Explosion-proof leaf intended to be fitted to a door and explosion-proof door comprising at least one such leaf

Abstract

The present invention relates to an explosion-proof leaf intended to be fitted to a door (B), the explosion-proof leaf (B) extending in thickness along an axis, referred to as the axis (X) of the explosion-proof leaf (B), between two opposite outer faces (BO, B1) of the leaf (B), a front outer face (BO) liable to be exposed to a possible explosion originating from a source located on, or close to, the front outer face (BO), and a rear outer face (B1), the explosion-proof leaf further comprising a frame element (B2) able and intended to be mounted, more particularly pivotably, on the frame (D) of a door (P) so as to allow the explosion-proof leaf (B) to move in the door (P). It is characterized in that the explosion-proof leaf comprises at least one explosion-proof module (M1, M2) arranged fixedly between the front outer face (BO) and the frame element (B2) and comprising two explosion-proof panels arranged one behind the other and in contact with one another, each extending perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the leaf (B), namely a front explosion-proof panel (1) and an apertured rear explosion-proof panel (2) configured and interposed between the front explosion-proof panel (1) and the frame element (B2) in order to keep the front explosion-proof panel (1) and the frame element (B2) at a distance from one another, while being able to disperse and absorb at least a portion of the explosion energy not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the front explosion-proof panel (1). The present invention further relates to an explosion-proof door comprising at least one such explosion-proof leaf.

Description

Description Title of the invention: Explosion-proof opening for use in a door and explosion-proof door comprising at least one such opening

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of doors, particularly doors in a building or structure, designed to withstand the effects of an explosion. It relates to an explosion-proof door leaf. It also relates to an explosion-proof door comprising at least one such explosion-proof door leaf.

[0002] For high-security applications requiring doors capable of withstanding the effects of an explosion, blast-resistant doors are used, incorporating specific structures that increase their resistance to explosions. These blast-resistant doors are generally also designed to withstand various types of forced entry attempts.

[0003] The opening of such an explosion-proof door, for example mounted pivotally on the door frame, generally comprises a multi-layered structure of thick steel plates.

[0004] However, these explosion-proof doors have several drawbacks. First, the heavy weight of the door leaf, due to the thick steel plates, complicates installation and operation. Furthermore, this weight puts additional stress on the hinges and pivoting mechanisms, leading to premature wear and requiring frequent repairs, especially for doors where the leaf is frequently used for opening and closing. Another disadvantage is that, although such an explosion-proof door leaf is designed to withstand relatively high-energy blasts, it has limitations when faced with extremely violent explosions, particularly when the source of the explosion is in contact with the door leaf or in its immediate vicinity.Due to this limited resistance, the materials used in the door, particularly the opening part, deform and / or crack, thus compromising their integrity and explosion-proof performance.

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

[0006] For this purpose, the present document relates to an explosion-proof opening intended to be fitted to a door, the explosion-proof opening extending in thickness along an axis, referred to as the axis of the opening, between two opposite external faces of the explosion-proof opening, an external front face susceptible to being exposed to a possible explosion from a source located on, or near, the external front face and an external rear face and comprising a suitable frame element intended to be mounted, more particularly in a pivoting manner, on the frame of a door so as to allow the movement of the explosion-proof opening within the door, characterized in that it further comprises at least one explosion-proof module fixedly disposed between the external front face and the frame element and comprising two explosion-proof panels arranged one behind the other and in contact with each other, each extending perpendicularly to the axis of the explosion-proof opening, namely:

[0007] - a front explosion-proof panel configured to be able to disperse and absorb at least some of the energy of such an explosion,

[0008] - a rear perforated explosion-proof panel configured and interposed between the front explosion-proof panel and the chassis element to keep them apart from each other, while being able to disperse and absorb at least some of the explosion energy not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the front explosion-proof panel.

[0009] The present invention also relates to an explosion-proof door comprising at least one leaf and one frame, the leaf or each leaf, on the one hand, extending in thickness along an axis, called the axis of the leaf, between two opposite external faces of the leaf, an external front face capable of being exposed to a possible explosion from a source located on, or near, the external front face and an external rear face and, on the other hand, comprising a frame element mounted, more particularly in a pivoting manner, on the frame so as to allow movement of the leaf in the door, characterized in that the leaf or each leaf is an explosion-proof leaf according to the present invention.

[0010] The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to a preferred embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:

[0011] [Fig. 1] is a front view, external side exposed to a possible explosion, of a door according to the present invention equipped with two explosion-proof openings according to the present invention,

[0012] [Fig. 2] is a cross-sectional view of the door shown in Figure 1,

[0013] [Fig. 3] is a perspective view of the door shown in figure 1 or 2, one of whose two explosion-proof openings is shown in exploded view,

[0014] [Fig. 4] is a perspective view of a door according to the present invention, in another embodiment and of which one of the two explosion-proof openings is shown in exploded view.

[0015] The attached figures show an explosion-proof door according to the present invention comprising at least one leaf and a frame D. In such a door, each leaf is an explosion-proof leaf B (resistant to the effects of an explosion) according to the present invention.

[0016] The frame D may include a main frame consisting of vertical stiles and horizontal rails that form a rigid and stable structure. This frame is designed to support the weight of the explosion-proof sash B and may be designed to withstand the forces generated by an explosion. The frame D may be equipped with robust wall fixings that allow it to be securely anchored to the surrounding structure, for example, masonry. These fixings may include D1 fixing elements such as anchor bolts, fixing screws, and mounting plates, ensuring a secure and durable connection. The frame D may also be equipped with D2 hinges, including reinforced hinges, allowing the explosion-proof sash B to pivot.To ensure the locking of the explosion-proof sash B or each explosion-proof sash B, the frame D may include locking means designed to cooperate with a locking mechanism 50 of the explosion-proof sash B. The frame D may include additional structural reinforcements to improve its resistance to impact forces and deformation. These reinforcements. They can be integrated into the stiles and rails of the main frame. The frame D can be fitted with seals to prevent the infiltration of gas, dust, and other contaminants. These seals then contribute to the thermal and acoustic insulation of the door P.

[0017] Such a door frame D is therefore an important component of the door P which ensures the stability, safety and proper functioning of the entire structure of the door P. In the application of this application, the door frame D is more specifically designed to resist impact forces, deformations and extreme environmental conditions, thus offering optimal protection against explosions.

[0018] The explosion-proof opening B according to the present invention extends in thickness along an axis, referred to as the X-axis of the explosion-proof opening B, between two opposing external faces B0 and B1 of the explosion-proof opening B, an external front face B0 that may be exposed to a potential explosion from a source located on, or near, the external front face B0, and an external rear face B1. The explosion-proof opening B comprises a frame element B2, mounted or suitable for mounting (in a configuration not mounted in a door), more particularly in a pivoting manner, on the frame D of such a door P so as to allow movement of the explosion-proof opening B within the door P.

[0019] In this application, the term explosion-proof means / expresses (for the element concerned) in particular an opposition to all kinds of explosions including deflagrations or detonations and therefore an ability to oppose the effects of such an explosion or a resistance to the effects of such an explosion.

[0020] The frame element B2 may include a rigid plate, preferably thick for greater strength, preferably metallic or steel. In a preferred embodiment, the frame element B2 may further include hinges B3 for articulation on the frame D. These hinges B3 are designed to support the weight of the explosion-proof sash B and may preferably be designed to withstand impact or explosion forces.

[0021] In accordance with the present invention, the explosion-proof opening B further comprises at least one explosion-proof module M1, M2 against the effects of such explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2 are fixedly positioned (or interposed) between the front external face BO and the chassis element B2 to protect the latter from the effects of such an explosion. Each explosion-proof module M1, M2 comprises two explosion-proof panels, preferably rectangular in shape, positioned one behind the other and in contact with each other, each extending perpendicularly to the X-axis of the explosion-proof opening B, namely:

[0022] - a front explosion-proof panel 1 providing protection by dispersing and absorbing at least part of the energy of such an explosion,

[0023] - a rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 to provide additional protection by being inserted between the front explosion-proof panel 1 and the chassis element B2 to keep them apart from each other, while dispersing and absorbing at least part of the explosion energy, if any, not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the front explosion-proof panel 1.

[0024] These two explosion-proof panels, front 1 and rear perforated 2, of each explosion-proof module M1, M2, each possess a capacity to resist the effects of such an explosion, thus creating a barrier or shield within the explosion-proof opening B, ensuring the protection of the frame element B2. This protection preserves the structural integrity of the frame element B2 in the event of an explosion by absorbing and dispersing the energy generated by the explosion so that it does not reach, or reaches only minimally, the frame element B2. This reduces the risk of deformation or breakage of the frame element B2, thus ensuring the continued operation of the explosion-proof opening B and the door P even after an explosion. Furthermore, this protection contributes to the overall safety of the installation by minimizing potential damage and maintaining the locking and pivoting capabilities of the explosion-proof opening B.

[0025] The two explosion-proof panels 1, 2 of each explosion-proof module M1, M2, which are thus interposed between the frame element B2 and the exposed external front face B0 of the explosion-proof opening B, offer significant advantages. The front explosion-proof panel 1 disperses and absorbs part of the explosion's energy, thus greatly reducing the initial impact generated by the explosion. The rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 provides additional protection by absorbing residual energy not dispersed by the front panel 1. This two-panel configuration maximizes energy absorption and minimizes potential damage to the frame element B2 and the explosion-proof door B, thus ensuring optimal protection against explosions. Furthermore, the use of a rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 reduces the overall mass of each explosion-proof module M1, M2, and therefore of the explosion-proof door B, making it easier to move and install, while maintaining effective protection—even more effective than with current doors or doors. This rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 also allows for programmed / controlled mechanical deformation.

[0026] As can be seen in Figures 2, 3, and 4, in a preferred embodiment, the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2 may comprise a rigid plate (as in the case of the explosion-proof module M2 illustrated in Figures 2 and 3) or a superposition of at least two rigid plates, namely a front rigid plate 1a and a rear rigid plate 1b (as in the case of the explosion-proof module M1 illustrated in Figures 2, 3, and 4). Preferably, the rigid plate(s) is / are substantially solid (only holes, for example, may be provided through the rigid plate(s) to allow for their attachment). Preferably, the rigid plate(s) is / are made of steel, titanium, or aluminum sheet. Preferably, the first rigid plate 1a may be made of aluminum sheet and the second rigid plate 1b may be made of titanium sheet. These characteristics offer several advantages.First, the use of materials such as steel, titanium, or aluminum provides high resistance to impact and deformation, which is crucial for absorbing the energy of an explosion. Furthermore, a layering of rigid plates distributes the explosion's energy across multiple layers, thus increasing the energy absorption and dissipation capacity. In addition, this multi-layered configuration can help prevent perforation, as each successive layer provides an additional barrier against debris and shock waves. Finally, the use of lightweight materials like aluminum for the first rigid plate 1a also reduces the overall weight of the explosion-proof door. B, thus facilitating its installation and operation without compromising the protection offered.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment as illustrated in Annex Figures 2, 3, and 4, the rear perforated blast panel 2 of one or more of the blast modules M1, M2 may comprise a layer, or a superposition of layers, each consisting of several rigid bars or tubes, preferably made of aluminum or steel, preferably with a round, square, or rectangular cross-section, assembled in a crisscross pattern so that the layer or layers form a grid or lattice. In Annex Figures 2, 3, and 4, the rear perforated blast panel 2 of the blast module M1 shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4 comprises such a superposition of layers, while the blast module M2 shown in Figure 3 comprises such a layer.This characteristic structure, consisting of one or more layers, each in the form of a grid or lattice, allows for efficient dispersion of explosion energy thanks to the interlocking arrangement of the rigid bars or tubes 2a. This configuration distributes impact forces over a larger area, thus reducing stress concentration on a single point. Furthermore, the lattice or grid structure offers excellent energy absorption capacity, as the rigid bars or tubes 2a can deform to dissipate the explosion energy. Another significant advantage is the reduction in the overall mass of the explosion-proof door B through the use of an openwork structure. This not only facilitates the movement and installation of the explosion-proof door B, as previously discussed, but also reduces the load on the hinges and pivoting mechanisms, thereby extending their service life.Furthermore, the lattice or grid structure allows for efficient ventilation and drainage, which can be beneficial in environments where moisture or debris might otherwise accumulate. Finally, the presence of overlapping grid or lattice layers increases the distance between the chassis element B2 and the exposed external front face B0.

[0028] Furthermore, preferably, as can be seen in Figure 3, in the embodiment comprising a superposition of layers each in the form of a grid or lattice, the bars or tubes 2a of one of the grids or lattices may be offset from the bars or tubes 2a of one of the grids or lattices. The bars or tubes 2a of one or at least one of the other grids are offset. Such an offset of the bars or tubes 2a of one of the grids or lattices relative to the bars or tubes 2a of the other grid offers additional advantages. This offset increases energy dissipation capacity by creating a more complex structure that can better distribute impact forces. Indeed, when the bars or tubes are offset, the energy of the explosion is dispersed more evenly throughout the structure, thus reducing stress concentration points. Furthermore, this offset increases the overall stiffness of the lattice or grid structure, as the offset bars or tubes provide mutual support, thereby increasing resistance to deformation.Another advantage is improved shock absorption capacity, as the staggered bars or tubes can deform independently, thus absorbing the energy of the explosion more effectively. Finally, staggering the bars or tubes can also contribute to better ventilation and drainage, as the spaces between them are more evenly distributed, allowing for more efficient airflow and water drainage.

[0029] The choice of a lattice or grid structure to make the openwork rear explosion-proof panel 2 makes it possible to combine lightness, strength and energy absorption capacity, thus offering very effective protection against the effects of an explosion.

[0030] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the explosion-proof opening B that may include a single explosion-proof module M1. Figure 3 shows another embodiment in which the explosion-proof opening B may include two explosion-proof modules M1 and M2, namely a front explosion-proof module M1 and a rear explosion-proof module M2 in contact with each other. The rear explosion-proof module M2 may be configured to disperse and absorb at least a portion of the explosion energy not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the front explosion-proof module M1.

[0031] This embodiment, comprising a forward explosion-proof module M1 and a rear explosion-proof module M2 in contact with each other, offers significant advantages. The forward explosion-proof module M1 thus provides, in a sense, a robust first line of defense / protection against the effects of the explosion, and the rear explosion-proof module M2, in direct contact with the module The M1 front explosion-proof module provides a robust second line of defense / protection against the effects of the explosion that were not dispersed and / or absorbed by the M1 front explosion-proof module. This configuration of two explosion-proof modules (M1, M2) allows for two-stage dispersion and / or dissipation of energy, thus maximizing the effectiveness of the protection for the explosion-proof opening B.

[0032] The (single) explosion-proof module M1 of Figure 4 can be the same as the front explosion-proof module M1 of Figures 2 and 3. The present invention can also provide that these explosion-proof modules M1 are different in the configuration with one (single) explosion-proof module and in the configuration with two explosion-proof modules, for example the (single) explosion-proof module in a configuration with a single explosion-proof module can be the same as the rear explosion-proof module in a configuration with two explosion-proof modules.

[0033] This configuration of the explosion-proof opening B, with a single explosion-proof module (Figure 4) or multiple explosion-proof modules M1 and M2, including two explosion-proof modules M1 and M2 (front and rear, Figures 2 and 3) positioned between the explosion source and the frame element B2 of the explosion-proof opening B, offers multiple possibilities. It allows for effective dispersion and / or absorption of the explosion energy upstream of the frame element or any load-bearing and / or reinforcing / stiffening structure of the explosion-proof opening B, reducing the risk of damage to the frame element B2 and therefore to the explosion-proof opening B. Furthermore, this configuration minimizes stress concentration points and improves the overall strength of the explosion-proof opening B.Furthermore, the use of perforated structures (such as grid or lattice patterns) reduces the overall mass of the explosion-proof door panel B, thus facilitating its movement and installation while maintaining effective protection. Reducing the mass of the explosion-proof door panel B also limits the pressure on the hinges and pivoting mechanisms of door P, reducing premature wear.

[0034] Referring to Figure 4, we can see that chassis element B2 is designed to be fixed, using screws V, to the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the single explosion-proof module M1, specifically to the two plates 1a, 1b of the front explosion-proof panel 1, each of which may have fixing holes. for this purpose. It can also be seen that the rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 is designed to be gripped and clamped between the chassis element B2 and the front explosion-proof panel 1. The screws or other fasteners V can be designed to pass through the mesh of the rear perforated explosion-proof panel 2 and screw into the fixing holes of the plates 1 a, 1 b.

[0035] Referring to Figure 3, we can see that chassis element B2 is designed to be attached, using V-bolts, to the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the rear explosion-proof module M2, specifically to the plate of the front explosion-proof panel 1, which may have mounting holes for this purpose. We can also see that the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the rear explosion-proof module M2 is designed to be attached, using V-bolts, to the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the front explosion-proof module M1, specifically to the two plates 1a and 1b of the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the front explosion-proof module M1, each of which may have mounting holes for this purpose. The perforated rear explosion-proof panel 2 can be held securely in place by being gripped and clamped between the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the front explosion-proof module M1 and the front explosion-proof panel 1 of the rear explosion-proof module M2.

[0036] Such an explosion-proof opening B according to the present invention thus combines the advantages of energy absorption, mass reduction, and improved structural strength. It maximizes protection against the effects of an explosion and the durability of the frame element B, and therefore of the explosion-proof opening B and the door P.

[0037] Furthermore, preferably, as can be seen in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the explosion-proof opening B may also include an external front facing 3 extending perpendicularly to the X-axis of the explosion-proof opening B, the external front face of which forms the exposed external front face B0 of the explosion-proof opening B. In addition, the explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2 are positioned between the external facing 3 and the frame element B2. Such an external front facing 3 contributes, in particular, to the aesthetics and finish of the explosion-proof opening B. It can also serve as a support for and / or protection for additional functional layers, such as fire-resistant or thermal insulation materials, extending in particular in front of the explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2 so that these layers are not in direct contact with the outside.

[0038] Furthermore, Figures 2, 3, and 4 also show that the explosion-proof opening B can further include a thermal insulation panel 4 extending perpendicularly to the X-axis of the explosion-proof opening B between the exposed front external face B0, the external facing 3 if applicable, and the explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2. The thermal insulation panel 4 provides the explosion-proof opening B with additional protection, namely thermal protection. Given its position in front of the explosion-proof module(s) M1, M2, this thermal insulation panel 4 isolates them, as well as the frame element B2, from the heat generated by a fire, regardless of any potential explosion. This thermal insulation prevents damage caused by high temperatures, which can weaken the materials and compromise the structural integrity of the explosion-proof opening B.The heat-insulating panel 4 also contributes to the overall safety of the door P by reducing the risk of heat spreading to other parts of the explosion-proof opening B and the door P. By absorbing and dissipating heat, the heat-insulating panel 4 helps to maintain lower temperatures inside the explosion-proof opening B.

[0039] Referring again to Figures 2, 3, and 4, we can see that the explosion-proof door B can include a locking frame 5 with a locking mechanism 50 for the explosion-proof door B. The locking frame 5 can be positioned between the frame element B2 and the external rear face B1 of the explosion-proof door B. Preferably, such a locking frame can be tray-shaped and can contain the frame element B2 within it. This locking frame is designed to house and secure the locking mechanism 50. It ensures the stability and security of the door P by allowing the various locking points to be securely anchored.

[0040] Preferably, as can be seen in Figure 2, the explosion-proof opening B can be configured to form a rebate F. To obtain the rebate, preferably, at least a part of the explosion-proof module or modules M1, M2 can be larger than the locking frame 5.

[0041] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, particularly with regard to the composition of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the explosion-proof scope of the invention.

Claims

Demands

1. Explosion-proof opening (B) intended to be fitted to a door (B), the explosion-proof opening (B) extending in thickness along an axis, referred to as the axis (X) of the explosion-proof opening (B), between two opposing external faces (BO, B1) of the opening (B), an external front face (BO) capable of being exposed to a possible explosion from a source located on, or near, the external front face (BO) and an external rear face (B1) and comprising a frame element (B2) suitable and intended to be mounted, more particularly in a pivoting manner, on the frame (D) of a door (P) so as to allow movement of the opening (B) in the door (P), characterized in that it further comprises at least one explosion-proof module (M1,M2) fixedly positioned between the front external face (BO) and the chassis element (B2) and comprising two explosion-proof panels arranged one behind the other and in contact with each other, each extending perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the opening (B), namely:, - a front explosion-proof panel (1) configured to be able to disperse and absorb at least some of the energy of such an explosion, - a rear perforated explosion-proof panel (2) configured and interposed between the front explosion-proof panel (1) and the chassis element (B2) to keep the latter away from each other, while being able to disperse and absorb at least some of the explosion energy not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the front explosion-proof panel (1).

2. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the front explosion-proof panel (1) of the or at least one of the explosion-proof module(s) (M1, M2) comprises a rigid plate or a superposition of at least two substantially solid rigid plates, namely a front rigid plate (1a) and a rear rigid plate (1b), preferably the or each rigid plate is a sheet of steel or titanium or aluminum.

3. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to claim 2, characterized in that the first rigid plate (1 a) is an aluminium sheet and the second rigid plate (1 b) is a titanium sheet.

4. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rear explosion-proof panel openwork (2) of the or at least one of the explosion-proof module(s) includes a layer, or a superposition of layers, each consisting of several rigid bars or tubes, preferably of aluminium or steel, preferably of round, square or rectangular cross-section, assembled by being interlaced so that the or each layer forms a grid or lattice.

5. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to claim 4, characterized in that the, or at least part of the, bars or tubes (2a) of one of the two grids or lattice(s) are offset from the, or at least part of the, bars or tubes (2a) of the other or at least one of the other grid(s) or lattice(s).

6. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a front explosion-proof module (M1) and a rear explosion-proof module (M2) in contact with each other, the rear explosion-proof module (M2) being configured to be able to disperse and absorb at least a part of the explosion energy not dispersed and / or not absorbed by the rear protection module (M1).

7. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises an external front facing (3) extending perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the explosion-proof opening (B) and the external front face of the external front facing (3) forms the exposed external front face (BO) of the explosion-proof opening (B) and in that the explosion-proof module(s) (M1, M2) are arranged between the external facing (3) and the frame element (B2).

8. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises a heat-insulating panel (4) extending perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the explosion-proof opening (B) between the exposed front external face (BO), where applicable the external facing (3), and the explosion-proof module(s) (M1, M2).

9. Explosion-proof opening (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a locking frame (5) having a locking mechanism (50) for the explosion-proof opening (B), the locking frame (5) being disposed between the chassis element (B2) and the external rear face (B1) of the explosion-proof opening (B).

10. Explosion-proof door (P) comprising at least one leaf and one frame (D), the leaf or each leaf, on the one hand, extending in thickness along an axis, called the axis (X) of the leaf, between two opposite external faces (BO, B1) of the leaf, an external front face (B0) capable of being exposed to a possible explosion from a source located on, or near, the external front face (B0) and an external rear face (B1) and, on the other hand, comprising a frame element (B2) mounted, more particularly pivotally, on the frame (D) so as to allow movement of the leaf in the door (P), characterized in that the leaf or each leaf is an explosion-proof leaf (B) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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