Phenalene-1-one substituted with an anionic moiety, compositions comprising at least one phenalene-1-one, and uses therefor

Abstract

Disclosed are novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen, compositions comprising at least one novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizer, and uses of the novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers. The compositions are bleaching compositions, comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer, at least one persulfate, at least one alkalizing agent and at least one peroxide source. (Formula I)

Description

PHENALENE-l-ONE SUBSTITUTED WITH AN ANIONIC MOIETY, COMPOSITIONSCOMPRISING AT LEAST ONE PHENALENE-l-ONE, AND USES THEREFORFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen. The invention further relates to compositions comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention, and to uses of the phenalene-l-one photosensitizers according to the present invention. The compositions according to the present invention are bleaching compositions, comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention, at least one persulfate, at least one alkalizing agent and at least one peroxide source. Optionally, the compositions comprise one or more additional photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen other than the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention. The invention further relates to hair bleaching methods using a composition according to the present invention. According to a further aspect, the invention relates to uses of the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention for surface disinfection.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Hair bleaching is a well-established technique in the hair cosmetic industry. Hair bleaching involves the application of an oxidizing agent to the hair for a period that is effective to achieve a desired lighter hair shade. Usually, hydrogen peroxide solution in concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 12.0 percent- by-weight is the oxidizing agent. The hydrogen peroxide is applied to the hair under alkaline pH conditions and gradually lightens the shade of the hair by oxidizing the melanin that imparts the colour to the hair.

[0003] To enhance the lightening efficacy of the peroxide solution, a persulfate-based formulation can be incorporated as a "booster". The sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfate is provided in the form of a powder which is mixed with the hydrogen peroxide solution prior to use. The mixed product is then applied to the hair for a period of time that is effective to achieve a desired lighter hair shade.

[0004] Currently, hair bleaches are most commonly found in the form of a two-component kit. One component comprises the aqueous hydrogen peroxide composition and the second component comprises a powdered bleach composition that contains persulfate salts and alkaline agents which act as accelerators of the bleaching process, when the two components are combined. This powdered bleach composition may be used alone to bleach hair or in combination with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide composition. The hydrogen peroxide and persulfates are very reactive when combined and form nascent oxygen in additionto hydrogen and sodium sulfide. The nascent oxygen greatly facilitates oxidizing and bleaching of melanin from the hair.

[0005] Unfortunately, the process of bleaching hair leads not only to a lightening of the hair, but also to a change in the perceived tone of the hair, leading to what is often described as an off-tone or brassy result, i.e. the hair looks more orange in comparison to untreated hair of similar lightness.

[0006] The softness of hair is a highly desirable attribute, contributing significantly to the overall feel and appearance of healthy, well-cared-for hair. Soft hair is generally more manageable, easier to style, and pleasant to the touch, enhancing the aesthetic appeal and comfort for individuals. The softness of hair is often a sign of good hydration and proper conditioning, indicating that the hair cuticles are smooth and well-aligned, reducing friction and tangling. This quality is particularly beneficial as it can reduce breakage and split ends, leading to stronger, more resilient hair over time.

[0007] US 9,895,299 B2 describes a process for bleaching or dyeing keratin fibres comprising a step of application of a composition containing one or more chemical oxidizing agents and a step of irradiation of the hair by means of UV-visible radiation.

[0008] US 4,792,341 discloses a method and apparatus for artificially bleaching or lightening hair by exposing the hair to intense radiation of artificial light.

[0009] EP451261B1 describes a method of bleaching hair under the influence of light, wherein 10 to120 g of an agent which is either a solution, an emulsion or a gel and contains at least one optical photosensitizer and a compound which is capable of providing a hydrogen radical is applied to hair and is left on hair for up to 80 minutes. Subsequently the hair is irradiated with visible light and / or UV light.

[0010] None of the prior art references discloses the use of photosensitizers which generate singlet oxygen for bleaching hair.

[0011] There is a need for providing stylists and customers with products for effectively bleaching hair, in particular products resulting in a reduced level of off-tone. Further, the level of damage to the hair when using such products should be at least comparable to conventional bleaching techniques. In particular, the level of damage to the hair when using such products preferably should be less than the level of damage to the hair generated with conventional hair bleaching techniques, or conventional hair bleaching products, respectively.

[0012] Hence, it is an object of the present invention to provide novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen, and compositions comprising same. Thecompositions according to the present invention effectively bleach hair while resulting in a reduced level of off-tone, and simultaneously resulting in a level of damage to the hair which is at least comparable to, or even less than the one obtained with conventional hair bleaching products.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] According to the present invention, it has now surprisingly been found out that novel phenalene- 1-one photosensitizers according to the present invention are suitable for bleaching hair. Compositions according to the present invention are suitable for bleaching hair, resulting in a reduced level of off-tone. Further, a level of hair damage produced by hair bleaching compositions according to the present invention may be less than the one obtained with conventional bleaching products.

[0014] Subject matter of the present invention are novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen. The invention further relates to compositions comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention, and to uses of the phenalene-l-one photosensitizers according to the present invention.

[0015] The compositions according to the present invention are bleaching compositions, comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention, at least one persulfate, at least one alkalizing agent and at least one peroxide source. Optionally, the compositions comprise one or more additional photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen other than the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention. The invention further relates to hair bleaching methods using a composition according to the present invention.DEFINITIONS

[0016] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0017] The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "includes" or "containing", "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps. It will be appreciated that the terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein comprise the terms "consisting of", "consists" and "consists of".

[0018] The term "may" in the context of this application means "is permitted to" or "is able to" and is a synonym for the term "can." The term "may" as used herein does not mean possibility or chance.

[0019] The term "and / or" in the context of this application means one or the other or both. For example, an aqueous solution of A and / or B means an aqueous solution of A alone, an aqueous solution of B alone and an aqueous solution of a combination of A and B.

[0020] As used herein, the term "optionally" means that the corresponding step or feature may or may not be present. It includes both possibilities.

[0021] The terms "parts-by-weight" (PBW) and "parts-by-volume" (PBV) are used herein in their usual meaning. When used in a mixed context, for example an amount of a component indicated in PBW in admixture with a component indicated in PBV, the terms PBW and PBV denote a concentration. For example, "PBW / PBV" denotes a weight amount (for example in grams) of the component indicated in PBW relative to a volume in (for example in millilitres) of the amount of the component indicated in PBV. A concentration indicated in "PBW / PBV" often is denoted as "(w / v)".

[0022] The terms "ppm" (parts-per-million) and "ppb" (parts-per-billion) are used herein in their usual meaning. As used herein, "ppm-by-weight" indicates a concentration, i.e. "(one) PBW / one million PBV". Analogously, "ppb-by-weight" as used herein indicates "(one) PBW / one billion PBV". Accordingly, a value of "5 ppm-by-weight" indicates a concentration of 5 mill igrams / l itre (mg / l), and a value of "5 ppb-by-weight" respectively indicates a concentration of 5 micrograms / litre (pl / l).

[0023] Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all values, ranges, percentages etc. in the present disclosure are "by-weight". Further, for a given entity such as for example a "composition", the total amount of respective components (the amount of which is indicated herein in terms of percent-by-weight ranges) adds up to 100 percent-by-weight.

[0024] The term "composition" as used herein denotes a mixture or blend comprising at least two components. Typical compositions comprise at least one functional component (such as, for example, an active ingredient) and at least one solvent component (such as water or an alcohol). A composition may be present in any suitable physical form, including for example liquids of varying viscosities, gels, foams, creams, and the like. Typically, the compositions according to the present invention are liquids (including solutions and dispersions). The term "composition" may denote a ready-to-use product unless the context dictates otherwise.

[0025] The term "about" is understood to mean ±10.0 percent of the recited number, numbers or range of numbers. According to embodiments, the term "about" is understood to mean ±2.0 percent of the recited number, numbers or range of numbers.

[0026] Ranges defined throughout the specification include the end values, i.e. a range of 1 to 10 implies that both 1 and 10 are included in the range. For the avoidance of doubt, the applicant shall be entitled to any equivalents according to applicable law.

[0027] The term "consisting essentially of" denotes the absence of additional, not specifically recited components in an entity such as a composition in an amount of more than 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the entity. In particular, the term "consisting essentially of" denotes the absence of additional, not specifically recited components in an amount of more than 0.5% by weight, for example more than 0.1% by weight, such as more than 0.01% by weight in an entity. It goes without saying that any additional, not specifically recited component is compatible with the specifically recited components and does not interfere with the function thereof.

[0028] The term "consisting of" denotes the absence of additional, not specifically recited components in an entity such as a composition in an amount below the detection limit, assuming that detectability is on a ppm (parts per million) basis (by weight). In particular, the term "consisting of" denotes the absence of additional, not specifically recited components in an amount of more than 50 ppm- by-weight, for example more than 10 ppm-by-weight, such as more than 10 ppm-by-weight in an entity. It goes without saying that any additional, not specifically recited component is compatible with the specifically recited components and does not interfere with the function thereof.

[0029] The term "essentially free" of a particular component denotes an amount of less than 1.0% by weight of the respective component in an entity such as a composition, based on the total weight of the entity. In particular, the term "essentially free" denotes an amount of less than 0.5% by weight, for example less than 0.1% by weight, such as less than 0.01% by weight of the respective component in the entity.

[0030] The term "free" of a particular component denotes an amount below the detection limit, assuming that detectability is on a ppm (parts per million) basis (by weight). In particular, the term "free" of a particular component denotes an amount below 50 ppm-by-weight, for example less than 10 ppm-by- weight, such as less than 5 ppm-by-weight of the respective component in the entity.

[0031] The term "hair" as used herein denotes generally mammalian hair, but in particular human hair. More specifically, for the purposes of the present invention the term "hair" denotes human "head hair" or "scalp hair", and human "facial hair". The term "facial hair" encompasses beard hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. In this context, for the purposes of the present invention the term "scalp" is intended to encompass any facial skin region, and "applying to scalp" is intended to encompass applying the compositions of the present invention to (at least part of the) scalp region and / or to (at least part of) any facial skin region.

[0032] "Ready-to-use scalp-and-hair treatment product " denotes the form in which a composition is actually applied to human scalp, or to a skin region comprising human facial hair.

[0033] Enumerations such as "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" etc. and the like, when used in the specification or in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the subject matter described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein. In case the terms "(A)", "(B)" and "(C)" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "(i)", "(ii)" etc. relate to steps of a method or use or assay there is no time or time interval coherence between the steps, that is, the steps may be carried out simultaneously or there may be time intervals of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps, unless otherwise indicated in the application as set forth herein above or below.

[0034] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "preferred embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in a preferred embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment but may refer to different embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the subject matter, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0035] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.

[0036] Measurement techniques described herein are well known to a person skilled in the art and therefore do not limit the present invention.

[0037] By "user" or "customer" it is meant the person preparing the hair treatment composition. The user is for example a professional hair stylist working in a salon and is different from the subject on whose hair the composition is applied, or the user is identical to the person on whose hair the composition is applied. The mixing can take place in a bowl or within a bottle or even through a mixer placed between the stored individual compositions and the point at which it is dispensed to be used. While two component bleaching media are the most commonly found in the market, there are also other bleaching media which use three or more components.

[0038] By "lift" (or "lift power") it is meant the amount of lightening caused by the bleaching of the natural hair pigment melanin by using the composition according to the present invention. The amount of lift provided by different hair treatment compositions can be compared by using a human natural dark hair sample (e.g., dark hair of an individual of Chinese descent) and measuring the change of colour achieved following application of the compositions. The change in colour can be measured using well known parameters such as L*a*b* values. A composition can be said to provide a higher lift than another composition, when the resulting L* value or the so-called dL* value (given by L*finai- L*initiai) measured for a given treated sample of dark hair is higher for that composition than for the other composition, using the same experimental conditions. The denomination Level 2 (herein used interchangeably with "demipermanent" or "tone-on-tone") and Level 3 (herein used interchangeably with "permanent") are commonly used in the hair colour trade to differentiate compositions with medium and high lift.

[0039] The softness of hair is determined by several factors, including the hair's moisture content, the condition of the cuticle layer, and the presence of natural oils or applied conditioning agents. Objective measurements of hair softness can be made using various techniques, such as tactile evaluation by trained assessors, mechanical testing for flexibility and pliability, and advanced imaging methods to assess the surface smoothness of hair fibers. Additionally, consumer perception studies often involve panellists who rate the softness of hair after using specific products, providing valuable insights into how different formulations affect this critical quality attribute.

[0040] In the following disclosure, different aspects of the subject matter are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

[0041] Materials denoted below are being used in the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is described with non-limiting embodiments. Listed ingredients typically are preferred features as well as other preferred but non-limiting features of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] Subject matter of the present invention are novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen. Further subject matter of the present invention are compositions comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention. The compositions according to the present invention are bleaching compositions, comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention, at least one persulfate, at least one alkalizing agent and at least one peroxide source. Optionally, the compositions comprise an additional photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen which additional photosensitizer is different from the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention. The invention further relates to hair bleaching methods using a composition according to the present invention. According to a further aspect, the invention relates to the use of the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer according to the present invention for bleaching hair.1 Novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers according to the present invention

[0043] According to an aspect, subject matter of the present invention are novel phenalene-l-one photosensitizers bearing an anionic moiety. The term "photosensitizer" as used herein refers to compounds which absorb electromagnetic radiation, preferably visible light, UV light and / or infrared light, and thus produce singlet oxygen.

[0044] A phenalene-l-one according to the present invention, or salt thereof, is according to the following Formula (I):wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and whereinR1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4,d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -S03M, -0-S03M, -C02M, -P(0)(0M)2, -0-P(0)(0M)2 or -B(0M)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion, with the proviso that the phenalene-l-one is not (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

[0045] According to embodiments, moiety R1 may be an aliphatic moiety. According to embodiments, the aliphatic moiety R1 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain substituted, preferably at its terminus, with an anionic group (negatively charged group), which C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain is directly bonded to one of positions R1 to R9 of the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure. Such aliphatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula - [(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2, wherein d is zero, b is an integer of 1 to 6, and R2 is an anionic group as set out below.

[0046] According to other embodiments, the aliphatic moiety R1 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain substituted with an anionic group, which C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via an oxygen (-O-) or sulfur (-S-) bridging heteroatom and a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aliphatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2, wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, b is an integer of 1 to 6, and R2 is an anionic group as set out below.

[0047] According to embodiments, moiety R1 may be an aromatic moiety, which moiety comprises a phenyl or naphthyl aromatic ring structure, and having bonded to the phenyl or naphthyl aromatic ring structure up to three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety (comprising a naphthyl aromatic ring structure), the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure.

[0048] According to embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a phenyl ring substituted with one or two anionic groups, wherein the phenyl ring is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. The anionic group(s) may optionally be directly bonded to the phenyl ring, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. One anionic group is bonded to the phenyl ring at position 2, 3, or 4. The second anionic group, if present, is bonded to the phenyl ring at any of the remaining "free" positions. A "free" position in this context means that the carbon at the respective position still has one hydrogen bond. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, d is zero, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one or two anionic groups as set out below.

[0049] According to other embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a phenyl ring substituted with one or two anionic groups, as above, wherein the phenyl ring is bonded to the phenalene-l-onepolycyclic structure via an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom and the C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one or two anionic groups as set out below.

[0050] According to embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a naphthyl ring structure substituted with one, two or three anionic groups, wherein the naphthyl ring structure is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. The C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker is bonded naphthyl ring structure at position 1 or 2. The anionic group(s) may optionally be directly bonded to the naphthyl ring structure, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. One anionic group may be bonded to the naphthyl ring structure at any of the "free" positions. The second and / or third anionic group(s), if present, is / are bonded to the naphthyl ring structure at any of the remaining "free" positions. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, d is zero, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one, two or three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety comprising a naphthyl aromatic ring structure, the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure.

[0051] According to other embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a naphthyl ring structure substituted with one, two or three anionic groups, as above, wherein the naphthyl ring structure is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom and the C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c- R2](l-3), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one, two or three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety comprising a naphthyl aromatic ring structure, the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure

[0052] The anionic group(s) R2 of the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention is / are selected from sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-SO3M), sulfuric acid / sulfate (-O-SO3M), carboxylic acid / carboxylate (-CO2M), phosphonic acid / phosphonate (-P(O)(OM)2), phosphoric acid / phosphate (-O-P(O)(OM)2), boric acid / borate (-B(OM)2), or a combination thereof. M corresponds to a monovalent counterion, i.e. hydrogen for the free acid form, and a monovalent ion such as sodium, potassium, ammonium for the salt form, or any combination thereof. As usual, a divalent ion such as calcium, magnesium etc. may correspond to two counterions M, or a trivalent ion may correspond to three counterions M, etc.

[0053] According to embodiments, the anionic group(s) R2 of the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention is / are selected from sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-SO3M), carboxylic acid / carboxylate(-C02M), and combinations thereof. According to particular embodiments, the anionic group(s) R2 of the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention is / are sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-S03M).

[0054] The phenalene-l-one according to the present invention is not (1- oxophenalen-2- yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof (R1 = CH2-SO3M, bonded at position 2 to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure).

[0055] In the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention, the anionic moiety R1 generally may be bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure at any one of positions 2-9. Typically, R1 is bonded to the polycyclic structure at position 2 or position 6. According to embodiments, R1 is bonded to the polycyclic structure at position 2.

[0056] In the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention, the "hydrocarbon linkers" or "hydrocarbon spacers" -(CH2)a-, -(CH2)b-, and -(CH2)c- typically - and most preferably - are linear hydrocarbon groups.

[0057] According to embodiments, the anionic moiety R1 does not comprise a bridging heteroatom, so that the aliphatic or aromatic moiety comprising the anionic group(s) R2 is bonded to the phenalene-l- one polycyclic structure via the hydrocarbon chain without the presence of an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom.

[0058] According to other embodiments, the anionic moiety R1 comprises a bridging heteroatom, so that the aliphatic or aromatic moiety comprising the anionic group(s) R2 is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a linker including an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom. In embodiments comprising the bridging heteroatom, the bridging heteroatom is preferably oxygen.

[0059] In embodiments of the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention comprising the bridging heteroatom, the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. According to embodiments, the group linking the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure is methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene (-CH2-CH2-). According to particular embodiments, the group linking the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure is methylene (-CH2-).

[0060] According to embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 without bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure may be methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2-CH2-), or n-propylene (-CH2-CH2-CH2). According to specific embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 without bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure may be methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene (-CH2-CH2-).

[0061] According to embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 with bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the bridging atom may be methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2-CH2-), or n- propylene (-CH2-CH2-CH2). According to specific embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 with bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the bridging atom may be methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene (-CH2-CH2-).

[0062] If R1 is an aromatic moiety, and irrespective of whether the bridging heteroatom is present or not, the anionic group(s) R2 may optionally be directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. In these embodiments, it is typically preferred that anionic group(s) are directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure, via a C1-C2 hydrocarbon linker, or via a combination thereof. According to specific embodiments of the aromatic moieties Rl, the anionic group(s) R2 are directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure.

[0063] A phenalene-l-one having a methylene sulfonic acid or methylene sulfonate substituent bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure at position 2 is not a novel phenalene-l-one according the present invention.

[0064] Specific embodiments of the phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention are listed below:

[0065] Phenalene-l-ones such as the novel phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention are photosensitizers, i.e. they are known to generate singlet oxygen, see for example, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem, 79 (1994) 11-17 and New J. Chem., 1999,23, 85-93.

[0066] The phenalene-l-ones according to the present invention are able to generate singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a suitable wavelength. Suitably, the phenalene-l-ones generate singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 nm to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 nm to 1000 nm. Typically, the phenalene-l-ones generate singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, in particular in the range of 380 nm to 490 nm, for example in the range of 390 nm to 430 nm. The most suitable wavelength for the photosensitizer in order to generate singlet oxygen is selected based on the specific chemical nature of the photosensitizer.2 Compositions comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer (Al)

[0067] According to a particular aspect, the present invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one phenalene-l-one photosensitizer (Al). The phenalene-l-one photosensitizers (Al) differ from the phenalene-l-one photosensitizer "according to the present invention" as described in Chapter 1 above in that they encompass (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof, disclaimed above.

[0068] A composition according to the present invention comprises:(Al) at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4,d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -S03M, -0-S03M, -C02M, -P(0)(0M)2, -0-P(0)(0M)2 or -B(0M)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion,(B) at least one persulfate,(C) at least one alkalizing agent, and(E) at least one peroxide source.

[0069] According to a particular aspect, compositions according to the present invention are bleaching compositions. Such bleaching compositions are suitable in bleaching operations, in particular such compositions are intended for the bleaching of keratin fibers, and more particularly for bleaching of human hair. Nevertheless, compositions according to the present invention are suitable as well in bleaching operations of compounds other than keratin fibers.2.1 Phenalene-l-one photosensitizers (Al)

[0070] The at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions according to the present invention is a phenalene-l-one according to the present invention described in Chapter 1 above, further including (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonic acid, or a salt thereof. Specific embodiments of the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in the compositions according to the present invention are as follows.

[0071] According to embodiments, moiety R1 may be an aliphatic moiety. According to embodiments, the aliphatic moiety R1 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain substituted with an anionic group (negatively charged group), which C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain is directly bonded to one of positions R1 to R9 of the phenalene-l- one polycyclic structure. Such aliphatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2, wherein d is zero, b is an integer of 1 to 6, and R2 is an anionic group as set out below.

[0072] According to other embodiments, the aliphatic moiety R1 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain substituted with an anionic group, which C1-C6 hydrocarbon chain is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom and a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aliphatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2, wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, b is an integer of 1 to 6, and R2 is an anionic group as set out below.

[0073] According to embodiments, moiety R1 may be an aromatic moiety, which moiety comprises a phenyl or naphthyl aromatic ring structure, and having bonded to the phenyl or naphthyl aromatic ring structure up to three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety comprising a naphthyl aromatic ring structure, the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure.

[0074] According to embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a phenyl ring substituted with one or two anionic groups, wherein the phenyl ring is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. The anionic group(s) may optionally be directly bonded to the phenyl ring, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. One anionic group is bonded to the phenyl ring at position 2, 3, or 4. The second anionic group, if present, is bonded to the phenyl ring at any of the remaining "free" positions. A "free" position in this context means that the carbon at the respective position still has one hydrogen bond. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, d is zero, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one or two anionic groups as set out below.

[0075] According to other embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a phenyl ring substituted with one or two anionic groups, as above, wherein the phenyl ring is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom and the C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one or two anionic groups as set out below.

[0076] According to embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a naphthyl ring structure substituted with one, two or three anionic groups, wherein the naphthyl ring structure is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. The C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker is bonded naphthyl ring structure at position 1 or 2. The anionic group(s) may optionally be directly bonded to the naphthyl ring structure, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. One anionic group may be bonded to the naphthyl ring structure at any of the "free" positions. The second and / or third anionic group(s), if present, is / are bonded to the naphthyl ring structure at any of the remaining "free" positions. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, d is zero, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one, two or three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety comprising a naphthyl aromatic ring structure, the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure.

[0077] According to other embodiments, the aromatic moiety R1 may be a naphthyl ring structure substituted with one, two or three anionic groups, as above, wherein the naphthyl ring structure is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom and the C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. Such aromatic moiety R1 corresponds to the formula -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c- R2](l-3), wherein a is an integer of 1 to 4, B is oxygen or sulfur, d is one, c is an integer of 0 to 4, and R2 is one, two or three anionic groups as set out below. If R1 is an aromatic moiety comprising a naphthylaromatic ring structure, the linker between the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure and the naphthyl aromatic ring structure is bonded to position 1 or position 2 of the naphthyl aromatic ring structure.

[0078] The anionic group(s) R2 of the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions is / are selected from sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-SO3M), sulfuric acid / sulfate (-O-SO3M), carboxylic acid / carboxylate (-CO2M), phosphonic acid / phosphonate (-P(O)(OM)2), phosphoric acid / phosphate (-O-P(O)(OM)2), boric acid / borate (-B(OM)2), or a combination thereof. M corresponds to a monovalent counterion, i.e. hydrogen for the free acid form, and a monovalent ion such as sodium, potassium, ammonium for the salt form, or any combination thereof. As usual, a divalent ion such as calcium, magnesium etc. may correspond to two counterions M, or a trivalent ion may correspond to three counterions M, etc.

[0079] According to embodiments, the anionic group(s) R2 of the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions is / are selected from sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-SO3M), carboxylic acid / carboxylate (-CO2M), and combinations thereof. According to particular embodiments, the anionic group(s) R2 of the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions is / are sulfonic acid / sulfonate (-SO3M).

[0080] In the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions according to the present invention, the anionic moiety R1 generally may be bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure at any one of positions 2-9. Typically, R1 is bonded to the polycyclic structure at position 2 or 6. According to embodiments, R1 is bonded to the polycyclic structure at position 2.

[0081] In the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions according to the present invention, the "hydrocarbon linkers" or "hydrocarbon spacers" -(CH2)a-, -(CH2)b-, and -(CH2)c- typically - and most preferably - are linear hydrocarbon groups.

[0082] According to embodiments, the anionic moiety R1 does not comprise a bridging heteroatom, so that the aliphatic or aromatic moiety comprising the anionic group(s) R2 is bonded to the phenalene-l- one polycyclic structure via the hydrocarbon chain without the presence of an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom.

[0083] According to other embodiments, the anionic moiety R1 comprises a bridging heteroatom, so that the aliphatic or aromatic moiety comprising the anionic group(s) R2 is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a linker including an oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom. In embodiments comprising the bridging heteroatom, the bridging heteroatom is preferably oxygen.

[0084] In embodiments of the at least one phenalene-l-one of the compositions (Al) in a composition according to the present invention, wherein the embodiment comprises the bridging heteroatom, the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom is bonded to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure via a C1-C4hydrocarbon linker. According to embodiments, the group linking the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure is methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene(-CH2-CH2-). According to particular embodiments, the group linking the oxygen or sulfur bridging heteroatom to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure is methylene (-CH2-).

[0085] According to embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 without bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure may be methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2-CH2-), or n-propylene (-CH2-CH2-CH2). According to specific embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 without bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the phenalene-l-one polycyclic structure may be methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene (-CH2-CH2-).

[0086] According to embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 with bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the bridging atom may be methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2-CH2-), or n- propylene (-CH2-CH2-CH2). According to specific embodiments of an aliphatic moiety R1 with bridging heteroatom, the linker binding the anionic group R2 to the bridging atom may be methylene (-CH2-) or ethylene (-CH2-CH2-).

[0087] If R1 is an aromatic moiety, and irrespective of whether the bridging heteroatom is present or not, the anionic group(s) R2 may optionally be directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure, or via a C1-C4 hydrocarbon linker. In these embodiments, it is typically preferred that anionic group(s) are directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure, via a C1-C2 hydrocarbon linker, or via a combination thereof. According to specific embodiments of the aromatic moieties Rl, the anionic group(s) R2 are directly bonded to the phenyl ring or naphthyl ring structure.

[0088] Specific embodiments of phenalene-l-ones to be used as the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in compositions according to the present invention, are listed below:

[0089] The phenalene-l-ones (Al) in the compositions according to the present invention are photosensitizers, i.e. they are able to generate singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a suitable wavelength. Suitably, the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) generates singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 nm to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 nm to 1000 nm. Typically, the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) generates singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, in particular in the range of 380 nm to 490 nm, for example in the range of 390 nm to 430 nm. The most suitable wavelength for the the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) in order to generate singlet oxygen is selected based on the specific chemical nature of the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al).

[0090] According to embodiments, the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) is present in an amount in the range of 0.010 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 8.0 percent- by-weight, more preferably in an amount in the range of 0.30 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in an amount in the range of 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0091] According to embodiments, the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) is preferably dissolved in at least one polar solvent before being blended with the other components of the composition according to the present invention.

[0092] The ability of a solvent to dissolve a given substance, e.g. a phenalene-l-one, may conveniently be evaluated by parameter consideration according to the "Hansen system", which is described in "Hansen Solubility Parameters -A Users Handbook", published by CRC Press (2000). According to the Hansen system, a solvent or mixture of solvents may be described by three solubility parameters 6d (dispersion parameter), 6p (polarity parameter) and 6h (hydrogen bonding parameter).

[0093] According to embodiments, the at least one polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl esters of fatty acids such as methyl ester of fatty acids ethyl esters of fatty acid and isopropyl ester of fatty acids, such as methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate or isopropyl palmitate and alcohols such as ethoxy diglycol, 2-methoxy ethanol or l-methoxy-2-propanol and dimethyl sulfoxide and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidon.

[0094] According to embodiments, the at least one polar solvent has Hansen solubility parameters in the range of 6d 15.0 to 20.0 (MPa)1 / 2, 6p 2.0 to 28.0 (MPa)1 / 2and 6h 5.0 to 13.0 (MPa)1 / 2.

[0095] According to a particular embodiment, the at least one solvent is preferably present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 percent-by- weight, based on the total weight of the composition according to the present invention.2.2 Persulfates (B)

[0096] The composition according to the present invention contains at least one persulfate (B). According to embodiments, the at least one persulfate (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal persulfate salts, alkali metal persulfate salts and ammonium persulfate salts that exhibit oxidizing activity, i.e., generating active oxygen, when combined with an aqueous composition comprising hydrogen peroxide. Examples of alkali metal persulfate salts include lithium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and caesium persulfate. Examples of alkaline earth metal salts include magnesium persulfate and calcium persulfate. According to embodiments, the at least one persulfate (B) is preferably selected from the group consisting of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate. The at least one persulfate is generally present in particulate form, having an average particle size in the range from 0.1 pm to 200 pm.

[0097] According to embodiments, the at least one persulfate (B) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 5.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 7.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 2.3 Alkalizing agents (C)

[0098] According to embodiments, the at least one alkalizing agent (C) is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkanolamines and inorganic alkalizing agents. In a preferred embodiment, the alkanolamines are selected from primary amines having a C2-C6 alkyl base which carries at least one hydroxyl group. Preferred alkanolamines are selected from the group formed by monoethanolamine, 3- aminopropan-l-ol, 2-amino-l-propanol, 4-aminobutan-l-ol, 5-aminopentan-l-ol, l-aminopropan-2-ol, 1- aminobutan-2-ol, l-aminopentan-2-ol, l-aminopentan-3-ol, l-aminopentan-4-ol, 3-amino-2-methylpropan- l-ol, l-amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, 3-aminopropan-l,2-diol and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-l,3-diol.

[0099] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention may contain other alkalizing agents, especially inorganic alkalizing agents. Inorganic alkalizing agents usable as contemplated herein are preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal metasilicate, alkaline earth metal silicates, alkaline earth metal metasilicate, sodiumcarbonate and potassium carbonate. In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic alkalizing agents are selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and sodium metasilicate.

[0100] According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the present invention comprises at least one alkalizing agent (C) which is sodium silicate.

[0101] According to embodiments, the at least one alkalizing agent (C) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 20 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 15 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 12 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition according to the present invention. The at least one alkalizing agent (C), such as sodium silicate, is an alkaline salt which generates an aqueous, basic pH, when the composition according to the present invention is combined with an aqueous medium.

[0102] Since persulfate salts and hydrogen peroxide are relatively stable in acidic medium, it may be necessary to activate them at neutral to basic pH to obtain an adequate formulation. It is thus common practice to add to the composition at least one alkalizing agent (C) such as alkaline alkali metal silicates and / or ammonium silicates. The basic pH is an activating factor for enabling oxidation by an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide in combination with persulfate salts.2.4 Peroxide Sources (E)

[0103] According to embodiments, the at least one peroxide source (E) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 5.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0104] According to embodiments, the at least one peroxide source (E) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, perborates and percarbonates

[0105] According to embodiments, the at least one peroxide source (E) is hydrogen peroxide, which is preferably present in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5 Additives (D)

[0106] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention preferably comprises at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids.

[0107] According to embodiments, the at least one additive (D) is present in an amount in the range of 2.0 to 30 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 18.0 percent-by- weight, most preferably in the range of 4.0 to 17.0 percent-by-weight, in particular in the range of 4.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.1 Sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions

[0108] According to embodiments, the sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions are preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, guanidine, arginine, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, ammonium salts of carbonate, carbamate and hydrogen carbonate ions. In another embodiment, the at least one source of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions is preferably present in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions are solid alkaline salts which deliver an aqueous, basic pH when the composition is combined with an aqueous medium.2.5.2 Aluminosilicates

[0109] According to embodiments, the aluminosilicate is preferably sodium aluminosilicate. In another embodiment, the aluminosilicates are preferably present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition according to the present invention.2.5.3 Surfactants

[0110] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention preferably comprises surfactants, more preferably anionic surfactants, which are selected from the group consisting of salts (such as alkaline salts, for example, sodium salts, ammonium salts, amine salts, amino alcohol salts and magnesium salts) of the following compounds: alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkylamido ether sulphates, alkylarylpolyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates; alkyl sulphonates, alkyl phosphates, alkylamide sulphonates, alkylaryl sulphonates, alpha-olefin sulphonates, paraffin sulphonates; alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulphosuccinates, alkylamide sulphosuccinates; alkyl sulphosuccinamates; alkyl sulphoacetates; alkyl ether phosphates; acyl sarcosinates; acyl isethionates; N-acyltaurates; and mixtures thereof. The alkyl or acyl radical of all of these various compounds, for example, comprises from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and the aryl radical, for example, is chosen from phenyl and benzyl groups. Weakly anionic surfactants can also be used, such as alkyl-D-galactosiduronic acids and their salts, as well aspolyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24) alkyl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24) alkylaryl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24) alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and their salts, for example, those comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups, and mixtures thereof. Anionic derivatives of polysaccharides, for example carboxyalkyl ether of alkyl polyglucosides, can be also used.

[0111] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises an anionic surfactant which is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate or behenate, more preferably the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium salts and potassium salts of laurate, palmitate, or stearate.

[0112] According to embodiments, the surfactants are preferably present in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0113] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention preferably comprises surfactants selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants and cationic surfactants.

[0114] According to embodiments, nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, optionally partly oxidized alk(en)yl oligoglycosides or alk(en)yl polyglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid-N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolysates (particularly wheat-based vegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides.

[0115] Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds which contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO(_> or -SO3(_> group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example, cocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example, cocoacylaminopropyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazolines, containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and cocoacylaminoethyl hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate.

[0116] Amphoteric surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C8 to C18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO3H group in the molecule and which are capable of forming inner salts. Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkyl propionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl- N-alkylamidopropyl glycines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids containing around 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

[0117] Particularly suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, preferably ammonium halides, more especially chlorides and bromides, such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides and trialkyl methyl ammonium chlorides, for example, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride.2.5.4 Chelants

[0118] Hydrogen peroxide is easily decomposed when it comes into contact with heavy metals such as iron, copper and manganese and can quickly become ineffective. This drawback is usually eliminated by the incorporation of chelants into the formulation. According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention contains chelants which are preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediamine- N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG), 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS), N,N- dicarboxymethylglutamic acid (GLDA), methylglycine N,N-diacetic acid (MGDA), glycinamide-N,N'-disuccinic acid (GADS), ethylenediamine-N-N'-bis(ortho-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA), dimethyl glucamine (DMG), N-(l-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid, methylglycine N,N-diacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenedicysteic acid (EDC), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'- diacetic acid (HBED), ethylene diamine tri(methylene phosphonate), tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA), and their salts thereof. More preferably the chelants are selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'- disuccinic acid (EDDS), and salts thereof. By "salts thereof", it is meant in the context of chelants all salts comprising the same functional structure as the chelant they are referring to and including alkali metal salts, alkaline earth salts, ammonium salts, substituted ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof; alternatively sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof; alternatively monoethanolammonium salts, diethanolammonium salts, triethanolammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

[0119] According to embodiments, the chelants are present in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.20 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.30 wt.% to 1.50 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.5 Thickening agents

[0120] The composition according to the present invention comprises preferably at least one thickening agent. Thickening agents are typically water-soluble and deliver the desired semi-fluid to pasty consistency to the composition. Typical thickening agents include, but are not limited to, synthetic water- soluble polymers and water-soluble polymers of natural origin. According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises thickening agents which are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, a polyacrylic acids, acrylate copolymers, polysaccharide gums, xanthan gums, starch, guars, starch derivatives, alginic acid and acrylic acid- diallyldimethylammonium polymers. More preferably, thickening agents are selected from the group consisting of xanthan gums, starch, and alginic acid.

[0121] Exemplary embodiments of water-soluble synthetic polymeric thickening agents comprise polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, non-crosslinked poly-2-acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid, acid crosslinked poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, cross-linked poly-2-acrylamido-2- methylpropane sulfonic acid partially neutralized by ammonia. Additional exemplary embodiments of synthetic water-soluble thickening agents include those such as non-crosslinked poly-2-acrylamido-2- methylpropane sulfonic acid in combination with hydroxyalkylcellulose ethers or with poly (ethylene oxide). Embodiments of water-soluble thickening agents derived from natural sources include, but are not limited to, polymers comprising at least one sugar unit. Exemplary embodiments of natural source thickening agents include but are not limited to non-ionic guar gums semisynthetic guar gums modified with C1-C6 hydroxylalkyl groups; biopolysaccharide gums of microbial origin such as scleroglucan or xanthan gums; gums from plant exudates such as arabian, ghatti, karaya, tragacanth, carrageenan, agar and carob gums; pectins; alginates; starches including such examples as rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, canola starch, cassava starch and hydrolyzed derivatives thereof; hydroxyalkyl (Cl -C 6 ) celluloses and carboxyalkyl (Cl - C 6 ) celluloses. Embodiments of water-soluble cellulosic thickening agents include, but are not limited to, hydroxyalkyl (C 1 -C 6 ) celluloses such as hydroxyethylcellulose.

[0122] According to embodiments, the thickening agents are present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.6 Fillers

[0123] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises fillers which are selected from the group consisting of kaolin clay, smectite clay and a sepiolite clay. According to embodiments, the fillers are preferably present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 10.0percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 8.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.7 Amino acids

[0124] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention preferably comprises at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of alanine, glycine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, citrulline, histidine, arginine, lysine and tyrosine. More preferably, the composition comprises at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of alanine, glycine, valine and arginine; most preferably the at least one amino acid is alanine or glycine or valine or arginine. In a preferred embodiment, the composition does not contain other amino acids. The at least one amino acid which is present in the composition of the present invention is oxidatively stable in a composition, i.e., the at least one amino acid is not oxidized or only oxidized to a very small degree in a composition by one of a nucleophilic oxidation reaction, an electrophilic oxidation reaction or a radical oxidation reaction. In a particular embodiment, the at least one amino acid is preferably obtained from a natural source, more preferably the at least one amino acid is obtained from a plant source.

[0125] According to embodiments, the amino acids are present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.3 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.8 Hydrolyzed proteins

[0126] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention preferably comprises hydrolyzed proteins which are selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed keratin and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. Hydrolyzed proteins are commercially available in the market, e.g., AC Vegan Keratin OS, Nutrilan® Keratin LM, Gluadin® Kera-P LM, KeraMatch® V, FK Repair Ultra, FK Restore, FK Protect Plus and ProSina™.2.5.9 Mono-, di-, tricarboxylic acids

[0127] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises C3- C20 monocarboxylic acids which are preferably selected from the group consisting of propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, iso-pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, iso-hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, iso-heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, iso-octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, iso-nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, nonadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid.

[0128] According to embodiments, the C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids are preferably present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 percent-by- weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.3 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0129] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises C3- C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids which are preferably selected from the group consisting of tartronic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, oxalic acid, sebacic acid, glyoxylic acid, malonic acid and hydroxyglutaric acid.

[0130] According to embodiments, C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids are each present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.3 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.10 Fatty substances

[0131] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises at least one fatty substance which is selected from the group consisting of liquid hydrocarbons, non-silicone oils of animal, plant, mineral or synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and / or fatty alcohol esters, non-silicone waxes, silicones and saturated acyclic terpanes.

[0132] More particularly, the liquid hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of:• linear or branched, optionally cyclic, C6-C16 alkanes such as hexane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, and isoparaffins, such as isohexadecane, isododecane and isodecane,• linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral, animal or synthetic origin with more than 16 carbon atoms, such as volatile or non-volatile liquid paraffins and derivatives thereof, petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, and hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam®.

[0133] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of volatile or non-volatile liquid paraffins, and liquid petroleum jelly.

[0134] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the composition according to the present invention comprises fatty substances in an amount in the range from 1.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.11 Saturated acyclic terpanes

[0135] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises at least one saturated acyclic terpane which is a monoterpane, a sesquiterpane, a diterpane, a sesterterpane, a triterpane or a tetraterpane. In another embodiment, the at least one saturated acyclic terpane is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-dimethyl octane, 2,6,10,15,19-pentamethylleicosane, farnesane, phytane, squalane, isosqualane, neosqualane and lycopane. In yet another embodiment, the at least one saturated acyclic terpane is selected from the group consisting of squalane, isosqualane and neosqualane, preferably the at least one saturated acyclic terpane is squalene.

[0136] As used herein, "squalane" refers to an oil and is also referred to as 2,6,10,15,19,23- hexamethyl tetracosane. According to embodiments, the squalane is synthetic squalane which is obtained by chemical synthesis or semisynthetic squalane which is obtained from naturally occurring squalene by reduction. Squalene is present in deep sea fish, such as sharks, or olive oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, sesame oil and cotton seed oil. Squalane can also be obtained from sugar cane.

[0137] According to embodiments, the at least one saturated acyclic terpane having 10 to 40 carbon atoms is preferably present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 14.0 percent-by-weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 percent-by- weight, yet even more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, in particular in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.2.5.12 Photosensitizers (A2)

[0138] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention comprises at least one second photosensitizer (A2) which is capable of generating singlet oxygen. The second photosensitizer (A2) is preferably selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles. The term "phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al)" is intended to encompass phenalene-l-one photosensitizers except for the phenalene-l-one photosensitizers (Al) of the compositions according to the present invention. In other words, the photosensitizers (A2) exclude the phenalene-l-ones "according to the present invention" as described in Chapter 1 above. The photosensitizers (A2) also exclude phenalene-l-one-2-methylene- sulfonic acid, or a salt thereof.

[0139] Suitable flavins are disclosed for example in EP2723342A1, EP2723743A1, EP2723742A1, and US2019 / 0111168A1, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in entirety.

[0140] Suitable curcumins are disclosed for example in US2019 / 0111168A1. Suitable curcumin derivatives and their manufacture are also described in CA2888140A1 and suitable curcumin-3, 5-dione derivatives and their manufacture similarly are described in EP2698368A1.

[0141] A preferred phenoxazine is, for example, nile blue.

[0142] According to embodiments, suitable phenothiazines are preferably selected from the group consisting of methylene blue, toluidine blue, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue and methylene green.

[0143] According to embodiments, suitable phthalocyanines are preferably selected from the group consisting of zinc phthalocyanine, aluminium phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and tetrakis(p-trimethylammonium)phthalocyanine zinc chloride.

[0144] According to embodiments, suitable xanthenes are preferably selected from the group consisting of pyronine G, eosine B, eosine Y and rose Bengal.

[0145] According to embodiments, suitable porphyrines are preferably selected from the group consisting of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(l-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrine-tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) and tetrakis(p- trimethylammoniumphenyl) porphyrine chloride.

[0146] According to embodiments, suitable tetrapyrroles are preferably selected from the group consisting of chlorin, chlorin e6 and bacteriochlorin.

[0147] The optional at least one photosensitizer (A2) capable of generating singlet oxygen generates singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 nm to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 nm to 1000 nm.

[0148] According to embodiments, the at least one photosensitizer (A2) capable of generating singlet oxygen is present in an amount in the range of 0.010 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 8.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in an amount in the range of 0.30 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in an amount in the range of 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0149] According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the present invention comprises:(Al) 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of the at least one phenalene-l-one (as described in Chapter 2.1 above),(B) 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight of at least one persulfate,(C) 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight of at least one alkalizing agent, and(D) 3.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight of at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids(E) 1.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight of at least one peroxide source (E), preferably hydrogen peroxide.

[0150] According to embodiments, the above composition may further comprise (A2) 0.5 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of at least one photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles.

[0151] According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the present invention comprises:(Al) 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of the at least one phenalene-l-one (as described in Chapter 2.1 above),(B) 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight of at least one persulfate,(C) 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight of at least one alkalizing agent, and(D) 3.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight of at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids, and(E) 1.0 to 12 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight of at least one peroxide source (E), preferably hydrogen peroxide.

[0152] According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the present invention comprises:(Al) 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of the at least one phenalene-l-one (as described in Chapter 2.1 above),(B) 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight of at least one persulfate,(C) 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight of at least one alkalizing agent, and(D) 3.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight of at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids, and(E) 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight hydrogen peroxide, and0.5 to 5.0 percent-by-weight of at least one polar solvent having Hansen solubility parameters in the range of 6d 15.0 to 20.0 (MPa)1 / 2, 6p 2.0 to 28.0 (MPa)1 / 2and 6h 5.0 to 13.0 (MPa)1 / 2.

[0153] According to embodiments, the above compositions may further comprise (A2) 0.5 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of at least one photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles.

[0154] The above compositions are bleaching compositions. Such bleaching compositions are suitable in bleaching operations, in particular such compositions are intended for the bleaching of keratin fibers, and more particularly for bleaching of human hair.

[0155] Composition according to the present invention may be prepared by mixing a bleach powder comprising the at least one persulfate salt (B) and the at least one alkalizing agent (C) and at least one aqueous medium comprising the at least one hydrogen peroxide source (E). The at least one phenalene-l- one (Al) (and the optional photosensitizer (A2), if present) can be present in the bleach powder or in the aqueous medium. Alternatively, the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al) (and the optional photosensitizer (A2), if present) may be added to the bleach powder or the aqueous medium. In one embodiment, the bleach powder is preferably prepared by dispersing, under mechanical action, all the compounds that are present in particle form, i.e., the at least one persulfate salt (B) and the at least one alkalizing agent (C), in the fatty substances, in which the other liquid components of the bleach powder have been pre-dispersed or premixed.

[0156] In another embodiment, the bleach powder is preferably prepared by extrusion, by introducing the liquid and solid phases of the bleach powder into the extruder, and then mixing all components at a temperature of 25 °C or more, using a co-rotating twin-screw system comprising transportation and blending means.

[0157] The bleach powder is used in combination with an oxygen donor, such as hydrogen peroxide, to bleach hair.3 Method of bleaching hair

[0158] Further subject matter of the present invention is a method for bleaching hair. The method comprises the steps of: a) applying the composition according to the present invention to hair, which is dry or wet, to obtain covered hair, b) exposing the covered hair to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 to 1000 nm, more preferably in the range of 380 to 780 nm, even more preferably in the range of 380 to 490 nm, most preferably in the range of 390 nm to 430 nm, c) rinsing the composition from the covered hair, and d) optionally drying the bleached hair.

[0159] According to embodiments of the above method, in step b) the covered hair is exposed to electromagnetic radiation for a period in the range of 1 minute to 50 minutes. For example, the covered hair may be exposed to said electromagnetic radiation for 5 to 40 minutes, such as for 8 to 30 minutes.

[0160] According to embodiments, the bleaching treatment may be repeated a desired number of times in order to achieve a desired result. In other words, steps a) to c) and optionally step d) of the above method may be repeated several times, for example two or three times.

[0161] The bleaching composition may be applied to the hair with any type or number of application devices, with the main purpose of scarcely and densely depositing the bleaching composition on the hair to achieve the desired bleaching result.

[0162] According to embodiments, the electromagnetic radiation is produced by a source of radiation which is selected from the group consisting of artificial sources of radiation such as UV lamps, IR lamps, fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes and lasers.

[0163] According to embodiments, the electromagnetic radiation has an energy density in the range of 1 to 70 mW / cm2, preferably in the range of 10 to 50 mW / cm2- even more preferably in the range of 20 to 40 mW / cm2.

[0164] According to embodiments, the composition according to the present invention has a pH of 7.0 or less. An acidic pH ensures the stability of the hydrogen peroxide in the composition. The pH is preferably obtained by the addition of at least one acidifying agent selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid, malic acid and boric acid. The bleaching composition preferably comprises at least one adjuvant selected from the group consisting of preserving agents, colorants, fragrances, anti-foaming agents, hydrogen peroxide stabilizers, and chelants such as EDTA and EDDS.

[0165] Oxidative hair colouring compositions are typically sold in the form of kits comprising individually packaged components such as separate containers, e.g., a dye or tint component comprising a dye coupler and precursors; an aqueous hydrogen peroxide component and a bleaching composition comprising the alkalizing agent and the persulfate salts. Hence, in another aspect, the present invention is also directed to a kit comprising i) an individually packaged oxidizing component comprising hydrogen peroxide; ii) an individually packaged colouring component comprising at least one dye coupler and at least one dye precursor; and iii) an individually packaged bleaching composition as described herein.

[0166] According to a particular embodiment, the hair may be bleached by application of the bleaching composition as described herein followed by colouring of the hair by applying colouring components comprising at least one dye coupler and at least one dye precursor. A combination of these procedures allows for using lower amounts of dye couplers and dye precursors in comparison to a procedure comprising conventional bleaching techniques and colouring techniques.

[0167] According to embodiments, the dye precursors are selected from of the group consisting of toluene-2,5-diamine, p-phenylenediamine, n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p- phenylenediamine, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate, hydroxypropyl bis(n-hydroxyethyl-p- phenylenediamine), 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol, p-methylaminophenol, 4-amino-m-cresol, 6-amino-m-cresol, bis(5-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)methane, tetraaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triamino-4-pyrimidinol, 4,5-diamino-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol 2,3- diaminodihydroxypyrazolopyrazolone dimethosulfonate, 4,5-diamino-l-hexylpyrazol, hydroxypropyl-p- phenylenediamine, dimethylpiperazinium aminopyrazolopyridine chloride hydrochloride, methylimidazoliumpropyl p-phenylenediamine, hydroxyethoxy aminopyrazolopyridine and salts thereof. Preferably, the oxidative primary dye precursors are selected from of the group consisting of toluene-2,5-diamine, 4,5-diamino-l-hexylpyrazol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine, hydroxypropyl-p- phenylenediamine, 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine and salts thereof.

[0168] According to embodiments, the dye couplers are selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, 4-chlororesorcinol, 2-chlororesorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, m-aminophenol, 4-amino-2- hydroxytoluene, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 3-amino-2,6-dimethylphenol, 3-amino-2,4- dichlorophenol, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol, 5-amino-4-chloro-o-cresol, hydroxybenzomorpholine, 2-amino- 5-ethylphenol, 6-amino-m-cresol, 6-amino-o-cresol, 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, 2-amino-4- hydroxyethylaminoanisole, l,3-bis-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, 2,6-dihydroxyethylaminotoluenep, m- phenylenediamine, 2,4-diamino-l,5-di(2-hydroxyethoxybenzene, 1-naphthol, 2-methyl-l-naphthol, 1,5- naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, l-acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene, 2,6-dihydroxy-3,4- dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-pyridinediamine, 3-amino-6-methoxy-2-(methylamino)-pyridine, 2- amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, dihydroxyindole, 6-hydroxyindole, dihydroxyindoline, phenyl methyl pyrazolone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 5-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-l,3-benzodioxol, isatin, hydroquinone, 4-formyl-l-methylquinolinium-p-toluenesulfonate and salts thereof. Preferably, the oxidative coupler dye precursors are selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, 4-chlororesorcinol, 2-chlororesorcinol, m-aminophenol, hydroxybenzomorpholine, 2,4- diaminophenoxyethanol, 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 5-((2- hydroxyethyl)amino)-l,3-benzodioxol and salts thereof.4 Uses of the phenalene-l-one photosensitizers disclosed herein

[0169] Further subject matter of the present invention is the use of at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, for bleaching keratin fibers, in particular hair, wherein:R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(l-naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein:a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1, B is -O- or -S-,R2 is -SO3M, -C02M, -PO3M2 or -B(0M)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion.

[0170] Usually, the hair will be human scalp hair and / or human facial hair.

[0171] Further subject matter of the present invention is the use of a composition as described in Chapter 2 above for bleaching hair, in particular human scalp hair and / or human facial hair. The composition comprises at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), at least one persulfate (B), at least one alkalizing agent (C), and at least one peroxide source (E).

[0172] Further subject matter of the present invention is the use of at least one phenalene-l-one as described hereinabove for disinfecting a surface. According to embodiments, (1- oxophenalen-2- yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof is not contemplated for use in disinfecting a surface.5 Advantages of the present invention

[0173] The present invention is associated with one or more of the following advantages:• the hair shows a lower level of off-tone, when bleached according to the present invention, as compared to conventionally bleached hair• the hair is more efficiently bleached by the present invention• the level of damage to the hair is similar or less, when bleached according to the present invention, as compared to conventionally bleached hair• the hair feels softer, when bleached according to the present invention, as compared to conventionally bleached hair6 Examples

[0174] The present invention is illustrated in detail by non-restrictive working examples which follow. More particularly, the test methods specified hereinafter are part of the general disclosure of the application and are not restricted to the specific working examples.6.1 Example 1: Synthesis of Phenalene-l-one

[0175] 20.8 g 2-Naphthol (CAS-Nr. 135-19-3, 144.17 g / mol), 50 g Glycerol (92.09 g / mol) and 24.8 g sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (225.15 g / mol) where suspended in a mixture containing 72.0 mL cone, sulphuric acid and 48.0 g water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 140°C for 1 h. The obtained black tar was poured onto ice and diluted with 400.0 g water. After crystallization for 1 h in the fridge, the supernatant was discarded, and the sediment was extracted twice with 200.0 g each of warm toluene at 60°C. The toluene phase is treated with active carbon and filtered. The mother liquor is evaporated under reduced pressure and cooled down, affording 10.22 g of the desired product as yellow-brownish crystals which corresponds to a yield of 19.8%.6.2 Example 2: Synthesis of sodium;4-[(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonatee ra u y ammon um rom e water / toluene

[0176] 0.288 g Sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate (CAS-Nr. 825-90-1, 196.16 g / mol), 0.094 g potassium hydroxide (CAS-Nr. 1310-58-3, 56.11 g / mol), 2.0 g water and 10.0 g toluene (CAS-Nr. 108-88-3, 92.14 g / mol) were added into a round bottom flask and resulting slurry was heated to 60°C for 0.5 h, while a clear solution was formed. Evaporation of the solvent until dryness, obtained the corresponding potassium salt of 4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate (0.36 g, anhydrous). Then, into the same flask, 0.30 g 2- (chloromethyl)phenalene-l-one (228.67 g / mol), 0.06 g potassium iodide (CAS-Nr. 7681-11-0, 166.00 g / mol), 0.06 g tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB, CAS-Nr. 1643-19-2, 322.37 g / mol), 0.15 g water and 6.00 g toluene (CAS-Nr. 108-88-3, 92.14 g / mol) were added and heated up to 60°C for 3-4 h while a brown suspension was formed. This suspension was filtered off to obtain a brown, wet solid. Then, 6.75 g methanol and 0.75 g water were added to this slurry at 20-25°C, stirred for 1 h and filtrated again to afford a light brown-yellow solid. The product was dried in vacuum at 60°C to obtain 0.46 g of sodium;4-[(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate in 91% yield and 90 area% HPLC purity. The dry powder is very hygroscopic and must be prevented from moisture.6.3 Example 3: Synthesis of sodium;2-[(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonate

[0177] Potassium carbonate (1.1 eq., 5 mmol, 0.67 g) and sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate (1.1 eq., 5 mmol, 0.71 g) are suspended in a mixture of DMF and water (3:2, 10 parts per volume, 10 ml) and heated to 90 °C. 2-(Chloromethyl)phenalene-l-one (1.0 eq., 4 mmol, 1.00 g) is added to the DMF-water mixture within one hour with vigorous stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture is stirred for half an hour. The reaction mixture is then cooled to 0 °C and acetone (15 parts per volume, 15 ml) is added while stirring. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed with a little cold acetone to obtain the product as a pale yellow solid (0.84 g, 56 %).6.4 Example 4: Synthesis of sodium;(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxymethanesulfonate

[0178] Potassium carbonate (1.1 eq., 5 mmol, 0.67 g) and sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (1.1 eq., 5 mmol, 0.65 g) are suspended in a mixture of DMF and water (3:2, 10 parts per volume, 10 ml) and heated to 90 °C. 2-(Chloromethyl)phenalene-l-one (1.0 eq., 4 mmol, 1.00 g) is added to the DMF-water mixture within one hour with vigorous stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture is stirred for half an hour. The reaction mixture is then cooled to 0 °C and acetone (20 parts per volume, 20 ml) is added during this time. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed with a little cold acetone to obtain the product as a lightyellow solid (0.92 g, 65 %).6.5 Example 5: Hair bleaching

[0179] Bleaching compositions are produced by mixing the following components:• 20.0g Blondorplex® bleach powder• 6.50g photosensitizer solution (30.0 mg of the indicated photosensitizer in 15.0 g distilled water)• 15.0g Welloxon® Perfect 12% oxidizing formula, containing 12.0 percent-by-weight hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous medium, based on the overall weight of the product (Developer from the Wella Germany GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany)• 8.50g water

[0180] The following protocol is used to assess the performance of each oxidative hair treatment composition:1 Three natural brown hair tresses (virgin 4 / 0 (standard)) are used (n=3).2 The above bleaching composition is applied and worked throughout the hair tresses with a brush. 4.0 g of product is applied to each 1.0g tress.3 The tresses are irradiated for 40 minutes with an LED lamp emitting light of 405 or 415 nm, at an energy density of 35.0 mW / cm2, or put into an oven at 30°C for 40.0 minutes.4 The tresses are then rinsed in water, 4 L min1at a temperature of 37.0±2.0°C for 2.0 minutes.

[0181] Bleaching results: sodium;(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxyethanesulfonate

[0182] The direct comparison of the above bleaching results, i.e. "tress in blue light" with or without the phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention, demonstrate:• the presence of phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention results in a remarkably reduced level of off-tone level, as demonstrated by lower a* and b* values (Aa*= -0.82, Ab*= -1.50)• the presence of phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention results a similar (even though better) bleach level, as demonstrated by a higher L* value (AL*= +1.68)

[0183] Notably, reduced off-tone level and improved bleach level are accompanied by reduced damage to the hair. In addition, a softness level of the hair is improved.

[0184] Bleaching results: sodium;(l-oxophenalene-2-yl)methoxymethanesulfonate

[0185] Again, the direct comparison of the above bleaching results, i.e. "tress in blue light" with or without the phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention, demonstrates:• the presence of phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention results in a remarkably reduced level of off-tone level, as demonstrated by lower a* and b* values (Aa*= -0.43,Ab*= -l.ll)• the presence of phenalenone-l-one sensitizer according to the present invention results a similar (even though better) bleach level, as demonstrated by a higher L* value (AL*= +0.38)

[0186] Notably, reduced off-tone level and improved bleach level are accompanied by reduced damage to the hair. In addition, a softness level of the hair is improved.6.6 Further formulae of phenalene-l-ones contemplated by the present invention7 Statements

[0187] The following statements further illustrate the present invention.1 Phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and whereinR1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -SO3M, -O-SO3M, -C02M, -P(O)(OM)2, -O-P(O)(OM)2 or -B(OM)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion, with the proviso that the phenalene-l-one is not (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof.2 The phenalene-l-one according to statement 1, wherein naphthyl is 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl.3 The phenalene-l-one according to statement 1 or 2, wherein R2 is -SO3M or -CO2M, in particular wherein R2 is -SO3M.4 The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein R1 is bonded to the phenalene-l-one at position 2 or 6, in particular wherein R1 is bond to the phenalene-l-one at position 2.5 The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein d is 0.The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein B is oxygen. The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein a is 1 or 2. The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein c is 0, 1 or 2. The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding statements, wherein R1 is an aliphatic moiety, wherein b is 1, 2 or 3. The phenalene-l-one according to statement 1, selected from:• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)acetate,• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)ethanesulfonate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propanoate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propane-l-sulfonate,• 4-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)butanoate,• (l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxymethanesulfonate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]acetate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonate,• 3-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]propanoate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 4-[(6-oxophenalen-l-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 5-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-l-sulfonate,• 6-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2-sulfonate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, further comprising counterion(s) M. Composition, comprising:(Al) at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -SO3M, -O-SO3M, -C02M, -P(O)(OM)2, -O-P(O)(OM)2 or -B(0M)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion,(B) at least one persulfate,(C) at least one alkalizing agent, and(E) at least one peroxide source. The composition according to statement 11, wherein naphthyl is 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl. The composition according to statement 11 or 12, wherein R2 is -SO3M or -CO2M, in particular wherein R2 is -SO3M. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 13, wherein R1 is bonded to the at least one phenalene-l-one of component (Al) at position 2 or 6, in particular wherein R1 is bond to the at least one phenalene-l-one of component (Al) at position 2. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 14, wherein d is 0. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 15, wherein B is oxygen. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 16, wherein a is 1 or 2. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 17, wherein c is 0, 1 or 2. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 18, wherein R1 is an aliphatic moiety, wherein b is 1, 2 or 3. The composition according to statement 19, wherein the at least one phenalene-l-one is selected from:• (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonate,• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)acetate,• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)ethanesulfonate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propanoate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propane-l-sulfonate,• 4-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)butanoate,• (l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxymethanesulfonate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]acetate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonate,• 3-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]propanoate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 4-[(6-oxophenalen-l-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 5-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-l-sulfonate,• 6-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2-sulfonate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, the at least one phenalene-l-one further comprising counterion(s) M.21 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 20, wherein the composition is a bleaching composition.22 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 21, wherein the composition is a composition for bleaching keratin fibers, in particular for bleaching human hair.23 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 22, wherein the at least one phenalene-l- one of component (Al) generates singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 nm to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 nm to 1000 nm.24 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 23, wherein the at least one phenalene-l- one of component (Al) is present in an amount in the range of 0.010 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 8.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in an amount in the range of 0.30 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in an amount in the range of 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.25 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 24, wherein the at least one persulfate (B) is selected from the group consisting of ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate.26 The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 25, wherein the at least one persulfate (B) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 5.0to 25.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 7.0 wt.% to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 26, wherein the at least one alkalizing agent (C) is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkanolamines and inorganic alkalizing agents. The composition according to statement 27, wherein the alkanolamines are selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, 3-aminopropan-l-ol, 4-aminobutan-l-ol, 5-aminopentan-l-ol, 1- aminopropan-2-ol, 2-amino-l-propanol, l-aminobutan-2-ol, l-aminopentan-2-ol, l-aminopentan-3- ol, l-aminopentan-4-ol, 3-amino-2-methylpropan-l-ol, l-amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, 3- aminopropan-l,2-diol and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-l,3-diol. The composition according to statement 27 or 28, wherein the inorganic alkalizing agents are selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal metasilicate, alkaline earth metal silicates, alkaline earth metal metasilicate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. The composition according to statement 29, wherein the inorganic alkalizing agents are selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and sodium metasilicate. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 30, wherein the at least one alkalizing agent (C) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 20 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 15 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 12 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 31, wherein the at least one peroxide source (E) is present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 5.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 32, wherein the at least one peroxide source (E) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, perborates and percarbonates.The composition according to statement 33, wherein the at least one peroxide source (E) is hydrogen peroxide, which is preferably present in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 34, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids. The composition according to statement 35, wherein the at least one additive (D) is present in an amount in the range of 2.0 to 30 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 3.0 to 25.0 percent- by-weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 18.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in the range of 4.0 to 17.0 percent-by- weight, in particular in the range of 4.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to statement 35 or 36, wherein the sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, guanidine, arginine, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, ammonium salts of carbonate, carbamate and hydrogen carbonate ions. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 37, wherein the at least one source of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions is present in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 38, wherein the aluminosilicate is sodium aluminosilicate. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 39, wherein the aluminosilicates are present in an amount in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition.The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 40, wherein the surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate or behenate. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 41, wherein the surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium salts and potassium salts of laurate, palmitate or stearate. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 42, wherein the surfactants are present in an amount in the range of 1.0 to 9.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 percent- by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 43, wherein the chelants are selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'- disuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG), 2-hydroxypropylenediamine- N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS), N,N-dicarboxymethylglutamic acid (GLDA), methylglycine N,N-diacetic acid (MGDA), glycinamide-N,N'-disuccinic acid (GADS), ethylenediamine-N-N'-bis(ortho- hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA), dimethyl glucamine (DMG), N-(l-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid, methylglycine N,N-diacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenedicysteic acid (EDC), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED), ethylene diamine tri(methylene phosphonate), tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N'- tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA), and salts thereof. The composition according to statement 44, wherein the chelants are selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), and salts thereof. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 45, wherein the chelants are present in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.20 to 2.0 percent- by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.30 wt.% to 1.50 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 46, wherein the thickening agents are selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, a polyacrylic acids, acrylate copolymers, polysaccharide gums, xanthan gums, starch, guars, starch derivatives, alginic acid and acrylic acid- diallyldimethylammonium polymers.The composition according to statement 47 wherein the thickening agents are selected from the group consisting of xanthan gums, starch, and alginic acid. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 48, wherein the thickening agents are present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 49, wherein the fillers are selected from the group consisting of kaolin clay, smectite clay and a sepiolite clay. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 50, wherein the fillers are present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 8.0 percent- by-weight, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 51, wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of alanine, glycine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, citrulline, histidine, arginine, lysine and tyrosine. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 52, wherein the amino acids are present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to < 2.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.3 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 53, wherein the hydrolyzed proteins are selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed keratin and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 54, wherein the C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, iso-hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, iso-heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, iso-octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, iso-nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, nonadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 55, wherein the C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of tartronic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid,citric acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, oxalic acid, sebacic acid, glyoxylic acid, malonic acid and hydroxyglutaric acid. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 56, wherein the C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and / or C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids are each present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.3 percent-by-weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 percent- by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 57, wherein the fatty substances are selected from the group consisting of liquid hydrocarbons, non-silicone oils of animal, plant, mineral or synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and / or fatty alcohol esters, non-silicone waxes, silicones and saturated acyclic terpanes. The composition according to any one of statements 35 to 58, wherein the saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms are selected from the group consisting of squalane, isosqualane and neosqualane. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 59, further comprising (A2) at least one photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen, wherein the at least one photosensitizer (A2) selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles. The composition according to statement 60, wherein the phenoxazine is nile blue. The composition according to statement 60 or 61, wherein the phenothiazines are selected from the group consisting of methylene blue, toluidine blue, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue and methylene green. The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 62, wherein phthalocyanines are selected from the group consisting of zinc phthalocyanine, aluminium phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and tetrakis(p-trimethylammonium)phthalocyanine zinc chloride. The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 63, wherein the xanthenes are selected from the group consisting of pyronine G, eosine B, eosine Y and rose Bengal.The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 64, wherein the porphyrines are selected from the group consisting of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(l-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrine-tetra(p- toluenesulfonate) and tetrakis(p-trimethylammoniumphenyl) porphyrine chloride. The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 65, wherein the tetrapyrroles are selected from the group consisting of chlorin, chlorin e6 and bacteriochlorin. The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 66, wherein the at least one photosensitizer (A2) capable of generating singlet oxygen generates singlet oxygen when exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 nm to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 nm to 1000 nm. The composition according to any one of statements 60 to 67, wherein the at least one photosensitizer (A2) capable of generating singlet oxygen is present in an amount in the range of 0.010 to 10.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 8.0 percent-by- weight, more preferably in an amount in the range of 0.30 to 5.0 percent-by-weight, most preferably in an amount in the range of 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of statements 11 to 68 comprising(Al) 0.50 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of the at least one phenalene-l-one,(B) 3.0 to 30.0 percent-by-weight of at least one persulfate,(C) 3.0 to 20.0 percent-by-weight of at least one alkalizing agent, and(D) 3.0 to 25.0 percent-by-weight of at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids, and(E) 1.0 to 12.0 percent-by-weight, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 percent-by-weight of at least one peroxide source (E), preferably hydrogen peroxide. The composition according to statement 69, further comprising (A2) 0.5 to 3.0 percent-by-weight of at least one photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles.Method for bleaching hair comprising the steps of: a) applying the composition according to any one of statements 11 to 70 to hair, to obtain covered hair, b) exposing the covered hair to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 to 1000 nm, c) rinsing the composition from the covered hair and d) optionally drying the bleached hair. The method according to statement 71, wherein in step b) the covered hair is exposed to electromagnetic radiation for a period in the range of 1 minute to 50 minutes. Use of at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, for bleaching hair, wherein:R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is - oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -SO3M, -C02M, -PO3M2 or -B(OM)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion. Use of at least one phenalene-l-one according to any one of statements 1-10 for disinfecting a surface.

Claims

1.CLAIMS1 Phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and whereinR1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -SO3M, -O-SO3M, -C02M, -P(O)(OM)2, -O-P(O)(OM)2 or -B(OM)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion, with the proviso that the phenalene-l-one is not (1- oxophenalen-2-yl)methanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof.2 The phenalene-l-one according to claim 1, wherein naphthyl is 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl.3 The phenalene-l-one according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R2 is -SO3M or -CO2M, in particular wherein R2 is -SO3M.4 The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 is bonded to the phenalene-l-one at position 2 or 6, in particular wherein R1 is bond to the phenalene-l-one at position 2.5 The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein d is 0.6 The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein B is oxygen.The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a is 1 or 2. The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein c is 0, 1 or 2. The phenalene-l-one according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 is an aliphatic moiety, wherein b is 1, 2 or 3. The phenalene-l-one according to claim 1, selected from:• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)acetate,• 2-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)ethanesulfonate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propanoate,• 3-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)propane-l-sulfonate,• 4-(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)butanoate,• (l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxymethanesulfonate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]acetate,• 2-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonate,• 3-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]propanoate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 4-[(6-oxophenalen-l-yl)methoxy]benzenesulfonate,• 5-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-l-sulfonate,• 6-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2-sulfonate,• 4-[(l-oxophenalen-2-yl)methoxy]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, further comprising counterion(s) M. Composition, comprising:(Al) at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, wherein R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is oxygen or sulfur,R2 is -SO3M, -O-SO3M, -C02M, -P(O)(OM)2, -O-P(O)(OM)2 or -B(0M)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion,(B) at least one persulfate,(C) at least one alkalizing agent, and(E) at least one peroxide source. The composition according to claim 11, wherein the composition is a composition for bleaching keratin fibers, in particular for bleaching human hair. The composition according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive (D) selected from the group consisting of sources of carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions or carbamate ions, aluminosilicates, surfactants, chelants, thickening agents, fillers, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, fatty substances, saturated acyclic terpanes having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, C3- C20 monocarboxylic acids and C3-C10 di- or tricarboxylic acids. The composition according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising (A2) at least one photosensitizer capable of generating singlet oxygen, wherein the at least one photosensitizer (A2) selected from the group consisting of phenalene-l-ones other than the at least one phenalene-l-one (Al), curcumins, flavins, riboflavins, phenoxazines, phenothiazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, xanthenes, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, porphyrines, coumarins, pyrenes, perylenes, acridine orange and tetrapyrroles. Method for bleaching hair comprising the steps of: a) applying the composition according to any one of claims 11 to 14 to hair, to obtain covered hair, b) exposing the covered hair to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of 230 to 1000 nm, preferably in the range of 380 to 1000 nm, c) rinsing the composition from the covered hair and d) optionally drying the bleached hair.Use of at least one phenalene-l-one according to Formula (I):or salt thereof, for bleaching hair, wherein: R1 is an anionic moiety bonded to the phenalene-l-one at one of positions 2-9, and wherein R1 is:(a) -[(CH2)a-(B)]d-(CH2)b-R2,(b) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(phenyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-2), or(c) -(CH2)a-(B)d-(naphthyl)-[(CH2)c-R2](l-3), wherein: a is an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 1-6, c is an integer of 0-4, d is 0 or 1,B is - oxygen or sulfur, R2 is -SO3M, -C02M, -PO3M2 or -B(OM)2, wherein M corresponds to a monovalent counterion. Use of at least one phenalene-l-one according to any one of claims 1-10 for disinfecting a surface.

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