Marine energy storage system, and charging method and discharging method for marine energy storage system

Abstract

A marine energy storage system, and a charging method and a discharging method for a marine energy storage system. The marine energy storage system comprises a power supply branch and a first high-voltage box. The power supply branch comprises an energy storage apparatus and a second high-voltage box. A first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface of the second high-voltage box are respectively electrically connected to a battery positive electrode and a battery negative electrode of the energy storage apparatus and a first end and a second end of a first switch circuit of the first high-voltage box. The first switch circuit is electrically connected to a marine power distribution system.

Description

Marine energy storage systems, charging and discharging methods for marine energy storage systems

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent applications filed on November 14, 2024, with application numbers 202422783541.8, 202422783553.0 and 202411624900.3, and filed on November 22, 2024, with application numbers 202411676447.0 and 202411690181.5, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a marine energy storage system, a charging method for the marine energy storage system, and a discharging method for the marine energy storage system. Background Technology

[0003] With the maturity of electric propulsion technology, all-electric ships have become the main direction of future ship design. Against this backdrop, marine energy storage systems, as an important component of modern ship design, have gradually evolved from providing energy for auxiliary loads to providing energy for various types of ship loads. In particular, as an important part of the ship's power system, they work in conjunction with various ship main / auxiliary engines to improve the ship's economic and environmental characteristics while meeting the various load requirements of the ship. Invention Overview

[0004] However, marine energy storage systems in related technologies usually adopt the architecture of land-based energy storage systems and are not optimized for the actual use environment of ships, resulting in poor safety performance of marine energy storage systems in actual use.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a marine energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch, the power supply branch including:

[0006] The second high-voltage box is equipped with a first interface and a second interface;

[0007] The energy storage device is equipped with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The battery positive terminal is electrically connected to a first interface, and the battery negative terminal is connected to a second interface.

[0008] The second high-voltage box is equipped with a charging interface and a discharging interface. The charging interface is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, and the discharging interface is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a marine energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch and a first high-voltage box; the power supply branch includes:

[0010] The energy storage device is equipped with a positive battery terminal and a negative battery terminal;

[0011] The second high-voltage box is equipped with a first interface, a second interface, a third interface and a fourth interface. The first interface is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second interface is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0012] The first high-voltage box includes a first switching circuit. The first end of the first switching circuit is electrically connected to the third interface, the second end of the first switching circuit is electrically connected to the fourth interface, and both the third and fourth ends of the first switching circuit are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides a charging method for a marine energy storage system. The marine energy storage system includes multiple power supply branches and a first high-voltage box. The multiple power supply branches are connected in parallel. Each power supply branch includes at least one battery pack and a second high-voltage box. The first high-voltage box is provided with a charging and discharging interface and is electrically connected to the second high-voltage box. The charging method includes:

[0014] Receive charging commands to charge the marine energy storage system;

[0015] Obtain the branch voltage of each power supply branch;

[0016] The power-on strategy of the power supply branch is determined based on the branch voltage, and the charging switch in the second high-voltage box is closed according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch.

[0017] Once all power supply branches are energized, close the charging switch in the first high-voltage box to charge the battery pack in each power supply branch through the first high-voltage box.

[0018] Fourthly, this application provides a charging method for a marine energy storage system. The marine energy storage system includes at least one power supply branch, which includes at least one battery pack and a second high-voltage box. The second high-voltage box is provided with a charging and discharging interface. The charging method includes:

[0019] If a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system is received, the charging information of the marine energy storage system is obtained.

[0020] Determine whether the charging and discharging interfaces have separate charging and discharging interfaces based on the charging information;

[0021] If the charging and discharging interface has a charging interface and a discharging interface, obtain the on / off information of the discharging switch corresponding to the discharging interface;

[0022] If the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is in the closed state, disconnect the discharge switch;

[0023] Close the charging switch corresponding to the discharge interface and charge the battery pack in the power supply branch where the charging switch is located.

[0024] Fifthly, this application provides a discharge method for a marine energy storage system, comprising:

[0025] If a marine energy storage system in a discharging state malfunctions, obtain the malfunction information of the marine energy storage system.

[0026] If the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to shut down, determine whether to trigger a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system.

[0027] If the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is reduced, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system will be adjusted from a preset first current to a preset second current; wherein the first current is greater than or equal to the second current. Beneficial effects

[0028] The marine energy storage system provided in this application includes at least one power supply branch and a first high-voltage box. The power supply branch includes an energy storage device and a second high-voltage box. The energy storage device has a positive battery terminal and a negative battery terminal. The second high-voltage box has a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface. The first interface is electrically connected to the positive battery terminal, and the second interface is electrically connected to the negative battery terminal. The first high-voltage box includes a first switching circuit. The first terminal of the first switching circuit is electrically connected to the third interface, and the second terminal of the first switching circuit is electrically connected to the fourth interface. The third and fourth terminals of the first switching circuit are both electrically connected to the marine power distribution system. Thus, not only can the high-voltage circuit of the marine energy storage system be monitored and managed through the first high-voltage box, but the first switching circuit in the first high-voltage box can also provide three-level protection for the marine energy storage system, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0029] The marine energy storage system provided in this application includes at least one power supply branch, which includes a second high-voltage box and an energy storage device. The second high-voltage box is provided with a first interface, a second interface, a charging interface, and a discharging interface. The energy storage device is provided with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The battery positive terminal is electrically connected to the first interface, and the battery negative terminal is electrically connected to the second interface. The charging interface is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, and the discharging interface is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system. This separates the charging interface and the discharging interface of the marine energy storage system, thereby enabling better independent control and protection of the battery charging and discharging process. At the same time, it avoids separating the marine energy storage system from the ship when charging is required, greatly improving the safety, reliability, and practicality of the marine energy storage system.

[0030] The charging method for marine energy storage systems provided in this application, upon receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system, determines the power-on strategy for each power supply branch by acquiring the branch voltage of each power supply branch. This ensures voltage consistency during the charging phase of each power supply branch, avoids poor voltage consistency between power supply branches after the marine energy storage system has completed charging, and greatly improves the reliability and safety of the marine energy storage system.

[0031] The charging method for a marine energy storage system provided in this application, upon receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system, acquires the charging information of the marine energy storage system to determine whether there are separate charging and discharging interfaces for the charging and discharging interfaces of the marine energy storage system. If there are charging and discharging interfaces, the on / off information of the discharge switch corresponding to the discharge interface is acquired. If the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is closed, the discharge switch is opened and the charging switch corresponding to the discharge interface is closed to supply power to the marine energy storage system. This allows for flexible adjustment of the charging strategy of the marine energy storage system after changes in the charging and discharging interfaces of the marine energy storage system, greatly improving the reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0032] The discharge method for a marine energy storage system provided in this application involves obtaining abnormal information about the marine energy storage system if the system malfunctions during discharge. If the abnormal information does not trigger the system to shut down, the method determines whether to reduce the discharge current of the system. If the reduction is triggered, the discharge current is adjusted from a first current to a second current. This method avoids the possibility of a battery cluster malfunctioning in the marine energy storage system, which could lead to a direct power outage and loss of power for the entire ship, thus greatly improving the reliability of the marine energy storage system's discharge. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 is a first schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a second schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 3 is a third schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 4 is a fourth schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 5 is a fifth schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0038] Figure 6 is a sixth schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0039] Figure 7 is a seventh schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0040] Figure 8 is the eighth schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0041] Figure 9 is a ninth schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the first process of the charging method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application.

[0043] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the second process of the charging method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application;

[0044] Figure 12 is a schematic flowchart of the discharge method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 10. Power supply branch;

[0047] 100. Second high-voltage box;

[0048] 110. First Interface;

[0049] 120. Second interface;

[0050] 130. Third interface;

[0051] 140. Fourth interface;

[0052] 150. Discharge interface; 151. Positive discharge terminal; 152. Negative discharge terminal;

[0053] 160. Charging port; 161. Positive charging terminal; 162. Negative charging terminal;

[0054] 170. First switching circuit; 171. First discharge switch; 172. First charging switch;

[0055] 180. Second switching circuit; 181. Second discharge switch; 182. Second charging switch;

[0056] 190. Equalizing circuit; 191. Equalizing switch; 192. Equalizing resistor;

[0057] 200. Energy storage device; 201. Battery pack;

[0058] 20. First high-voltage box;

[0059] 300. Third switch circuit; 310. First switch; 320. Second switch;

[0060] 400. Pre-charge circuit; 410. Pre-charge switch; 420. Pre-charge resistor;

[0061] 500, Fourth switch circuit; 510, Third switch; 520, Fourth switch. Embodiments of the present invention

[0062] This application provides a marine energy storage system, a charging method for the energy storage system, and a discharging method for the energy storage system.

[0063] To facilitate understanding, we will first introduce marine energy storage systems, and then explain in detail the charging methods of marine energy storage systems. Marine energy storage systems can be either three-tier or two-tier architecture systems. When the marine energy storage system is a two-tier architecture system, it can include at least one power supply branch, and a second high-voltage box 100 can be installed in the power supply branch. When the marine energy storage system is a three-tier architecture system, it can include at least one power supply branch and a first high-voltage box, and a second high-voltage box can be installed in the power supply branch.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a first schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application. As shown in Figure 1, this application provides a marine energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch 10, which includes:

[0065] Second high-pressure box 100;

[0066] Energy storage device 200 is electrically connected to second high-voltage box 100;

[0067] The second high-voltage box 100 is equipped with a charging and discharging interface, which is electrically connected to the ship's power distribution system or charging and discharging device.

[0068] In this embodiment, the charging and discharging of the marine energy storage system is integrated into a single interface, namely the charging and discharging interface, which can be located on the second high-voltage box 100. Simultaneously, the second high-voltage box 100 also has a first interface 110 and a second interface 120. The energy storage device 200 has a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The battery positive terminal is electrically connected to the first interface 110, and the battery negative terminal is electrically connected to the second interface 120. The second high-voltage box 100 includes a first switching circuit 170 and a second switching circuit 180. The charging and discharging interface includes a charging and discharging positive terminal 101 and a charging and discharging negative terminal 102. The first switching circuit 170 is located between the first interface 110 and the charging and discharging positive terminal, and the second switching circuit 180 is located between the second interface 120 and the charging and discharging negative terminal. Both the first switching circuit 170 and the second switching circuit 180 have a switch for controlling the on / off state of the main circuit of the power supply branch 10; this switch can be a relay.

[0069] Ships may use the marine energy storage system mentioned in this application. When it is necessary to charge the marine energy storage system, the marine energy storage system needs to be separated from the ship, that is, the charging and discharging interface is separated from the marine power distribution system and electrically connected to the charging and discharging device to charge the marine energy storage system.

[0070] When the marine energy storage system is separated from the ship and electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, the second switching circuit 180 can be turned on first, and then the first switching circuit 170 can be turned on to complete the power supply branch 10. After the power supply branch 10 is powered on, the battery pack 201 in the power supply branch 10 can be charged.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a second schematic block diagram of the marine energy storage system provided in this application. As shown in Figure 2, this application provides a marine energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch 10, which includes:

[0072] The second high-voltage box 100 is provided with a first interface 110 and a second interface 120;

[0073] The energy storage device 200 is provided with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The battery positive terminal is electrically connected to the first interface 110 and the battery negative terminal is electrically connected to the second interface 120.

[0074] The second high-voltage box 100 is also equipped with a charging and discharging interface, which includes a charging interface 160 and a discharging interface 150. The charging interface 160 is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, and the discharging interface 150 is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0075] In this embodiment, the marine energy storage system can be a marine containerized energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch 10. The power supply branch 10 is provided with a second high-voltage box 100 and an energy storage device 200. The second high-voltage box 100 is provided with a charging interface 160 and a discharging interface 150. The charging interface 160 is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device to charge the power supply branch 10 on the energy storage system. The discharging interface 150 is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system to distribute the electrical energy output from the power supply branch 10 and supply it to the ship. This achieves better independent control and protection of the battery charging and discharging process, and greatly improves the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0076] Meanwhile, the marine energy storage system provided in this application may include multiple power supply branches 10, each power supply branch 10 is equipped with a second high-voltage box 100 and an energy storage device 200, the second high-voltage box 100 is equipped with a charging interface 160 and a discharging interface 150, and after the power supply branches 10 are connected in parallel, the multiple charging interfaces 160 on each second high-voltage box 100 can be integrated into a charging interface, and the multiple discharging interfaces 150 on each second high-voltage box 100 can be integrated into a discharging interface.

[0077] Specifically, the marine energy storage system mentioned in this application is a two-level architecture energy storage system, which can also be expanded into a three-level architecture energy storage system. When it is expanded into a three-level architecture energy storage system, a combiner cabinet can be connected to the rear end of the second high-voltage box 100, and the circuit inside the combiner cabinet can be designed to be similar to the circuit inside the second high-voltage box 100, thereby realizing a three-level architecture marine energy storage system.

[0078] The energy storage device 200 mentioned in this application may include multiple battery packs 201, which are connected in series to form a battery cluster for a marine energy storage system. By providing multiple battery packs 201 in each power supply branch 10, and by connecting each battery pack 201 in series with a fuse and / or a relay, this application can not only increase the voltage of the power supply branch 10 but also enhance its safety performance.

[0079] In addition, when the energy storage device 200 may include multiple battery packs 201, the multiple battery packs 201 may also be connected in parallel to form a cluster of batteries for a marine energy storage system.

[0080] Meanwhile, each battery pack 201 may also include a fuse and at least one battery cell. The fuse and at least one battery cell are connected in series and then connected to the input and output terminals of the battery pack 201, respectively. Alternatively, each battery pack 201 may include at least one fuse and at least one battery cell. The fuse and battery cell are connected in series one-to-one and then electrically connected to the input and output terminals, respectively, to achieve parallel connection. In this way, when a short circuit occurs in the battery pack 201, the second fuse can promptly cut off the circuit in which the battery pack 201 is located, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery pack 201.

[0081] The marine energy storage system provided in this application includes at least one power supply branch 10. The power supply branch 10 includes a second high-voltage box 100 and an energy storage device 200. The second high-voltage box 100 is provided with a first interface 110, a second interface 120, a charging interface 160, and a discharging interface 150. The energy storage device 200 is provided with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The battery positive terminal is electrically connected to the first interface 110, and the battery negative terminal is electrically connected to the second interface 120. The charging interface 160 is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, and the discharging interface 150 is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system. This separates the charging interface 160 and the discharging interface 150 of the marine energy storage system, thereby enabling better independent control and protection of the battery charging and discharging process. At the same time, it avoids separating the marine energy storage system from the ship when charging is required, greatly improving the safety, reliability, and practicality of the marine energy storage system.

[0082] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the second high-voltage box 100 includes a first switching circuit 170 and a second switching circuit 180, a charging interface 160 including a charging positive terminal 161 and a charging negative terminal 162, and a discharging interface 150 including a discharging positive terminal 151 and a discharging negative terminal 152; wherein, one end of the first switching circuit 170 is electrically connected to the first interface 110, and the other end of the first switching circuit 170 is electrically connected to the charging positive terminal 161 and the discharging positive terminal 151 respectively; one end of the second switching circuit 180 is electrically connected to the second interface 120, and the other end of the second switching circuit 180 is electrically connected to the charging negative terminal 162 and the discharging negative terminal 152 respectively.

[0083] In this embodiment, by setting a first switching circuit 170 and a second switching circuit 180 inside the second high-voltage box 100, the positive discharge terminal 151 of the discharge interface 150 and the positive charging terminal 161 of the charging interface 160 are both electrically connected to the first interface 110 through the first switching circuit 170, thereby achieving electrical connection to the positive terminal of the battery of the energy storage device 200; the negative discharge terminal 152 of the discharge interface 150 and the negative charging terminal 162 of the charging interface 160 are both electrically connected to the second interface 120 through the second switching circuit 180, thereby achieving electrical connection to the negative terminal of the battery of the energy storage device 200. Thus, when the marine energy storage system needs to discharge, the first switching circuit 170 can be used to connect the positive terminal of the battery of the energy storage device 200. The first switch circuit 170 and the second switch circuit 180 respectively disconnect the path between the charging positive terminal 161 and the first interface 110 and the charging negative terminal 162 and the second interface 120 to ensure normal discharge of the marine energy storage system. When the marine energy storage system needs to be charged, the first switch circuit 170 and the second switch circuit 180 respectively disconnect the path between the discharging positive terminal 151 and the first interface 110 and the discharging negative terminal 152 and the second interface 120 to ensure normal charging of the marine energy storage system. This allows for better independent control and protection of the battery charging and discharging process, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0084] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the first switching circuit 170 includes a first discharge switch 171 and a first charging switch 172; wherein, one end of the first discharge switch 171 and one end of the first charging switch 172 are electrically connected to the first interface 110, the other end of the first discharge switch 171 is electrically connected to the discharge positive terminal 151, and the other end of the first charging switch 172 is electrically connected to the charging positive terminal 161.

[0085] In this embodiment, the opening and closing of the first discharge switch 171 and the first charging switch 172 can both be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system, and both the first discharge switch 171 and the first charging switch 172 can be relays.

[0086] The battery management system is responsible for the charging and discharging management, status monitoring and analysis, power management and protection of the batteries in the marine energy storage system.

[0087] Specifically, the battery management system can systematically manage and prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating of batteries in marine energy storage systems, thereby improving the battery performance and lifespan of marine energy storage systems.

[0088] Meanwhile, in marine energy storage systems, the battery management system typically includes domain management units, cluster management units, module management units, and safety modules, which can then communicate with the integrated control system to achieve more efficient battery management.

[0089] In addition, the battery management system can also adopt a modular design, which can be expanded according to the battery composition to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0090] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the second switch circuit 180 includes a second discharge switch 181 and a second charging switch 182; wherein, one end of the second discharge switch 181 and one end of the second charging switch 182 are electrically connected to the second interface 120, the other end of the second discharge switch 181 is electrically connected to the discharge negative terminal 152, and the other end of the second charging switch 182 is electrically connected to the charging negative terminal 162.

[0091] In this embodiment, the switching on and off of the second discharge switch 181 and the second charging switch 182 can both be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system, and both the second discharge switch 181 and the second charging switch 182 can be relays.

[0092] In addition, the first discharge switch 171, the second discharge switch 181, the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 can also be controlled by the ship management system. The on / off control method of the first discharge switch 171, the second discharge switch 181, the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 mentioned in this application can be selected according to the actual application, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0093] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the second high-voltage box 100 further includes an equalization circuit 190; wherein, one end of the equalization circuit 190 is electrically connected to the first interface 110, and the other end of the equalization circuit 190 is electrically connected to the discharge positive electrode 151 and / or the charging positive electrode 161.

[0094] Because the internal resistance of each cell in a marine energy storage system varies, and the differences are even more pronounced after the cells are integrated into a battery cluster, the marine energy storage system needs to balance the batteries on each power supply branch 10 before discharging to ensure voltage consistency between each power supply branch 10.

[0095] In this embodiment, an equalization circuit 190 can be provided between the first interface 110 and the discharge positive terminal 151. This allows the equalization circuit 190 to balance the voltage of each power supply branch 10 when the marine energy storage system needs to discharge, ensuring voltage consistency between them. It also prevents inrush currents during charging and discharging of the marine energy storage system. Specifically, when power supply branch 10 is powered on, the main negative switch (fourth switch 520) in the first high-voltage box 20 is first closed, then the equalization circuit 190 is turned on. After a preset time, the main positive switch (third switch 510) in the first high-voltage box 20 is closed, and then the equalization circuit 190 is turned off. This significantly improves the startup performance and safety of the marine energy storage system.

[0096] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the equalization circuit 190 includes an equalization switch 191 and an equalization resistor 192; wherein, one end of the equalization switch 191 is electrically connected to the first interface 110, the other end of the equalization switch 191 is electrically connected to one end of the equalization resistor 192, and the other end of the equalization resistor 192 is electrically connected to the discharge positive terminal 151.

[0097] In this embodiment, the switching on and off of the equalization switch 191 can be controlled by the battery management system, and the equalization switch 191 can be a relay.

[0098] Meanwhile, the on / off state of the equalization switch 191 can also be controlled by the ship management system. The on / off control of the equalization switch 191 can be selected according to the actual application, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0099] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 200 and the second high-voltage box 100 communicate with each other via a communication interface.

[0100] In this embodiment, the energy storage device 200 may include multiple battery packs 201, each of which may be equipped with a communication interface. The communication interfaces between the battery packs 201 can be electrically connected for communication. Simultaneously, the second high-voltage box 100 may also be equipped with a communication interface. The communication interfaces between the battery packs 201 and the second high-voltage box 100 can be electrically connected for communication. Therefore, the battery management system or the ship management system can manage the second high-voltage box 100 and the battery packs 201 through the communication interfaces of the battery packs 201 and the second high-voltage box 100. This allows for better independent control and protection of the battery charging and discharging process, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0101] In some embodiments, the charging and discharging device is a charger or a charging pile.

[0102] Specifically, a charger is a device that provides electrical energy to batteries. It employs high-frequency power technology and advanced intelligent dynamic adjustment charging technology, featuring high charging efficiency, simple operation, light weight, and small size. Chargers are widely used in various fields, including electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, and electric forklifts. The charger mentioned in this application is mainly used in the marine field and can be installed on ships. Charging piles are important infrastructure for providing electrical energy to electric vehicles, functioning similarly to gas pumps at gas stations. The charging piles mentioned in this application provide electrical energy to ship energy storage systems.

[0103] In some embodiments, the discharge interface 150 is electrically connected to a marine power distribution system, which includes a DC / AC converter, an energy storage converter, or a DC power distribution board.

[0104] Marine power distribution systems can be part of a ship's electrical system, and the switchboards in these systems can be of various types, such as main switchboards and emergency switchboards. Marine main switchboards are suitable for all types of ship power plants and are used to control, monitor, and protect generator sets and distribute power grids.

[0105] In this embodiment, the DC / AC converter, energy storage converter, and DC distribution board can be installed in the marine power distribution system.

[0106] A DC / AC converter, also known as an inverter, is a device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). DC / AC converters primarily use power semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs or MOSFETs) to achieve the conversion from DC to AC. Energy storage converters can control the charging and discharging process of power supply branch 10 and perform AC-DC conversion; they can also directly supply power to AC loads even without a power grid. A DC switchboard is a device that distributes and manages DC power and is widely used in various industrial, marine, and new energy fields.

[0107] In some embodiments, to improve the safety performance of marine energy storage systems, as shown in Figure 5, this application also provides a marine energy storage system, including at least one power supply branch 10 and a first high-voltage box 20; the power supply branch 10 includes:

[0108] The energy storage device 200 is equipped with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal;

[0109] The second high-voltage box 100 is provided with a first interface 110, a second interface 120, a third interface 130 and a fourth interface 140. The first interface 110 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the second interface 120 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0110] The first high-voltage box 20 includes a third switch circuit 300. The first end of the third switch circuit 300 is electrically connected to the third interface 130, and the second end of the third switch circuit 300 is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140. Both the third and fourth ends of the third switch circuit 300 are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0111] In this embodiment, the marine energy storage system can be a marine containerized energy storage system, which includes at least one power supply branch 10 and a first high-voltage box 20. The power supply branch 10 is provided with a second high-voltage box 100 and an energy storage device 200. The energy storage device 200 is provided with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal. The high-voltage box is provided with a first interface 110, a second interface 120, a third interface 130 and a fourth interface 140. The first interface 110 is electrically connected to the battery positive terminal and the second interface 120 is electrically connected to the battery negative terminal. At the same time, a third switching circuit 300 is provided between the second high-voltage box 100 and the marine power distribution system. This not only realizes the monitoring and management of the high-voltage circuit of the marine energy storage system, but also realizes the three-level protection of the energy storage system, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0112] Among them, the first high-voltage box 20 can be a group of high-voltage boxes, the second high-voltage box 100 can be a cluster of high-voltage boxes, and a power supply branch 10 can be understood as a battery cluster.

[0113] A high-voltage stack box generally refers to a high-voltage box used when multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack. A high-voltage stack box can consist of a high-voltage power supply board (such as a DC / DC converter, pre-charge module, fuses, sensors, high-voltage acquisition and communication module), a main switch, and contactors. The main function of the high-voltage stack box is to aggregate the outputs of multiple battery clusters and provide a unified high-voltage output interface.

[0114] High-voltage battery packs are often configured in large-scale energy storage systems, such as those exceeding 6 MWh. These systems not only require different battery pack configurations but also place higher demands on the battery management system. High-voltage battery packs can support the parallel connection of multiple battery clusters, thereby improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0115] Meanwhile, high-voltage storage boxes typically have larger capacities and higher voltage levels, making them suitable for large-scale energy storage applications. Their design needs to consider the parallel connection requirements of multiple battery clusters, as well as corresponding heat dissipation and protection measures. Furthermore, high-voltage storage boxes also require flexible customization capabilities to adapt to different installation and wiring requirements.

[0116] The cluster high-voltage box is configured to manage the power circuit of the battery cluster. The cluster high-voltage box can integrate components such as circuit breakers, contactors, fuses, shunts, precharge circuits, switching power supplies, and battery cluster management modules, which together constitute a complete battery cluster management system responsible for functions such as voltage acquisition, current acquisition, temperature monitoring, and data communication of the battery cluster.

[0117] The cluster high-voltage box is configured to connect one or more battery clusters and connect them to an energy storage converter or other control equipment.

[0118] For example, in a large-scale energy storage power station, a cluster of high-voltage boxes can be connected to two clusters of batteries, achieving a two-input, two-output configuration.

[0119] Furthermore, the cluster high-voltage box is suitable for various energy storage scenarios, including source, grid, load, and shared energy storage. At the same time, the design of the cluster high-voltage box needs to consider factors such as explosion-proof, fire-proof, and theft-proof to ensure the safe operation of the system. The internal structure of the cluster high-voltage box is complex, integrating multiple electronic controllers and sensors, enabling comprehensive management of the battery clusters.

[0120] The marine energy storage system provided in this application includes at least one power supply branch 10 and a first high-voltage box 20. The power supply branch 10 includes an energy storage device 200 and a second high-voltage box 100. The energy storage device 200 is provided with a positive battery terminal and a negative battery terminal. The second high-voltage box 100 is provided with a first interface 110, a second interface 120, a third interface 130, and a fourth interface 140. The first interface 110 is electrically connected to the positive battery terminal, and the second interface 120 is electrically connected to the negative battery terminal. The first high-voltage box 20 includes a third switching circuit 300. The first end of the third switching circuit 300 is electrically connected to the third interface 130, and the second end of the third switching circuit 300 is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140. Both the third and fourth ends of the third switching circuit 300 are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system. Thus, not only can the high-voltage circuit of the marine energy storage system be monitored and managed through the first high-voltage box 20, but the energy storage system can also be protected by three levels through the third switching circuit 300 in the first high-voltage box 20, which greatly improves the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0121] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the third switch circuit 300 includes a first switch 310 and a second switch; wherein, one end of the first switch 310 is electrically connected to the third interface 130, and the other end of the first switch 310 is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system; one end of the second switch is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140, and the other end of the second switch is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0122] In this embodiment, the on / off state of the first switch 310 and the second switch 320 can both be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system, and both the first switch 310 and the second switch 320 can be relays.

[0123] The battery management system is responsible for the charging and discharging management, status monitoring and analysis, power management and protection of the batteries in the marine energy storage system.

[0124] Specifically, the battery management system can systematically manage and prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating of batteries in marine energy storage systems, thereby improving the battery performance and lifespan of marine energy storage systems.

[0125] Meanwhile, in marine energy storage systems, the battery management system typically includes domain management units, cluster management units, module management units, and safety modules, which can then communicate with the integrated control system to achieve more efficient battery management.

[0126] In addition, the battery management system can also adopt a modular design, which can be expanded according to the battery composition to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0127] In some embodiments, the third switching circuit 300 includes a disconnecting switch; wherein, the first end of the disconnecting switch is electrically connected to the third interface 130, the second end of the disconnecting switch is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140, and both the third and fourth ends of the disconnecting switch are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0128] Specifically, an isolating switch is a switching device in an electrical system that ensures safe isolation of circuits. Its main function is to physically disconnect the circuit to ensure complete de-energization during maintenance and repair, preventing electric shock or other hazards. When in the open position, the contacts of an isolating switch have an insulation distance that meets the specified requirements and a clear disconnection mark; when in the closed position, it can carry current under normal circuit conditions and current under abnormal conditions (such as short circuits) for a specified time.

[0129] In this embodiment, the switching on and off of the disconnecting switch can be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system, which can replace the first switch 310 and the second switch 320 mentioned in this application.

[0130] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the first high-voltage box 20 further includes a pre-charging circuit 400; wherein, one end of the pre-charging circuit 400 is electrically connected to the first end of the third interface 130 and the third switching circuit 300, and the other end of the pre-charging circuit 400 is electrically connected to the second end of the marine power distribution system and the third switching circuit 300.

[0131] In this embodiment, the pre-charging circuit 400 can prevent inrush current from occurring during the charging and discharging of the marine energy storage system.

[0132] Specifically, after the power supply branch 10 is powered on, it is pre-charged through the pre-charging circuit 400. After the pre-charging is completed, the third switching circuit 300 in the first high-voltage box 20 is turned on and the pre-charging circuit 400 is turned off, which can significantly improve the start-up performance and safety of the marine energy storage system.

[0133] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the pre-charging circuit 400 includes a pre-charging switch 410 and a pre-charging resistor 420; wherein, one end of the pre-charging switch 410 is electrically connected to the first end of the third interface 130 and the third switching circuit 300 respectively, the other end of the pre-charging switch 410 is electrically connected to one end of the pre-charging resistor 420, and the other end of the pre-charging resistor 420 is electrically connected to the second end of the marine power distribution system and the third switching circuit 300 respectively.

[0134] Specifically, after the power supply branch 10 is powered on, the main negative switch in the third switch circuit 300, i.e. the second switch 320, can be closed first, and then the pre-charge switch 410 can be closed. After a preset time, i.e. after the pre-charge is completed, the main positive switch in the third switch circuit 300, i.e. the first switch 310, can be closed. Then the pre-charge switch 410 can be opened to realize the normal power-on of the marine energy storage system.

[0135] In some embodiments, the first high-voltage box 20 is provided with a charging and discharging interface, which includes a charging and discharging positive terminal and a charging and discharging negative terminal; wherein, one end of the charging and discharging positive terminal is electrically connected to the third terminal of the third switching circuit 300 and the other end of the pre-charging circuit 400, and the other end of the charging and discharging positive terminal is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system; one end of the charging and discharging negative terminal is electrically connected to the fourth terminal of the third switching circuit 300, and the other end of the charging and discharging negative terminal is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

[0136] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the second high-voltage box 100 includes a fourth switching circuit 500; wherein, the first end of the fourth switching circuit 500 is electrically connected to the first interface 110, the second end of the fourth switching circuit 500 is electrically connected to the second interface 120, the third end of the fourth switching circuit 500 is electrically connected to the third interface 130, and the fourth end of the fourth switching circuit 500 is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140.

[0137] In this embodiment, the second high-voltage box 100 uses a fourth switching circuit 500 to control the on / off state of the power supply branch 10 where the second high-voltage box 100 is located. When it is necessary to disconnect the main circuit of the power supply branch 10, it can be achieved by disconnecting the fourth switching circuit 500; when it is necessary to connect the main circuit of the power supply branch 10, it can be achieved by connecting the fourth switching circuit 500.

[0138] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the fourth switch circuit 500 includes a third switch 510 and a fourth switch 520; wherein, one end of the third switch 510 is electrically connected to the first interface 110, and the other end of the third switch 510 is electrically connected to the third interface 130; one end of the fourth switch 520 is electrically connected to the second interface 120, and the other end of the fourth switch 520 is electrically connected to the fourth interface 140.

[0139] In this embodiment, the on / off state of the third switch 510 and the fourth switch 520 can both be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system, and both the third switch 510 and the fourth switch 520 can be relays.

[0140] In addition, the first switch 310, the second switch 320, the third switch 510 and the fourth switch 520 can also be controlled by the ship management system. The on / off control method of the first switch 310, the second switch 320, the third switch 510 and the fourth switch 520 mentioned in this application can be selected according to the actual application, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0141] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the second high-voltage box 100 further includes an equalization circuit 190; wherein, one end of the equalization circuit 190 is electrically connected to the first interface 110 and the first end of the fourth switch circuit 500 respectively, and the other end of the equalization circuit 190 is electrically connected to the third interface 130 and the second end of the fourth switch circuit 500 respectively.

[0142] Because the internal resistance of each cell in a marine energy storage system varies, and the differences are even more pronounced after the cells are integrated into a battery cluster, the marine energy storage system needs to balance the batteries on each power supply branch 10 before discharging to ensure voltage consistency between each power supply branch 10.

[0143] In this embodiment, an equalization circuit 190 can be provided between the battery positive terminal and the discharge positive terminal 151. This allows the marine energy storage system to be balanced when it needs to discharge, ensuring voltage consistency among the various power supply branches 10. It also helps prevent inrush currents during charging and discharging of the marine energy storage system.

[0144] Specifically, when power supply branch 10 is powered on, the main negative switch in the second high voltage box 100, i.e., the fourth switch 520, can be closed first, and then the equalization circuit 190 can be turned on. After a preset time, the main positive switch in the second high voltage box 100, i.e., the third switch 510, can be closed, and then the equalization circuit 190 can be turned off. This can significantly improve the start-up performance and safety of the marine energy storage system.

[0145] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the equalization circuit 190 includes an equalization switch 191 and an equalization resistor 192; wherein, one end of the equalization switch 191 is electrically connected to the first interface 110 and the first end of the fourth switch circuit 500 respectively, the other end of the equalization switch 191 is electrically connected to one end of the equalization resistor 192, and the other end of the equalization resistor 192 is electrically connected to the third interface 130 and the second end of the fourth switch circuit 500 respectively.

[0146] In this embodiment, the switching on and off of the equalization switch 191 can be controlled by the battery management system, and the equalization switch 191 can be a relay.

[0147] Meanwhile, the on / off state of the equalization switch 191 can also be controlled by the ship management system. The on / off control of the equalization switch 191 can be selected according to the actual application, and this application does not make specific limitations.

[0148] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 200, the first high-voltage box 20, and the second high-voltage box 100 communicate with each other using their respective communication interfaces.

[0149] In this embodiment, the energy storage device 200 may include multiple battery packs 201, each of which may be equipped with a communication interface. The communication interfaces between the battery packs 201 may be electrically connected for communication. Simultaneously, both the first high-voltage box 20 and the second high-voltage box 100 are equipped with communication interfaces. The communication interfaces between the battery packs 201 and the second high-voltage box 100, as well as between the first high-voltage box 20 and the second high-voltage box 100, may also be electrically connected for communication. Therefore, the battery management system or the ship management system can manage the first high-voltage box 20, the second high-voltage box 100, and the battery packs 201 through the communication interfaces of the battery packs 201 and the high-voltage boxes, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0150] In some embodiments, the third and fourth terminals of the third switching circuit 300 are both electrically connected to a marine power distribution system, which includes a DC / AC converter, an energy storage converter, or a DC power distribution board.

[0151] In this embodiment, the marine power distribution system can be part of the ship's electrical system, and the switchboard in the marine power distribution system can be of various types, such as the main switchboard and the emergency switchboard. Among them, the marine main switchboard can be applied to various types of ship power stations to control, monitor and protect generator sets and distribute power grids.

[0152] DC / AC converters, energy storage converters, and DC distribution boards can be installed in marine power distribution systems. A DC / AC converter, also known as an inverter, is a device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). DC / AC converters primarily use power semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs or MOSFETs) to achieve the DC-to-AC conversion. Energy storage converters can control the charging and discharging process of power supply branch 10 and perform AC-DC conversion; they can also directly supply power to AC loads in the absence of a power grid. DC distribution boards are devices that distribute and manage DC power and are widely used in various industrial, marine, and new energy fields.

[0153] It is understood that the marine energy storage system provided in this application embodiment is an example. The marine energy storage system described in this application embodiment is to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application embodiment and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution provided in this application embodiment. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of the system and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment is also applicable to similar situations. The following are detailed descriptions.

[0154] It should be noted that the order of description of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments. The charging method for the marine energy storage system is described in detail below. Furthermore, the charging method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application can be executed by a battery management system.

[0155] Please refer to Figure 10, which is a schematic flowchart of the charging method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application. As shown in Figure 10, the method includes steps S110 to S140.

[0156] S110, Receive charging instructions to charge the marine energy storage system.

[0157] In this embodiment, the charging command is an instruction message requesting the marine energy storage system to be charged. The charging command can be issued by the ship management system, automated manifest system, planned maintenance system, ship energy management system, etc., to the battery management system of the marine energy storage system.

[0158] In some embodiments, after receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system and before obtaining the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10, the method further includes: obtaining charging information of the marine energy storage system; determining, based on the charging information, whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150; if there are separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150, obtaining the on / off information of the discharge switch corresponding to the discharge interface 150; if the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is in a closed state, opening the discharge switch; closing the charging switch corresponding to the charging interface 160, and charging the battery pack 201 in the power supply branch 10 where the charging switch is located.

[0159] In this embodiment, the charging information refers to the configuration information of the marine energy storage system. Since the charging and discharging interfaces of the marine energy storage system can be either the same charging / discharging interface or separate charging / discharging interfaces (where separate interfaces refer to two independent charging interfaces 160 and 150), after receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system, the battery management system needs to determine whether the charging and discharging interfaces have separate charging and discharging interfaces 160 and 150 based on the charging information of the marine energy storage system. If separate charging and discharging interfaces 160 and 150 exist, a separate charging / discharging interface strategy can be used to charge the marine energy storage system; otherwise, a same charging / discharging interface strategy can be used.

[0160] Among them, "different charging and discharging ports" means that the marine energy storage system includes separate charging ports 160 and discharging ports 150, while "same charging and discharging ports" means that the charging ports 160 and discharging ports 150 of the marine energy storage system are integrated into one interface.

[0161] Meanwhile, after determining whether the charging and discharging interfaces have separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150, the charging device electrically connected to the charging and discharging interfaces may be located on the ship. In this case, the ship's energy storage system may still be supplying power to the ship. Therefore, after determining whether the charging and discharging interfaces have separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150, this application also needs to determine whether the ship's energy storage system is still supplying power to the ship. If the on / off information shows that the discharging switch is closed, the discharging switch needs to be opened, and then the charging switch corresponding to the discharging interface 150 needs to be closed to supply power to the ship's energy storage system.

[0162] The discharge switch can be the first discharge switch of the first switching circuit and the second discharge switch of the second switching circuit in the second high-voltage box. Specifically, if the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch are in the closed state, the first discharge switch 171 and the second discharge switch 181 need to be disconnected in sequence to ensure that the marine power distribution system and the marine energy storage system are in the disconnected state.

[0163] Furthermore, after the marine energy storage system and the marine power distribution system are disconnected, the charging switch in the second high-voltage box can be closed to charge the power supply branch 10. The charging switch can be the first charging switch 172 of the first switching circuit 170 and the second charging switch 182 of the second switching circuit 180 in the second high-voltage box.

[0164] Specifically, after the marine energy storage system and the marine power distribution system are disconnected, the second charging switch 182 and the first charging switch 172 can be closed in sequence.

[0165] S120, Obtain the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10.

[0166] Specifically, this application can obtain the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system, and then sort each power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system from low to high voltage, and perform power-on balancing from low to high voltage in sequence, thereby avoiding poor voltage consistency of each power supply branch 10 during the charging process.

[0167] In some embodiments, before obtaining the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10, the method further includes: obtaining the charging information of the marine energy storage system; if the charging information is a preset first information, determining whether the communication connection between the charging and discharging interface and the charging pile is successful; if the communication connection between the charging and discharging interface and the charging pile is successful, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information of the marine energy storage system.

[0168] Specifically, the first piece of information can be a charging connection confirmation signal. Since marine energy storage systems may use charging stations for charging, the battery management system (BMS), upon receiving a charging command for the marine energy storage system, must first confirm whether a charging station is being used. If a charging station is being used, it needs to determine whether it has received a charging connection confirmation signal (the first piece of information) sent from the charging / discharging interface to the BMS. If the charging connection confirmation signal from the charging station is received, it can be determined whether the communication connection between the charging / discharging interface and the charging station is successful. At this point, the BMS can run a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there are any faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0169] Among them, the charging connection confirmation signal can be the CC2 signal. After the charging pile is electrically connected to the charging interface 160 of the marine energy storage system, the battery management system of the marine energy storage system can detect the CC2 signal and be woken up. After being woken up by the CC2 signal, the battery management system can run a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0170] In some embodiments, after obtaining the charging information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: if the charging information is a preset second type of information, determining whether the charging command is valid; if the charging command is valid, determining whether the marine energy storage system has successfully communicated with the ship management system; if the marine energy storage system has successfully communicated with the ship management system, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information.

[0171] In this embodiment, the second information is the absence of a charging connection confirmation signal in the charging information. When the battery management system does not detect a charging connection signal, meaning the second information is present in the charging information, it can be confirmed that the marine energy storage system is not using a charging pile for charging, but rather a charger. Therefore, after not detecting a charging connection signal, the battery management system needs to verify the validity of the charging command sent by the ship management system to the battery management system. If the charging command is valid, the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to perform fault detection on the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system. If the charging command is invalid, charging protection needs to be implemented for the marine energy storage system, and a charging failure alarm message needs to be generated.

[0172] Meanwhile, before the battery management system runs its self-test program, if the charging and discharging interface is not electrically connected to the charging pile but to the charging device, it is necessary to further determine whether the battery management system and the ship management system have successfully communicated. If the communication connection is successful, the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0173] In some embodiments, after obtaining the charging information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: if the charging information contains preset third information, determining whether the current at the charging / discharging interface flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack 201; if the current at the charging / discharging interface flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack 201, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information.

[0174] In this embodiment, after the battery management system does not detect a charging connection signal, it can also determine whether the marine energy storage system needs to be charged by determining whether the current at the charging and discharging interface flows from the charging and discharging interface to the battery pack 201, that is, by determining the direction of the current at the charging and discharging interface. If the current at the charging and discharging interface flows from the charging and discharging interface to the battery pack 201, it can be determined that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged. Then the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0175] Meanwhile, this application can also determine whether the current at the charging / discharging interface flows to the battery pack 201 after the charging command is invalid. If the current at the charging / discharging interface flows to the battery pack 201, it can be determined that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged. Then the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0176] In some embodiments, before performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system and obtaining fault detection information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: obtaining the current temperature of the battery pack 201.

[0177] Specifically, after the battery management system determines that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged, the battery temperature in the marine energy storage system may be low due to the aquatic environment in which the ship is located. If the self-test program is run directly to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, a fault may be displayed due to the low battery temperature. Therefore, after determining that the marine energy storage system needs charging, the battery management system first needs to obtain the current temperature of the battery pack 201 in the marine energy storage system and determine whether the current temperature of the battery pack 201 meets the charging requirements, that is, the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than a first temperature and not higher than a second temperature. At this time, the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system. If the current temperature of the battery pack 201 does not meet the charging requirements, that is, the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is lower than the first temperature, the battery pack 201 needs to be heated so that the temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than the first temperature and not higher than the second temperature. If the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is higher than the second temperature, the battery pack 201 needs to be cooled down until the temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than the first temperature and not higher than the second temperature before the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0178] The first temperature can be the critical temperature at which the marine energy storage system needs to be heated, and the second temperature can be the critical temperature at which the marine energy storage system needs to be cooled. The setting of the first and second temperatures can be determined based on the battery pack 201 itself, and this application does not make specific limitations here.

[0179] In some embodiments, after obtaining the current temperature of the battery pack 201, the method further includes: if the current temperature is lower than a first temperature, generating a heating command to heat the battery pack 201; and after a preset first time, detecting the temperature of the battery pack 201 again to determine whether there is a heating fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0180] In this embodiment, when the current temperature of the battery pack 201 in the marine energy storage system is lower than the first temperature, it can be determined that the temperature of the battery pack 201 is too low. At this time, the battery management system generates a heating command to heat the battery pack 201. Devices configured in the marine energy storage system to heat the battery pack 201, such as closing a heating relay, are used to heat the battery pack 201. After a preset first time, the temperature of the battery pack 201 is detected. If the temperature of the battery pack 201 is between the first and second temperatures, the heating relay can be disconnected, and a self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system. If the temperature of the battery pack 201 still does not reach the first temperature, it can be determined that a heating fault has occurred in the marine energy storage system. At this time, it is also necessary to disconnect the heating relay and perform charging protection on the marine energy storage system, while generating a charging failure alarm message.

[0181] In addition, if the charging and discharging interface of the marine energy storage system is not electrically connected to the charging pile but to the charging device before the battery management system runs the self-test program, it is necessary to further determine whether the battery management system and the ship management system have successfully communicated. If the communication connection is successful, the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0182] S130. Determine the power-on strategy of the power supply branch 10 according to the branch voltage, and close the charging switch in the second high-voltage box according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch 10.

[0183] In this embodiment, the power-on strategy refers to the rule information for powering up each power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system before charging the system. For example, when there are multiple parallel power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system, in order to ensure the consistency of the charging voltage of each power supply branch 10, the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage can be powered up first. After the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage is powered up, the other power supply branches 10 are powered up in sequence. When there are two power supply branches 10 in the energy storage system, the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage can be powered up first. After the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage is powered up, the other power supply branch 10 is powered up.

[0184] In some embodiments, the multiple power supply branches include a first power supply branch and a second power supply branch; determining the power-on strategy of the power supply branch 10 based on the branch voltage, and closing the charging switch in the second high-voltage box according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch 10, includes: determining a first power supply branch with a first branch voltage and a second power supply branch with a second branch voltage from the marine energy storage system based on the branch voltage; wherein the first branch voltage is less than or equal to the second branch voltage; closing the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch to power on the first power supply branch; after the first power supply branch is powered on, obtaining the bus voltage of the marine energy storage system; generating a voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the bus of the marine energy storage system based on the second branch voltage and the bus voltage; closing the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch with the voltage of the second power supply branch to power on the second power supply branch.

[0185] In this embodiment, after obtaining the branch voltage of each power supply branch in the marine energy storage system, at least the first power supply branch with the first branch voltage and the second power supply branch with the second branch voltage can be determined from the branch voltage. Then, the magnitude of the first branch voltage and the second branch voltage can be determined. If the first branch voltage is less than the second branch voltage, the first power supply branch can be powered on first. After the first branch voltage is powered on, the second power supply branch can be powered on.

[0186] Meanwhile, after the first power supply branch is energized, there is voltage on the busbar of the marine energy storage system. If the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch is directly closed at this time, it may cause the voltage difference between the power supply branches to be too large. Therefore, after the first power supply branch is energized, this application also needs to close the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the busbar of the marine energy storage system to energize the second power supply branch.

[0187] In some embodiments, the charging switch in the second high-voltage box includes a first charging switch 172 and a second charging switch 182. The second high-voltage box 100 is also provided with an equalization switch 191, which is connected in parallel with the first charging switch 172. The process of closing the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch includes: sequentially closing the second charging switch 182 and the equalization switch 191 of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch; closing the first charging switch 172 after a preset second time; and opening the equalization switch 191 after a preset third time.

[0188] In this embodiment, the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 can be the main positive relay and the main negative relay in the second high-voltage box, respectively. To prevent excessive voltage difference during the power-on process of the first power supply branch, the second high-voltage box also includes a balancing switch 191 connected in parallel with the main positive relay. When it is necessary to close the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch, the main negative relay (i.e., the second charging switch 182) can be closed first, followed by the balancing switch 191. After a preset second time, the main positive relay (i.e., the first charging switch 172) is closed, and after a preset third time, the balancing switch 191 is opened, thus completing the power-on of the first power supply branch. The second and third times can be selected according to actual application, and this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0189] In some embodiments, closing the charging switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference includes: if the voltage difference is less than a preset first voltage, sequentially closing the second charging switch 182 and the first charging switch 172 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch; if the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to a preset second voltage, sequentially closing the second charging switch 182 and the equalization switch 191 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch; after a preset fourth time, closing the first charging switch 172, and after a preset fifth time, opening the equalization switch 191; if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, generating a charging protection command for the marine energy storage system.

[0190] Specifically, to prevent excessive voltage difference between the high-voltage power supply branch 10 and the busbar during power-on, this application, after determining the voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the busbar of the ship's energy storage system, can use the equalization circuit 190 of the second high-voltage box 100 in the second power supply branch for equalization. The equalization circuit 190 includes a series-connected equalization switch 191 and an equalization resistor 192.

[0191] In this embodiment, if the voltage difference is less than the first voltage, such as 5V, the second charging switch 182 and the first charging switch 172 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch are closed sequentially; if the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to the second voltage, such as 20V, the second charging switch 182 and the equalization switch 191 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch are closed sequentially; after a preset fourth time, the first charging switch 172 is closed, and after a preset fifth time, the equalization switch 191 is opened; if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, a charging protection command for the marine energy storage system is generated to provide charging protection for the marine energy storage system. The fourth and fifth times can be selected according to actual applications, and this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0192] Another possible scenario is that, after the fourth time period, the voltage difference remains between the first and second voltages. In this case, there may be a fault in the marine energy storage system, and therefore, all power supply branches 10 of the marine energy storage system need to be powered down for charging protection. The fourth time period can be 5 hours.

[0193] S140. If all power supply branches 10 have been powered on, close the charging switch in the first high-voltage box 20 to charge the battery pack 201 in each power supply branch 10 through the first high-voltage box 20.

[0194] Specifically, if the marine energy storage system is a three-level architecture energy storage system, the marine energy storage system has a first high-voltage box 20. After all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the charging switch of the first high-voltage box 20 in the marine energy storage system can be closed to allow the marine energy storage system to enter the charging stage. If the marine energy storage system is a two-level architecture energy storage system, after all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the marine energy storage system does not have a first high-voltage box 20. After all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the marine energy storage system directly enters the charging stage.

[0195] In some embodiments, the charging method for a marine energy storage system further includes: if the marine energy storage system in the charging state is abnormal, obtaining abnormal information of the marine energy storage system; if the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to power down, determining whether to trigger a reduction in the charging current of the marine energy storage system; if a reduction in the charging current of the marine energy storage system is triggered, charging the marine energy storage system using a preset first current.

[0196] Specifically, during the formal charging phase of the marine energy storage system—that is, when both the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 in the second high-voltage box are closed—the battery management system can monitor key parameters of the marine energy storage system, such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, SOH, and internal resistance. When an abnormality is detected in a key parameter of the marine energy storage system, abnormal information can be obtained, and it can be determined whether a situation requiring a halt to charging the marine energy storage system is triggered. If no halt to charging is triggered, for example, if an abnormality occurs in a power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system, the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 containing the battery pack 201 can be disconnected, and the charging current of the marine energy storage system can be adjusted, i.e., charging can continue for other power supply branches 10 that are not experiencing abnormalities. When adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system, a first current can be determined based on the number of power supply branches 10 in the energy storage system and the number of abnormal power supply branches 10, and the marine energy storage system can be charged based on this first current.

[0197] In addition, during the charging process of the marine energy storage system, the battery pack 201 may experience a low temperature due to the low water temperature in the area where the ship is located, which may cause the marine energy storage system to malfunction. In this case, it is not necessary to disconnect the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located; the charging current of the marine energy storage system can be reduced.

[0198] In some embodiments, the charging method for a marine energy storage system further includes: when the marine energy storage system is in a charging state, acquiring the individual cell voltage of the battery cells in the battery pack 201; if the individual cell voltage is greater than or equal to a preset third voltage, adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system to a preset second current; after a preset sixth time, adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system to a preset third current; wherein the third current is less than the second current; after a preset seventh time, adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system to a preset fourth current; wherein the fourth current is less than the third current.

[0199] Specifically, to avoid excessive voltage differences between the terminals of each power supply branch 10 after the marine energy storage system has completed charging, the charging current can be reduced at least once at the charging terminal of the marine energy storage system. Here, "charging terminal" can be understood as the marine energy storage system reaching a State of Harmony (SOH) of 80% or higher, and also as the individual cell voltage of the battery cells in the marine energy storage system not being less than a preset third voltage, such as 3.48V. It should be noted that the specific values ​​for the charging terminal can be selected based on the actual application, and this application does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0200] In this embodiment, if the voltage of a single cell is greater than or equal to a preset third voltage, the charging current of the battery pack 201 is reduced to the second current, and after a sixth time, the charging current of the marine energy storage system is reduced from the second current to the third current, and then after a seventh time, the charging current of the marine energy storage system is reduced from the third current to the fourth current, thereby avoiding excessive voltage difference between the end voltages of each power supply branch 10.

[0201] In some embodiments, after adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system to a preset fourth current, the method further includes: if the individual cell voltage is greater than or equal to the preset fourth voltage, generating a stop charging command for the marine energy storage system; wherein the fourth voltage is greater than the third voltage; after a preset eighth time, acquiring the loop current of the marine energy storage system; if the loop current is less than or equal to a preset fifth current, powering down the marine energy storage system; if the loop current is greater than the fifth current, generating charging fault information for the marine energy storage system.

[0202] Specifically, after repeatedly reducing the charging current of the marine energy storage system, when the individual cell voltage is greater than or equal to a preset fourth voltage (e.g., 3.5V), it can be determined that the corresponding battery pack 201 has completed charging and its SOC is calibrated to 100%. Simultaneously, a stop-charging command for the marine energy storage system is generated. Then, after a preset eighth time interval, the loop current of the marine energy storage system is acquired, and it is determined whether the loop current is less than or equal to a preset fifth current (e.g., 5A). If the loop current is less than or equal to the fifth current, the charging switch in the first high-voltage box 20 (e.g., an isolating switch) can be disconnected first, followed by the charging switch in the second high-voltage box. If the loop current is greater than the fifth current, it can be determined that a fault has occurred in the power supply branch 10. In this case, charging protection for the marine energy storage system is required, and charging fault information for the energy storage system is generated. The eighth time interval can be 5 seconds.

[0203] In addition, if the ship's management system sends a stop charging command to the battery management system at any time during the charging process, the battery management system can control the marine energy storage system to stop charging.

[0204] The charging method for a marine energy storage system provided in this application, upon receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system, determines the power-on strategy for each power supply branch 10 by acquiring the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10, thereby ensuring voltage consistency during the charging phase of each power supply branch 10. This avoids poor voltage consistency among the power supply branches 10 after the marine energy storage system has completed charging, and greatly improves the reliability and safety of the marine energy storage system.

[0205] Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic flowchart of the charging method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application. As shown in Figure 11, the method includes steps S210 to S220.

[0206] S210. If a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system is received, obtain the charging information of the marine energy storage system.

[0207] S220: Determine whether there are separate charging and discharging interfaces 160 and 160 based on the charging information.

[0208] In this embodiment, the charging command is an instruction requesting charging of the marine energy storage system. The charging command can be issued by the ship management system, automated manifest system, planned maintenance system, ship energy management system, etc., to the battery management system of the marine energy storage system. The charging information is the configuration information of the marine energy storage system.

[0209] Specifically, since the charging and discharging interfaces of marine energy storage systems can be either the same or different charging and discharging interfaces (where the latter refers to two independent charging interfaces 160 and 150), the battery management system (BMS) needs to determine whether separate charging and discharging interfaces 160 and 150 exist after receiving a charging command for the marine energy storage system. If separate charging and discharging interfaces 160 and 150 exist, a strategy using different charging and discharging interfaces can be used to charge the marine energy storage system; otherwise, a strategy using the same charging and discharging interface can be used.

[0210] Among them, "different charging and discharging ports" means that the marine energy storage system includes separate charging ports 160 and discharging ports 150, while "same charging and discharging ports" means that the charging ports 160 and discharging ports 150 of the marine energy storage system are integrated into one interface.

[0211] In some embodiments, before determining whether there are separate charging and discharging interfaces based on the charging information, the method further includes: if the charging information contains preset first information, determining whether the communication connection between the charging and discharging interface and the charging pile is successful; if the communication connection between the charging and discharging interface and the charging pile is successful, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information of the marine energy storage system.

[0212] Specifically, the first piece of information can be a charging connection confirmation signal. Since marine energy storage systems may use charging stations for charging, the battery management system (BMS), upon receiving a charging command for the marine energy storage system, must first confirm whether a charging station is being used. If a charging station is being used, it needs to determine whether it has received a charging connection confirmation signal (the first piece of information) sent from the charging / discharging interface to the BMS. If the charging connection confirmation signal from the charging station is received, it can be determined whether the communication connection between the charging / discharging interface and the charging station is successful. At this point, the BMS can run a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there are any faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0213] The charging connection confirmation signal can be a CC2 signal. After the charging pile is electrically connected to the charging interface 160 on the second high-voltage box 100 of the marine energy storage system, the battery management system of the marine energy storage system can detect the CC2 signal and be woken up. After being woken up by the CC2 signal, the battery management system can run a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system and obtain information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0214] In some embodiments, before determining whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150 based on the charging information, the method further includes: if there is preset second information in the charging information, determining whether the charging command is valid; if the charging command is valid, determining whether the communication connection with the ship management system is successful; if the communication connection with the ship management system is successful, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information.

[0215] In this embodiment, the second information is the absence of a charging connection confirmation signal in the charging information. When the battery management system does not detect a charging connection signal, meaning the second information is present in the charging information, it can be confirmed that the marine energy storage system is not using a charging pile for charging, but rather a charger. Therefore, after not detecting a charging connection signal, the battery management system needs to verify the validity of the charging command sent by the ship management system to the battery management system. If the charging command is valid, the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to perform fault detection on the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system. If the charging command is invalid, charging protection needs to be implemented for the marine energy storage system, and a charging failure alarm message needs to be generated.

[0216] Meanwhile, before the battery management system runs the self-test program, if the charging and discharging interface of the second high-voltage box 100 is not electrically connected to the charging pile, but is electrically connected to the charging device, it is necessary to further determine whether the battery management system and the ship management system have successfully communicated. If the communication connection is successful, the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0217] In some embodiments, before determining whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150 based on the charging information, the method further includes: if there is preset third information in the charging information, determining whether the current at the charging interface flows from the charging interface to the battery pack 201; if the current at the charging interface flows from the charging interface to the battery pack 201, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information.

[0218] In this embodiment, the third information can be the second information, that is, the third information is that there is no charging connection confirmation signal in the charging information. After the battery management system does not detect the charging connection signal, it can also determine whether the marine energy storage system needs to be charged by determining whether the current at the charging and discharging interface flows from the charging and discharging interface to the battery pack 201, that is, by determining the direction of the current at the charging and discharging interface. If the current at the charging and discharging interface flows from the charging and discharging interface to the battery pack 201, it can be determined that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged. Then the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to perform fault detection on the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0219] Meanwhile, this application can also determine whether the current at the charging / discharging interface flows to the battery pack 201 after the charging command is invalid. If the current at the charging / discharging interface flows to the battery pack 201, it can be determined that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged. Then the battery management system is woken up and runs a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0220] In some embodiments, before performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system and obtaining fault detection information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: obtaining the current temperature of the battery pack 201.

[0221] Specifically, after the battery management system determines that the marine energy storage system needs to be charged, the battery temperature in the marine energy storage system may be low due to the aquatic environment in which the ship is located. If the self-test program is run directly to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, a fault may be displayed due to the low battery temperature. Therefore, after determining that the marine energy storage system needs charging, the battery management system first needs to obtain the current temperature of the battery pack 201 in the marine energy storage system and determine whether the current temperature of the battery pack 201 meets the charging requirements, that is, the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than a first temperature and not higher than a second temperature. At this time, the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system. If the current temperature of the battery pack 201 does not meet the charging requirements, that is, the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is lower than the first temperature, the battery pack 201 needs to be heated so that the temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than the first temperature and not higher than the second temperature. If the current temperature of the battery pack 201 is higher than the second temperature, the battery pack 201 needs to be cooled down until the temperature of the battery pack 201 is not lower than the first temperature and not higher than the second temperature before the self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system.

[0222] The first temperature can be the critical temperature at which the marine energy storage system needs to be heated, and the second temperature can be the critical temperature at which the marine energy storage system needs to be cooled. The setting of the first and second temperatures can be determined based on the battery pack 201 itself, and this application does not make specific limitations here.

[0223] In some embodiments, after obtaining the current temperature of the battery pack 201, the method further includes: if the current temperature is lower than a first temperature, generating a heating command to heat the battery pack 201; and after a preset first time, detecting the temperature of the battery pack 201 again to determine whether there is a heating fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0224] In this embodiment, when the current temperature of the battery pack 201 in the marine energy storage system is lower than the first temperature, it can be determined that the temperature of the battery pack 201 is too low. At this time, the battery management system generates a heating command to heat the battery pack 201. Devices configured in the marine energy storage system to heat the battery pack 201, such as closing a heating relay, are used to heat the battery pack 201. After a preset first time, the temperature of the battery pack 201 is detected. If the temperature of the battery pack 201 is between the first and second temperatures, the heating relay can be disconnected, and a self-test program can be run to detect faults in the marine energy storage system. If the temperature of the battery pack 201 still does not reach the first temperature, it can be determined that a heating fault has occurred in the marine energy storage system. At this time, it is also necessary to disconnect the heating relay and perform charging protection on the marine energy storage system, while generating a charging failure alarm message.

[0225] S230. If the charging and discharging interface has a separate charging interface 160 and a discharging interface 150, obtain the on / off information of the discharging switch corresponding to the discharging interface 150.

[0226] In this embodiment, after determining whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and 150, the charging device electrically connected to the charging interfaces may be located on the ship, where the ship's energy storage system may still be supplying power to the ship. Therefore, after determining whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and 150, this application also needs to obtain the on / off information of the discharge switch corresponding to the discharge interface 150 to determine whether the ship's energy storage system is still supplying power to the ship. If the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is closed, the discharge switch needs to be opened, and then the charging switch corresponding to the discharge interface 150 needs to be closed to supply power to the ship's energy storage system.

[0227] S240. If the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is in the closed state, disconnect the discharge switch.

[0228] In this embodiment, the discharge switch can be the first discharge switch 171 of the first switching circuit 170 and the second discharge switch 181 of the second switching circuit 180 in the second high-voltage box 100. Specifically, if the on / off information shows that the first discharge switch 171 and the second discharge switch 181 are in the closed state, then the first discharge switch 171 and the second discharge switch 181 need to be disconnected in sequence to ensure that the marine power distribution system and the marine energy storage system are in the disconnected state.

[0229] S250: Close the charging switch corresponding to the charging interface 160 and charge the battery pack 201 in the power supply branch 10 where the charging switch is located.

[0230] Specifically, after the marine energy storage system and the marine power distribution system are disconnected, the charging switch in the second high-voltage box 100 can be closed to charge the power supply branch 10 where the charging switch is located. The charging switch can be the first charging switch 172 of the first switching circuit 170 and the second charging switch 182 of the second switching circuit 180 in the second high-voltage box 100.

[0231] Specifically, after the marine energy storage system and the marine power distribution system are disconnected, the second charging switch 182 and the first charging switch 172 can be closed in sequence.

[0232] In some embodiments, charging the battery pack 201 in the power supply branch 10 where the charging switch is located includes: if an abnormality is detected in the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located, disconnecting the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located; determining the number of branches of the power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system that are not abnormal, and adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system according to the number of branches to charge the power supply branch 10 that are not abnormal.

[0233] Specifically, during the formal charging phase of the marine energy storage system, i.e., when both the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 in the second high-voltage box 100 are closed, the battery management system can monitor key parameters of the marine energy storage system, such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, SOH, and internal resistance. If an abnormality is detected in a key parameter of the marine energy storage system, it can be pre-determined whether a situation requiring the cessation of charging can be triggered. If no such situation is triggered, for example, if an abnormality occurs in a power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system, the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 containing the battery pack 201 can be disconnected, and the charging current of the marine energy storage system can be adjusted, allowing charging to continue for other power supply branches 10 that are not experiencing abnormalities.

[0234] When adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system, the number of power supply branches 10 in the energy storage system that have not experienced any abnormalities can be used to determine the current.

[0235] In some embodiments, after detecting an abnormality in the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located, the method further includes: determining whether to trigger the disconnection of the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located; if the disconnection of the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is not triggered, determining whether to trigger the reduction of the charging current of the power supply branch where the battery pack 201 is located; if the reduction of the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is triggered, adjusting the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located to charge the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located.

[0236] Specifically, during the charging process of the marine energy storage system, the battery pack 201 may experience a low temperature during charging due to the low water temperature in the area where the ship is located, which may cause an abnormality in the power supply branch 10. In this case, it is not necessary to disconnect the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located; the charging current of the power supply branch 10 can be reduced.

[0237] Therefore, when an abnormality is detected in the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located, it can be first determined whether the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is disconnected. If the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is not disconnected, it can be determined whether the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is reduced. If the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is reduced, the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located is adjusted to charge the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located.

[0238] When adjusting the charging current of the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located, the charging current can be adjusted to half of the normal charging current.

[0239] In some embodiments, charging the battery pack 201 in the power supply branch 10 where the charging switch is located includes: if there is a cell voltage in the battery pack 201 that is greater than or equal to a preset first voltage, adjusting the charging current of the battery pack 201 to a preset first current; after a preset second time, adjusting the charging current of the battery pack 201 to a preset second current; wherein the second current is less than or equal to the first current; after a preset third time, adjusting the charging current of the battery pack 201 to a preset third current; wherein the third current is less than or equal to the second current.

[0240] Specifically, to avoid excessive voltage differences between the terminals of each power supply branch 10 after the marine energy storage system has finished charging, the charging current can be reduced at least once at the charging terminal of the marine energy storage system. The charging terminal can be understood as the marine energy storage system reaching a state of equilibrium (SOH) of 80% or higher, and also as the voltage of a single battery cell in the marine energy storage system not being less than a preset first voltage, such as 3.48V.

[0241] It should be noted that the specific values ​​at the charging end can be selected according to the actual application, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions here.

[0242] In this embodiment, if there is a cell voltage in the battery pack 201 that is greater than or equal to a preset first voltage, the charging current of the battery pack 201 is reduced to a first current, and after a second time, the charging current of the battery pack 201 is reduced from the first current to a second current, and then after a third time, the charging current of the battery pack 201 is reduced from the second current to a third current, thereby avoiding excessive voltage difference between the end voltages of each power supply branch 10.

[0243] In some embodiments, after adjusting the charging current of the battery pack 201 to a preset third current, the method further includes: if the voltage of all cells in the battery pack 201 is greater than or equal to a preset second voltage, generating a stop charging command for the battery pack 201 and acquiring the loop current of the battery pack 201; wherein the second voltage is greater than the first voltage; acquiring the loop current of the battery pack 201 after a preset fourth time; if the loop current is less than or equal to a preset fourth current, disconnecting the charging switch in the second high-voltage box 100 where the battery pack 201 is located; if the loop current is greater than the fourth current, determining that there is a charging fault in the marine energy storage system.

[0244] Specifically, after repeatedly reducing the charging current of the marine energy storage system, when the voltage of a single cell in the battery pack 201 is greater than or equal to a preset second voltage, such as 3.5V, it can be determined that the corresponding battery pack 201 has completed charging and its SOC is calibrated to 100%. Simultaneously, a stop charging command for the battery pack 201 is generated. Then, after a preset fourth time interval, the loop current of the battery pack 201 is obtained from the power supply branch 10 where the battery pack 201 is located, and it is determined whether the loop current is less than or equal to a preset fourth current, such as 5A. If the loop current is less than or equal to the fourth current, the first charging switch 172 and the second charging switch 182 in the second high-voltage box 100 can be disconnected sequentially. If the loop current is greater than the fourth current, it can be determined that the power supply branch 10 has a fault. In this case, charging protection for the marine energy storage system needs to be implemented, and a charging failure alarm message is generated. The fourth time interval can be 5 seconds.

[0245] In addition, if the ship's management system sends a stop charging command to the battery management system at any time during the charging process, the battery management system can then control the marine energy storage system to continue charging.

[0246] The charging method for a marine energy storage system provided in this application, upon receiving a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system, acquires the charging information of the marine energy storage system to determine whether there are separate charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150. If charging interfaces 160 and discharging interfaces 150 exist, the method acquires the on / off information of the discharge switch corresponding to the discharge interface 150. If the on / off information shows that the discharge switch is closed, the method opens the discharge switch and closes the charging switch corresponding to the discharge interface 150 to supply power to the marine energy storage system. This allows for flexible adjustment of the charging strategy of the marine energy storage system after changes in the charging and discharging interfaces, greatly improving the reliability of the marine energy storage system.

[0247] Please refer to Figure 12, which is a schematic flowchart of the discharge method for the marine energy storage system provided in this application. As shown in Figure 12, the method includes steps S310 to S330.

[0248] S310. If the marine energy storage system is in a state of discharge and malfunctions, obtain the malfunction information of the marine energy storage system.

[0249] During the formal discharge phase of a marine energy storage system, the battery management system can monitor key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, SOH, and internal resistance. When an anomaly is detected in a key parameter, the system's anomaly information can be obtained, and it can be determined whether a situation requiring the system to stop discharging should be triggered. If no such situation is triggered, for example, if an anomaly occurs in a power supply branch 10, the main circuit of the power supply branch 10 containing the battery pack 201 can be disconnected, and the discharge current of the system can be adjusted. This allows other power supply branches 10 that are not experiencing anomalies to continue discharging, thus supplying power to the ship. The adjustment of the discharge current can be determined based on the number of power supply branches 10 in the energy storage system and the number of abnormal power supply branches 10.

[0250] S320. If the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to power down, determine whether to trigger a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system.

[0251] Specifically, during the discharge process of the marine energy storage system, the battery pack 201 of the marine energy storage system may malfunction due to a low SOC. However, if the environment of the area where the ship is located is relatively harsh and the marine energy storage system needs to provide power in order to leave the area as soon as possible, it is not necessary to trigger the marine energy storage system to shut down. This can be achieved by either reducing the discharge current of the marine energy storage system or not reducing the discharge current of the marine energy storage system.

[0252] S330. If the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is reduced, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted from a preset first current to a preset second current; wherein the first current is greater than or equal to the second current.

[0253] Specifically, when the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to power down, it can first be determined whether it triggers a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system. If it does, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted from a preset first current to a preset second current. If it does not trigger a reduction in the discharge current, the marine energy storage system can be controlled to discharge using the first current to provide normal power to the ship. The first current can be the normal discharge current of the marine energy storage system, and the second current can be half of the first current.

[0254] In some embodiments, the marine energy storage system includes multiple power supply branches 10 and a first high-voltage box 20. The multiple power supply branches 10 are connected in parallel. Each power supply branch 10 includes at least one battery pack 201 and a second high-voltage box. The first high-voltage box 20 is provided with a charging and discharging interface and is electrically connected to the second high-voltage box.

[0255] After obtaining abnormal information from the marine energy storage system, the process also includes: if the abnormal information triggers the marine energy storage system to shut down, generating a stop discharge command for the marine energy storage system; after a preset first time, disconnecting the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20, and after a preset second time, disconnecting the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box.

[0256] In this embodiment, the battery management system generates a stop discharge command for the marine energy storage system to control the marine energy storage system to stop discharging. After a first time, it acquires the discharge current of the marine energy storage system and determines whether the discharge current is less than a preset current. If it is less than the preset current, the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20 can be disconnected. After a preset second time, the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box can be disconnected.

[0257] In some embodiments, after triggering a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: the battery management system generating an adjustment instruction for the discharge current of the marine energy storage system and sending the adjustment instruction to the ship management system to determine whether it is necessary to reduce the discharge current of the marine energy storage system; if the battery management system receives a response instruction from the ship management system to stop reducing the discharge current of the marine energy storage system, the battery management system stops reducing the discharge current of the marine energy storage system.

[0258] Specifically, since ships may be in relatively harsh environments, although the battery management system detects an anomaly in a power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system, in order to avoid being unable to leave the area, the battery management system needs to send an adjustment command to the ship management system. After receiving the adjustment command, the ship management system can determine whether the marine energy storage system needs to use the first current to discharge based on the current environment of the ship.

[0259] In this embodiment, if the response command sent by the ship management system requires the marine energy storage system to provide full power, the battery management system can stop adjusting the discharge current of the marine energy storage system according to the response command to ensure that the ship can move forward at full speed; if the response command sent by the ship management system does not require the marine energy storage system to provide full power, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system can be adjusted to supply power to the ship.

[0260] In some embodiments, after determining whether to trigger a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system, if the reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is not triggered, the marine energy storage system is controlled to discharge using a first current.

[0261] In some embodiments, after generating a stop discharge command for the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: the battery management system sending the stop discharge command to the ship management system to determine whether it is necessary to stop the discharge of the marine energy storage system; if the battery management system receives a response command from the ship management system to maintain the marine energy storage system continuing to discharge with a first current, the battery management system controls the marine energy storage system to discharge with the first current.

[0262] In this embodiment, the ship may be in a relatively harsh environment. Although the battery management system detects an anomaly in the marine energy storage system, regardless of whether the anomaly triggers a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system or whether the battery management system detects that the marine energy storage system needs to be stopped, in order to avoid being unable to leave the area, the marine energy storage system still needs to provide the first current to ensure that the ship can move forward at full speed.

[0263] In some embodiments, the marine energy storage system includes at least one power supply branch 10. Before the marine energy storage system malfunctions while in a discharged state, the system further includes: if the battery management system of the marine energy storage system receives a wake-up command sent by the ship management system, determining whether the wake-up command is valid; if the wake-up command is valid, performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information; if the fault detection information is a preset first information, energizing the power supply branch 10 to supply power to the ship using the power supply branch 10.

[0264] In this embodiment, the discharge of the energy storage system can be controlled by the battery management system of the marine energy storage system. When the ship management system sends a command to the battery management system requesting the marine energy storage system to discharge (i.e., a wake-up command), the battery management system can pre-determine whether the command is valid. If valid, the battery management system runs a self-test program to detect faults in the marine energy storage system, thereby obtaining information on whether there is a fault in the marine energy storage system; if invalid, the battery management system remains in a dormant state.

[0265] The self-test of the battery management system (BMS) is a crucial step in ensuring the normal operation and safety of marine energy storage systems. The BMS first checks the voltage and temperature of individual battery cells to ensure each cell is within its normal operating range. Simultaneously, the BMS also monitors the total voltage, total current, and insulation condition of the battery pack.

[0266] In addition, the battery management system's self-test process also includes testing the system's internal communication lines and memory to ensure that data transmission and storage functions are normal.

[0267] In some embodiments, the first information indicates that there is no fault in the marine energy storage system. In this case, it is necessary to power up the power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system. After all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are powered up, the marine energy storage system can be used to supply power to the ship.

[0268] In some embodiments, the marine energy storage system includes multiple power supply branches 10 and a first high-voltage box 20. The multiple power supply branches 10 are connected in parallel. Each power supply branch 10 includes at least one battery pack 201 and a second high-voltage box. The first high-voltage box 20 is provided with a charging and discharging interface and is electrically connected to the second high-voltage box.

[0269] In some embodiments, energizing the power supply branch 10 to supply power to the ship includes: acquiring the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10; determining the energizing strategy of the power supply branch 10 based on the branch voltage, and closing the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box according to the energizing strategy to energize the power supply branch 10; and if all power supply branches 10 are energized, closing the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20 to supply power to the ship through the charging and discharging interface.

[0270] In this embodiment, the battery management system can obtain the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system, and then sort each power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system from low to high voltage, and perform power-on equalization from low to high voltage in sequence, thereby avoiding poor voltage consistency of each power supply branch 10 during the discharge process.

[0271] The power-on strategy is a rule information for powering on each power supply branch 10 of the marine energy storage system before the marine energy storage system discharges.

[0272] For example, when there are multiple parallel power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system, in order to ensure the consistency of the discharge voltage of each power supply branch 10, the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage can be energized first. After the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage is energized, the other power supply branches 10 can be energized in sequence. When there are two power supply branches 10 in the energy storage system, the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage can be energized first. After the power supply branch 10 with the lower voltage is energized, the other power supply branch 10 can be energized.

[0273] Meanwhile, if the marine energy storage system is a three-level architecture energy storage system, the marine energy storage system has a first high-voltage box 20. After all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the charge / discharge switch of the first high-voltage box 20 in the marine energy storage system can be closed to allow the marine energy storage system to enter the discharge stage. If the marine energy storage system is a two-level architecture energy storage system, after all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the marine energy storage system does not have a first high-voltage box 20. After all the power supply branches 10 in the marine energy storage system are energized, the marine energy storage system directly enters the discharge stage.

[0274] In some embodiments, the multiple power supply branches include a first power supply branch and a second power supply branch; determining the power-on strategy of the power supply branch 10 based on the branch voltage, and closing the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box according to the power-on strategy to power up the power supply branch 10, includes: determining a first power supply branch with a first branch voltage and a second power supply branch with a second branch voltage from the marine energy storage system based on the branch voltage; wherein the first branch voltage is less than or equal to the second branch voltage; closing the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch to power up the first power supply branch; after the first power supply branch is powered up, obtaining the bus voltage of the marine energy storage system; generating a voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the bus of the marine energy storage system based on the second branch voltage and the bus voltage; closing the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch to power up the second power supply branch based on the voltage difference.

[0275] In this embodiment, after obtaining the branch voltage of each power supply branch 10 in the marine energy storage system, at least the first power supply branch with the first branch voltage and the second power supply branch with the second branch voltage can be determined from the branch voltage. Then, the magnitude of the first branch voltage and the second branch voltage can be determined. If the first branch voltage is less than the second branch voltage, the first power supply branch can be powered on first. After the first branch voltage is powered on, the second power supply branch can be powered on.

[0276] Meanwhile, after the first power supply branch is energized, there is voltage on the busbar of the marine energy storage system. If the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch is closed directly at this time, it may cause the voltage difference between the power supply branches to be too large. Therefore, after the first power supply branch is energized, this application also needs to close the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the busbar of the marine energy storage system to energize the second power supply branch.

[0277] In some embodiments, the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box includes a first discharge switch 171 and a second discharge switch 181. The second high-voltage box is also provided with an equalization switch 191, which is connected in parallel with the first discharge switch 171.

[0278] To power up the first power supply branch, the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch is closed, including: sequentially closing the second discharge switch 181 and the equalization switch 191; after a preset third time, closing the first discharge switch 171; and after a preset fourth time, opening the equalization switch 191.

[0279] In this embodiment, the first discharge switch 171 and the second discharge switch 181 can be the main positive relay and the main negative relay in the second high-voltage box, respectively. To prevent excessive voltage difference during the power-on process of the first power supply branch, the second high-voltage box is also equipped with a balancing switch 191 connected in parallel with the main positive relay. When it is necessary to close the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the first power supply branch, the main negative relay (i.e., the second discharge switch 181) can be closed first, followed by the balancing switch 191. After a preset third time, the main positive relay (i.e., the first discharge switch 171) is closed, and after a preset fourth time, the balancing switch 191 is opened, thus completing the power-on of the first power supply branch.

[0280] The third and fourth time periods can be selected based on the actual application, and this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0281] In some embodiments, closing the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference includes: if the voltage difference is less than a preset first voltage, closing the second discharge switch 181 and the first discharge switch 171 in sequence; if the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to a preset second voltage, closing the second discharge switch 181 and the equalization switch 191 in sequence; after a preset fifth time, closing the first discharge switch 171, and after a preset sixth time, opening the equalization switch 191; if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, generating a discharge protection command for the marine energy storage system.

[0282] Specifically, in order to avoid the voltage difference between the high-voltage power supply branch 10 and the busbar being too large during the power-on process, this application can balance the voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the busbar of the ship energy storage system through the balancing circuit 190 of the second high-voltage box 100 in the second power supply branch after determining the voltage difference between the second power supply branch and the busbar of the ship energy storage system.

[0283] The equalization circuit 190 includes an equalization switch 191 and an equalization resistor 192 connected in series.

[0284] In this embodiment, if the voltage difference is less than the first voltage, such as 5V, the second discharge switch 181 and the first discharge switch 171 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch are closed in sequence; if the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to the second voltage, such as 20V, the second discharge switch 181 and the equalization switch 191 of the second high-voltage box in the second power supply branch are closed in sequence; after a preset fifth time, the first discharge switch 171 is closed, and after a preset sixth time, the equalization switch 191 is opened; if the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, a discharge protection command for the marine energy storage system is generated to discharge and protect the marine energy storage system.

[0285] The fifth and sixth time periods can be selected based on actual application, and this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0286] Another possible scenario is that after the fifth time interval, the voltage difference remains between the first and second voltages. In this case, there may be a fault in the marine energy storage system. Therefore, it is necessary to power down all power supply branches 10 of the marine energy storage system for discharge protection.

[0287] The fifth time can be 5 hours.

[0288] In some embodiments, the first high-voltage box 20 is further provided with a pre-charging circuit 400, which includes a pre-charging switch 410 and a pre-charging resistor 420. The discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20 includes a first switch and a second switch.

[0289] In some embodiments, closing the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20 includes: sequentially closing the second switch and the pre-charge switch 410 in the first high-voltage box 20, and after a preset seventh time, determining whether the voltage difference across the first high-voltage box 20 is less than or equal to a preset third voltage. If it is less than, the pre-charge is completed. At this time, the first switch 310 can be closed, and after a preset eighth time, the pre-charge switch 410 is disconnected.

[0290] Among them, the seventh time can be 5 hours, the eighth time can be 2 seconds, the first switch 310 can be the main positive relay in the first high-voltage box 20, the second switch can be the main negative relay in the first high-voltage box 20, and the precharge switch 410 can be a relay.

[0291] In addition, if the voltage difference across the first high-voltage box 20 is still greater than the first voltage after the preset seventh time, the precharge switch 410 needs to be disconnected first, and then the second switch needs to be disconnected to provide power-off protection for the marine energy storage system.

[0292] In some embodiments, after closing the charge / discharge switch in the first high-voltage box 20 to supply power to the ship through the charge / discharge interface, the method further includes: if the battery management system of the marine energy storage system receives a power-down command sent by the marine energy storage system, obtaining the discharge current of the marine energy storage system; if the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is greater than a preset third current, obtaining feedback information from the emergency stop button of the marine energy storage system; if the feedback information is a preset second information, controlling the marine energy storage system to discharge using a first current.

[0293] Specifically, if the battery management system receives a command from the ship management system to stop the ship's energy storage system from discharging, it can obtain the discharge current of the ship's energy storage system and determine whether the discharge current of the ship's energy storage system is not greater than the third current. If it is not greater than the third current, the first switch 310 and the second switch in the first high-voltage box 20 are disconnected in sequence, and then the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box is disconnected in sequence. If it is greater than the third current, the emergency stop button can be manually operated to shut down the ship's energy storage system in an emergency.

[0294] In some embodiments, before manually operating the emergency stop button, it is necessary to determine whether manual operation of the emergency stop button is required. If manual operation of the emergency stop button is not required, the marine energy storage system continues to discharge with the first current. If manual operation of the emergency stop button is required, feedback information from the emergency stop button is obtained after manual operation to determine whether the marine energy storage system is powered down. If the marine energy storage system is not powered down, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system can be reduced, or the discharge current of the marine energy storage system can not be reduced. If a power-down protection fault is triggered, a command to reduce the discharge current of the marine energy storage system can be sent to the ship management system, so that the ship management system can determine whether to reduce the discharge current of the marine energy storage system through its response command.

[0295] The discharge method for a marine energy storage system provided in this application involves obtaining abnormal information about the marine energy storage system if the system malfunctions during discharge. If the abnormal information does not trigger the system to shut down, the method determines whether to reduce the discharge current of the system. If the reduction is triggered, the discharge current is adjusted from a first current to a second current. This method avoids the entire ship losing power due to a failure in a battery cluster within the marine energy storage system, thus greatly improving the reliability of the marine energy storage system's discharge.

Claims

1. A marine energy storage system, comprising at least one power supply branch (10), said power supply branch (10) comprising: The second high-voltage box (100) is provided with a first interface (110) and a second interface (120). The energy storage device (200) is provided with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal, wherein the battery positive terminal is electrically connected to the first interface (110) and the battery negative terminal is electrically connected to the second interface (120). The second high-voltage box (100) is also provided with a charging interface (160) and a discharging interface (150). The charging interface (160) is electrically connected to the charging and discharging device, and the discharging interface (150) is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

2. The marine energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein, The second high-voltage box (100) includes a first switching circuit (170) and a second switching circuit (180). The charging interface (160) includes a charging positive terminal (161) and a charging negative terminal (162). The discharging interface (150) includes a discharging positive terminal (151) and a discharging negative terminal (152). One end of the first switch circuit (170) is electrically connected to the first interface (110), and the other end of the first switch circuit (170) is electrically connected to the charging positive terminal (161) and the discharging positive terminal (151), respectively; one end of the second switch circuit (180) is electrically connected to the second interface (120), and the other end of the second switch circuit (180) is electrically connected to the charging negative terminal (162) and the discharging negative terminal (152), respectively.

3. The marine energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein, The first switching circuit (170) includes a first discharge switch (171) and a first charging switch (172). One end of the first discharge switch (171) and one end of the first charging switch (172) are electrically connected to the first interface (110), the other end of the first discharge switch (171) is electrically connected to the discharge positive electrode (151), and the other end of the first charging switch (172) is electrically connected to the charging positive electrode (161).

4. The marine energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein, Both the first discharge switch (171) and the first charging switch (172) are relays.

5. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein, The second switching circuit (180) includes a second discharge switch (181) and a second charging switch (182). One end of the second discharge switch (181) and one end of the second charging switch (182) are electrically connected to the second interface (120), the other end of the second discharge switch (181) is electrically connected to the discharge negative electrode (152), and the other end of the second charging switch (182) is electrically connected to the charging negative electrode (162).

6. The marine energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein, Both the second discharge switch (181) and the second charging switch (182) are relays.

7. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein, The second high-voltage box (100) also includes an equalization circuit (190); One end of the equalization circuit (190) is electrically connected to the first interface (110), and the other end of the equalization circuit (190) is electrically connected to the discharge positive electrode (151) and / or the charging positive electrode (161).

8. The marine energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein, The equalization circuit (190) includes an equalization switch (191) and an equalization resistor (192). One end of the equalization switch (191) is electrically connected to the first interface (110), the other end of the equalization switch (191) is electrically connected to one end of the equalization resistor (192), and the other end of the equalization resistor (192) is electrically connected to the discharge positive electrode (151).

9. The marine energy storage system according to claim 8, wherein, The equalization switch (191) is a relay.

10. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The energy storage device (200) and the second high-voltage box (100) communicate via a communication interface; or / and, The charging and discharging device is a charger or a charging pile; or / and, The discharge interface (150) is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system, which includes a DC / AC converter, an energy storage converter, or a DC power distribution board.

11. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The energy storage device (200) includes a plurality of battery packs (201), which are connected in series to form the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery; or, the plurality of battery packs (201) are connected in parallel to form the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery.

12. A marine energy storage system, comprising at least one power supply branch (10) and a first high-voltage box (20); said power supply branch (10) comprising: The energy storage device (200) is equipped with a battery positive terminal and a battery negative terminal; The second high-voltage box (100) is provided with a first interface (110), a second interface (120), a third interface (130) and a fourth interface (140). The first interface (110) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second interface (120) is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first high-voltage box (20) includes a third switch circuit (300), the first end of which is electrically connected to the third interface (130), the second end of which is electrically connected to the fourth interface (140), and both the third and fourth ends of which are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

13. The marine energy storage system according to claim 12, wherein, The third switching circuit (300) includes a first switch (310) and a second switch (320); Wherein, one end of the first switch (310) is electrically connected to the third interface (130), and the other end of the first switch (310) is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system; one end of the second switch (320) is electrically connected to the fourth interface (140), and the other end of the second switch (320) is electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

14. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 12-13, wherein, The third switching circuit (300) includes an isolating switch; The first end of the disconnect switch is electrically connected to the third interface (130), the second end of the disconnect switch is electrically connected to the fourth interface (140), and both the third and fourth ends of the disconnect switch are electrically connected to the marine power distribution system.

15. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein, The first high-voltage box (20) also includes a pre-charging circuit (400); One end of the pre-charging circuit (400) is electrically connected to the first end of the third interface (130) and the third switching circuit (300), respectively, and the other end of the pre-charging circuit (400) is electrically connected to the second end of the marine power distribution system and the third switching circuit (300).

16. The marine energy storage system according to claim 15, wherein, The pre-charging circuit (400) includes a pre-charging switch (410) and a pre-charging resistor (420). One end of the precharge switch (410) is electrically connected to the first end of the third interface (130) and the third switch circuit (300), respectively. The other end of the precharge switch (410) is electrically connected to one end of the precharge resistor (420), and the other end of the precharge resistor (420) is electrically connected to the second end of the marine power distribution system and the third switch circuit (300), respectively.

17. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 12-16, wherein, The second high-voltage box (100) includes a fourth switching circuit (500); Wherein, the first end of the fourth switch circuit (500) is electrically connected to the first interface (110), the second end of the fourth switch circuit (500) is electrically connected to the second interface (120), the third end of the fourth switch circuit (500) is electrically connected to the third interface (130), and the fourth end of the fourth switch circuit (500) is electrically connected to the fourth interface (140).

18. The marine energy storage system according to claim 17, wherein, The fourth switching circuit (500) includes a third switch (510) and a fourth switch (520); Wherein, one end of the third switch (510) is electrically connected to the first interface (110), and the other end of the third switch (510) is electrically connected to the third interface (130); one end of the fourth switch (520) is electrically connected to the second interface (120), and the other end of the fourth switch (520) is electrically connected to the fourth interface (140).

19. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 17-18, wherein, The second high-voltage box (100) also includes an equalization circuit (190); One end of the equalization circuit (190) is electrically connected to the first end of the first interface (110) and the first end of the fourth switch circuit (500), and the other end of the equalization circuit (190) is electrically connected to the second end of the third interface (130) and the second end of the fourth switch circuit (500).

20. The marine energy storage system according to claim 19, wherein, The equalization circuit (190) includes an equalization switch (191) and an equalization resistor (192). One end of the equalization switch (191) is electrically connected to the first end of the first interface (110) and the first end of the fourth switch circuit (500), and the other end of the equalization switch (191) is electrically connected to one end of the equalization resistor (192). The other end of the equalization resistor (192) is electrically connected to the second end of the third interface (130) and the fourth switch circuit (500).

21. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 12-20, wherein, The battery pack (201), the first high-voltage box (20), and the second high-voltage box (100) of the power supply branch (10) communicate with each other using their respective communication interfaces; or / and, The third and fourth terminals of the third switching circuit (300) are both electrically connected to the marine power distribution system, which includes a DC / AC converter, an energy storage converter, or a DC power distribution board.

22. The marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 12-21, wherein the energy storage device (200) comprises a plurality of battery packs (201) connected in series to form the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery; or, the plurality of battery packs (201) are connected in parallel to form the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery.

23. A charging method for a marine energy storage system, the marine energy storage system comprising multiple power supply branches (10) and a first high-voltage box (20), the multiple power supply branches (10) being connected in parallel, each power supply branch (10) comprising at least one battery pack (201) and a second high-voltage box (100), the first high-voltage box (20) being provided with a charging and discharging interface, and the first high-voltage box (20) being electrically connected to the second high-voltage box (100); the charging method comprising: Receive a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system; Obtain the branch voltage of each of the power supply branches (10); The power-on strategy of the power supply branch (10) is determined according to the branch voltage, and the charging switch in the second high voltage box (100) is closed according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch (10); Once all the power supply branches (10) are powered on, the charging switch in the first high-voltage box (20) is closed to charge the battery pack (201) in each of the power supply branches (10) through the first high-voltage box (20).

24. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 23, wherein, Before obtaining the branch voltage of each of the power supply branches (10), the method further includes: Obtain the charging information of the marine energy storage system; If the charging information is the preset first information, determine whether the charging / discharging interface and the charging pile have successfully communicated; If the communication connection between the charging / discharging interface and the charging pile is successful, fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information of the marine energy storage system.

25. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 24, wherein, After obtaining the charging information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: If the charging information is the preset second information, determine whether the charging command is valid; If the charging command is valid, determine whether the marine energy storage system has successfully communicated with the ship management system. If the marine energy storage system successfully establishes a communication connection with the ship management system, fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain the fault detection information.

26. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 24-25, wherein, After obtaining the charging information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: If the charging information is a preset third information, determine whether the current at the charging / discharging interface flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack (201). If the current flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack (201), fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain the fault detection information.

27. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 24-26, wherein, Before performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: Obtain the current temperature of the battery pack (201); If the current temperature is lower than a preset first temperature, a heating command is generated to heat the battery pack (201); After a preset first time, the temperature of the battery pack (201) is checked again to determine whether there is a heating fault in the marine energy storage system.

28. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 23-27, wherein the plurality of power supply branches include a first power supply branch and a second power supply branch; in, The step of determining the power-on strategy of the power supply branch (10) based on the branch voltage, and closing the charging switch in the second high-voltage box (100) according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch (10), includes: Based on the branch voltage, a first power supply branch with a first branch voltage and a second power supply branch with a second branch voltage are determined from the marine energy storage system; wherein the first branch voltage is less than or equal to the second branch voltage; Close the charging switch of the second high-voltage box (100) in the first power supply branch to power on the first power supply branch; After the first power supply branch is powered on, the bus voltage of the marine energy storage system is obtained; Based on the voltage of the second branch and the voltage of the bus, a voltage difference is generated between the second power supply branch and the bus of the marine energy storage system. The charging switch of the second high-voltage box (100) in the second power supply branch is closed according to the voltage difference to power on the second power supply branch.

29. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 28, wherein, The charging switch in the second high-voltage box (100) includes a first charging switch (172) and a second charging switch (182). The second high-voltage box is also provided with an equalization switch (191), which is connected in parallel with the first charging switch (172). The charging switch that closes the second high-voltage box (100) in the first power supply branch includes: Close the second charging switch (182) and the equalization switch (191) in sequence. After a preset second time, the first charging switch (172) is closed, and after a preset third time, the equalization switch (191) is opened.

30. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 28-29, wherein the charging switch in the second high-voltage box (100) includes a first charging switch (172) and a second charging switch (182), and the second high-voltage box (100) is further provided with an equalization switch (191), wherein the equalization switch (191) is connected in parallel with the first charging switch (172); in, The charging switch that closes the second high-voltage box (100) in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference includes: If the voltage difference is less than the preset first voltage, the second charging switch (182) and the first charging switch (172) are closed in sequence. If the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to the preset second voltage, the second charging switch (182) and the equalization switch (191) are closed in sequence. After a preset fourth time, the first charging switch (172) is closed, and after a preset fifth time, the equalization switch (191) is opened. If the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, a charging protection command for the marine energy storage system is generated.

31. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 23-30, further comprising: If the marine energy storage system is malfunctioning while it is charging, obtain the malfunction information of the marine energy storage system. If the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to power down, determine whether to trigger a reduction in the charging current of the marine energy storage system; If the charging current of the marine energy storage system is reduced, the marine energy storage system is charged using a preset first current.

32. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 23-31, further comprising: When the marine energy storage system is in a charging state, the individual cell voltage of the battery cell in the battery pack (201) is obtained; If the voltage of the single unit is greater than or equal to the preset third voltage, the charging current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted to the preset second current. After a preset sixth time period, the charging current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted to a preset third current; wherein the third current is less than or equal to the second current. After a preset seventh time, the charging current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted to a preset fourth current; wherein the fourth current is less than or equal to the third current.

33. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 32, wherein, After adjusting the charging current of the marine energy storage system to a preset fourth current, the method further includes: If the voltage of the single cell is greater than or equal to a preset fourth voltage, a stop charging command for the marine energy storage system is generated; wherein, the fourth voltage is greater than the third voltage; After a preset eighth time, the loop current of the marine energy storage system is obtained; If the circuit current is less than or equal to the preset fifth current, the marine energy storage system is powered down. If the circuit current is greater than the fifth current, a charging fault information for the marine energy storage system is generated.

34. A charging method for a marine energy storage system, the marine energy storage system comprising at least one power supply branch (10), the power supply branch (10) comprising at least one battery pack (201) and a second high-voltage box (100), the second high-voltage box (100) being provided with a charging and discharging interface; the charging method comprising: If a charging command to charge the marine energy storage system is received, the charging information of the marine energy storage system is obtained. Based on the charging information, determine whether the charging and discharging interface has a separate charging interface (160) and a discharging interface (150). If the charging and discharging interface has a separate charging interface (160) and a discharging interface (150), obtain the on / off information of the discharge switch corresponding to the discharging interface (150); If the on / off information indicates that the discharge switch is in a closed state, disconnect the discharge switch; Close the charging switch corresponding to the charging interface (160) and charge the energy storage device (200) in the power supply branch (10) where the charging switch is located.

35. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 34, wherein, Before determining whether the charging and discharging interface has a separate charging interface (160) and a discharging interface (150) based on the charging information, the method further includes: If the charging information contains preset first information, determine whether the charging / discharging interface and the charging pile have successfully established a communication connection; If the communication connection between the charging / discharging interface and the charging pile is successful, fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information of the marine energy storage system.

36. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 34-35, wherein, Before determining whether the charging and discharging interface has a separate charging interface (160) and a discharging interface (150) based on the charging information, the method further includes: If the charging information contains preset second information, determine whether the charging command is valid; If the charging command is valid, determine whether the communication connection with the ship management system is successful. If the communication connection with the ship management system is successful, fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain the fault detection information.

37. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 34-36, wherein, Before determining whether the charging / discharging interface has a separate charging interface (160) and discharging interface (150) based on the signal detection information, the method further includes: If the charging information contains preset third information, determine whether the current at the charging / discharging interface flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack (201). If the current at the charging / discharging interface flows from the charging / discharging interface to the battery pack (201), fault detection is performed on the marine energy storage system to obtain the fault detection information.

38. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 35-37, wherein, Before performing fault detection on the marine energy storage system and obtaining fault detection information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: Obtain the current temperature of the battery pack (201); If the current temperature is lower than a preset first temperature, a heating command is generated to heat the battery pack (201); After a preset first time, the temperature of the battery pack (201) is checked again to determine whether there is a heating fault in the marine energy storage system.

39. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 34-38, wherein, The charging of the energy storage device (200) in the power supply branch (10) where the charging switch is located includes: If an abnormality is detected in the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located, disconnect the main circuit of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located; The number of power supply branches (10) in the marine energy storage system that have not experienced any abnormalities is determined, and the charging current of the marine energy storage system is adjusted according to the number of branches to charge the power supply branches (10) that have not experienced any abnormalities.

40. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 39, wherein, After the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located is detected to be abnormal, the method further includes: Determine whether to trigger the disconnection of the main circuit of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located; If the main circuit of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located is not triggered to disconnect, determine whether to trigger the reduction of the charging current of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located; If the charging current of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located is reduced, the charging current of the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located is adjusted to charge the power supply branch (10) where the battery pack (201) is located.

41. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 34-40, wherein, The charging of the battery pack (201) in the power supply branch (10) where the charging switch is located includes: If there is a cell voltage in the battery pack (201) that is greater than or equal to a preset first voltage, the charging current of the battery pack (201) is adjusted to a preset first current; After a preset second time, the charging current of the battery pack (201) is adjusted to a preset second current; wherein the second current is less than or equal to the first current; After a preset third time, the charging current of the battery pack (201) is adjusted to a preset third current; wherein the third current is less than or equal to the second current.

42. The charging method for a marine energy storage system according to claim 41, wherein, After adjusting the charging current of the battery pack (201) to a preset third current, the method further includes: If the voltage of all cells in the battery pack (201) is greater than or equal to a preset second voltage, a stop charging command for the battery pack (201) is generated, and the loop current of the battery pack (201) is obtained; wherein, the second voltage is greater than the first voltage; After a preset fourth time, the loop current of the battery pack (201) is obtained; If the circuit current is less than or equal to the preset fourth current, disconnect the charging switch in the high-voltage box where the battery pack (201) is located; If the circuit current is greater than the fourth current, it is determined that the marine energy storage system has a charging fault.

43. A discharge method for a marine energy storage system, comprising: If the marine energy storage system is in a state of discharge and malfunctions, obtain the malfunction information of the marine energy storage system; If the abnormal information does not trigger the marine energy storage system to power down, determine whether to trigger a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system; If the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is reduced, the discharge current of the marine energy storage system will be adjusted from a preset first current to a preset second current; wherein the first current is greater than or equal to the second current.

44. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to claim 43, wherein the marine energy storage system includes multiple power supply branches (10) and a first high-voltage box (20), the multiple power supply branches (10) are connected in parallel, each power supply branch (10) includes at least one battery pack (201) and a second high-voltage box (100), the first high-voltage box (20) is provided with a charging and discharging interface, and the first high-voltage box (20) is electrically connected to the second high-voltage box (100); in, After obtaining the abnormal information of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: If the abnormal information triggers the marine energy storage system to shut down, a stop discharge command for the marine energy storage system is generated. After a preset first time, the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box (20) is disconnected, and after a preset second time, the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box (100) is disconnected.

45. The discharge method for a marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 43-44, wherein, After determining whether to trigger a reduction in the discharge current of the marine energy storage system, the method further includes: If the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is not reduced, the marine energy storage system is controlled to discharge using the first current.

46. ​​The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 43-45, wherein the marine energy storage system comprises at least one power supply branch (10). in, Prior to the malfunction of the marine energy storage system if it is in a discharge state, the system further includes: If the battery management system of the marine energy storage system receives a wake-up command sent by the ship management system, it determines whether the wake-up command is valid. If the wake-up command is valid, perform fault detection on the marine energy storage system to obtain fault detection information of the marine energy storage system; If the fault detection information is the preset first information, the power supply branch (10) is powered on so as to supply power to the ship using the power supply branch (10).

47. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to claim 46, wherein the marine energy storage system includes multiple power supply branches (10) and a first high-voltage box (20), the multiple power supply branches (10) are connected in parallel, each power supply branch (10) includes at least one battery pack (201) and a second high-voltage box (100), the first high-voltage box (20) is provided with a charging and discharging interface, and the first high-voltage box (20) is electrically connected to the second high-voltage box (100); in, The step of energizing the power supply branch (10) to supply power to the ship via the power supply branch (10) includes: Obtain the branch voltage of each of the power supply branches (10); The power-on strategy of the power supply branch (10) is determined according to the branch voltage, and the discharge switch in the second high voltage box (100) is closed according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch (10); Once all the power supply branches (10) are powered on, close the discharge switch in the first high-voltage box (20) to supply power to the ship through the charging and discharging interface.

48. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to claim 47, wherein the plurality of power supply branches include a first power supply branch and a second power supply branch; in, The step of determining the power-on strategy of the power supply branch (10) based on the branch voltage, and closing the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box (100) according to the power-on strategy to power on the power supply branch (10), includes: Based on the branch voltage, a first power supply branch with a first branch voltage and a second power supply branch with a second branch voltage are determined from the marine energy storage system; wherein the first branch voltage is less than or equal to the second branch voltage; Close the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box (100) in the first power supply branch to power on the first power supply branch; After the first power supply branch is powered on, the bus voltage of the marine energy storage system is obtained; Based on the voltage of the second branch and the voltage of the bus, a voltage difference is generated between the second power supply branch and the bus of the marine energy storage system. The discharge switch of the second high-voltage box (100) in the second power supply branch is closed according to the voltage difference to power on the second power supply branch.

49. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to claim 48, wherein the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box (100) includes a first discharge switch (171) and a second discharge switch (181), and the second high-voltage box (100) is further provided with an equalization switch (191), wherein the equalization switch (191) is connected in parallel with the first discharge switch (171); in, Closing the discharge switch of the second high-voltage box (100) in the first power supply branch to power on the first power supply branch includes: The second discharge switch (181) and the equalization switch (191) are closed in sequence. After a preset third time, the first discharge switch (171) is closed, and after a preset fourth time, the equalization switch (191) is opened.

50. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 48-49, wherein the discharge switch in the second high-voltage box (100) includes a first discharge switch (171) and a second discharge switch (181), and the second high-voltage box (100) is further provided with an equalization switch (191), wherein the equalization switch (191) is connected in parallel with the first discharge switch (171); in, The discharge switch that closes the second high-voltage box (100) in the second power supply branch according to the voltage difference includes: If the voltage difference is less than the preset first voltage, the second discharge switch (181) and the first discharge switch (171) are closed in sequence. If the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the first voltage and less than or equal to the preset second voltage, the second discharge switch (181) and the equalization switch (191) are closed in sequence. After a preset fifth time, the first discharge switch (171) is closed, and after a preset sixth time, the equalization switch (191) is opened. If the voltage difference is greater than the second voltage, a discharge protection command for the marine energy storage system is generated.

51. The discharge method of the marine energy storage system according to any one of claims 43-50, wherein, Prior to the malfunction of the marine energy storage system if it is in a discharge state, the system further includes: If the battery management system of the marine energy storage system receives a power-down command from the marine energy storage system, it obtains the discharge current of the marine energy storage system. If the discharge current of the marine energy storage system is greater than the preset third current, obtain the feedback information of the emergency stop button of the marine energy storage system. If the feedback information is a preset second information, the marine energy storage system is controlled to discharge using the first current.

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