Partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques
Partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques address power consumption and modulation complexity issues in wireless communication by applying CCDM on MSBs of a constellation, enhancing performance and reducing quantization loss.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in reducing power consumption and modulation complexity, particularly at small blocklengths and high modulation orders, due to quantization losses in constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) probabilistic shaping.
Implementing partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques by applying CCDM bit shaping on most significant bits (MSBs) of a constellation while leaving least significant bits (LSBs) unshaped, reducing modulation complexity and quantization loss.
Improves device performance and reduces power consumption by minimizing quantization loss and complexity, especially at small blocklengths and high modulation orders.
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Figure CN2024134449_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PARTIAL SYMBOL PROBABILISTIC SHAPING TECHNIQUESFIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0003] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0004] A method for wireless communications by a first wireless device is described. The method may include mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including most significant bits (MSBs) of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include least significant bits (LSBs) of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0005] A first wireless device for wireless communications is described. The first wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to map a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and transmit the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0006] Another first wireless device for wireless communications is described. The first wireless device may include means for mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and means for transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to map a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and transmit the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0008] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for communicating one or more capability reports indicative of a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0009] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, communicating the one or more capability reports may include operations, features, means, or instructions for communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.
[0010] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels includes a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels includes a partial probabilistic shaping.
[0011] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first modulation order includes a 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation order, and the second modulation order includes a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0012] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for switching between full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation and partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation based on satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more metrics include one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the set of multiple amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0014] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0015] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the one or more messages via downlink control information (DCI) signaling, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0016] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits and the set of multiple sign bits to the MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits.
[0017] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.
[0018] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits includes a partial symbol shaping scheme for the set of multiple modulation symbols.
[0019] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the modulation constellation includes an amplitude constellation.
[0020] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the CCDM shaping may be associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0021] A method for wireless communications by an apparatus is described. The method may include obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0022] An apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to obtain a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and decode the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include means for obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and means for decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to obtain a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and decode the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0025] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining, from a second wireless device, one or more capability reports indicative a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0026] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, communicating the one or more capability reports may include operations, features, means, or instructions for communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.
[0027] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels includes a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels includes a partial probabilistic shaping.
[0028] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first modulation order includes a 256 QAM modulation order, and the second modulation order includes a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0029] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics indicates full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation.
[0030] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more metrics include one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the set of multiple amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0031] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0032] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the one or more messages may include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting the one or more messages via DCI signaling, RRC signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0033] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits and the set of multiple sign bits to the MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits.
[0034] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.
[0035] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits includes a partial symbol shaping scheme for the set of multiple modulation symbols.
[0036] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the modulation constellation includes an amplitude constellation.
[0037] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the CCDM shaping may be associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0038] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] FIGs. 1 and 2 show examples of wireless communications systems that support partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 3 shows an example of a partial symbol shaping scheme that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 4 shows an example of a transmission flow that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIGs. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIGs. 14 through 17 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] Devices in a wireless communications system may communicate using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , in which data is encoded by adjusting both the amplitude and the phase of a signal. For example, a wireless device may transmit one or more symbols at a particular phase and amplitude, which may be at an index associated with a point on a QAM constellation. A uniformly distributed QAM constellation (e.g., where all constellation points in the QAM constellation have an equal or similar probability of being transmitted) may consume more energy or power than a non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation (e.g., where some constellation points associated with lower power consumption have a higher probability of being transmitted than other constellation points associated with higher power consumption) . Thus, the wireless device may employ probabilistic shaping (e.g., distribution matching, such as constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) ) to reduce power consumption. For example, the wireless device may adjust a transmission probability at each QAM constellation point to match a target probability distribution (e.g., a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) , such that symbols are transmitted more frequently at lower-power constellation points near the center of the QAM constellation than at higher-power constellation points near the edge of the QAM constellation. In some cases, however, when the coding block length is relatively small (e.g., for finite blocklengths smaller than a threshold length such as 100 symbols) or when the modulation order is large (e.g., greater than a threshold modulation order, such as 1024 QAM) , CCDM with a quantized Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution may incur significant performance loss due to quantization.
[0051] To improve performance at small blocklengths and to reduce modulation complexity, a wireless device may support partial symbol shaping techniques. For example, the wireless device may apply CCDM bit shaping on a subset of bit levels (e.g., most significant bits (MSBs) ) of a constellation, and may leave the remaining bits (e.g., least significant bits (LSBs) ) unshaped. Such partial shaping may reduce the complexity incurred by quantization. For example, a bit string corresponding to a modulation constellation may be: [0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0001, 0000, 0010, 0011, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 1101, 1100, 0010, 1111] , where each group of four bits is mapped to a particular constellation that has a different amplitude level in the constellation. In some aspects, the wireless device may apply CCDM on a first subset of the bit levels (e.g., a quantity of MSBs) of the constellation, while leaving a second subset of the bit levels (e.g., a quantity of LSBs) of the constellation unshaped.
[0052] In such examples, constellations that share the same MSBs (e.g., constellations that share either 01, 00, 10, or 11 MSBs) may be associated with the same probability distribution, which may result in a reduced total quantization quantity. For example, the composition of the sequence may be defined on an alphabet with cardinality 4 (e.g., symbols labeled by 00, 01, 10, 11) , instead of 16 in the full symbol-level CCDM, which may result in relatively less quantization loss at finite blocklengths, which may improve device performance while reducing modulation complexity.
[0053] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to a partial symbol shaping scheme, a transmission flow, a process flow, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques.
[0054] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0055] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0056] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0057] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0058] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0059] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0060] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0061] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0062] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0063] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0064] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0065] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0066] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0067] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0068] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of TS=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0069] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0070] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0071] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0072] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0074] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0075] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0076] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0077] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0078] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0079] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0080] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0081] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0082] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0083] Some wireless devices (e.g., UEs 115, network entities 105) may support QAM to encode data by adjusting both the amplitude and the phase of a signal. A uniformly distributed QAM constellation (e.g., where symbols are transmitted with a same or similar probability at each point in the QAM constellation) may be relatively more energy-intensive than a non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation. Thus, the wireless device may use probabilistic shaping (e.g., distribution matching such as CCDM) to reduce power consumption. For example, the wireless device may adjust a transmission probability at each QAM constellation point to match a target probability distribution (e.g., a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) , such that symbols are transmitted more frequently at lower-power constellation points near the center of the QAM constellation than at higher-power constellation points near the edge of the QAM constellation. In some cases, however, CCDM with a quantized Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution may incur significant performance loss due to quantization at small blocklengths (e.g., finite blocklengths having a length that is less than a threshold length, such as less than 100 symbols) , at high modulation orders e.g., modulation orders exceeding a threshold length, such as greater than or equal to 1024 QAM) , or both.
[0084] To improve performance at small blocklengths and to reduce modulation complexity, a wireless device may support partial symbol shaping techniques. For example, the wireless device may apply CCDM bit shaping to a subset of bit levels (e.g., MSBs) of a constellation, and may leave the remaining bits (e.g., LSBs) unshaped. In such examples, constellations that share the same MSBs may be associated with the same probability distribution (rather than each individual constellation having a unique probability) , which may result in a reduced total quantization quantity, improving device performance while also reducing modulation complexity.
[0085] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may support communications at or by wireless devices (e.g., a wireless device 205) , each of which may be examples of UEs 115, network entities 105, or both, described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0086] A wireless device 205 may support coherent transmission techniques, some of which may be based on QAM, which uses a combination of a phase and amplitude of a signal to encode bits of data. For example, a 16 QAM constellation may have 16 constellation points encoding 4 bits each (although different QAM constellations, different quantities of constellation points, and different quantities of encoding bits are possible) . Each constellation point may include a combination of phase and amplitude. For example, phase may be represented by an angle, and amplitude may be represented by a distance from the center of the constellation.
[0087] In some implementations, each constellation point has a same probability of being used or selected (the probabilities for each constellation point are uniformly distributed) . For example, the outer constellation points (with higher amplitudes and higher energy and / or power) , have the same probability of being used as inner constellation points (with lower amplitudes and lower energy and / or power) . In some other implementations, probabilistic shaping 210 may be implemented so that, instead of a uniform distribution of probabilities, the probabilities of the constellation points are non-uniformly distributed so that the lower energy inner constellation points may be used relatively more frequently than the higher energy outer constellation points. Such probabilistic shaping techniques may support enhanced modulation granularity, improved noise and nonlinearity tolerance, among other potential advantages. In some aspects, a wireless device may perform probabilistic shaping by shaping a set of K information bits and leaving a set of M2 uniform bits unshaped. The wireless device may then input both the shaped K bits and the unshaped M2 bits into an encoder (e.g., a high rate systematic forward error correcting code) , which outputs a set of shaped systematic bits, a set of unshaped systematic bits, and a set of parity bits. QAM modulation is then implemented, which may map the set of shaped systematic bits to the amplitude of the constellation, while mapping the set of unshaped systematic bits and the parity bits to the sign of the constellation. The wireless device 205 may then transmit non-uniformly distributed QAM constellations.
[0088] In some aspects, a wireless device 205 may transmit one or more symbols at a particular phase and amplitude, which may be at an index associated with a point on a QAM constellation. A uniformly distributed QAM constellation 215-a (e.g., where symbols are transmitted with an equal or similar probability at each point in the QAM constellation, and that is not subject to probabilistic shaping) may consume more energy or power than a non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation 215-b. Thus, the wireless device 205 may employ probabilistic shaping 210 (e.g., distribution matching, such as CCDM) to reduce power consumption with the same spectral efficiency (e.g., to improve spectral efficiency with the same transmit power) . For example, probabilistic shaping or distribution matching may implement or be likened to “inverse source coding, ” and may convert uniformly distributed information bits or amplitude bits to non-uniformly distributed information bits or amplitude bits. In some implementations, the wireless device 205 may adjust a symbol transmission frequency or probability at one or more of the QAM constellation points to match a target probability distribution defined on the symbol-level (e.g., a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) , such that symbols are transmitted more frequently at lower-power constellation points near the center of the QAM constellation than at higher-power constellation points near the edge of the QAM constellation. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution may be defined as where p (x) is the probability of a point or symbol, v is a parameter that controls the shape of the constellation, and has a value greater than or equal to zero, and x is the constellation.
[0089] In some implementations, achieving a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution may involve a symbol-level shaping scheme (e.g., CCDM, arithmetic coding, among other shaping schemes) . For example, a CCDM shaping scheme may refer to a shaping scheme where each sequence of uniform information bits is shaped into a sequence of amplitude symbols that have a constant composition, and the constant composition may be determined from the target probability distribution via quantization. As an illustrative example, for a sequence of bits that includes a first quantity of possible symbol values A, B, C, and D, the composition of the sequence may be determined by how many A values are present in the sequence, how many B values are present in the sequence, how many C values are present in the sequence, and how many D values are present in the sequence. That is, the composition of the symbol sequence may refer to the frequency of each symbol in the symbol sequence. In some examples, a CCDM scheme may utilize a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution as the target probability distribution, and may implement quantization on the distribution. For example, when quantizing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with parameter v = 0.01 over 1024 QAM, the target probability distribution may be: [0.2234 0.2063 0.1758 0.1383 0.1004 0.0673 0.0416 0.0238 0.0125 0.0061 0.0027 0.0011 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000] Supported on the amplitude set {1, 3, 5, . . . ., 31} of cardinality 16 (although other target probability distributions are possible) . For such examples, the quantized composition is equal to [23, 20, 18, 14, 10, 7, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] , and a wireless device 205 may implement CCDM to map a sequence of information bits to a symbol sequence with this fixed composition.
[0090] In some implementations where the quantity of symbols is small (e.g., small finite blocklengths such as less than 100 symbols) , however, CCDM schemes may result in quantization loss relative to CCDM on relatively larger symbol quantities (e.g., greater than 100 symbols) , and correspondingly a relatively large performance loss (e.g., several dB) . Additionally, or alternatively, certain symbol-level shaping schemes such as CCDM may be associated with relatively higher latencies and complexity for high throughput systems (e.g., 100 Gbps for 6G systems and beyond) , and additional performance losses when modulation orders are large. In some cases, a system may utilize energy-based shaping techniques (or other more complex approaches) , but such techniques may also incur significant area (e.g., hardware space) , complexity, and power costs to wireless devices.
[0091] To improve performance at small blocklengths and to reduce modulation complexity, a wireless device 205 may support partial symbol shaping techniques. For example, for a set of bits that jointly map to an amplitude constellation, the wireless device 205 may apply CCDM bit shaping on a subset of amplitude bit levels (e.g., MSBs) of a constellation, and may leave the remaining bits (e.g., LSBs) unshaped. Such partial shaping may reduce the complexity incurred by quantization. For example, for an example bitstring [0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0001, 0000, 0010, 0011, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 1101, 1100, 0010, 1111] , the first two bits of each group (e.g., or another quantity of bits corresponding to the MSBs of the group of bits) are shaped using CCDM, while the last two bits of each group (e.g., or a different quantity of bits corresponding to the LSBs) are unshaped. This may reduce complexity since groups of bits having the same MSBs are assigned a same probability level (rather than each unique group of 4 bits having a different probability level) which reduces the quantization from 16 levels down to 4 levels. In some aspects, wireless device 205 (such as a UE) may support different signaling to indicate different probabilistic shaping capabilities (e.g., via capability reporting) , and may switch between partial shaping and full shaping based on different specified factors (such as modulation order, modulation coding scheme, coding rate, shaping rate, and block length) .
[0092] In some aspects, to support partial symbol shaping, a wireless device 205 (such as a UE) may transmit a capability report 220 (e.g., capability signaling, one or more fields in a capability report) which indicate different shaping techniques supported by the wireless device. For example, the wireless device 205 may indicate support of either partial probabilistic shaping or full probabilistic shaping for 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, or both. For example, the wireless device may indicate support probabilistic shaping for 256 QAM, which may implicitly indicate (e.g., to a network entity) that the wireless device 205 supports full symbol-level probabilistic shaping on for 256 QAM and / or partial probabilistic shaping on 1024 QAM (e.g., with 3 out of 4 bit levels shaped per amplitude symbol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device 205 may explicitly indicate full symbol-level probabilistic shaping on for 256 QAM and / or partial probabilistic shaping on 1024 QAM (e.g., with 3 out of 4 bit levels shaped per amplitude symbol) . In some examples, the wireless device 205 may indicate support for full-symbol level 256 QAM probabilistic shaping and / or full-symbol level 1024 QAM probabilistic shaping. In some aspects, 1024 QAM probabilistic shaping may have increased complexity relative to lower modulation orders, however, the procedure (including algorithms, hardware, shaping and de-shaping flows) of applying 3 bit shaping for 1024 QAM (e.g., partial shaping) may be identical to 3 bit shaping on 256 QAM (e.g., full symbol-level shaping) .
[0093] In some aspects, the quantity of bits that the wireless device 205 selects for shaping (e.g., MSBs) , and the decision to switch between full symbol-level shaping and partial symbol shaping may be based on various factors. In some examples, the quantity of MSB bits shaped may be based on modulation order (e.g., the quantity of symbols available for transmission) or modulation coding scheme (MCS) (which contains the modulation order, and related data rate, shaping rate, coding rate, channel width, antenna structure) . In some examples, the quantity of MSB shaped bits may be based on coding rate or shaping rate (e.g., the ratio between a quantity of bits prior to shaping and a quantity of bits after shaping) . For higher shaping rates (e.g., higher spectral efficiency for the same coding rate) , the distribution is close to uniform, resulting in fewer shaped bit levels per amplitude symbol. In some examples, the quantity of MSB shaped bits may be based on blocklength and other relevant metrics such as transport block size, quantity of resource blocks, and / or quantity of transmission layers. In some such examples, the wireless device may shape relatively fewer bit levels to reduce quantization loss. Additionally, or alternatively, the quantity of MSB shaped bits may be based on any combination of modulation order, MCS, coding rate, shaping rate, and blocklength. In some aspects, the wireless device may comply with one or more rules, for example, the wireless device may perform 1-bit, 2-bit, 3-bit, or x-bit shaping based on modulation order, MCS, coding rate, shaping rate, and / or blocklength satisfying a threshold. In some aspects, x-bit shaping here indicates shaping for “x” bit levels per real amplitude symbol, which may be equivalent to shaping 2*x bit levels per complex modulation symbol (e.g., since each complex modulation symbol includes two real modulation symbols, which corresponds to the I and Q branch of the modulation) . In such aspects, 1-bit, 2-bit, or 3-bit shaping may be equivalent to 2-bit, 4-bit, or 6-bit shaping per complex modulation symbol.
[0094] In some other examples, a device such as a network entity (e.g., a first wireless device) may indicate, to the wireless device (e.g., a UE) , the quantity of bit levels that the wireless device may shape using partial symbol-level shaping. For example, the network entity may transmit one or more messages (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) for dynamic grant transmission, in radio resource control (RRC) signaling such as RRC for semi-persistent scheduling or configured grant transmission, in medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) ) signaling, or any combination thereof) that may indicate a selected quantity of bit levels that the wireless device may shape using the partial-symbol level shaping. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may indicate the quantity of bit levels that are shaped using the partial-symbol level shaping together with other signaling, such as together with signaling indicating the shaping parameter, MCS, modulation order, or other parameters. For example, in some cases, the MCS may be associated with one or more different MCS tables associated with different quantities of bit levels. For example, a first MCS table (e.g., MCS table A) may be associated with the shaping of a maximum of 3 bit levels, a second MSB (e.g., MCS table B) for the shaping of a maximum of 4 bit levels, and so on.
[0095] In some implementations, the network entity may configure (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, or both) a threshold number of bit levels to be used for shaping (e.g., 3 bit levels, or another quantity of bit levels) . In some examples, if the actual modulation order (e.g., scheduled via MCS via DCI) includes less than or equal to 3 amplitude bit levels, then a full symbol level shaping may be applied. In some examples, if the actual modulation order contains more than 3 amplitude bit levels, then only the 3 MSB amplitude bit levels may be shaped. That is, the network entity may include the maximum number of bit levels for shaping, and the actual number of bit levels for shaping is jointly determined from the scheduled modulation order and this maximum number.
[0096] FIG. 3 shows an example of a partial symbol shaping scheme 300 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the partial symbol shaping scheme may be implemented at or by a wireless described herein, such as a UE 115, a network entity 105, or both, described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0097] To improve CCDM performance at small blocklengths and to reduce modulation complexity, a wireless device may support partial symbol shaping techniques. For example, for a set of bits that jointly map to an amplitude constellation, the wireless device may apply CCDM bit shaping on a subset of amplitude bit levels (e.g., MSBs) of a constellation, and may leave the remaining bits (e.g., LSBs) unshaped. Such partial shaping may reduce the complexity incurred by quantization. For example, for an example bit string 305 corresponding to a 16 pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) constellation may be: [0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0001, 0000, 0010, 0011, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 1101, 1100, 0010, 1111] , where each group of four bits is mapped to a particular PAM constellation that has a different amplitude level in the constellation. In some aspects, the wireless device may apply CCDM on a subset of the bit levels (e.g., the MSBs) of the constellation. For example, the wireless device 205 may shape 1 MSB bit (while leaving 3 LSB bits unshaped) , or the wireless device 205 may shape 2 MSB bits (while leaving 2 LSB bits unshaped) , or the wireless device 205 may shape 3 MSB bits (while leaving 1 LSB bit unshaped) .
[0098] For the example of partial symbol shaping occurring on 2 MSB bits illustrated by FIG. 3, the wireless device may perform CCDM shaping on the first two bits of the bits in the bit string (e.g., for the bit string [0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0001, 0000, 0010, 0011, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 1101, 1100, 0010, 1111] , the wireless device 205 may apply CCDM shaping on the bits [01, 01, 01, 01, 00, 00, 00, 00, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 00, 11] ) . In such examples, constellations that share the same 2-bit MSBs (e.g., constellations that share either 01, 00, 10, or 11 MSBs with non-uniform probability) may be associated with the same probability distribution, that is, a same probability may be applied for 4 constellations having the same MSBs, which reduces the total quantization of the bit string from 16 quantization levels (associated with the full shaping curve in graph 310) to 4 quantization levels (corresponding to the partial CCDM shaping curve in graph 310) . For example, the composition of the sequence may be defined on an alphabet with cardinality 4 (e.g., symbols labeled by 00, 01, 10, 11) , instead of 16 in the full symbol-level CCDM, which may result in relatively less quantization loss at finite blocklengths. This partial shaping and quantized bit levels is in contrast to the full CCDM shaping, which shows a smooth or more granular change in probability as amplitude changes, which increases errors at small blocklengths.
[0099] In some examples, the 16 amplitude levels may correspond to 1024 QAM of a complex modulation symbol, where the 16 amplitude levels may be labeled or ordered in accordance with a Gray bit labeling (e.g., only one bit changes between two successive bit groups) . In such examples, each complex modulation symbol may have 10 bits (including both in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) bits, where each I and Q corresponds to 5 bits, and out of the 5 bits, one bit is mapped to the sign of constellation with remaining 4 bits mapping to 16 different amplitude levels) . In the case of partial CCDM shaping, shaping may occur on the amplitude levels.
[0100] FIG. 4 shows an example of a transmission flow 400 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the transmission flow 400 may be implemented at or by a wireless device such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105 described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0101] In some implementations, a wireless device may support a transmission flow for partial symbol CCDM. At 405, a set of information bits may be input into a demultiplexer (e.g., demux) in which the set of information bits are demultiplexed (using demultiplexer 410) into a set of separate output streams. The wireless device may perform CCDM shaping 415 on a first bit stream (where CCDM is performed on an alphabet with cardinality 2L, and L out of m-1 bit levels are shaped) , and the remaining bit streams are left unshaped. The shaped bits (b1 through bL) and the unshaped bits (bL+1 through bm-1) are fed into an encoder 420, such as a low density parity check (LDPC) encoder, (or other forward error correction (FEC) -type encoder) . The output of the encoder 420 may include a set of encoded shaped amplitude bits (b1 through bL) , a set of encoded unshaped bits (bL+1 through bm-1) , and a set of parity bits (bm) from the encoder 420, and are input to a modulation component 425, which may map the encoded bits to a modulation constellation at 430 for transmission.
[0102] In some implementations, such as with uniform QAM, the bit to constellation mapping may be a systematic bit prioritization mapping (SBPM) , in which the systematic bits may map to the MSB bits (e.g., starting from the sign bit to the first amplitude bit, then to the second amplitude bit, and so on) and the parity bits may map to the LSB bits of the modulation (e.g., the last few amplitude bit levels) . For full symbol shaping, the systematic bits may occupy all of the amplitude bits since they are shaped, and parity bits (e.g., error check bits) may be mapped to the sign bits (e.g., bits which indicate the sign of a data value represented by the sign bit) , which are not shaped. In cases of partial-symbol shaping, SBPM may be used to map the parity bits to the LSBs, and the unshaped systematic bits to the sign (e.g., the MSB) . In such examples, the bit flows may be rearranged according to [bL+1, b1, . . ., bL, bL+2, . . ., bm-1, bm] before mapping to PAM modulation, so that bL+1(e.g., the unshaped systematic bits) map to the sign, and bm (e.g., parity bits) maps to the last amplitude bits (i.e., LSB) . For example, after encoding, an interleaver may rearrange the bit flows according to [bL+1, b1, . . ., bL, bL+2, . . ., bm-1, bm] to support the partial-symbol shaping (in which case, the interleaver may be applied between the encoder 420 and the modulation component 425) .
[0103] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the process flow 500 may illustrate communications between a first wireless device 505-aand a second wireless device 505-b, each of which may be examples of UEs 115 and network entities described herein.
[0104] Alternative examples of the following may be implemented. Some steps are performed in a different order than described herein or are not performed at all. In some implementations, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added. Further, although first wireless device 505-aand a second wireless device 505-b are illustrated performing the operations of the process flow 500, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other network functions, network entities, or wireless communications devices.
[0105] At 510, the first wireless device may map a set of sign bits and a set of amplitude data bits to a respective set of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation (e.g., an amplitude constellation) in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping. In some aspects, the set of sign bits and the set of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of modulation symbols. In addition, respective first subsets of amplitude data bits may be shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping (e.g., a partial symbol shaping) , where the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits are the MSBs of the set of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol. Further, respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of amplitude data bits may be the LSBs of the set of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol.
[0106] At 515, the first wireless device 505-amay transmit, to the second wireless device 505-b, the set of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0107] In some implementations, the first wireless device 505-amay communicate (e.g., the first wireless device 505-aand the second wireless device 505-b may receive) one or more capability reports that indicate a first modulation order (e.g., 256 QAM) supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order (e.g., 1024 QAM) supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof. For example, the one or more capability reports may indicate support for full probabilistic shaping or partial probabilistic shaping for one or more modulation orders. That is, in some cases, the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels includes a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels includes a partial probabilistic shaping. In some examples, one or more capability reports may include a capability report that indicates a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.
[0108] In some examples, the first wireless device 505-amay switch between full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation and partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation based on satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics (e.g., one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more MCSs, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the set of amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof) .
[0109] In some examples, the first wireless device 505-amay receive (e.g., via RRC, DCI, system information signaling, configuration signaling, MAC-CE) one or more messages that indicate a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0110] In some aspects, the first wireless device 505-amay map, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the set of amplitude data bits and the set of sign bits to the MSBs of the set of amplitude data bits. In some aspects, the first wireless device 505-amay modify an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.
[0111] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0112] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0113] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0114] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0115] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0116] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0117] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0118] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0119] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved device performance, reduced modulation complexity, and improved shaping gain.
[0120] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0121] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0122] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0123] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a modulation component 725 an output component 730, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0124] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The modulation component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The output component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0125] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a modulation component 825, an output component 830, a capability reporting component 835, a shaping configuration component 840, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0126] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The modulation component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The output component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0127] In some examples, the capability reporting component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating one or more capability reports indicative of a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0128] In some examples, to support communicating the one or more capability reports, the capability reporting component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order. In some examples, the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels includes a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels includes a partial probabilistic shaping. In some examples, the first modulation order includes a 256 QAM modulation order, and the second modulation order includes a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0129] In some examples, the modulation component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching between full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation and partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation based on satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics. In some examples, the one or more metrics include one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the set of multiple amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0130] In some examples, the shaping configuration component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0131] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the shaping configuration component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the one or more messages via downlink control information signaling, radio resource control signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0132] In some examples, the modulation component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits and the set of multiple sign bits to the MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits.
[0133] In some examples, the modulation component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping. In some examples, shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits includes a partial symbol shaping scheme for the set of multiple modulation symbols. In some examples, the modulation constellation includes an amplitude constellation. In some examples, the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0134] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0135] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0136] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0137] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0138] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0139] In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0140] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0141] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved overall device performance, reduced modulation complexity, and improved shaping gain.
[0142] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0143] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005, or one or more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0144] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0145] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0146] The communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0147] In some examples, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0148] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0149] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0150] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0151] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved device performance, reduced modulation complexity, and improved shaping gain.
[0152] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device 1005 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communications manager 1120. The device 1105, or one or more components of the device 1105 (e.g., the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communications manager 1120) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0153] The receiver 1110 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0154] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0155] The device 1105, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a modulation mapping component 1125 a decoding component 1130, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0156] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The modulation mapping component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The decoding component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0157] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1220 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020, a communications manager 1120, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a modulation mapping component 1225, a decoding component 1230, a capability processing component 1235, an output component 1240, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0158] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The modulation mapping component 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The decoding component 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0159] In some examples, the capability processing component 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from a second wireless device, one or more capability reports indicative a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0160] In some examples, to support communicating the one or more capability reports, the capability processing component 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.
[0161] In some examples, the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels includes a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels includes a partial probabilistic shaping. In some examples, the first modulation order includes a 256 QAM modulation order, and the second modulation order includes a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0162] In some examples, satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics indicates full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation. In some examples, the one or more metrics include one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the set of multiple amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0163] In some examples, the output component 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0164] In some examples, to support receiving the one or more messages, the output component 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting the one or more messages via downlink control information signaling, radio resource control signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0165] In some examples, the modulation mapping component 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits and the set of multiple sign bits to the MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits.
[0166] In some examples, the modulation mapping component 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping. In some examples, shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits includes a partial symbol shaping scheme for the set of multiple modulation symbols. In some examples, the modulation constellation includes an amplitude constellation. In some examples, the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0167] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include components of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, and at least one processor 1335. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1340) .
[0168] The transceiver 1310 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1315, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1305. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0169] The at least one memory 1325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1330. The code 1330 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1335, cause the device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1330 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1335 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1325 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0170] The at least one processor 1335 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1335. The at least one processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1325) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques) . For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1330) to perform the functions of the device 1305. The at least one processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1305 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1325) .
[0171] In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1335) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1325) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1335 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1325 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0172] In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1305, or between different components of the device 1305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1320, the transceiver 1310, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, and the at least one processor 1335 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0173] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1320 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0174] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0175] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1305 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved overall device performance, reduced modulation complexity, and improved shaping gain.
[0176] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1310, the one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1320 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1310, one or more of the at least one processor 1335, one or more of the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1330 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1335 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques as described herein, or the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0177] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0178] At 1405, the method may include mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a modulation component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0179] At 1410, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by an output component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0180] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0181] At 1505, the method may include communicating one or more capability reports indicative of a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a capability reporting component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0182] At 1510, the method may include mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a modulation component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0183] At 1515, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping. The operations of 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by an output component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0184] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0185] At 1605, the method may include mapping a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits to a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a modulation component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0186] At 1610, the method may include receiving one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a shaping configuration component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0187] At 1615, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping. The operations of 1615 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by an output component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0188] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports partial symbol probabilistic shaping techniques in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0189] At 1705, the method may include obtaining a set of multiple sign bits and a set of multiple amplitude data bits via a set of multiple modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits being mapped to the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and where the set of multiple sign bits and the set of multiple amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and where respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits including MSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the set of multiple amplitude data bits include LSBs of the set of multiple amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the set of multiple modulation symbols. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a modulation mapping component 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0190] At 1710, the method may include decoding the set of multiple modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a decoding component 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0191] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0192] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising: mapping a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits to a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; and transmitting the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0193] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: communicating one or more capability reports indicative of a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0194] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein communicating the one or more capability reports comprises: communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.
[0195] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, wherein the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels comprises a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels comprises a partial probabilistic shaping.
[0196] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 2 through 4, wherein the first modulation order comprises a 256 QAM modulation order, and the second modulation order comprises a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0197] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: switching between full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation and partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation based at least in part on satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics.
[0198] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the one or more metrics comprise one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the plurality of amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0199] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: receiving one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0200] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: receiving the one or more messages via DCI signaling, RRC signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0201] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the LSBs of the plurality of amplitude data bits and the plurality of sign bits to the MSBs of the plurality of amplitude data bits.
[0202] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, further comprising: modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.
[0203] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprises a partial symbol shaping scheme for the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0204] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the modulation constellation comprises an amplitude constellation.
[0205] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0206] Aspect 15: A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device comprising: obtaining a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits via a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits being mapped to the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, and wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a CCDM shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols, and respective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; and decoding the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.
[0207] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: obtaining, from a second wireless device, one or more capability reports indicative a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.
[0208] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, wherein communicating the one or more capability reports comprises: communicating a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order
[0209] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 16 through 17, wherein the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels comprises a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels comprises a partial probabilistic shaping.
[0210] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 16 through 18, wherein the first modulation order comprises a 256 QAM modulation order, and the second modulation order comprises a 1024 QAM modulation order.
[0211] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 15 through 19, wherein satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics indicates full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation.
[0212] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein the one or more metrics comprise one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the plurality of amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.
[0213] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, further comprising: outputting one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.
[0214] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22, wherein receiving the one or more messages comprises: outputting the one or more messages via DCI signaling, RRC signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0215] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 15 through 23, further comprising: mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits and the plurality of sign bits to the most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits.
[0216] Aspect 25: The method of aspect 24, further comprising: modifying an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.
[0217] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 15 through 25, wherein shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprises a partial symbol shaping scheme for the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0218] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 15 through 26, wherein the modulation constellation comprises an amplitude constellation.
[0219] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 15 through 27, wherein the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.
[0220] Aspect 29: A first wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0221] Aspect 30: A first wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0222] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0223] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 28.
[0224] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 28.
[0225] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 28.
[0226] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0227] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0228] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0229] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0230] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0231] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0232] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0233] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0234] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0235] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0236] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0237] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:map a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits to a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein:respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andrespective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andtransmit the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.2.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:communicate one or more capability reports indicative of a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.3.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein, to communicate the one or more capability reports, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:communicate a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.4.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels comprises a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels comprises a partial probabilistic shaping.5.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the first modulation order comprises a 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation order, and the second modulation order comprises a 1024 QAM modulation order.6.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:switch between full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation and partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation based at least in part on satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics.7.The first wireless device of claim 6, wherein the one or more metrics comprise:one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the plurality of amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.8.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:receive one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.9.The first wireless device of claim 8, wherein, to receive the one or more messages, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:receive the one or more messages via downlink control information signaling, radio resource control signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.10.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits and the plurality of sign bits to the most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits.11.The first wireless device of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:modify an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.12.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprises a partial symbol shaping scheme for the plurality of modulation symbols.13.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the modulation constellation comprises an amplitude constellation.14.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.15.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:obtain a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits via a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits being mapped to the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein:respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andrespective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; anddecode the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:obtain, from a second wireless device, one or more capability reports indicative a first modulation order supported for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, a second modulation order supported for a subset of shaped amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the probabilistic shaping, or any combination thereof.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, to communicate the one or more capability reports, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:communicate a capability report indicative of a quantity of amplitude bit levels available to be shaped in accordance with the second modulation order.18.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the probabilistic shaping supported for all amplitude bit levels comprises a full probabilistic shaping and the probabilistic shaping supported for the subset of shaped amplitude bit levels comprises a partial probabilistic shaping.19.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first modulation order comprises a 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation order, and the second modulation order comprises a 1024 QAM modulation order.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein satisfaction of a threshold associated with one or more metrics indicates full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more metrics comprise:one or more modulation orders associated with the mapping, one or more modulation coding schemes, one or more coding rates, one or more bit shaping parameters, one or more block lengths associated with the plurality of amplitude data bits, or any combination thereof.22.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:output one or more messages indicative of a full probabilistic shaping for all amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation constellation or partial probabilistic shaping for a subset of amplitude bit levels per modulation symbol of the modulation symbol.23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein, to receive the one or more messages, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:output the one or more messages via downlink control information signaling, radio resource control signaling, system information signaling, configuration signaling, or any combination thereof.24.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:mapping, in accordance with a systematic bit prioritization mapping, a set of parity bits to the least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits and the plurality of sign bits to the most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:modify an arrangement of one or more bit flows in accordance with the systematic bit prioritization mapping.26.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein shaping of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprises a partial symbol shaping scheme for the plurality of modulation symbols.27.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the modulation constellation comprises an amplitude constellation.28.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the CCDM shaping is associated with a composition having an alphabet with a cardinality equal to two to a power of a quantity of bits of the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits.29.A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:mapping a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits to a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein:respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andrespective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andtransmitting the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.30.A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device comprising:obtaining a plurality of sign bits and a plurality of amplitude data bits via a plurality of modulation symbols of a modulation constellation, the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits being mapped to the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with a target probability distribution associated with probabilistic shaping, wherein the plurality of sign bits and the plurality of amplitude data bits are mapped to respective modulation symbols of the plurality of modulation symbols, and wherein:respective first subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits are shaped in accordance with a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) shaping, the respective first subsets of amplitude data bits comprising most significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to a respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; andrespective second subsets of amplitude data bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits comprise least significant bits of the plurality of amplitude data bits mapped to the respective modulation symbol of the plurality of modulation symbols; anddecoding the plurality of modulation symbols in accordance with the mapping.