NO3)2in 0.02M MOPS-Sodium Acetate (pH 7), 2 mM AgNO3in 0.02M MOPS-Sodium Acetate (pH 7) Note - pH of media at 7

[0284] The results are shown in the tables below (Table 11). In the tables, “LRH” stands for L-Arginine hydroxamic acid. The metal concentration is recorded in metal ion concentration. The conversion factor of copper ion to copper nitrate is 1 ppm of copper ion is equivalent to 2.95 ppm of copper nitrate. For silver, 1 ppm of silver ion is equivalent to 1.75 ppm of silver nitrate. Table 11. Kill test of L-arginine hydroxamate and metal ions at different levels CFU / mL, Ec8739 Sample [AAHA / Metal] ppmAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) Ag 0 ppm / 0.03 ppm 6.8E+07 8.6E+07 2.0E+04Sample [AAHA / Metal], ppm 30 Minutes 2 Hours 24 HoursTest Media = M9 + Glucose Test Organisms = E. coli ATCC #8739 Incubation Temperature = 37°C Evaluation Time = 24 Hours Organism Concentration = OD600=0.00025 Stocks = 100 mM LLH in 1N NaOH, 100 mM Cu2+(from Cu(NO3)2in ddH2O) Table 12. Synergy effect among L-arginine and its derivates with copper Concentration at MIC, ppm Sample S.I.

[0285] The above data demonstrates the synergy that occurs between the metal salt and the amino acid and aminohydroxamate.

[0286] Further synergy tests were conducted in which copper nitrate was combined with itaconic acid ring hydroxamate (ICHA).Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)

[0287] The following conditions were used. Below are the results illustrating synergy between the two components. MIC Test Details Test Media = MHB Test Organisms = E. coli ATCC #8739 Incubation Temperature = 37°C Evaluation Time = 24 Hours Organism Concentration = OD600=0.00025 Table 13. Synergy effect between ICHA (1-Hydroxy-5-oxopyrrolidine-3- carboxylic acid) and copper 100mM 100mM S.I.. Biostability of Paints containing combinations of HPNO and Cu2+

[0288] The bacterial challenge testing organisms were Alcaligenes faecalis (ATCC #25094), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC #13048), Escherichia coli (ATCC #11229), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC #10145). All bacteria were blended from separate overnight cultures grown in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and mixed at equal CFU via OD600measurements, then diluted to OD600= 7 (~109CFU / mL) to create the final bacterial consortium. Each mixture was prepared shortly before each inoculation. Inoculations were performed by adding 0.1 mL to 50 g of the indicated test sample to give ~107CFU / g per inoculation. ViabilityAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) readings were performed at the indicated intervals following each challenge by applying a small amount of the test sample onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). Plates were then incubated at 32 °C for 3-5 days before being evaluated with a semi- quantitative scale. This scale estimates the approximate CFU / g by visual assessment of the colony density along the streak lines. Readings are recorded as the average of two duplicate semi-quantitative readings from “0” to “4.” Samples were mixed before every viability reading and after every inoculation.    Colony Count Rating Approximate CFU / g

[0289] d above. In this example, copper nitrate was combined with 2-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide (HPNO).

[0290] Following are the conditions used to produce the test results. Challange Test Details Test Matrix = Interior Flat Paint (pH ~8) Incubation Temperature = Room Temperature Inoculation Strength = ~106CFU / g Consortia = Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC #10145), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC #13048), Escherichia coli (ATCC #11229), Alcaligenes faecalis (ATCC #25094) Evaluation Time = 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days following inoculation Stocks = 100 mM HPNO in ddH2O or 1N NaOH, 100 mM Cu2+(from Cu(NO3)2in ddH2O or 1N NaOH)

[0291] Detection Method = Streaks on TSBThe following results were obtained:Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) LEGEND 0 No Growth 1 Trace Growth (1-10 colonies) Table 14velsAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)  Challenge #1  Challenge #2  Challenge #3  Challenge #4 Treatment 24 48 7 24 48 7 24 48 7 24 48 7 s  The results show that neither Cu2+ nor HPNO can impart biostability to the paint, though combinations show surprising biostability at low levels of both compounds. These and other modifications and variations to the present invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is more particularly set forth in theAttorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) appended claims. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged both in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the invention so further described in such appended claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) What Is Claimed:

1. A composition having antimicrobial properties, the composition comprising a transition metal salt in combination with at least a further compound, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, the at least further compound comprising an amino acid or a derivative thereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic alcohol, a chelating agent, a ketone, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ester, an alkyl glyceryl ester, an alkyl glyceryl ether, a halogen containing compound, an amine ester, an ester, a natural extract, a fermentation product, a isothiazolinone, a quaternary ammonium compound, a formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a glucamide, a diol, gluconolactone, metipirox, an amine oxide, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate, or mixtures thereof; and wherein the transition metal salt and the at least further compound are present in a synergistically effective amount.

2. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a hydroxamic acid or salt thereof such as caprylhydroxamic acid or benzohydroxamic acid.

3. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises an amino acid derivative comprising an alkyl carboxylic acid amino acid derivative, such as ethyl lauroyl arginate.

4. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises an amino-acid hydroxamate or derivative thereof.

5. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a 2-substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound comprising 2- hydroxypyridine-N-oxide, 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide, or a cyclic hydroxamic acid of itaconic acid.

6. A composition as defined in claim 5, wherein the at least further compound comprises zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, or mixtures thereof.

7. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a phenolic alcohol, such as benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, 2-phenylethanol, maltol, phenylpropanol, O-cymen-5-ol, hydroxytyrosol, or mixtures thereof.

8. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises the organic acid or a salt thereof, such as benzoic acid,Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 19. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises an aldehyde such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

20. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises piroctone olamine.

21. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a fermentation product such as a Lactobacillus ferment, a Leuconostoc ferment filtrate, or mixtures thereof.

22. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a natural extract such as cocos nucifera (Coconut) fruit extract, magnolia officinalis bark, or mixtures thereof.

23. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises benzoin.

24. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a polypeptide such as polylysine.

25. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises an isothiazolinone such as 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2- methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-octyl-2H- isothiazol-3-one, n-butyl-1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, or mixtures thereof.

26. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprise a formaldehyde donor such as dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH), oxazolidine, sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate, 2,2',2-(hexahydro-1,3- 5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl-)triethanol (HHT), (ethylenedioxy)dimethanol (EDDM), or salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

27. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a quaternary ammonium compound such as benzalkonium chloride, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

28. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a paraben such as methyl parabens.

29. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a guanidine compound such as a biguanide and / or its substitution products, salts, analogs, derivatives, and / or combinations thereof, including polyhexamethylene biguanide. 109Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 30. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises a ligand for the transition metal salt that forms a coordination complex.

31. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least further compound comprises: an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), or salts thereof: (IA), wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, an OH group, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched C1 to C20 alkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, an amidoalkyl group, an alkylguanidine group, an alkoxy group, an alkylether group, an alkyl selenol group, an alkyl thiol group or a alkylthioether group; an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IB), or salts thereof: NH2O R2 H N OH (IB), wherein R2 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group; or an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IC), or salts thereof: (IC), wherein R3 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group.

32. A composition as defined in claim 31, wherein the aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), (IB), or (IC) comprises a reaction product of an amino acid and hydroxylamine, or a derivative thereof. 110Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 33. A composition as defined in claim 32, wherein the amino acid is selected from a group consisting of leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, cysteine, phenylalanine, or derivatives thereof.

34. A composition as defined in claim 32, wherein the amino acid comprises a D- or an L-configuration amino acid, such as D-Leucine, D-Glutamic acid, D-Alanine, L-Leucine, L-Glutamic Acid, or L-Alanine.

35. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the metal salt copper nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment, copperbisglycinate, silver bisglycinate,copper PCA, silver PCA, copper citrate, silver citrate, copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate or mixtures thereof.

36. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition is free of zinc gluconate.

37. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the metal salt and the at least further compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1: 200 to about 20:

1.

38. A composition as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant, a complexing agent, a agent, an auxiliary, an acid, a a thickener, anextract, a fragrance, or an oil.

39. A personal care or home care formulation, wherein the personal care or home care formulation comprises a base composition combined with components comprising a the transition metal salt copper, the at least furtherthereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic alcohol, a chelating agent, a ketone, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ester, an alkyl glyceryl ester, an alkyl glyceryl ether, a halogen containing compound, an amine ester, an ester, a natural extract, a fermentation product, a isothiazolinone, a quaternary 111Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) ammonium compound, a formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a glucamide, a diol, gluconolactone, metipirox, an amine oxide, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate or mixtures thereof; and wherein the transition metal salt and the at least further compound are present in a synergistically effective amount.

40. A personal or home care formulation of claim 39, wherein the home or personal care formulation comprises a color cosmetic product, a deodorant product, a hair care product, an oral care product, a skin care product, a bathing product, a sun care product, a fabric care product, a dish wash liquid product, a fragrance preparation, a hard surface cleaning product, a toilet care product, or a premoistened wipe.

41. A personal or home care formulation of claim 39 or 40, wherein the metal salt is present in the formulation in an amount of from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm and the at least further compound is present in the formulation in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 5000 ppm.

42. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises a hydroxamic acid or salt thereof such as caprylhydroxamic acid.

43. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises an amino-acid hydroxamate or derivative thereof.

44. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises a 2-substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound comprising 2- hydroxypyridine-N-oxide, 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide, or a cyclic hydroxamic acid of itaconic acid.

45. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, or mixtures thereof.

46. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises a phenolic alcohol, such as benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, 2-phenylethanol, maltol, phenylpropanol, O-cymen-5-ol, hydroxytyrosol, or mixtures thereof.

47. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises a ligand for the transition metal salt that forms a coordination complex. 112Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 48. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the at least further compound comprises: an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), or salts thereof: (IA), wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, an OH group, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched C1 to C20 alkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, an amidoalkyl group, an alkylguanidine group, an alkoxy group, an alkylether group, an alkyl selenol group, an alkyl thiol group or a alkylthioether group; an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IB), or salts thereof: NH2O R2 H N OH (IB), wherein R2 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group; or an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IC), or salts thereof: (IC), wherein R3 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group.

49. A composition as defined in claim 48, wherein the aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), (IB), or (IC) comprises a reaction product of an amino acid and hydroxylamine, or a derivative thereof.

50. A composition as defined in claim 49, wherein the amino acid is selected from a group consisting of leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, 113Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) histidine, aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, cysteine, phenylalanine, or derivatives thereof.

51. A composition as defined in claim 49, wherein the amino acid comprises a D- or an L-configuration amino acid, such as D-Leucine, D-Glutamic acid, D-Alanine, L-Leucine, L-Glutamic Acid, or L-Alanine. in claim 39, wherein the metal salt gluconate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment,copper tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu), copper bisglycinate, silver bisglycinate,copper PCA, silver PCA, copper citrate, silver citrate, copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate or mixtures thereof.

53. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the composition is free of zinc gluconate.

54. A composition as defined in claim 39, wherein the metal salt and the at least further compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 20:

1. the industrial formulation components having antimicrobialmetal salt and at least a further compound, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, the at least further compound comprising an amino acid or a derivative thereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ether, a halogen containing extract, a fermentation product, aa formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a glucamide, a diol, gluconolactone, metipirox, an amine oxide, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate or mixtures thereof; and wherein the transition metal salt and the at least further compound are present in a synergistically effective amount.

56. An industrial formulation of claim 55, wherein the industrial formulation comprises paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mineral 114Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations.

57. An industrial formulation of claim 55 or 56, wherein the metal salt is present in the formulation in an amount of from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm and the at least further compound is present in the formulation in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 5000 ppm.

58. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises a hydroxamic acid or salt thereof such as caprylhydroxamic acid.

59. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises an amino-acid hydroxamate or derivative thereof.

60. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises a 2-substituted pyridine-N-oxide compound comprising 2- hydroxypyridine-N-oxide, 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide, or a cyclic hydroxamic acid of itaconic acid.

61. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, or mixtures thereof.

62. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises a phenolic alcohol, such as benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, 2-phenylethanol, maltol, phenylpropanol, O-cymen-5-ol, hydroxytyrosol, or mixtures thereof.

63. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises a ligand for the transition metal salt that forms a coordination complex.

64. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the at least further compound comprises: an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), or salts thereof: (IA), wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, an OH group, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched C1 to C20 alkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl 115Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, an amidoalkyl group, an alkylguanidine group, an alkoxy group, an alkylether group, an alkyl selenol group, an alkyl thiol group or a alkylthioether group; an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IB), or salts thereof: NH2O R2 H N OH (IB), wherein R2 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group; or an aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IC), or salts thereof: (IC), wherein R3 comprises a carboxyl group, or a carboxyalkyl group.

65. A composition as defined in claim 64, wherein the aminohydroxamic acid of the general formula (IA), (IB), or (IC) comprises a reaction product of an amino acid and hydroxylamine, or a derivative thereof.

66. A composition as defined in claim 65, wherein the amino acid is selected from a group consisting of leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, cysteine, phenylalanine, or derivatives thereof.

67. A composition as defined in claim 65, wherein the amino acid comprises a D- or an L-configuration amino acid, such as D-Leucine, D-Glutamic acid, D-Alanine, L-Leucine, L-Glutamic Acid, or L-Alanine.

68. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the metal salt gluconate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment, copper bisglycinate, silver bisglycinate,copper PCA,silver copper copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate or mixtures thereof. 116Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 69. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the composition is free of zinc gluconate.

70. A composition as defined in claim 55, wherein the metal salt and the at least further compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 1:500 to about 50:1, such as from about 1:200 to about 20:

1.

71. A method for preserving a formulation against microbiological growth, the method comprising adding to the formulation the composition as defined in any of the formulation comprises a73. The method of claim 72, wherein the personal care or home care formulation comprises a color cosmetic product, a deodorant product, a hair care product, an oral care product, a skin care product, a bathing product, a sun care product, product, a hard surface cleaning product, wipe. the formulation comprises an75. The method of claim 74, wherein the industrial formulation comprises paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, a wood antimicrobial, mineral slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations.

76. Use of components that have antimicrobial properties comprising adding to an end use product a transition metal salt and at least a further compound, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, the at least further compound comprising an amino acid or a derivative thereof, a hydroxamic acid or a salt thereof, an organic acid or a salt thereof, an aromatic alcohol, a chelating agent, a ketone, an alkylene glycol, an alkylene glycol ester, an alkyl glyceryl ester, an alkyl glyceryl ether, a halogen containing compound, an amine ester, an ester, a natural extract, a fermentation product, a isothiazolinone, a quaternary ammonium compound, a formaldehyde donor, piroctone olamine, benzoin, a polypeptide, a paraben, an aldehyde, a glucamide, a diol, gluconolactone, metipirox, an amine oxide, a phytate, resorcinol monoacetate 117Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) or mixtures thereof; and wherein the transition metal salt and the at least further compound are present in a synergistically effective amount.

77. A composition having antimicrobial properties, the composition comprising a transition metal salt in combination with an antimicrobial compound, the antimicrobial compound comprising a dehydroacetic acid, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, wherein the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 50:1 to about 1:500 and wherein the mixture of the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound produce a synergistic effect.

78. A composition as defined in claim 77, wherein the composition further comprises at least one other antimicrobial compound, the at least one other antimicrobial compound comprises benzoic acid, sorbic acid, lactic acid, salicyclic acid, anisic acid, citric acid, phytic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, levulinic acid, gluconolactone, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, sodium phytate, resorcinol monoacetate, azelaic acid, kojic acid, propionic acid, itaconic acid, gluconolactic acid, hyaluronic acid, undecylenic acid, formic acid, propylene glycol caprylate, ethylene glycol caprylate, nonanoic acid, metipirox, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

79. A composition as defined in claim 78, wherein the transition metal salt is present in combination with the dehydroacetic acid and the at least one other antimicrobial compound at a weight ratio of from about 5:1:1 to about 1:1:

500.

80. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 79, wherein the transition metal salt comprises copper gluconate, silver gluconate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, silver sulfate, copper chloride, silver chloride, copper hydroxide, silver hydroxide, copper carbonate, silver carbonate, saccharomyces / copper ferment, copper tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu), copper bisglycinate, silver bisglycinate, copper PCA, silver PCA, copper citrate, silver citrate, copper glycine, silver glycine, copper benzoate, silver benzoate or mixtures thereof.

81. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 79, wherein the transition metal salt comprises copper gluconate. 118Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02) 82. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 80, wherein the transition metal salt and the dehydroacetic acid are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1:

200.

83. A composition as defined in claim 78, wherein the transition metal salt, the dehydroacetic acid, and the at least one other antimicrobial compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 20:1:1 to about 1:1:

200.

84. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 83, wherein the composition has a pH of from about 4 to about 9.

85. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 84, wherein the composition contains at least one of a solvent, a surfactant, a complexing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, an alkalinity builder, a pH adjusting agent, an auxiliary, an acid, a foaming agent, a colorant, a humectant, an emulsifier, a thickener, an antioxidant, a UV blocking agent, a wax, a natural extract, a fragrance, or an oil.

86. A personal care, home care or industrial formulation comprising a base composition combined with components having antimicrobial properties, the components comprising a transition metal salt and an antimicrobial compound, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, the antimicrobial compound comprising a dehydroacetic acid, wherein the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 50:1 to about 1:500 and wherein the mixture of the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound produce a synergistic effect, and wherein the transition metal salt is present in the personal care, home care or the industrial formulation in an amount of less than about 1500 ppm.

87. The personal or home care formulation of claim 86, wherein the formulation comprises a color cosmetic product, a deodorant product, a hair care product, an oral care product, a skin care product, a bathing product, a sun care product, a fabric care product, a dish wash liquid product, a fragrance preparation, a hard surface cleaning product, a toilet care product, or a premoistened wipe.

88. The industrial formulation of claim 86, wherein the formulation comprises paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mineral slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations. 119Attorney Docket No.: ARXPC-448-P3 (LP3746USP02)82. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 80, wherein the transition metal salt and the dehydroacetic acid are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :200.

83. A composition as defined in claim 78, wherein the transition metal salt, the dehydroacetic acid, and the at least one other antimicrobial compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 20:1 :1 to about 1 :1 :200.

84. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 83, wherein the composition has a pH of from about 4 to about 9.

85. A composition as defined in any of claims 77 through 84, wherein the composition contains at least one of a solvent, a surfactant, a complexing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, an alkalinity builder, a pH adjusting agent, an auxiliary, an acid, a foaming agent, a colorant, a humectant, an emulsifier, a thickener, an antioxidant, a UV blocking agent, a wax, a natural extract, a fragrance, or an oil.

86. A personal care, home care or industrial formulation comprising a base composition combined with components having antimicrobial properties, the components comprising a transition metal salt and an antimicrobial compound, the transition metal salt including a transition metal comprising silver or copper, the antimicrobial compound comprising a dehydroacetic acid, wherein the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound are present in the composition at a weight ratio of from about 50: 1 to about 1 :500 and wherein the mixture of the transition metal salt and the antimicrobial compound produce a synergistic effect, and wherein the transition metal salt is present in the personal care, home care or the industrial formulation in an amount of less than about 1500 ppm.

87. The personal or home care formulation of claim 86, wherein the formulation comprises a color cosmetic product, a deodorant product, a hair care product, an oral care product, a skin care product, a bathing product, a sun care product, a fabric care product, a dish wash liquid product, a fragrance preparation, a hard surface cleaning product, a toilet care product, or a premoistened wipe.

88. The industrial formulation of claim 86, wherein the formulation comprises paints, coatings, varnishes, sealing compositions, leather auxiliaries, paper coating agents, plasters, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mineral slurries, pigment dispersions, pigment slurries, concrete, polymer emulsions, polymer dispersions, inks, sizes, or agricultural pesticide formulations.

Images