Electrode plate assembly for electrolytic unit, electrolytic unit and electrolytic stack

Abstract

The present application provides an electrode plate assembly for an electrolytic unit, comprising: an electrode plate having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the electrode plate being provided with a first recess for receiving a fluid; a cover plate having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the cover plate facing the first side of the electrode plate, the second side of the cover plate being configured to support an exchange membrane of the electrolytic unit; and an electrode layer being arranged between the electrode plate and the cover plate so that the electrode layer maintains a predetermined distance from the exchange membrane, wherein the electrode plate is further provided with an input channel for inputting the fluid into the first recess, and the cover plate covers the input channel and the electrode layer. The present application further provides an electrolytic unit comprising the above-mentioned electrode plate assembly and an electrolytic stack.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Electrode Plate Assembly for Electrolytic Unit, Electrolytic Unit and Electrolytic Stack

[0003] Technical field

[0004] The present application relates to the field of electrochemical cells, and in particular to an electrode plate assembly for an electrolytic unit, an electrolytic unit comprising the electrode plate assembly, and an electrolytic stack comprising the electrolytic unit.

[0005] Background

[0006] With the development of new energy technologies, hydrogen energy has garnered increasing attention as a centralized renewable energy carrier. Its characteristics, such as zero pollution, high energy content, and diverse sources, contribute to its appeal. Currently, there are several methods for producing hydrogen, with the use of electrolytic stacks emerging as a research hotspot in the field. Consequently, electrolytic stacks have become essential equipment for hydrogen production.

[0007] The electrolytic stack typically comprises a plurality of electrolytic units stacked together, an end plate for securing the plurality of electrolytic units together, and pipes and lines for supplying water (or alkaline solutions), power or coolants to the plurality of electrolytic units, etc. Each electrolytic unit generally comprises an anode plate, an anode porous transport layer, an anode electrode layer (which comprises an anode catalyst), an exchange membrane (such as a proton exchange membrane [PEM], an anion exchange membrane [AEM] or a separator), a cathode electrode layer (comprising a cathode catalyst), a cathode porous transport layer, and a cathode plate that are stacked in sequence. The anode and cathode plates can be configured as bipolar or monopolar plates, and are often referred to simply as plates.

[0008] In existing electrolytic units, porous materials — such as foam, mesh, or felt — are commonly used as electrodes and porous transport layers. However, these porous materials can exhibit incomplete contact at the electrode layer-plate interface, causing high ohmic losses. Additionally, sharp surface areas of the porous materials may contact and puncture the exchange membrane. Such membrane perforations can result in hydrogen permeation or leakage, thereby reducing hydrogen production efficiency and increasing the risk of explosion.

[0009] Moreover, in existing electrolytic units, water or alkaline solutions flow directly into the electrode layer through the channels in the electrode plate, washing away the catalyst within the electrode layer. This can lead to catalyst shedding and decrease both stability and durability of catalyst.

[0010] Furthermore, during the manufacturing process, assembling a plurality of individual components of an electrolytic unit is time-consuming and susceptible to assembly errors such as misalignment, deformation, and excessive stress. This leads to low production efficiency and increases the risk of quality issues.

[0011] Therefore, improvements are needed in existing electrolytic stacks and electrolytic units thereof to enhance their safety, stability, and ease of assembly and maintenance.

[0012] Summary of the Invention

[0013] The object of the present application is to provide an improved electrode plate assembly for an electrolytic unit, an electrolytic unit comprising the electrode plate assembly, and an electrolytic stack comprising the electrolytic unit, so as to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0014] To this end, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrode plate assembly for an electrolytic unit, comprising: an electrode plate having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the electrode plate being provided with a first recess for receiving a fluid; a cover plate having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the cover plate facing the first side of the electrode plate, the second side of the cover plate being configured to support an exchange membrane of the electrolytic unit; and an electrode layer being arranged between the electrode plate and the cover plate so that the electrode layer maintains a predetermined distance from the exchange membrane, wherein the electrode plate is further provided with an input channel for inputting the fluid into the first recess, and the cover plate covers the input channel and the electrode layer.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrolytic unit, comprising: an exchange membrane; and an anode plate assembly and a cathode plate assembly respectively arranged on both sides of the exchange membrane, wherein the anode plate assembly and the cathode plate assembly are configured as the electrode plate assembly described above.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrolytic stack, comprising: a plurality of electrolytic units as described above arranged adjacently; and a first end plate and a second end plate configured to clamp and secure the plurality of electrolytic units together.

[0017] The electrode plate and cover plate of the electrode plate assembly of the present application define a space for accommodating the electrode layer, so that a predetermined distance or gap is maintained between the electrode layer and the exchange membrane to avoid damage to the exchange membrane. In the case of a porous transport layer, the cover plate also covers the electrode layer and the porous transport layer, maintains the flatness of the electrode layer and the porous transport layer and ensures sufficient electrical contact between the electrode layer and the porous transport layer and the electrode plate, and also covers the input channel for conveying fluid and supports the sealing member (therefore, no additional support plate is required) to prevent the sealing member from deforming and entering the channel of the electrode plate and affecting the flow of water or alkaline solutions. Moreover, water or alkaline solutions can flow directly through the channel in the electrode plate to the underside of the electrode layer, rather than directly flushing the electrode layer. This helps reduce the impact of water or alkaline solutions on the catalyst within the electrode layer, ensuring the stability and durability of the catalyst. Furthermore, the electrode plate, cover plate, electrode layer, and porous transport layer may be welded together to form an integrated component, further ensuring strong electrical contact between the electrode layer and porous transport layer and the electrode plate. This also facilitates assembly and disassembly of the electrolytic unit, improving the manufacturability, maintainability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the electrolytic unit and electrolytic stack.

[0018] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] The exemplary examples of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the examples described below are for the purpose of interpreting the present application only, and not for limiting the scope of the present application, in the appended drawings:

[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrolytic stack comprising an electrolytic unit according to an example of the present application;

[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an electrode plate assembly for the electrolytic unit shown in FIG. 1 according to an example of the present application;

[0022] FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are schematic cross-sectional views of the electrode plate assembly taken along lines A-A, B-B, and C-C in FIG. 2, respectively. FIGS. 4 and 5 also illustrate the exchange membrane of the electrolytic unit;

[0023] FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of an electrode plate of the electrode plate assembly shown in FIG. 2 according to an example of the present application;

[0024] FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 are schematic cross-sectional views of the electrode plate taken along lines A -A', B'-B', and C'-C' in FIG. 6, respectively;

[0025] FIG. 10 is a schematic bottom view of a cover plate of the electrode plate assembly shown in FIG. 2 according to an example of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cover plate taken along line D-D in FIG. 10;

[0027] FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of a sealing member that may be included in the electrode plate assembly shown in FIG. 2 according to an example of the present application.

[0028] Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0029] Preferred examples of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. Those skilled in the art will understand that these exemplary examples do not imply any limitation to the present application. Furthermore, features in the examples of this application may be combined with each other, provided there is no conflict. In the various drawings, the same components are indicated by the same reference signs, and other components are omitted for simplicity. However, this does not mean that the electrode plate assembly, electrolytic unit and electrolytic stack of the present application may not comprise other components or modules. It should be understood that the dimensions, proportional relationships, and number of components shown in the drawings are not to be considered as limitations on the present application.

[0030] An electrolytic stack according to an example of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1 , an electrolytic stack 300 comprises a plurality of electrolytic units 200 arranged adjacently (only two electrolytic units are shown in FIG. 1 as an example), and a first end plate 310 and a second end plate 320, respectively disposed at opposite ends of the plurality of electrolytic units 200. The first end plate 310 and the second end plate 320 are configured to clamp and secure the plurality of electrolytic units 200 together. As shown in FIG. 1 , the first end plate 310 is provided with inlets 311 and 312 for supplying water (or other solutions, such as alkaline solutions) to the cathode and anode sides of the electrolytic unit 200, respectively; a coolant inlet 313 for supplying coolant to the coolant channel (not shown) of the electrolytic unit 200; a hydrogen outlet 314 for discharging hydrogen generated on the cathode side of the electrolytic unit 200; an oxygen outlet 315 for discharging oxygen (or other gases) generated on the anode side of the electrolytic unit 200; and a coolant outlet 316 for discharging coolant. It should be noted that the various ports described above may also be provided on the second end plate 320, or on both the first end plate 310 and the second end plate 320. Furthermore, the lines and pipes for supplying power, water (or other solutions), and coolant to the electrolytic unit 200 may adopt any other configurations and structures known in the art, and thus will not be described in detail herein.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 1 , the electrolytic unit 200 comprises an exchange membrane 130 and an anode plate assembly 110 and a cathode plate assembly 120 respectively disposed on both sides of the exchange membrane 130, wherein the anode plate assembly 110 and the cathode plate assembly 120 are configured as the electrode plate assembly 100 as will be described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 2.

[0032] In the electrolytic unit 200, the exchange membrane 130 may be a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or a diaphragm (used in conventional alkaline electrolyzers). The electrolytic unit 200 may be filled with water or alkaline solutions, etc., and the gases generated are not limited to hydrogen and oxygen. For example, in an electrolytic unit where the exchange membrane 130 is a proton exchange membrane, purified water may be filled, while in an electrolytic unit where the exchange membrane 130 is an anion exchange membrane, alkaline solutions (or purified water) may be filled. A sealing gasket 131 may be provided around the periphery of the exchange membrane 130 to easily form a secure attachment seal around the periphery of the exchange membrane 130. The sealing gasket 131 may be made of materials such as PVC, polycarbonate, ABS, silicone, polyurethane, etc., and may be integrally formed with the exchange membrane 130.

[0033] The electrode plate assembly 100 for an electrolytic unit of the present application will be described below with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 12. The electrode plate assembly 100 comprises an electrode plate 10, a cover plate 20, and an electrode layer 30 located between the electrode plate 10 and the cover plate 20.

[0034] The electrode plate 10 may be a stamped metal plate, a composite material plate, or the like. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the electrode plate 10 has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the first side of the electrode plate 10 is provided with a first recess 11 for receiving a fluid. The first recess 11 is used to receive a fluid (e.g., water or alkaline solutions) and defines an active area for the electrolysis reaction. A groove may be provided within the first recess 11 to allow fluid to flow within the groove (thus, the first recess 11 may be referred to as a flow field area), and the electrode layer 30 is supported on the groove. As shown in FIG. 6, an input channel 12 for inputting a fluid into the first recess 11 and an output channel 15 for discharging the fluid from the first recess 11 may be provided at the end (or side) of the electrode plate 10. Accordingly, the electrode plate 10 is also provided with an input port 14 for delivering the fluid to the input channel 12 and an output port 16 for discharging the fluid from the output channel 15, as shown in FIG. 9. It should be noted that in FIG. 2, only the input port 14 is shown to comprise three sub-ports, which are respectively used to supply water or alkaline solutions to the cathode side and the anode side of the electrolytic unit 200 and to supply coolant to the electrolytic unit 200. However, the present application is not limited thereto, and the electrode plate 10 may be provided with ports and channels of various structures and configurations.

[0035] It should be noted that although the electrode plate 10 is shown as a unipolar plate in the drawings of this application, it can be connected together to form a bipolar plate by, for example, welding or bonding, and the principles of this application are still applicable. In the case of forming a bipolar plate, a coolant channel may be formed between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

[0036] According to another example of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the electrode plate assembly 100 may further comprise a porous transport layer 40, the first recess 11 is configured to receive the porous transport layer 40, and the electrode layer 30 is supported on the porous transport layer 40. In this case, the first recess 11 may have a flat bottom surface without a groove formed therein to facilitate processing. As another example, when the electrode plate assembly 100 comprises the porous transport layer 40, a groove may also be formed in the first recess 11 to facilitate fluid flow.

[0037] The electrode layer 30 may be metal grids, metal foams, or other porous conductive materials (e.g., aluminum, nickel or alloys thereof, titanium or alloys thereof, stainless steel, carbon or graphite, etc.) that typically have a grid size or pore size less than 1 mm, in order to increase the area of contact with water, thereby increasing hydrogen production efficiency. The electrode layer 30 may comprise a catalyst, such as a platinum-, palladium-, or ruthenium-based catalyst. When the electrode layer 30 comes into contact with water or alkaline solutions, an electrochemical reaction occurs under the action of the catalyst. The porous transport layer 40 may employ a porous structure similar to that of electrode layer 30, such as a foam, mesh, or felt.

[0038] The cover plate 20 can also be a stamped metal plate, a composite material plate, etc., but can also be an insulating polymer material. As shown in FIGS. 2, 10, and 11 , the cover plate 20 has a first side and a second side opposite to each other. The first side of the cover plate 20 faces the first side of the electrode plate 10, and the second side of the cover plate 20 is configured to support the exchange membrane 130 of the electrolytic unit 200. When the electrode plate 10 and the cover plate 20 are stacked together, the electrode layer 30 is disposed between the electrode plate 10 and the cover plate 20. Due to the thickness of the cover plate 20, the electrode layer 30 maintains a predetermined distance from the exchange membrane 130, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Therefore, the sharp surface portions of the electrode layer 30 will not puncture the exchange membrane, thereby preventing hydrogen permeation or leakage, improving production efficiency and safety. By adjusting the thickness of the cover plate 20, the efficiency and performance between the exchange membrane 130 and the electrode layer 30 may be optimized, thereby achieving the desired effect.

[0039] As shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the cover plate 20 covers the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40, so the cover plate 20 may maintain the flatness of the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40, and improve the electrical contact between the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40 and the electrode plate 10. The cover plate 20 also covers the input channel 12. When the first side of the electrode plate 10 faces upward, the input channel 12 is located below the electrode layer 30. When water or alkaline solution enters the input channel 12, it will flow directly under the electrode layer 30 instead of directly flushing the electrode layer 30, as shown in FIG. 9. This may reduce the flushing of the catalyst in the electrode layer 30 and prevent the catalyst from shedding, thereby maintaining the stability and durability of the catalyst. Similarly, the cover plate 20 may also cover the output channel 15.

[0040] As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 10, and 11 , a first side of the cover plate 20 is provided with a cover plate recess 21 for receiving the electrode layer 30, and a second side of the cover plate 20 is provided with an opening 22 that communicates with the cover plate recess 21. Thus, when the cover plate 20 is stacked on the electrode plate 10, the electrode layer 30 is accommodated in the cover plate recess 21 , preventing the electrode layer 30 from contacting the exchange membrane 130. The opening 22 allows hydrogen ions generated by the reaction to pass through the exchange membrane 130.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 10, according to an example of the present application, the cover plate 20 may comprise an outer edge portion 23 surrounding the periphery of the cover plate 20, an inner edge portion 24 located inside the outer edge portion 23, and a side wall portion 25 connecting the outer edge portion 23 and the inner edge portion 24, and the inner edge portion 24 and the side wall portion 25 define the cover plate recess 21. However, the present application is not limited to the specific structure of the cover plate described and shown. For example, in the case where the first recess 11 of the electrode plate 10 is sufficient to accommodate the electrode layer 30, the cover plate 20 may be a flat plate with an opening 22 without a cover plate recess 21 . In addition, the outer edge portion 23 of the cover plate 20 may have various heights to form a step with the inner edge portion 24, but may also be flush with the inner edge portion 24.

[0042] When the outer dimensions of the outer edge portion 23 are smaller than the outer dimensions of the electrode plate 10, the first side of the electrode plate 10 may be further provided with a second recess 13 located outside the first recess 11. The second recess 13 is configured to receive the outer edge portion 23 of the cover plate 20. As another exemplary example, the outer dimensions of the outer edge portion 23 may be the same as the outer dimensions of the electrode plate 10. In this case, the electrode plate 10 may not be provided with the second recess 13. As shown in FIG. 11 , when the outer edge portion 23 is received in the second recess 13, the outer edge portion 23 may be aligned with the first side of the electrode plate 10 to facilitate the placement of the sealing member 50 (described below with reference to FIG. 12), as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5.

[0043] To further improve the electrical contact between the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40 and the electrode plate 10, and to maintain better flatness of the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40, the outer edge portion 23 may be welded to the first side of the electrode plate 10, as shown by the first weld line 18 in FIG. 2. In this way, the electrode plate assembly 100 is formed as an integrated component. Therefore, during the manufacturing process of the electrolytic unit 200, the more fragile and flexible exchange membrane 130 may be manufactured separately from the more robust and rigid electrode plate assembly 100, so that different processes and precision can be adopted according to different characteristics. Further, the electrode plate assembly 100 formed as an integrated component may have greater rigidity than each component contained therein, and thus be more easily manipulated in assembly. Because the electrode plate assembly 100 is formed as an integrated component, it is easier to disassemble, replace, and reassemble. Therefore, according to the technical solution of the present application, the manufacturability, maintainability, and reliability of the electrolytic unit and electrolytic stack can be improved, and it has significant cost-effectiveness. It should be noted that the terms “integral” and “integrated” used herein mean that at least two components are connected or integrated into a whole in a manner that cannot be detached without destroying either component.

[0044] In addition, to further improve the electrical contact between the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40 and the electrode plate 10, the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer may also be welded to the electrode plate 10, for example, the electrode layer 30 and the porous transport layer 40 may be welded to the electrode plate 10 at a position overlapping with the first recess 11 , as shown in the second weld line 19 of FIG. 2. It should be understood that, in the absence of the porous transport layer 40, only the electrode layer 30 may be welded to the electrode plate 10.

[0045] As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the electrode plate assembly 100 may also comprise a sealing member 50 which is disposed on the second side of the cover plate 20. Due to the support provided by the cover plate 20, the sealing member 50 does not bend and enter the input channel 12, thereby preventing it from interfering with fluid flow. It should be noted that for simplicity, the sealing member 50 is omitted in FIG. 2, but is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. The sealing member 50 may be injection molded from any of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, or chloroprene rubber, and is formed at the outer edge portion 23 of the cover plate 20. The sealing member 50 may be provided with a port portion that communicates with the aforementioned ports for supplying water and coolant to the electrolytic unit 200. As shown in FIG. 12, the sealing member 50 may comprise an input port portion 51 and an output port portion 52, and an opening portion 53 located between the input port portion 51 and the output port portion 52. The input port portion 51 corresponds to the input port 14 of the electrode plate 10, the output port portion 52 corresponds to the output port 16 of the electrode plate 10, and the opening portion 53 corresponds to the first recess 11 of the electrode plate 10.

[0046] When assembling the electrolytic unit 200, two electrode plate assemblies may be provided, one of which is an anode plate assembly comprising an anode electrode layer, and the other is a cathode plate assembly comprising a cathode electrode layer. The exchange membrane 130 is then sandwiched between the two electrode plate assemblies to complete the assembly of the electrolytic unit 200.

[0047] When assembling the electrolytic stack 300, a plurality of electrolytic units 200 may be arranged adjacent to each other. The adjacently arranged electrolytic units 200 are then clamped together by the first end plate 310 and the second end plate 320 to form a plurality of electrolytic chambers within the electrolytic stack 300. Furthermore, the electrolytic stack 300 may further comprise, for example, a housing, a power supply, a control device, and the like.

[0048] According to the various examples of the present application, the exchange membrane of the electrolytic unit can be kept at a certain distance from the electrode layer through the electrode plate assembly, and the flatness of the electrode layer and the porous transport layer can be ensured, thereby improving the electrical contact between the electrode layer and the porous transport layer and the electrode plate, and can be formed into an integrated component, thereby facilitating the manufacture and subsequent maintenance of the electrolytic unit and the electrolytic stack.

[0049] The present application has been described in detail in conjunction with specific examples. It is evident that the above description and the examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings are to be understood as exemplary and not as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit of the present application, and such modifications or alterations are not to be excluded from the scope of the present application.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . An electrode plate assembly (100) for an electrolytic unit (200), comprising: an electrode plate (10) having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the electrode plate (10) being provided with a first recess (11) for receiving a fluid; a cover plate (20) having a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side of the cover plate (20) facing the first side of the electrode plate (10), the second side of the cover plate (20) being configured to support an exchange membrane (130) of the electrolytic unit (200); and an electrode layer (30) being provided between the electrode plate (10) and the cover plate (20) such that the electrode layer (30) maintains a predetermined distance from the exchange membrane (130), wherein the electrode plate (10) is further provided with an input channel (12) for inputting the fluid into the first recess (11), and the cover plate (20) covers the input channel (12) and the electrode layer (30).

2. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 , wherein the input channel (12) is located below the electrode layer (30) when the first side of the electrode plate (10) faces upward.

3. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrode plate assembly (100) further comprises a porous transport layer (40), the first recess (11) is configured to receive the porous transport layer (40), and the electrode layer (30) is supported on the porous transport layer (40).

4. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first recess (11) is provided with a groove, the fluid flows in the groove, and the electrode layer (30) is supported on the groove.

5. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 , wherein a first side of the cover plate (20) is provided with a cover plate recess (21) for receiving the electrode layer (30), and a second side of the cover plate (20) is provided with an opening (22) communicating with the cover plate recess (21).

6. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 5, wherein the cover plate (20) comprises an outer edge portion (23) surrounding the periphery of the cover plate (20), an inner edge portion (24) located on the inner side of the outer edge portion (23), and a side wall portion (25) connecting the outer edge portion (23) and the inner edge portion (24), wherein the inner edge portion (24) and the side wall portion (25) define the cover plate recess (21).

7. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 6, wherein the first side of the electrode plate (10) further comprises a second recess (13) located outside the first recess (11), the second recess (13) being configured to receive the outer edge portion (23) of the cover plate (20).

8. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 7, wherein when the outer edge portion (23) is received in the second recess (13), the outer edge portion (23) is aligned with the first side of the electrode plate (10).

9. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 6, wherein: the outer edge portion (23) has the same outer dimensions as the electrode plate (10); and / or the outer edge portion (23) is welded to the first side of the electrode plate (10).

10. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode plate assembly (100) further comprises a sealing member (50), the sealing member (50) being disposed on the second side of the cover plate (20).

11. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 3, wherein the electrode layer (30) and the porous transport layer (40) are welded to the electrode plate (10) at a position overlapping the first recess (11).

12. The electrode plate assembly (100) according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode layer (30) is a porous material and contains a catalyst.

13. An electrolytic unit (200), comprising: an exchange membrane (130); and an anode plate assembly (110) and a cathode plate assembly (120) respectively arranged on both sides of the exchange membrane (130), wherein the anode plate assembly (110) and the cathode plate assembly (120) are configured as the electrode plate assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. An electrolytic stack (300) comprising: a plurality of electrolytic units (200) according to claim 13 arranged adjacent to each other; and a first end plate (310) and a second end plate (320) configured to clamp and secure the plurality of electrolytic units (200) together.

Images