Display panel and display apparatus
By designing pixel driving circuits and electrode sections that are alternately distributed in the display panel, the high power consumption problem caused by frequent data line signal jumps is solved, achieving the effects of reducing power consumption of the source driving circuit and optimizing electrode connection lines.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
In existing display panels, when multiple pixel driving circuits connected to the same data line drive light-emitting units of different colors respectively, the data line signal needs to switch frequently, resulting in high power consumption of the source driving circuit.
The design employs alternating pixel driving circuits and electrode sections to ensure that the first pixel driving circuit, the second pixel driving circuit, and the third pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the same row. Different colored light-emitting units are connected through multiple data lines to reduce voltage jumps on the data lines.
The power consumption of the source drive circuit was reduced, and the length distribution of the electrode connection lines was optimized, improving the convenience of electrode layout.
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Figure CN2025129582_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Display panel and display device
[0001] Cross-reference to related applications
[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411745657.0, filed on 2024 / 11 / 29 entitled "Display Panel and Display Device", the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field
[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to a display panel and a display device. Background Technology
[0004] In related technologies, the display panel includes pixel driving circuits, light-emitting units, and data lines. The pixel driving circuits drive the light-emitting units to emit light, and the data lines provide data signals to the pixel driving circuits in the same column. In these technologies, multiple pixel driving circuits connected to the same data line drive light-emitting units of different colors. During solid-color display, because the pixel driving circuits scan line by line, the signals on the data lines need to transition between different data line signals. For example, when the first row of pixel driving circuits scans, the data line drives the blue light-emitting unit to emit light; when the second row of pixel driving circuits scans, the data line drives the red light-emitting unit to turn off. Therefore, the source driving circuit used to provide data signals to the data lines has high power consumption.
[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a display panel is provided, the display panel including a plurality of light-emitting units, wherein the plurality of light-emitting units includes a first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit, and a third light-emitting unit having different colors, the display panel comprising:
[0007] Substrate;
[0008] An electrode layer is located on one side of the substrate. The electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode portions, which are used to form the first electrode of the light-emitting unit. The orthographic projections of the plurality of electrode portions on the substrate are arranged in an array along the row and column direction. The plurality of electrode portions include a first electrode portion, a second electrode portion, and a third electrode portion. The first electrode portion is used to form the first electrode of the first light-emitting unit, the second electrode portion is used to form the first electrode of the second light-emitting unit, and the third electrode portion is used to form the first electrode of the third light-emitting unit.
[0009] A pixel defining layer is located on the side of the electrode layer opposite to the substrate. The pixel defining layer has a plurality of pixel openings. The pixel openings and the electrode portions are correspondingly disposed. The orthographic projection of the pixel opening on the substrate coincides with the orthographic projection of the corresponding electrode portion on the substrate.
[0010] Multiple pixel driving circuits are arranged in an array along the row and column direction. The multiple pixel driving circuits include a first pixel driving circuit, a second pixel driving circuit, and a third pixel driving circuit. The first pixel driving circuit is used to drive the first light-emitting unit to emit light, the second pixel driving circuit is used to drive the second light-emitting unit to emit light, and the third pixel driving circuit is used to drive the third light-emitting unit to emit light.
[0011] In the same row of pixel driving circuits, the first pixel driving circuit, the second pixel driving circuit, the third pixel driving circuit, and the third pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the row direction, and in at least one column of pixel driving circuits, the first pixel driving circuit and the second pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the column direction.
[0012] In a plurality of electrode sections connected to the same row pixel driving circuit, the first electrode section, the third electrode section, the second electrode section, and the third electrode section are alternately distributed in the row direction. Some columns of the electrode sections form a multi-color electrode section column, and some columns of the electrode sections form a single-color electrode section column. The multi-color electrode section column and the single-color electrode section column are alternately distributed in the row direction. The single-color electrode section column includes a plurality of third electrode sections distributed in the column direction. The multi-color electrode section column includes a plurality of first electrode sections and second electrode sections alternately distributed in the column direction.
[0013] Multiple data lines, the orthographic projection of the multiple data lines on the substrate extends along the column direction and is spaced apart along the row direction, the data lines are connected to a pixel driving circuit, and the data lines are used to provide data signals to the pixel driving circuit connected thereto;
[0014] The plurality of data lines include a first data line, a second data line, and a third data line. At least a portion of the first data lines are connected to a plurality of first pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns but different rows. At least a portion of the second data lines are connected to a plurality of second pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns but different rows. At least a portion of the third data lines are connected to a plurality of third pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns but different rows.
[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0016] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a portion of the electrode portions form a multi-color electrode portion row, and a portion of the electrode portions form a monochromatic electrode portion row. The multi-color electrode portion row and the monochromatic electrode portion row are alternately distributed in the column direction. The monochromatic electrode portion row includes a plurality of third electrode portions distributed in the row direction, and the multi-color electrode portion row includes a plurality of first electrode portions and second electrode portions alternately distributed in the row direction.
[0017] The multiple rows of electrode portions form a multi-row electrode portion group, which includes adjacent multi-color electrode portion rows and single-color electrode portion rows. The electrode portions in the same electrode portion group are respectively arranged with the pixel driving circuit in the same row, and the electrode portions are connected to their corresponding pixel driving circuits.
[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the first column pixel driving circuit, the first pixel driving circuit and the second pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the column direction.
[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first electrode portion in the electrode portion of the xth column and the 2y+1st row is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of the xth column and the y+1st row, and the second electrode portion in the electrode portion of the xth column and the 2y+3st row is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of the xth column and the y+2nd row.
[0020] The third electrode in the electrode section of column x+1 and row 2y+2 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+2 and row y+1, and the third electrode in the electrode section of column x+1 and row 2y+4 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+1 and row y+2.
[0021] The second electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the (x+1)th column and (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the (x+3)th column and (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0022] The third electrode in the electrode section of column x+3, row 2y+2 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+3, row y+1, and the third electrode in the electrode section of column x+3, row 2y+4 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+2, row y+2.
[0023] Where x is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
[0024] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0025] And / or, the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0026] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the last column of pixel driving circuits, the third pixel driving circuit and the first pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the column direction;
[0027] The first pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the first pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits are connected to the same first data line.
[0028] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line, which is connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode portion;
[0029] The orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the third electrode section in the (x+1)th column and (2y+2)th row of the electrode section on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the second electrode section in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row of the electrode section on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode section in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row of the electrode section on the substrate.
[0030] And / or, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion in the (x+3)th column and (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion in the (x+3)th column and (2y+4)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate.
[0031] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the first column pixel driving circuit, the first pixel driving circuit and the third pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the column direction.
[0032] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first electrode portion in the electrode portion of the xth column and the 2y+1st row is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of the xth column and the y+1st row, and the second electrode portion in the electrode portion of the xth column and the 2y+3st row is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of the x+2th column and the y+2nd row.
[0033] The third electrode in the electrode section of column x+1 and row 2y+2 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+2 and row y+1, and the third electrode in the electrode section of column x+1 and row 2y+4 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x and row y+2.
[0034] The second electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the (x+1)th column and (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the (x+1)th column and (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0035] The third electrode in the electrode section of column x+3, row 2y+2 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+3, row y+1, and the third electrode in the electrode section of column x+3, row 2y+4 is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the pixel driving circuit of column x+3, row y+2.
[0036] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0037] And / or, the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0038] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the last column of pixel driving circuits, a plurality of third pixel driving circuits are distributed in the column direction;
[0039] The third pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the third pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits are connected to the same third data line.
[0040] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line, which is connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode portion;
[0041] The orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the second electrode section in the xth column and 2y+3rd row of the electrode section on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the first electrode section in the x+2th column and 2y+3rd row of the electrode section on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third electrode section in the x+1th column and 2y+4th row of the electrode section on the substrate.
[0042] And / or, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the third electrode section in the (x+1)th column and (2y+4)th row of the electrode section on the substrate is located on the side away from the orthographic projection of the second electrode section in the (x)th column and (2y+3)th row of the electrode section on the substrate.
[0043] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line, which is connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode portion;
[0044] The orthographic projection of the third electrode in the (x+1)th column and (2y+2)th row of the electrode section on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the second electrode in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row of the electrode section on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the first electrode in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row of the electrode section on the substrate.
[0045] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided, wherein the display device includes the display panel described above.
[0046] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description
[0047] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.
[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary embodiment of the display panel of this disclosure;
[0049] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pixel driving circuit structure in the display panel shown in Figure 1;
[0050] Figure 3 is a structural layout of the conductive layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 1.
[0051] Figure 4 is a structural layout of the electrode layer in the display panel shown in Figure 1;
[0052] Figure 5 is a structural layout of the conductive layer and electrode layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 1;
[0053] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the display panel shown in Figure 1 along the dashed line AA;
[0054] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary embodiment of the display panel of this disclosure;
[0055] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the pixel driving circuit structure in the display panel shown in Figure 7;
[0056] Figure 9 is a structural layout of the conductive layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 7;
[0057] Figure 10 is a structural layout of the electrode layer in the display panel shown in Figure 7;
[0058] Figure 11 is a structural layout of the conductive layer and electrode layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 7. Detailed Implementation
[0059] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.
[0060] The terms “a,” “one,” and “the” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended meaning of inclusion and that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.
[0061] As shown in Figures 1-5, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the display panel of this disclosure, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pixel driving circuit structure in the display panel shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a structural layout of the conductive layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a structural layout of the electrode layer in the display panel shown in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is a structural layout of the conductive layer and electrode layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 1.
[0062] The display panel includes multiple light-emitting units, among which are first light-emitting units, second light-emitting units, and third light-emitting units of different colors. The display panel includes a substrate, an electrode layer, a pixel defining layer, multiple pixel driving circuits (Pix), and multiple data lines (Da). The electrode layer is located on one side of the substrate and includes multiple electrode portions (Dx). Each electrode portion (Dx) forms a first electrode of a light-emitting unit. The orthographic projections of the multiple electrode portions (Dx) onto the substrate are arranged in an array along the row and column direction. Each electrode portion (Dx) includes a first electrode portion (R), a second electrode portion (B), and a third electrode portion (G). The first electrode portion (R) forms a first electrode of a first light-emitting unit, the second electrode portion (B) forms a first electrode of a second light-emitting unit, and the third electrode portion (G) forms a first electrode of a third light-emitting unit. The pixel defining layer is located on the side of the electrode layer opposite to the substrate. The pixel defining layer forms... There are multiple pixel openings, and the pixel openings and the electrode portions Dx are correspondingly arranged. The orthographic projection of each pixel opening on the substrate coincides with the orthographic projection of the corresponding electrode portion on the substrate. Multiple pixel driving circuits Pix are arrayed along the row and column direction. Each pixel driving circuit Pix includes a first pixel driving circuit Pix1, a second pixel driving circuit Pix2, and a third pixel driving circuit Pix3. The first pixel driving circuit Pix1 drives the first light-emitting unit to emit light, the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 drives the second light-emitting unit to emit light, and the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 drives the... The third light-emitting unit emits light; wherein, in the same row of pixel driving circuits Pix, the first pixel driving circuit Pix1, the second pixel driving circuit Pix2, the third pixel driving circuit Pix3, and the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 are alternately distributed in the row direction, and in at least one column of pixel driving circuits Pix, the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 and the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 are alternately distributed in the column direction; in the multiple electrode portions connected to the same row of pixel driving circuits Pix, the first electrode portion R, the third electrode portion G, the second electrode portion B, and the third electrode portion D are alternately distributed in the row direction X, and part of the column of electrode portions D are also alternately distributed. x forms a multi-color electrode array Vrb, and a portion of the column electrode array forms a monochromatic electrode array Vg. The multi-color electrode array Vrb and the monochromatic electrode array Vg are alternately distributed in the row direction X. The monochromatic electrode array Vg includes a plurality of third electrode arrays G distributed in the column direction Y. The multi-color electrode array Vrb includes a plurality of first electrode arrays R and second electrode arrays B alternately distributed in the column direction Y. The orthogonal projections of the plurality of data lines Da on the substrate extend along the column direction Y and are spaced apart along the row direction X. The data lines Da are connected to the pixel driving circuit Pix and are used to provide data signals to the pixel driving circuit Pix connected thereto.The plurality of data lines Da include a first data line Da1, a second data line Da2, and a third data line Da3. At least a portion of the first data lines Da1 are connected to a plurality of first pixel driving circuits Pix1 located in adjacent columns but different rows. At least a portion of the second data lines Da2 are connected to a plurality of second pixel driving circuits Pix2 located in adjacent columns but different rows. At least a portion of the third data lines Da3 are connected to a plurality of third pixel driving circuits Pix3 located in adjacent columns but different rows.
[0063] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the first data line Da1 provides data signals only to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1, the second data line Da2 provides data signals only to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2, and the third data line Da3 provides data signals only to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3. When the display panel displays a monochrome image, the voltage on the data lines does not need to jump back and forth, thereby reducing the power consumption of the source driving circuit. Furthermore, this pixel driving circuit arrangement in the display panel reduces the length of the electrode connection lines connecting the electrode section and the pixel driving circuit, thus facilitating electrode placement.
[0064] In this exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the electrode portion Dx onto the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto onto the substrate do not overlap.
[0065] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, a portion of the electrode portions form a multi-color electrode portion row Hrb, and a portion of the electrode portions form a single-color electrode portion row Hg. The multi-color electrode portion row Hrb and the single-color electrode portion row Hg are alternately distributed in the column direction Y. The single-color electrode portion row Hg includes a plurality of third electrode portions G distributed in the row direction X, and the multi-color electrode portion row Hrb includes a plurality of first electrode portions R and second electrode portions B alternately distributed in the row direction X. Multiple rows of the electrode portions form a multiple row electrode portion row group Hz. The electrode portion row group Hz includes adjacent multi-color electrode portion rows Hrb and single-color electrode portion rows Hg. Electrode portions Dx in the same electrode portion row group Hz are respectively corresponding to pixel driving circuits Pix in the same row, and the electrode portions Dx are connected to their corresponding pixel driving circuits Pix.
[0066] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, in the first column pixel driving circuit, the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 and the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 are alternately distributed in the column direction Y. Essentially, this means shifting the even-numbered row pixel driving circuits to the left by one pixel driving circuit position.
[0067] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the first electrode portion R in the x-th column and 2y+1-th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the x-th column and y+1-th row pixel driving circuit, and the second electrode portion in the x-th column and 2y+3-th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the x-th column and y+2-th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the first electrode portion R(1,1) in the 1st column and 1st row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1(1,1) in the 1st column and 1st row pixel driving circuit, and the second electrode portion B(1,2) in the 1st column and 3rd row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2(1,2) in the 1st column and 2nd row pixel driving circuit.
[0068] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the third electrode section G in the (x+1)th column, (2y+2)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+2)th column, (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G in the (x+1)th column, (2y+4)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+1)th column, (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the third electrode section G(2,2) in the 2nd column, (2)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(3,1) in the 3rd column, (1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G(2,4) in the 2nd column, (4)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(2,2) in the 2nd column, (2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0069] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the second electrode portion B in the (x+2)th column, (2y+1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 in the (x+1)th column, (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column, (2y+3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 in the (x+3)th column, (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the second electrode portion B (3, 1) in the 3rd column, (1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 (2, 1) in the 2nd column, (1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion R (3, 3) in the 3rd column, (3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 (4, 2) in the 4th column, (2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0070] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the third electrode section G in the (x+3)th column, (2y+2)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+3)th column, (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G in the (x+3)th column, (2y+4)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+2)th column, (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the third electrode section G(4,2) in the 4th column, (2)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(4,1) in the 4th column, (1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G(4,4) in the 4th column, (4)th row electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(3,2) in the 3rd column, (2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0071] It should be noted that in this exemplary embodiment, x is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0. The first row pixel driving circuit can be a top-down first row pixel driving circuit, and the first column pixel driving circuit can be a left-to-right first column pixel driving circuit. The first row electrode portion is a top-down first row electrode portion, and the first column electrode portion is a left-to-right first column electrode portion. It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments, the first row pixel driving circuit can also be a bottom-up first row pixel driving circuit, and the first column pixel driving circuit can be a right-to-left first column pixel driving circuit. The first row electrode portion is a bottom-up first row electrode portion, and the first column electrode portion is a right-to-left first column electrode portion.
[0072] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G(2,2) in the 2nd column and the 2nd row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0073] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion R (3,3) in the 3rd column and the 3rd electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0074] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, in the last column of pixel driving circuits, the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 and the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 are alternately distributed in the column direction Y. The first pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the first pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits are connected to the same first data line, that is, the first data line Da1 connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits is connected to the first data line Da1 connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits. This arrangement can reduce the number of source driving circuit output terminals, thereby saving energy.
[0075] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line XL, which connects the pixel driving circuit Pix and the electrode portion Dx. The orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the third electrode portion G in the (x+1)th column and (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion B in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the third electrode portion G (2,2) in the second column and (2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion B (3,1) in the third column and (1)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode portion R (3,3) in the third column and (3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate.
[0076] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-5, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G in the (x+3)th column and the (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G in the (x+3)th column and the (2y+4)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the first electrode portion R (3,3) in the third column and the (3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G (4,2) in the second row of the fourth column and the (4,4)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate.
[0077] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the display panel shown in Figure 1 along the dashed line AA. The substrate 100, pixel driving circuit, data lines, and electrode layer are stacked sequentially. An insulating layer 101 is disposed between the electrode layer and the pixel driving circuit, and a pixel opening PH is formed on the pixel limiting layer PDL.
[0078] As shown in Figures 7-11, Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the display panel of the present disclosure, Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the pixel driving circuit in the display panel shown in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a structural layout of the conductive layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 7, Figure 10 is a structural layout of the electrode layer in the display panel shown in Figure 7, and Figure 11 is a structural layout of the conductive layer and electrode layer where the data lines are located in the display panel shown in Figure 7.
[0079] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, in the first column pixel driving circuit, the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 and the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 are alternately distributed in the column direction.
[0080] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the first electrode portion R in the x-th column and 2y+1-th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 in the x-th column and y+1-th row pixel driving circuit, and the second electrode portion B in the x-th column and 2y+3-th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 in the x+2-th column and y+2-th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the first electrode portion R (1,1) in the 1st column and 1st row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 (1,1) in the 1st column and 1st row pixel driving circuit, and the second electrode portion B (1,3) in the 1st column and 3rd row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 (3,2) in the 3rd column and 2nd row pixel driving circuit.
[0081] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the third electrode section G in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+2)th row of the electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+2)th column and the (y+1)th row of the pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row of the electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x)th column and the (y+2)th row of the pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the third electrode section G(2,2) in the second column and the second row of the electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(3,1) in the third column and the first row of the pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode section G(2,4) in the second column and the fourth row of the electrode section is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(1,2) in the first column and the second row of the pixel driving circuit.
[0082] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the second electrode portion B in the (x+2)th column and (2y+1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 in the (x+1)th column and (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column and (2y+3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 in the (x+1)th column and (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the second electrode portion B (3, 1) in the 3rd column and (1)th row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit Pix2 (2, 1) in the 2nd column and (1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode portion R (3, 3) in the 3rd column and (3)th row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit Pix1 (2, 2) in the 2nd column and (2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0083] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the third electrode part G in the (x+3)th column, (2y+2)th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+3)th column, (y+1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode part G in the (x+3)th column, (2y+4)th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3 in the (x+3)th column, (y+2)th row pixel driving circuit. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the third electrode part G(4,2) in the 4th column, (2)th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(4,1) in the 4th column, (1)th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode part G(4,4) in the 4th column, (4)th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit Pix3(4,2) in the 4th column, (2)th row pixel driving circuit.
[0084] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G (2, 4) in the 2nd column and the 4th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0085] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion B in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+1)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the second electrode portion B (3, 1) in the 3rd column and the 1st row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
[0086] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 7-11, in the last column of pixel driving circuits, multiple third pixel driving circuits Pix3 are distributed in the column direction; the third pixel driving circuits Pix3 in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the third pixel driving circuits Pix3 in the last column of pixel driving circuits can be connected to the same third data line Da3. That is, the third data line Da3 connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits is connected to the third data line Da3 connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits. This arrangement can reduce the number of source driving circuit output terminals, thereby saving energy.
[0087] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line XL, which is connected between the pixel driving circuit Pix and the electrode portion Dx. As shown in FIG7-11, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the second electrode portion B in the x-th column and 2y+3-th row electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the first electrode portion R in the x+2-th column and 2y+3-th row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G in the x+1-th column and 2y+4-th row electrode portion on the substrate. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the second electrode portion B (1, 3) in the 1-th column and 3-th row electrode portion on the substrate lies between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line connected to the first electrode portion R (3, 3) in the 3-th column and 3-th row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G (2, 4) in the 2-th column and 4-th row electrode portion on the substrate.
[0088] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the third electrode section G in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row of the electrode section on the substrate is located on the side away from the orthographic projection of the second electrode section B in the (x)th column and the (2y+3)th row of the electrode section on the substrate, which is away from the orthographic projection of the first electrode section R in the (x)th column and the (2y+1)th row of the electrode section on the substrate. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the third electrode section G (2,4) in the 2nd column and the 4th row of the electrode section on the substrate is located on the side away from the orthographic projection of the second electrode section B (1,3) in the 1st column and the 3rd row of the electrode section on the substrate, which is away from the orthographic projection of the first electrode section R (1,1) in the 1st column and the 1st row of the electrode section on the substrate.
[0089] In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7-11, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+2)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the second electrode portion B in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+1)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the first electrode portion R in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row of the electrode portion on the substrate. For example, when x equals 1 and y equals 0, the orthographic projection of the third electrode portion G (2,2) in the second column and the second row of the electrode portion on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the electrode connection line XL connected to the second electrode portion B (3,1) in the first column and the first electrode portion R (3,3) in the third column and the third row of the electrode portion on the substrate.
[0090] In a traditional source driver circuit, the data signal output terminals are sequentially connected to the first data line, the third data line, the second data line, and the third data line along the row direction X. As shown in Figure 1, the orthographic projections of the first data line Da1, the second data line Da2, the third data line Da3, and the third data line Da3 on the substrate are alternately distributed along the row direction X. As shown in Figure 6, the orthographic projections of the third data line, the first data line, the second data line, and the third data line on the substrate are alternately distributed along the row direction X. Accordingly, the display panels shown in Figures 1 and 6 require jumpers to align the data lines with the data signal output terminals of the source driver circuit. Alternatively, the output order of the data signal output terminals in the source driver circuit can be changed.
[0091] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 1-11, the black squares drawn on the data lines represent vias connecting the data lines to the pixel driving circuit, and the black squares drawn on the electrode layers represent vias connecting the electrode parts to the pixel driving circuit.
[0092] This exemplary embodiment also provides a display device, which includes the display panel described above. The display device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, television, or other display device.
[0093] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the claims.
[0094] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the claims.
[0095] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is defined only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A display panel, wherein, The display panel comprises a plurality of light-emitting units, the plurality of light-emitting units comprising first light-emitting units, second light-emitting units and third light-emitting units having different colors, and the display panel comprises: a substrate substrate; an electrode layer located on one side of the substrate substrate, the electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode portions for forming first electrodes of the light-emitting units, the plurality of electrode portions being arrayed in a row-column direction on the substrate substrate, the plurality of electrode portions comprising first electrode portions, second electrode portions and third electrode portions, the first electrode portions being used for forming first electrodes of the first light-emitting units, the second electrode portions being used for forming first electrodes of the second light-emitting units, and the third electrode portions being used for forming first electrodes of the third light-emitting units; a pixel definition layer located on a side of the electrode layer facing away from the substrate substrate, the pixel definition layer being formed with a plurality of pixel openings, the pixel openings being arranged correspondingly to the electrode portions, and the pixel openings being in register with the electrode portions corresponding thereto on the substrate substrate in terms of orthographic projection on the substrate substrate; a plurality of pixel drive circuits, the plurality of pixel drive circuits being arrayed in a row-column direction, the plurality of pixel drive circuits comprising first pixel drive circuits, second pixel drive circuits and third pixel drive circuits, the first pixel drive circuits being used for driving the first light-emitting units to emit light, the second pixel drive circuits being used for driving the second light-emitting units to emit light, and the third pixel drive circuits being used for driving the third light-emitting units to emit light; wherein, in the same row of pixel drive circuits, the first pixel drive circuits, the second pixel drive circuits, the third pixel drive circuits and the third pixel drive circuits are alternately arranged in a row direction, and in at least one column of pixel drive circuits, the first pixel drive circuits and the second pixel drive circuits are alternately arranged in a column direction; in a plurality of electrode portions connected to the same row of pixel drive circuits, the first electrode portions, the third electrode portions, the second electrode portions and the third electrode portions are alternately arranged in a row direction, some columns of the electrode portions forming multi-color electrode portion columns, and some columns of the electrode portions forming single-color electrode portion columns, the multi-color electrode portion columns and the single-color electrode portion columns being alternately arranged in a row direction, the single-color electrode portion columns comprising a plurality of third electrode portions arranged in a column direction, and the multi-color electrode portion columns comprising a plurality of first electrode portions and a plurality of second electrode portions alternately arranged in a column direction; a plurality of data lines, the plurality of data lines extending in a column direction and being spaced apart in a row direction on the substrate substrate in terms of orthographic projection on the substrate substrate, the data lines being connected to the pixel drive circuits and being used for providing data signals to the pixel drive circuits connected thereto. The plurality of data lines include a first data line, a second data line, and a third data line, at least part of the first data line is connected to a plurality of first pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns and different rows, at least part of the second data line is connected to a plurality of second pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns and different rows, and at least part of the third data line is connected to a plurality of third pixel driving circuits located in adjacent columns and different rows.
2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The orthogonal projection of at least part of the electrode portion on the substrate and the orthogonal projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
3. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, Part of the row electrode portion forms a multi-color electrode portion row, and part of the row electrode portion forms a single-color electrode portion row. The multi-color electrode portion row and the single-color electrode portion row are alternately arranged in the column direction. The single-color electrode portion row includes a plurality of third electrode portions arranged in the row direction. The multi-color electrode portion row includes a plurality of first electrode portions and second electrode portions alternately arranged in the row direction. A plurality of rows of electrode portions form a plurality of electrode portion row groups. The electrode portion row group includes adjacent multi-color electrode portion rows and single-color electrode portion rows. The electrode portions in the same electrode portion row group are respectively arranged corresponding to the pixel driving circuits in the same row. The electrode portion is connected to the corresponding pixel driving circuit.
4. The display panel of claim 3, wherein, In the first column of pixel driving circuits, the first pixel driving circuit and the second pixel driving circuit are alternately arranged in the column direction.
5. The display panel of claim 4, wherein, The first electrode portion in the first x column and the 2y+1 row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the x column and the y+1 row pixel driving circuit. The second electrode portion in the x column and the 2y+3 row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the x column and the y+2 row pixel driving circuit. The third electrode portion in the x+1 column and the 2y+2 row electrode portion is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the x+2 column and the y+1 row pixel driving circuit. The third electrode portion in the x+1 column and the 2y+4 row electrode portion is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the x+1 column and the y+2 row pixel driving circuit. The second electrode portion in the x+2 column and the 2y+1 row electrode portion is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the x+1 column and the y+1 row pixel driving circuit. The first electrode portion in the x+2 column and the 2y+3 row electrode portion is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the x+3 column and the y+2 row pixel driving circuit. The third electrode portion in the x+3 column and the 2y+2 row electrode portion is connected to the third pixel driving circuit of the x+3 column and the y+1 row pixel driving circuit. The third electrode portion in the x+3 column and the 2y+4 row electrode portion is connected to the third pixel driving circuit of the x+2 column and the y+2 row pixel driving circuit. Wherein, x is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
6. The display panel of claim 5, wherein, The orthogonal projection of the third electrode portion in the x+1 column and the 2y+2 row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthogonal projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the pixel driving circuit on the substrate do not overlap. And / or, the orthogonal projection of the first electrode portion in the x+2 column and the 2y+3 row electrode portion on the substrate and the orthogonal projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on pixel driving circuit on the substrate do not overlap.
7. The display panel of claim 4, wherein, In the last column of pixel driving circuits, the third pixel driving circuits and the first pixel driving circuits are alternately distributed in the column direction in sequence; The first pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the first pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits are connected to the same first data line.
8. The display panel of claim 4, wherein, The electrode layer further comprises an electrode connecting line connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode part; The orthogonal projection of the electrode connecting line connected to the third electrode part in the x+1th column and 2y+2th row electrode part on the substrate substrate is located between the orthogonal projection of the second electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y+1th row electrode part on the substrate substrate and the orthogonal projection of the first electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y+3th row electrode part on the substrate substrate; And / or, the orthogonal projection of the first electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y+3th row electrode part on the substrate substrate is located between the orthogonal projection of the third electrode part in the x+3th column and 2y+2th row electrode part on the substrate substrate and the orthogonal projection of the third electrode part in the x+3th column and 2y+4th row electrode part on the substrate substrate.
9. The display panel of claim 3, wherein, In the first column of pixel driving circuits, the first pixel driving circuit, the third pixel driving circuit are alternately distributed in the column direction in sequence.
10. The display panel of claim 9, wherein, The first electrode part in the xth column and 2y+1th row electrode part is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the xth column and y+1th row pixel driving circuit, and the second electrode part in the xth column and 2y+3th row electrode part is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the x+2th column and y+2th row pixel driving circuit; The third electrode part in the x+1th column and 2y+2th row electrode is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the x+2th column and y+1th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode part in the x+1th column and 2y+4th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the xth column and y+2th row pixel driving circuit; The second electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y+1th row electrode is connected to the second pixel driving circuit in the x+1th column and y+1th row pixel driving circuit, and the first electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y+3th row is connected to the first pixel driving circuit in the x+1th column and y+2th row pixel driving circuit; The third electrode part in the xth column and 2y+2th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving circuit in the x+3th column and y+1th row pixel driving circuit, and the third electrode part in the X+3th column and 2y+4th row electrode part is connected to the third pixel driving Circuit in the x+3th column and y+2th row pixel driving circuit.
11. The display panel of claim 10, wherein, The orthogonal projection of the third electrode part in the x+1th column and 2y+4th row on the substrate substrate and the orthogonal projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate substrate do not overlap; And / or, the orthogonal projection of the second electrode part in the x+2th column and 2y +1th row electrode part on the substrate substrate and the orthogonal projection of the pixel driving circuit connected thereto on the substrate do not overlap.
12. The display panel of claim 9, wherein, In the last column of pixel driving circuits, a plurality of third pixel driving circuits are distributed in the column direction; The third pixel driving circuit in the first column of pixel driving circuits and the third pixel driving circuit in the last column of pixel driving circuits are connected to the same third data line.
13. The display panel of claim 9, wherein, The electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode portion; A normal projection on the substrate of an electrode connection line connected to a second electrode portion in the xth column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion is located between a normal projection on the substrate of an electrode connection line connected to a first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion and a normal projection on the substrate of a third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row electrode portion. And / or, a normal projection on the substrate of an electrode connection line connected to a third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+4)th row electrode portion is located on a side of a normal projection on the substrate of a second electrode portion in the xth column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion away from a normal projection on the substrate of a first electrode portion in the xth column and the (2y+1)th row electrode portion.
14. The display panel of claim 9, wherein, The electrode layer further includes an electrode connection line connected between the pixel driving circuit and the electrode portion; A normal projection on the substrate of a third electrode portion in the (x+1)th column and the (2y+2)th row electrode portion is located between a normal projection on the substrate of an electrode connection line connected to a second electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+1)th row electrode portion and a normal projection on the substrate of an electrode connection line connected to a first electrode portion in the (x+2)th column and the (2y+3)th row electrode portion.
15. A display device, wherein, The display device includes the display panel of any one of claims 1-14.