Communication method and apparatus, electronic device, and related products
The method optimizes RLM by determining beam status for accurate measurements on activated beams, reducing power consumption and signaling overhead in cellular systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing radio link monitoring (RLM) methods in cellular systems often result in inaccurate measurements and unnecessary power consumption due to performing RLM on beams with inappropriate status, leading to potential radio link failure declarations and increased signaling overhead.
A method for a terminal device to determine the status of communication beams and perform RLM only on activated beams, using appropriate reference signals, thereby reducing unnecessary measurements and power consumption.
Accurate RLM measurements are achieved while minimizing power waste and unnecessary signaling, ensuring reliable communication by avoiding erroneous radio link failure declarations.
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Figure CN2024141819_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 720,436, filed on November 14, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies, and more particularly to communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.BACKGROUND
[0003] In some cellular systems, radio link monitoring (RLM) is used for monitoring and accessing the radio link quality. During RLM, a terminal device may receive reference signals from a network device, and may measure the radio link quality using the reference signals.
[0004] Some solutions have been proposed for RLM. However, there remains room for further optimization and exploration.SUMMARY
[0005] Implementations of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal. For example, the method is applied to a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; and determining, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.
[0007] In such case, the terminal device may determine to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is appropriate for the RLM measurement. The terminal device may determine not to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is inappropriate for the RLM measurement. Otherwise, if the terminal device perform the RLM measurement on the first beam in the case where the status of the first beam is inappropriate for the RLM measurement, the terminal device may not able to obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and power consumption of the terminal device may be wasted due to the unnecessary RLM measurement on the first beam with inappropriate status. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may determine to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if status of the first beam is appropriate for the RLM measurement. In this way, the terminal device may obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and waste of power consumption of the terminal device due to the unnecessary RLM measurement may be reduced effectively.
[0008] In a possible design, the status is activated or inactivated.
[0009] In such case, the first information may indicate whether the status of one or more beams is activated or inactivated, respectively. The terminal device may determine whether to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam based on whether the status of the first beams is activated or inactivated. For example, the terminal device may determine to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beams is activated, and the terminal device may determine not to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beams is inactivated. In this way, the terminal device may obtain accurate results by performing the RLM measurement on the first beam which is activated.
[0010] In some implementations, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the method comprises: performing the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam.
[0011] In such case, since the first beam is activated, a network may transmit reference signal (s) for the RLM measurement on the first beam. Therefore, the terminal device may be able to detect reference signal (s) on the first beam and perform the RLM measurement on the first beam using the first reference signal associated to the first beam.
[0012] In a possible design, the first beam is a companion beam, and the first reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .
[0013] A companion beam may be a narrow beam that has a small coverage and a high beamforming gain.
[0014] In a possible design, the first beam is an anchor beam, and the first reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .
[0015] An anchor beam may be a wide beam that has a large coverage and a low beamforming gain.
[0016] In a possible design, the method further comprises: in a case where a value of a first radio link quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, indicating an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the first radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; or in a case where the value of the first radio link quality is less than the first threshold, indicating an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.
[0017] The in-sync event may refer to that the radio link is in synchronization, that is, the terminal device is in synchronization with the network device. The out-of-sync event may refer to that the radio link is out of synchronization, that is, the terminal device is out of synchronization with the network device. In this possible design, the higher layer of the terminal device may know the result of RLM measurement. The higher layer of the terminal device may accordingly decide whether to re-establish radio resource control (RRC) connection with the network device, thereby ensuring that the terminal device and the network device may communicate normally.
[0018] In some implementations, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated, the method further comprises: suspending performing the RLM measurement on the first beam.
[0019] If the terminal device performs the RLM measurement on an inactivated beam, the terminal device may not obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and the terminal device may accordingly declare radio link failure even if the terminal device is still in RRC connected state. Upon declaring radio link failure, the terminal device may attempt to re-establish RRC connection with the network device, which may not be necessary. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device may determine not to perform the RLM measurement on an inactivated beam. Therefore, the terminal device may avoid erroneously declaring radio link failure that may lead the terminal device to attempt to re-establish its RRC connection with the network. In this way, signaling overhead for RRC connection re-establishment which is unnecessary may be reduced.
[0020] In a possible design, the first information indicates that status of a second beam of the one or more beams is activated, and the method further comprises: performing the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam. In a possible design, the first beam is a companion beam. Alternatively, the first beam may be an anchor beam.
[0021] In such case, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam. In this way, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement on the second beam which is activated. As such, the terminal device may obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement.
[0022] The first beam and the second beam may be the same type of beam or different types of beams.
[0023] In a possible design, the second beam is an anchor beam, and the second reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .
[0024] In a possible design, the second beam is a companion beam, and the second reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .
[0025] In a possible design, the method further comprises: in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, indicating an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; or in a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold, indicating an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.
[0026] The in-sync event may refer to that the radio link is in synchronization, that is, the terminal device is in synchronization with the network device. In this way, the higher layer of the terminal device may know the result of RLM measurement. The higher layer of the terminal device may accordingly decide whether to re-establish RRC connection with the network device, thereby ensuring that the terminal device and the network device may communicate normally.
[0027] In a possible design, performing the RLM measurement using the second reference signal comprises: performing the RLM measurement using the second reference signal, and the second reference signal is not in a discontinuous transmission cycle (DTX) .
[0028] In such case, the terminal device may not perform the RLM measurement during the DTX period. In this way, the terminal device may not need to keep detecting reference signals for RLM measurement all the time, and power consumption of the terminal device may be reduced.
[0029] According to a second aspect, a method may be applied to a network side, for example, a network device or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a network device. For example, the method is applied to a network device. The method comprises: determining first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; and transmitting the first information.
[0030] In a possible design, the status is activated or inactivated.
[0031] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0032] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0033] According to a fifth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0034] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0035] According to a sixth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0036] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0037] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0038] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0039] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0040] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some implementations.
[0043] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in accordance with some implementations.
[0044] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system in accordance with some implementations.
[0045] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations.
[0046] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations.
[0047] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario in which terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) communicates with non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRPs) in accordance with some implementations.
[0048] FIG. 7 illustrates another example scenario in which T-TRPs communicates with NT-TRPs in accordance with some implementations.
[0049] FIG. 8 illustrates yet another example scenario in which T-TRPs communicates with NT-TRPs in accordance with some implementations.
[0050] FIG. 9 illustrates yet another example scenario in which T-TRPs communicates with NT-TRPs in accordance with some implementations.
[0051] FIG. 10 illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method in accordance with some implementations.
[0052] FIG. 11 illustrates an example NT-TRP with multiple transmit beams in accordance with some implementations.
[0053] FIG. 12 illustrates another example NT-TRP with multiple transmit beams in accordance with some implementations.
[0054] FIG. 13 illustrates an example procedure of radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement in accordance with some implementations.
[0055] FIG. 14 illustrates another example procedure of radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement in accordance with some implementations.
[0056] FIG. 15 illustrates another example procedure of radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement in accordance with some implementations.
[0057] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 17 illustrates a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0059] Numerous details are described herein to provide a thorough understanding of the example implementations illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some implementations may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the implementations described herein.
[0060] The solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication networks, such as a future generation network, or an other (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network. The solutions may also be implemented in Wi-Fi, non-terrestrial network (NTN) , cloud and edge computing service, sensing services, or distributed or self-organized networks. In an example, the solutions may be applied to automated manufacturing systems in smart factories. In another example, the solutions may be applied to other intelligent vertical scenarios such as ports, delivery systems and medical systems.
[0061] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and comprises of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0062] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0063] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0064] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown the communication system 100 including EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0066] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0067] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0068] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0069] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either frequency division duplexing (FDD) or time division duplexing (TDD) mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0070] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) , etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by persons skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0071] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0072] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0073] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP)) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0074] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0075] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0076] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0077] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0078] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different.
[0079] For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0080] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0081] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0082] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatuses 310 and / or number of apparatuses 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0083] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0084] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0085] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0086] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations related to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which include operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0087] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0088] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0089] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity. However, the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0090] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term “apparatus 320” may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0091] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations related to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0092] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0093] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0094] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0095] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0096] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0097] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0098] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0099] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0100] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0101] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0102] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0103] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0104] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0105] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0106] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0107] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0108] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0109] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0110] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0111] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called a non-terrestrial communication system. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge coverage gaps for underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to ensuring global seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions, where it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in the areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0112] The terrestrial communication system may use 5G technology and / or future wireless technologies. In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also support wireless technologies, such as 3G or 4G. The non-terrestrial communication system may include satellite constellations like Geo-Stationary Orbit (GEO) satellites which are utilized to broadcast public / popular contents to a local server, Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites which provide a better balance between large coverage areas and propagation path-loss / delay, stabilized satellites in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) enabling technologies, which substantially reduce the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) which provide a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) ) , which allow for a dense deployment with coverage limited to local areas, such as airborne balloons, quad copters, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be considered in a horizontal and two-dimensional context. In other examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs, coupled to integrate satellite communications into the cellular network’s emerging 3D vertical networks, includes many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high-altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0113] One possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation, as illustrated in FIG. 6. A satellite constellation comprises a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites 630a, 630b, 630c (collectively referred to as 630) , and each satellite orbit includes a plurality of satellites. T-TRPs 170a, 170b, 170c, 170d, 170e, 170f (collectively referred to as 170) may be connected to the core network 130 through terrestrial gateways (i.e., TN gateways) 610a, 610b while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network through dedicated non-terrestrial gateways (i.e., NTN gateways) 620a, 620b. Devices such as UEs 110 may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 and / or with an NT-TRP (e.g., 630a, 630b, or 630c) , depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0114] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground, as illustrated in FIG. 7. Satellites 630 in the satellite constellation communicate with the core network (CN) 130 through gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the gateways on the ground may use a wired link (such as fiber optical link) to communicate with the CN 130. T-TRPs 170 communicate with satellites 630 using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each other using free space optical links such as lasers. Devices such as UEs 110 may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 and / or with a NT-TRP 630, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0115] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN, as illustrated in FIG. 8. NT-TRPs 630 may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial gateways (e.g., NTN gateways) 620, which then communicate with the CN 130. The CN 130 may then relay information from NT-TRPs 630 to T-TRPs 170 via dedicated terrestrial gateways (e.g., TN gateways) 610. Devices such as UEs 110 may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 and / or with an NT-TRP 630, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0116] In the scenarios above shown in the figures, the link between the UE and the NT-TRPs may be called a service link, and the link between the NT-TRPs and the NTN gateway may be called a feeder link. In addition, the link between the NTN-TRPs may be called as inter-satellite link (ISL) (not shown in the figures) . Each NTN-TRP may be associated with one or more NTN Gateways.
[0117] In some cellular systems such as 5G NR, the UE can receive, detect and / or measure reference signals such as Synchronization signals and Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) blocks and / or Non-Zero Polar-Channel State Indicator-Reference Signals (NZP-CSI-RS) . Such reference signals are based on pseudo random noise (PRN) binary sequences such as Gold sequences and those sequences may be initialized using common or UE-specific scrambling identities. As an example, primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) sequences are initialized using the physical cell identity (PCI) value, which is a common scrambling identity. NZP-CSI-RS sequences are initialized using UE-specific scrambling identities, which are configured by the network to the UE. The network may be RAN, CN, or other network.
[0118] In 5G NR Rel-15, Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) is a mandatory feature which requires the UE to monitor the downlink radio link quality of the primary cell for the purpose of indicating so-called “In-sync” (IS) and / or “Out-of-sync” (OOS) event to the higher layers. The UE is expected to measure e.g. SS / PBCH blocks and / or NZP CSI-RS and determine whether IS / OOS events occurred within so-called indication period. Each indication period may be e.g. a time interval of up to 10 milli-seconds for UEs that are not sleeping and up to the discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for UEs that are sleeping.
[0119] In 5G NR Rel-16, power saving features were introduced in order to help UEs reduce power consumption. UEs that are in DRX mode may be informed by the network (NW) that they can continue to sleep using a wake-up indication bit included in DCI format, e.g., DCI format 2_6. UEs in DRX mode may be configured to monitor PDCCH candidates where the NW may send DCI format 2_6. The DCI format 2_6 may include several wake-up indication bits intended for different UEs, where the wake-up indication bit may indicate to the UE whether it should continue sleeping or wake up.
[0120] In 5G NR Rel-17, NTN support was introduced allowing UEs to support DL / UL communication with satellites using the so-called "bent-pipe" scenario, where a ground station may transmit signals towards satellites in space, and satellites may reflect signals back to UEs on the ground. Dedicating signaling related to NTN was introduced in order to assist UEs with NTN operation. Higher-layer signaling such as RRC introduces signaling satellite ephemeris, satellite position, satellite signal polarization, timing advance offsets, satellite System Information Block (SIB) , satellite epochs, in order to support NTN operation.
[0121] A UE may acquire timing reference for radio frames transmitted by a satellite based on a higher-layer parameter, e.g., epochTime signaled in the NTN SIB (e.g., SIB19) , where the higher-layer parameter epochTime may correspond to the starting time of a downlink sub-frame (or equivalently a downlink radio frame) . Other features that were introduced were the extension of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processes to 32 in order to accommodate for large propagation delay scenarios and the disabling of HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0122] 5G NR Rel-17 further introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the Timing Advance, the reference timing for CSI resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of Random Access response carried by a PUSCH, the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK on a PUCCH.
[0123] 5G NR Rel-17 also introduces a solution combining closed-loop and open-loop Timing Advance compensation, where the closed-loop part may be controlled by the network and the open-loop part may be carried out by the UE. The compensation from the UE may be based on the knowledge of the satellite’s ephemeris (e.g., parameters such as the satellite’s orbital angles) .
[0124] 5G NR Rel-17 supports so-called “bent-pipe” scenarios. Referring to FIG. 9, the base-station 170 is located behind a NTN gateway 620 on the ground, the NTN gateway 620 sends a transmission towards the satellite 630a (and / or 630b) (this link is called the “feeder” link 910) and the satellite 620a (and / or 630b) transmits the transmission towards UEs 110 on the ground (this link is called the “service” link 920) . In such a scenario, the satellite 630a (and / or 630b) may be considered as a “mirror” in the sky or a “reflector” in the sky, reflecting physical layer signals and / or channels from the NTN gateway 620 back to UEs 110 located on the ground.
[0125] Satellites may transmit multiple beams towards the ground and it is assumed that each beam is associated with a given “physical cell identity” . In some scenarios, it is also assumed that satellites transmit beams in a “fixed” manner, where “fixed” means that the satellite isn’ t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams “slide” on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be “moving” from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0126] In 5G NR Rel-18, NTN support was further enhanced to introduce Coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified UE location, as well as support TN to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios.
[0127] In 5G Rel-19, further enhancements to NTN are being investigated in the context of power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns and size across the satellite footprint. However, such work is not considering enhancements to SS / PBCH blocks due to backward compatibility issues.
[0128] Starting from 5G NR Rel-19, 3GPP is studying aspects related to downlink coverage enhancements, which may include defining some features that assume power sharing among a satellite’s beams or different satellite beam patterns and / or beam sizes. This is due to the fact that a satellite’s effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) needs to be shared across simultaneously active beams, and therefore the actual transmit power of an active beam is lower than the satellite’s EIRP. The number of simultaneously active beams that a satellite may be able to transmit may have to do with the on-board RF hardware capability of the satellite.
[0129] 5G NR includes support for RLM using different types of resources: SS / PBCH blocks and NZP CSI-RS. The UE may be configured with a set of resources provided by a higher-layer parameter, e.g., failureDetectionResources. The UE is expected to perform RLM on the primary cell (e.g., PCell) and upon assessing the radio link quality: the UE indicates to its higher layers when the radio link quality is worse than a threshold, e.g., provided by Qout for all the resources in the set of resources provided for RLM.
[0130] Network nodes e.g., NT-TRPs, such as satellites operating as part of a constellation, transmit physical layer signals and channels towards terminal devices e.g., UEs on the ground. Such NT-TRPs have to transmit beams towards UEs on the ground, which may be e.g. so-called “wide” beams or “narrow” beams. Wide beams may have a larger footprint and correspondingly a lower beamforming gain, whereas narrow beams may have a smaller footprint and correspondingly a higher beamforming gain.
[0131] Terminal devices e.g., UEs on the ground may be served by the network nodes e.g., NT-TRP using e.g. narrow transmit (Tx) beams. However, in some scenarios / situations, the network node e.g., NT-TRP may transmit different such narrow Tx beams at different times, depending on e.g. scheduling decisions. This may affect the terminal device’s e.g., UE’s ability to measure reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs) for some purposes (e.g., RLM) because UEs may not be able to measure CSI-RSs such as NZP CSI-RSs when the NT-TRP is not transmitting the narrow Tx beams serving or communicating with a given UE. In some scenarios, the UEs may also inadvertently or erroneously declare radio link failure if they were to attempt to detect RLM-RSs (e.g., NZP CSI-RSs) while a beam is muted, which would lead the UE to attempt to re-establish its RRC connection with the network (e.g., the NT-TRP) .
[0132] In various implementations of the present disclosure, solutions are proposed to solve at least one of the above problems. In some implementations of the present disclosure, trigger-based RLM in wireless communication systems, methods, apparatus, implementations, etc., are discussed. Although various examples and implementations in this disclosure are described / illustrated in relation to NTN systems and / or NT-TRPs, it is understood that the teachings of this disclosure can also be applied to terrestrial networks, sidelink communication networks, device to device communication networks etc. In some implementations, the NT-TRP may use dynamic signaling to trigger UEs on the ground to measure NZP CSI-RSs and perform RLM. In some implementations, the NT-TRPs may inform UEs on the ground regarding when to measure CSI-RSs for the purpose of RLM.
[0133] Various implementations of the present disclosure will be described below by way of example. Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which illustrates an example device interaction diagram of a method in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the method 1000 may be performed by a network device and a terminal device. The network device may be a NT-TRP. For brevity, the network device may also be referred to as a network (NW) . The terminal device may also be referred to as a UE.
[0134] In step 1001, the network device determines first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam serving and / or communicating with the terminal device.
[0135] In some implementations, a “beam” may be adjusted by a spatial filter applied to antenna elements such that physical layer signals may add up in a constructive manner in a given direction.
[0136] In step 1002, the network device transmits the first information to the terminal device. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the first information.
[0137] In step 1003, the terminal device determines, based on the status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.
[0138] In these implementations, the terminal device may determine to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is appropriate for the RLM measurement. The terminal device may determine not to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is inappropriate for the RLM measurement. Otherwise, if the terminal device performs the RLM measurement on the first beam in the case where the status of the first beam is inappropriate for the RLM measurement, the terminal device may not be able to obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and power consumption of the terminal device may be wasted due to the unnecessary RLM measurement on the first beam with inappropriate status. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may determine to perform the RLM measurement on the first beam if status of the first beam is appropriate for the RLM measurement. In this way, the terminal device may obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and waste of power consumption of the terminal device due to the unnecessary RLM measurement may be reduced effectively.
[0139] The status may be activated or inactivated. In a case where a status of a beam is activated, the beam may be referred to as an activated beam, and the activated beam may transmit reference signal (s) that may be used for the RLM measurement. In a case where the status of the beam is inactivated, the beam may be referred to as an inactivated beam or muted beam, and the inactivated beam may not transmit any signals including reference signal (s) that may be used for the RLM measurement. The term “activated” may also be referred to as “active” , and the term “inactivated” may also be referred to as “inactive” , “deactivated” or “muted” .
[0140] In such cases, the first information may indicate whether the status of one or more beams is activated or inactivated, respectively. The terminal device may determine whether to perform RLM measurement on the first beam based on whether the status of the first beam is activated or inactivated. For example, the terminal device may determine to perform RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is activated, and the terminal device may determine not to perform RLM measurement on the first beam if the status of the first beam is inactivated. In this way, the terminal device may obtain accurate results by performing the RLM measurement on the first beam which is activated.
[0141] In some implementations, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the method 1000 comprises: performing the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam. In other words, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement using the first reference signal associated to the first beam. The first reference signal associated to the first beam may refer to the first reference signal transmitted on the first beam.
[0142] In this case, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement using the first reference signal associated to the first beam which is an activated beam. Since the first beam is activated, a network may transmit reference signal (s) for the RLM measurement on the first beam. Therefore, the terminal device may be able to detect reference signal (s) on the first beam and perform the RLM measurement on the first beam using the first reference signal associated to the first beam.
[0143] In some implementations, the first beam is a companion beam, and the first reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) . The companion beams may be used to send UE-specific data to the UE. The companion beam may be a narrow beam that has a small coverage and a high beamforming gain. In this case, the terminal device may obtain rich channel state information such as channel amplitude, phase, delay. Downlink radio link quality may be monitored by performing RLM. Performing RLM with the companion beam (i.e. using NZP CSI-RS) may help ensure the UE monitors the link used to send DL data to the UE. Reference signals such as NZP CSI-RS and UE-specific channels such as PDCCH / PDSCH associated with UE-specific data may be associated with a companion beam.
[0144] In some implementations, the companion beams are being scheduled by the NT-TRP, and it may be possible for the NT-TRP to also transmit NZP CSI-RS for the purpose of RLM given that the companion beams are being used by the NT-TRP to send PDSCH transmissions to UEs served by those companion beams. The PDSCH transmissions and the NZP CSI-RS for RLM may be effectively sent on the same companion beam.
[0145] In some implementations, an activated companion beam may be understood as equivalent to an activated NZP CSI-RS and a deactivated companion beam may be understood as equivalent to a deactivated NZP CSI-RS. In other words, if a companion beam is activated, there may be NZP CSI-RS transmitted on the activated beam. Otherwise, if a companion beam is deactivated, there may not be NZP CSI-RS transmitted on the deactivated beam.
[0146] In some implementations, the first beam is an anchor beam, and the first reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) . The Anchor beam may be used to send common signaling to UEs. The anchor beam may be a wide beam that has a large coverage and a low beamforming gain. Reference signals such as SS / PBCH blocks and common channels such as PDCCH / PDSCH associated with System Information or Paging may be associated with an anchor beam. In a case where a companion beam is muted and an anchor beam is active, the UE may still perform RLM measurement on the anchor beam rather than suspending the RLM measurement. If the companion beam’s link quality were to go down, UEs can use the anchor beam as a fall-back link when the companion beam is muted.
[0147] An anchor beam may be associated with multiple companion beams. There may be a mapping between a SS / PBCH block (i.e. anchor beam) to multiple NZP CSI-RS (i.e. companion beam) . A footprint of a companion beam may be fully or partially overlapping with footprint of a anchor beam.
[0148] Companion beams and anchor beams will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 11 and 12.
[0149] In some implementations, there may be e.g. a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation operating at a given altitude, e.g., 600 km above Earth. NT-TRPs such as satellites may be moving along their orbit and occupy different positions at different times. It is assumed that NT-TRPs may have the capability to steer their Tx (i.e., Transmit) beams at specific locations that may be called “Reference Points (RPs) ” , such that as NT-TRPs are moving along their orbit, the Tx beams are directed towards those RPs. It may be assumed that NT-TRPs have an aggregate EIRP which is shared among its Tx beams for the purpose of transmitting physical layer signals and / or channels towards UEs on the ground.
[0150] It may be assumed that UEs on the ground are in a power consumption mode that is associated with connected state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) , and have an active RRC connection with the NT NW (e.g., NT-TRP) .
[0151] The NT-TRP’s footprint may be different from the NT-TRP beam’s footprint. The NT-TRP may transmit one or more beams towards the ground and each beam may have a corresponding “footprint” which may be defined as an area which is “illuminated” by the beam. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be defined as the aggregation of all the beams that the NT-TRP may transmit to the ground. The beams transmitted by the NT-TRP may be such that their tilt angles and / or scan angles are within a given threshold.
[0152] An example NT-TRP with multiple transmit beams is shown in FIG. 11. The transmit beams may include anchor beams and / or companion beams. There are four larger ellipse (shown by dashed line) marked with dots shown in FIG. 11, and each larger ellipse represents an area illuminated (i.e., covered) by an anchor beam. The larger ellipse (shown by dashed line) marked with dots may correspond to the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP anchor beam, where the larger oval dashed line may be seen as a threshold for good coverage, e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . For instance, the larger oval black line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB (i.e., good coverage) . The area inside of (i.e., illuminated by) all of the anchor beams (i.e., the four anchor beams) may correspond to the NT-TRP’s footprint.
[0153] The NT-TRP’s footprint may be much larger than the footprints of the NT-TRP’s active beams (e.g., active companion beams) , and the NT-TRP may support only a few simultaneously active beams N (e.g., N=6) at any given time. The NT-TRP may select which N beams are to transmit simultaneously based on, for example, scheduling decisions.
[0154] The smaller ellipse may correspond to the area associated with a companion beam. The companion beam may be activated or inactivated. The smaller ellipse shown by solid line and marked with grids shown in FIG. 11 may correspond to the area illuminated by a given active (i.e., activated) companion beam. The smaller ellipse shown by dotted line may correspond to the area which is not illuminated by a companion beam. In other words, the smaller ellipse shown by dotted line may show the area associated with an inactive (i.e., inactivated) companion beam.
[0155] FIG. 12 illustrates an example NT-TRP with multiple transmit beams including activate companion beams and inactivated companion beams.
[0156] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may be transmitting certain companion beams which may be used to carry PDSCH transmissions carrying UE-specific data, while other companion beams may not be transmitted due to, for example, no traffic load. This is shown in FIG. 12.
[0157] It may be assumed that the NT-TRP has an on-board MAC scheduler which may make scheduling decisions which may result in the NT-TRP transmitting up to N simultaneously active beams such as activated companion beams. An example of this is shown in FIG. 12.
[0158] Referring to FIG. 12, the ellipses marked with grids depict the footprints of active companion beams whereas the ellipses shown by dotted line depict the footprints of inactive companion beams. It may be assumed that UEs located in ellipses marked with grids are able to receive, detect and / or decode physical layer signals and / or channels. It may also be assumed that UEs located in the ellipses shown by dotted line aren’ t able to receive, detect and / or decode any physical layer signals and / or channels.
[0159] In FIG. 12, the NT-TRP is transmitting six companion beams in order to transmit UE-specific data. Each companion beam (which may be associated with a given NZP CSI-RS) may be associated to a given anchor beam (which may be associated with a given SS / PBCH block) . Companion beams may transmit a NZP CSI-RS in order to assist UEs in decoding and / or demodulating other physical layer reference signals, such as PDCCH-DMRS (demodulation reference signal) or PDSCH-DMRS. The NT-TRP may transmit one or more NZP CSI-RS on companion beams in order to enable UEs to perform RLM (i.e., RLM measurement) . In view of this, the UE’s serving companion beam may be referred to as the “NZP CSI-RS” . The NT-TRP may transmit one or more NZP CSI-RS on one companion beam on certain resources such as time-frequency resources.
[0160] Depending on multiple factors such as traffic load, UE distribution, load balancing, etc., in some implementations, the NT-TRP may mute companion beams where there is no traffic demand. If the NT-TRP mutes the companion beam, the status of the companion bean may turn to inactivated.
[0161] The first information will be described in detail below.
[0162] As described above, the network device may transmit the first information indicating status of one or more beams to the terminal device. The one or more beams may be companion beams serving the terminal device.
[0163] In some implementations, the first information may be carried in a SS / PBCH block, and the NT-TRP may send a SS / PBCH block carrying signaling information regarding the status of its (i.e., the NT-TRP’s ) associated companion beams. The SS / PBCH block may carry an Information Block, e.g., Master Information Block (MIB) higher-layer parameter called, e.g., companionBeamStatus, which may indicate to UEs on the ground which companion beams will be active. For example, the NT-TRP may transmit the SS / PBCH block carrying the MIB to the UEs, and the MIB carries the parameter companionBeamStatus indicating the status of one or more companion beams serving the UEs.
[0164] In such case, UEs may be provided in MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, which may indicate to UEs on the ground which companion beams are going to be activated. This mechanism may be referred to as a common signaling mechanism in the sense that higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus is meant for all UEs under the coverage of the anchor beam carrying the PDSCH transmission which carried the MIB.
[0165] The status of one or more companion beams may refer to status of one or more companion beams after a certain period of time such as after the end of e.g. the current slot. The certain period of time may depend on the UE’s capability. For example, the NT-TRP transmits the SS / PBCH block carrying the MIB to the UEs e.g., at the beginning of a current slot, and the MIB carries the parameter companionBeamStatus indicating the status of one or more companion beams serving the UEs. The UE receives the SS / PBCH block and decodes the parameter companionBeamStatus, and the UE may know the status of the one or more companion beams which will become effective e.g., after the end of the current slot.
[0166] In some implementations, the MIB may be included as payload of the PBCH in a SS / PBCH block. In some implementations, the MIB may include a higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, which may indicate to UEs on the ground which companion beams will be active after the end of e.g. the current slot.
[0167] In the following example, the Master Information Block (MIB) that carries the parameter companionBeamStatus is used as an example.
[0168] In some implementations, the higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus may include one or more bits associated with a respective companion beam. Each of the one or more bits may indicate status of a corresponding companion beam. The NW may set a bit to a value, e.g., “1” to indicate that the companion beam associated with this bit shall be activated (e.g., shall be activated after the end of the current slot) . The NW may set a bit to a value, e.g., “0” to indicate that the companion beam associated with this bit shall be deactivated (shall be deactivated after the end of the current slot) .
[0169] For example, the NW may send a SS / PBCH block carrying a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus which is set to the following:
[0170] In the above example, the parameter companionBeamStatus indicates status of six companion beams, and at least one of the six companion beams is used by the NT-TRP for communicating with the UE.
[0171] The left-most bit may be associated with a first companion beam (e.g., a beam associated with a first NZP CSI-RS) , the second left-most bit may be associated with a second companion beam (i.e. a beam associated with a second NZP CSI-RS), and so on until the right-most bit which may be associated with a sixth (and last) companion beam (e.g., a beam associated with a sixth NZP CSI-RS) . The above signaling example activates the third, fourth and sixth companion beams, and correspondingly deactivates the first, second and fifth companion beams. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) may be the left-most bit while the Least Significant Bit (LSB) may be the right-most bit.
[0172] Quantity of the companion beams, status of which are indicated by the parameter companionBeamStatus, may depend on quantity of companion beams that are associated with an anchor beam, and the anchor beam may be used to transmit the SS / PBCH block carrying the MIB with the parameter companionBeamStatus. In the above example, the anchor beam (i.e., the beam associated with the SS / PBCH block) may have or be associated with six companion beams. As a result, the size of the bit string carried by higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus may be six bits.
[0173] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit (corresponding to the UE’s serving companion beam) set to a value which activates the companion beam, e.g., “1” , then the UE may perform RLM measurement based on the activated NZP CSI-RS. If the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit (corresponding to the UE’s serving companion beam) set to a value which deactivates the companion beam, e.g., “0” , then the UE may stop performing RLM measurement based on the deactivated NZP CSI-RS.
[0174] In some implementations, the first information may indicate status of one or more companion beams. For example, the first information may include a parameter companionBeamStatus indicating whether the companion beams are muted or not.
[0175] In some implementations, upon establishing their RRC connection with the NW, the UEs on the ground may be provided with a list of so-called companion beams. The first information may indicate status of companion beams that belong to the list of the companion beams.
[0176] For example, the NT-TRP may transmit (e.g., broadcast) a signaling carrying information indicating a list of companion beams to the UEs. Since a companion beam may be associated with a certain NZP CSI-RS, and a NZP CSI-RS may be associated with a certain NZP CSI-RS resource, the companion beam may be identified by an ID of the NZP CSI-RS resource (i.e., CSI-RS-ResourceID) . The information indicating the list of companion beams may be indicated by a higher-layer parameter companionBeamList. For example, the NT-TRP may transmit PDSCH transmission carrying a RRC message carrying a parameter set ServingCellConfig, and the parameter set ServingCellConfig includes the parameter companionBeamList.
[0177] An example of the parameter companionBeamList indicating information about a list of companion beams is shown below:
[0178] In the example above, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamList which may include one or more entries of the Information Element (IE) NZP CSI-RS-ResourceID. In such case, parameter companionBeamList may indicate a companion beam by indicating an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID that is associated with the companion beam. The NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID IE (i.e., Information Element (IE) NZP CSI-RS-ResourceID) may be a positive integer value starting from e.g. 0 and may identify a given NZP CSI-RS resource configured at the UE.
[0179] The parameter set ServingCellConfig may further include higher-layer parameters about NZP CSI-RS resource configuration. For example, the parameter set ServingCellConfig may further provide higher-layer parameters to configure, e.g., one or more of the scrambling identity used to initialize the pseudo-random noise (PRN) sequence, the time and frequency resources occupied by the CSI-RS (e.g., NZP CSI-RS) , the periodicity and offset of the CSI-RS (e.g., NZP CSI-RS) , and so on.
[0180] In an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamList which is set to the following:
[0181] In the above example, the parameter companionBeamList indicates six companion beams, and at least one of the six companion beams is used by the NT-TRP for communicating with the UE. Each of the companion beams may be associated with a given NZP CSI-RS. The first NZP CSI-RS may be the NZP CSI-RS whose nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID field is set to the value “0” . The second NZP CSI-RS may be the NZP CSI-RS whose nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID field is set to the value “1” , and so on, until the seventh NZP CSI-RS whose nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID field is set to the value “6” .
[0182] It may be assumed that the SS / PBCH block that the UE completed Initial Access with is the anchor beam, based on the above higher-layer configuration that was provided to the UE. In some implementations, the UE may assume that the NZP CSI-RSs whose resource identities are provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList are the companion beams of the SS / PBCH block corresponding to and / or associated with the anchor beam.
[0183] In the above example, the seven beams may be associated with an anchor beam, and the anchor beam may be used to transmit the SS / PBCH block carrying the parameter set ServingCellConfig including the parameter companionBeamList to the UE. In this example, the anchor beam (i.e. the beam associated with the SS / PBCH block) may have seven companion beams.
[0184] Similarly, in some implementations, upon establishing their RRC connection with the NW, the UEs on the ground may be provided with a list of anchor beams. The first information may indicate status of anchor beams that belong to the list of the anchor beams.
[0185] An example of how the UE carries out RLM measurements is shown in FIG. 13. In the example shown in FIG. 13, the UE performs RLM measurement on a companion beam.
[0186] As described above, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the UE may perform the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam. In the example shown in FIG. 13, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter, e.g., companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “1” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is active) , then the UE may perform RLM measurements based on the NZP CSI-RS associated with the UE’s serving companion beam and assess the downlink radio link quality based on the activated NZP CSI-RS.
[0187] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “1” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is active) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality once per indication period, where the indication period may be the maximum between the shortest periodicity for radio link monitoring and 10 milli-seconds.
[0188] In a case where the value of the first radio link quality is less than a first threshold, the UE may indicate an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the UE.
[0189] The out-of-sync event may refer to that the radio link is out of synchronization, that is, the terminal device is out of synchronization with the network device. In this case, the higher layer of the terminal device may know the result of RLM measurement. In a case of out-of-sync event, the higher layer of the terminal device may decide to re-establish RRC connection with the network device, thereby ensuring that the terminal device and the network device may communicate normally.
[0190] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “1” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is active) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the NZP CSI-RS associated with the UE’s serving companion beam, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “out-of-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is worse than a threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0191] In a case where a value of a first radio link quality is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the UE may indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the UE, and the value of the first radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement.
[0192] The in-sync event may refer to that the radio link is in synchronization, that is, the terminal device is in synchronization with the network device. In this case, the higher layer of the terminal device may know the result of RLM measurement. In a case of in-sync event, the higher layer of the terminal device may decide not to re-establish RRC connection with the network device.
[0193] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “1” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is active) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the NZP CSI-RS associated with the UE’s serving companion beam, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “in-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is better than a threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0194] In some implementations, when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated, the method further includes: suspending performing the RLM measurement on the first beam. In some implementations, the first beam may be a companion beam.
[0195] If the terminal device performs the RLM measurement on an inactivated beam, the terminal device may not obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement, and the terminal device may accordingly declare radio link failure even if the terminal device is still in RRC connected state. Upon declaring radio link failure, the terminal device may attempt to re-establish RRC connection with the network device, which may not be necessary. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device may determine not to perform the RLM measurement on an inactivated beam. Therefore, the terminal device may avoid erroneously declaring radio link failure that may lead the terminal device to attempt to re-establish its RRC connection with the network device. In this way, signaling overhead for RRC connection re-establishment which is unnecessary may be reduced.
[0196] In the example shown in FIG. 13, the UE performs the RLM measurement on an activated companion beam (an example of the first beam) serving the UE. After a certain period of time, the NT-TRP mutes the companion beam and may transmit the first information indicates that the status of the companion beam is inactivated. Upon the UE receives the first information, the UE may know that the status of the companion beam alters from activated to inactivated. Accordingly, the UE may suspend performing the RLM measurement on the inactivated companion beam. It will be appreciated that the UE may perform multiple rounds or times of RLM measurements based on the status of beams serving the UE.
[0197] In the above example, the first information may indicate that the status of a beam (e.g., the first beam) is inactivated. In such case, the terminal device may suspend performing the RLM measurement using the first reference signal associated to the first beam based on the first information.
[0198] Alternatively, in some implementations, the network device transmits additional information (e.g., second information) indicating that status of the first beam is inactivated to the terminal device. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the additional information (e.g., the second information) .
[0199] For example, the network device may transmit the first information indicating that the status of the first beam is activated to the terminal device. Accordingly, the terminal device performs the RLM measurement on the first beam. After a certain period of time, the network device may further transmit second information indicating that the status of the first beam is inactivated to the terminal device. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the second information. In some implementations, the terminal device may suspend performing the RLM measurement using the first reference signal associated to the first beam based on the second information, which indicates that the beam is deactivated.
[0200] After a certain period of time, when the companion beam serving the UE is altered from inactivated to activated, the network device may transmit information indicating that the companion beam is activated to the UE. Upon the UE receives the information, it may perform RLM measurement based on the companion beam. Once the companion beam is altered from activated to inactivated, the network device may transmit information indicating that the companion beam is inactivated to the UE.Upon the UE receives the information, it may suspend performing RLM measurement based on the companion beam.
[0201] In the above implementations, the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated, and the terminal device may suspend performing the RLM measurement upon it receives the first information.
[0202] In some implementations, the first information indicates that status of a second beam of the one or more beams is activated in addition to the status of the first beam is inactivated. The terminal device may further perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam. In a possible design, the first beam is a companion beam. Alternatively, the first beam may be an anchor beam. An example will be described later in conjunction with FIG. 14.
[0203] As described above, the first information may indicate status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with the terminal device. In a case where the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated and the status of the second beam of the one or more beams is activated, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam. The second beam may be used for communicating with the terminal device. In this way, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement on the second beam which is activated. As such, the terminal device may obtain accurate results of the RLM measurement.
[0204] In this case, multiple beams may be used for communicating with the terminal device, and based on the first information, the terminal device may suspend performing the RLM measurement with the inactivated beam, and select an activated beam serving the terminal device from the multiple beams to perform the RLM measurement.
[0205] The first beam and the second beam may be the same type of beam or different types of beams. The first beam may be a companion beam or an anchor beam, and the second beam may be a companion beam or an anchor beam. In some implementations, the second beam is an anchor beam, and the second reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) . In some implementations, the second beam is a companion beam, and the second reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .
[0206] As described above, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurements on the second beam which is an activated beam. The terminal device may obtain a value of a second radio link quality based on the RLM measurements which is performed on the second beam.
[0207] In some implementations, in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the terminal device may indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device. The value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement. In a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold, an out-of-sync event is indicated to the higher layer of the terminal device.
[0208] In this way, the higher layer of the terminal device may know the result of RLM measurement. The higher layer of the terminal device may accordingly decide whether to re-establish RRC connection with the network device, thereby ensuring that the terminal device and the network device may communicate normally.
[0209] If the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may not expect to perform RLM based on the NZP CSI-RS associated with the UE’s serving companion beam and may not assess the downlink radio link quality based on the NZP CSI-RS associated with the UE’s serving companion beam.
[0210] If the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may not expect to assess the downlink radio link quality based on the muted NZP CSI-RS.
[0211] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may not assess the downlink radio link quality based on the deactivated NZP CSI-RS, and the UE may not indicate to its higher layers so-called “out-of-sync” events.
[0212] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may not assess the downlink radio link quality based on the deactivated NZP CSI-RS, and the UE may not indicate to its higher layers so-called “in-sync” events.
[0213] As described above, in some implementations, the terminal device may perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated to a second beam. In some implementations, the second beam may be an anchor beam, to which the first beam (e.g., the companion beam) , which was deactivated, was associated with. The second reference signal may be a SS / PBCH)
[0214] Another example of how the UE carries out RLM measurements is shown in FIG. 14. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the UE performs RLM measurements on a companion beam and an anchor beam, respectively.
[0215] When the companion beam (an example of the first beam) serving the UE is activated, the UE performs the RLM measurement on the activated companion beam. After a certain period of time, the NT-TRP mutes the companion beam and transmits first information indicating that the status of the companion beam is inactivated and the status of the anchor beam is activated. Upon the UE receives the first information, the UE may suspend performing the RLM measurement on the inactivated companion beam and may start performing the RLM measurement on the anchor beam using a SS / PBCH associated with the anchor beam.
[0216] Alternatively, when the companion beam (an example of the first beam) serving the UE is activated, the NT-TRP transmits first information indicating that the companion beam is activated to the UE. Upon the UE receives the first information, the UE performs the RLM measurement on the activated companion beam. After a certain period of time, the NT-TRP mutes the companion beam and transmits second information indicating that the status of the companion beam is inactivated and the status of the anchor beam is activated. Upon the UE receives the second information, the UE may suspend performing the RLM measurement on the inactivated companion beam and may start performing the RLM measurement on the anchor beam using a SS / PBCH associated with the anchor beam.
[0217] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may perform RLM based on the SS / PBCH block associated with the NZP CSI-RS (which may be associated with the UE’s serving companion beam) and assess the downlink radio link quality based on the associated SS / PBCH block.
[0218] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality once per indication period, where the indication period may be the maximum between the shortest periodicity for the SS / PBCH block and 10 milli-seconds.
[0219] In some implementations, in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the terminal device may indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device. The value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement (e.g., RLM measurement using the second reference signal associated to the second beam) . In a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold, an out-of-sync event is indicated to the higher layer of the terminal device.
[0220] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the associated SS / PBCH block, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “out-of-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is worse than the threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0221] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the associated SS / PBCH block, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “in-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is better than the threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0222] As such, the UE may carry out the RLM measurement according to status of the serving beams. In some implementations, the serving beam may refer to and / or may be understood as a beam which is used to communicate with a terminal device.
[0223] It will be appreciated that the UE may perform multiple rounds or times of RLM measurements.
[0224] In some implementations, performing the RLM measurement using a second reference signal comprises: performing the RLM measurement using the second reference signal, where the second reference signal is not in a discontinuous transmission cycle (DTX) . An example of an implementation of how the UE carries out RLM measurements is shown in FIG. 15.
[0225] In such case, the terminal device may not perform the RLM measurement during the DTX period. In this way, the terminal device may not need to keep detecting reference signals for RLM measurement all the time, and power consumption of the terminal device may be reduced.
[0226] As described above, in some implementations, UEs may be provided in MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, which may indicate to UEs on the ground which companion beams are going to be activated. This mechanism may be referred to as a common signaling mechanism in the sense that higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus is meant for all UEs under the coverage of the anchor beam carrying the PDSCH transmission which carried the MIB.
[0227] In some implementations, it may be assumed that the NT-TRP may provide the UEs on the ground with information indicating DTX of the UEs. The information indicating DTX may be carried in higher-layer parameters such as ssb-dtx-config as part of e.g. common signaling messages such as MIB or a System Information Block (SIB) message.
[0228] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , and the SS / PBCH block associated with the UE’s serving companion beam is not in its DTX cycle, then the UE may perform RLM measurement based on the associated SS / PBCH block and assess the downlink radio link quality based on the associated SS / PBCH block.
[0229] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , and the SS / PBCH block associated with the UE’s serving companion beam is in its DTX cycle, then the UE may not expect to perform RLM measurement based on the associated SS / PBCH block and may not assess the downlink radio link quality based on associated SS / PBCH block.
[0230] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality once per indication period, where the indication period may be the maximum between the shortest periodicity for the SS / PBCH block and the SS / PBCH block’s DTX cycle duration.
[0231] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the associated SS / PBCH block, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “out-of-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is worse than the threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0232] In some implementations, if the UE decodes a MIB with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus, and companionBeamStatus carries a bit set to “0” for the UE’s serving companion beam (e.g., serving companion beam is deactivated) , then the UE may assess the downlink radio link quality in one or more radio frames where the UE may expect to receive the associated SS / PBCH block, and the UE may indicate to its higher layers so-called “in-sync” events when the assessed downlink radio link quality is better than the threshold provided by higher-layer parameter, e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold.
[0233] It will be appreciated that in any of the above implementations, the terminal device may indicate the out-of-sync event or in-sync event to the higher layer based on the same threshold or different thresholds. For example, in a case of different thresholds, the higher-layer parameter rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold may indicate a threshold Qout and a threshold Qin. When the radio link quality is worse than the threshold Qout for all resources in the set of resources for radio link monitoring, the physical layer in the UE indicates, in frames where the radio link quality is assessed, out-of-sync to higher layers. When the radio link quality is better than the threshold Qin for any resource in the set of resources for radio link monitoring, the physical layer in the UE indicates, in frames where the radio link quality is assessed, in-sync to higher layers.
[0234] FIG. 16 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus 1600 according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure.
[0235] The communication apparatus 1600 may be applied to the terminal device, and may include:
[0236] a transceiving module 1601, configured to receive first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; and
[0237] a processing module 1602, configured to determine, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.
[0238] In some implementations, status is activated or inactivated.
[0239] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to perform the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated.
[0240] In some implementations, the first beam is a companion beam, and the first reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .
[0241] In some implementations, the first beam is an anchor beam, and the first reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .
[0242] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device in a case where a value of a first radio link quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and the value of the first radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; or the processing module 1602 is further configured to indicate an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device in a case where the value of the first radio link quality is less than the first threshold.
[0243] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to suspend performing the RLM measurement on the first beam when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated.
[0244] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam when the first information indicates that status of a second beam of the one or more beams is activated.
[0245] In some implementations, the second beam is an anchor beam, and the second reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .
[0246] In some implementations, the second beam is a companion beam, and the second reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .
[0247] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, and the value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; or the processing module 1602 is further configured to indicate an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device in a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold.
[0248] In some implementations, the processing module 1602 is further configured to perform the RLM measurement using the second reference signal, and the second reference signal is not in a discontinuous transmission cycle (DTX) .
[0249] In some implementations, the first beam is a companion beam.
[0250] The communication apparatus 1600 may be applied to a the network device, and may include a processing module 1602, configured to determine first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; and
[0251] a transceiving module 1601, configured to transmit the first information.
[0252] In some implementations, the status is activated or inactivated.
[0253] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the implementations of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the receiving device in the method implementations and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this implementation and the method implementations are not repeated here in detail.
[0254] FIG. 17 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17, the communication apparatus 1700 may include: a processor 1701 coupled with a memory 1702 in a communicative way via an interface 1703; where the memory 1702 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 1701 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 1702 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the terminal device or the network device. It should be noted that, the memory 1702 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus 1700, depending on actual needs.
[0255] Some implementations of the present disclosure provide an electronic device. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the method described in any one of the above implementations.
[0256] The present disclosure encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0257] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative implementations, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0258] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular implementations may also or instead be implemented in other implementations. Method implementations, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product implementations. In addition, although implementations are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0259] Some implementations of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method as described in any one of the above implementations.
[0260] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the implementations of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0261] Some implementations of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above implementations.
[0262] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above implementations, and details will not be repeated here.
[0263] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0264] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0265] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0266] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0267] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0268] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0269] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0270] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used interchangeably. The terms “associated to” and “associated with” may be used interchangeably.
[0271] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0272] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0273] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0274] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0275] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0276] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0277] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0278] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0279] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0280] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0281] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; anddetermining, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the status is activated or inactivated.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the method comprises:performing the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the first beam is a companion beam, and the first reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .5.The method of claim 3, wherein the first beam is an anchor beam, and the first reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .6.The method of any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprises:in a case where a value of a first radio link quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, indicating an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the first radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; orin a case where the value of the first radio link quality is less than the first threshold, indicating an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.7.The method of claim 2, wherein when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated, the method further comprises:suspending performing the RLM measurement on the first beam.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the first information indicates that status of a second beam of the one or more beams is activated, and the method further comprises:performing the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the second beam is an anchor beam, and the second reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .10.The method of claim 8, wherein the second beam is a companion beam, and the second reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .11.The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising:in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, indicating an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; orin a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold, indicating an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.12.The method of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein performing the RLM measurement using the second reference signal comprises:performing the RLM measurement using the second reference signal, wherein the second reference signal is not in a discontinuous transmission cycle (DTX) .13.The method of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the first beam is a companion beam.14.A communication method, comprising:determining first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; andtransmitting the first information.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the status is activated or inactivated.16.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 15.17.The communication apparatus of claim 16, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; anda processing unit configured to determine, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.18.The communication apparatus of claim 16, comprising:a processing unit configured to determine first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit the first information.19.The communication apparatus of claim 16, comprising:an interface circuit configured to receive first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; andone or more processors configured to determine, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.20.The communication apparatus of claim 16, comprising:one or more processors configured to determine first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; andan interface circuit configured to transmit the first information.21.The communication apparatus of claim 19 or 20, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.22.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 15.23.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 15.24.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 15.25.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 15.26.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:receive first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; anddetermine, based on status of the first beam, whether to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) measurement on the first beam.27.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the status is activated or inactivated.28.The apparatus of claim 26 or 27, wherein when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is activated, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:perform the RLM measurement using a first reference signal associated to the first beam.29.The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the first beam is a companion beam, and the first reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .30.The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the first beam is an anchor beam, and the first reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .31.The apparatus of any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:in a case where a value of a first radio link quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the first radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; orin a case where the value of the first radio link quality is less than the first threshold, indicate an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.32.The apparatus of claim 27, wherein when the first information indicates that the status of the first beam is inactivated, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:suspend performing the RLM measurement on the first beam.33.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the first information indicates that status of a second beam of the one or more beams is activated, and the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:perform the RLM measurement using a second reference signal associated with the second beam.34.The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the second beam is an anchor beam, and the second reference signal is a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS / PBCH) .35.The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the second beam is a companion beam, and the second reference signal is a Non-Zero Power Channel State Information-Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) .36.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to:in a case where a value of a second radio link quality is greater than or equal to a second threshold, indicate an in-sync event to a higher layer of the terminal device, wherein the value of the second radio link quality is obtained based on the RLM measurement; orin a case where the value of the second radio link quality is less than the second threshold, indicate an out-of-sync event to the higher layer of the terminal device.37.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:perform the RLM measurement using the second reference signal, wherein the second reference signal is not in a discontinuous transmission cycle (DTX) .38.The apparatus of any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein the first beam is a companion beam.39.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:determine first information indicating status of one or more beams including a first beam used for communicating with a terminal device; andtransmit the first information.40.The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the status is activated or inactivated.