A tag
A thin RFID transponder with a planar dielectric substrate and integrated circuit, coupled to a secondary antenna, addresses the complexity of existing RFID tags by providing ease of integration and robust performance in harsh conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CONFIDEX OY
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing RFID tags with helical coils have a thick and complicated structure, which poses challenges in terms of manufacturing complexity and integration with textiles and other materials.
A thin RFID transponder design featuring a planar dielectric substrate with a primary antenna and integrated circuit, coupled to a secondary antenna, which can be integrated into textiles or embedded in items like fabrics or moldings, using a secondary antenna that is either conductive yarn or formed through stitching or sewing, without additional fastening.
The design allows for easy and cost-effective manufacturing, resistance to harsh conditions, and optimized RF performance, enabling reliable reading of multiple tags with minimal interference.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130581_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A TAGFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a tag. The tag comprises an RFID tran-sponder having a secondary antenna. The RFID transponder comprises a pod that comprises a dielectric substrate that has a first surface, a second surface and an edge defining a shape of the dielectric substrate, a primary antenna and an inte-grated circuit on a chip coupled to the primary antenna.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] US 2019 / 0266468A1 discloses an RFID tag attachable to an article in use that includes an RFIC module including an RFIC chip and a helical coil con-nected to the RFIC chip, and an antenna member that is a threadlike conductor having a portion helically wound on the RFIC module around a winding axis ex-tending parallel to an extending direction of a coil axis of the helical coil.
[0003] One of the problems associated with the above RFID tag is that the hel-ical coil is built in multiple layers that leads to a thick and complicated structure.
[0004] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a tag so as to solve the above problem. The objects of the invention are achieved by a tag which is char-acterized by what is stated in the independent claim. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
[0006] The tag may be for use in connection with textiles. The tag is for use in connection with every kind of textiles, such as clothing or linen. The tag resists harsh conditions in industrial washing processes. The tag may have to resist tem-peratures up to 200℃ and pressures up to 60 bar (6 MPa) .
[0007] The tag may also have other uses besides the use in connection with textiles. The tag may be embedded e.g. in plastic or rubber moldings.
[0008] Generally speaking the tag may be integrated on an item or embedded in an item, such as a fabric, a film, or a moulding. Integrating on an item may mean attaching the tag to the item by stitching, sewing, or gluing. Embedding in the item may mean that the item is at least partially inside the item. In other words, the tag is targeted to be a part of the item throughout a lifecycle of the item. The tag may be an inseparable part of the item. Therefore, the tag is invisible or imperceptible.
[0009] The tag comprises an RFID transponder. The RFID transponder is usu-ally a passive RFID transponder, i.e. it does not have its own power source but is activated by an RFID reader. The RFID transponder is intended to function at the UHF frequency range, such as 860 –960 MHz. The RFID transponder comprises a substrate, a primary antenna, an integrated circuit on a chip and a secondary an-tenna. The entity comprising the substrate and functional parts on the substrate is called a pod in this text.
[0010] The substrate is a planar dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board. The thickness of the substrate may be from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, more pref-erably from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm and most preferably from 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm. The planar dielectric substrate may be e.g. FR4. The planar dielectric substrate has a first surface, a second surface and an edge defining a shape of the planar dielectric substrate.
[0011] The primary antenna has a first end and a second end. The primary an-tenna comprises electrically conductive upper arms on the first surface of the planar substrate, electrically conductive lower arms on the second surface of the planar substrate and electrically conductive via holes through the planar sub-strate. The electrically conductive upper arms on the first surface as well as the electrically conductive lower arms on the second surface may be formed e.g. by etching, printing, or electroplating. The electrically conductive via holes having two ends penetrate the planar dielectric substrate and join the upper and lower arms. The primary antenna proceeds in a longitudinal direction by penetrating through the substrate through one via hole, thereafter by passing via one conduc-tive arm on one surface of the substrate, thereafter penetrating the substrate through another via hole and thereafter proceeding on the other surface via an-other conductive arm.
[0012] The primary antenna may be an inductor having an inductance of 1 nH to 500 nH. Also other inductance ranges come into question.
[0013] The primary antenna forms a closed loop. The connection realizing the loop may be an electrically conductive lead formed e.g. by etching on the first sur-face or on the second surface. The electrically conductive lead joins the first end and the second end of the primary antenna. In practice, the electrically conductive lead joins ends of the first and last via holes of the primary antenna that are on the same surface, i.e. they are connectable by the lead formed on the surface of the substrate. Thus, all functional layers are formed around the planar dielectric substrate.
[0014] The integrated circuit may comprise, among others, information about a product to which it is attached. When the information is read, i.e. the integrated circuit is activated by the RFID reader, the properties of the product can be checked and see, for example, that the product is genuine.
[0015] The integrated circuit on the chip is coupled to the primary antenna. The integrated circuit may be wire bonded to the primary antenna. Soldering or flip-chip techniques may also come into question. Still another alternative is to use a technique that utilizes a redistribution layer (RDL) . The technique is applied during manufacturing the printed circuit board and it comprises forming a cavity in the substrate, placing the integrated circuit in the cavity, forming a bump by sputtering, laminating a copper layer on top of the integrated circuit and etching circuits. By using the RDL technique it is possible to achieve a totally embedded chip and an even surface for the pod.
[0016] The integrated circuit on the chip may be situated in respect of the primary antenna as desired. For example, the integrated circuit may be attached to the lead joining the ends of the primary antenna.
[0017] The structure described above has an advantage, among others, that the pod is thin. The thin pod is quite invisible but there are also other advantages. The RFID tags fastened to stacked textiles can be read with ease since interfer-ences between tags and impedance miss-matching can be minimized. Thus, a high number of tags can be read quickly.
[0018] The pod is thin and small because there is only the planar substrate that bears the primary antenna and the integrated circuit and no other layers are required for forming the primary antenna. A solder mask or some other non-conductive coating is applied on both sides of the pod for protecting the primary antenna and the integrated circuit. The solder mask is a thin polymeric lacquer-like layer. The solder mask may be e.g. of epoxy. The pod may have a thickness that is from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, more preferably from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm and most preferably 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm because the non-conductive coating on both sides of the pod may only be a few dozen micrometres. As to a length and a width of the pod, a rectangular pod may have a size of 6 mm x 2 mm but shapes and dimen-sions may vary so the above-mentioned length and width are only an example.
[0019] The secondary antenna may be partly or totally a yarn that is electri-cally conductive. The yarn may be throughout electrically conductive, or it may comprise conductive fibers or coatings. In addition to the conductive fibers or coatings the yarn may contain non-conductive fibers or coatings. The yarn may be a monofilament, or it may comprise plies. The yarn may comprise a dielectric sheath in addition to the electrically conductive core but as well the yarn may be without any sheath. The yarn may be attached to a fabric or film e.g. by stitching, embedding in a cloth without fastening, or adhering it to a label. The pod does not require separate fastening to the fabric since the pod and the yarn are fastened to each other.
[0020] The planar dielectric substrate may comprise guiding members for the secondary antenna. The guiding members may comprise a toothed edge, i.e. alter-nating notches and ridges, and retaining means, such as through holes for anchor-ing a secondary antenna around the planar dielectric substrate, i.e. to a coupling area where the primary antenna and the secondary antenna overlap.
[0021] The secondary antenna may be wound around the planar dielectric substrate through the notches. The notches have a pitch that define a pitch of the secondary antenna on the coupling area. Instead of the notches there may be through holes near the edge of the planar dielectric substrate. The secondary an-tenna is threaded through the though holes. The holes have predetermined inter-vals, i.e. they define a pitch of the secondary antenna on the coupling area.
[0022] It is also possible that the secondary antenna is sewn to a fabric or film in such a manner that a sewing machine is programmed to form the coupling area of the secondary antenna by repeating a serrated pattern, i.e. a sequence of con-veying the electrically conductive yarn from one notch on one edge or hole near one edge to other notch on the other edge or other hole near the other edge. In other words, the electrically conductive yarn forms a zigzag seam over the pod. There may be an upper thread and a lower thread for forming the seam. At least one of the threads is electrically conductive. Outside the coupling area the sec-ondary antenna may be straight, folded or zigzag-shaped. By attaching the pod by sewing with the electrically conductive yarn the tag is both fastened on an item and provided with the secondary antenna. The above-mentioned way of forming the secondary antenna may be applied to pods having different shapes, such as rectangular, square-shaped, or annular shapes. In some cases where the pre-programmed sewing machine is used the guiding members may be omitted since the pitch of the primary antenna is adjusted by a length of a stitch.
[0023] The primary antenna and the secondary antenna usually couple by an inductive coupling. However, other coupling manners may be applied if neces-sary.
[0024] The retaining means may comprise through holes through which the secondary antenna is threaded in order to anchor the secondary antenna on the coupling area. The retaining means may comprise in addition to the through holes knots that prevent the secondary antenna to slip from the through hole. The re-taining means may alternatively comprise in addition to the through holes adhe-sive that fastens the secondary antenna to the planar dielectric substrate in such a manner that the secondary antenna does not slip from the through hole.
[0025] It is also possible that a part of the secondary antenna is formed by us-ing the same technique as the primary antenna. Electrically conductive secondary upper arms may alternate with the upper arms on the first surface of the planar dielectric substrate and electrically conductive secondary lower arms may alter-nate with the lower arms on the second surface of the planar dielectric sub-strate. Secondary via holes penetrating the planar dielectric substrate join the secondary upper arms and the secondary lower arms. The secondary upper arms and / or the secondary lower arms nearest the edge are electrically connected to a connection point, such as a through hole, where a conductive yarn that forms a part of the secondary antenna is threaded to the pod and coupled to the part of the secondary antenna that is on the pod. The connection point is electrically con-ductive.
[0026] The upper arms and the secondary upper arms are on the same layer, i.e. on the first surface of the planar dielectric substrate, and the lower arms and the secondary lower arms are on the same layer, i.e. on the second surface of the planar dielectric substrate.
[0027] Electrically conductive secondary upper arms of the secondary anten-na may be formed on a layer that is different from the layer of the upper arms on the first surface of the planar dielectric substrate and electrically conductive sec-ondary lower arms may be formed on a layer that is different from the layer of the lower arms on the second surface of the planar dielectric substrate. Secondary via holes penetrating the planar dielectric substrate join the secondary upper arms and the secondary lower arms. The secondary upper arms and / or the sec-ondary lower arms nearest the edge are electrically connected to a connection point, such as a through hole, where a conductive yarn that forms a part of the secondary antenna is threaded to the pod and coupled to the part of the second-ary antenna that is on the pod. The connection point is electrically conductive.
[0028] The upper arms and the secondary upper arms are on different layers, and the lower arms and the secondary lower arms are on different layers. In other words, the upper arms and the secondary upper arms as well as the lower arms and the secondary lower arms are on top of each other. A dielectric layer, such as a dielectric lacquer layer, is formed between the upper arms and the secondary upper arms, and a dielectric layer, such as a dielectric lacquer layer, is formed between the lower arms and the secondary lower arms. As in the other alterna-tives, there is the non-conductive coating on both sides of the pod as an outer lay-er.
[0029] In addition to the fact that the tag is thin it has several advantageous features:
[0030] The tag is easy and cost-efficient to manufacture.
[0031] The tag resists washing cycles.
[0032] The radio frequency (RF) performance can be optimized by tuning the pitch at the coupling area in order to lengthen the reading range.
[0033] There is no physical connection between the secondary antenna and the integrated circuit, i.e. a more reliable connection is achieved.
[0034] The secondary antenna does not necessarily need a supportive layer, such as a fabric or film, for attaching.
[0035] The module couples to the antenna in x axis (see Fig. 4) .
[0036] The integrated circuit may be embedded in the substrate.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
[0038] Figure 1 shows a structure of a primary antenna and a chip attached to the primary antenna;
[0039] Figure 2 shows a pod;
[0040] Figure 3 shows another pod;
[0041] Figure 4 shows an RFID tag;
[0042] Figure 5 shows another RFID tag;
[0043] Figure 6 shows an RFID tag attached to a fabric;
[0044] Figure 7 shows a pod;
[0045] Figure 8 shows a pod;
[0046] Figure 9 shows a pod;
[0047] Figure 10 shows an RFID tag;
[0048] Figure 11 shows a pod;
[0049] Figure 12 shows an RFID tag;
[0050] Figure 13 shows an RFID tag;
[0051] Figure 14 shows an RFID tag;
[0052] Figure 15 shows a primary antenna on a U-shaped substrate;
[0053] Figure 16 shows a possible shape of a pod.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0054] Figure 1 shows a structure of a primary antenna 3 and a chip 4 at-tached to the primary antenna 3. Fig. 1 shows the structure without any substrate.
[0055] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8, electrically conductive lower arms 9 and electrically conductive via holes 10. The primary antenna 3 proceeds through one via hole 10, proceeds on one sur-face through one conductive arm (either an upper arm 8 or a lower arm 9) , pro-ceeds through one via hole 10 to the other surface and proceeds through one elec-trically conductive arm. The primary antenna 3 repeats the above-mentioned se-quence until the last via hole 10. The ends of the first and last via holes 10, which are on the same surface, are connected by a lead 11, i.e. a closed loop is formed.
[0056] In the case of Fig. 1, the primary antenna 3 proceeds from the first sur-face 5 to the second surface 6 through the first via hole 10F, proceeds on the se-cond surface through one lower electrically conductive arm, proceeds from the second surface 6 to the first surface 5 through the via hole 10 G and proceeds on the first surface 5 through one upper electrically conductive arm 8. The primary antenna 3 repeats the above-mentioned sequence until the last via hole 10L. The upper end of the last via hole 10L is connected to the upper end of the first via hole 10F by a lead 11.
[0057] Figure 2 shows a pod 1 that comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a pri-mary antenna 3 and an integrated circuit on a chip 4 embedded in the dielectric substrate 2. The dielectric substrate 2 is a planar dielectric substrate having a first surface 5, a second surface 6 and an edge 7 defining a shape of the planar dielec-tric substrate 2. The planar dielectric substrate 2 may be a printed circuit board. An arrow L shows the longitudinal direction of the planar dielectric substrate 2.
[0058] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar substrate 2, electrically conductive lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar substrate 2 (not shown in Fig. 2, see Fig. 1) and electrically conductive via holes 10 through the planar substrate 2. The elec-trically conductive via holes 10 join the upper and lower arms 8, 9 as explained in connection with Fig. 1.
[0059] The primary antenna 3 comprises a first end and a second end that are connected by a lead 11 formed on either surface of the planar dielectric substrate 2.
[0060] The integrated circuit on the chip 4 is embedded in the dielectric sub-strate 2 and coupled to the primary antenna 3.
[0061] The dielectric planar substrate 2 comprises guiding members for the secondary antenna. The guiding members comprise a toothed edge 7, i.e. alternat-ing notches 12 and ridges, and through holes 13 for anchoring a secondary anten-na to a coupling area. The coupling area is an area where the primary antenna 3 and the secondary antenna 16 overlap.
[0062] Figure 3 shows another pod 1. It is similar to the pod 1 of Fig. 2 except the toothed edge 7 of Fig. 2 has been replaced by a row of through holes 14 on both sides of the primary antenna 3 in a close proximity to the edge 7 of the pla-nar dielectric substrate 2. The secondary antenna 16 is threaded via the through holes 14.
[0063] Figure 4 shows an RFID tag 15. The RFID tag 15 comprises a pod 1 and a secondary antenna 16. The secondary antenna 16 is a conductive yarn. The length of the secondary antenna 16 may be 1 / 2 wavelength at the working fre-quency. The primary antenna 3 on the planar dielectric substrate 2 forms a cou-pling area to the secondary antenna 16 that is wrapped around the pod 1 spirally through the notches 12 shown in Fig. 2. The secondary antenna 16 is secured to the coupling area by threading the secondary antenna 16 through the through holes 13 for anchoring the secondary antenna 16. The secondary antenna 16 may comprise at the through holes 13 knots 17 or other retaining means in order to prevent sliding of the secondary antenna 16. Outside the coupling area both sides of the secondary antenna 16 may be folded in order to shorten space that is re-quired for attaching the tag.
[0064] Fig. 4 presents a general principle of the RFID tag 15. The primary an-tenna 3 couples to the secondary antenna 16 from x axis. The primary antenna 3 generates a strong magnetic field at x axis, and secondary antenna 16 also gener-ates a strong magnetic field in same axis and area. Thus, energy transfers from secondary antenna 16 to the primary antenna 3 through the overlapping magnet-ic field that may be called inductive coupling area.
[0065] Figures 5 –11 and 13 –15 show the planar dielectric substrate 2 as transparent.
[0066] Figure 5 shows another RFID tag 15. It is similar to the RFID tag 15 of Fig. 4 except that the secondary antenna 16 is straight.
[0067] Figure 6 shows an RFID tag 15 attached to a fabric 18. The pod 1 is similar to that of Fig. 2. The secondary antenna 16 may be stitched to the fabric 18.The secondary antenna 16 may have a meandering shape but other shapes come into question as well.
[0068] Figure 7 shows a pod 1. The pod 1 comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a primary antenna 3 and an integrated circuit on a chip 4 embedded in the dielec-tric substrate 2 and coupled to the primary antenna 3. The dielectric substrate 2 is a planar dielectric substrate having a first surface 5, a second surface 6 and an edge 7 defining a shape of the planar dielectric substrate 2.
[0069] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar substrate 2, electrically conductive lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar substrate 2 and electrically conductive via holes 10 through the planar substrate 2. The electrically conductive via holes 10 join the upper and lower arms 8, 9 in such a manner that the primary antenna 3 forms as explained in connection with Fig. 1. The ends of the first and last via holes 10, which are on the same surface, are connected by a lead 11, i.e. a closed loop is formed.
[0070] The pod 1 also comprises a part of the secondary antenna 16. Electri-cally conductive secondary upper arms 21 alternate with the upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar dielectric substrate 2 and electrically conductive sec-ondary lower arms 22 alternate with the lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar dielectric substrate 2. Secondary via holes 19 penetrating the planar dielectric substrate 2 join the secondary upper arms 21 and the secondary lower arms 22 in the same manner as explained in connection with the primary antenna 3 but the secondary upper arm 21 and / or the secondary lower arm 22 nearest the edge 7 is electrically connected to a connection point 20 at each end of the pod 1 where a conductive yarn that forms the other part of the secondary antenna is threaded to the pod 1 and coupled to the part of the secondary antenna that is on the pod 1. The connection point 20 may be a through hole 20.
[0071] The upper arms 8 and the secondary upper arms 21 are on the same surface 5, and the lower arms 9 and the secondary lower arms 22 are on the same surface 6. As the arms 8, 9 and secondary arms 21, 22 alternate on the sur- face of the substrate 2 the above-mentioned arms can be situated on the same surface.
[0072] The secondary antenna 16 may couple to the primary antenna 3 by a direct connection, or a capacitive coupling.
[0073] Figure 8 shows a pod 1. The pod 1 comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a primary antenna 3 and an integrated circuit on a chip 4 embedded in the dielec-tric substrate 2 and coupled to the primary antenna 3. The dielectric substrate 2 is a planar dielectric substrate having a first surface 5, a second surface 6 and an edge 7 defining a shape of the planar dielectric substrate 2.
[0074] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar substrate 2, electrically conductive lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar substrate 2 and electrically conductive via holes 10 through the planar substrate 2. The electrically conductive via holes 10 join the upper and lower arms 8, 9 in such a manner that the primary antenna 3 forms as explained in connection of Fig. 1. The ends of the first and last via holes 10, which are on the same surface, are connected by a lead 11, i.e. a closed loop is formed.
[0075] Electrically conductive secondary upper arms 21 are formed on a layer that is different from the layer of the upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar dielectric substrate 2 and electrically conductive secondary lower arms 22 are formed on a layer that is different from the layer of the lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar dielectric substrate 2. Secondary via holes 19 penetrating the planar dielectric substrate 2 join the secondary upper arms 21 and the secondary lower arms 22. The secondary upper arm 21 and / or the sec-ondary lower arm 22 nearest the edge 7 is electrically connected to a connection point 20, such as a through hole 20, where a conductive yarn that forms another part of the secondary antenna is threaded to the pod 1 and coupled to the part of the secondary antenna that is on the pod 1.
[0076] The upper arms 8 and the secondary upper arms 21 are on different layers and the lower arms 9 and the secondary lower arms 22 are on different layers. In other words, the upper arms 8 may be formed on the first surface 5 and the secondary upper arms 21 may be formed on top the upper arms 8 in such a manner that a dielectric intermediate layer is therebetween. The lower arms 9 and the secondary lower arms may be formed in the same manner.
[0077] Fig. 9 shows a pod 1 whose primary antenna 3 is formed as explained in connection with Fig. 1. The dielectric planar substrate 2 comprises guiding members for a secondary antenna. The guiding members comprise a toothed edge 7, i.e. alternating notches 12 and ridges, and grooves 23 for anchoring a second-ary antenna 16 to a coupling area. The grooves 23 are shaped so that projections 24 form.
[0078] Fig. 10 shows the pod 1 of Fig. 9 and a secondary antenna 16 wrapped around the pod 1. The grooves 23 receive the secondary antenna so that the sec-ondary antenna proceeds from the first surface 5 to the second surface 6 at the grooves 23. The projections 24 keep the secondary antenna 16 in its place.
[0079] Fig. 11 shows a pod 1. The pod 1 comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a primary antenna 3 and an integrated circuit on a chip 4 embedded in the dielec-tric substrate 2 and coupled to the primary antenna 3. The dielectric substrate 2 is a planar dielectric substrate having a first surface 5, a second surface 6 and edges 7, 25 defining a shape of the planar dielectric substrate 2.
[0080] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8 on the first surface 5 of the planar substrate 2, electrically conductive lower arms 9 on the second surface 6 of the planar substrate 2 and electrically conductive via holes 10 through the planar substrate 2. The electrically conductive via holes 10 join the upper and lower arms 8, 9 in such a manner that the primary antenna 3 forms.
[0081] The primary antenna 3 comprises electrically conductive upper arms 8, electrically conductive lower arms 9 and electrically conductive via holes 10. The primary antenna 3 proceeds through one via hole 10, proceeds on one sur-face through one conductive arm (either an upper arm 8 or a lower arm 9) , pro-ceeds through one via hole 10 to the other surface and proceeds through one elec-trically conductive arm. The primary antenna 3 repeats the above-mentioned se-quence until the last via hole 10. The ends of the first and last via holes 10, which are on the same surface, are connected by a lead 11, i.e. a closed loop is formed.
[0082] In the case of Fig. 11, the edge 7 is circular. The primary antenna 3 ad-vances in a direction of the circumference of the planar dielectric substrate 2 and proceeds from the first surface 5 to the second surface 6 through the first via hole 10F, proceeds on the second surface through one lower electrically conductive arm, proceeds from the second surface 6 to the first surface 5 through the via hole 10 G and proceeds on the first surface 5 through one upper electrically conductive arm 8. The primary antenna 3 repeats the above-mentioned sequence until the last via hole 10L. The upper end of the last via hole 10L is connected to the upper end of the first via hole 10F by a lead 11. The lead 11 of Fig. 11 is in two parts be- cause the integrated circuit 4 has been attached to the lead 11. The lead 11 may also understood as a two-part arm.
[0083] The planar dielectric substrate 2 has an inner edge 25 and an outer edge 7, i.e. the planar dielectric substrate 2 is annular. Both edges 7, 25 may be at least partially toothed, i.e. there are ridges between notches 12. The substrate 2 comprises through holes 13 for anchoring a secondary antenna 16.
[0084] Fig. 12 shows an RFID tag that comprises the pod 1 of Fig. 11 and a secondary antenna 16. The secondary antenna 16 is wrapped around the pod 1 through the notches 12.
[0085] Fig. 13 shows a pod 1. The pod 1 of Fig. 13 is otherwise similar to that of Fig. 11 but the pod 1 has an opening 26 in the substrate 2. The opening 26 has a shape of a sector of a circle. The upper end of the last via hole 10L is connected to the upper end of the first via hole 10F by a lead 11.
[0086] Fig. 14 shows an RFID tag that comprises the pod 1 of Fig. 13 and a secondary antenna 16. The secondary antenna 16 is wrapped around the pod 1 through the notches 12 and secured by the through holes 13.
[0087] Fig. 15 shows a primary antenna 3 on a U-shaped dielectric substrate 2.An integrated circuit on a chip 4 may be situated anywhere within the primary antenna 3. The primary antenna 3 has the same principal structure as in previous figures, i.e. it comprises via holes 10, a lead 11, upper arms 8 and lower arms 9. The primary antenna 3 may follow the shape of the dielectric substrate 2 in such a manner that the advancing direction of the primary antenna 3 forms two right angles.
[0088] Fig. 16 shows one possible shape of a pod 1. A dielectric substrate 2 has a shape of a square that may have rounded corners. There is a square-shaped hole 27 with rounded corners in the middle of the dielectric substrate 2. The primary antenna 3 may be formed analogically as that of Figs. 11 and 12.
[0089] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The inven-tion and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1.A tag that comprises an RFID transponder that comprises a pod (1) and a secondary antenna (16) , the pod (1) comprises a dielectric substrate (2) that has a first surface (5) , a second surface (6) and an edge (7) defining a shape of the dielectric substrate (2) , a primary antenna (3) and an integrated circuit on a chip (4) coupled to the primary antenna (3) , characterized in that the primary antenna (3) comprises electrically conductive upper arms (8) on the first surface (5) of the dielectric substrate (2) , electrically conductive lower arms (9) on the second surface (6) of the dielectric substrate (2) and electrically conduc-tive via holes (10) through the dielectric substrate (2) , the electrically conductive via holes (10) having two ends join the upper arms (8) and the lower arms (9) , the end of the first via hole (10F) and the end of the last via hole (10L) on the same surface are connected by an electrically conductive lead (11) situated on one of the first or second surfaces (5, 6) of the dielectric substrate (2) .2.The tag according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (2) comprises guiding members for the secondary antenna (16) .3.The tag according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edge (7) of the dielectric substrate (2) is toothed in such a manner that it comprises alter-nating ridges and notches (12) at predetermined intervals.4.The tag according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dielec-tric substrate (2) comprises through holes (14) at predetermined intervals near the edge (7) of the dielectric substrate (2) .5.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (2) comprises retaining means.6.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (2) comprises through holes (13) for anchoring the secondary antenna (16) .7.The tag according to any preceding claim 1 –5, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (2) comprises grooves (23) for anchoring the second- ary antenna (16) .8.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the integrated circuit (4) is embedded in the dielectric substrate (2) .9.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that at least part of the secondary antenna (16) is an electrically conductive yarn.10.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that a part of the secondary antenna (16) is formed on the dielectric substrate (2) .11.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the part of the secondary antenna (16) that is formed on the dielectric substrate (2) comprises secondary upper arms (21) , secondary lower arms (22) and sec-ondary via holes (19) that join the secondary upper arms (21) and the secondary lower arms (22) .12.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the secondary upper arms (21) and the upper arms (8) alternate on the first sur-face (5) of the dielectric substrate (2) , and the secondary lower arms (22) and the lower arms (9) alternate on the second surface (6) of the dielectric substrate (2) .13.The tag according to any preceding claim 1 –11, characterized in that the secondary upper arms (21) and the upper arms (8) are stacked in differ-ent layers, and the secondary lower arms (22) and the lower arms (9) are stacked in different layers.14.The tag according to claim 13, characterized in that there is a die-lectric layer between the secondary upper arms (21) and the upper arms (8) and another dielectric layer between the secondary lower arms (22) and the lower arms (9) .15.The tag according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the pod (1) comprises as an outer layer a dielectric coating on both surfaces of the dielectric substrate (2) .