Antenna system
The 3D conformal antenna array with a ground-based feeding network addresses the limitations of PEP technology by reducing costs and signal loss, offering a flexible and efficient massive MIMO solution.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Current massive MIMO antennas face issues with high manufacturing costs, weight, and signal loss due to Plastic Electro Plating (PEP) technology, which lacks flexibility and requires expensive modifications.
A 3D conformal antenna array with a feeding network built on a ground, using a foldable substrate and minimizing RF interconnections, which allows for a 3D structure without increasing parts, reducing signal leakage and cost.
The solution provides a cost-effective, lightweight, and efficient antenna system with reduced signal loss and increased design flexibility, maintaining good system performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130989_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTENNA SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates to the field of antenna systems for massive MIMO systems usable for 5G radio networks and communication network in the future. The disclosure relates to an antenna system, for example, to a 3D antenna system or a 3D conformal antenna system.BACKGROUND
[0002] Massive MIMO (mMIMO) systems have been stable concepts since the beginning of the deployment of 5G. As the network developed and throughout its deployment, mMIMO products have bygone several iterations and improvements. At this point, mMIMO antennas can be considered mature products.
[0003] Current approach for this type of antennas is to use Plastic Electro Plating (PEP) technology. PEP is a great technology to design antenna systems as it provides a very high degree of flexibility to generate 3D structures and allows direct metallization on its surface. However, expensive molding tools might be required and therefore a rather low degree of flexibility once the design is set as any modification can be expensive and is usually permanent. PEP has a high Dk and not so low Df (losses) , therefore, when the signal goes through the feeding network implemented in that technology, losses occur, which should be minimized. Additionally, antennas manufactured by PEP are rather heavy and expensive to manufacture.SUMMARY
[0004] This disclosure provides an antenna system, for example a mMIMO antenna that is simple to manufacture, efficient in operation, as well as low in weight and costs.
[0005] The foregoing and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further implementation forms are apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the figures.
[0006] Embodiments of the antenna system presented in this disclosure are characterized by the use a 3D conformal antenna array that is fed through a feeding network built on a ground to keep good system performance, minimize insertion loss and the cost of the system. Additionally, a foldable substrate can be used to sustain the 3D conformal structure.
[0007] Embodiments of the antenna system disclosed herein benefit from the simplicity and cost effectiveness of a planar solution while being able to provide a 3D antenna structure.
[0008] Embodiments of the antenna system disclosed herein hide at least partially the feeding network at a different plane (e.g., at a plane that is “non-visible” by the antenna radiating elements) with the consequential improvement of reduced radiated energy being “leaked” into the feeding network. Hence, amplitude and phase variation that the radiating element receives due to the coupling (which can be seen as interferences) are significantly decreased.
[0009] The antenna system disclosed herein provides an improvement in cost and weight and at the same time increases the flexibility of the current product.
[0010] The disclosure is based on the finding that bending a composed structure provides means to generate a 3D structure without increasing the number of parts and eliminates the required radio frequency (RF) interconnections, which are inherently lossy. A 3D structure will always provide more degrees of freedom for designing and achieving acceptable performance.
[0011] In order to describe the disclosure in detail, the following terms and notations are used. LTE Long Term Evolution 5G 5th generation mMIMO massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Dk dielectric constant Df dielectric tangent losses PEP Plastic Electro Plating 3D Three dimensional TRx Transmitter / Receiver BTS Base Station
[0012] According to a first aspect, the disclosure relates to an antenna system, comprising: a conductive ground carrier; at least one radiating element arranged on the conductive ground carrier; and a conductive line of a feeding network, the conductive line driving the at least one radiating element, wherein the at least one radiating element and at least part of the conductive line are using the conductive ground carrier as ground reference; wherein the at least one radiating element and at least part of the conductive line are bent around an inner core; wherein the conductive line forms an inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier forms an outer conductor of the feeding network; and / or wherein the conductive ground carrier forms a reflector of the at least one radiating element.
[0013] Such antenna system can be fed through a feeding network built on a ground reference. The antenna system keeps good system performance, minimizes insertion loss and the cost of the system. Additionally, a foldable substrate can be used to produce the antenna system. The antenna system can implement a 3D conformal antenna array.
[0014] The conductive line as disclosed herein can include power dividers to distribute the signal among elements that form an antenna array.
[0015] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system at least part of a side formed by a bent radiating element and / or a bent part of a conductive line is arranged at an angle with respect to a corresponding side or part of the side formed by a bent neighboring radiating element and / or bent part of a neighboring conductive line. The angle can be used to improve decoupling between two parallel antennas by providing certain degree of perpendicularity between surface A and surface B. This angle can be set larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees. The feature is important as it enables an antenna architecture that does not require fences therefore reducing the cost and complexity of the cavity. Fences are therefore an optional feature.
[0016] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the antenna system comprises: a dielectric substrate bent conformally around the inner core; wherein at least part of the conductive line and a conductive pattern forming the at least one radiating element are applied into the dielectric substrate. Applying the conductive line and pattern or parts thereof into the dielectric substrate can be performed by processes like printing, welding, bonding, etc., for example.
[0017] Bending a composed structure provides means to generate a 3D structure without increasing the number of parts and eliminates the required RF interconnections, which are inherently lossy. A 3D structure will always provide more degrees of freedom for designing and achieving acceptable performance.
[0018] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the dielectric substrate comprises a composite material sheet which is made of a flexible plastic foil with metal lines and a laminated foam substrate supporting the plastic foil. Using a laminated foam substrate together with a flexible plastic foil with metal lines allows to create a very light weight antenna system.
[0019] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the conductive ground carrier comprises a first cavity and a second cavity extending along a longitudinal axis of the antenna system, the first cavity being associated with a first polarization of the antenna system and the second cavity being associated with a second polarization of the antenna system; or the conductive ground carrier comprises a compound cavity extending along a longitudinal axis of the antenna system, the compound cavity being associated with both, a first polarization and a second polarization of the antenna system. The use of a cavity allows “hiding” the distribution lines of the feeding network from the radiation of the radiating elements. In such way, coupling between the radiating element and the feeding network is minimized. Minimizing the coupling is important as it produces amplitude and phase variations over frequency, which in turn, distort the radiation patterns.
[0020] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the compound cavity is associated with the first and second polarizations of a radiating element; or the compound cavity is associated with a first polarization of a radiating element and a second polarization of a neighboring radiating element.
[0021] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the first cavity and the second cavity are separated from each other and are formed between a top side and a bottom side of the conductive ground carrier; wherein the compound cavity is formed between the top side and the bottom side of the conductive ground carrier. The first and second cavities as well as the compound cavity provide mechanical stability and strength to the antenna system.
[0022] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the top side of the conductive ground carrier comprises a longitudinal slot in which the at least part of the conductive line is inserted. The use of the slot allows to insert the composite copper / foil / foam directly into the cavity avoiding many interconnections and potential soldering joints. Therefore, the system is simplified from the point of view of cost, reliability and losses (all associated to interconnections) .
[0023] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the antenna system comprises: an at least partially conductive element at least partially covering the longitudinal slot, the at least partially conductive element being configured to shield the longitudinal slot against electromagnetic interference and to avoid unwanted resonances in the longitudinal slot. The at least partially conductive element or structure, such as meta-surfaces, defected ground planes, or full plates can be used to cover the required slot to avoid resonances inside the cavity and interaction with the antenna and feeding on the top external side of the cavity.
[0024] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the antenna system comprises multiple of the radiating elements arranged along the longitudinal axis and along a transverse axis of the antenna system to form an antenna array; wherein the multiple radiating elements span a conformal antenna array.
[0025] A conformal antenna or conformal antenna array is a flat array antenna which is designed to conform or follow some prescribed shape, for example a flat curving antenna which is mounted on or embedded in a curved surface. It consists of multiple individual antennas mounted on or in the curved surface which work together as a single antenna to transmit or receive radio waves. Conformal antennas can be integrated in an object’s surface, for example an aircraft’s surface, thereby offering a highly effective solution. Conformal antennas streamline the aircraft by embedding the antennas into the skin, preserving aerodynamics while maintaining functionality.
[0026] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the antenna system comprises: a metallic fence mounted on the conductive ground carrier between the radiating element and a neighboring radiating element; wherein the metallic fence is a separate part or formed in one piece with the conductive ground carrier. The metallic fence ensures that the coupling between parallel subarrays, here the radiating element and the neighboring radiating element, is good enough. The metallic fence can be implemented as a metal wall that extend perpendicular to the reflector that “fence” (physically separate) two sub arrays, here the radiating element and the neighboring radiating element.
[0027] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the multiple radiating elements comprise a first plurality of radiating elements which have a first shape associated with a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements which have a second shape associated with a second frequency band; and a radiating element of the first shape is arranged alternately with a radiating element of the second shape along the transverse axis.
[0028] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the metal lines of the plastic foil comprise a conductive pattern, the conductive pattern forming the at least one radiating element and part of the conductive line.
[0029] The conductive pattern can be an antenna patch that can be easily attached to the plastic foil already during manufacture of the foil. Fabrication of the antenna system can thus be easily performed at reduced costs and high efficiency.
[0030] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the composite material sheet is bent inwards such that the laminated foam substrate is facing the inner core; or the composite material sheet is bent outwards such that the metal lines of the plastic foil are facing the inner core. This allows flexibility in production and usage of the antenna system.
[0031] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the composite material sheet is bent at least two times. This allows simple production of the antenna system since it is produced by a composite material sheet that is cut and bent which are common processes.
[0032] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the at least one radiating element and at least part of the conductive line are bent around the inner core according to a bending profile; wherein the bending profile is symmetric with respect to a vertical axis of the antenna system which is orthogonal to the conductive ground carrier. This allows implementing different bending profiles which have different electrical characteristics.
[0033] The conductive ground carrier can form a planar reflector supporting the at least one radiating element.
[0034] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the inner core is made of air or made of a foam core substrate. Both air and a foam core substrate have low weight. The antenna system can be produced at low cost, since foam is very cheap and there is high integration. Besides, loss of the antenna system is low, since the foam substrates are available with low tangent loss. The production of the antenna system is simple, since many soldering joints can be avoided and only few parts may be needed.
[0035] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the inner core is made of one or more plastic supports. This results in a stable and robust structure of the antenna system.
[0036] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, at least part of the dielectric substrate is placed between the inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network. This results in good electrical isolation between the inner conductor and the outer conductor.
[0037] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the antenna system comprises: at least one dielectric spacer placed between the dielectric substrate and the conductive ground carrier to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network. This mechanism also results in good electrical isolation between the inner conductor and the outer conductor.
[0038] In an exemplary implementation of the antenna system, the inner conductor comprises an extension part which can be connected to one or more transmission lines on a bottom side of the conductive ground carrier; wherein the one or more transmission lines and / or the extension parts of different frequency bands share the compound cavity. By such extension part the inner conductor can be directly connected to the transmission line on the bottom side without any connector.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] Further embodiments of the disclosure will be described with respect to the following figures, in which:
[0040] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100 according to the disclosure and an exemplary dielectric substrate 200 according to an embodiment;
[0041] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a dielectric substrate before bending 200a and after bending 200b;
[0042] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary antenna system 100 depicting the angle alfa 301 generated between two parallel sub arrays;
[0043] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 according to an embodiment;
[0044] Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 and the feedings of two polarizations of a radiating element 120 according to an embodiment;
[0045] Figure 5b shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a common cavity 114 according to an embodiment;
[0046] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a longitudinal slot 113 and the at least partially conductive structure according to an embodiment;
[0047] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100a according to a first embodiment;
[0048] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a first multiband example of the antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment;
[0049] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a second multiband example of the antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment;
[0050] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100b according to a second embodiment where the reflector is planar;
[0051] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100c according to a third embodiment;
[0052] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an antenna system 100d according to a fourth embodiment;
[0053] Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment including fences between adjacent sub arrays;
[0054] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram illustrating different bending profile alternatives 1500 for the dielectric substrate 200 shown in Figures 1 and 2; and
[0055] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100e according to a fifth embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0056] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific aspects in which the disclosure may be practiced. It is understood that other aspects may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0057] It is understood that comments made in connection with a described method may also hold true for a corresponding device or system configured to perform the method and vice versa. For example, if a specific method step is described, a corresponding device may include a unit to perform the described method step, even if such unit is not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. Further, it is understood that the features of the various exemplary aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
[0058] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100 according to the disclosure and an exemplary dielectric substrate 200 according to an embodiment.
[0059] The antenna system 100 comprises: a conductive ground carrier 110; at least one radiating element 120 arranged on the conductive ground carrier 110; and a conductive line 130 of a feeding network. The conductive line 130 is driving the at least one radiating element 120. The at least one radiating element 120 and at least part of the conductive line 130 are using the conductive ground carrier 110 as ground reference.
[0060] The at least one radiating element 120 and at least part of the conductive line 130 are bent around an inner core 210 as depicted in Figure 1. The conductive line 130 can form an inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier 110 forms an outer conductor of the feeding network. In addition or alternatively, the conductive ground carrier 110 can form a reflector of the at least one radiating element 120.
[0061] At least part of a side 122 formed by a bent radiating element 120 and / or a bent part of a conductive line 130 can be arranged at an angle 301 with respect to a corresponding side 122b or part of the side 122b formed by a bent neighboring radiating element 120b and / or bent part of a neighboring conductive line as exemplary shown in Figure 3.
[0062] The antenna system 100 may comprise a dielectric substrate 200 as shown in the bottom right picture of Figure 1 bent conformally around the inner core 210. At least part of the conductive line 130 and a conductive pattern 121 forming the at least one radiating element 120 may be applied into the dielectric substrate 200 as shown in the top picture of Figure 1.
[0063] The dielectric substrate 200 may comprise a composite material sheet 200 as shown in the bottom right picture which can be made of a flexible plastic foil 201 with metal lines 202 and a laminated foam substrate 203 supporting the plastic foil 201. A glue layer 204 may be used to attach the plastic foil 201 to the foam substrate 203.
[0064] The conductive ground carrier 110 may comprise a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 extending along a longitudinal axis 101 of the antenna system 100. The first cavity 111 can be associated with a first polarization of the antenna system and the second cavity 112 can be associated with a second polarization of the antenna system.
[0065] Alternatively, the conductive ground carrier 110 may comprise a compound cavity 114 (see Figure 5b, for example) extending along a longitudinal axis 101 of the antenna system 100. The compound cavity 114 can be associated with both, a first polarization and a second polarization of the antenna system.
[0066] The compound cavity 114 may be associated with the first and second polarizations of a radiating element (120) as shown in Figure 5b, for example. Alternatively, the compound cavity 114 may be associated with a first polarization of a radiating element 120 and a second polarization of a neighboring radiating element 120b (not shown in Figure 5b) .
[0067] The first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 can be separated from each other and can be formed between a top side 110a and a bottom side 110b of the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0068] The compound cavity 114 can also be formed between the top side 110a and the bottom side 110b of the conductive ground carrier 110 as shown in Figure 5b, for example.
[0069] The top side 110a of the conductive ground carrier 110 may comprise a longitudinal slot 113 (see also Figure 6) in which the at least part of the conductive line 130 can be inserted
[0070] The antenna system 100 may comprise an at least partially conductive element 602 as exemplarily shown in Figure 6 which may at least partially cover the longitudinal slot 113. The at least partially conductive element 602 may be configured to shield the longitudinal slot 113 against electromagnetic interference.
[0071] The antenna system 100 may comprise multiple of the radiating elements 120 arranged along the longitudinal axis 101 and along a transverse axis 102 of the antenna system 100 to form an antenna array as illustrated in Figure 1. The multiple radiating elements 120 may span a conformal antenna array.
[0072] The antenna system 100 may comprise a metallic fence 1410 (see Figure 13) mounted on the conductive ground carrier 110 between the radiating element 120 and a neighboring radiating element 120. The metallic fence 1410 can be a separate part or it can be formed in one piece with the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0073] The multiple radiating elements 120 may comprise a first plurality of radiating elements 120 which have a first shape 910 (see Figure 9 or 8, for example) associated with a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements 120b which have a second shape 920 associated with a second frequency band. A radiating element 120 of the first shape 910 may be arranged alternately with a radiating element 120b of the second shape 920 along the transverse axis 102.
[0074] The metal lines 202 of the plastic foil 201 may comprise a conductive pattern 121. This conductive pattern 121 may form the at least one radiating element 120 and part of the conductive line 130 as can be seen from Figure 1.
[0075] The composite material sheet 200 can be bent inwards such that the laminated foam substrate 203 is facing the inner core 210. Alternatively, the composite material sheet 200 can be bent outwards such that the metal lines 202 of the plastic foil 201 are facing the inner core 210.
[0076] The composite material sheet 200 may be bent at least two times. In Figure 1, the composite material sheet 200 is bent six times or even more.
[0077] The at least one radiating element 120 and at least part of the conductive line 130 may be bent around the inner core 210 according to a bending profile, e.g., one of the bending profiles 1500 shown in Figure 14. The bending profile 1500 can be symmetric with respect to a vertical axis 103 of the antenna system 100 which is orthogonal to the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0078] The inner core 210 can be made of air or made of a foam core substrate, for example.
[0079] The inner core 210 may be made of one or more plastic supports 1310, 1320, for example as shown in Figure 12.
[0080] At least part of the dielectric substrate 200 can be placed between the inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier 110 to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network.
[0081] The antenna system 100 may comprise at least one dielectric spacer placed between the dielectric substrate 200 and the conductive ground carrier 110 to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network.
[0082] The inner conductor may comprise an extension part which can be connected to one or more transmission lines on a bottom side of the conductive ground carrier 110. The one or more transmission lines and / or the extension parts of different frequency bands can share the compound cavity 114.
[0083] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a dielectric substrate before bending 200a and after bending 200b.
[0084] The dielectric substrate 200a includes the structures that are required for the antenna system 100 shown in Figure 1.
[0085] The dielectric substrate 200a comprises the composite material sheet 200 with conductive lines 130 applied to it and a conductive pattern 121 forming the one or more radiating elements 120 of the antenna system 100. In this example, an exemplary number of three radiating elements 120 can be formed from the dielectric substrate 200a.
[0086] Applying the conductive line 130 and pattern or parts thereof into the dielectric substrate 200 can be performed by processes like printing, welding, bonding, etc.
[0087] As shown in the lower right picture of Figure 2, the composite material sheet 200 can be bent 205 several times to generate the 3D structured antenna system. This lower right picture illustrates the feeding network 402 on the exterior of the cavity and parallel to its exterior surface. Besides, conductive lines 130 to be embedded into the cavity are shown.
[0088] Bending a composed structure provides means to generate a 3D structure without increasing the number of parts and eliminates the required RF interconnections, which are inherently lossy. A 3D structure will always provide more degrees of freedom for designing and achieving acceptable performance.
[0089] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary antenna system 100 depicting the angle alfa 301 generated between two parallel sub arrays.
[0090] To ensure the coupling between parallel subarrays is good enough, metallic fences in between them can be used. Fences are metal walls that extend perpendicular to the reflector that “fence” (physically separate) two sub arrays. In this antenna system 100, an angle alfa 301 can be used to improve decoupling between two parallel antennas by providing certain degree of perpendicularity between surface A and surface B. This angle 301 can be set larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees, for example. The feature is important as it enables an antenna architecture that does not require fences therefore reducing the cost and complexity of the cavity. Fences are therefore an optional feature (see also Figure 13) .
[0091] In this antenna system 100 at least part of a side 122 formed by a bent radiating element 120 and / or a bent part of a conductive line 130 is arranged at an angle 301 with respect to a corresponding side 122b or part of the side 122b formed by a bent neighboring radiating element 120b and / or bent part of a neighboring conductive line.
[0092] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 according to an embodiment.
[0093] A cavity wall 410 between the first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 can serve as ground reference for the feeding network 401 inside the cavity (here the second cavity 112) . The radiating element 120 can be a dual polarized radiating element, for example. Another part of the feeding network, 402, that does not have a ground plane reference can be implemented as metal pattern on the dielectric substrate 200.
[0094] The use of a cavity allows “hiding” the distribution lines of the feeding network from the radiation of the radiating elements. In such way, coupling between the radiating element and the feeding network is minimized. Minimizing the coupling is important as it produces amplitude and phase variations over frequency, which in turn, distort the radiation patterns. This is solving one of the problems stated above. Additionally, the cavity provides mechanical stability and strength to the antenna system.
[0095] Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 and the feedings of two polarizations of a radiating element 120 according to an embodiment.
[0096] The conductive ground carrier 110 comprises a first cavity 111 and a second cavity 112 extending along a longitudinal axis 101 (see Figure 1) of the antenna system 100.
[0097] The first cavity 111 can be associated with a first polarization of the antenna system and the second cavity 112 may be associated with a second polarization of the antenna system.
[0098] The first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 are separated from each other by a wall as can be seen from Figure 5a. Both cavities 111, 112 are formed between a top side 110a and a bottom side 110b (as shown in Figure 1) of the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0099] On the left side of the wall that separates the first cavity 111 from the second cavity 112, a feeding 501 for the first polarization can be arranged as shown in Figure 5a. On the right side of the wall that separates the first cavity 111 from the second cavity 112, a feeding 502 for the second polarization can be arranged as shown in Figure 5a.
[0100] In this implementation the first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 are both arranged below a respective radiating element 120. In an alternative implementation (not shown here) , the first cavity 111 can be arranged below a right side of a respective radiating element 120 and the second cavity 112 can be arranged below a left side of a neighboring radiating element 120.
[0101] Figure 5b shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a common cavity 114 according to an embodiment.
[0102] The conductive ground carrier 110 comprises a compound cavity 114 extending along a longitudinal axis 101 (see Figure 1) of the antenna system 100. The compound cavity 114 can be formed between the top side 110a and the bottom side 110b (see Figure 1) of the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0103] The compound cavity 114 can be associated with both, the first polarization and the second polarization of the antenna system. Alternatively, the compound cavity 114 can be associated with a first polarization of a radiating element 120 and a second polarization of a neighboring radiating element 120b.
[0104] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a 3D representation of an exemplary antenna system 100 with detailed view of a longitudinal slot 113 and the at least partially conductive structure according to an embodiment.
[0105] The longitudinal slot 113 is arranged at the top side 110a (see Figure 1) of the conductive ground carrier 110. In the longitudinal slot 113 the at least part of the conductive line 130 (see Figure 1) is inserted to couple the at least one radiating element 120 with the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0106] The antenna system 100 further comprises an at least partially conductive element 602 or structure that may at least partially cover the longitudinal slot 113 (not shown in Figure 6) . The at least partially conductive element 602 is configured to shield the longitudinal slot 113 against electromagnetic interference.
[0107] The radiating element 120 shown in Figure 6 can be a dual polarized radiating element. Figure 6 shows the feeding network 402 on the exterior of the cavity and parallel to its exterior surface, e.g. along the longitudinal axis 101 as shown in Figure 1.
[0108] The antenna system 100 may comprise multiple radiating elements 120 arranged along the longitudinal axis 101 and along the transverse axis 102 of the antenna system 100 (as shown in Figure 1) to form an antenna array. The multiple radiating elements 120 then span a conformal antenna array as shown in the right picture of Figure 6.
[0109] The use of the slot allows to insert the composite copper / foil / foam directly into the cavity avoiding many interconnections and potential soldering joints. Therefore, the system is simplified from the point of view of cost, reliability and losses (all associated to interconnections) . An at least partially conductive structure, such as meta-surfaces, defected ground planes, or full plates can be used to cover the required slot to avoid resonances inside the cavity and interaction with the antenna and feeding on the top external side of the cavity.
[0110] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100a according to a first embodiment.
[0111] In this antenna system 100a, the conductive ground carrier 110 forms a reflector of the radiating element 120 which is arranged on the conductive ground carrier 110. A conductive line 130 of a feeding network is driving the radiating element 120. The radiating element 120 and part of the conductive line 130 are using the conductive ground carrier 110 as ground reference. The radiating element 120 and the conductive line 130 are bent around an inner core.
[0112] A dielectric substrate 200 as shown in Figure 1 is conformally bent conformally around the inner core. At least part of the conductive line 130 and a conductive pattern 121 (see Figure 1) forming the radiating element 120 are applied into the dielectric substrate 200. Applying the conductive line and pattern or parts thereof into the dielectric substrate can be performed by processes like printing, welding, bonding, etc.
[0113] The dielectric substrate 200 comprises a composite material sheet which is made of a flexible plastic foil 201 with metal lines 202 and a laminated foam substrate 203 supporting the plastic foil 201.
[0114] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a first multiband example of the antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment.
[0115] The multiple dual polarized radiating elements of the antenna system 100 comprise a first plurality of radiating elements 120 which have a first shape associated with a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements 120c which have a second shape associated with a second frequency band. As can be seen from Figure 8, a radiating element 120 of the first shape is arranged alternately with a radiating element 120c of the second shape along the transverse axis 102 (see Figure 1) .
[0116] In this example, the first shape may resemble a parallelogram, while the second shape may resemble a funnel. Any other shapes of closed geometry can be implemented as well, e.g. such shapes a shown in Figure 14.
[0117] The feeding network 401c, 402c of the second frequency band and the feeding network 401, 402 of the first frequency band are illustrated in Figure 8.
[0118] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a second multiband example of the antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment. This second multiband example is similar to the first multiband example described above with respect to Figure 8.
[0119] The multiple dual polarized radiating elements of the antenna system 100 comprise a first plurality of radiating elements 120 which have a first shape 910 associated with a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements 120b which have a second shape 920 associated with a second frequency band. In this second multiband example, also a radiating element 120 of the first shape 910 is arranged alternately with a radiating element 120b of the second shape 920 along the transverse axis 102 (see Figure 1) .
[0120] In this example, the first shape 910 may resemble a large hexagon, while the second shape 920 may resemble a small hexagon. Any other shapes of closed geometry can be implemented as well, e.g. such shapes a shown in Figure 14.
[0121] The feeding network 401c, 402c of the second frequency band and the feeding network 401, 402 of the first frequency band are illustrated in Figure 9.
[0122] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100b according to a second embodiment where the reflector 110 is planar. The conductive ground carrier 110 can form a planar reflector supporting the at least one radiating element 120.
[0123] This second embodiment is a simplification of the first embodiment by using a planar reflector 130.
[0124] As shown in Figure 10, the radiating element 120 can comprise a plastic foil 201 with metal lines 202, e.g. made of copper in the exterior and a laminated foam substrate 203 in the interior.
[0125] As shown in Figure 10, the composite material sheet 200 with foam substrate 203 and plastic foil 201 with metal lines 202 is bent inwards such that the laminated foam substrate 203 is facing the inner core 210. Alternatively, the composite material sheet 200 can be bent outwards (not shown here) such that the metal lines 202 of the plastic foil 201 are facing the inner core 210.
[0126] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100c according to a third embodiment.
[0127] In the third embodiment, a full polymer foam substrate 203 is used as the inner core and the plastic foil 201 with the metal lines 202 is wrapped around it instead of folded with a thin polymer as in the second embodiment.
[0128] Achieving and maintaining a folded structure is technically not trivial and requires certain technology development. Wrapping a thin metallized polymer around a thick polymer (substrate or support) is easier although heavier and costlier than prior embodiments.
[0129] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an antenna system 100d according to a fourth embodiment.
[0130] In the fourth embodiment, the inner core 210 is made of one or more plastic supports 1310, 1320. The plastic foil 201 with the metal lines 202 is bent around the inner core 210. Figure 12 also shows the feed network 401, 402.
[0131] Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100a according to the first embodiment including fences between adjacent sub arrays.
[0132] The antenna system 100a may correspond the antenna system 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2 which includes a metallic fence 1410. The metallic fence 1410 is mounted on the conductive ground carrier 110 between the radiating element 120 and a neighboring radiating element 120. The metallic fence 1410 can be a separate part or formed in one piece with the conductive ground carrier 110.
[0133] The metallic fence 1410 can be implemented from an extruded cavity (or ground plane or reflector) . Alternatively, protrusions can be implemented from the extruded cavity to hold plastic spacers.
[0134] As shown in Figure 13, the radiating element 120 can comprise a plastic foil 201 with metal lines 202, e.g. made of copper in the exterior and a laminated foam substrate 203 in the interior.
[0135] As shown in Figure 13, the composite material sheet 200 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is bent inwards such that the laminated foam substrate 203 is facing the inner core 210. Alternatively, the composite material sheet 200 can be bent outwards (not shown here, see Figure 15) such that the metal lines 202 of the plastic foil 201 are facing the inner core 210.
[0136] The composite material sheet 200 can be bent at least two times, here in Figure 13 it is bent eight times.
[0137] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram illustrating different bending profile alternatives 1500 for the dielectric substrate 200 shown in Figures 1 and 2. For simplification reasons, only half of the contour line of the bending profiles 1500 are represented In Figure 14.
[0138] At radiating element 120 and at least part of the conductive line 130 as shown in Figure 1 can be bent around the inner core 210 according to a bending profile 1500. Different alternatives of such bending profile 1500 are shown in Figure 14.
[0139] The bending profile 1500 can be symmetric with respect to a vertical axis 103 (see also Figure 1) of the antenna system 100 which is orthogonal to the conductive ground carrier 110 and to the transverse axis 102 of the antenna system 100.
[0140] The bending profile 1500 can also be a folding profile or a wrapping profile.
[0141] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna system 100a according to an alternative implementation of the first embodiment.
[0142] In this alternative implementation, the metallized polymer and the supporting polymer are inverted such that the supporting polymer also keeps the correct distance between the reflector and the composite structure.
[0143] The antenna system 100a may correspond the antenna system 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2. In this alternative implementation of the antenna system 100a the composite material sheet 200 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is bent outwards such that the laminated foam substrate 203 is in the exterior and the metal lines 202 (e.g. made of copper) of the plastic foil 201 are facing the inner core 210.
[0144] The solution presented in this disclosure can be applied to BTS, and specifically to mMIMO arrays or very large arrays.
[0145] While a particular feature or aspect of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature or aspect may be combined with one or more other features or aspects of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "include" , "have" , "with" , or other variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprise" . Also, the terms "exemplary" , "for example" and "e.g. " are merely meant as an example, rather than the best or optimal. The terms “coupled” and “connected” , along with derivatives may have been used. It should be understood that these terms may have been used to indicate that two elements cooperate or interact with each other regardless whether they are in direct physical or electrical contact, or they are not in direct contact with each other.
[0146] Although specific aspects have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and / or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific aspects shown and described without departing from the scope of the disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific aspects discussed herein.
[0147] Although the elements in the following claims are recited in a particular sequence with corresponding labeling, unless the claim recitations otherwise imply a particular sequence for implementing some or all of those elements, those elements are not necessarily intended to be limited to being implemented in that particular sequence.
[0148] Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Of course, those skilled in the art readily recognize that there are numerous applications of the disclosure beyond those described herein. While the disclosure has been described with reference to one or more particular embodiments, those skilled in the art recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Claims
1.An antenna system (100) , comprising:a conductive ground carrier (110) ;at least one radiating element (120) arranged on the conductive ground carrier (110) ; anda conductive line (130) of a feeding network, the conductive line (130) driving the at least one radiating element (120) , wherein the at least one radiating element (120) and at least part of the conductive line (130) are using the conductive ground carrier (110) as ground reference;wherein the at least one radiating element (120) and at least part of the conductive line (130) are bent around an inner core (210) ;wherein the conductive line (130) forms an inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier (110) forms an outer conductor of the feeding network; and / orwherein the conductive ground carrier (110) forms a reflector of the at least one radiating element (120) .2.The antenna system (100) of claim 1,wherein at least part of a side (122) formed by a bent radiating element (120) and / or a bent part of a conductive line (130) is arranged at an angle (301) with respect to a corresponding side (122b) or part of the side (122b) formed by a bent neighboring radiating element (120b) and / or bent part of a neighboring conductive line.3.The antenna system (100) of claim 1 or 2, comprising:a dielectric substrate (200) bent conformally around the inner core (210) ;wherein at least part of the conductive line (130) and a conductive pattern (121) forming the at least one radiating element (120) are applied into the dielectric substrate (200) .4.The antenna system (100) of claim 3,wherein the dielectric substrate (200) comprises a composite material sheet (200) which is made of a flexible plastic foil (201) with metal lines (202) and a laminated foam substrate (203) supporting the plastic foil (201) .5.The antenna system (100) of any of the preceding claims,wherein the conductive ground carrier (110) comprises a first cavity (111) and a second cavity (112) extending along a longitudinal axis (101) of the antenna system (100) , the first cavity (111) being associated with a first polarization of the antenna system and the second cavity (112) being associated with a second polarization of the antenna system; orwherein the conductive ground carrier (110) comprises a compound cavity (114) extending along a longitudinal axis (101) of the antenna system (100) , the compound cavity (114) being associated with both, a first polarization and a second polarization of the antenna system.6.The antenna system (100) of claim 5,wherein the compound cavity (114) is associated with the first and second polarizations of a radiating element (120) ; orwherein the compound cavity (114) is associated with a first polarization of a radiating element (120) and a second polarization of a neighboring radiating element (120b) .7.The antenna system (100) of claim 5 or 6,wherein the first cavity (111) and the second cavity (112) are separated from each other and are formed between a top side (110a) and a bottom side (110b) of the conductive ground carrier (110) ;wherein the compound cavity (114) is formed between the top side (110a) and the bottom side (110b) of the conductive ground carrier (110) .8.The antenna system (100) of claim 7,wherein the top side (110a) of the conductive ground carrier (110) comprises a longitudinal slot (113) in which the at least part of the conductive line (130) is inserted to couple the at least one radiating element (120) with the conductive ground carrier (110) .9.The antenna system (100) of claim 8, comprising:an at least partially conductive element (602) at least partially covering the longitudinal slot (113) , the at least partially conductive element (602) being configured to shield the longitudinal slot (113) against electromagnetic interference.10.The antenna system (100) of claim 8 or 9, comprising multiple of the radiating elements (120) arranged along the longitudinal axis (101) and along a transverse axis (102) of the antenna system (100) to form an antenna array;wherein the multiple radiating elements (120) span a conformal antenna array.11.The antenna system (100) of any of the preceding claims, comprising:a metallic fence (1410) mounted on the conductive ground carrier (110) between the radiating element (120) and a neighboring radiating element (120) ;wherein the metallic fence (1410) is a separate part or formed in one piece with the conductive ground carrier (110) .12.The antenna system (100) of any of claims 10 to 11,wherein the multiple radiating elements (120) comprise a first plurality of radiating elements (120) which have a first shape (910) associated with a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements (120b) which have a second shape (920) associated with a second frequency band; andwherein a radiating element (120) of the first shape (910) is arranged alternately with a radiating element (120b) of the second shape (920) along the transverse axis (102) .13.The antenna system (100) of claim 4,wherein the metal lines (202) of the plastic foil (201) comprise a conductive pattern (121) , the conductive pattern forming the at least one radiating element (120) and part of the conductive line (130) .14.The antenna system (100) of claim 4 or 13,wherein the composite material sheet (200) is bent inwards such that the laminated foam substrate (203) is facing the inner core (210) ; orwherein the composite material sheet (200) is bent outwards such that the metal lines (202) of the plastic foil (201) are facing the inner core (210) .15.The antenna system (100) of any of claims 4, 13 and 14,wherein the composite material sheet (200) is bent at least two times.16.The antenna system (100) of any of the preceding claims,wherein the at least one radiating element (120) and at least part of the conductive line (130) are bent around the inner core (210) according to a bending profile (1500) ;wherein the bending profile (1500) is symmetric with respect to a vertical axis (103) of the antenna system (100) which is orthogonal to the conductive ground carrier (110) .17.The antenna system (100) of any of the preceding claims,wherein the inner core (210) is made of air or made of a foam core substrate.18.The antenna system (100) of any of the preceding claims,wherein the inner core (210) is made of one or more plastic supports (1310, 1320) .19.The antenna system (100) of claim 3 or 4,wherein at least part of the dielectric substrate (200) is placed between the inner conductor of the feeding network and the conductive ground carrier (110) to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network.20.The antenna system (100) of claim 3 or 4, comprising:at least one dielectric spacer placed between the dielectric substrate (200) and the conductive ground carrier (110) to keep the inner conductor of the feeding network apart from the outer conductor of the feeding network.21.The antenna system (100) of any one of claims 5 to 10,wherein the inner conductor comprises an extension part which can be connected to one or more transmission lines on a bottom side of the conductive ground carrier (110) ;wherein the one or more transmission lines and / or the extension parts of different frequency bands share the compound cavity (114) .