Protection method and circuit for energy storage power supply

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a protection method and circuit for an energy storage power supply. The method comprises: providing an energy storage power supply comprising a plurality of micro power units and a load unit, the plurality of micro power units being cascaded and each controlling an output by means of a plurality of drive switches and a plurality of inverter switches in each micro power unit; monitoring the micro power units and the load unit to obtain power supply operation information and load operation information; and if the power supply operation information or the load operation information is abnormal, turning off the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in an operating state, and inverter switches in the corresponding micro power unit that are in an operating state. In the present disclosure, operation states of a power supply end and a load end in the energy storage power supply are monitored. When an anomaly occurs at one end, a corresponding emergency braking measure is quickly performed to prevent damage to the remaining micro power units when faults such as overvoltage and overcurrent occur in a micro power unit or load unit, thereby improving the overall safety of the energy storage power supply and ensuring the service life of the energy storage power supply.

Description

Protection methods and circuits for energy storage power supplies

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on November 13, 2024, with application number "2024116126484" and title "A Protection Method and Circuit for an Energy Storage Power Supply", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of power supplies, specifically to a protection method and circuit for an energy storage power supply. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of new energy technologies, energy storage power supplies have gradually entered people's lives and production, becoming an indispensable part of daily life. Along with the rapid development of energy storage power supplies and the expansion of their application scenarios, energy storage power supplies need to meet the needs of various DC voltage levels. This requires energy storage power supplies to be convenient, modular, and adaptable to different voltage levels of various electrical equipment. Furthermore, because they need to adapt to different voltage levels of electrical equipment, they also need to have good scalability and flexibility to adapt to different voltage levels. While meeting various needs, modular energy storage power supplies require each micro-power unit to have good startup and protection strategies to prevent damage to the energy storage power supply and industrial equipment from faults such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and short circuits. This ensures that while driving industrial equipment, the energy storage power supply can also protect each micro-power unit, minimizing damage, extending its lifespan, and reducing the risks associated with malfunctions.

[0004] In related technologies, although there are methods for protecting energy storage power sources, the protection of energy storage power sources can only detect the power source. The protection circuit cannot make corresponding changes to the energy storage power source according to the load requirements, nor can it perform real-time detection and abnormal handling of the charging circuit during charging.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an energy storage power supply that can change according to the load demand and also provide real-time protection is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, this disclosure provides a protection method and circuit for an energy storage power supply to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the technical solutions provided in this disclosure are as follows.

[0008] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a protection method for an energy storage power supply, applied to a protection circuit of the energy storage power supply. The protection circuit includes an energy storage power supply, multiple control units, and a main controller. The energy storage power supply includes multiple micro power units and a load unit. The main controller is connected to each control unit, each micro power unit, and the load unit respectively. The multiple control units are connected one-to-one with the multiple micro power units. The multiple micro power units are cascaded sequentially. The first micro power unit and the last micro power unit are circuitally connected to the load unit. Each micro power unit controls its output through multiple drive switches and multiple inverter switches. The method includes:

[0009] When the energy storage power supply is in a discharging state, each micro power unit and the load unit are monitored to obtain multiple power supply operation information and load operation information.

[0010] If any of the power supply operation information or the load operation information is abnormal, the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and discharge switch of the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected.

[0011] If the power supply operation information and the load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches and drive switches in the micro power unit and the discharge switch in the load unit;

[0012] The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature, while the load operation information includes load voltage and load current.

[0013] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any of the power supply operation information or the load operation information is abnormal, the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and discharge switch operating in the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected, including: if any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, the corresponding drive switch is disconnected first, and then the multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch are disconnected; if the load operation information is abnormal, the multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch are disconnected first, and then the drive switch is disconnected.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, the corresponding drive switch is first disconnected, and then multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch are disconnected, including: the control unit disconnects the drive switch in the micro power unit that is in operation based on the power supply operation information; the control unit generates a power fault signal based on the power supply operation information and sends the power fault signal to the main controller; the main controller responds to the power fault signal and disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch, shutting down the energy storage power supply.

[0015] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the load operation information is abnormal, the multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch are disconnected first, and then the drive switch is disconnected, including: the main controller disconnects the multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch; the main controller generates a load fault signal based on the load operation information and sends the load fault signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switch in the working state among the multiple micro power units, and shuts down the energy storage power supply.

[0016] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the power supply operation information and the load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches, and discharge switches in the micro power unit, including: the main controller acquires the discharge demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and discharge switches to the working state according to the discharge demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each drive switch to the working state according to the enable signal.

[0017] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the energy storage power supply further includes a charging unit, and a first micro power unit and a last micro power unit are circuitically connected to the charging unit. The method further includes: when the energy storage power supply is in a charging state, monitoring each micro power unit and the charging unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information and charging operation information; if any power supply operation information or charging operation information is abnormal, disconnecting the driving switch, multiple inverter switches, and the charging switch in the corresponding micro power unit; if the power supply operation information and the charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes the multiple inverter switches, driving switches, and the charging switch in the charging unit; wherein, the charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

[0018] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any of the power supply operation information or the charging operation information is abnormal, the driving switch, multiple inverter switches, and the charging switch in the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected, including: if any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, the driving switch is disconnected first, and then the multiple inverter switches and the charging switch are disconnected; if the charging operation information is abnormal, the charging switch and the multiple inverter switches are disconnected first, and then the driving switch is disconnected.

[0019] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the power supply operation information and the charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches, and charging switches in the micro power unit; the main controller acquires the charging demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and charging switches to the working state according to the charging demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each drive switch to the working state according to the enable signal.

[0020] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, comprising:

[0021] Multiple miniature power units are configured to superimpose the output voltage of each power source to obtain the total output voltage of the power source. The output voltage of the power source is obtained by inverting the miniature power units.

[0022] The load unit is configured to filter the total output voltage of the power supply to obtain a load drive voltage, and apply the load drive voltage to the load device.

[0023] The charging unit is configured to charge the power supply in the micro power unit when the power supply output voltage meets a preset low voltage threshold.

[0024] Multiple control units are configured to sample the voltage, current, and temperature of a corresponding micro power unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information;

[0025] The main controller is configured to sample the voltage and current of the load unit and the charging unit to obtain load operation information and charging operation information.

[0026] If the control unit determines that any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch or charging switch in operation through the main controller.

[0027] If the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the working state of multiple micro power units through the multiple control units.

[0028] If the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and the charging switch through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches that are in operation in the multiple micro power units through the multiple control units.

[0029] The power supply operation information, load operation information and charging operation information of the energy storage power supply are restored from the abnormal state, and the main controller controls the energy storage power supply to restore the working state before the abnormality;

[0030] The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature; the load operation information includes load voltage and load current; and the charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

[0031] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the micro power unit includes a charge / discharge electronic unit and an inverter subunit, the charge / discharge electronic unit being connected to the inverter subunit, the charge / discharge electronic unit being connected to the control unit, and the inverter subunit being connected to the main controller.

[0032] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the control unit determines that any one of the power supply operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch or charging switch in operation through the main controller. This includes: the control unit disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding charge / discharge electronic unit that is in operation, and generates a power fault signal according to the power supply operation information, and sends the power fault signal to the main controller. The main controller responds to the power fault signal and disconnects the inverter switch in each inverter subunit, the discharge switch in the load unit, or the charging switch in the charging unit.

[0033] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the multiple micro power units that are in operation through the multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switches in each inverter sub-unit and the discharge switches in the load unit, and generates a load fault signal according to the load operation information, and sends the load fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switches in each charge / discharge electronic unit that are in operation.

[0034] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and the charging switch through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the multiple micro power units that are in operation through the multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switch in each inverter sub-unit and the charging switch in the charging unit, and generates a charging fault signal according to the charging operation information, and sends the charging fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the charging fault signal and disconnects the drive switch in each charging and discharging electronic unit that is in operation.

[0035] This disclosure provides a protection method and circuit for an energy storage power supply. The method includes: the provided energy storage power supply includes multiple micro-power units and load units, the multiple micro-power units are cascaded, and the output is controlled by multiple drive switches and multiple inverter switches in the micro-power units; monitoring the micro-power units and load units to obtain power supply operation information and load operation information; if the power supply operation information or load operation information is abnormal, disconnecting the drive switches in the micro-power units that are in operation and the inverter switches in each micro-power unit that are in operation. This disclosure monitors the operating status of the power supply end and the load end of the energy storage power supply, and when an abnormality occurs at one end, quickly takes corresponding emergency braking measures to prevent damage to other micro-power units when a fault such as overvoltage or overcurrent occurs in one micro-power unit or load unit, thereby improving the overall safety of the energy storage power supply and ensuring its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for protecting an energy storage power supply from discharge, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage power source according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 4 is a detailed structural diagram of a micro power unit shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 5 is a control diagram of a single micro power unit illustrated in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a protection method for charging an energy storage power supply in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings and optional embodiments, illustrates the implementation of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this disclosure from the content disclosed herein. This disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. It should be understood that the optional embodiments are merely illustrative of this disclosure and not intended to limit its scope of protection.

[0046] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this disclosure and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0047] Numerous details are explored in the following description to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] CAN communication is a serial communication protocol bus used for real-time applications. It belongs to the fieldbus category and is mainly used for data communication in distributed control systems.

[0049] The inventors' research revealed that with the development of new energy technologies, energy storage power supplies are gradually entering people's lives and production, becoming an indispensable part of daily life. Along with the rapid development of energy storage power supplies and the expansion of their application scenarios, energy storage power supplies need to meet the needs of people working in various DC voltage levels. This requires energy storage power supplies to be convenient, modular, and adaptable to different voltage levels of various electrical equipment. Furthermore, because they need to adapt to various voltage levels of different electrical devices, they also need to have good scalability and flexibility to adapt to different voltage levels. While meeting various needs, modular energy storage power supplies require each micro-power unit to have good startup and protection strategies to prevent damage to the energy storage power supply and industrial equipment from faults such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and short circuits. This ensures that while driving industrial equipment, the energy storage power supply can also protect each micro-power unit, minimizing damage to the energy storage power supply, extending its service life, and reducing the risks associated with failures.

[0050] In related technologies, although there are methods for protecting energy storage power sources, the protection of energy storage power sources can only detect the power source. The protection circuit cannot make corresponding changes to the energy storage power source according to the load requirements, nor can it detect and handle abnormalities in the charging circuit during charging.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for protecting an energy storage power supply from discharge.

[0052] As shown in Figure 1, this disclosure provides a protection method for an energy storage power supply. This protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the energy storage power supply, which includes the energy storage power supply, multiple control units, and a main controller. The energy storage power supply includes multiple micro-power units and a load unit. The main controller is connected to each control unit, each micro-power unit, and the load unit respectively. Multiple control units are connected one-to-one with each of the micro-power units. The micro-power units are cascaded sequentially. The first and last micro-power units are circuitically connected to the load unit. Each micro-power unit controls its output through multiple drive switches and multiple inverter switches. This method includes at least steps S110 to S130, detailed below:

[0053] S110. When the energy storage power supply is in the discharge state, monitor each micro power unit and load unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information and load operation information.

[0054] S120. If any power supply operation information or load operation information is abnormal, disconnect the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and discharge switch in the corresponding micro power unit.

[0055] S130. If the power supply operation information and load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches in the micro power unit, and discharge switches in the load unit.

[0056] The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature, while the load operation information includes load voltage and load current.

[0057] If the power supply operation information or load operation information is consistently abnormal, the energy storage power supply will remain in a switched-off state.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a block diagram of a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of an energy storage power source shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0060] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the protection circuit of the energy storage power supply includes the energy storage power supply, multiple control units, and a main controller. The energy storage power supply includes multiple micro power units, a load unit, and a charging unit. The main controller is connected to each control unit, each micro power unit, a load unit, and a charging unit. The multiple control units are connected one-to-one with the multiple micro power units, as shown in Figure 3. The multiple micro power units are cascaded sequentially. The first input / output terminal of the first micro power unit is connected to the first input terminal of the load unit. The first input / output terminal of the first micro power unit is also connected to the first output terminal of the charging unit. The second input / output terminal of the first micro power unit... The output terminal is connected to the first input / output terminal of the second micro power unit, the second input / output terminal of the i-th micro power unit is connected to the first input / output terminal of the (i+1)-th micro power unit, the second input / output terminal of the last micro power unit is connected to the second input terminal of the load unit, and the second input / output terminal of the last micro power unit is also connected to the second output terminal of the charging unit. The total output voltage of the power supply is obtained through multiple cascaded micro power units. The load unit filters the total output voltage of the power supply to obtain the load drive voltage, which is then applied to the load. Here, i is an integer, 1≤i≤n, and n is the number of control units, n≥1.

[0061] As shown in Figure 3, the load unit includes a first filter inductor L1, a first filter capacitor C2, a load resistor RL, a first discharge switch K11, and a second discharge switch K12. One end of the first filter inductor L1 is connected to one end of the first filter capacitor C2. One end of the first filter inductor L1 is also connected to one end of the load resistor RL via the first discharge switch K11. The other end of the first filter capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of the load resistor RL via the second discharge switch K12. The other end of the first filter inductor L1 is the first input terminal of the load unit, and the other end of the first filter capacitor C2 is the second input terminal of the load unit.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3, the charging unit includes a second filter inductor L2, a second filter capacitor C3, a first charging resistor Rc1, a second charging resistor Rc2, a first pre-charge control switch K21, a second pre-charge control switch K22, a first charging switch K31, and a second charging switch K32. One end of the second filter inductor L2 is connected to one end of the second filter capacitor C3. One end of the second filter capacitor C3 is connected to the positive terminal of the power grid via the first charging resistor Rc1 and the first pre-charge control switch K21. One end of the second filter capacitor C3 is also connected to the positive terminal of the power grid via the first charging switch K31. The other end of the second filter capacitor C3 is connected to the negative terminal of the power grid via the second charging resistor Rc2 and the second pre-charge control switch K22. The other end of the second filter capacitor C3 is also connected to the negative terminal of the power grid via the second charging switch K32. The other end of the second filter inductor L2 is the first output terminal of the charging unit, and the other end of the second filter capacitor C3 is the second output terminal of the charging unit.

[0063] It should be explained that the discharge switch includes the first discharge switch K11 and the second discharge switch K12, and the charging switch includes the first precharge control switch K21, the second precharge control switch K22, the first charging switch K31, and the second charging switch K32.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a detailed structural diagram of a micro power unit shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0065] As shown in Figure 4, the micro power unit includes a charge / discharge electronic unit and an inverter sub-unit. The charge / discharge electronic unit includes a battery pack Vbat, a fuse F, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first drive switch Q1, a second drive switch Q2, and a first capacitor C1. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack Vbat, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1. One end of the first drive switch Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of the resistor pack Vbat via the fuse F, and the other end of the first drive switch Q1 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1. One end of the second resistor R2 is connected to one end of the first drive switch Q1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to one end of the second drive switch Q2. The other end of the second drive switch Q2 is connected to the other end of the first drive switch Q1.

[0066] As shown in Figure 4, the inverter subunit includes a first inverter switch S1, a second inverter switch S2, a third inverter switch S3, and a fourth inverter switch S4. One end of the first inverter switch S1 is connected to one end of the second inverter switch S2, and the other end of the first inverter switch S1 is connected to one end of the third inverter switch S3. The other end of the third inverter switch S3 is connected to the other end of the fourth inverter switch S4, and the other end of the second inverter switch S2 is connected to one end of the fourth inverter switch S4. One end of the first inverter switch S1 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end of the third inverter switch S3 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1. The other end of the first inverter switch S1 is the first input / output terminal of the inverter subunit, which is also the first input / output terminal of the micro power unit. One end of the fourth inverter switch S4 is the second input / output terminal of the inverter subunit, which is also the second input / output terminal of the micro power unit. It should be noted that the pre-charging branch consisting of the second resistor R2 and the second drive switch Q2 can include only the second resistor R2. When the micro power unit is working normally, the second drive switch Q2 is closed first, and the battery pack Vbat pre-charges the first capacitor C1. Then the second drive switch Q2 is opened, the first drive switch Q1 is closed, and the battery pack Vbat charges the first capacitor C1.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a control diagram of a single micro power unit illustrated in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0068] As shown in Figure 5, voltage, current, and temperature are sampled for the micro power unit to obtain power supply operation information. This includes: acquiring the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack Vbat through the control unit to obtain the battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature; acquiring the voltage across the first drive switch Q1 through the control unit to obtain the drive voltage; acquiring the current across the first resistor R1 through the control unit to obtain the operating current of the charging and discharging electronic unit; and acquiring the voltage across the first capacitor C1 through the control unit to obtain the charging voltage. The power supply operation information includes sampled voltage, sampled current, and sampled temperature. The sampled voltage includes battery voltage, drive voltage, and charging voltage, etc.; the sampled current includes battery current and charging current, etc.; and the sampled temperature is the battery temperature.

[0069] As shown in Figure 5, the main controller samples the voltage and current of the first filter inductor L1, the first filter capacitor C2, and the load resistor RL of the load unit to obtain load operating information. This load operating information includes the voltage and current of the first filter inductor L1, the voltage and current of the first filter capacitor C2, the current of the load resistor RL, and the voltage of the load resistor RL.

[0070] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any power supply operation information or load operation information is abnormal, the driving switch, multiple inverter switches, and discharge switch in the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected. This includes: if any power supply operation information is abnormal, the corresponding driving switch is disconnected first, and then the multiple inverter switches and discharge switches are disconnected; if the load operation information is abnormal, the multiple inverter switches and discharge switches are disconnected first, and then the driving switch is disconnected. Specifically, when any power supply operation information is abnormal, the driving switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation is disconnected first, and then the multiple inverter switches and discharge switches are disconnected. For example, as shown in Figure 5, when the sampling voltage, sampling current, or sampling temperature of one of the multiple micro power units is abnormal, the driving switch (Q1 or Q2) in the abnormal micro power unit that is in operation is disconnected first, and then the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and discharge switches (K11, K12) in operation are disconnected. When the load operation information is abnormal, it will cause the load unit to overload and other phenomena. If the overload time is too long, it will damage the energy storage power supply. Therefore, first disconnect the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and discharge switches (K11, K12) that are in operation, and then disconnect the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) that are in operation in the micro power unit.

[0071] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any power supply operation information is abnormal, the corresponding drive switch is first disconnected, and then multiple inverter switches and discharge switches are disconnected, including: the control unit disconnects the drive switch in the micro power unit that is in operation based on the power supply operation information; the control unit generates a power fault signal based on the power supply operation information and sends the power fault signal to the main controller; the main controller responds to the power fault signal and disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches to shut down the energy storage power supply. As shown in Figure 5, the control unit collects information from the micro power unit to obtain power operation information. The control unit judges each piece of collected power operation information and calculates the charge of the corresponding battery based on the battery current and the collection time. When at least one piece of power operation information is abnormal, the control unit disconnects the drive switch (Q1 or Q2) in the charging and discharging electronic unit that is in operation. The control unit generates a power fault signal F_VCC based on the power operation information and sends the collected power operation information and the power fault signal F_VCC to the main controller via CAN communication (Controller Area Network). The main controller receives and responds to the power fault signal F_VCC and performs level conversion on the inverter drive signal and the discharge drive signal based on the power fault signal F_VCC. The inverter drive signal is applied to each inverter sub-unit, disconnecting the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in the operation state in each inverter sub-unit. The inverter drive signal is applied to the discharge switches (K11, K22) in the operation state in the charging unit to shut down the energy storage power supply.

[0072] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the load operation information is abnormal, multiple inverter switches and discharge switches are disconnected first, and then drive switches are disconnected, including: the main controller disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches; the main controller generates a load fault signal based on the load operation information and sends the load fault signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switches in the working state of multiple micro power units, and shuts down the energy storage power supply. As shown in Figure 5, when the main controller determines that the collected load operation information is abnormal, the main controller first performs level conversion on the inverter drive signal and the discharge drive signal according to the load operation information, applies the inverter drive signal to each inverter sub-unit, and disconnects the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in the working state in each inverter sub-unit. At the same time, the inverter drive signal applies the discharge switches (K11, K22) in the working state in the charging unit. Then, a load fault signal F_L is generated according to the load operation information, and the collected load operation information and the load fault signal F_L are transmitted to each control unit through CAN communication (Controller Area Network). The control unit receives and responds to the load fault signal F_L, performs level conversion on the drive signal according to the load fault signal F_L, and disconnects the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) in the working state in each charging and discharging electronic unit.

[0073] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the power supply operation information and load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches, and discharge switches in the micro power unit, including: the main controller acquires the discharge demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and discharge switches to the working state according to the discharge demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each drive switch to the working state according to the enable signal. Specifically, after the staff has cleared the fault, the power supply operation information and load operation information change from abnormal to normal. The main controller obtains the discharge demand of the energy storage power supply, and converts the inverter drive signal and discharge drive signal level according to the discharge demand, so that multiple inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and discharge switches (K11, K22) are set to the working state, and an enable signal EN is sent to each control unit. Each control unit receives and responds to the enable signal EN, and first closes the second drive switch Q2 according to the enable signal EN, and charges the first capacitor C1 through the pre-charge circuit. After the voltage of the first capacitor C1 stabilizes, the second drive switch Q2 is opened and the first drive switch Q1 is closed, and the battery pack Vbat is connected to the energy storage power supply to supply power to the load equipment.

[0074] When the energy storage power supply is lower than the preset low voltage threshold, it needs to be charged. The charging process also needs to be protected.

[0075] As shown in Figure 6, the protection method for the energy storage power supply also includes steps S610 to S630:

[0076] S610: When the energy storage power supply is in the charging state, monitor each micro power unit and charging unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information and charging operation information;

[0077] S620. If any power supply operation information or charging operation information is abnormal, disconnect the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and charging switch in the corresponding micro power unit.

[0078] S630. If the power supply operation information and charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches in the micro power unit, and charging switches in the charging unit.

[0079] The charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

[0080] As shown in Figure 5, the main controller samples the voltage and current of the second filter inductor L2, the second filter capacitor C3, and the charging resistors (Rc1 and Rc2) of the charging unit to obtain charging operation information. This charging operation information includes the voltage and current of the second filter inductor L2, the voltage and current of the second filter capacitor C3, and the current and voltage of the charging resistors (Rc1 and Rc2).

[0081] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if any power supply operation information or charging operation information is abnormal, the driving switch, multiple inverter switches, and charging switch in the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected. This includes: if any power supply operation information is abnormal, the driving switch is disconnected first, and then the multiple inverter switches and charging switch are disconnected; if the charging operation information is abnormal, the charging switch and multiple inverter switches are disconnected first, and then the driving switch is disconnected. For example, as shown in FIG5, when the sampling voltage, sampling current, or sampling temperature of one of the multiple micro power units is abnormal, the driving switch (Q1 or Q2) in the abnormal micro power unit that is in operation is disconnected first, and then the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) in operation are disconnected. When the charging operation information is abnormal, the charging current and voltage will be abnormal, which will reduce the battery life. Therefore, first disconnect the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) that are in operation, and then disconnect the drive switch (Q1 or Q2) that is in operation in the micro power unit.

[0082] In one embodiment of this disclosure, if the power supply operation information and charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches, and charging switches in the micro power unit; the main controller acquires the charging demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and charging switches to the working state according to the charging demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit; each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each drive switch to the working state according to the enable signal. Specifically, after the staff has resolved the abnormal alarm, the power supply operation information and charging operation information change from abnormal to normal. The main controller obtains the charging demand of the energy storage power supply and converts the inverter drive signal and charging drive signal level according to the charging demand, so that multiple inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) are set to the working state. To control the charging switches, the pre-charge control switch (K21, K22) is closed first. After the voltage of the second filter capacitor C3 stabilizes, the pre-charge control switch (K21, K22) is opened, and then the charging switch (K31, K32) is closed. An enable signal EN is sent to each control unit. Each control unit receives and responds to the enable signal EN and closes the drive switch (Q1 or Q2) according to the enable signal EN, so as to charge the energy storage power supply through the grid.

[0083] It should be emphasized that the sequential control principle of the drive switch (Q1 or Q2), inverter switch (S1, S2, S3, S4) and charging switch (K21, K22, K31, K32) during the charging process is the same as that during the discharging process, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 7, a block diagram illustrating a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0085] As shown in Figure 7, this disclosure also provides a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, including:

[0086] Multiple miniature power units are configured to superimpose the output voltage of each power supply to obtain the total output voltage of the power supply. The output voltage of the power supply is obtained by inverting the miniature power units.

[0087] The load unit is configured to filter the total output voltage of the power supply to obtain the load drive voltage, and apply the load drive voltage to the load device.

[0088] The charging unit is configured to charge the power supply in the micro power unit when the power supply output voltage meets a preset low voltage threshold.

[0089] Multiple control units are configured to sample the voltage, current, and temperature of a corresponding micro power unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information;

[0090] The main controller is configured to sample the voltage and current of the load unit and the charging unit to obtain load operation information and charging operation information.

[0091] If the control unit determines that any power supply operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch (Q1 or Q2) in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and discharge switches (K11, K12) or charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) that are in operation through the main controller.

[0092] If the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and discharge switches (K11, K12) through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) in the working state of multiple micro power units through multiple control units.

[0093] If the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it will first disconnect multiple inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) and charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) through the main controller, and then disconnect the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) in the working state of multiple micro power units through multiple control units.

[0094] The power supply operation information, load operation information, and charging operation information of the energy storage power supply are restored from the abnormal state, and the controller controls the energy storage power supply to restore the working state before the abnormality.

[0095] The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature; the load operation information includes load voltage and load current; and the charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

[0096] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the micro power unit includes a charge / discharge electronic unit and an inverter sub-unit. The charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the inverter sub-unit, the charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the control unit, and the inverter sub-unit is connected to the main controller. As shown in FIG5, the micro power unit includes a charge / discharge electronic unit and an inverter sub-unit. The charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the inverter sub-unit, the charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the control unit, and the inverter sub-unit is connected to the main controller.

[0097] Please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit for an energy storage power supply shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0098] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the control unit determines that any power operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch or charging switch in operation through the main controller. This includes: the control unit disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding charge / discharge electronic unit that is in operation, and generates a power fault signal according to the power operation information, and sends the power fault signal to the main controller. The main controller responds to the power fault signal and disconnects the inverter switch in each inverter subunit, the discharge switch in the load unit, or the charging switch in the charging unit. Referring to Figures 7-8, when any control unit determines that the collected power operation information is abnormal, the control unit first disconnects the drive switch (Q1 or Q2) in the charge / discharge electronic unit that is in operation according to the abnormal power operation information, and then generates a power fault signal F_VCC according to the abnormal power operation information, and sends the collected power operation information and the power fault signal F_VCC to the main controller through CAN communication (Controller Area Network). The main controller receives and responds to the power fault signal F_VCC and determines whether the energy storage power supply is currently in a charging or discharging state. If the energy storage power supply is in a discharging state, it performs a level conversion between the inverter drive signal and the discharge drive signal based on the power fault signal F_VCC. The inverter drive signal disconnects the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in operation in each inverter sub-unit, and the discharge drive signal disconnects the discharge switches (K11, K12) in operation in the load unit. If the energy storage power supply is in a charging state, it performs a level conversion between the inverter drive signal and the charging drive signal based on the power fault signal F_VCC. The inverter drive signal disconnects the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in operation in each inverter sub-unit, and the charging drive signal disconnects the charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) in operation in the charging unit, thereby shutting down the energy storage power supply.

[0099] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the working state of multiple micro power units through multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switches in each inverter sub-unit and the discharge switches in the load unit, and generates a load fault signal according to the load operation information, and sends the load fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switches in the working state of each charge and discharge electronic unit. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, when the main controller determines that the collected load operation information is abnormal, it first performs level conversion on the inverter drive signal and the discharge drive signal according to the abnormal load operation information. It disconnects the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in the working state in each inverter sub-unit through the inverter drive signal, and disconnects the discharge switches (K11, K12) in the working state in the load unit through the discharge drive signal. Then, it generates a load fault signal F_L according to the abnormal load operation information and transmits the collected load operation information and the load fault signal F_L to each control unit through CAN communication (Controller Area Network). The control unit receives and responds to the load fault signal F_L, performs level conversion on the drive signal according to the load fault signal F_L, and disconnects the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) in the working state in each charge and discharge electronic unit.

[0100] In another embodiment of this disclosure, if the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and charging switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the working state of multiple micro power units through multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switches in each inverter sub-unit and the charging switches in the charging unit, and generates a charging fault signal according to the charging operation information, and sends the charging fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the charging fault signal and disconnects the driving switches in the working state of each charging and discharging electronic unit. Specifically, referring to Figures 7 and 8, when the main controller determines that the collected charging operation information is abnormal, the main controller first performs level conversion on the inverter drive signal and the charging drive signal according to the abnormal charging operation information. It disconnects the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) in the working state in each inverter sub-unit through the inverter drive signal, and disconnects the charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) in the working state in the load unit through the charging drive signal. Then, it generates a charging fault signal F_W according to the abnormal charging operation information, and transmits the collected charging operation information and the charging fault signal F_W to each control unit through CAN communication (Controller Area Network). The control unit receives and responds to the charging fault signal F_W, performs level conversion on the drive signal according to the charging fault signal F_W, and disconnects the drive switches (Q1 or Q2) in the working state in each charging and discharging electronic unit.

[0101] It should be noted that the control unit corresponds to and controls one unit for each micro power unit, while the main controller is the master control switch for the protection circuit of the energy storage power supply, responsible for controlling all micro power units, load units, and charging units. As shown in Figure 8, when the protection circuit of the energy storage power supply is activated, the main controller receives a start signal and sends a working signal to all inverter switches, causing some inverter switches to be in working state. After the main controller is activated, it also sends a WakeUP command to the control unit of each micro power unit to activate the control unit, so that each control unit is awakened and establishes CAN communication with the main controller. Then, the control unit first sends a drive signal to the second drive switch Q2, forming a pre-charging circuit through the battery pack Vbat, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the second drive switch Q2, and the first capacitor C1, allowing the battery pack Vbat to pre-charge the first capacitor C1 to protect the capacitor C1 from damage by the inrush current. When the voltage across the first capacitor C1 stabilizes, the control unit detects that the voltage across the first capacitor C1 has reached the preset capacitance value, and then sends a drive control signal to open the second drive switch Q2 and close the first drive switch Q1, allowing the battery pack Vbat to discharge normally.

[0102] Under normal operating conditions, the control unit is responsible for collecting the power operation information of the corresponding micro power unit and uploading the collected power operation information to the main controller. It also calculates the charge state of the battery pack. At the same time, the main controller collects the load operation information of the load unit and the charging operation information of the charging unit. It also controls the inverter switch of each micro power unit, the discharge switch of the load unit, and the charging switch of the charging unit.

[0103] It should be noted that when the main controller determines that the power supply operation information, load operation information, and charging operation information of the energy storage power supply have recovered from the abnormal state, the main controller obtains the charging and discharging state before the abnormality and restores the working state of the energy storage power supply according to the charging and discharging state before the abnormality. If the energy storage power supply was in the discharging state before the abnormality, the main controller first closes the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) of each inverter sub-unit and the discharge switches (K11, K12) in the discharge unit, and then closes the drive switches (Q1 and Q2) in each charging and discharging electronic unit in sequence. If the energy storage power supply was in the charging state before the abnormality, the main controller first closes the inverter switches (S1, S2, S3, S4) of each inverter sub-unit and the charging switches (K21, K22, K31, K32) in the charging unit, and then closes the drive switches (Q1 and Q2) in each charging and discharging electronic unit in sequence. The charging switch closing sequence in the charging unit is as follows: first, close the pre-charge control switch (K21, K22); after the voltage of the second filter capacitor C3 stabilizes, open the pre-charge control switch (K21, K22); and then close the charging switch (K31, K32).

[0104] This disclosure provides a protection method and circuit for an energy storage power supply. The method includes: the provided energy storage power supply includes multiple micro power units, a load unit, and a charging unit; the multiple micro power units are cascaded, and the output is controlled by multiple drive switches and multiple inverter switches in the micro power units; the micro power units, load units, and charging units are monitored to obtain power supply operation information, load operation information, and charging operation information; if the power supply operation information, load operation information, or charging operation information is abnormal, the drive switches and multiple inverter switches in the micro power units that are in operation, as well as the discharge switch in the load unit or the charging switch in the charging unit, are disconnected. This disclosure monitors the operating status of the power supply end, load end, and charging end of the energy storage power supply. If an abnormality occurs at one end of the energy storage power supply, corresponding emergency braking measures are quickly taken to prevent damage to other micro power units caused by overvoltage, overcurrent, or other faults in one micro power unit, load unit, or charging power supply, thereby improving the overall safety of the energy storage power supply and extending its service life.

[0105] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this disclosure should still be covered by the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A protection method for an energy storage power supply, applied to a protection circuit of the energy storage power supply, the protection circuit including the energy storage power supply, multiple control units, and a main controller, the energy storage power supply including multiple micro power units and a load unit, the main controller being connected to each control unit, each micro power unit, and the load unit respectively, the multiple control units being connected one-to-one with the multiple micro power units, the multiple micro power units being cascaded sequentially, the first micro power unit and the last micro power unit being circuitally connected to the load unit, each micro power unit being controlled by multiple drive switches and multiple inverter switches, the method comprising: When the energy storage power supply is in a discharging state, each micro power unit and the load unit are monitored to obtain multiple power supply operation information and load operation information. If any of the power supply operation information or the load operation information is abnormal, the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and discharge switch of the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected. If the power supply operation information and the load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches and drive switches in the micro power unit and the discharge switch in the load unit; The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature, while the load operation information includes load voltage and load current.

2. The method of protecting an energy storage power source of claim 1, wherein, If any of the power supply operation information or the load operation information is abnormal, then the drive switch operating in the corresponding micro power unit, multiple inverter switches, and the discharge switch operating in the load unit are disconnected, including: If any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, first disconnect the corresponding drive switch, then disconnect multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch; If the load operation information is abnormal, first disconnect multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch, and then disconnect the drive switch.

3. The method of protecting an energy storage power source of claim 2, wherein, If any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, first disconnect the corresponding drive switch, then disconnect multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch, including: The control unit disconnects the drive switch in the micro power unit that is in operation based on the power supply operation information; The control unit generates a power fault signal based on the power operation information and sends the power fault signal to the main controller; The main controller responds to the power failure signal and disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch to shut down the energy storage power supply.

4. The method of protecting an energy storage power supply of claim 2, wherein, If the load operation information is abnormal, first disconnect multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch, then disconnect the drive switch, including: The main controller disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch; The main controller generates a load fault signal based on the load operation information and sends the load fault signal to each control unit; Each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switches of the plurality of micro power units that are in operation, thereby shutting down the energy storage power supply.

5. The method of protecting an energy storage power source of claim 1, wherein, If the power supply operation information and the load operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches, and discharge switches in the micro power unit, including: The main controller acquires the discharge demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and discharge switches to the working state according to the discharge demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each of the drive switches to the working state according to the enable signal.

6. The method of protecting an energy storage power supply of claim 1, wherein, The energy storage power supply further includes a charging unit, with the first and last micro power units connected to the charging unit circuit. The method further includes: When the energy storage power supply is in a charging state, each micro power unit and the charging unit are monitored to obtain multiple power supply operation information and charging operation information. If any of the power supply operation information or the charging operation information is abnormal, then disconnect the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and the charging switch in the corresponding micro power unit. If the power operation information and the charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches in the micro power unit, and charging switches in the charging unit; The charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

7. The method of protecting an energy storage power source of claim 6, wherein, If any of the power supply operation information or the charging operation information is abnormal, then the drive switch, multiple inverter switches, and the charging switch of the corresponding micro power unit are disconnected, including: If any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, first disconnect the drive switch, then disconnect multiple inverter switches and the charging switch; If the charging operation information is abnormal, first disconnect the charging switch and multiple inverter switches, and then disconnect the drive switch.

8. The method of protecting an energy storage power source of claim 6, wherein, If the power operation information and the charging operation information return to normal, the main controller closes multiple inverter switches, drive switches in the micro power unit, and charging switches in the charging unit; The main controller acquires the charging demand of the energy storage power supply and sets multiple inverter switches and the charging switch to the working state according to the charging demand, and sends an enable signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the enable signal and sets each of the drive switches to the working state according to the enable signal.

9. A protection circuit for an energy storage power supply, comprising: Multiple miniature power units are configured to superimpose the output voltage of each power source to obtain the total output voltage of the power source. The output voltage of the power source is obtained by inverting the miniature power units. The load unit is configured to filter the total output voltage of the power supply to obtain a load drive voltage, and apply the load drive voltage to the load device. The charging unit is configured to charge the power supply in the micro power unit when the power supply output voltage meets a preset low voltage threshold. Multiple control units are configured to sample the voltage, current, and temperature of a corresponding micro power unit to obtain multiple power supply operation information; The main controller is configured to sample the voltage and current of the load unit and the charging unit to obtain load operation information and charging operation information. If the control unit determines that any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch or charging switch in operation through the main controller. If the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the working state of multiple micro power units through the multiple control units. If the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and the charging switch through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches that are in operation in the multiple micro power units through the multiple control units. The power supply operation information, load operation information and charging operation information of the energy storage power supply are restored from the abnormal state, and the main controller controls the energy storage power supply to restore the working state before the abnormality; The power supply operation information includes sampling voltage, sampling current, and battery temperature; the load operation information includes load voltage and load current; and the charging operation information includes charging voltage and charging current.

10. The protection circuit for an energy storage power supply of claim 9, wherein, The micro power unit includes a charge / discharge electronic unit and an inverter subunit. The charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the inverter subunit, the charge / discharge electronic unit is connected to the control unit, and the inverter subunit is connected to the main controller.

11. The protection circuit for an energy storage power supply of claim 10, wherein, If the control unit determines that any of the power supply operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding micro power unit that is in operation, and then disconnects multiple inverter switches and the discharge switch or charging switch in operation through the main controller. This includes: the control unit disconnects the drive switch in the corresponding charge / discharge electronic unit that is in operation, and generates a power fault signal according to the power supply operation information, and sends the power fault signal to the main controller. The main controller responds to the power fault signal and disconnects the inverter switch in each inverter sub-unit, the discharge switch in the load unit, or the charging switch in the charging unit.

12. The protection circuit for an energy storage power supply of claim 10, wherein, If the main controller determines that the load operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and discharge switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the multiple micro power units that are in operation through the multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switches in each inverter sub-unit and the discharge switches in the load unit, and generates a load fault signal according to the load operation information, and sends the load fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the load fault signal and disconnects the drive switches in each charge and discharge electronic unit that are in operation.

13. The protection circuit for an energy storage power supply of claim 10, wherein, If the main controller determines that the charging operation information is abnormal, it first disconnects multiple inverter switches and charging switches through the main controller, and then disconnects the drive switches in the multiple micro power units that are in operation through the multiple control units. This includes: the main controller disconnects the inverter switch in each inverter sub-unit and the charging switch in the charging unit, and generates a charging fault signal according to the charging operation information, and sends the charging fault signal to each control unit. Each control unit responds to the charging fault signal and disconnects the drive switches in each charging and discharging electronic unit that are in operation.

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