System for capturing hydraulic gravitational energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a system that harnesses hydraulic gravitational energy by using the pressure exerted by a liquid column on several pistons in a hydraulic motor that is submerged at the bottom of a tank. The tank is divided into two chambers, a water chamber and an oil chamber, by an elastic membrane, thus allowing pressure to be transmitted between the two. Some pistons can be disassembled, making it possible to modify their exposed area, unbalance the system and thus generate movement and torque in the crankshaft. These pistons are reassembled using hydraulic cylinders controlled by a PLC. The system also incorporates gears, oil drainage valves and a transmission mechanism for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The system can operate using solar energy or other clean sources, and is optimised to minimise losses and maximise energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Description Title of the invention

[0001] SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING GRAVITATIONAL HYDRAULIC ENERGY Technical sector

[0002] The present invention applies to the field of clean energy. Specifically, the present invention relates to a system for capturing gravitational hydraulic energy exerted by the height of a liquid column acting on a plurality of pistons arranged in a hydraulic motor submerged in the lower, inner portion of a tank. At least one of the pistons is composed of detachable parts, designed to vary or modify its area exposed to pressure and disrupt the system's equilibrium. These detachable parts have a larger upper surface area than an adjacent piston. Previous technique

[0003] Clean energy sources are those that do not generate pollutants, promoting a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy model. These energy sources play a crucial role in combating climate change, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and improving quality of life. The main clean energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass.

[0004] Solar energy is one of the most promising sources. Photovoltaic solar panels convert solar radiation into usable electricity. In addition, other technologies exist, such as solar thermal energy, which captures the sun's heat to produce steam and generate electricity. This type of energy is abundant, renewable, and accessible to virtually any region of the world. However, its performance depends on factors such as geographic location, weather conditions, and the efficiency of the installed systems.

[0005] Wind energy is obtained using wind turbines that transform the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. It is one of the clean energy sources that has Wind energy has experienced significant growth in recent decades due to its efficiency and cost reduction. Wind farms can be onshore or offshore, depending on their location, and their environmental impact is minimal compared to other energy sources. However, one of their challenges is wind variability, which can affect electricity production.

[0006] Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is generated by harnessing the potential energy of water stored in reservoirs or rivers to move turbines and produce electricity. It is a stable and reliable energy source, with the advantage of being able to adjust to electricity demand. Although it is a renewable source, the construction of large dams can have a considerable environmental impact, such as the alteration of aquatic ecosystems and interference with species migration.

[0007] Geothermal energy is obtained by harnessing the heat stored inside the Earth. Geothermal power plants extract this heat through boreholes in the ground to generate steam, which is then used to power turbines and generate electricity. It is a clean and constant energy source, as the Earth's heat is inexhaustible on a human timescale. However, its viability is limited to regions with high geothermal activity, such as volcanic areas.

[0008] Biomass refers to the use of organic matter, such as agricultural, forestry, or urban waste, to produce energy. This type of energy can be transformed into electricity, heat, or biofuels. Although it emits CO2 during combustion, it is considered carbon neutral, since the plants previously absorbed that CO2 during their growth. It is a versatile and useful energy source for waste management, although its production must be sustainable to avoid harming biodiversity or competing with food production.

[0009] In the state of the art, several attempts have been made to capture wave energy using hydraulic motors. Specifically, document DE102005058100B3 discloses a piston machine, such as a pump or motor, that has a head rotor connected to a piston rod. The head rotor is rotaryly driven outside a cylinder. The cylinder has two openings connected to channels. A flow guide in a cover, arranged on the cylinder, is achieved by rotating the rotor head alternately to one side of the rotor head. The two openings are connected with inlet channels to one inlet and with outlet channels to the other, thus forming alternate inlet and outlet valves for the cylinder.

[0010] Document CL201403559, also published as EP2679832B1, discloses a device and method for harnessing hydrostatic energy, wherein the device comprises at least a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are at least partially filled with a fluid to provide a device and method for harnessing hydrostatic energy, such as static or hydrostatic pressure or head, to generate and supply energy, such as hydraulic energy, electrical energy, or mechanical energy, wherein a first piston is movably arranged within the first chamber and a second piston is movably arranged within the second chamber, wherein the first piston is mechanically or hydraulically connected to the second piston, wherein the first chamber comprises at least a first fluid inlet and / or outlet means and a second fluid inlet and / or outlet means.where the second chamber comprises at least a third means for fluid inlet and / or outlet and a fourth means for fluid inlet and / or outlet.

[0011] Document KR20060032224A discloses a hydraulically pressurized power generator. This generator is equipped with a cylinder submerged in water beneath a natural lake, artificial lake, or sea, and includes a buoyancy cylinder. The device harnesses energy generated by water pressure through the inflow and outflow of water via a valve, driven by a piston. The cylinder is installed at maximum depth to maximize water pressure generation underwater in the artificial or natural body of water. A series of pistons and cylinders, driven by a connecting rod and crankshaft, provide one or more sets of components to generate rotational power.

[0012] US patent 4083186 discloses an apparatus for converting static energy into useful kinetic energy comprising, in combination: (a) pump means connected to a motor for driving the same; (b) a plurality of motors fluid connected to the pumps to drive the pumps; and (c) delivery means associated with the motors for transferring an operating fluid to and between the motors to drive the motors, each of the motor fluids in combination: (1) a vessel having an upper and a lower portion and extending vertically between them; and (2) a float disposed in the vessel for vertical movement therein, the float being provided with a recess opening towards the upper portion of the vessel, the pumping means being connected to the float to be driven by the movement of the float within the vessel.

[0013] US Patent 8584461 discloses an apparatus suitable for generating power in an aquatic environment. A preferred embodiment has at least two assemblies of water pistons connected to a power transfer system, such as a crankshaft or rack and pinion mechanism. Each assembly of water pistons has a water reservoir that slides within a housing. The housing controls the presence of water within the piston assemblies through a system of doors that open and close to facilitate the entry and exit of water into and from the water reservoir. Additionally, the water reservoir has ports that allow water to drain from the reservoir to a water outlet assembly. The water is then preferably channeled to a generator or turbine that converts the kinetic energy of the flowing water into electrical energy.

[0014] Document CL202300214 discloses a mechanical underwater pressure engine, equipped with means such as pistons, cylinders, and a crankshaft to achieve rotational movement by harnessing the planet's gravitational energy expressed as the pressure of a water column, to then generate the maximum kinetic energy and transform it into electrical energy, characterized in that said mechanical underwater pressure engine is comprised of at least a watertight capsule-shaped casing, inside which is the kinetic energy capture mechanism or system: provided with an engine block of at least one set or assembly of upper pistons, a detachable piston, and a lower piston of larger diameter, and upper and lower connecting rods, connecting the parallel pistons and the lower piston; a transmission crankshaft kinetic energy collector, a speed multiplier gearbox, a flywheel, or an electric generator or neodymium generator.

[0015] None of the prior art documents disclose a system for capturing gravitational hydraulic energy, exerted by the pressure of the height of a liquid column acting on a plurality of pistons arranged in a hydraulic motor that is submerged in the lower and inner portion of a tank with two chambers, a first water chamber and a second oil chamber in contact with the motor, both chambers being separated by an elastic membrane, where at least one of said pistons is composed of disassemblable parts in order to vary or modify its area exposed to pressure and break the equilibrium of the system and which have a larger upper surface than that of an adjacent piston, where the reassembly of the disassemblable pistons is carried out by means of hydraulic cylinders whose operation is controlled and synchronized by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Brief description of the invention

[0016] The present invention relates to a system for capturing gravitational hydraulic energy, exerted by the pressure of the height of the column of a liquid acting on the upper surface of a plurality of pistons arranged inside the cylinders of an engine block and which are submerged in the lower and inner portion of a tank with water and oil, at least one of said pistons being composed of disassemblable parts that change its working area or surface.

[0017] Figure 1 illustrates the basic operating principle of the system of the present invention. In this figure, a one-piece piston (1) and a detachable piston (2) are shown, the latter consisting of two parts: an elongated inner cylinder (3) and a ring (4) surrounding the upper portion of the elongated inner cylinder (3). The upper surface of both pistons (1, 2) is subjected to the weight of a column of liquid, such as a column of water. The upper surface area of ​​the detachable piston (2) is larger than the upper surface area of ​​the one-piece piston (1).

[0018] When hydrostatic pressure is applied to the upper surfaces of the pistons (1, 2), the one with the larger surface area, corresponding to the removable piston (2), moves down due to the greater hydrostatic pressure relative to the one-piece piston (1), which has a smaller surface area. This causes the connecting rod (5) to rise and pivot on a crankshaft (6) with a shaft (7), causing the shaft to rotate 180° during the upward movement. The elongated inner cylinder (3), located in the lower position, disengages from the ring (4) and begins to rise because the upper surface area of ​​the one-piece piston (1) now has a larger surface area than the upper surface area of ​​the elongated inner cylinder (3). With this action, the crankshaft shaft (7) completes another 180-degree rotation, thus completing a total cycle of 360 degrees.In order for the ring (4) of the disassemblable piston (2) to rise and rejoin with the elongated inner cylinder (3), the system has hydraulic cylinders (8) connected to the lower part of the ring (4) and which are activated to extend in such a way that their rod (8a) raises the ring (4) and reaches the maximum upper position thereby reassembling the disassemblable piston (2) and is in position and condition to start a new cycle.

[0019] Figure 2 shows one possible embodiment of the gravitational energy capture system of the present invention. The system comprises a tank (9) with a lid (10) at its upper end. The lid has a projection (11) on its underside that fits into a central cavity of a lid support (12), increasing the water column pressure due to the weight of the lid (10). An elastic membrane (14) is located in the lower middle portion of the tank (9), attached to the inner wall by a gasket (13) secured with screws (22) (Figure 3). This elastic membrane (14) has a gap (21) to allow it to deform and accommodate the volume differences between the two chambers caused by the piston movements. This elastic membrane (14) divides the tank into two chambers: a first chamber (19) and a second chamber (20).Using the elastic membrane (14), the first chamber (19) with water transmits the water column pressure to the second chamber (20) of oil.

[0020] In the lower zone (15) of the second oil chamber (20) there is a plurality of pistons, at least one of which is a detachable piston (2) that allows generating a difference in area in the system which causes it to break The balance of work and the generation of torque with respect to the one-piece pistons (1). The use of oil in the second chamber (20) prevents leaks due to its higher viscosity, also protecting the moving parts from wear and oxidation.

[0021] Figure 2 also shows a block (17) located in the lower area (15), which has a plurality of cavities or cylinders (35) (Figure 3) housing the plurality of pistons. Each piston of this plurality of pistons is connected to a connecting rod (5) which pivots on a crankshaft (6) that has a shaft (7), causing it to rotate 360°, thereby generating mechanical energy that can be used to transform it into electrical energy.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2, between a pair of first one-piece pistons (1) arranged in the upper position, there is a first type of disassemblable piston (16) in the lower position. This first type of disassemblable piston (16) is composed of three parts. A central part consisting of an elongated rectangular block (25) has, on one side, a first lateral movable part consisting of a first movable semicylinder (23) and, on the other side, a second lateral movable part consisting of a second movable semicylinder (24). Both movable semicylinders (23, 24) slide on the outer faces of the elongated rectangular block (25).

[0023] Between the pair of second one-piece pistons (1) arranged in the lower position, there is a second type of disassemblable piston (2) in the upper position. This second type of disassemblable piston (2) is composed of two parts. A first central part consisting of an elongated inner cylinder (3) and a second outer part consisting of a ring (4) that surrounds the upper portion of said elongated inner cylinder (3).

[0024] Both detachable pistons (2, 16) are connected to hydraulic cylinders (FIG. 12, numbers 8 and 8a) that allow the reassembly of said pistons during the stroke to the upper position.

[0025] Likewise, on the crankshaft (6) axis (7) and under the removable pistons (2, 16) there are connected gear trains (18) that allow moving a shaft that is synchronized with the oil relief valve that releases the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (FIG. 12, numbers 8 and 8a) during the lowering of the detachable pistons (2, 16).

[0026] Figures 4 and 5 describe a first type of disassemblable piston (16). This disassemblable piston (16) is composed of three parts. A central part consisting of an elongated rectangular block (25) which has on one side a first movable lateral part consisting of a first movable semicylinder (23) and on the other side a second movable lateral part consisting of a second movable semicylinder (24). Both movable semicylinders (23, 24) slide on the outer faces of the elongated rectangular block (25).

[0027] The elongated rectangular block (25) has flat side faces (27) extending to the lower portion (32). The flat side faces (27) have vertical grooves (28) that serve as guides for sliding internal retaining projections (30) located on the flat inner face of the movable semicylinders (23, 24). This lower portion (32) has an opening (26) for the connecting rod (5) that connects to the crankshaft (6), which has a shaft (7). The curved outer faces of the movable semicylinders (23, 24) have external retaining projections (29) that fit into vertical grooves (36) in the cylinder (Figure 9). The perimeter of the elongated rectangular block (25) and of the movable semicylinders (23, 24) has at its top a first perimeter groove (34) intended to house the compression rings (not shown).The perimeter of the elongated rectangular block (25) and of the movable semi-cylinders (23, 24) has at its lower part a second perimeter groove (33) intended to house the impurity retention rings (not shown).

[0028] In the upper portion of the flat side faces (27) of the elongated rectangular block (25) there is a horizontal groove (31) which serves as a lock for the movement of the movable semi-cylinders (23, 24) when they reach the upper position, so that then the assembly of the elongated rectangular block (25) and the movable semi-cylinders (23, 24) begin the downward stroke due to hydrostatic pressure.

[0029] Figures 6 to 8 schematically show the path of the disassemblable piston (16) from the upper position to the lower position, which is The cycle is performed in three stages. In stage 1, the detachable piston (16) is in the upper position and assembled with its elongated rectangular block (25) and the movable semicylinders (23, 24). In stage 2, the detachable piston (16) is in the lower position of its stroke and assembled with its elongated rectangular block (25) and the movable semicylinders (23, 24). In stage 3, the detachable piston (16) is disassembled, with the elongated rectangular block (25) in the upper position and the movable semicylinders (23, 24) in the lower position, waiting to be raised by the hydraulic cylinders (not shown) to the upper position, before starting the cycle again.

[0030] As shown in Figure 10, the gear train (18) is connected to the crankshaft (6) shaft (7). One of the gears in the gear train (18) is connected to an output shaft (37) that is synchronized with the pump used for venting the bottom of the cylinder of the removable piston through the bore (38).

[0031] A second type of detachable piston is shown in Figure 11. In this type, the detachable piston (2) consists of an elongated inner cylinder (3) and a second part comprising a ring (4) that surrounds the upper portion of the elongated inner cylinder (3) and extends to the lower portion (44) to accommodate the ring's travel. The elongated inner cylinder (3) has a cavity (not shown) in its lower portion through which it is connected to the connecting rod (5), which in turn connects to the crankshaft (6). As shown in Figure 11, in one embodiment, this detachable piston (2) has at least one hydraulic cylinder (8) in its lower portion, with a rod (8a) that connects to the lower part of the ring (4). In another embodiment, the detachable piston (2) has at least one hydraulic cylinder (39) in its lower portion, with a telescopic rod (40).

[0032] Figures 12 to 14 schematically show the travel of the detachable piston (2) from the upper to the lower position, which occurs in three stages. In stage 1, the detachable piston (2) is in the upper position and assembled with its elongated inner cylinder (3) and ring (4). In stage 2, the detachable piston (2) is in the lower position of its travel and assembled with its elongated inner cylinder (3) and ring (4). In stage 3, the detachable piston (2) is disassembled, with the elongated inner cylinder (3) in The upper position and the ring (4) are in the lower position waiting to be raised by the hydraulic cylinders (8) with their respective rods (8a) until they reach the upper position, and then the cycle begins again.

[0033] A circular support plate (45) is connected to the upper ends of the hydraulic cylinders (8) from which the rods (8a) emerge and connect to the bottom of the ring (4).

[0034] The ring (4) has a first groove (41) on the upper part of its outer perimeter for the installation of a compression ring (not shown) and a second groove (43) on the lower part of its outer perimeter for the installation of a retaining ring (not shown). Also located on the outer face of the ring (4) are a plurality of retaining lugs (42) that engage with vertical grooves (not shown) in the cylinder (35), allowing alignment of the moving parts of the removable piston (2). The gear train (18) is connected to the shaft (7) of the crankshaft (6), where said gear train (18) is synchronized with the shaft of a pump that controls the venting of the lower part of the removable piston cylinder.

[0035] Figures 15 and 16 show an alternative design for the removable piston (2), which, as mentioned previously, consists of a first part comprising an elongated inner cylinder (3) and a second part comprising a ring (4) that surrounds said elongated cylinder (3). In this alternative design, the elongated inner cylinder (3) has a projection (67) towards its lower end, which has a groove (68) to accommodate the end of the connecting rod (5). The connecting rod has a lower hole (70) for the installation of the crankshaft (6). This design prevents the lower edges of the removable part from hitting and obstructing the movement of the removable piston (2).

[0036] Figures 17 to 20 show the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons (2, 16).

[0037] A photovoltaic module (46) is connected to a charge controller (47) that regulates the electrical charge of a battery (48). The charge controller (47) is connected to an inverter (49) that transforms the direct current into alternating current (50). This alternating current (50) powers an electric motor. (51) connected to a first continuously variable transmission (52) which is connected to a flywheel (53) and this, in turn, is connected to a second continuously variable transmission (54) which regulates the speed of a driving pulley (55), which, by means of a belt (57), transmits its rotation to a driven pulley (56) that rotates freely. The driven pulley (56) is fixed to its own axis of rotation by means of a first retaining ring (59) and a second retaining ring (60) located on each side of said driven pulley (56).

[0038] A ferromagnetic steel clutch (58) is engaged with the driven pulley (56) when an electromagnetic coil (62) is activated by the oil pressure differential in a hydraulic pump (63). When the oil pressure drops, a signal is sent to the electromagnetic coil (62) to activate it, generating an electromagnetic field that attracts the clutch (58) so that it engages with the driven pulley (56), causing the hydraulic pump shaft (63) to rotate and increase the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (8), thus arming the removable pistons (2) to the upper position of the cycle.

[0039] The hydraulic pump (63) is activated and the oil stored in the oil tank (66) flows into a conduit (64) to increase the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (8). A safety valve (65) is connected to the conduit (64) in case the pressure in the hydraulic system rises above the preset level.

[0040] The semi-submerged gravitational hydraulic mechanical motor can operate in different combinations of pistons, which can be in line, in a V, or opposed pistons, but it must always include at least one detachable piston that allows generating a difference in area in the piston head to break the balance in the working system of the pistons and generate torque.

[0041] The operation and synchronization of the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons (2, 16) is controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) not shown in the figures.

[0042] Although the electrical power supplied to the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons comes from solar energy, it is possible that this system be powered by other clean energy sources, such as wind power or similar. brief of the figures

[0043] The accompanying drawings included below are intended to provide a better understanding of the invention; they also form an integral part of this description and represent a preferred embodiment thereof.

[0044] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of two pistons of the present invention that illustrate the principle of their operation, one of them being made up of a single piece and the other made up of pieces that are assembled and disassembled during their travel inside the cylinders.

[0045] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the tank with the submerged pistons and cylinders, four of said pistons being made up of a single piece and two of them being made up of pieces that are disassembled and reassembled during their travel inside the cylinder.

[0046] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the pond used in the system of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 shows an exploded perspective view of a first type of disassemblable piston used in the system of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a first modality of disassemblable piston used in the system of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first disassemblable piston modality at time 1 of its stroke inside the cylinder.

[0050] Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first disassemblable piston modality at time 2 of its stroke inside the cylinder.

[0051] Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first disassemblable piston modality at time 3 of its stroke inside the cylinder.

[0052] Figure 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of the cylinder that houses the first type of detachable piston.

[0053] Figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the inside of the cylinder that houses the first type of piston, illustrating the hole for the oil drain when the piston starts its stroke towards the bottom of its travel.

[0054] Figure 11 shows a schematic view of a second modality of the disassemblable piston used in the system of the present invention, illustrating two types of hydraulic cylinders that are used in raising and assembling said piston.

[0055] Figure 12 shows a schematic view of the second disassemblable piston modality at time 1 of its stroke inside the cylinder, illustrating three hydraulic cylinders intended for the assembly of said piston.

[0056] Figure 13 shows a schematic view of the second disassemblable piston configuration at time 2 of its stroke inside the cylinder, polishing three hydraulic cylinders intended for the assembly of said piston.

[0057] Figure 14 shows a schematic view of the second disassemblable piston configuration at time 3 of its stroke inside the cylinder, polishing three hydraulic cylinders intended for the assembly of said piston.

[0058] Figure 15 shows a schematic top perspective view of the detachable piston having a joint on the connecting rod of said piston.

[0059] Figure 16 shows a schematic bottom perspective view of the detachable piston having a joint on the connecting rod of said piston.

[0060] Figure 17 shows a first stage of the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons.

[0061] Figure 18 shows a second stage of the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons.

[0062] Figure 19 shows a third stage of the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons.

[0063] Figure 20 shows a fourth stage of the hydraulic system for reassembling the disassemblable pistons.

Claims

Claims

1. A system for capturing gravitational hydraulic energy, exerted by the height of a liquid column acting on a plurality of pistons arranged in a hydraulic motor submerged in the lower, inner portion of a tank, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: - a tank (9) at the upper end of which there is a lid (10), in the lower middle portion of which there is an elastic membrane (14) attached to the inner wall of said tank (9) by means of a gasket (13), said elastic membrane (14) having a clearance (21) to deform; - said elastic membrane (14) divides the tank into two chambers, a first chamber (19) and a second chamber (20), where the first chamber (19) contains water that transmits the water column pressure to the second chamber (20) which contains oil; - having in the lower zone (15) of the second oil chamber (20) a plurality of pistons, at least one of them being a disassemblable piston (2, 16) that allows generating a difference in area with respect to the first and second one-piece pistons (1); - a block (17) located in the lower zone (15), which has a plurality of cavities or cylinders (35) where the plurality of pistons are housed, each piston of said plurality of pistons is connected to a connecting rod (5) which pivots on a crankshaft (6) which has an axis (7) causing its rotation in 360°; - wherein between a pair of first one-piece pistons (1) arranged in the upper position, there is a disassemblable piston in the lower position (16) which is composed of a central piece (25) and peripheral pieces (23, 24), wherein said peripheral pieces of the disassemblable piston (23, 24) have an upward movement by effect of at least one hydraulic cylinder (8) and its rod (8a), wherein said disassemblable piston (16) is composed of disassemblable parts in order to change or modify its exposed area pressure of the column of liquids, oil and water and break the balance of the system, which have a larger upper surface than the first one-piece pistons (1); - wherein between the pair of one-piece second pistons (1) arranged in the lower position, there is a detachable piston in the upper cycle restart position (2) which is composed of a central piece (3) and a peripheral piece (4), wherein said peripheral piece of the detachable piston (4) has a downward movement due to pressure release from at least one hydraulic cylinder (8); and its rod (8a) wherein said detachable piston (2) is composed of detachable parts in order to alter or modify its area exposed to pressure and break the equilibrium of the system so that together the plurality of pistons generates torque and movement in the crankshaft; and - where the crankshaft (6) and under the removable pistons (2, 16) are connected to gear trains (18) that allow a shaft to be moved which is synchronized with the oil drain valve that releases the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (8) during the descent of the removable pistons (2, 16).

2. A system for capturing gravitational hydraulic energy, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said disassemblable piston (16) is composed of three pieces, a central piece formed by an elongated rectangular block (25) which has on one side a first lateral movable piece formed by a first movable semicylinder (23) and on one side a second lateral movable piece formed by a second movable semicylinder (24), both movable semicylinders (23, 24) slide on the outer faces of the elongated rectangular block (25);

3. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that said first movable semi-cylinder (23) and said second movable semi-cylinder (24) are connected to hydraulic cylinders (8) to cause their elevation.

4. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said disassemblable piston (2) is composed of two pieces, a first central piece formed by an elongated inner cylinder (3) and a second outer piece composed of a ring (4) that surrounds the upper portion of said elongated inner cylinder (3).

5. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said second outer piece consisting of a ring (4) is connected to hydraulic cylinders (8) to cause its rise.

6. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to any of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the lid (10) of the tank (9) has on its lower face a protrusion (11) that is housed in a central cavity of a lid support (12) that allows the pressure of the water column to be increased by the effect of the weight of said lid (10).

7. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to any of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that said elastic membrane (14) attached to the inner wall of said tank (9) by means of a packing (13) using screws (22) for this purpose, assumes with its elasticity the differences in oil volumes of the chamber (20) caused by the rises and falls of the plurality of pistons.

8. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that said elongated rectangular block (25) has flat side faces (27) that extend to the lower portion (32), the flat side faces (27) having vertical grooves (28) that serve as guides for sliding inner support projections (30) located on the flat inner face of the movable semicylinders (23, 24).

9. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that said lower portion (32) has an opening (26) intended to house the connecting rod (5) that connects to the crankshaft (6).

10. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that said curved outer faces of the movable semicylinders (23, 24) have outer clamping projections (29) that fit into vertical grooves (36) of the cylinder.

11. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that the perimeter of the elongated rectangular block (25) and of the movable semicylinders (23, 24) has in its upper part a first perimeter groove (34) intended to house the compression rings.

12. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that the perimeter of the elongated rectangular block (25) and of the movable semicylinders (23, 24) has in its lower part a second perimeter groove (33) intended to house the impurity retention rings.

13. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that in the upper portion of the flat side faces (27) of the elongated rectangular block (25) there is a horizontal groove (31) which serves as a lock for the movement of the movable semi-cylinders (23, 24) when they reach the upper position, so that then the assembly of the elongated rectangular block (25) and the movable semi-cylinders (23, 24) begin the downward stroke due to hydrostatic pressure.

14. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said gear train (18) is connected to the shaft (7) of the crankshaft (6), wherein one of the gears of the gear train (18) is connected to an output shaft (37) that is synchronized with the pump used for draining the lower part of the cylinder of the disassemblable piston through the perforation (38).

15. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said elongated inner cylinder (3) has in the lower portion a cavity through which it is connected to the connecting rod (5) which in turn is connected to the crankshaft (6).

16. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said disassemblable piston (2) has in the lower portion at least a first hydraulic cylinder (8) with a rod (8a) that connects to the lower part of the ring (4).

17. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said disassemblable piston (2) has in the lower portion at least a second hydraulic cylinder (39) with a telescopic rod (40).

18. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED in that a circular support plate (45) is connected to the upper ends of the hydraulic cylinders (8) from which the rods (8a) emerge and are connected to the lower part of the ring (4).

19. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said ring (4) has on the upper part of the outer face perimeter a first groove (41) intended for the installation of a compression ring and, on the lower part of the perimeter of The outer face, a second groove (43) intended for the installation of an impurity retention ring.

20. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that on the outer face of the ring (4) there is a plurality of clamping projections (42) that fit with vertical grooves of the cylinder (35) that allow alignment in the movement of the moving parts of the disassemblable piston (2).

21. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to any of claims 1 to 20, CHARACTERIZED in that said elongated inner cylinder (3) of said detachable piston (2) has in the lower area a projection (67) which has a groove (68) to accommodate the end of the connecting rod (5), the latter having a lower perforation (70) for the installation of the crankshaft (6).

22. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to any of claims 1 to 21, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a photovoltaic module (46) connected to a charge regulator (47) that regulates the electrical charge of a data sheet (48), wherein said charge regulator (47) is connected to an inverter (49) that transforms direct current into alternating current (50), supplying this alternating current (50) to an electric motor (51) connected to a first continuously variable transmission box (52) which is connected to a flywheel (53) and, this in turn, is connected to a second continuously variable transmission box (54) that regulates the speed of a driving pulley (55), which by means of a belt (57) transmits its rotation to a driven pulley (56) that rotates freely, wherein the driven pulley (56) is fixed to its own axis of rotation by means of a first clamping ring (59) and a second clamping ring (60) located on each side of said driven pulley (56).

23. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED in that a ferromagnetic steel clutch (58) is connected to the driven pulley (56) when an electromagnetic coil (62) is activated by the effect of the oil pressure difference in a hydraulic pump (63), such that when the oil pressure drops, a signal is sent to the electromagnetic coil (62) to activate it, generating an electromagnetic field that attracts the clutch (58) so that it adheres to the driven pulley (56), causing the shaft of the hydraulic pump (63) to rotate, raising the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (8), so as to arm the disassemblable pistons (2) towards the upper position of the cycle.

24. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 23, CHARACTERIZED in that said hydraulic pump (63) is put into operation and the oil stored in the oil tank (66) passes to a conduit (64) to raise the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders (8).

25. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 23, CHARACTERIZED in that a safety valve (65) is connected to the conduit (64) in the event that the pressure in the hydraulic system rises above the preset level.

26. A system for capturing gravitational energy, according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED in that said flywheel (53) connected to a second continuously variable transmission box (54), maintains energy accumulated in its inertia to sustain the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder (8) that extends its rod (8a) in the process of reassembling the disassemblable pistons (2, 16).

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