Heterocyclic compound, material for metal patterning, thin film for metal patterning, organic electroluminescent element, electronic device, and method for forming metal pattern

Abstract

The present invention provides: a heterocyclic compound which is capable of suppressing, at a high level, the formation of a metal thin film on a film surface; a material for metal patterning, which contains the heterocyclic compound; a thin film for metal patterning, which uses the material for metal patterning; an organic electroluminescent element; a method for forming a metal pattern; and an electronic device.　The heterocyclic compound includes, for example, a compound represented by formula (A2). In formula (A2), R1 and R2 are each independently any one of formulae (4-1) to (4-6), and the symbol * represents a bond.

Description

Heterocyclic compounds, materials for metal patterning, thin films for metal patterning, organic electroluminescent elements, electronic devices, and methods for forming metal patterns.

[0001] This disclosure relates to heterocyclic compounds, materials for metal patterning, thin films for metal patterning, organic electroluminescent elements, electronic devices, and methods for forming metal patterns.

[0002] In recent years, organic electronic devices such as organic electroluminescent (EL) elements, organic thin-film solar cells, organic transistors, and organic sensors have been widely developed. Organic electronic devices use thin metal films as electrodes, but these thin films need to be patterned into the desired shape.

[0003] One known method for patterning metal electrodes involves forming a patterned film using a metal patterning material with suppressed metal adhesion as a base layer, and then depositing the metal onto this base layer. In this method, a metal film is selectively formed in areas where the metal patterning material has not been deposited, making it possible to form metal electrodes patterned to a desired shape.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for patterning magnesium metal using an anthracene derivative as a material for metal patterning.

[0005] However, with the method described in Patent Document 1, it was difficult to form a pattern while suppressing the adhesion of metal to areas other than the desired location with high precision. Furthermore, patterning with metals other than magnesium is difficult with the compound described in Reference Document 1.

[0006] International Publication No. 2020 / 225778

[0007] One aspect of this disclosure is aimed at providing heterocyclic compounds, materials for metal patterning, thin films for metal patterning, organic electroluminescent elements, methods for forming metal patterns, and electronic devices, which are expected to be able to suppress the formation of various metal thin films on film surfaces with higher precision than conventional methods.

[0008] As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found a heterocyclic compound and a metal patterning material using the heterocyclic compound, which will be described later, and have completed the present invention. This disclosure includes the following embodiments.

[0009] [1] A heterocyclic compound represented by the following formula (A2). In formula (A2), Z １ , Z ２ each independently represents a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and G １ , G ２ each independently represents C-(X １０１ ), N-(X ｅ ), N-(X １０１ ), S, SO ｅ , O or a single bond, L ２ represents C-(X １ ), N-(X １０１ ), S, SO ｅ , O, or a single bond, e represents an integer of 0 to 3, a and b each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3, c represents an integer of 0 to 2, and d represents an integer of 1 to 4. X １０１ represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, a monovalent heteroaromatic group having 3 to 26 carbon atoms, a monocyclic, linked or fused ring which may be substituted, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted, a cyclic monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted, a cyclic monovalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1), and R ｅ , R ２ are each independently any of the following formulas (4-1) to (4-6): １０１ In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R １ to R ２ are each independently any of the following formulas (4-1) to (4-6): In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R ４０１ to R ４０９Each of these independently represents a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom; a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom; a monocyclic, linking, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linking, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1); * represents a bond. In formula (B1), L ２ Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with O, S, or fluorine atoms, or a vinylene group which may be substituted with fluorine and may form a ring, each independently representing an integer from 0 to 4, each independently representing an integer from 1 to 4, １ Each of these independently represents a 1- to 2-valent group with 1 or more carbon atoms containing three or more fluorine atoms. In formula (4-1), R ４０１ and R ４０２ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-2) to (4-3), R ４０３ ~R ４０５ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-4) to (4-6), R ４０６ ~R ４０９ At least one of the substituents is represented by formula (B1), and * represents a bond.

[0010] [2] R in equation (A2) １ , R ２ However, each is independently represented by the heterocyclic compounds described in [1], which are shown by the following formulas (6-1) to (6-20). In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４９Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a monocyclic, linked, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted, a monocyclic, linked, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted, a monocyclic, linked, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted, or a substituent represented by formula (B1); L ６０１ ~L ６２６ Each independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond; L ７０１ ~L ７２６ Each independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond; p and q each independently represent an integer from 0 to 11; * represents a bond; and X each independently represents a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.

[0011] [3] In formula (A2), Z １ Z ２ The heterocyclic compound described in [1] or [2], wherein each is independently a chain-like di-tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group given by a compound selected from the group consisting of (a) methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, and henicosane.

[0012] [4] In formula (A2), Z １ and Z ２The heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the substituent has substituents, and each substituent is independently composed of one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or substituents thereof.

[0013] [5] In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R ４０１ ~R ４０９ And, in equations (6-1) to (6-26), R ５０６ ~R ５４９However, each independently may be: (a) a hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, fluorine atom, bromine atom, or chlorine atom; (b) a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, possibly substituted with a fluorine atom, selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, adamantane, diamantane, and norbornene; (c) a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group, possibly substituted with a fluorine atom, selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptaxy, octoxy, nonoxy, and dedecoxy; (d) a monocyclic, linking, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted. (e) One or more substituted monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. (f) A heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [4], which is a monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole, or a substituent represented by formula (B1) above.

[0014] [6] X １０１However, each independently, (g) monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon groups selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, and groups in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups, (h) Pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole, as well as monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic groups selected from the group consisting of these groups, in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups. (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, adamantane, diamantane, and norbornene; (j) a cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-dioxin, 1,4-dithiane, 4,4'-bipiperidine, diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, or (k) A heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the substituent is represented by formula (B1).

[0015] [7] In formula (A2), X １０１The heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the substituent has substituents, and each substituent is independently composed of one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or substituents thereof.

[0016] [8] L １ However, each independently, (l) a monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, (m) One or more monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent heteroaromatic groups selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole; (n) A cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, norbornene, and cyclohexane; (o) A cyclic divalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-dioxin, 1,4-dithiane, 4,4'-bipiperidine, diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, or (p) N-(X１０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ A heterocyclic compound according to any of [1] to [7], wherein O is , or .

[0017] [9] L １ The heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein each substituent has a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted heteroaromatic group, a substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, and these substituents are independently a methyl group, a methoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a C2-C10 alkyl group, a fluorine atom, a phenyl group, a biphenylyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a pyrazyl group, a triazyl group, an indolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or a substituent selected from the group consisting of these substituents.

[0018]

[10] A heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to [9], having two or more substituents represented by formula (B1) in the molecule.

[0019]

[11] A material for metal patterning containing a heterocyclic compound as described in any of [1] to

[10] .

[0020]

[12] A thin film for metal patterning that comprises a heterocyclic compound according to any of [1] to

[10] , or a metal patterning material according to

[11] , and is capable of patterning a metal film or a metal multilayer film, wherein the metal film or the metal multilayer film contains one or more metals selected from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals.

[0021]

[13] A thin film for metal patterning according to

[12] , wherein the water contact angle is 90° or more.

[0022]

[14] An organic electroluminescent element comprising a cathode, wherein the cathode contains one or more metals selected from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals, and is patterned with the metal patterning material described in

[11] , and comprises a heterocyclic compound described in any of [1] to

[10] , or the metal patterning material described in

[11] .

[0023]

[15] A method for forming a metal pattern, comprising the steps of: forming an organic material pattern using a heterocyclic compound according to any one of [1] to

[10] or a metal patterning material according to

[11] ; and applying a metal material to the area where the organic material pattern is formed and the area where the organic material pattern is not formed, thereby forming a metal pattern in the area where the pattern is not formed.

[0024]

[16] Electronic device comprising a heterocyclic compound according to any of [1] to

[10] , or a metal patterning material according to

[11] .

[0025] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a novel heterocyclic compound can be provided. Furthermore, according to one aspect of this disclosure, a novel metal patterning material, a thin film for metal patterning, an organic electroluminescent element, a method for forming a metal pattern, and an electronic device can be provided, which are expected to suppress the formation of a thin metal film on the film surface.

[0026] This figure shows the results of the transmittance measurement for Example 1-2. This figure shows the results of the transmittance measurement for Comparative Example 0. This figure shows the results of the transmittance measurement for Comparative Example 1. This figure shows the results of the transmittance measurement for Reference Example 1. This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of an organic electroluminescent element. This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the cathode patterning layer in Figure 1. This is a schematic top view showing an example of the configuration of the cathode patterning layer in Figure 1.

[0027] The following describes in detail a heterocyclic compound, a material for metal patterning, a thin film for metal patterning, an organic electroluminescent element, an electronic device, and a method for forming a metal pattern according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0028] [First Embodiment: Heterocyclic Compounds] The first embodiment relates to heterocyclic compounds represented by the following formula (A2). In formula (A2), Z １ Z ２ Each of these independently represents a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In formula (A2), G １ G ２ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) ２ , N-(X １０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ , represents O or a single bond. In formula (A2), L １ is N-(X １０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ , represents O, or a single bond. In formula (A2), R １ , R ２ Each of these can be expressed independently by one of the following equations (4-1) to (4-6), where * represents a combination: In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R ４０１ ~R ４０９ Each of these independently represents a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom; a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom; a monocyclic, linked, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linked, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linked, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1): In formula (B1), L ２ Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with O, S, or fluorine atoms, or a vinylene group which may be substituted with fluorine and may form a ring. Each f independently represents an integer from 0 to 4. Each g independently represents an integer from 1 to 4. １Each of these independently represents a 1- to 2-valent substituent with 1 or more carbon atoms containing three or more fluorine atoms. In formula (4-1), R ４０１ and R ４０２ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-2) to (4-3), R ４０３ ~R ４０５ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-4) to (4-6), R ４０６ ~R ４０９ At least one of the substituents is represented by formula (B1); in formula (A2), a and b each independently represent an integer from 1 to 3; c represents an integer from 0 to 2; and d represents an integer from 1 to 4. １０１ This represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, a monovalent heteroaromatic group having 3 to 26 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, a chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a cyclic monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, a cyclic monovalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituent represented by formula (B1).

[0029] [Preferred embodiment of formula (B1)] In the above formula (B1), Rf １ It is preferable that the proportion of carbon atoms directly bonded to fluorine atoms among the carbon atoms forming the compound is 30% or more. More preferably, this proportion is 40% or more, even more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 60% or more, and particularly preferably 70% or more.

[0030] Rf １ The molecular structure represented by Rf is not particularly limited and may be linear, branched, or cyclic. １Examples of molecular structures that provide this include linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups, or linear, branched, or cyclic alkenyl groups. The cyclic alkyl groups or cyclic alkenyl groups include those in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a cyclic carbon atom is substituted with an alkyl group or alkenyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group or alkenyl group bonded to the cyclic carbon atom is preferably 1 to 6. Such cyclic alkyl groups or cyclic alkenyl groups may be monovalent groups formed when one hydrogen atom bonded to a cyclic carbon atom is removed, or they may be monovalent groups formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkyl group or alkenyl group bonded to the cyclic carbon atom (i.e., cycloalkylalkyl groups, cycloalkylalkenyl groups, cycloalkenylalkyl groups, or cycloalkenylalkenyl groups).

[0031] Rf １ When the substituent is a fluoroalkyl group, examples of alkyl groups that give the fluoroalkyl group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, alkyl groups structurally isomers of these alkyl groups, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl, and adamantyl groups. Of these groups, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, alkyl groups structurally isomers of these alkyl groups, and cyclohexyl groups are preferred in terms of their excellent metal patterning performance. In this specification, the phrase "giving (~ group)" refers to the structural elements that constitute each substituent (~ group), and each element does not necessarily have to be a raw material for the synthesis of each substituent.

[0032] Rf １When the group is a fluoroalkoxy group, examples of alkoxy groups that give the fluoroalkoxy group include alkoxy groups in which the alkyl group that gives the aforementioned fluoroalkyl group is bonded to the oxygen atom. Among these alkoxy groups, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, or alkyl groups structurally isomers of these alkyl groups are bonded to the oxygen atom are preferred in terms of their excellent metal patterning performance.

[0033] Rf １ When is a fluoroalkenyl group, examples of alkenyl groups that give the fluoroalkenyl group include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 1-pentinyl group, 1-hexenyl group, alkenyl groups structurally isomerized from these alkenyl groups, 1-cyclopropenyl group, 1-cyclobutenyl group, 1-cyclopentinyl group, 1-cyclohexyl group, and cycloalkenyl groups structurally isomerized from these cycloalkenyl groups. Among these groups, vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 1-pentinyl group, 1-hexenyl group, alkenyl groups structurally isomerized from these alkenyl groups, 1-cyclopentinyl group, and 1-cyclohexyl group are preferred in terms of their excellent metal patterning performance.

[0034] Rf １ When the group is a fluoroalkenyloxy group, examples of alkenyloxy groups that give the fluoroalkenyloxy group include alkenyloxy groups in which the aforementioned alkenyl group that gives the fluoroalkenyl group is bonded to an oxygen atom. Among these alkenyloxy groups, those that exhibit excellent metal patterning performance include alkenyloxy groups in which a vinyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 1-pentinyl group, a 1-hexenyl group, an alkenyl group structurally isomerized from these alkenyl groups, a 1-cyclopentinyl group, or a 1-cyclohexyl group is bonded to an oxygen atom.

[0035] Rf １More preferably, each independently contains three or more fluorine atoms, including methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, alkyl groups structurally isomerized from these alkyl groups, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, 1-methylcyclopentyl group, cyclopentylmethyl group, cyclohexyl group, and adamantyl group.

[0036] In formula (B1), L ２ Since the formation of a metal film on the film surface can be suppressed, it is more preferable that each of these groups be independently a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, n-heptylene group, n-octylene group, and alkylene groups, cyclopropylene group, cyclobutylene group, cyclopentylene group, 1-methylpentylene group, cyclopentylmethyl group, cyclohexylene group, and adamantanediyl group that are structurally isomers of these alkylene groups, or a vinylene group that may form a ring.

[0037] In formula (B1), each f is independently preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2. Each g is independently preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2. The number of carbon atoms in the structure represented by formula (B1) is preferably 1 to 36, more preferably 1 to 30, even more preferably 1 to 24, even more preferably 1 to 20, and particularly preferably 1 to 16. It is particularly more preferably 2 to 16.

[0038] In formula (A2), it is preferable to have two or more substituents represented by formula (B1) in the molecule, as this makes it easier to suppress the formation of a metal film on the film surface and provides excellent adhesion to the organic film.

[0039] [Specific examples of formula (B1)] Formula (B1) can take the following structures, for example, as shown in (AAA1) to (AAA126). The asterisk (*) used in the following structures represents a bonding site.

[0040]

[0041]

[0042]

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] [Z １ 、Z ２ 's preferred embodiment] In formula (A2), Z １ 、Z ２ each independently represents a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0049] Z １ 、Z ２ As the compound that gives a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, icosane, heneicosane, eicosane are preferred.

[0050] Z １ 、Z ２ As the compound that gives a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane are more preferred.

[0051] Z １ 、Z ２ As the compound that gives a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane are even more preferred.

[0052] Z １ 、Z ２Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane are even more preferred as compounds that give a straight chain of divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups represented by .

[0053] Z １ Z ２ Methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane are more preferably used as compounds that give a straight-chain divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by .

[0054] Z １ Z ２ As compounds that give a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , ethane, propane, and butane are particularly preferred.

[0055] In formula (A2), Z １ Z ２ Each of these compounds is preferably divalent to trivalent, and more preferably divalent.

[0056] Also, Z １ and Z ２ Preferably, the substituent has substituents, and each substituent is independently composed of one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or substituents thereof.

[0057] [G １ G ２ Preferred embodiment: In formula (A2), G １ G ２ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) ２ , N-(X １０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ , represents an O or single bond. G １ G ２ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) ２ , N-(X １０１ ) ２ S or O is preferred. G １ G２ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) ２ , N-(X １０１ ) ２ , or O is more preferable. G １ G ２ Each of them independently is N-(X １０１ ) ２ , or O is even more preferable. G １ G ２ Each of them is independent of N(X) １０１ ) ２ That is particularly preferable.

[0058] [X １０１ Preferred embodiment: In the above formula (A2), X １０１ Each of these independently represents: a monocyclic, linked, or fused monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, which may be substituted; a monocyclic, linked, or fused monovalent heteroaromatic group having 3 to 26 carbon atoms, which may be substituted; a chain-like monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted; a cyclic monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted; a cyclic monovalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted; a hydrogen atom; a deuterium atom; or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1).

[0059] X １０１ As the monocyclic, linked, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by , a structure in which phenyl or multiple benzene rings are linked or fused is preferred.

[0060] X １０１ Compounds that give monocyclic, linking, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon groups represented by the above are, independently, benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, dibenzochrysene, and more preferably compounds in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups.

[0061] X １０１Compounds that give monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon groups represented by the formula are, independently, benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, dibenzochrysene, and more preferably compounds in which benzene or naphthalene is fused to these groups.

[0062] X １０１ The compounds that give monocyclic, linking, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon groups represented by are, independently, benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, which are even more preferred.

[0063] X １０１ The compounds that give monocyclic, linking, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon groups represented by are, independently, particularly preferred: benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, benzochrysene, and triptycene.

[0064] X １０１ The following compounds are preferred as those that give the chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , independently of each other: methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, and eicocane.

[0065] X １０１As compounds that give a chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and hexadecane are more preferred, each independently.

[0066] X １０１ The compounds that give the chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by are, independently, methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane, which are even more preferred.

[0067] X １０１ The compounds that give the chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by are, independently, methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, and undecane, which are even more preferred.

[0068] X １０１ As compounds that give a chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane are more preferably selected independently.

[0069] X １０１ Among the compounds that give the chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, pentane, and hexane are particularly preferred, each independently.

[0070] X １０１ The compounds that give the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by are, independently, adamantane, diamantane, norbornene, cycloheptane, and cyclohexane, respectively.

[0071] X １０１ Among the compounds that give the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , adamantane, norbornene, cycloheptane, and cyclohexane are more preferred, each independently.

[0072] X １０１Among the compounds that give the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by , adamantane, cycloheptane, and cyclohexane are more preferably, independently.

[0073] X １０１ The monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by the monocyclic, linked, or fused ring has 6 to 26 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 6 to 18, even more preferably 6 to 14, and even more preferably 6 to 12.

[0074] X １０１ The chain-like aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by has 1 to 18 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 16, more preferably 1 to 14, even more preferably 1 to 12, and even more preferably 1 to 10.

[0075] X １０１ The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by has 3 to 18 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 3 to 16, more preferably 3 to 14, even more preferably 3 to 12, and even more preferably 3 to 10.

[0076] [X １０１ Preferred embodiment of substituents: In the above formula (A2), X １０１ If (at least one of) has a substituent, the substituent (hereinafter referred to as "X") １０１ The substituents are referred to as "substituents of". Preferably, each of these groups is independently a linear, branched (branched chain), or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent (structure) represented by the above formula (B1), or a structure in which these groups are further substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of these groups (substituents).

[0077] The aforementioned X １０１Examples of substituents include, independently, methyl group, methoxy group, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, C2-C10 alkyl group, cyano group, deuterium atom, fluorine atom, phenyl group, biphenylyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrazyl group, triazyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, thiazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, substituents represented by the above formula (B1), and structures in which these groups are further substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of these groups.

[0078] The aforementioned X １０１ Preferably, the substituents are independently one or more groups selected from the group consisting of these groups, such as a methyl group, methoxy group, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, C2-C10 alkyl group, fluorine atom, phenyl group, biphenylyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrazyl group, triazyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, thiazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, substituents represented by the above formula (B1), or a structure in which these groups are further substituted.

[0079] The aforementioned X １０１ More preferably, the substituents are independently a methyl group, a methoxy group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a C2-C10 alkyl group, a fluorine atom, a phenyl group, a biphenylyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a pyrazyl group, a triazyl group, or a substituent represented by formula (B1), or one or more groups selected from the group consisting of these groups, in which the groups are further substituted.

[0080] The aforementioned X １０１More preferably, the substituents are independently one or more groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C2-C10 alkyl, fluorine, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazyl, triazyl, substituents represented by formula (B1) above, or these groups, and these groups are further substituted.

[0081] [L １ Preferred embodiment: In formula (A2), L １ is C - (X １０１ ) e, N-(X １０１ ) ｅ , S, SO ２ , represents O, or a single bond. In formula (A2), L １ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) e, N-(X １０１ ) e, S, SO ２ O is preferred. L １ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) e, N-(X １０１ e, S, and O are more preferable. １ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) e, N-(X １０１ ) e, O is even more preferable. L １ Each of them independently, C - (X １０１ ) e, N-(X １０１ )e is even more preferable.

[0082] L １Each of these independently comprises one or more monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups selected from the group consisting of (l) benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, (m) One or more monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent heteroaromatic groups selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole; (n) A cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, norbornene, and cyclohexane; (o) A cyclic divalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-dioxin, 1,4-dithiane, 4,4'-bipiperidine, diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, or (p) N-(X １０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ It is preferable that it be , or O.

[0083] [R １ , R ２ Preferred embodiment

[0084] In equation (A2), R １ , R ２ Because these factors tend to suppress the formation of metal films on the film surface and exhibit excellent adhesion to organic films, the following formulas (6-1) to (6-20) are preferred, independently of each other.

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４９ Each of these independently represents a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom; a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom; a monocyclic, linked, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linked, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linked, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1).

[0089] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４９Each of these independently comprises: (a) a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom selected from the group consisting of: (a) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom; (b) a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom selected from the group consisting of: methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, decane, adamantane, diamantane, or norbornene; (c) a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom selected from the group consisting of: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptaxy, octoxy, nonoxy, or decoxy; (d) a monocyclic, linking, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted. (e) A monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, selected from one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. (f) Preferably, the substituent is a substituted C3 to C25 monocyclic, linking ring, or fused ring heteroaromatic group selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole, or a substituent represented by formula (B1) above.

[0090] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６Preferably, each of these groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a phenyl group which may be substituted with fluorine, a naphthyl group which may be substituted with fluorine, a pyridyl group which may be substituted with fluorine, a pyrimidyl group which may be substituted with fluorine, or a triazyl group.

[0091] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６ It is more preferable that each of these independently be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a fluorine-substituted phenyl group, a fluorine-substituted pyridyl group, or a fluorine-substituted pyrimidyl group.

[0092] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６ It is even more preferable that each of these independently be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a fluorine-substituted phenyl group, a fluorine-substituted pyridyl group, or a fluorine-substituted pyrimidyl group.

[0093] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６ It is even more preferable that each of these independently be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a fluorine-substituted phenyl group, or a fluorine-substituted pyridyl group.

[0094] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６It is more preferable that each of these independently be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methoxy group, or a pyridyl group which may be substituted with fluorine.

[0095] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４６ It is more particularly preferred that each of these independently be a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a pyridyl group which may be substituted with fluorine.

[0096] In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), L ６０１ ~L ６２６ Each of these independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond. ６０１ ~L ６２６ Each of these is preferably an oxygen atom or a single bond, independently of the others.

[0097] L ７０１ ~L ７２６ Each of these independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond. ７０１ ~L ７２６ Each of these is preferably independently a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, or a single bond.

[0098] In equations (6-1) to (6-20), p and q each independently represent integers from 0 to 11. Preferably, p and q are each independently integers from 0 to 10. More preferably, p and q are each independently integers from 0 to 9. Even more preferably, p and q are each independently integers from 0 to 8. * represents a combination.

[0099] In equations (6-1) to (6-20), X independently represents either a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.

[0100] [Preferred forms of a, b, c, d, e] In formula (A2), a and b each independently represent an integer from 1 to 3. a and b each independently are preferably 1 or 2. In formula (A2), c each independently represents an integer from 0 to 2. c each independently is preferably 0 or 1. In formula (A2), d each independently represents an integer from 1 to 4. d each independently is preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 to 2. In formula (A2), e represents an integer from 0 to 3. In formula (A2), e is preferably 0 to 2.

[0101] [Metal Patterning Material] A metal patterning material according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a material that includes a complex compound represented by formula (A2) and can form a thin film, and has the effect of suppressing the formation of a metal thin film on the film surface. In addition, other organic molecular materials or polymers may be added to the metal patterning material as desired, to the extent that the formation of a metal film on the film surface is suppressed.

[0102] There are no particular limitations on the type of metallic material to be patterned, but alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, or Group 13 metals of the periodic table are preferred, and examples include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, palladium, molybdenum, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, tin, and chromium, as well as alloys and salts containing one or more of these metals. Examples of alloys include magnesium-silver alloys, magnesium-indium alloys, magnesium-aluminum alloys, indium-silver alloys, lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-magnesium alloys, lithium-indium alloys, and calcium-aluminum alloys, and an example of a salt is lithium fluoride.

[0103] [Specific examples of compounds represented by (A2) above] Examples of compounds represented by (A2) above, which are metal patterning materials according to one aspect of this disclosure, include the compounds of the following formulas (Z1) to (Z121), but this disclosure is not limited to these compounds.

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] [Thin film for metal patterning] A thin film for metal patterning according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a thin film for metal patterning that includes the metal patterning material and can pattern a metal film or a metal laminate.

[0120] The metal patterning material includes a compound represented by formula (A2), and the metal film or metal laminate contains one or more metals from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals. The metal patterning material included in the thin film for metal patterning is the same as the metal patterning material mentioned above, which includes the aforementioned compound. A magnesium alloy or a silver alloy is preferred as the alloy included in the metal film or metal laminate.

[0121] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the water contact angles of the thin film for metal patterning are more preferably 90° or more, 91° or more, 92° or more, 93° or more, 94° or more, 95° or more, 96° or more, 97° or more, 98° or more, 99° or more, and 100° or more, in that order.

[0122] [Organic Electroluminescent Element] An organic electroluminescent element according to one aspect of the present disclosure is an organic electroluminescent element comprising a cathode, wherein the cathode contains one or more metals selected from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals, and is patterned with a metal patterning material, the metal patterning material comprising a compound represented by formula (A2). As an organic electroluminescent element, the same metal patterning material as described above is used for patterning, wherein the metal patterning material used for patterning comprises a compound represented by formula (A2).

[0123] [Method for Forming Metal Patterns] A method for forming metal patterns according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the steps of: forming an organic material pattern using the metal patterning material described above; and applying a metal material to the area where the organic material pattern is formed and the area where the organic material pattern is not formed, thereby forming a metal pattern in the area where the organic material pattern is not formed. The metal patterning material is used by forming a film on areas where the adhesion of the metal material is to be suppressed. The areas where the adhesion of the metal material is to be suppressed correspond to the area where the organic material pattern is formed. Areas other than those where the adhesion of the metal material is to be suppressed correspond to areas where the organic material pattern is not formed. The areas where the organic material pattern is not formed are areas where the adhesion of the metal material is to be promoted and where a metal pattern is to be formed.

[0124] There are no particular restrictions on the method for forming the organic material pattern (film deposition method). For example, known methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, dip coating, die coating, barcode coating, offset coating, spray coating, inkjet coating, screen coating, flexographic coating, gravure coating, and microcontact coating can be applied. The film may also be annealed at a temperature higher than room temperature after deposition. There are no particular restrictions on the film thickness of the organic material pattern.

[0125] Furthermore, other organic molecular materials or polymers may be added to the metal patterning material as desired, to the extent that the formation of a metal film on the film surface is suppressed. The substrate on which the organic material pattern is formed may be metal or nonmetal, and examples include organic films, metal films, oxide films, inorganic films, etc., and there are no particular restrictions. Also, there are no particular restrictions on the material of the substrate, and glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, and any other material can be used.

[0126] When the substrate for forming the organic material pattern is an organic film, examples of organic films that can be used include tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum derivatives, imidazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, phosphole derivatives, silole derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, and the like. When forming a metal pattern using a metal patterning material, there are no particular restrictions on the type of metal material, but alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and Group 13 metals of the periodic table are preferred, and alloys containing one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, palladium, molybdenum, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, tin, chromium, and these metals are more preferred. Examples of such alloys include magnesium-silver alloys, magnesium-indium alloys, magnesium-aluminum alloys, indium-silver alloys, lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-magnesium alloys, lithium-indium alloys, calcium-aluminum alloys, and the like.

[0127] There are no particular restrictions on the method of forming the metal pattern; for example, dry processes such as vacuum deposition and sputtering; and inkjet methods using metal nanoinks. There are also no particular restrictions on the thickness of the metal pattern. By applying the metal material to the area where the organic material pattern is formed and the area where the organic material pattern is not formed, a film containing the metal material is instantaneously formed in both areas. However, since the adhesion of the metal is suppressed in the area where the organic material pattern is formed, the metal pattern is naturally formed only in the area where the organic material pattern is not formed.

[0128] More specific methods for forming metal patterns include, for example, the methods shown in 1) and 2) below: 1) The above-mentioned metal patterning material is deposited in a desired pattern using a metal mask or the like. 2) Subsequently, by depositing metal, electrodes are formed only in the areas where the metal patterning material has not been deposited. That is, negative-type metal electrodes are formed relative to the deposited pattern of the metal patterning material.

[0129] The area and line width of the patterned metal electrodes can be arbitrarily adjusted by the patterning shape of the metal patterning material.

[0130] A protective film may be provided on a patterned film obtained by patterning a metal. Examples of protective films include organic films, oxide films, and inorganic films, and there are no particular limitations. When the protective film is an organic film, examples of such organic films include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, aminosubstituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, conductive polymer oligomers (especially thiophene oligomers), porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, carbazole compounds, styrylamine compounds, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, etc. When the protective film is an inorganic film, examples of such inorganic films include silicon nitride and silicon oxide.

[0131] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a material for metal patterning and a method for forming metal patterns can be used to pattern metal electrodes for solar cells, light sensors, image sensors, organic electroluminescent (EL) elements, organic solar cells, organic sensors, organic transistors, etc., and to form metal wiring on a circuit board.

[0132] A material for metal patterning according to one aspect of this disclosure is also applicable to a vapor deposition process.

[0133] (Organic Electroluminescent Element) The configuration of an organic electroluminescent element is not particularly limited, but examples include the configurations shown in (i) to (v) below. (i): Anode / light-emitting layer / patterning layer / metal electrode (ii): Anode / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / patterning layer / metal electrode (iii): Anode / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / patterning layer / metal electrode (iv): Anode / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / patterning layer / metal electrode (v): Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / patterning layer / metal electrode Although the organic electroluminescent element shown in Figure 5 has a so-called top-emission type element configuration, the organic electroluminescent element according to one aspect of the present invention is not limited to a top-emission type element configuration. That is, the organic electroluminescent element according to one aspect of the present disclosure may have other known element configurations, such as a bottom-emission type.

[0134] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a stacked configuration of an organic electroluminescent element according to one aspect of the present disclosure. The organic electroluminescent element 100 comprises a substrate 1, an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, a light-emitting layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, a cathode patterning layer 50, and a protective layer 9 in this order. However, some of these layers, excluding the cathode patterning layer 50, may be omitted, or other layers may be added. For example, a hole blocking layer may be provided between the light-emitting layer 5 and the electron transport layer 6, the hole injection layer 3 may be omitted, and the hole transport layer 4 may be directly provided on the anode 2. Also, for example, the electron transport layer 6 may be omitted, and the cathode patterning layer 50 may be directly provided on the light-emitting layer 5. Furthermore, for example, the single-layer hole transport layer 4 and the single-layer electron transport layer 6 may each consist of multiple layers.

[0135] [Substrate 1] There are no particular limitations on the substrate 1, and examples include glass plates, quartz plates, plastic plates, and plastic films. Among these, glass plates, quartz plates, and light-transmitting plastic films are preferred.

[0136] Examples of light-transmitting plastic films include films made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), and the like. In the case where light emission is extracted from the substrate 1 side, the substrate 1 is transparent to the wavelength of light.

[0137] [Anode 2] An anode 2 is provided on the substrate 1 (on the side of the hole injection layer 3). Examples of anode materials include metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof, all of which have a large work function (e.g., 4 eV or more). Specific examples of anode materials include metals such as Au; CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), and SnO ２ Examples include conductive transparent materials such as ZnO. In the case of an organic electroluminescent element configured such that light is extracted by passing it through the anode, the anode is formed of a conductive transparent material that allows the light to pass through or substantially allows the light to pass through.

[0138] [Hole Injection Layer 3, Hole Transport Layer 4] Between the anode 2 and the light-emitting layer 5 (described later), a hole injection layer 3 and a hole transport layer 4 are provided in this order from the anode 2 side. The hole injection layer and hole transport layer have the function of transferring holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer. By interposing these hole injection layer and hole transport layer between the anode and the light-emitting layer, more holes are injected into the light-emitting layer at a lower electric field. Furthermore, the hole injection layer and hole transport layer also function as electron barrier layers. That is, electrons injected from the cathode and transported to the light-emitting layer from the electron injection layer and / or electron transport layer are prevented from leaking into the hole injection layer and / or hole transport layer by the electron barrier present at the interface between the light-emitting layer and the hole injection layer and / or hole transport layer. As a result, these electrons accumulate at the interface within the light-emitting layer, leading to effects such as improved luminescence efficiency, and an organic electroluminescent element with excellent light-emitting performance is obtained.

[0139] The hole injection layer and hole transport layer materials must have at least one of the following properties: hole injection properties, hole transport properties, or electron barrier properties. The hole injection layer and hole transport layer materials may be organic or inorganic. Specific examples of materials for the hole injection layer and hole transport layer include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, aminosubstituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, conductive polymer oligomers (especially thiophene oligomers), porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styrylamine compounds. Among these, porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styrylamine compounds are preferred in terms of their good performance as organic electroluminescent devices, and aromatic tertiary amine compounds are particularly preferred.

[0140] Specific examples of aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminophenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(m-tolyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 2,2-bis(4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl)cyclohexane, N,N,N',N'-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 1,1-bis(4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl)-4-phenylcyclohexane, bis(4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl)phenylmethane, bis(4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl)phenylmethane, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'- Examples include di(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)quadriphenyl, N,N,N-tri(p-tolyl)amine, 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[4-(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene, 4-N,N-diphenylamino-(2-diphenylvinyl)benzene, 3-methoxy-4'-N,N-diphenylaminostilbenzene, N-phenylcarbazole, 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPD), and 4,4',4''-tris[N-(m-tolyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (MTDATA).

[0141] In addition, inorganic compounds such as p-type Si and p-type SiC can also be cited as examples of materials for the hole injection layer and hole transport layer. The hole injection layer and hole transport layer may be a single structure consisting of one or more materials, or a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers of the same or different compositions.

[0142] [Emitting Layer 5] An emissive layer 5 is provided between the hole transport layer 4 and the electron transport layer 6, which will be described later. Examples of materials for the emissive layer include phosphorescent materials, fluorescent materials, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. In the emissive layer, electron-hole pairs recombine, resulting in luminescence. The emissive layer may consist of a single low-molecular-weight material or a single polymer material, but more generally, it consists of a host material doped with a guest compound. The luminescence mainly originates from the dopant and can exhibit any color.

[0143] Examples of host materials include compounds having biphenylyl groups, fluorenyl groups, triphenylsilyl groups, carbazole groups, pyrenyl groups, and anthryl groups. More specifically, examples include DPVBi (4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl), BCzVBi (4,4'-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)1,1'-biphenyl), TBADN (2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene), ADN (9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene), CBP (4,4'-bis(carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl), CDBP (4,4'-bis(carbazole-9-yl)-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl), 2-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-9-[4-(4-phenylphenylquinazoline-2-yl)carbazole, 9,10-bis(biphenyl)anthracene, 3-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)-dibenzofuran, etc.

[0144] Examples of fluorescent dopants include anthracene, pyrene, tetracene, xanthene, perylene, rubrene, coumarin, rhodamine, quinacridone, dicyanomethylenepyran compounds, thiopyran compounds, polymethine compounds, pyrylium, thiapyrillium compounds, fluorene derivatives, perifurantene derivatives, indenoperylene derivatives, bis(azinyl)amineboron compounds, bis(azinyl)methane compounds, carbostyryl compounds, boron compounds, and cyclic amine compounds. A fluorescent dopant may be a combination of two or more selected from these. Examples of phosphorescent dopants include organometallic complexes of transition metals such as iridium, platinum, palladium, and osmium.

[0145] Specific examples of fluorescent dopants and phosphorescent dopants include Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum), DPAVBi (4,4'-bis[4-(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]biphenyl), perylene, 2,7-bis[N,N-di-(4-tertbutylphenyl)]aminobisbenzofuran-9,9'-spirofluorene, bis[2-(4-n-hexylphenyl)quinoline](A Examples include cetylacetonate iridium(III), Ir(PPy)3 (tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)), and FIrPic (bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium(III))), 5,9-diphenyl-5,9-dihydro-5,9-diaza-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene. Furthermore, the luminescent material is not limited to being contained only in the luminescent layer. For example, the luminescent material may also be contained in layers adjacent to the luminescent layer (hole transport layer 4 or electron transport layer 6). This may further increase the luminescent efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device. The luminescent layer may be a single-layer structure made of one or more materials, or a laminated structure made of multiple layers of the same or different compositions.

[0146] [Electron Transport Layer 6] An electron transport layer 6 is provided between the light-emitting layer 5 and the cathode patterning layer 50, which will be described later. The electron transport layer has the function of transferring electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer. By interposing the electron transport layer between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, electrons are injected into the light-emitting layer at a lower electric field.

[0147] Specific examples of electron transport layer materials include tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum derivatives, imidazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, phosphole derivatives, silole derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, and the like. Among these, triazine derivatives and pyrimidine derivatives are preferred because they provide good performance for organic electroluminescent devices. In addition to the materials mentioned above, the electron transport layer may also contain one or more conventionally known electron transport materials.

[0148] [Cathode Patterning Layer 50] A cathode patterning layer 50 is provided between the electron transport layer 6 and the protective layer 9, which will be described later. The cathode patterning layer 50 is provided on the electron transport layer 6 and comprises a patterning layer 7 and an electrode metal 8 patterned with this patterning layer 7.

[0149] In Figure 6, in the direction from the anode 2 towards the protective layer 9, the region where the patterning layer 7 exists is the transparent region 51, and the region where the patterning layer 7 does not exist (i.e., the electrode region 8) is the electrode region 52. Note that the direction from the anode 2 towards the protective layer 9 is the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1 in Figure 5. In Figure 6, the transparent region 51 consists of the electron transport layer 6 and the pattern layer 7 stacked in this order in the direction from the anode 2 towards the protective layer 9. The electron transport layer 6 and the pattern layer 7 are stacked in direct contact.

[0150] In Figure 6, the electrode region 52 is constructed by stacking the electron transport layer 6 and the electrode metal 8 in that order, in the direction from the anode 2 towards the protective layer 9. The electron transport layer 6 and the electrode metal 8 are stacked in direct contact. In Figure 6, the thickness of the patterning layer 7 and the thickness of the electrode metal 8 are shown to be the same, but this disclosure is not limited to this, and the thickness of the patterning layer 7 may be greater, or the thickness of the electrode 8 may be greater.

[0151] Figure 7 is a schematic top view showing an example of the configuration of the cathode patterning layer 50 in Figure 5. The electrode metal 8 is patterned by the patterning layer 7. It is preferable that the electrode metal 8 is finely patterned. Here, finely patterned patterning includes patterning with the patterning spacing of a typical cathode of an organic electroluminescent element. The patterning shape of the electrode metal 8 is arbitrary, and the patterning layer 7 should be formed so that the shape of the electrode metal 8 becomes the desired shape.

[0152] [Patterning layer 7] The compound represented by formula (A2) above can be used as the material for the patterning layer.

[0153] [Electrode Metal 8] The electrode metal may be a single-layer structure made of one or more materials, or a laminated structure made of multiple layers of the same or different compositions. For example, the electrode metal is preferably formed of two layers: a cathode having high conductivity and an electron injection layer having the function of transferring electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer.

[0154] [Electron Injection Layer] An electron injection layer is provided on the electron transport layer 6. The electron injection layer has the function of transferring electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer. By interposing the electron injection layer between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, electrons are injected into the light-emitting layer at a lower electric field. Examples of materials for the electron injection layer include organic compounds such as fluorenone, anthraquinodimethane, diphenoquinone, thiopyrandioxide, oxazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole, perylenetetracarboxylic acid, fluolenylidenemethane, anthraquinodimethane, and anthrone. In addition, SiO is an example of a material for the electron injection layer. ２ Examples include various oxides such as AlO, SiN, SiON, AlON, GeO, LiO, LiON, TiO, TiON, TaO, TaON, TaN, LiF, C, and Yb, as well as inorganic compounds such as fluorides, nitrides, and oxidized nitrides.

[0155] [Cathode] A cathode is provided on the electron injection layer. In the case of an organic electroluminescent device in which only the light emitted after passing through the anode is extracted, the cathode can be formed from any conductive material. Examples of cathode materials include metals with a small work function (hereinafter also referred to as electron-injection metals), alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof. Here, a metal with a small work function is, for example, a metal with a work function of 4 eV or less.

[0156] Specific examples of cathode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, and aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ２ O ３ Examples include mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, and rare earth metals. Among these, from the standpoint of electron injection properties and resistance to oxidation, mixtures of electron-injectable metals and metallic compounds that have a larger work function and are more stable, such as magnesium / silver mixtures, magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, and aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ２ O ３A mixture of lithium and aluminum is preferred.

[0157] [Protective layer 9] A protective layer 9 is provided on the cathode patterning layer 50. From the viewpoint of improving light extraction efficiency, the protective layer is preferably a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different refractive indices. When the protective layer is composed of a laminated structure, the types of layers to be laminated are not particularly limited, but it is preferably 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3, and more preferably composed of two types of layers. When the protective layer is formed from a laminated structure, it is preferable that at least one layer forming the laminated structure is a low refractive index layer and at least one layer is a high refractive index layer.

[0158] The layered structure of the capping layer is not particularly limited, but the following configurations (1) to (5) are examples: (1) High refractive index layer / Low refractive index layer (2) Low refractive index layer / High refractive index layer (3) Low refractive index layer / High refractive index layer / Low refractive index layer (4) High refractive index layer / Medium refractive index layer / Low refractive index layer (5) High refractive index layer / Low refractive index layer / High refractive index layer / Low refractive index layer

[0159] (Low refractive index layer) The low refractive index layer contains a low refractive index material. The low refractive index material is not particularly limited and can be an organic compound, an inorganic compound, a polymer compound, etc. It may also be a mixture of an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and a polymer compound. The low refractive index layer preferably has a light transmittance of 90% or more in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm, and a refractive index of 1.65 or less in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm. It is more preferable that the refractive index in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm is 1.64 or less, 1.62 or less, 1.60 or less, 1.58 or less, 1.56 or less, 1.54 or less, 1.52 or less, or 1.50 or less.

[0160] For example, lithium fluoride, 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium, or fluorinated compounds can be used as the low refractive index layer. The thickness of the low refractive index layer is not particularly limited, but 20 nm to 200 nm, 20 nm to 160 nm, 20 nm to 140 nm, and 30 nm to 120 nm are preferred.

[0161] (High refractive index layer) The high refractive index layer preferably has a light transmittance of 90% or more in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm, and a refractive index of 1.70 or more in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm. It is more preferable that the refractive index in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm is 1.71 or more, 1.72 or more, 1.73 or more, 1.74 or more, 1.75 or more, 1.76 or more, 1.77 or more, 1.78 or more, 1.79 or more, or 1.80 or more. The thickness of the high refractive index layer is not particularly limited, but 20 nm to 200 nm, 20 nm to 160 nm, 20 nm to 140 nm, and 30 nm to 120 nm are preferred.

[0162] (High refractive index material) The high refractive index layer contains a high refractive index material. The high refractive index material is not particularly limited and can be an organic compound, an inorganic compound, a polymer compound, etc. It may also be a mixture of an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and a polymer compound. As a high refractive index material, it is preferable to include an organic compound from the viewpoint of making it easier to control the film thickness by vacuum deposition and lowering the deposition temperature.

[0163] In particular, due to their excellent stability and durability as thin films, high refractive index materials include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, aminosubstituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, conductive polymer oligomers (especially thiophene oligomers), porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, carbazole compounds, styrylamine compounds, triazine derivatives, and pyrimidine derivatives. Among these, carbazole compounds, porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styrylamine compounds are preferred due to their good durability, with carbazole compounds and aromatic tertiary amine compounds being particularly preferred.

[0164] (Medium refractive index layer) The medium refractive index layer has a light transmittance of 90% or more in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm, and a refractive index of 1.60 or more in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm.

[0165] The refractive index is preferably 1.61 or higher in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm, and is preferably 1.61 or higher, 1.62 or higher, 1.63 or higher, 1.64 or higher, 1.65 or higher, 1.66 or higher, 1.67 or higher, 1.68 or higher, or 1.69 or higher. The thickness of the intermediate refractive index layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 nm to 200 nm, 20 nm to 160 nm, 20 nm to 140 nm, or 30 nm to 120 nm.

[0166] (Medium refractive index material) The medium refractive index layer contains a medium refractive index material. The medium refractive index material is not particularly limited and can be an organic compound, an inorganic compound, a polymer compound, etc. It may also be a mixture of an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and a polymer compound. As for the medium refractive index material, it is preferable to include an organic compound from the viewpoint of making it easier to control the film thickness by vacuum deposition and lowering the deposition temperature. The relationship of refractive indices in the range of 450 nm to 900 nm for the low refractive index layer, medium refractive index layer, and high refractive index layer is low refractive index layer ≤ medium refractive index layer ≤ high refractive index layer.

[0167] [Electronic Devices] An electronic device according to one aspect of this disclosure includes the metal patterning material described above. As described above, when forming a metal pattern, an organic material pattern including the metal patterning material is formed, so the organic material pattern is formed together with the metal pattern. Therefore, an electronic device according to one aspect of this disclosure comprises an organic material pattern including the metal patterning material, along with the metal pattern.

[0168] Examples of electronic devices include solar cells, photosensitive sensors, image sensors, organic EL elements, organic solar cells, organic sensors, and organic transistors. These electronic devices include patterned metal electrodes or metal wiring on a circuit board. In other words, any electronic device that includes patterned metal electrodes or metal wiring on a circuit board can be obtained according to this embodiment using the metal pattern formation method described above. Such electronic devices have high-precision metal patterns.

[0169] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited in any way to these examples.

[0170] [Transmittance Measurement] Measuring device: JASCO V-750. Measurement range: 550-800 nm

[0171] Example 1-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-101) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cyanuric chloride (4.0 mmol), ethylene glycol (1.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (20 mmol) were added to THF (50 mL) and stirred at 0°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and chloroform, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-101), a white solid (40% yield). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 355.91.

[0172] Example 1-2 Synthesis of Z31 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-101) (1.0 mmol), (1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol) (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z31) as a white solid (yield 26%). The compound was identified by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 1922.02

[0173] Example 1-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z31) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. Compound (Z31) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second, with a film thickness of 50 nm. After that, the metal mask was removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second, with a film thickness of 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z31) had been deposited, silver and magnesium were not deposited, and transparent regions of 2 mm x 1 mm were formed.

[0174] Example 2-1 Synthesis of compound (Z32) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-101) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoro-1-heptanol (8.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (15.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z32) as a white solid (yield 37%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1540.04

[0175] Example 2-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z32) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 20 nm layer of compound (Z32) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and a 10 nm layer of magnesium was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. Magnesium was not deposited in the areas where compound (Z32) had been deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0176] Example 3-1 Synthesis of compound (Z33) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-101) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H-nonafluoro-1-pentanol (8.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (15.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z33) as a white solid (yield 35%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1212.02

[0177] Example 3-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z33) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 20 nm layer of compound (Z33) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and a 10 nm layer of magnesium was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. Magnesium was not deposited in the areas where compound (Z33) had been deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0178] Example 4-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-102) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, ethylene glycol (1.0 mmol), perfluoropyridine (4.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-102), a white solid (yield 60%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 360.01

[0179] Example 4-2 Synthesis of Z43 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-102) (1.0 mmol), (1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol) (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z43) as a white solid (yield 26%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 1990.00

[0180] Example 4-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z43) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z43) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z43) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0181] Example 5-1 Synthesis of compound (Z44) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-102) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoro-1-heptanol (8.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (15.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z44) as a white solid (yield 57%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1608.02

[0182] Example 5-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z44) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 20 nm layer of compound (Z44) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and a 10 nm layer of magnesium was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. Magnesium was not deposited in the areas where the compound (Z44) had been deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0183] Example 6-1 Synthesis of compound (Z45) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-102) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H-nonafluoro-1-pentanol (8.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (15.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z45) as a white solid (yield 27%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1280.39

[0184] Example 6-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z45) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 20 nm layer of compound (Z45) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and a 10 nm layer of magnesium was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. Magnesium was not deposited in the areas where the compound (Z45) had been deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0185] Example 7-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-103) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, N-methyldiethanolamine (1.0 mmol), cyanuric chloride (4.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (10.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 0°C for 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-103) as a white solid (70% yield). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 412.97

[0186] Example 7-2 Synthesis of Z47 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-103) (1.0 mmol), (1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol) (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z47) as a white solid (yield 26%). The compound was identified by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 1997.07

[0187] Example 7-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z47) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z47) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z47) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0188] Example 8-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-104) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, thiodiglycol (1.0 mmol), cyanuryl chloride (4.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (10.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 0°C for 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-104) as a white solid (yield 80%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 415.92

[0189] Example 8-2 Synthesis of Z48 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-104) (1.0 mmol), (1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol) (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z48) as a white solid (yield 32%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 2000.01

[0190] Example 8-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z48) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z48) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z48) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0191] Example 9-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-105) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, triethanolamine (1.0 mmol), perfluoropyridine (6.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (10.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 0°C for 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-105) as a white solid (yield 50%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 589.92

[0192] Example 9-2 Synthesis of Z56 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-105) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z56) as a white solid (yield 34%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 3068.04

[0193] Example 9-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z56) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z56) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z56) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0194] Example 10-1 Synthesis of Z57 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-105) (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H-nonafluoro-1-pentanol (20.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z57) as a white solid (yield 34%). The compound was identified by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1976.06

[0195] Example 10-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z57) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z57) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z57) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0196] Example 11-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-106) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cyanuric chloride (1.0 mmol), 1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol (2.0 mmol), and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (2.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 0°C for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-106) as a white solid (90% yield). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 974.46

[0197] Example 11-2 Synthesis of Z76 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-106) (3.0 mmol), N,N-dimethyl-1,5-pentadiamine (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z76) as a white solid (80% yield). The compound was identified by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 2008.12

[0198] Example 11-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z76) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z76) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z76) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0199] Example 12-1 Synthesis of Z77 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-106) (3.0 mmol), N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z77) as a white solid (76% yield). The compound was identified by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 1980.09

[0200] Example 12-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z77) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z77) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z77) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0201] Example 13-1 Synthesis of Z78 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-106) (3.0 mmol), N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine (24.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target compound (Z78) as a white solid (78% yield). The compound was identified by FDMS analysis. FDMS: 1966.07

[0202] Example 13-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z78) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z78) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z78) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0203] Example 14-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-107) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, perfluoropyridine (3.0 mmol), 1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluoro-1-nonanol (7.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-107) as a white solid (yield 20%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 992.98

[0204] Example 14-2 Synthesis of Z93 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-107) (5.0 mmol), ethylenediamine (1.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (8.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target product Z93 as a white solid (yield 7%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 3951.98

[0205] Example 14-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z93) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z93) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z93) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0206] Example 15-1 Synthesis of intermediate (AA-108) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, perfluoropyridine (3.0 mmol), 1H,1H-nonafluoro-1-pentanol (7.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-108), a white solid (yield 3%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 628.99

[0207] Example 15-2 Synthesis of Z97 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-108) (5.0 mmol), ethylenediamine (1.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (8.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target product Z97 as a white solid (yield 6%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 2496.01

[0208] Example 15-2' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z97) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z97) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where the compound (Z97) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0209] Example 16-1 Synthesis of Intermediate (AA-109) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2,5-dichloropyrimidine (3.0 mmol), 1H,1H-nonafluoro-1-pentanol (7.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (24.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-109), a white solid (50% yield). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 361.99

[0210] Example 16-2 Synthesis of Intermediate (AA-110) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, intermediate (AA-109) (1.5 mmol), ethylenediamine (1.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (8.0 mmol), and [1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) Dichloride were suspended in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and water (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target intermediate (AA-110) as a white solid (yield 9%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 712.09

[0211] Example 16-3 Synthesis of Z118 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, intermediate (AA-108) (5.0 mmol), intermediate (AA-110) (1.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (8.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target product Z118 as a white solid (40% yield). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1930.06

[0212] Example 16-3' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z118) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure was below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z118) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. After that, the metal mask was removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z118) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, and a 2 mm x 1 mm transparent region was formed.

[0213] Example 17-1 Synthesis of Z121 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the intermediate (AA-108) (5.0 mmol), ethylenediamine (1.0 mmol), and cesium carbonate (8.0 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was separated using pure water and ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the target product Z120 as a white solid (yield 9%). Compound identification was performed by FDMS measurement. FDMS: 1364.11

[0214] Example 17-1' Evaluation of metal adhesion of compound (Z120) A glass substrate was boil-cleaned (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then UV ozone-cleaned, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The system was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. A 50 nm layer of compound (Z120) was deposited on a glass substrate with a metal mask having a 2 mm x 1 mm opening at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second. The metal mask was then removed, and silver and magnesium (1 / 9) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second for a total thickness of 10 nm. In the areas where compound (Z120) had been deposited, the silver and magnesium were not deposited, forming a transparent region of 2 mm x 1 mm.

[0215] Comparative Example 1' Evaluation of Metal Adhesion of Compound (X1) The following compound (X1) was used as a material for metal patterning, and its metal adhesion was evaluated. The adhesion of metals to compound (X1) was evaluated using the same method as in Example 4'. Ytterbium, lithium fluoride, silver, and magnesium were deposited on the compound (X1) film, and no transparent regions were formed.

[0216] Comparative Example 2' Evaluation of Metal Adhesion Properties of Compound (X2) The adhesion of metals to compound (X2) was evaluated using the same method as in Example 4'. Ytterbium, lithium fluoride, silver, and magnesium were deposited on the compound (X2) film, and no transparent regions were formed.

[0217] Comparative Example 3' Evaluation of Metal Adhesion Properties of Compound (X3) The adhesion of metals to compound (X3) was evaluated using the same method as in Example 4'. Ytterbium, lithium fluoride, silver, and magnesium were deposited on the compound (X3) film, and no transparent regions were formed.

[0218] Comparative Example 4' Evaluation of Metal Adhesion Properties of Compound (X4) The adhesion of metals to compound (X4) was evaluated using the same method as in Example 4'. Ytterbium, lithium fluoride, silver, and magnesium were deposited on the compound (X4) film, and no transparent regions were formed.

[0219] Comparative Example 5' Evaluation of Metal Adhesion Properties of Compound (X5) The adhesion of metals to compound (X5) was evaluated using the same method as in Example 5'. Ytterbium, lithium fluoride, silver, and magnesium were deposited on the compound (X5) film, and no transparent regions were formed.

[0220] (Transmittance Measurement) Metal adhesion can be evaluated by transmittance measurement, and transmittance decreases when metal adheres. Furthermore, the transmittance decreases in correlation with the amount of adhesion.

[0221] Example 1-2” The glass substrate for measuring the transmittance of compound (Z31) was boiled clean (boiling with isopropyl alcohol), then washed with ultraviolet ozone, and then placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus, 1.0 × 10 －４ The atmosphere was evacuated using a vacuum pump until the pressure dropped below Pa. First, 2,4,6-tri([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine was deposited as a base layer on a glass substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to a thickness of 15 nm. Next, a metal mask with openings of 2 mm × 1 mm was placed, and compound (Z31) was deposited as a metal patterning layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to a thickness of 15 nm. After that, the metal mask was removed, and ytterbium and lithium fluoride (1 / 1) was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.01 nm / second to a thickness of 2 nm, followed by silver and magnesium (1 / 1) deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to a thickness of 20 nm. Finally, a patterning test element was fabricated by depositing [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,N4,N4'-biphenyl-N4,N4'-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)- as a capping layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to a thickness of 100 nm. The results of the transmittance measurement are shown in Figure 1. The transmittance was "≥90%", indicating that the formation of the metal film was suppressed.

[0222] Comparative Example 0” Transmittance Measurement of an Element Without a Metal Pattern Layer A patterning test element was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1-2, except that a metal patterning layer was not used (not deposited). The results of the transmittance measurement are shown in Figure 2. The transmittance was "≥20%", indicating that a metal film was formed.

[0223] Comparative Example 1: A patterning test element was prepared using compound (X1) on a metal patterning layer in the same manner as in Example 4 of "Transmittance Measurement of Compound (X1)". Figure 3 shows the results of the transmittance measurement of the 2 mm × 1 mm portion on which compound (X1) was deposited. The transmittance was "≥20%", indicating that the formation of the metal film could not be suppressed.

[0224] Reference Example 1: Measurement of transmittance of compound (Y1) A patterning test element was fabricated using compound (Y1) on a metal patterning layer in the same manner as in Example 4. Figure 4 shows the results of transmittance measurement of the 2 mm x 1 mm portion where compound (Y1) was deposited. The transmittance was "≥60%".

[0225] Examples 2-1”, 3-1”, 4-2”, 5-1”, 6-1”, 7-2”, 8-2”, 9-2”, 10-1”, 11-2”, 12-1”, 13-1”, 14-2”, 15-2”, 16-3”, 17-1” to Comparative Example 5” The transmittance of each compound was measured using the same method as in Examples 1-2” and Comparative Example 1”. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0226]

[0227] Example 1-2''' (Fabrication of an organic EL element having a light-transmitting portion using compound (Z25) as a metal patterning layer) (Patterning element evaluation) A glass substrate with reflective ITO electrodes was prepared as a substrate 1 having an anode 2 on its surface. Two linear reflective ITO electrodes with an electrode width of 10 mm are formed on the substrate. The two electrodes are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the electrodes is 10 mm (patterning evaluation substrate). After forming a predetermined organic film on the glass substrate, a patterning layer was formed only in region A using a metal mask so as to cover one of the ITO electrodes. Then, the metal mask was removed, and a metal electrode with a width of 10 mm was formed perpendicular to the ITO stripe electrode to create a patterning evaluation element.

[0228] (Observation conditions) Light emission observation and transmittance measurement were performed on two pixels (region A and region B) of the patterning evaluation element.

[0229] (Preparation for Vacuum Deposition) The patterning evaluation substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water. Surface treatment was performed by ozone ultraviolet cleaning. On the surface-treated substrate after cleaning, each layer was vacuum deposited using the vacuum deposition method to form a laminated structure. First, the glass substrate was introduced into the vacuum deposition chamber, and 1.0 × 10 －４ The pressure was reduced to Pa. Then, each layer was fabricated according to the deposition conditions for each layer in the following order. Each organic material was deposited using the resistance heating method.

[0230] (Preparation of hole injection layer 3) A 10 nm film was deposited with sublimation-purified N-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluoren-2-amine and 1,2,3-tris[(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropane in a 99:1 (mass ratio) ratio to prepare hole injection layer 3. The deposition rate was 0.1 nm / second.

[0231] (Preparation of the first hole transport layer) The first hole transport layer was prepared by depositing N-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluoren-2-amine, which was purified by sublimation, into an 85 nm film at a rate of 0.2 nm / second.

[0232] (Preparation of the second hole transport layer) A sublimation-purified N-phenyl-N-(9,9-diphenylfluoren-2-yl)-N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)amine was deposited at a rate of 0.15 nm / second to a thickness of 5 nm to prepare the second hole transport layer.

[0233] (Preparation of luminescent layer 5) A luminescent layer 5 was prepared by depositing a 30 nm film of sublimation-purified 3-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)-dibenzofuran and 2,7-bis[N,N-di-(4-tertbutylphenyl)]amino-bisbenzofuran-9,9'-spirofluorene in a ratio of 95:5 (mass ratio). The deposition rate was 0.1 nm / second.

[0234] (Preparation of hole-blocking layer) A hole-blocking layer was prepared by depositing 2-[3'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, which had been purified by sublimation, at a rate of 0.05 nm / second to a thickness of 6 nm.

[0235] (Fabrication of electron transport layer 6) 6-[4'-(2-phenyl-6-quinolyl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine and 8-hydroxyquinolinolate tritium (hereinafter referred to as Liq) were deposited in a 50:50 (mass ratio) film at a thickness of 25 nm to fabricate electron transport layer 6. The deposition rate was 0.15 nm / second.

[0236] (Fabrication of cathode patterning layer 50) The cathode patterning layer 50 was fabricated by performing the following steps: 1. Fabrication of the patterning layer 7 and 2. Fabrication of the metal electrode 8.

[0237] (1. Fabrication of Patterning Layer 7) A patterning layer was formed using a metal mask with an opening of 10 mm x 10 mm. The metal mask was positioned so that the opening of the metal mask overlapped with region A. Subsequently, a 15 nm film of compound (Z25) was deposited to create patterning layer 7 only in region A. The deposition rate was 0.1 nm / second.

[0238] (2. Fabrication of Metal Electrode 8) Ytterbium and lithium fluoride (1 / 1) were deposited at a deposition rate of 0.01 nm / second to a thickness of 2 nm, and then silver / magnesium (mass ratio 1 / 1) was deposited to a thickness of 20 nm. The deposition rate of silver / magnesium was 0.1 nm / second.

[0239] (Preparation of protective layer 9) Sublimation-purified N4',N4'-diphenyl-N4',N4'-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine was deposited at a rate of 0.05 nm / second to create a 50 nm film, thereby preparing protective layer 9. As a result, a luminescence area of ​​10 mm² was obtained as shown in Figure 2. ２ An organic electroluminescent element 100 was fabricated. The film thickness of each element was measured using a stylus-type film thickness gauge (DEKTAK, Bruker).

[0240] (Luminescence Observation) In region A, where compound (Z31) was formed as a patterning layer, the formation of metal electrode 8 was suppressed, and no luminescence was observed. In region B, where no patterning layer was formed, metal electrode 8 was formed, and luminescence was observed. The formation of electrode region 52 was confirmed.

[0241] (Transmittance Measurement) In region A, where compound (Z31) is formed as a patterning layer, the formation of metal electrode 8 was suppressed, and the transmittance was "≥90%". Region A was transparent, and it was confirmed that a transparent region 51 was formed. In region B, where no patterning layer was formed, metal electrode 8 was formed, and the transmittance was "≥20%".

[0242] Although the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the essence and scope of the invention.

[0243] 1. Substrate 2. Anode 3. Hole injection layer 4. Hole transport layer 5. Light-emitting layer 61. Hole blocking layer 6. Electron transport layer 7. Patterning layer 8. Metal electrode 81. Electron injection layer 82. Cathode 9. Protective layer 50. Cathode patterning layer 51. Transparent region 52. Electrode region 100. Organic electroluminescent device

Claims

1. A heterocyclic compound represented by the following formula (A2). In formula (A2), Z ｅ , ｅ , ｅ , ｅ , Z ２ each independently represents a linear divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, G １ , G ２ each independently represents C-(X １０１ ), N-(X １０１ ), S, SO ２ , O or a single bond, L １ represents C-(X １０１ ), N-(X １０１ ), S, SO ２ , O or a single bond, e represents an integer from 0 to 3, a and b each independently represent an integer from 1 to 3, c represents an integer from 0 to 2, and d represents an integer from 1 to 4. X １０１ represents an optionally substituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, a monocyclic, linked or condensed monovalent heteroaromatic group having 3 to 26 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cyclic monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cyclic monovalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1), R １ , R ２ each independently is one of the following formulas (4-1) to (4-6): In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R ４０１ to R ４０９ ​​​​​​​​Each independently represents a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom; a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom; a monocyclic, linking, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linking, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; a monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted; or a substituent represented by the following formula (B1); * represents a bond. In formula (B1), L ２ Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with O, S, or fluorine atoms, or a vinylene group which may be substituted with fluorine and may form a ring, each independently representing an integer from 0 to 4, each independently representing an integer from 1 to 4, １ Each of these independently represents a 1- to 2-valent group with 1 or more carbon atoms containing three or more fluorine atoms. In formula (4-1), R ４０１ and R ４０２ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-2) to (4-3), R ４０３ ~R ４０５ At least one of them is a substituent represented by formula (B1); in formulas (4-4) to (4-6), R ４０６ ~R ４０９ At least one of the substituents is represented by formula (B1), and * represents a bond.

2. R in equation (A2) １ , R ２ However, each is independently represented by the following formulas (6-1) to (6-20) and is a heterocyclic compound according to claim 1. In formulas (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４９ Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a monocyclic, linked, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted, a monocyclic, linked, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted, a monocyclic, linked, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms that may be substituted, or a substituent represented by formula (B1); L ６０１ ~L ６２６ Each independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond; L ７０１ ~L ７２６ Each independently represents a linear or branched divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a single bond; p and q each independently represent an integer from 0 to 11; * represents a bond; and X each independently represents a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.

3. In formula (A2), Z １ Z ２ The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein each is independently a chain-like di-tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group given by a compound selected from the group consisting of (a) methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, and henicosane.

4. In formula (A2), Z １ and Z ２ The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituent has substituents, and each substituent is independently composed of one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or substituents thereof.

5. In formulas (4-1) to (4-6), R ４０１ ~R ４０９ And, in equations (6-1) to (6-20), R ５０６ ~R ５４９ However, each independently may be: (a) a hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, fluorine atom, bromine atom, or chlorine atom; (b) a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, adamantane, diamantane, and norbornene; (c) a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptaxy, octoxy, nonoxy, and dedecoxy; (d) a monocyclic, linking, or fused cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted. (e) A monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, selected from one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. (f) The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound is a monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole, and a group in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups, or a substituent represented by formula (B1).

6. X １０１ However, each independently, (g) monocyclic, linked-ring, or fused aromatic hydrocarbon groups selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, and groups in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups, (h) Pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole, as well as monocyclic, linking, or fused heteroaromatic groups selected from the group consisting of these groups, in which one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene are fused to these groups. (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, adamantane, diamantane, and norbornene; (j) a cyclic monovalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-dioxin, 1,4-dithiane, 4,4'-bipiperidine, diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; or (k) a substituent represented by formula (B1) as described in claim 1.

7. In formula (A2), X １０１ The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituent has substituents, and each substituent is independently composed of one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a deuterium atom, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or substituents thereof.

8. L １ However, each independently, (l) a monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, 9,9-dimethylfluorene, 9,9-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, fluorantene, triphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzochrysene, triptycene, and dibenzochrysene, (m) One or more monocyclic, linking, or fused divalent heteroaromatic groups selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, carbazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzodioxin, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, thiazole, thiadiazole, thiantrene, acridine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, and benzothiazole; (n) A cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, norbornene, and cyclohexane; (o) A cyclic divalent heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of morpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-dioxin, 1,4-dithiane, 4,4'-bipiperidine, diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, or (p) N-(X １０１ ) ２ , S, SO ２ The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is O, or O.

9. L １ The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituent has a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted heteroaromatic group, a substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, and each of these substituents is independently a methyl group, a methoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a C2-C10 alkyl group, a fluorine atom, a phenyl group, a biphenylyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a pyrazyl group, a triazyl group, an indolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a substituent represented by formula (B1), or a substituent selected from the group consisting of these substituents.

10. The heterocyclic compound according to claim 1, having two or more substituents represented by formula (B1) within the molecule.

11. A material for metal patterning comprising a heterocyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A thin film for metal patterning, comprising the metal patterning material described in claim 11, capable of patterning a metal film or a metal laminate, wherein the metal film or metal laminate contains one or more metals selected from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals.

13. The thin film for metal patterning according to claim 12, wherein the water contact angle is 90° or more.

14. An organic electroluminescent element comprising a cathode, wherein the cathode contains one or more metals selected from lithium, ytterbium, magnesium, silver, and aluminum, or an alloy containing one or more of these metals, and is patterned with the metal patterning material described in claim 11, and comprises the metal patterning material described in claim 11.

15. A method for forming a metal pattern, comprising the steps of: forming an organic material pattern using the metal patterning material described in claim 11; and applying a metal material to the area where the organic material pattern is formed and the area where the organic material pattern is not formed, thereby forming a metal pattern in the area where the pattern is not formed.

16. An electronic device comprising the metal patterning material described in claim 11.

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