Network traffic handling for user equipment cooperation
By dynamically adapting network traffic splitting and cooperation modes, the coordination challenges between anchor and companion UEs are addressed, enhancing data rate and transmission reliability in UE cooperation scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in coordinating network traffic handling between anchor and companion UEs, particularly in UE cooperation scenarios, leading to potential service failures due to lack of coordination and suboptimal performance in varying channel conditions.
Implementing network traffic splitting and cooperation modes based on network traffic splitting information and UE cooperation mode parameters, allowing dynamic adaptation of traffic splitting or duplication strategies to optimize data rate and transmission reliability.
Enhances the ability of UEs to support multi-modal services by improving data rate and transmission reliability through coordinated traffic handling, ensuring successful delivery of network packets.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024134439_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NETWORK TRAFFIC HANDLING FOR USER EQUIPMENT COOPERATIONFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with network traffic handling for user equipment cooperation.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0003] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0004] User equipment (UE) “cooperation” refers to a technique, or set of techniques, by which UEs can assist each other in communicating with a network. For example, UE cooperation may involve an anchor UE and a companion UE that assists the anchor UE in communicating with the network. In some examples, the anchor UE and the companion UE may cooperate to increase a spatial multiplexing capability of the anchor UE, which may translate to significant gains in user-perceived throughput (e.g., at the anchor UE) as well as system throughput (e.g., network throughput) . Additionally, or alternatively, the anchor UE and the companion UE may cooperate for load balancing.SUMMARY
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) . The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to communicate network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The method may include communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include receiving, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The method may include selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include communicating network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The method may include communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The method may include selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the apparatus and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The apparatus may include means for communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The apparatus may include means for selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for communicating network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The apparatus may include means for communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The apparatus may include means for selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0018] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0019] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to communicate network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0020] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0021] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, this specification and accompanying drawings.
[0022] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0024] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with extended reality (XR) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with multi-modal XR traffic and devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with user equipment (UE) cooperation, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with signaling for network traffic splitting in UE cooperation scenarios, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0030] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with network-transmitted network traffic splitting information, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0031] Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating examples associated with a UE cooperation indication that is based at least in part on a channel state metric, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0032] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a non-access stratum signal that includes network traffic splitting information, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0033] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with signaling for adaptive traffic split modes in UE cooperation scenarios, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0034] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an indication to cease selective communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0035] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with the first UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0036] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with the second UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0037] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with switching between UE cooperation modes, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0038] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a time duration of a UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0039] Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a time delay for a UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0040] Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0041] Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0042] Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0043] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0044] Fig. 21 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0045] Fig. 22 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0047] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0048] In some examples of user equipment (UE) cooperation, an anchor UE may deliver most or all packets to a companion UE, and the companion UE may assist by transmitting the delivered packets to a network node. For example, the companion UE may have a better capability and / or channel state than the anchor UE. However, the anchor UE and / or the companion UE may transmit packets associated with the same service (e.g., an extended reality (XR) service) . Therefore, without identifying how and / or when to split traffic across the anchor UE and the companion UE, the service can fail due to lack of coordination across the anchor UE and the companion UE.
[0049] Furthermore, an anchor UE and a companion UE may operate in various UE cooperation modes. For example, in a first UE cooperation mode, the companion UE may transmit or receive partial traffic on behalf of the anchor UE (e.g., via traffic splitting) , and in a second UE cooperation mode, the companion UE may transmit or receive duplicated traffic on behalf of the anchor UE. However, depending on a given scenario, one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may outperform the other of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, if the anchor UE experiences a bad channel state, strong cross-link interference (CLI) , a poor signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , poor reference signal received power (RSRP) , or the like, and is not operating in the first UE cooperation mode, then the data rate may decrease; or, if the anchor UE experiences a strong channel state, low CLI, a strong SINR, strong RSRP, or the like, and is not operating in the second UE cooperation mode, then the transmission reliability may decrease.
[0050] Various aspects relate generally to network traffic handling for UE cooperation. Some aspects more specifically relate to splitting network traffic between an anchor UE and a companion UE based at least in part on network traffic splitting information. In some aspects, the network traffic may belong to one or more different modalities (e.g., haptic feedback, sensor feedback, video, audio, or the like) , which may have differing requirements, and may share the same multi-modal service identifier (e.g., for a single XR service) . Some aspects relate to various conditions that may trigger UE cooperation between the anchor UE and the companion UE.
[0051] Some aspects relate to adaptively selecting the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, the network node or a core network may select the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode based at least in part on channel state, congestion state, available resource, or the like. The network node may signal the selected first UE cooperation mode or second UE cooperation mode dynamically, such as in downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) .
[0052] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to help to ensure that coordination between the anchor UE and the companion UE can successfully support a multi-modal service (e.g., an XR service) . For example, the network traffic splitting information may identify how and / or when to split traffic across the anchor UE and the companion UE in UE cooperation scenarios.
[0053] In some examples, the described techniques can be used to improve performance (e.g., data rate and / or transmission reliability) of one or more network packets. For example, the indication may help to satisfy one or more network traffic metric requirements (e.g., for XR traffic) . In some examples, if the anchor UE reports a bad channel state, strong CLI, poor SINR, poor RSRP, or the like, then the network node may indicate that the anchor UE is to operate in the first UE cooperation mode, which may help to improve a data rate of the one or more network packets. Or, if the anchor UE experiences a strong channel state, low CLI, strong SINR, strong RSRP, or the like, then the network node may indicate that the anchor UE is to communicate in the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node may transmit and / or receive duplicate network packets, which may help to enhance transmission reliability of the one or more network packets.
[0054] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0055] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0056] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0057] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, XR and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0058] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0059] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes a network node (NN) 110a and a network node 110b. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Fig. 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c. In some examples, a UE 120 may also communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110. In some examples, the UE 120b may be an anchor UE, the UE 120c may be a companion UE, and the UE 120b and the UE 120c may cooperate with each other to facilitate wireless communication.
[0060] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0061] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0062] A network node 110 and / or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 140 of the UE 120 or a processing system 145 of the network node 110. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0063] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0064] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 of the UE 120 or by the processing system 145 of the network node 110) .
[0065] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0066] A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0067] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0068] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0069] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0070] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110.
[0071] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0072] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and that of the UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0073] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0074] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0075] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot format indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0076] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -RSRP parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0077] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0078] The network node 110 or the UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110 or the UE 120 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0079] The network node 110 or the UE 120 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0080] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 110 and / or UE 120 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 110b may generate one or more beams 160a, and the UE 120b may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0081] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 and / or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 110 and / or a UE 120 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0082] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160a of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160b of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 110 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0083] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, one or more network nodes 110, one or more UEs 120, and / or one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples) . For example, in an deployment where AI / ML functionality is performed independently at a device 165, sometimes referred to as “overlay AI / ML” , the AI / ML model (or an instance or portion of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at a UE 120 (for example, at the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, at the processing system 145) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, in a deployment where AI / ML functionality is coordinated between different devices 165, sometimes referred to as “coordinated AI / ML” , or performed at all device and network layers, sometimes referred to as “native AI / ML” , the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices 165 (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples of coordinated AI / ML and / or native AI / ML, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100 (for example, to increase privacy, reliability, and / or efficient use of network bandwidth, and / or to reduce latency, among other examples) . For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0084] Accordingly, in some examples, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI-as-a-Service (for example, an end-to-end AI / ML service via a user plane) for use cases such as a self-organizing network (SON) , minimization of drive test (MDT) , quality of experience (QoE) , positioning, sensing, predictive mobility, and / or traffic prediction, among other examples. In some examples, AI-as-a-Service use cases may include measurement collection reporting by a UE 120, device selection criteria (for example, according to a geographical area where measurements are to be collected and / or UE capabilities to be used to collected measurements) , and / or reporting configurations (for example, reporting parameters such as location, time, and / or sensor information, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI / ML procedures (for example, RAN-triggered service establishment, configuration, inferencing using UE-side and / or network-side models, performance monitoring and / or management, and / or capability signaling, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable RAN-based AI / ML services via one or more application program interfaces (APIs) and / or management interfaces for use cases such as beam management, radio resource monitoring (RRM) relaxation, mobility prediction, load prediction, network energy savings, and / or coverage and capacity improvements, among other examples) .
[0085] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0086] In some aspects, the communication manager 150 may receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0087] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 155 may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE 120 and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0088] In some aspects, the communication manager 155 may transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0089] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 200 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated network node architecture 200 may include a CU 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 250 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 260 and / or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 270 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 240 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0090] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 200, including the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, the Near-RT RICs 270, the Non-RT RICs 250, and the SMO Framework 260, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0091] In some aspects, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. For example, a DU 230 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 210. Each RU 240 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230.
[0092] The SMO Framework 260 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 210, a DU 230, an RU 240, a non-RT RIC 250, and / or a Near-RT RIC 270. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 280, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 240 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0093] The Non-RT RIC 250 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 270. The Non-RT RIC 250 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 270. The Near-RT RIC 270 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, and / or an O-eNB 280 with the Near-RT RIC 270.
[0094] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 270, the Non-RT RIC 250 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 270 and may be received at the SMO Framework 260 or the Non-RT RIC 250 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 250 or the Near-RT RIC 270 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 250 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 260 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0095] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240, or any other component (s) of Fig. 1 and / or Fig. 2 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with handling network traffic for UE cooperation, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1700 of Fig. 17, process 1800 of Fig. 18, process 1900 of Fig. 19, process 2000 of Fig. 20, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1700 of Fig. 17, process 1800 of Fig. 18, process 1900 of Fig. 19, process 2000 of Fig. 20, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0096] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the UE 120 and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and / or means for communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and / or means for selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 2102 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 21) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 2104 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 21) , among other examples.
[0097] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the UE 120 and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and / or means for communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic. In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for transmitting, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and / or means for selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 2202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 22) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 2204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 22) , among other examples.
[0098] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 associated with XR, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0099] Example 300 includes an edge cloud 310 (e.g., an edge cloud that performs game rendering) , a network node 110, and a UE 120 (e.g., an XR device, such as an XR headset) . An uplink 320 from the UE 120 to the network node 110 may support 100 bytes at 300 Hz, and a downlink 330 from the network node 110 to the UE 120 may support over 100 kilobytes at 45-90 frames per second (fps) .
[0100] High-speed, low-latency, and high-reliability wireless connectivity may support XR-like applications. For example, advanced applications (such as those running on edge cloud 310) may need to meet strict system requirements relating to data rate, latency, and power consumption. For example, one such system requirement that addresses low-latency and high-reliability may be that 99%, 99.9%, or 99.99%packets of XR traffic should be delivered in accordance with a packet delay budget (PDB) requirement (e.g., within 20 ms, 15 ms, 10 ms, or less than 10 ms) . If a latency of a frame upon arrival at the receiver (e.g., the UE 120) is greater than the required PDB, then the frame is considered to be a failure.
[0101] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0102] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 associated with multi-modal XR traffic and devices, in accordance with the present disclosure. “Multi-modal XR traffic” refers to XR traffic that includes multiple traffic flows, such as a traffic flow associated with haptic feedback, a traffic flow associated with sensor feedback, a traffic flow associated with video, a traffic flow associated with audio, and / or the like. The traffic flows (e.g., service data flows) may have respective requirements (e.g., for latency, reliability, synchronization, or the like) , and may share a multi-modal service identifier that refers to a multi-modal communication service for the multi-modal XR traffic.
[0103] Example 400 includes first UEs 410 (for example, UEs 120) , a second UE 420 (e.g., a UE 120) , a network node 110, and an application server 430. In some examples, the first UEs 410 may be smart gloves configured to sense movement (e.g., movement of a user’s hands) , and the second UE 420 may be virtual reality glasses configured to display video and / or output audio. As shown by reference number 440, the first UEs 410 may transmit, and the application server 430 may receive, via the network node 110, a traffic flow associated with haptic feedback (e.g., XR packets indicating the movement of the user’s hands) . As shown by reference number 450, the application server 430 may transmit, and the second UE 420 may receive, via the network node 110, a traffic flow associated with video and a traffic flow associated with audio (e.g., based at least in part on the movement of the user’s hands) . In some examples, the traffic flows may be referred to as service data flows.
[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0105] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples 500 and 510 associated with UE cooperation, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0106] Example 500 shows a first topology in which an anchor UE 520 (e.g., a UE 120) communicates with a network node 110 via a companion UE 530 (e.g., a UE 120) . For example, the anchor UE 520 may deliver most or all packets to the companion UE 530, and the companion UE 530 may assist by transmitting the delivered packets to the network node 110. In some examples, the companion UE 530 may have a better SINR and / or channel quality indicator (CQI) than the anchor UE 520. For example, the anchor UE 120 may be a shadowing or cell-edge UE having poor SINR and / or CQI (e.g., due to a blockage) , and thus may face challenges in communicating with the network node 110 independently. Additionally, or alternatively, the companion UE 530 may be high-capability UE, and the anchor UE 520 may be a low-capability UE, such as a small-factor device with small battery, limited energy and / or power, or the like. Accordingly, the companion UE 530 may assist the anchor UE 520 with transmitting uplink data, receiving downlink data, and / or performing complex operations or measurements associated with radio resource management (RRM) , SSBs, beam management, control signals, or the like. For example, the companion UE 530 may assist the anchor UE 520 with XR services having tight requirements, such as latency requirements less than 10 ms.
[0107] Example 510 shows a second topology in which the anchor UE 520 and the companion UE 530 communicate with the network node 110 and with each other. The companion UE 530 may thereby help to satisfy high data rate requirements, low latency requirements, or the like. For example, the anchor UE 520 may be an XR UE, and the companion UE 530 may be a wearable UE that assists the anchor UE 520 to transmit and / or receive XR traffic. In some examples, the wearable UE and / or the XR UE may include one or two antennas and have limited communication capabilities, and UE cooperation may help to improve data rates (e.g., by enabling a single-layer communication to become two or more simultaneous layers) .
[0108] As a result, UE cooperation may help to improve system performance. For example, distributed antennas in multiple devices (e.g., across the wearable UE and the XR UE) may introduce spatial gains. Simultaneous transmissions using multiple layers can reduce latency, which may be helpful in latency-sensitive services, such as XR, that require a PDB of 20 ms, 15 ms, 10 ms, or less than 10 ms. Additionally, or alternatively, UE cooperation may help to conserve power. For example, single-device transmissions may last longer than transmissions over multiple layers using UE cooperation, which can help to conserve energy at devices having small batteries (e.g., XR UEs) . For example, if the traffic is split equally between the wearable UE and the XR UE, then the data rate may almost double, compared to a transmission using a single UE. Moreover, the transmission may be completed in a shorter time frame using UE cooperation, which may help to achieve power savings.
[0109] In some examples, the anchor UE 520 and the companion UE 530 may operate in various UE cooperation modes. In a first UE cooperation mode, the companion UE 530 may transmit or receive partial traffic on behalf of the anchor UE 520 (e.g., via traffic splitting) , which may help to increase data rates. For example, the first UE cooperation mode may be implemented in example 500 and / or example 510. In a second UE cooperation mode, the companion UE 530 may transmit or receive duplicated traffic on behalf of the anchor UE 520, which may help to enhance communication reliability. For example, the second UE cooperation mode may help to maintain the reliability of XR traffic above 95%, 99%, 99.9%, or 99.99%.
[0110] In example 510, the anchor UE 520 and the companion UE 530 both deliver traffic to the network node 110 independently, and the delivered traffic involves the same service. As a result, without identifying how and / or when to split traffic across the anchor UE 520 and the companion UE 530 in UE cooperation scenarios, the service can fail, due to lack of coordination across the anchor UE 520 and the companion UE 530. Furthermore, depending on the specific scenario, one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may outperform the other of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, if the anchor UE 520 experiences a bad channel state, strong CLI, poor SINR, poor RSRP, or the like, and is not operating in the first UE cooperation mode, then the data rate may decrease; otherwise, if the anchor UE 520 experiences a strong channel state, low CLI, strong SINR, strong RSRP, or the like, and is not operating in the second UE cooperation mode, then the transmission reliability may decrease.
[0111] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0112] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with signaling for network traffic splitting in UE cooperation scenarios, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some examples, the UE 120 may be an anchor UE, such as the anchor UE 520. Some examples described in connection with Fig. 6 may involve a companion UE, such as the companion UE 530. For example, the UE 120 and the companion UE may be cooperative. For example, the UE 120 may be an XR device, such as an XR head mounted device, that has poor data processing capabilities and / or a limited quantity of antennas. The companion UE may be a smartphone that has strong data processing capabilities and / or multiple (e.g., four) antennas. As shown in Fig. 6, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another.
[0113] As shown by reference number 610, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE 120 and the companion UE. The network traffic splitting information may be associated with the UE 120 and the companion UE in that the network traffic splitting information may indicate splitting information of network traffic between the UE 120 and the companion UE. In some aspects, the network traffic may be associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The network traffic may be associated with the first modality and the second modality in that the network traffic may belong to at least one of a traffic flow of the first modality or a traffic flow of the second modality. In some aspects, the first modality may correspond to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality may correspond to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type. In some examples, the first modality and the second modality may correspond to respective traffic flows having differing requirements, and may share the same multi-modal service identifier (e.g., for the same XR service) . For example, the first modality may have a small data volume and require a small PDB (e.g., less than 10 ms) , and the second modality may have a large data volume and allow for a large PDB (e.g., greater than 20 ms) . In some examples, the first network traffic flow type and / or the second network traffic flow type may include haptic, sensor, video, audio, or the like.
[0114] In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the network traffic splitting information. For example, the UE 120 may request or indicate a network traffic split via a MAC-CE or UCI. In some examples, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality. A metric may be associated with a modality in that the metric may be a requirement or threshold to which a network flow of the modality is to adhere. The one or more first metrics or second metrics may relate to PDB, latency, reliability, or the like. In some examples, the network traffic splitting information may associate the first modality with the UE 120 and the second modality with the companion UE. The first modality may be associated with the UE 120 in that network traffic of the first modality may be transmitted to and from the UE 120. The second modality may be associated with the companion UE in that network traffic of the second modality may be transmitted to and from the companion UE. For example, the network traffic splitting information may indicate a network traffic split for network flows corresponding, respectively, to the first modality and the second modality based at least in part on the first and second metric (s) . Thus, for example, the UE 120 may split the first modality to the companion UE, which may increase communication speed with the network node 110 for the first (latency-sensitive) modality. The UE 120 may retain responsibility for the second (non-latency-sensitive) modality. The network node 110 may intelligently schedule transmissions for the first modality at the companion UE and transmissions for the second modality at the UE 120.
[0115] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the network traffic splitting information. For example, the network node 110 may indicate the traffic split to the UE 120 and the companion UE. In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on the one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and the one or more second metrics associated with the second modality. In some examples, the network traffic splitting information may associate the first modality with the UE 120 and the second modality with the companion UE. For example, the network node 110 may allocate the first modality to the UE 120 and the second modality to the companion UE based at least in part on the first and second metric (s) and the capability reports of the UE 120 and the companion UE. For example, the UE 120 and the companion UE may transmit respective capability reports via control signaling.
[0116] As shown by reference number 620, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic. In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the one or more network packets. For example, the network node 110 may, depending on how the network traffic splitting information indicated that the network traffic is to be split, transmit one or more network packets to the UE 120 and / or one or more network packets to the companion UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the one or more network packets. For example, the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may, depending on how the network traffic splitting information indicated that the network traffic is to be split, each transmit one or more network packets to the network node 110.
[0117] In some aspects (e.g., where the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, the network traffic splitting information) , the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, one or more of a scheduling request (SR) , a buffer status report (BSR) , or a remaining delay budget (RDB) . For example, the UE 120 may transmit the SR, the BSR, and / or the RDB to the network node 110 using a dynamic scheduling mechanism. The SR, the BSR, and / or the RDB may include information that enables or assists the network node 110 to schedule the one or more network packets. For example, the SR, the BSR, and / or the RDB may include information relating to network traffic that is buffering at the UE 120. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a scheduling grant based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB. For example, the scheduling grant may schedule the one or more network packets. In some aspects, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.
[0118] In some aspects, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE 120 or a capability of the companion UE. The capabilities may include data processing and / or transmission or reception capabilities. For example, the capability of the UE 120 may include a poor data processing capability and / or a limited quantity of antennas of the UE 120, and the capability of the companion UE may include a strong data processing capability and / or a higher quantity of antennas of the companion UE. Thus, for example, network traffic of the first (latency-sensitive) modality may be allocated to the (higher-capability) companion UE to assist with network traffic reception and / or transmission. In some examples, the network node 110 may allocate the first and second modalities based at least in part on the capabilities of the UE 120 and / or the companion UE.
[0119] In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE 120. The UE cooperation indication may trigger UE cooperation with the companion UE (e.g., trigger the companion UE to assist the UE 120) . The channel state metric may be associated with the UE 120 in that the channel state metric may indicate a channel state of a channel between the UE 120 and the network node 110. The channel state metric may be RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, or the like. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a poor channel state, as indicated by the channel state metric, such as low RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, or the like. For example, the poor channel state may be caused by the UE 120 being at the cell edge. The UE cooperation indication may enable the companion UE –which may have a better channel state (e.g., as indicated by SINR, CQI, or the like) than the UE 120 –to deliver data for the UE 120, which may have a worse channel state (e.g., as indicated by SINR, CQI, or the like) than the companion UE.
[0120] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a configuration of a channel state metric threshold. For example, the configuration of the channel state metric threshold may be carried via RRC signaling. The UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold. For example, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric falling below the channel state metric threshold. For example, if the channel state metric (e.g., a measured SINR) is below the channel state metric threshold, then the UE 120 may transmit the UE cooperation indication. If the state metric (e.g., the measured SINR) is above the channel state metric threshold, then the UE 120 may refrain from transmitting the UE cooperation indication.
[0121] In some aspects, the channel state metric may be based at least in part on a blockage. For example, the channel state metric may fall below the channel state metric threshold due to the blockage, which may trigger the UE 120 to transmit, and the network node 110 to receive, the UE cooperation indication. The blockage (e.g., a shelter, a body part (such as a hand) , or the like) may shield a beam from the network node 110 to the UE 120. As a result, the UE 120 may be unable to transmit or receive communications to or from the network node 110 effectively. For example, the UE 120 may be unable to transmit or receive network traffic within a required PDB and / or with a required reliability. The UE 120 may identify the presence of a blockage by measuring a downlink reference signal.
[0122] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, UE cooperation information associated with the UE 120 and the companion UE. The UE cooperation information may be associated with the UE 120 and the companion UE in that the UE cooperation information may establish, or trigger establishment of, a UE cooperation relationship between the UE 120 and the companion UE. In some examples, the UE cooperation indication may be a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information. The UE cooperation activation indication may activate, or trigger activation of, UE cooperation in accordance with the UE cooperation relationship. For example, the UE 120 may trigger assistance from the companion UE using the UE cooperation activation indication. In some examples, the companion UE may transmit the UE cooperation activation indication. The UE cooperation activation indication may be carried via UCI or MAC-CE. The UE cooperation information may be transmitted with or separately from the network traffic splitting information.
[0123] In some aspects, the UE cooperation indication may be a UE cooperation activation request. The UE cooperation activation request may request to activate, or trigger activation of, UE cooperation. For example, the UE 120 may transmit, to the network node 110, a limited quantity of bits (e.g., via UCI) that indicate the UE cooperation activation request and / or information regarding the channel state metric. The network node 110 may determine whether or not to trigger UE cooperation based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, the UE cooperation information. For example, the network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, the UE cooperation information via DCI or a MAC-CE.
[0124] In some aspects, the network traffic splitting information may be based at least in part on one or more video frame types. For example, the network traffic splitting information may be based at least in part on a relative importance of packets having different video frame types. For example, the network traffic splitting information may indicate that a video frame type with a highest relative importance is to be transmitted with higher reliability.
[0125] In some aspects, the one or more video frame types may include one or more of an intra-coded frame (I-frame) , a predicted frame (P-frame) , or a bidirectional predicted frame (B-frame) . For example, a relative importance of an I-frame may be greater than that of a P-frame or a B-frame because an I-frame may enable self-decoding, and P-frames and B-frames rely on I-frames for decoding. Therefore, network packets belonging to I-frames may be transmitted with higher reliability. For example, network packets belonging to I-frames may be transmitted by either the UE 120 or the companion UE, whichever has a higher channel state metric (e.g., SINR, CQI, or the like) . In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit (e.g., via DCI or a MAC-CE) the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on the relative importance of the network packets in accordance with the video frame type of the network packets. Additionally, or alternatively, the network traffic splitting information may be based at least in part on CSI of the UE 120 and / or CSI of the companion UE. For example, the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, uplink reports indicating the CSI.
[0126] In some aspects, the network traffic splitting information may indicate a static network traffic splitting rule. For example, the network node 110 may explicitly indicate (e.g., configure) , in the network traffic splitting information, that the UE 120 is to perform network traffic splitting according to the static network traffic splitting rule. The static network traffic splitting rule may be fixed in a wireless communication standard. In some examples, the static network traffic splitting rule may indicate that the higher-capability UE or the UE having a higher channel state metric is to deliver network packets with a higher relative importance. For example, if the companion UE has better CSI than the UE 120, then the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to split network flows of higher relative importance to the companion UE. If the companion UE has a worse CSI than the UE 120, then the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to transmit network flows of higher relative importance. The network node 110 may indicate the static network traffic splitting rule (e.g., a network traffic splitting scheme) to the UE 120 via a scheduling DCI, a non-scheduling DCI, or a MAC-CE.
[0127] Aspects discussed above relate to network traffic splitting in lower layers (e.g., Layer 1 or Layer 2) , such as in the RAN. The following aspects relate to network traffic splitting in higher layers (e.g., the application layer) for uplink and / or downlink. The network traffic splitting may be processed in protocol data unit set metadata for XR, and control plane signaling (e.g., enhanced real-time transport protocol with header extensions (RTP-HE) ) may indicate the network traffic splitting information. For example, the two endpoints (e.g., the UE 120 and an application server) may negotiate the network traffic split via RTP-HE using session description protocol (SDP) offer / answer signaling. In negotiating the network traffic split, the UE 120 may consider available resources of the companion UE and / or a capability of the companion UE.
[0128] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a non-access stratum (NAS) signal that includes the network traffic splitting information, which may include downlink network traffic splitting information. For example, the application server (and / or the core network) may identify and / or perform the network traffic splitting for downlink network traffic. The application server and / or core network may share the downlink network traffic splitting information via control plane signaling (e.g., RTP-HE) with the network node 110 and / or a user plane function (UPF) . For example, the downlink network traffic splitting information may be transmitted from an application function (AF) to the network node 110 in the following sequence: the AF, a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , the network node 110. Additionally, or alternatively, the downlink network traffic splitting information may be transmitted from the AF to the UPF in the following sequence: the AF, the PCF, the SMF, the UPF. Upon receiving the downlink network traffic splitting information, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may receive, the NAS signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information. The network node 110 may intelligently schedule transmissions based at least in part on the downlink network traffic splitting information.
[0129] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a control plane signal that includes the network traffic splitting information, which may include uplink network traffic splitting information. For example, the application client (e.g., the UE 120) may identify and / or perform the network traffic splitting for uplink network traffic based at least in part on an indication from the network node 110, the static network traffic splitting rule, and / or the like. The UE 120 may share the uplink network traffic splitting information via uplink control plane signaling (e.g., RTP-HE) with the network node 110 and / or the UPF.
[0130] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.
[0131] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with network-transmitted network traffic splitting information, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, a companion UE 710, a UE 120, and a network node 110 may communicate with one another.
[0132] As shown by reference number 720, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, network traffic splitting information. As shown by reference number 730, the network node 110 may transmit, and the companion UE 710 may receive, network traffic splitting information. The network traffic splitting information may indicate that the UE 120 is to handle network traffic associated with a first modality, and the companion UE 710 is to handle network traffic associated with a second modality. As shown by reference number 740, the UE 120 and the companion UE 710 may perform the network traffic split (e.g., by exchanging network traffic) . As shown by reference number 750, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the first modality (“modality x” ) . As shown by reference number 760, the companion UE 710 and the network node 110 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the second modality ( “modality y” ) .
[0133] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0134] Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating examples 800A and 800B associated with a UE cooperation indication that is based at least in part on a channel state metric, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, a companion UE 710, a UE 120, and a network node 110 may communicate with one another.
[0135] Example 800A involves a UE cooperation activation indication. As shown by reference number 805, the companion UE 710 and the UE 120 may communicate UE cooperation information to establish a UE cooperation relationship. As shown by reference number 810, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the UE cooperation activation indication, which may be based at least in part on the UE cooperation information. As shown by reference number 815, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a first modality. As shown by reference number 820, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a second modality. As shown by reference number 825, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may communicate one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the first modality ( “modality x” ) . As shown by reference number 830, the companion UE 710 and the network node 110 may communicate one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the second modality ( “modality y” ) . The UE 120, the companion UE 710, and the network node 110 may communicate the one or more network packets based at least in part on previously communicated network traffic splitting information.
[0136] Example 800B involves a UE cooperation activation request. As shown by reference number 835, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the UE cooperation activation request. As shown by reference number 840, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a first modality. As shown by reference number 845, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a second modality. The network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 and / or the companion UE 710 may receive, network traffic splitting information with the one or more scheduling grants. As shown by reference number 850, the companion UE 710 and the UE 120 may communicate UE cooperation information to establish a UE cooperation relationship. As shown by reference number 855, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the first modality ( “modality x” ) . As shown by reference number 860, the companion UE 710 and the network node 110 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic associated with the second modality (“modality y” ) .
[0137] As indicated above, Figs. 8A and 8B are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 8A and 8B.
[0138] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with an NAS signal that includes network traffic splitting information, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 9, a companion UE 710, a UE 120, a network node 110, and a core network ( “CN” ) 910 may communicate with one another.
[0139] As shown by reference number 920, the network node 110 may transmit, and the core network 910 may receive, state information of the companion UE 710 and / or the UE 120. For example, the state information may indicate a channel state metric associated with the companion UE 710 and / or a channel state metric associated with the UE 120. The network node 110 may receive the channel state metric (s) in one or more UE reports transmitted by the companion UE 710 and / or the UE 120. As shown by reference number 930, the core network 910 may perform network traffic split processing for the companion UE 710 and the UE 120. For example, the core network 910 may generate the network traffic splitting information. As shown by reference number 940, the core network 910 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the network traffic splitting information. As shown by reference number 950, the core network 910 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a first NAS signal that includes the network traffic splitting information. As shown by reference number 960, the core network 910 may transmit, and the companion UE 710 may receive, a second NAS signal that includes the network traffic splitting information. As shown by reference number 970, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a first modality. As shown by reference number 980, the network node 110 may transmit, and the companion UE 710 may receive, one or more scheduling grants for one or more network packets of network traffic associated with a second modality. For example, the network node 110 may perform intelligent scheduling based at least in part on the UE state information and / or the network traffic splitting information.
[0140] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 9.
[0141] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with signaling for adaptive traffic split modes in UE cooperation scenarios, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some examples, the UE 120 may be an anchor UE, such as the anchor UE 520. Some examples described in connection with Fig. 10 may involve a companion UE, such as the companion UE 530. For example, the UE 120 and the companion UE may be cooperative.
[0142] As shown by reference number 1010, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The first UE cooperation mode may be associated with network traffic splitting in that the first UE cooperation mode may enable a companion UE 530 to transmit or receive partial traffic on behalf of the UE 120 (e.g., via traffic splitting) . The second UE cooperation mode may be associated with network traffic duplication in that the second UE cooperation mode may enable the companion UE may transmit or receive duplicated traffic on behalf of the anchor UE 120. The indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may be carried in DCI or a MAC-CE. In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters. A UE cooperation mode parameter may be a parameter that impacts a selection of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode by the network node 110 (e.g., the selection may be indicated by the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode) . For example, a UE cooperation mode parameter may be a UE capability, CSI, an RRM measurement, a CLI measurement, available resources, traffic requirements, or the like. The one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters may be “variable” in the sense that the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters may change over time. For example, the network node 110 may dynamically select the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode using instant information indicated by the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters. The instant information may include channel state, congestion state, available resource, or the like. In some examples, the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters may be reported by, and indicate instant information pertaining to, the UE 120 and / or the companion UE.
[0143] As shown by reference number 1020, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may selectively communicate one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. As used herein, “selectively” performing an operation means to either perform the operation or refrain from performing the operation. For example, selectively performing an operation based on whether a condition is satisfied means that the operation is performed if the condition is satisfied and that the operation is not performed if the condition is not satisfied (or vice versa) . Thus, selectively performing an operation may include determining whether to perform the operation and then either performing the operation or refraining from performing the operation based on that determination. For example, the UE 120 may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive) the one or more network packets if the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode indicates the first UE cooperation mode and indicates that the UE 120 should transmit or receive at least some of the network traffic, or if the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode indicates the second UE cooperation mode. The UE 120 may refrain from communicating the one or more network packets if the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode indicates the first UE cooperation mode and indicates that the companion UE should transmit and / or receive all of the network traffic. The one or more network packets may include uplink packets and / or downlink packets.
[0144] In some aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may be based at least in part on information associated with a core network. The information may indicate whether the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is selected and / or additional details for the selected UE cooperation mode. In some examples, the core network may perform network traffic splitting. The information may be associated with the core network in that the core network may generate the information (e.g., the core network may select the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode) . For example, the core network may generate the information based at least in part on the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, which the network node 110 may transmit to the core network. The core network may transmit the information to the network node 110. The network node 110 may transmit the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, and / or the core network may transmit the information, using user plane signaling and / or control plane signaling. The network node 110 may intelligently schedule the network traffic based at least in part on the information received from the core network. For example, if the companion UE is to receive all network traffic, then the network node 110 may not schedule the UE 120 to receive network traffic from the network node 110 during a given time window in which the UE 120 is to receive network traffic from the companion UE, which may help to prevent network traffic transmitted by the network node 110 from overlapping with network traffic transmitted by the companion UE. As a result, the intelligent scheduling may help to reduce interference, which may help low-capability XR UEs (e.g., the UE 120) to successfully carry out XR operations. Additionally, or alternatively, if the companion UE is to receive partial network traffic and / or if the companion UE is to operate in the second UE cooperation mode, then the network node 110 may perform intelligent scheduling to maintain synchronization of multi-modality XR service network flows.
[0145] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 10.
[0146] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 associated with an indication to cease selective communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0147] Example 1100 shows a plurality of time resources (e.g., OFDM symbols, slots, or the like) in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. As shown by reference number 1110, the UE 120 may receive the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode during the third time resource. In this example, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may be the first UE cooperation mode, in which the companion UE handles all of the network traffic. As shown by reference number 1120, a switch from the UE 120 to the companion UE may occur, based at least in part on the indication, such that the companion UE transmits the uplink communications or receives the downlink communications. As shown, the companion UE may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the subsequent three time resources.
[0148] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1130, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to back off from the previous indication (reference number 1110) . For example, the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to cease splitting network traffic based at least in part on the one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters. As shown, the UE 120 may receive the indication during the sixth time resource. The indication may be carried via DCI or MAC-CE. As shown by reference number 1140, a switch from the companion UE to the UE 120 may occur such that the UE 120 transmits the uplink communications or receives the downlink communications. For example, the UE 120 may revert to handling communications that the UE 120 was handling before receiving the previous indication (reference number 1110) .
[0149] As indicated above, Fig. 11 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 11.
[0150] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example 1200 associated with the first UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0151] In some aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication that the first UE cooperation mode is selected. For example, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode may be based at least in part on a poor state of the UE 120 (e.g., in accordance with CSI, CLI, or the like) , which may worsen the RSRP, SINR, block error rate (BLER) , or the like, thereby preventing network traffic metrics from being satisfied. The network node 110 may select the first UE cooperation mode based at least in part on identifying the poor state of the UE 120.
[0152] Example 1200 shows a plurality of time resources in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. As shown by reference number 1210, the UE 120 may receive the indication of the first UE cooperation mode during the third time resource. As shown by reference number 1220, a switch may occur, based at least in part on the indication, such that the UE 120 transmits or receives 20%of the network traffic and the companion UE transmits or receives 80%of the network traffic. This particular network traffic splitting scheme may be appropriate in cases where the UE 120 is experiencing a level of interference such that the RSRP, SINR, or BLER is in a moderately (but not severely) degraded state, which may enable the UE 120 to carry partial network traffic. In some examples, the network node 110 may indicate, with or as part of the indication of the first UE cooperation mode, the network traffic splitting scheme where the UE 120 transmits or receives 20%of the network traffic and the companion UE transmits or receives 80%of the network traffic.
[0153] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode. For example, the candidate network traffic splitting schemes may allocate proportions of the network traffic to the UE 120 and the companion UE (e.g., a 50%-50%split, a 20%-80%split, a 0%-100%split, and / or the like) . The network node 110 may configure the candidate network traffic splitting schemes via RRC signaling. The network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes. For example, the selected network traffic splitting scheme may allocate 20%of the network traffic to the UE 120 and 80%of the network traffic to the companion UE, as shown in example 1200. The indication of the first UE cooperation mode may include the indication of the selected network traffic splitting scheme, and may be carried via DCI or MAC-CE. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may selectively communicate the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme. For example, the UE 120 may transmit, receive, refrain from transmitting, and / or refrain from receiving network traffic depending on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.
[0154] As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 12.
[0155] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example 1300 associated with the second UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0156] In some aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may be an indication of the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 (and / or the companion UE) may receive, an indication that the second UE cooperation mode is selected. For example, the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 and / or the companion UE are to transmit network traffic in the second UE cooperation mode based at least in part on the instant information of the UE 120 and the companion UE.
[0157] Example 1300 shows a plurality of time resources in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. As shown by reference number 1310, the UE 120 may receive the indication of the second UE cooperation mode during the third time resource. As shown by reference number 1320, a switch from the UE 120 to the companion UE may occur, based at least in part on the indication, such that the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic. As shown, the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic in the subsequent three time resources.
[0158] As shown by reference number 1330, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to back off from the previous indication (reference number 1310) . For example, the network node 110 may indicate that the companion UE is to cease handling duplicated network traffic. As shown, the UE 120 may receive the indication during the sixth time resource. The indication may be carried via DCI or MAC-CE. As shown by reference number 1340, a switch from the companion UE to the UE 120 may occur such that the UE 120 transmits the uplink communications or receives the downlink communications. For example, the UE 120 may revert to handling communications that the UE 120 was handling before receiving the previous indication (reference number 1310) .
[0159] As indicated above, Fig. 13 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 13.
[0160] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example 1400 associated with switching between UE cooperation modes, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0161] Example 1400 shows a plurality of time resources in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1410, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the indication may select the second UE cooperation mode. As shown by reference number 1420, a switch to the second UE cooperation mode may occur, based at least in part on the indication, such that the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic. As shown, the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic in the subsequent three time resources.
[0162] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 1430, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the indication may select the first UE cooperation mode. Thus, for example, the network node 110 may indicate a selected UE cooperation mode to the UE 120 and / or the companion UE dynamically. As shown by reference number 1440, a switch may occur, based at least in part on the indication, to the first UE cooperation mode. For example, the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may trigger an adaptive switch in UE cooperation modes. Thus, in example 1400, the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 and the companion UE are to enter the second UE cooperation mode and then indicate that the UE 120 and the companion UE are to enter the first UE cooperation mode (e.g., the network node 110 may adaptively select a 20%-80%network traffic splitting scheme (e.g., instead of switching back to a default UE cooperation mode in which the UE 120 transmits and receives 100%of the network traffic) .
[0163] The network node 110 and the UE 120 may selectively communicate one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, in the first UE cooperation mode, the UE 120 may transmit or receive 20%of the network traffic, and the companion UE may transmit or receive 80%of the network traffic. The network node 110 may transmit the indications (reference number 1410 and reference number 1430) via DCI or MAC-CE.
[0164] As indicated above, Fig. 14 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 14.
[0165] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example 1500 associated with a time duration of a UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0166] Example 1400 shows a plurality of time resources in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. As shown by reference number 1510, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In example 1500, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is the first UE cooperation mode.
[0167] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. The indication of the time duration may be associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode in that the time duration may be a length of time for which the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is to persist. For example, the time duration may be a time window of the effective duration of the indicated UE cooperation mode and / or network traffic splitting scheme. In example 1500, the time duration may indicate a length of time for which the second UE cooperation mode is to persist. The network node 110 may transmit the indication of the time duration with or separately from the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit the indication of the time duration, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, and / or the network traffic splitting scheme via DCI or MAC-CE.
[0168] As shown by reference number 1520, a switch to the second UE cooperation mode may occur, based at least in part on the indication, such that the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic. As shown, the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic in the subsequent three time resources. For example, the time duration ( “T” or “Tw” ) may be equal to three time resources. As shown by reference number 1530, upon expiration of the time duration (e.g., after the subsequent three time resources) , the UE 120 and the companion UE may switch back to a default UE cooperation mode in which the UE 120 transmits and receives 100%of the network traffic. In some examples, the network node 110 may indicate the default UE cooperation mode.
[0169] As indicated above, Fig. 15 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 15.
[0170] Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example 1600 associated with a time delay for a UE cooperation mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0171] Example 1600 shows a plurality of time resources in which the UE 120 and / or the companion UE may be scheduled for uplink or downlink communications. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications in the first three time resources. As shown by reference number 1610, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the indication may select the second UE cooperation mode.
[0172] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. The indication of the time delay may be associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode in that the time duration may be a length of time between a time at which the UE 120 receives the indication and a time at which the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is to begin. For example, the time delay may be a time gap between reception of the indication and the actual switching (e.g., a switch to the first UE cooperation mode, the second UE cooperation mode, and / or to a network traffic splitting scheme) . The time delay may be sufficiently large that the UE 120 can perform adaptive switching in accordance with the indication. Thus, the time delay may depend on the capabilities of the UE 120. In some examples, the network node 110 may transmit, and the companion UE may receive, another indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. The other time delay may be sufficiently large that the companion UE can perform adaptive switching in accordance with the indication, and thus, the time delay may depend on the capabilities of the companion UE. Because the UE 120 and the companion UE can have different capabilities, the time delay and the other time delay may differ. The time delay may be indicated and / or measured, for example, in OFDM symbols. In example 1600, the time delay may indicate a length of time between a time at which the UE 120 receives the indication and a time at which the second UE cooperation mode is to persist. For example, the time delay may be X OFDM symbols. As shown by reference number 1620, a switch to the second UE cooperation mode may occur, after the time delay has expired (e.g., after X OFDM symbols) , such that the UE 120 and the companion UE transmit and receive duplicated network traffic.
[0173] As shown by reference number 1630, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the indication may select the first UE cooperation mode. As shown by reference number 1640, a switch to the first UE cooperation mode may occur in accordance with a network traffic splitting scheme that allocates 20%of the network traffic to the UE 120 and 80%of the network traffic to the companion UE. The switch may occur after a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode has expired (e.g., after Y OFDM symbols) . The time delay may be the same as or different from the previous time delay (e.g., X may or may not equal Y) .
[0174] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an RRC signal that includes the indication of the time delay. For example, the RRC signal may configure a “worst case” time delay (e.g., a time delay that will provide sufficient time for the UE 120 to switch, given a worst possible set of conditions) . For example, the time delay may be greater than M OFDM symbols, where M is a quantity of symbols within which the UE 120 may have insufficient time to switch given the worst possible set of conditions.
[0175] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a MAC-CE or DCI that includes the indication of the time delay. For example, the MAC-CE or DCI may specify the time delay (e.g., X OFDM symbols) . The network node 110 may identify an appropriate time delay based at least in part on the capabilities of the UE 120, which the network node 110 may obtain from a UE capability report. The MAC-CE or DCI may also include, or may be separate from, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0176] As indicated above, Fig. 16 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 16.
[0177] The network traffic splitting information may help to ensure that coordination between the UE 120 and the companion UE can successfully support a multi-modal service (e.g., an XR service) . For example, the network traffic splitting information may identify how and / or when to split traffic across the UE 120 and the companion UE in UE cooperation scenarios.
[0178] The UE 120 transmitting the network traffic splitting information may help to implement a network traffic split in accordance with the network traffic splitting information quickly and with high performance. For example, the UE 120 may use information about the UE 120 that other network devices may not have access to (or may be unable to access as quickly as the UE 120) to generate the network traffic splitting information.
[0179] The network node 110 transmitting the network traffic splitting information may help to reduce processing resources that are consumed at the UE 120 due to the network traffic splitting information. For example, generation of the network traffic splitting information may be offloaded to the network node 110.
[0180] The UE cooperation indication may help to improve reliability metrics (e.g., for XR traffic) . For example, XR-related traffic may require a minimal SINR to satisfy reliability metrics (e.g., PDB) , and if the UE 120 transitions to a poor channel state (e.g., due to entering a blind spot) and cannot satisfy the reliability metrics independently, then UE cooperation may help to satisfy the reliability metrics.
[0181] The indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may help to improve performance (e.g., data rate and / or transmission reliability) of the one or more network packets. For example, the indication may help to satisfy one or more network traffic metric requirements (e.g., for XR traffic) . In some examples, if the UE 120 reports a bad channel state, strong CLI, poor SINR, poor RSRP, or the like, then the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to selectively communicate (depending on how much data the companion UE will carry) in the first UE cooperation mode, which may help to improve a data rate of the one or more network packets. Or, if the UE 120 experiences a strong channel state, low CLI, strong SINR, strong RSRP, or the like, then the network node 110 may indicate that the UE 120 is to communicate in the second UE cooperation mode. For example, the network node 110 may transmit and / or receive duplicate network packets, which may help to enhance transmission reliability of the one or more network packets.
[0182] The time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode may help to reduce signaling overhead. For example, indicating the time duration may help to enable the network node 110 to avoid transmitting an indication to switch to another UE cooperation mode.
[0183] An RRC signal including the indication of the time delay may help to reduce signaling overhead. For example, the RRC signal may apply to multiple UE cooperation mode switches.
[0184] A MAC-CE or DCI including the indication of the time delay may help to increase switching times (e.g., decrease the time delays) in at least some instances. For example, the MAC-CE or DCI may indicate different values for respective time delays, and at least some of the values may be lower than others.
[0185] Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1700 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1700 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with network traffic handling for UE cooperation.
[0186] As shown in Fig. 17, in some aspects, process 1700 may include communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier (block 1710) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 2102, transmission component 2104, and / or communication manager 2106, depicted in Fig. 21) may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier, as described above.
[0187] As further shown in Fig. 17, in some aspects, process 1700 may include communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic (block 1720) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 2102, transmission component 2104, and / or communication manager 2106, depicted in Fig. 21) may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic, as described above.
[0188] Process 1700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0189] In a first aspect, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes transmitting the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0190] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes receiving the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0191] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1700 includes transmitting one or more of an SR, a BSR, or a RDB, and receiving, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, and communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.
[0192] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes communicating the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE or a capability of the companion UE.
[0193] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 1700 includes transmitting a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE.
[0194] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1700 includes receiving a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, and transmitting the UE cooperation indication includes transmitting the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold.
[0195] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the channel state metric is based at least in part on a blockage.
[0196] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process 1700 includes receiving UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, and the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.
[0197] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation request, and process 1700 includes receiving, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE.
[0198] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the network traffic splitting information is based at least in part on one or more video frame types.
[0199] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the one or more video frame types include one or more of an I-frame, a P-frame, or a B-frame.
[0200] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the network traffic splitting information indicates a static network traffic splitting rule.
[0201] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the network traffic splitting information includes downlink network traffic splitting information, and communicating the downlink network traffic splitting information includes receiving an NAS signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information.
[0202] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the network traffic splitting information includes uplink network traffic splitting information, and communicating the uplink network traffic splitting information includes transmitting a control plane signal that includes the uplink network traffic splitting information.
[0203] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the first modality corresponds to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality corresponds to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type.
[0204] Although Fig. 17 shows example blocks of process 1700, in some aspects, process 1700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 17. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1700 may be performed in parallel.
[0205] Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1800 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1800 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with network traffic handling for UE cooperation.
[0206] As shown in Fig. 18, in some aspects, process 1800 may include receiving, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication (block 1810) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 2102 and / or communication manager 2106, depicted in Fig. 21) may receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication, as described above.
[0207] As further shown in Fig. 18, in some aspects, process 1800 may include selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets (block 1820) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 2102, transmission component 2104, and / or communication manager 2106, depicted in Fig. 21) may selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets, as described above.
[0208] Process 1800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0209] In a first aspect, process 1800 includes receiving an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0210] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode.
[0211] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1800 includes receiving a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode, and receiving an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, and selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.
[0212] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the second UE cooperation mode.
[0213] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, and process 1800 includes receiving an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, and selectively communicating one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0214] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1800 includes receiving an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0215] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1800 includes receiving an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0216] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, receiving the indication of the time delay includes receiving an RRC signal that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0217] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, receiving the indication of the time delay includes receiving a MAC-CE or DCI that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0218] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is based at least in part on information associated with a core network.
[0219] Although Fig. 18 shows example blocks of process 1800, in some aspects, process 1800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 18. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1800 may be performed in parallel.
[0220] Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1900 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1900 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with network traffic handling for UE cooperation.
[0221] As shown in Fig. 19, in some aspects, process 1900 may include communicating network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier (block 1910) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 2202, transmission component 2204, and / or communication manager 2206, depicted in Fig. 22) may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier, as described above.
[0222] As further shown in Fig. 19, in some aspects, process 1900 may include communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic (block 1920) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 2202, transmission component 2204, and / or communication manager 2206, depicted in Fig. 22) may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic, as described above.
[0223] Process 1900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0224] In a first aspect, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes receiving the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0225] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes transmitting the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0226] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1900 includes receiving one or more of an SR, a BSR, or a RDB, and transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, and communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.
[0227] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, communicating the network traffic splitting information includes communicating the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE or a capability of the companion UE.
[0228] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 1900 includes receiving a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE.
[0229] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1900 includes transmitting a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, and receiving the UE cooperation indication includes receiving the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold.
[0230] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the channel state metric is based at least in part on a blockage.
[0231] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process 1900 includes transmitting UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, and the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.
[0232] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation request, and process 1900 includes transmitting, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE.
[0233] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the network traffic splitting information is based at least in part on one or more video frame types.
[0234] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the one or more video frame types include one or more of an I-frame, a P-frame, or a B-frame.
[0235] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the network traffic splitting information indicates a static network traffic splitting rule.
[0236] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the network traffic splitting information includes downlink network traffic splitting information, and communicating the downlink network traffic splitting information includes transmitting an NAS signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information.
[0237] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the network traffic splitting information includes uplink network traffic splitting information, and communicating the uplink network traffic splitting information includes receiving a control plane signal that includes the uplink network traffic splitting information.
[0238] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the first modality corresponds to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality corresponds to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type.
[0239] Although Fig. 19 shows example blocks of process 1900, in some aspects, process 1900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 19. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1900 may be performed in parallel.
[0240] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example process 2000 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 2000 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with network traffic handling for UE cooperation.
[0241] As shown in Fig. 20, in some aspects, process 2000 may include transmitting, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication (block 2010) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 2204 and / or communication manager 2206, depicted in Fig. 22) may transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication, as described above.
[0242] As further shown in Fig. 20, in some aspects, process 2000 may include selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets (block 2020) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 2202, transmission component 2204, and / or communication manager 2206, depicted in Fig. 22) may selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets, as described above.
[0243] Process 2000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0244] In a first aspect, process 2000 includes transmitting an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0245] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode.
[0246] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 2000 includes transmitting a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode, and transmitting an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, and selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.
[0247] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the second UE cooperation mode.
[0248] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, and the process 2000 includes transmitting an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, and selectively communicating one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0249] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 2000 includes transmitting an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0250] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 2000 includes transmitting an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0251] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, transmitting the indication of the time delay includes transmitting an RRC signal that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0252] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, transmitting the indication of the time delay includes transmitting a MAC-CE or DCI that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0253] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is based at least in part on information associated with a core network.
[0254] Although Fig. 20 shows example blocks of process 2000, in some aspects, process 2000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 20. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 2000 may be performed in parallel.
[0255] Fig. 21 is a diagram of an example apparatus 2100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 2100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 2100. In some aspects, the apparatus 2100 includes a reception component 2102, a transmission component 2104, and / or a communication manager 2106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 2106 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 2100 may communicate with another apparatus 2108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 2102 and the transmission component 2104. The communication manager 2106 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the UE.
[0256] In some aspects, the apparatus 2100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-16. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 2100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1700 of Fig. 17, process 1800 of Fig. 18, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 2100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 21 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 21 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0257] The reception component 2102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 2108. The reception component 2102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 2100. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 2100. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE.
[0258] The transmission component 2104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 2108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 2100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 2104 for transmission to the apparatus 2108. In some aspects, the transmission component 2104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 2108. In some aspects, the transmission component 2104 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 2104 may be co-located with the reception component 2102.
[0259] The communication manager 2106 may support operations of the reception component 2102 and / or the transmission component 2104. For example, the communication manager 2106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 2102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 2104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 2106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 2102 and / or the transmission component 2104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0260] The reception component 2102 and / or the transmission component 2104 may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The reception component 2102 and / or the transmission component 2104 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic. In some aspects, the transmission component 2104 may transmit one or more of an SR, a BSR, or a RDB. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, wherein communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant. In some aspects, the transmission component 2104 may transmit a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, wherein transmitting the UE cooperation indication includes transmitting the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.
[0261] The reception component 2102 may receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The reception component 2102 and / or the transmission component 2104 may selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, wherein selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, the reception component 2102 may receive an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0262] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 21 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 21. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 21 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 21 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 21 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 21.
[0263] Fig. 22 is a diagram of an example apparatus 2200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 2200 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 2200. In some aspects, the apparatus 2200 includes a reception component 2202, a transmission component 2204, and / or a communication manager 2206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 2206 is the communication manager 155 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 2200 may communicate with another apparatus 2208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 2202 and the transmission component 2204. The communication manager 2206 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 145 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the network node.
[0264] In some aspects, the apparatus 2200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-16. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 2200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1900 of Fig. 19, process 2000 of Fig. 20, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 2200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 22 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 22 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0265] The reception component 2202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 2208. The reception component 2202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 2200. In some aspects, the reception component 2202 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 2200. In some aspects, the reception component 2202 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network node. In some aspects, the reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 2200 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0266] The transmission component 2204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 2208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 2200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 2204 for transmission to the apparatus 2208. In some aspects, the transmission component 2204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 2208. In some aspects, the transmission component 2204 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 2204 may be co-located with the reception component 2202.
[0267] The communication manager 2206 may support operations of the reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204. For example, the communication manager 2206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 2202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 2204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 2206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0268] The reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204 may communicate network traffic splitting information associated with a UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier. The reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204 may communicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic. In some aspects, reception component 2202 may receive one or more of an SR, a BSR, or a RDB. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, wherein communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant. In some aspects, reception component 2202 may receive a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, wherein receiving the UE cooperation indication includes receiving the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication. The reception component 2202 and / or the transmission component 2204 may selectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, wherein selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode. In some aspects, transmission component 2204 may transmit an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0269] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 22 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 22. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 22 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 22 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 22 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 22.
[0270] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0271] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: communicating network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0272] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes transmitting the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0273] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes receiving the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0274] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, further comprising: transmitting one or more of a scheduling request (SR) , a buffer status report (BSR) , or a remaining delay budget (RDB) ; and receiving, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, wherein communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.
[0275] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes communicating the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE or a capability of the companion UE.
[0276] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, further comprising: transmitting a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE.
[0277] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, further comprising: receiving a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, wherein transmitting the UE cooperation indication includes transmitting the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold.
[0278] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the channel state metric is based at least in part on a blockage.
[0279] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 6, further comprising: receiving UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.
[0280] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation request, the method further comprising: receiving, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE.
[0281] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the network traffic splitting information is based at least in part on one or more video frame types.
[0282] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the one or more video frame types include one or more of an intra-coded frame (I-frame) , a predicted frame (P-frame) , or a bidirectional predicted frame (B-frame) .
[0283] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the network traffic splitting information indicates a static network traffic splitting rule.
[0284] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes downlink network traffic splitting information, and wherein communicating the downlink network traffic splitting information includes receiving a non-access stratum (NAS) signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information.
[0285] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes uplink network traffic splitting information, and wherein communicating the uplink network traffic splitting information includes transmitting a control plane signal that includes the uplink network traffic splitting information.
[0286] Aspect 16: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0287] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 16, further comprising: receiving an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0288] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 16-17, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode.
[0289] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, further comprising: receiving a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode; and receiving an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, wherein selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.
[0290] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 16-19, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the second UE cooperation mode.
[0291] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 16-20, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode; and selectively communicating one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0292] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 16-21, further comprising: receiving an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0293] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 16-22, further comprising: receiving an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0294] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 23, wherein receiving the indication of the time delay includes receiving a radio resource control (RRC) signal that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0295] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 23, wherein receiving the indication of the time delay includes receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0296] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 16-25, wherein indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is based at least in part on information associated with a core network.
[0297] Aspect 27: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: communicating network traffic splitting information associated with a user equipment (UE) and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; and communicating, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.
[0298] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes receiving the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0299] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 27-28, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes transmitting the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, and wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.
[0300] Aspect 30: The method of Aspect 29, further comprising: receiving one or more of a scheduling request (SR) , a buffer status report (BSR) , or a remaining delay budget (RDB) ; and transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, wherein communicating the one or more network packets includes communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.
[0301] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 27-30, wherein communicating the network traffic splitting information includes communicating the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE or a capability of the companion UE.
[0302] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 27-31, further comprising: receiving a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE.
[0303] Aspect 33: The method of Aspect 32, further comprising: transmitting a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, wherein receiving the UE cooperation indication includes receiving the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold.
[0304] Aspect 34: The method of Aspect 32, wherein the channel state metric is based at least in part on a blockage.
[0305] Aspect 35: The method of Aspect 32, further comprising: transmitting UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.
[0306] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 32, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation request, the method further comprising: transmitting, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE.
[0307] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 27-36, wherein the network traffic splitting information is based at least in part on one or more video frame types.
[0308] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the one or more video frame types include one or more of an intra-coded frame (I-frame) , a predicted frame (P-frame) , or a bidirectional predicted frame (B-frame) .
[0309] Aspect 39: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the network traffic splitting information indicates a static network traffic splitting rule.
[0310] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 27-39, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes downlink network traffic splitting information, and wherein communicating the downlink network traffic splitting information includes transmitting a non-access stratum (NAS) signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information.
[0311] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 27-40, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes uplink network traffic splitting information, and wherein communicating the uplink network traffic splitting information includes receiving a control plane signal that includes the uplink network traffic splitting information.
[0312] Aspect 42: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; and selectively communicating, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.
[0313] Aspect 43: The method of Aspect 42, further comprising: transmitting an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0314] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 42-43, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode.
[0315] Aspect 45: The method of Aspect 44, further comprising: transmitting a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode; and transmitting an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, wherein selectively communicating the one or more network packets includes selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.
[0316] Aspect 46: The method of any of Aspects 42-45, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the second UE cooperation mode.
[0317] Aspect 47: The method of any of Aspects 42-46, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, the method further comprising: transmitting an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode; and selectively communicating one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0318] Aspect 48: The method of any of Aspects 42-47, further comprising: transmitting an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0319] Aspect 49: The method of any of Aspects 42-48, further comprising: transmitting an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.
[0320] Aspect 50: The method of Aspect 49, wherein transmitting the indication of the time delay includes transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) signal that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0321] Aspect 51: The method of Aspect 49, wherein transmitting the indication of the time delay includes transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) that includes the indication of the time delay.
[0322] Aspect 52: The method of any of Aspects 42-51, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is based at least in part on information associated with a core network.
[0323] Aspect 53: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0324] Aspect 54: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0325] Aspect 55: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0326] Aspect 56: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0327] Aspect 57: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0328] Aspect 58: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0329] Aspect 59: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-52, 60, or 61.
[0330] Aspect 60: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the first modality corresponds to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality corresponds to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type.
[0331] Aspect 61: The method of any of Aspects 27-41, wherein the first modality corresponds to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality corresponds to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type.
[0332] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. No element, act, or instruction described herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such.
[0333] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0334] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or “asingle one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0335] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , searching, inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0336] As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” or “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0337] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to:communicate network traffic splitting information associated with the UE and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; andcommunicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the UE to transmit the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the UE to receive the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:transmit one or more of a scheduling request (SR) , a buffer status report (BSR) , or a remaining delay budget (RDB) ; andreceive, based at least in part on the one or more of the SR, the BSR, or the RDB, a scheduling grant, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the one or more network packets, are configured to cause the UE to communicate the one or more network packets based at least in part on the scheduling grant.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the UE to communicate the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more of a capability of the UE or a capability of the companion UE.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:transmit a UE cooperation indication based at least in part on a channel state metric associated with the UE.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive a configuration of a channel state metric threshold, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the UE cooperation indication, are configured to cause the UE to transmit the UE cooperation indication based at least in part on the channel state metric satisfying the channel state metric threshold.8.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the channel state metric is based at least in part on a blockage.9.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation indication that is based at least in part on the UE cooperation information.10.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the UE cooperation indication is a UE cooperation activation request, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive, based at least in part on the UE cooperation activation request, UE cooperation information associated with the UE and the companion UE.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network traffic splitting information is based at least in part on one or more video frame types.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more video frame types include one or more of an intra-coded frame (I-frame) , a predicted frame (P-frame) , or a bidirectional predicted frame (B-frame) .13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the network traffic splitting information indicates a static network traffic splitting rule.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes downlink network traffic splitting information, and wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the downlink network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the UE to receive a non-access stratum (NAS) signal that includes the downlink network traffic splitting information.15.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network traffic splitting information includes uplink network traffic splitting information, and wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to communicate the uplink network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the UE to transmit a control plane signal that includes the uplink network traffic splitting information.16.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first modality corresponds to a first network traffic flow of a first network traffic type, and the second modality corresponds to a second network traffic flow of a second network traffic type.17.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to:receive, based at least in part on one or more variable UE cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; andselectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive an indication to cease selectively communicating the one or more network packets based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the first UE cooperation mode.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive a configuration of one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes associated with the first UE cooperation mode; andreceive an indication of a selected network traffic splitting scheme of the one or more candidate network traffic splitting schemes, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to selectively communicate the one or more network packets, are configured to cause the UE to selectively communicate the one or more network packets based at least in part on the selected network traffic splitting scheme.21.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of the second UE cooperation mode.22.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is an indication of a first one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive an indication of a second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode; andselectively communicate one or more additional network packets based at least in part on the indication of the second one of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.23.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive an indication of a time duration associated with the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.24.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive an indication of a time delay associated with a switch to the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the indication of the time delay, are configured to cause the UE to receive a radio resource control (RRC) signal that includes the indication of the time delay.26.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the indication of the time delay, are configured to cause the UE to receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI) that includes the indication of the time delay.27.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode is based at least in part on information associated with a core network.28.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to:communicate network traffic splitting information associated with a user equipment (UE) and a companion UE, the network traffic splitting information indicating splitting information of network traffic associated with a first modality corresponding to a multi-modal service identifier and a second modality corresponding to the multi-modal service identifier; andcommunicate, based at least in part on the network traffic splitting information, one or more network packets of the network traffic.29.The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to communicate the network traffic splitting information, are configured to cause the network node to receive the network traffic splitting information based at least in part on one or more first metrics associated with the first modality and one or more second metrics associated with the second modality, wherein the network traffic splitting information associates the first modality with the UE and the second modality with the companion UE.30.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to:transmit, based at least in part on one or more variable user equipment (UE) cooperation mode parameters, an indication of a first UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic splitting or a second UE cooperation mode associated with network traffic duplication; andselectively communicate, based at least in part on the indication of the first UE cooperation mode or the second UE cooperation mode, one or more network packets.