Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has: a reception unit that receives a measurement configuration; and a control unit that evaluates, on the basis of the configuration, a third event based on a first event of beam quality and a second event of cell quality, and controls transmission of a measurement report in accordance with the third event.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR, Rel. 19 and later), support for event-based beam reporting (or possibly called event-triggered beam reporting / UE-initiated Beam Report (UEIBR)) initiated by a terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) is being considered.

[0006] Such beam reporting is being considered for support in MIMO / mobility from Rel. 19 onwards.

[0007] However, there are cases where such beam reporting is not adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to achieve lower latency communication, potentially hindering improvements in communication quality and throughput.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve communication quality / throughput.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives measurement settings, and a control unit that evaluates a third event based on a first beam quality event and a second cell quality event based on the settings, and controls the transmission of a measurement report in accordance with the third event.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication quality / throughput can be improved.

[0011] Figure 1A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. Figure 1B shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. Figure 2 shows an example of event LTM2A3 evaluation. Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 4 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 5 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (Measurement Report) <Measurement Report Triggering> The following multiple [Measurement] events are specified in the specification for triggering measurement reports.

[0013] ◆Event A1: Serving is better than the absolute threshold (Cell quality in the area is better than the threshold). —◆The UE does the following: —◆If condition A1-1 below is met, the UE considers the entry condition for this event to be met. —◆If condition A1-2 below is met, the UE considers the leaving condition for this event to be met. —◆In this measurement, the UE considers the NR serving cell corresponding to the measObjectNR associated with this event. —◆Inequality A1-1 (entering condition) Ms - Hys > Thresh —◆Inequality A1-2 (leaving condition) Ms + Hys < Thresh —◆The variables in the formulas are defined as follows: —◆Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, without considering any offsets. —◆Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (hysteresis as defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (a1-Threshold defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Ms is expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Hys is expressed in dB. --◆Thresh is expressed in the same units as Ms.

[0014] ◆Event A2: Serving falls below the absolute threshold (Cell quality in the area falls below the threshold). —◆The UE does the following: —◆If condition A2-1 below is met, the UE considers the join condition for this event to be met. —◆If condition A2-2 below is met, the UE considers the leave condition for this event to be met. —◆In this measurement, the UE considers the NR serving cell corresponding to the measObjectNR associated with this event. —◆Note: If the SCell indicated by the measObjectNR associated with this event is not detectable, the UE considers the lowest value in the range of the measured quantity as the SCell measurement to be the value of Ms. —◆Inequality A2-1 (Join condition) Ms + Hys < Thresh —◆Inequality A2-2 (Leave condition) Ms - Hys > Thresh —◆The variables in the formulas are defined as follows. --◆Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, without considering any offsets. --◆Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (hysteresis as defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (a2-Threshold as defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Ms is expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Hys is expressed in dB. --◆Thresh is expressed in the same units as Ms.

[0015] ◆Event A3: The adjacent cells become better than a value that is offset by an amount better than the PCell / PSCell (the quality of the adjacent cells becomes better than a value that is offset by an amount better than the quality of the SpCell). —◆The UE does the following: —◆If condition A3-1 below is met, the UE considers the join condition for this event to be met. —◆If condition A3-2 below is met, the UE considers the exit condition for this event to be met. —◆The UE uses SpCell for Mp, Ofp, and Ocp. —◆Note 1: One or more cells that trigger this event have a reference signal indicated in the measObjectNR associated with this event. That measObjectNR may be different from the measObjectNR of NR SpCell. ―◆Inequality A3-1 (Joining condition) Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off ―◆Inequality A3-2 (Leaving condition) Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys<Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off ―◆The variables in the formulas are defined as follows: ――◆Mn is the measurement result of the adjacent cell, without considering any offsets. ――◆Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the reference signal of the adjacent cell (offsetMO defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the adjacent cell). ――◆Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the adjacent cell, or cellIndividualOffset defined in reportConfigNR), and is set to zero if not set for the adjacent cell. ――◆Mp is the measurement result of SpCell, without considering any offsets. --◆Ofp is the measurement object-specific offset of SpCell (offsetMO defined within measObjectNR corresponding to SpCell).--◆Ocp is the cell-specific offset of SpCell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to SpCell), and is set to zero if not set for SpCell. --◆Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (hysteresis defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Off is the offset parameter for this event (a3-Offset defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Mn and Mp are expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys, and Off are expressed in dB. --◆Note 2: The definition of event A3 also applies to CondEventA3.

[0016] ◆Event A4: Adjacent cells are better than the absolute threshold (adjacent cell quality is worse than the threshold). —◆The UE does the following: —◆If condition A4-1 below is met, the UE considers the join condition for this event to be met. —◆If condition A4-2 below is met, the UE considers the exit condition for this event to be met. —◆Inequality A4-1 (Join condition) Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thresh —◆Inequality A4-2 (Exit condition) Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh —◆The variables in the formulas are defined as follows: —◆Mn is the measurement result of adjacent cells without considering any offsets, or the measurement result of the serving PSCell in the case of conditional handover (CHO) using candidate SCG(s) (in the case where it is set as a candidate PSCell for CondEventA4 evaluation). --◆Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell (offsetMO defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the adjacent cell). --◆Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the adjacent cell, or cellIndividualOffset defined in reportConfigNR), and is set to zero if not set for the adjacent cell. --◆Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (hysteresis defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (a4-Threshold defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Mn is expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Ofn, Ocn, and Hys are expressed in dB. --◆Thresh is expressed in the same units as Mn. ―◆Note: The definition of Event A4 also applies to CondEventA4.

[0017] ◆Event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold 1, and its neighbors become better than another absolute threshold 2 (SpCell quality becomes worse than threshold 1, and neighboring cell quality becomes better than threshold 2). —◆The UE does the following: —◆If both conditions A5-1 and A5-2 below are met, the UE considers the join condition for this event to be met. —◆If at least one of conditions A5-3 and A5-4 below is met, the UE considers the exit condition for this event to be met. —◆The UE uses SpCell for Mp. —◆Note 1: Multiple parameters of one or more reference signals of one or more cells that trigger this event are indicated in the measObjectNR associated with this event. ―◆Inequality A5-1 (Joining condition) Mp+Hys<Thresh1 ―◆Inequality A5-2 (Joining condition) Mp+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh2 ―◆Inequality A5-3 (Leaving condition) Mp-Hys>Thresh1 ―◆Inequality A5-4 (Leaving condition) Mp+Ofn+Ocn+Hys<Thresh2 ―◆The variables in the formulas are defined as follows: ――◆Mp is the measurement result of NR SpCell, without considering any offsets. ――◆Mn is the measurement result of the adjacent cell, without considering any offsets. ――◆Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell (offsetMO defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the adjacent cell). --◆Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the adjacent cell, or cellIndividualOffset defined in reportConfigNR), and is set to zero if it is not set for the adjacent cell. --◆Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (hysteresis defined in reportConfigNR for this event).--◆Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event (a5-Threshold1 defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Thresh2 is the threshold parameter for this event (a5-Threshold2 defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Mn and Mp are expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Ofn, Ocn, and Hys are expressed in dB. --◆Thresh1 is expressed in the same units as Mp. --◆Thresh2 is expressed in the same units as Mn. --◆Note 2: The definition of event A5 also applies to CondEventA5.

[0018] ◆Event A6: The adjacent value becomes better than the value of SCell by the amount of the offset.

[0019] ◆Event D1: The distance between the UE and the reference location referenceLocation1 becomes greater than the set threshold distanceThreshFromReference1, and the distance between the UE and the reference location referenceLocation2 becomes less than the set threshold distanceThreshFromReference2.

[0020] ◆Event D2: The distance between the UE and the serving cell moving reference position determined based on movingReferenceLocation, its corresponding satellite ephemeris, and the epoch time broadcast within SIB19 becomes greater than the set threshold distanceThreshFromReference1, and the distance between the UE and the moving reference position determined based on referenceLocation, its corresponding satellite ephemeris, and the epoch time for adjacent cells provided within the associated MeasObjectNR becomes less than the set threshold distanceThreshFromReference2.

[0021] ◆Conditional Event (CondEvent) A3: The conditional reset candidate becomes better than the good value by an offset amount relative to SpCell.

[0022] ◆Conditional Event A4: The conditionally reset candidate improves beyond the absolute threshold. Here, conditional event A4 can be used for the current PSCell (i.e., the case set as the candidate PSCell for the evaluation of conditional event A4) for the conditional handover (CHO) of the candidate SCG(s) case.

[0023] ◆Conditional Event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold 1, AND the adjacent becomes better than another absolute threshold 2.

[0024] When an event's joining conditions are met, beam reports are generated at specific intervals (e.g., reporting intervals) starting after a specific time period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT) set for the event). When an event's leaving conditions are met, a report of the event's leaving is generated [if set].

[0025] For each measId contained in the measIdList within VarMeasConfig, if there are one or more applicable cells for all measurements after Layer 3 filtering performed during the TTT defined for the event in VarMeasConfig, and if the entering conditions applicable to that event (the event corresponding to the eventId in the corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig) are met, the UE initiates the measurement reporting procedure.

[0026] <Measurement Model> In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE measures multiple (at least one) beams of a cell, and the measurement results (power values) are averaged to derive cell quality. The UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering is performed at two different levels (first, deriving beam quality at the physical layer, and then deriving cell quality from multiple beams at the RRC level). Cell quality from beam measurements is derived in the same way for one or more serving cells and one or more non-serving cells. The measurement report includes measurement results for X best beams (if the UE is configured by gNB).

[0027] K beams (gNB beams 1 to K) correspond to multiple measurements on an SSB or CSI-RS resource, configured by the gNB for L3 mobility and detected by the UE at L1. The measurement model is as follows: ◆ The measurement results of the K beams (point A) are measurements within the physical layer (beam-specific samples) [results]. ◆ Layer 1 (L1) filtering is internal L1 filtering of the input measured at point A. Strict filtering is implementation-dependent. ◆ The L1 filtering result (point A1) is a measurement (beam-specific measurement) reported to layer 3 by layer 1 after L1 filtering. ◆ In beam consolidation / selection, beam-specific measurements are consolidated to derive cell quality. The behavior of beam consolidation / selection is standardized, and the configuration of this module is provided by RRC signaling. The reporting period in cell quality (result of beam consolidation / selection, point B) is equal to one measurement period at point A1. ◆Point B is a measurement (cell quality) derived from beam-specific measurements reported to Layer 3 after beam integration / selection. ◆L3 filtering on cell quality is filtering performed on the measurement provided at point B. The behavior of the Layer 3 filter is standardized, and the Layer 3 filter settings are provided by RRC signaling. The filtering reporting period in the L3 filtering result (point C) is equal to one reporting period at point B. ◆Point C is a measurement after processing in the Layer 3 filter. The reporting rate is the same as the reporting rate at point B. This measurement is used as input for the evaluation of one or more reporting criteria. ◆The evaluation of the reporting criteria verifies whether an actual measurement report is required in the evaluation result (point D). The evaluation can be based on more than one flow of measurements at point C (e.g., comparing between multiple different measurements). The UE evaluates the reporting criteria each time a new measurement result is reported at least at point C and in the input (point C1).The reporting criteria are standardized, and their settings are provided by RRC signaling (UE measurement). ◆Point D is the measurement report information (message) transmitted over the wireless interface. ◆L3 beam filtering is filtering performed on the measurement (beam-specific measurement) provided at point A1. The behavior of the beam filter is standardized, and its settings are provided by RRC signaling. The filtering report period in the L3 beam filtering result (point E) is equal to one measurement period at point A1. ◆Point E is the measurement (beam-specific measurement) after processing in the beam filter. Its reporting rate is the same as the reporting rate at point A1. This measurement is used as input for the selection of X measurements to be reported. ◆Beam selection for beam reporting selects X measurements from the multiple measurements provided at point E. The behavior of beam selection is standardized, and its settings are provided by RRC signaling. ◆Beam selection result (point F) is the beam measurement information contained in the measurement report [transmitted] over the wireless interface.

[0028] L1 filtering may incorporate measurement averaging.

[0029] <L3 Filtering> Before using the measurement results for each cell measurement, each beam measurement, etc., for evaluation of reporting standards, measurement reports, etc., the UE filters the measurement results using the following formula: F n =(1-a)*F n-1 +a*M n Here, M n This is the latest measurement result received from the physical layer. F n This is an updated and filtered measurement result, used for evaluating reporting standards, measurement reporting, etc. F n-1 This is the filtered measurement result from the past. Here, when the first measurement result from the physical layer is received, F0 is set to M1. For MeasObjectNR, a = 1 / 2 (k_i / 4)Here, \(k_i\) is the filter coefficient for the corresponding measurement quantity of the \(i\)-th QuantityConfigNR in the quantityConfigNR-List. \(i\) is indicated by the quantityConfigIndex in the MeasObjectNR.

[0030] Note that the UE adjusts its filter so that the time characteristics of the filter are maintained at different input rates, assuming a sample rate where the filter coefficient \(k\) is equal to \(X\) ms. The value of \(X\) is equal to the L1 measurement period within one frequency (intra-frequency), assuming non-discontinuous reception (non-DRX) operation, and depends on the frequency range.

[0031] <Derivation of cell measurement results> The network sets the UE in RRC_CONNECTED to derive measurement results of RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR for each cell associated with the NR measurement object based on parameters set in measObject (e.g., the maximum number of beams to be averaged, beam integration threshold) and reportConfig (the rsType to be measured, SS / PBCH block, or CSI-RS).

[0032] The UE performs the following on each cell measurement derived based on the SS / PBCH block: ◆If the number of beams to average (nrofSS-BlocksToAverage) is not set in the associated measObject in RRC_CONNECTED, or if the absolute threshold (absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation) is not set in the associated measObject in RRC_CONNECTED, or if the highest beam measurement is less than or equal to the absolute threshold, the UE derives each cell measurement as the value of the highest beam measurement. ◆Otherwise, the UE derives each cell measurement as the linear power-scale average of the highest multiple beam measurement values ​​that are higher than the absolute threshold. Here, the total number of beams averaged does not exceed the number of beams to average. ◆In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE applies layer 3 cell filtering.

[0033] The UE performs the following for each cell measurement derived based on the CSI-RS block: ◆ If the CSI-RS resource is contained within csi-rs-CellMobility, which includes the cell's physCellId within the CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility in the associated measObject, the UE considers that the CSI-RS resource is applicable to the derivation of the cell measurement. ◆ If the associated measObject does not have an average beam count (nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage), or an absolute threshold (absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation), or the highest beam measurement is less than or equal to the absolute threshold, the UE derives each cell measurement based on the cell's available CSI-RS resources as the value of the highest beam measurement. ◆ Otherwise, the UE derives each cell measurement as the linear power-scale average of the highest multiple beam measurement values ​​that are higher than the absolute threshold. Here, the total number of beams to be averaged does not exceed the number of beams to be averaged. ◆The UE applies layer 3 cell filtering.

[0034] (L1 / L2 Inter-Cell Mobility) The UE may perform UL transmission for one or more cells / TRPs. As procedures in this case, the following Scenario 1 or Scenario 2 can be considered. In the present disclosure, the serving cell may be reconfigured as a TRP within the serving cell. Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2), DCI / Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) may be reconfigured with each other. In the present disclosure, a Physical Cell Identity (PCI) different from the current serving cell's PCI may simply be referred to as a "different PCI". Non-serving cells, cells with different PCIs, and additional cells may be reconfigured with each other.

[0035] <Scenario 1> Scenario 1 corresponds to, for example, multi-TRP inter-cell mobility, but may also correspond to a scenario that does not correspond to multi-TRP inter-cell mobility.

[0036] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the SSB settings for beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to a PCI different from that of the serving cell, and the settings necessary to use wireless resources for data transmission and reception, including the resources of the different PCI. (2) The UE performs beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to the different PCI and reports the beam measurement results to the serving cell. (3) Based on the above report, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status associated with the TRP corresponding to the different PCI is activated by L1 / L2 signaling from the serving cell. (4) The UE transmits and receives using a dedicated channel on the TRP corresponding to the different PCI. (5) The UE must always cover the serving cell, including in the case of multiple TRPs. The UE must use a common channel from the serving cell (Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Channel (PCH)), etc., as in conventional systems.

[0037] In Scenario 1, when the UE sends and receives signals with the additional cell / TRP (the TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the UE's assumption of the serving cell) remains unchanged. The UE sets higher-layer parameters related to the PCI of the non-serving cell from the serving cell. Scenario 1 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0038] Figure 1A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. It assumes a UE moving from a PCI#1 cell (serving cell) to a PCI#3 cell (additional cell) (overlapping with the serving cell). In this case, Rel. 17 does not support L1 / L2 switching of serving cells.

[0039] An additional cell is a cell with an additional PCI that is different from the PCI of the serving cell. UEs can receive and transmit UE-dedicated channels from additional cells. UEs need to be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short messages). If a UE moves outside the coverage of the serving cell, a cell switch is required, such as through a handover (also called L3 mobility).

[0040] <Scenario 2> In Scenario 2, L1 / L2 cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 cell mobility, serving cell changes can be made using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. In other words, transmission and reception with additional cells are possible without handover. Since handover requires RRC reconnection and other factors, resulting in a period of no data communication, applying L1 / L2 cell mobility that does not require handover allows data communication to continue even when the serving cell is changed. Scenario 2 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 18. In Scenario 2, for example, the following procedure is performed.

[0041] (1) The UE receives the SSB configuration of a cell with a different PCI (additional cell) from the serving cell for beam measurement / serving cell change. (2) The UE performs beam measurement on the cell using the different PCI and reports the measurement results to the serving cell. (3) The UE may receive the configuration of the cell with the different PCI (serving cell configuration) by upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC). In other words, a pre-configuration regarding the serving cell change may be performed. This configuration may be performed together with the configuration in (1) or separately. (4) Based on the above report, the TCI state of the cell with the different PCI may be activated by L1 / L2 signaling in accordance with the serving cell change. The activation of the TCI state and the serving cell change may be performed separately. (5) The UE changes the serving cell (assumed serving cell) and starts receiving / transmitting using the pre-configured UE-specific channel and TCI state.

[0042] In other words, in Scenario 2, the serving cell (the assumed serving cell in the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may also be applied in Rel. 18.

[0043] Figure 1B shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. In Rel. 18, serving cells are switched by L1 / L2 (e.g., DCI / MAC CE). UEs can receive / transmit UE-dedicated / common channels to and from the new serving cell (or target serving cell). UEs may leave the coverage of the current serving cell (e.g., Current serving cell).

[0044] (Event-Triggered Beam Reporting / UE-Initiated Beam Report (UEIBR)) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 19 and beyond), support for event-based beam reporting is being considered. Event-based beam reporting may also be called event-triggered beam reporting, or UE-initiated beam reporting (UEIBR).

[0045] In existing 5G NR, the aforementioned Event Ax, Event Dx, and Conditional Event Ax are defined.

[0046] Beam management (UEIBM) initiated by UEIBR / UE can be used for measurement reporting, beam switching, cell switching, etc.

[0047] <Applicable Cases> UEIBR may be applied, for example, in at least one of the following Case 1 or Case 2: • Case 1: L1-RSRP / SINR beam reporting including serving cell PCI / additional PCI (e.g., L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility / inter-cell multi-TRP (M-TRP inter-cell) / L1-RSRP / SINR beam reporting including serving cell / additional PCI cell for Rel. 18 L1 / L2 mobility with cell switching). • Case 2: L1-RSRP / SINR beam reporting including serving cell PCI only.

[0048] The UE may report the measurement results (e.g., at least L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and the corresponding resource indicator / RS index) to the NW when a specific event occurs (which may be interpreted in this disclosure as a specific condition being met / not met, a specific event being matched, etc.).

[0049] The specific event may be, for example, at least one of an event relating to a serving cell and an additional cell, and at least one of an event relating to a beam report including at least one of the PCI of the serving cell and the PCI of the additional cell.

[0050] <UEIBR Trigger Conditions / Events> The UEIBR [Rel. 19] may be triggered when certain conditions (events) are met. For example, a UE may apply different / identical conditions / events to the triggers of the following beam reports.

[0051] • UE Feature #1: UEIBR for MIMO [Rel. 19]. • UE Feature #2: UEIBR for mobility [Rel. 19].

[0052] Different UE capabilities may be introduced / defined between UE features #1 and #2. Furthermore, different higher-layer parameters may be set to enable each UE feature. UE features and UE capabilities may be interchangeable.

[0053] UE does not expect UE features #1 and #2 to be set simultaneously in a given BWP / CC / band / frequency range / frequency (or for each UE).

[0054] A UE may have UE features #1 and #2 set simultaneously in a given BWP / CC / band / frequency range / frequency (or per UE). For example, a UE may have predefined which events (which UE features) to prioritize, if set, and this may be set / instructed by upper-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling.

[0055] This disclosure may be applied within the Unified TCI Framework.

[0056] This disclosure may apply only if the corresponding UE capability is reported, or if the corresponding higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC) is notified / reported.

[0057] <UEIBR for MIMO> With respect to the UEIBR for MIMO [Rel. 19], the following may apply:

[0058] - MAC CE in PUCCH. - UCI in periodic / semi-persistent PUCCH, UCI in dynamic grant (DG) / configured grant (CG) PUCCH. - The relationship between the MAC CE-based method and the UCI-based method described above. For example, two independent methods may be configurable. Alternatively, a UCI-based method may be applied in addition to a MAC CE-based method (a combination of the two methods (2-step method) may be applied).

[0059] The report content may be essentially the same as existing L1 beam measurement reports, and may include at least one of the following, for example: • SSBRI / CRI. • Number of beams to be reported (X). • Method for selecting X beams. • L1-RSRP / SINR (absolute value / difference value) for each SSBRI / CRI. If MAC CE is used, • Indicator indicating whether the following octets are included. If MAC CE / UCI is used, • Serving cell ID, BWP ID (if the report requires activation of the TCI state or beam switching).

[0060] Events related to the UEIBR for MIMO may be broadly categorized into the following event types: ◆ Event 1: The quality of the current beam falls below a certain threshold. ◆ Event 2: The quality of at least one new beam improves by a threshold compared to the quality of the current beam (the quality of at least one new beam improves by the current beam plus a threshold). ◆ Event 3: The quality of a new beam improves above a certain threshold. ◆ Event 4: The quality of the current beam falls below a first threshold, and the quality of at least one new beam improves above a second threshold (the quality of the current beam falls below a first threshold, and the quality of at least one new beam improves above a second threshold). ◆ Event 5: The absolute difference between the quality of the current beam and the quality of at least one new beam falls below a certain threshold. ◆ Event 6: The current beam is no longer included in the best K beams [of the beams set up for measurement / reporting]. K > 1. ◆Event 7: The quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the quality of the RS derived from the Q-th best quality activated [active] TCI state (the quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the quality of the RS derived from the Q-th best quality activated [active] TCI state). Q is 1 or greater and may be set in the RRC [based on UE capability reporting]. ◆Event 8: The quality of M new beams is better than a threshold value relative to the current beam quality (the quality of M new beams is higher than the current beam quality plus a threshold). M > 1. ◆Event 9: The quality of at least one new beam is better than a threshold value relative to the set reference RS quality (the quality of at least one new beam is higher than the set reference RS quality plus a threshold). The reference RS may be an SSB / CSI-RS.

[0061] In this disclosure, quality, measurement results, L1 measurement results, L1-RSRP, and L1-SINR may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0062] It should be noted that the events exemplified in this way do not exclude other events.

[0063] Priorities may be assigned to events 1 through 9. For example, one of events 1 through 9 (e.g., event 2) may have the highest priority (e.g., event 2 may be given priority in the decision-making process).

[0064] For example, in event 2, the current beam may be determined / derived based on the QCL RS of the indicated TCI state (e.g., QCL source RS).

[0065] For example, for the current beam in event 2, at least one of the following beam options 2a to 2c may be supported: • Beam option 2a: The RS corresponding to the current beam is implicitly derived / determined based on the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Beam option 2b: The RS corresponding to the current beam is an SSB that is QCL'd with the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Beam option 2c: The RS corresponding to the current beam is explicitly set / indicated using RRC signaling / MAC CE.

[0066] For example, for a new beam in Event 2, at least one of the following beam options 3a to 3c may be supported: • Beam option 3a: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [explicitly] set using RRC signaling (e.g., resetting of existing RS measurements, or setting parameters for TCI states (e.g., TCI-State)) / MAC CE. • Beam option 3b: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [implicitly] derived / determined based on the QCL RS of the activated TCI state (active TCI state). • Beam option 3c: The RS corresponding to the new beam is [implicitly] derived / determined based on the QCL RS of one or more TCI states in a setting subset of the list of TCI states set by RRC (set TCI states).

[0067] For example, multiple schemes may be supported for the reference signal measurement (RS measurement) of the current beam for event 2 (and beam option 2a): • Scheme 1: The RS of the current beam is the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Scheme 2: The RS of the current beam is the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state and the QCLed SSB.

[0068] If there are two QCL RSs in the indicated TCI state, the QCL RSs may be of QCL type D.

[0069] At least one of CSI-RS and SSB may be supported as a QCL RS to be set / applied to the indicated TCI state. When CSI-RS is set / applied as the QCL RS, at least one of a tracking CSI-RS (TRS) and a measurement CSI-RS may be supported. The measurement CSI-RS may be a CSI-RS used for L1-RSRP / L1-SINR or a CSI-RS used for beam management (BM).

[0070] In Scheme 1, only a TRS (e.g., one tracking CSI-RS) may be set as the QCL-RS (e.g., type A / D) for the indicated TCI state.

[0071] If only TRS is set as the QCL-RS for the indicated TCI state, a reference signal different from the TRS (e.g., the RS corresponding to the TRS) may be selected for measuring / reporting the RS of the current beam.

[0072] For the current beam RS measurement in Event 2 / Option 2a, [in addition to Schemes 1 and 2], at least one of the following processing options 1 to 4 may be applied when only one TRS is set in the indicated TCI state:

[0073] • Processing Option 1: An additional scheme is introduced. The RS for the current beam can be the CSI-RS for beam management derived from the QCL RS in the indicated TCI state. • Processing Option 2: TRS is further supported as the measured RS for the current beam to determine the L1-RSRP. • Processing Option 3: An additional scheme is introduced. The RS for the current beam is explicitly set / indicated by the RRC or MAC CE. • Processing Option 4: No further extensions are made.

[0074] Explicit RS settings for measuring new beams in Event 2 may be configured in a single RS resource set associated with the CSI reporting settings.

[0075] In this case, if existing UE capabilities cannot be reused, a UE capability indicating the maximum number of RSs to be set within the RS resource set may be defined / introduced.

[0076] The RS within that single RS resource set may be updated by MAC CE.

[0077] UEIBR for MIMO may be transmitted using UCI.

[0078] In a UCI-based UEIBR procedure using UCI, the following modes may be supported:

[0079] <<Mode A>> Mode A relates to the dynamic scheduling of UCI by NW (gNB). That is, in Mode A, resources for UCI are scheduled by gNB. Mode A may be a basic function of the UE (a UE that supports UEIBR may naturally support this function).

[0080] Step 1: The UE transmits a first UL channel (e.g., PUCCH). The first UL channel is a UL channel that pre-notifies / requests a second UL channel (e.g., PUCCH) for transmitting beam reports, and may consist of one or more bits.

[0081] Step 2: The UE detects the DCI format indicating the second UL channel resource.

[0082] Step 3: The UE transmits the beam report using the resource (UCI) on the second UL channel.

[0083] In mode A, a 1-bit instruction in at least the first UL channel (PUCCH) may be supported to request resources on the second UL channel for transmitting beam reports.

[0084] In this case, periodic PUCCH resources (PUCCH format 0 / 1) can be set up by dedicated upper-layer signaling.

[0085] An RRC parameter (e.g., reportResourceRequest-UEIBR) corresponding to the one-bit instruction (for setting the one-bit instruction) may be defined. The RRC parameter may be identified using a specific ID (e.g., a dedicated SchedulingRequestId).

[0086] Furthermore, an RRC parameter (e.g., firstPUCCHResourceConfig-ModeA-UEIBR) for periodic PUCCH resource configuration corresponding to the 1-bit instruction may be defined. This RRC parameter does not need to be associated with the SR ID (e.g., SchedulingRequestId).

[0087] The RRC parameters may include, for example, period and offset setting parameters (periodicityAndOffset) and a PUCCH resource ID (e.g., PUCCH-ResourceID).

[0088] These RRC parameter specifications may also apply to cases using at least one CC (single CC).

[0089] The DCI format in step 2 may be, for example, UL Grant DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3), and the second UL channel in step 3 may utilize at least PUSCH.

[0090] Furthermore, the DCI format in step 2 may be, for example, DL Grant DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_1 / 1_2), and the second UL channel in step 3 may utilize PUCCH.

[0091] A new 1-bit field in the DL grant DCI may be defined to instruct the transmission of the UEIBR.

[0092] PUCCH resources intended for HARQ-ACK transmission may be (re)used to transmit both HARQ-ACK and UEIBR.

[0093] <<Mode B>> Mode B relates to the UCI in the pre-configured resources for the second UL channel.

[0094] Step 1: The UE transmits a first UL channel (e.g., PUCCH). The first UL channel is a UL channel that notifies a second UL channel for transmitting beam reports, and may consist of one or more bits.

[0095] Step 2: The UE transmits a beam report on the second UL channel (for example, using a specific resource (UCI) within the channel).

[0096] Note that the notification in Step 1 may be included in a separate reporting instance from the beam report in Step 2.

[0097] In mode B, a one-bit instruction on at least the first UL channel (PUCCH) may be supported to indicate that the second UL channel will transmit a beam report.

[0098] In this case, periodic PUCCH resources (PUCCH format 0 / 1) can be set up by dedicated upper-layer signaling.

[0099] In either mode A or B as described above, cross-CC (component carrier) beam reporting may be supported.

[0100] An RRC parameter (e.g., reportResourceRequest-UEIBR) corresponding to the one-bit instruction (for setting the one-bit instruction) may be defined. The RRC parameter may be identified using a specific ID (e.g., a dedicated SchedulingRequestId).

[0101] Furthermore, an RRC parameter (e.g., firstPUCCHResourceConfig-ModeB-UEIBR) for periodic PUCCH resource configuration corresponding to the 1-bit instruction may be defined. This RRC parameter does not need to be associated with the SR ID (e.g., SchedulingRequestId).

[0102] The RRC parameters may include, for example, period and offset setting parameters (periodicityAndOffset) and a PUCCH resource ID (e.g., PUCCH-ResourceID).

[0103] These RRC parameter specifications may also apply to cases using at least one CC (single CC).

[0104] The second UL channel in step 2 may be, for example, a type 1 configured grant (CG) PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0105] <UEIBR for Mobility> With respect to the UEIBR for mobility (e.g., LTM) in Rel. 19, the following may apply:

[0106] - MAC CE in semi-persistent / aperiodic PUCCH. - UCI in periodic / semi-persistent PUCCH, UCI in semi-persistent / aperiodic PUCCH.

[0107] The report may include, for example, at least one of the following: If the measurement report is used for cell switching reporting, in addition to MIMO-related information: an indicator showing whether or not a cell switch has occurred, or TA-related information. Otherwise (if the measurement report is not used for cell switching reporting): the same information as MIMO-related information (the only difference being whether it is within a cell or between cells).

[0108] The supported events may be the same as those for a Conditional Hand-Over (CHO).

[0109] For example, since candidate cells are set based on the L3 measurement report, L1-RSRP / SINR may be used as the threshold.

[0110] If the report is used for cell switching commands, specific domain filters (e.g., time / frequency / space) may be considered / applied to prevent frequent switching.

[0111] It may also be specified whether flexibility in the trigger time (e.g., 5 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds) is required.

[0112] In the case of L1 measurements using UEIBR, at least the results of beam-level measurements may be used for event evaluation.

[0113] Events related to UEIBR for mobility may be broadly categorized into the following event types: ◆ Event LTM2: The beam quality of the serving cell falls below the absolute threshold. ◆ Event LTM3: The beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the beam quality of the serving cell by an offset amount. ◆ Event LTM4: The beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the beam quality of the serving cell plus an offset amount. ◆ Event LTM5: The beam quality of the serving cell falls below the first absolute threshold, AND the beam quality of the candidate cell is better than the second absolute threshold.

[0114] It should be noted that the events exemplified in this way do not exclude other events. Furthermore, the MIMO-oriented events described above may be reused as appropriate (in this case, "current beam" may be replaced with "serving cell beam," and "new beam" with "candidate cell beam"). These reused / re-interpreted events may be called mobility / LTM-oriented events corresponding to MIMO-oriented events.

[0115] UEIBR for mobility may be transmitted using MAC CE.

[0116] <Definition of wording for specific events> In the existing events described above, the definitions of Serving [cell] and Neighbor [cell] may be reinterpreted / updated as follows in the UEIBR for Rel. 19.

[0117] For example, in existing L3 events, Serving [Cell], SpCell, and PCell may be interpreted interchangeably with the current beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the indicated [Joint / DL]TCI state) in event-triggered beam reports for MIMO in Rel. 19.

[0118] Furthermore, in existing L3 events, Serving [Cell], SpCell, and PCell may be interpreted interchangeably with the current beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the indicated [Joint / DL] TCI state) or the serving cell's beam (e.g., the RS ID associated with the serving cell's PCI TCI state) in the event-triggered beam reports for mobility in Rel. 19.

[0119] In existing L3 events, adjacent [cells] may be interpreted interchangeably with other beams (e.g., RS IDs that are not associated with the indicated [joint / DL]TCI state but are associated with the RS ID for the L1 beam measurement) in event-triggered beam reports for MIMO (which may be mobility) in Rel. 19.

[0120] Furthermore, adjacent [cells] in existing L3 events may be interpreted as corresponding to beams of non-serving cells / target cells / candidate cells (e.g., RS IDs associated with the TCI status of the PCI of target cells / candidate cells) in event-triggered beam reports for mobility in Rel. 19.

[0121] The measured values ​​of each reference signal (RS) may be RSRP / SINR, L3-RSRP / SINR, L1-RSRP / SINR, or the average of multiple L1-RSRP / SINR values.

[0122] For example, L1-RSRP / SINR can change dynamically. Therefore, by averaging multiple (X) L1-RSRP / SINR values ​​(e.g., X=5), control hunting (frequent switching of trigger states) in beam reporting triggers can be avoided.

[0123] (Mobility Enhancements) The following measurement-related enhancements are being considered to support LTM:

[0124] Regarding the objectives of event-triggered measurement for MIMO and mobility expansion, the lower-layer and upper-layer studies are being conducted independently.

[0125] In this disclosure, the lower layer may be Layer 1 (physical layer) or may be called Wireless Access Network (RAN) 1. The upper layer may be Layers 2 and 3 (RRC) or may be called Wireless Access Network (RAN) 2.

[0126] In considering the upper layers, the following are being considered:

[0127] ◆As an L1 LTM measurement event, it is being considered to support at least one of the aforementioned multiple LTM events based on the beam intrinsic quality of the serving cell and candidate cell.

[0128] ◆The current beam is used for event evaluation in the L1 measurement report for the serving cell. The current beam may also be the beam corresponding to the indicated TCI state.

[0129] ◆Any beam can be used within the candidate RS setting for LTM event evaluation.

[0130] ◆Beam-level measurement results, rather than cell-level measurement results, are used for LTM event evaluation.

[0131] ◆LTM event-triggered measurement settings can serve as a baseline. —◆LTM measurement resource settings are provided within LTM-Config. —◆Event-triggered reporting settings are provided within the serving cell settings.

[0132] ◆ The MAC layer handles event evaluation and measurement reporting triggering.

[0133] ◆All event evaluation procedures are processed by MAC based on the latest L1 measurement results reported by L1.

[0134] (L1 Measurement Reporting) Existing L1 measurement reporting supports three reporting types: periodic (P) reporting, semi-persistent (SP) reporting, and aperiodic (AP) reporting. Support for event-triggered L1 measurement reporting is being considered.

[0135] Regarding event-triggered L1 measurement reporting, the following extensions to measurements for supporting LTM in upper and lower layers are being considered: ◆ The measurement extensions should be applicable to intra-CU MCG / SCG LTM and inter-CU MCG / SCG LTM. ◆ Components necessary to support event-triggered L1 measurement reporting. ◆ Specify support for CSI-RS measurements for LTM procedures and enable at least one of the following: beam management based on CSI-RS and physical layer operations on multiple candidate cells required before LTM.

[0136] (Measurement extensions for LTM) Several items are being considered regarding the extension of measurements for LTM.

[0137] ◆1. Event-triggered L1 measurements are designed for the following LTM purposes: —Selecting candidate beams / cells to trigger early sychronization. —Selecting a target beam / cell and triggering the LTM cell switching procedure.

[0138] ◆2. In event-triggered L1 measurements, the use of beam-level measurement results for event evaluation should be the baseline.

[0139] ◆3. Support the aforementioned LTM events 2 to 5 as L1 LTM measurement events, based on the beam intrinsic quality of the serving cell and candidate cell.

[0140] ◆4. Support both SSB and CSI-RS beam settings in the L1 measurement resource settings within the LTM settings. Here, it may be assumed that in event LTM3 and event LTM5, the same RS type (e.g., SSB or SSB) is used for both the serving cell and the candidate cell (adjacent cell).

[0141] ◆5. The upper layer may assume that filtering of L1 measurement results is necessary. In the lower layer, L1 filtering may be specified in the specification or depend on the UE implementation.

[0142] ◆6. In LTM event evaluation, at least one of the following may be applied: time to trigger (TTT), hysteresis for entering / leaving, and beam-specific / cell-specific offset.

[0143] (Issue) Event-triggered L1 measurement reports are expected to be used to trigger early synchronization and cell switching in LTM. In particular, for cell switching, it is important not only to detect a good quality beam, but also for the target cell to be of good quality. The evaluation of cell quality has not been sufficiently considered in event-triggered L1 measurement reports. If such consideration is insufficient, it may lead to a decrease in communication quality / throughput.

[0144] Therefore, the inventors conceived a method for evaluating cell quality in event-triggered L1 measurement reports. This method allows for the detection of high-quality beams through beam-level events while simultaneously ensuring the quality of the cell to which those beams belong. Furthermore, in the [Rel. 19] event-triggered L1 measurement report, it becomes possible to report high-quality beams to the UE while ensuring cell quality, enabling higher-quality communication through more appropriate beam-level mobility.

[0145] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0146] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0147] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0148] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0149] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0150] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0151] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0152] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0153] In this disclosure, cell group, serving cell group, master cell group (MCG), and secondary cell group (SCG) may be interpreted interchangeably. L1 / L2, L1 / L2 signaling, and DCI / MAC CE may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be replaced with a cell that transmits a PDSCH. A candidate cell may mean a cell that is a candidate to become a serving cell through L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility. L1 / L2-triggered mobility (or Lower layer triggered mobility, LTM) and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0154] In this disclosure, cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within CC, and band may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, cell, PCI, cell with additional PCI, additional cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with a different PCI, candidate cell, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the current serving cell's PCI, another serving cell, and target cell may be interpreted interchangeably. A target cell may be a cell selected from among several candidate cells. In this disclosure, switch, change, and update may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be interpreted as a serving cell before a switch or a serving cell after a switch.

[0155] In this disclosure, "transmission" and "reception" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0156] In this disclosure, MAC CE, UCI, cell switching command, beam switching command, MAC CE for beam reporting, and MAC CE for cell switching may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0157] In this disclosure, the UEIBR may be reported using PUSCH (e.g., CG PUSCH / DG PUSCH). That is, the reporting content in this disclosure may be transmitted using at least one of MAC CE / UCI / PUCCH / PUCH.

[0158] In the present disclosure, the RS to be measured may be the QCL source RS of the active TCI state / indicated TCI state.

[0159] In the present disclosure, [for Rel. 19] event-based beam reporting, event-triggered beam reporting, event-driven beam reporting, UE-triggered beam reporting, UE-initiated beam reporting (UEIBR), UE-initiated beam management (UEIBM), beam reporting, CSI reporting, UEIBR, CSI related to UEIBR, UEIBR-CSI, UEIBR-UCI, reporting, MAC CE, beam reporting MAC CE, UCI, CSI, PUSCH may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, CSI / UCI related to UEIBR may be referred to as UEIBR-CSI / UCI. In the present disclosure, [other] UCI (or simply "UCI") may mean a UCI different from CSI / UCI related to UEIBR.

[0160] In the present disclosure, the indicated TCI state, active TCI state, activated TCI state, configured TCI state, RS configured in RRC, beam may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0161] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, ceiling function may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, floor function may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, ceil(x), floor(x) may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root of x, root x may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), mod function, modulo operation may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , f(i) over i = M, M + 1,..., M + N - 1 or fi The sum of f(M) + f(M+1) + ... + f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 , can be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations of choosing k values ​​from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k , may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0162] In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A b c The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0163] In this disclosure, FR may be at least one of, for example, FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, subterahertz, and terahertz. In this disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410–7125 MHz. In this disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250–52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600–71000 MHz.

[0164] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used: ◆carrier aggregation (CA). ◆dual connectivity (DC). ◆master cell group (MCG). ◆secondary cell group (SCG). ◆primary cell (PCell). ◆primary SCG cell (PSCell): In DC operation, an SCG cell that a UE randomly accesses when performing a reconfiguration with Sync procedure. ◆special cell (SpCell): In DC operation, SpCell refers to a PCell of the MCG or a PSCell of the SCG. In other operations, SpCell refers to a PCell. ◆secondary cell (SCell): A cell that provides additional radio resources to an SpCell in a UE with CA configured. ◆dual active protocol stack (DAPS) bearer: The bearer's radio protocol is located in both the source gNB and the target gNB during a DAPS handover using both the source gNB and the target gNB.

[0165] (Wireless communication method) The UE may receive the measurement settings, evaluate / determine events based on the settings, and control the transmission of a measurement report (at least one of early synchronization and cell switching) in response to the occurrence / completion of an event. The settings may include at least one of the following: measurement object settings (measObject[NR]), LTM settings (LTM-Config), and report settings (reportConfig[NR]).

[0166] <Embodiment #1> One or more new events for LTM may be defined in a higher layer (RRC layer or MAC layer). The new event may be a third event based on a first event relating to beam quality and a second event relating to cell quality. The first event may be at least one of the aforementioned event LTMx (x is 2 to 5), the second event may be at least one of the aforementioned event Ay (y is 1 to 6), and the third event may be a combination of event LTMx and event Ay, and may be called event LTMxAy.

[0167] The event LTMx may be based on at least one of the following: a comparison of the serving cell's beam quality and absolute threshold; a comparison of the candidate cell's beam quality and the serving cell's beam quality; and a comparison of the candidate cell's beam quality and absolute threshold.

[0168] Event Ay may be based on at least one of the following: a comparison of the serving cell's cell quality and absolute threshold; a comparison of the candidate cell's cell quality and the serving cell's cell quality; and a comparison of the candidate cell's cell quality and absolute threshold.

[0169] For example, one or more events LTMxAy may be event LTMx(x=2, 3, 4, 5) AND event Ay(y=3, 4). Specifically, one or more events LTMxAy may include at least one of the following multiple events LTMxAy.

[0170] ◆Event LTM2A3: The serving cell's beam is worse than the absolute threshold, and the candidate cell is better than the value that is offset from the serving cell.

[0171] ◆Event LTM3A3: The candidate cell's beam is better than the serving cell's beam by an amount of offset, AND the candidate cell is better than the serving cell's beam by an amount of offset.

[0172] ◆Event LTM4A3: The beam of the candidate cell is better than the absolute threshold, and the candidate cell is better than the value that is offset from the serving cell.

[0173] ◆Event LTM5A3: The serving cell's beam is worse than absolute threshold 1, and the candidate cell's beam is better than another absolute threshold 2, and the candidate cell is better than a value that is offset from the serving cell.

[0174] ◆Event LTM2A4: The serving cell's beam quality deteriorates below the absolute threshold, while the candidate cell's quality improves above the absolute threshold.

[0175] ◆Event LTM3A4: The candidate cell's beam is better than the serving cell's beam by an amount of offset, AND the candidate cell is better than the absolute threshold.

[0176] ◆Event LTM4A4: The beam of the candidate cell is better than the absolute threshold, AND the candidate cell is better than the absolute threshold.

[0177] ◆Event LTM5A4: The serving cell's beam is worse than absolute threshold 1, and the candidate cell's beam is better than another absolute threshold 2, and the candidate cell is better than absolute threshold 1.

[0178] One or more new events are not limited to this example. A new event may be defined as a combination of multiple events from among Event LTM2, Event LTM3, Event LTM4, Event LTM5, Event A1, Event A2, Event A3, Event A4, and Event A5. The combination of multiple events may be the result of a logical operation between the multiple events. The logical operation may include at least one of AND and OR operations.

[0179] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately evaluate events by taking into account both beam quality and cell quality.

[0180] <Embodiment #2> The joining conditions for a new event (event LTMxAy) may be that both the joining conditions for event LTMx and the joining conditions for event Ay are met. The leaving conditions for a new event (event LTMxAy) may be that at least one of the leaving conditions for event LTMx and the leaving conditions for event Ay are met.

[0181] UE may determine (evaluate) that a new event is fulfilled (occurring) from the time the conditions for joining the new event are met until the conditions for leaving the new event are met.

[0182] For example, event LTM2A3 may have the following join conditions, leave conditions, and variables. ◆ Join conditions: Both conditions LTM2A3-1 and LTM2A3-2 below must be met. ―◆ Condition LTM2A3-1: Ms+Hys1<Thresh ―◆ Condition LTM2A3-2: Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys2>Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off ◆ Leave conditions: At least one of the following conditions LTM2A3-3 and LTM2A3-4 must be met. ―◆ Condition LTM2A3-3: Ms-Hys1>Thresh ―◆ Condition LTM2A3-4: Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys2<Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off ◆ Variables must meet the following join conditions: both conditions LTM2A3-1 and LTM2A3-2 below. ―◆The variables in the formula are defined as follows: ―◆Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell beam, without considering any offsets. ―◆Hys1 is the hysteresis parameter for this event (ltm2-hysteresis defined in reportConfigNR for this event). ―◆Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (ltm2-Threshold defined in reportConfigNR for this event). ―◆Mn is the measurement result of the candidate cell, without considering any offsets. ―◆Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the reference signal of the candidate cell (offsetMO defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the candidate cell). ―◆Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the candidate cell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the candidate cell, or cellIndividualOffset defined in reportConfigNR), and is set to zero if not set for the candidate cell. --◆Mp is the measurement result of the serving cell, without considering any offsets. --◆Ofp is the measurement object-specific offset of the serving cell (offsetMO defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the serving cell).--◆Ocp is the cell-specific offset of the serving cell (cellIndividualOffset defined in measObjectNR corresponding to the serving cell), and is set to zero if not set for the serving cell. --◆Hys2 is the hysteresis parameter for this event (a3-hysteresis defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Off is the offset parameter for this event (a3-Offset defined in reportConfigNR for this event). --◆Ms, Mn, Mp are expressed in dBm in the case of RSRP, and in dB in the case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. --◆Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys1, Hys2, Off are expressed in dB. --◆Thresh is expressed in the same units as Ms.

[0183] In the example in Figure 2, the UE determines (evaluates) that event LTM2A3 is met (occurring) from the point when both the [Join] condition LTM2A3-1 and [Join] condition LTM2A3-2 are met until the point when at least one of the [Leave] condition LTM2A3-3 and [Leave] condition LTM2A3-4 is met.

[0184] The join conditions, leave conditions, and variables for a new event are not limited to this example. Similarly, multiple combinations of join / leave conditions may be defined for multiple events among Event LTM2, Event LTM3, Event LTM4, Event LTM5, Event A1, Event A2, Event A3, Event A4, and Event A5 for other new events. Multiple combinations of join / leave conditions may be the result of a logical operation on multiple join / leave conditions. The logical operation may include at least one of AND and OR operations.

[0185] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately evaluate joining / leaving events, taking into account both beam quality and cell quality.

[0186] <Variations> In each embodiment, TTT in a new event may be set at any of the following granularities: ◆ Per beam. ◆ Per cell. ◆ Per event (per resource set).

[0187] In each embodiment, the new event may be evaluated / determined in the RRC layer or in the MAC layer.

[0188] When a new event is evaluated / determined at the RRC layer, the RRC protocol specification may define at least one of the following events: Event LTM2, Event LTM3, Event LTM4, and Event LTM5. Join and leave conditions may be defined for that event.

[0189] When a new event is evaluated / determined at the MAC layer, the MAC protocol specification may define at least one of the following events: Event A1, Event A2, Event A3, Event A4, and Event A5. Join and leave conditions may be defined for that event.

[0190] In each embodiment, event LTMx may have another name that means a beam-level event. In each embodiment, event Ax may have another name that means a cell-level event.

[0191] In each embodiment, evaluation / determination of a new event may involve determining whether the beam / cell measurement result satisfies the join / exit conditions. The beam / cell measurement result may be the L1 measurement result, the L1 filtered result [of the L1 measurement result], or the L3 filtered result [of the L1 measurement result / L1 filtered result]. The L1 / L3 filtering may be specified in the specification or depend on the UE implementation. The L1 / L3 filtering may be time-direction filtering. L1 filtering may involve applying the same formula as L3 filtering to the L1 measurement result.

[0192] In each embodiment, the beam measurement result may be the measurement result before L1 filtering, the result of L1 filtering on the beam measurement result, or the result of L3 filtering on the beam measurement result. The cell measurement result may be the result of beam integration / selection on the measurement results of one or more beams within that cell, or the result of L3 filtering on the result of that beam integration / selection.

[0193] In each embodiment, the beam [of the serving cell / candidate cell] may be one beam or more beams. The one beam may be any beam that satisfies an event (corresponding join / exit condition), or it may be the beam with the best measurement. The one or more beams may be N or fewer beams, or N beams corresponding to the Nth best measurement from the best measurement, or N or fewer beams having a measurement better than the absolute threshold. N may be set by RRC signaling.

[0194] In each embodiment, [beam / cell] quality, [L1 / L3] measurement results, [L1 / L3] RSRP, [L1 / L3] RSRQ, and [L1 / L3] SINR may be interchangeable.

[0195] In each embodiment, serving[cell], SpCell, PCell, PSCell, and SCell may be read interchangeably. For example, in event Ay, serving may be replaced with servingcell, and PCell / PSCell may be replaced with servingcell.

[0196] In each embodiment, candidate [cell], neighbor [cell], target [cell], non-serving [cell], and additional [cell] may be interpreted as one another. For example, in event Ay, neighbor may be replaced with candidate cell.

[0197] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0198] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0199] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0200] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0201] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW of at least one of the following QCL rules: ◆ QCL Type A ◆ QCL Type B ◆ QCL Type C ◆ QCL Type D

[0202] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0203] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0204] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0205] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0206] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0207] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0208] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is instructed / specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0209] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ The capability of each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each option in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each choice in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple choices in each embodiment.

[0210] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0211] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0212] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0213] Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0214] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0215] In the embodiments described above, the measured RS may be the QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0216] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Note 1> A terminal having a receiving unit that receives measurement settings, and a control unit that evaluates a third event based on the settings, which is based on a first event of beam quality and a second event of cell quality, and controls the transmission of a measurement report in accordance with the third event. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the first event is based on at least one of: a comparison of the beam quality and absolute threshold of a serving cell, a comparison of the beam quality of a candidate cell and the beam quality of a serving cell, and a comparison of the beam quality of a candidate cell and the absolute threshold. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the second event is based on at least one of: a comparison of the cell quality and absolute threshold of a serving cell, a comparison of the cell quality of a candidate cell and the cell quality of a serving cell, and a comparison of the cell quality and absolute threshold of a candidate cell. <Note 4> The terminal described in any of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the conditions for joining the third event are that both the conditions for joining the first event and the conditions for joining the second event are met, and the conditions for leaving the third event are that at least one of the conditions for leaving the first event and the conditions for leaving the second event is met. <Supplement> The terminal may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210. <Note A> A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits measurement settings and a control unit that controls the reception of measurement reports based on the settings, wherein the measurement reports are transmitted in response to a third event based on a first event of beam quality and a second event of cell quality. <Supplement> The base station may be a base station 10. The transmitting unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit may be a control unit 110.

[0217] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0218] Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0219] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0220] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0221] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0222] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0223] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0224] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0225] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0226] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0227] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0228] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0229] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0230] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0231] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0232] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0233] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0234] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0235] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0236] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0237] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0238] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0239] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0240] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0241] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0242] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0243] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0244] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0245] (Base Station) Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0246] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0247] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0248] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0249] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0250] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0251] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0253] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0254] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0255] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0257] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0258] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0259] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0260] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0261] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0262] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0263] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0264] (User Terminal) Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0265] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0266] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0267] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0268] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0269] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0270] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0271] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0272] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0273] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0275] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0276] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0277] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0278] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0279] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0280] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0281] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0282] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0283] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0284] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0285] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0286] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0287] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0288] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0289] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0290] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0291] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0292] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0293] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0294] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0295] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0296] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0297] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0298] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0299] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0300] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0301] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0302] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0303] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0304] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0305] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0306] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0307] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0308] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0309] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0310] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0311] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0312] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0313] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0314] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0315] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0316] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0317] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0318] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0319] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0320] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0321] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0322] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0323] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0324] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0325] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0326] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0327] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0328] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0329] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0330] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0331] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0332] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0333] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0334] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0335] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0336] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0337] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0338] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0339] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0340] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0341] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0342] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0343] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0344] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0345] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0346] Figure 7 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0347] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0348] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0349] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0350] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0351] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0352] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0353] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0354] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0355] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0356] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0357] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0358] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0359] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0360] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0361] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0362] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0363] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0364] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0365] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0366] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0367] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0368] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0369] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0370] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0371] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0372] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0373] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0374] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0375] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0376] In this disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably as "i-th highest").

[0377] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0378] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0379] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0380] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0381] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-195857, filed on November 8, 2024. All of its contents are included here.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives measurement settings; and a control unit that evaluates a third event based on a first beam quality event and a second cell quality event based on the settings, and controls the transmission of a measurement report according to the third event.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first event is based on at least one of: a comparison of the beam quality and absolute threshold of a serving cell; a comparison of the beam quality of a candidate cell and the beam quality of a serving cell; and a comparison of the beam quality and absolute threshold of a candidate cell.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the second event is based on at least one of: a comparison of the cell quality and absolute threshold of a serving cell; a comparison of the cell quality of a candidate cell and the cell quality of a serving cell; and a comparison of the cell quality and absolute threshold of a candidate cell.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the conditions for joining the third event are that both the conditions for joining the first event and the conditions for joining the second event are met, and the conditions for leaving the third event are that at least one of the conditions for leaving the first event and the conditions for leaving the second event is met.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving measurement settings; evaluating a third event based on the settings, which is determined by a first beam quality event and a second cell quality event; and controlling the transmission of a measurement report in accordance with the third event.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits measurement settings and a control unit that controls the reception of measurement reports based on the settings, wherein the measurement reports are transmitted in response to a third event based on a first beam quality event and a second cell quality event.

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