Method for supplying electrical devices with power by a bidirectional charging system of an electric or hybrid vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power supply method (100) for supplying power to electrical devices connected to an electric vehicle provided with a bidirectional charging system comprising an external charging socket, an internal charging socket, and two electrical conductors connecting the external and internal charging sockets to a power electronics stage via first and second switches, respectively, the power supply method (100) comprising steps of: * detecting (111) connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket; * closing (112) the first switches; * activating (113) the power electronics stage and supplying the first electrical device with power; * detecting (114) connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket; * detecting (115) the zero crossing of the AC voltage applied across the two electrical conductors; * closing (116) the second switches at zero voltage.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Title of the invention: Method for powering electrical devices using a bidirectional charging system from an electric or hybrid vehicle

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of the automotive industry and more specifically concerns a method of supplying electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system, as well as a bidirectional charging system enabling such supply.

[0004] Some electric vehicles are equipped with bidirectional chargers. Such a bidirectional charger is not only capable of charging the vehicle's high-voltage battery from an external charging station, but also of transferring energy from the vehicle's high-voltage battery, in the form of alternating current, to an external device. This functionality is called V2L (for "Vehicle-to-Load") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a load outside the vehicle, i.e., an electrical appliance. It is also called V2H (for "Vehicle-to-Home") or V2B (for "Vehicle-to-Building") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a home or building's electrical grid, or V2G (for "Vehicle-to-Grid") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a grid provided by an energy supplier.

[0005] It should be noted that in this application, the vehicle's high-voltage battery is understood to be a battery capable of powering the inverter and electric motor while the vehicle is in motion, as opposed to a service battery capable of powering the vehicle's onboard electrical system. The high-voltage battery therefore has a maximum open-circuit voltage well above 12V (volts) and is generally between 200 and 800V.

[0006] The bidirectional charger is therefore capable of converting the high voltage of the vehicle's high-voltage battery into an alternating voltage suitable for use by household appliances, for example, 230V in France, or by industrial equipment requiring three-phase power. The V2L (Voltage-to-Load) function is available upon detection of a connection of the electrical device to a vehicle charging socket, or upon activation of a command by a vehicle user. The electrical device can be connected to an internal vehicle charging socket, typically for plugging in a kettle, or to an external vehicle charging socket, usually used to recharge the high-voltage battery via an external charging station. A plug adapter may be necessary, for example, to allow the electrical device to be powered by a household appliance via the external charging socket when it is a three-phase socket.

[0007] The development of electric vehicles is leading to new uses, making it desirable for an electric vehicle user to be able to connect both a first electrical device to the external charging socket of an electric vehicle, for example to power an electric barbecue, and a second electrical device to the internal charging socket of the vehicle, for example to power an electric kettle.

[0008] To allow simultaneous and safe use of both charging ports on the vehicle in V2L mode, the inventors have integrated switches between the bidirectional charger and the external charging port on one hand, and between the bidirectional charger and the internal charging port on the other. Thus, the external charging port is not powered when only the internal charging port is in use, and vice versa.

[0009] This solution is unsatisfactory, however, because when a first electrical device is powered by V2L, and the user connects a second electrical device, the live switches between the second device and the bidirectional charger must be closed, which risks damaging the switches, for example, by causing them to stick in the closed position. Similarly, when both electrical devices are powered by V2L simultaneously and the user disconnects one of them, the live switches between that device and the bidirectional charger open, which also risks damaging the switches.

[0010] It would therefore be necessary to temporarily stop the operation of the bidirectional charger during the closing or opening of switches between one of the electrical devices and the bidirectional charger when the other electrical device is powered by V2L, but this interruption of service may damage the latter electrical device depending on its nature.

[0011] The present invention aims to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a method for supplying electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system, and a bidirectional charging system enabling such supply, which make it possible to secure simultaneous supply of two electrical devices by the bidirectional charger without interruption of service when one of the two electrical devices is connected or disconnected.

[0012] To this end, the invention proposes a method for powering electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by a bidirectional charging system for a high-voltage battery of the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least:

[0013] - an external charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as external connections,

[0014] - an internal charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as internal connections,

[0015] - at least two electrical conductors connecting said charging sockets to a power electronics stage, and

[0016] - the power electronics stage, which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery and supplying an alternating voltage between the two electrical conductors, each of the two electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch comprising a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external charging socket, and on the other hand, a second branch comprising a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal charging socket, the power supply process comprising, in the following order, the steps of:

[0017] - detection of the connection of a first electrical device to the external or internal charging socket, with the first and second switches open,

[0018] - closing the first switches or respectively the second switches,

[0019] - activation of the power electronics stage and power supply of the first electrical device, the power supply process being characterized in that it further comprises the steps of:

[0020] - detection of a connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket,

[0021] - detection of the zero crossing of the alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors,

[0022] - closing of the second switches or respectively of the first switches to zero voltage or current, and powering of the second electrical device.

[0023] The external charging socket is accessible to the user outside the vehicle. This is, for example, the socket used to charge the vehicle's high-voltage battery; this socket is, for instance, a Type 2 or Combo socket, according to the terminology of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 62196. Connecting the first or second electrical device to this external charging socket generally requires an adapter if that device operates on single-phase current.

[0024] The internal charging socket is located, for example, in the passenger compartment or in a cargo area of ​​the vehicle when it is a commercial vehicle. In the latter case, the internal charging socket may be capable of supplying three-phase power. Connecting the first or second electrical device to the internal charging socket may therefore also require an adapter if the first or second device operates on single-phase power and the charging socket is capable of supplying three-phase power.

[0025] It is therefore understood that the bidirectional charging system is generally a three-phase charging system, although the invention also works with a single-phase charging system.

[0026] In the case where the charging system is three-phase and the two electrical devices operate in single-phase, the first or second switches closed at zero voltage or current correspond to the only two phases supplied by the three-phase charging system.

[0027] In the case where the charging system is three-phase and one of the electrical devices operates in three-phase while the other operates in single-phase, the first or second switches closed at zero voltage or current are those that correspond to the two phases of the three-phase charging system supplying both electrical devices.

[0028] Furthermore, the detection of the connection of the first or second electrical device uses, for example, a microswitch (also called a "micro-switch" in English) located on the charging socket or on the charging socket adapter housing the device in question, or the activation of the V2L functionality by a user. A human-machine interface is then available for this purpose, either on a multimedia tablet in the vehicle or on the user's cordless phone, paired with the vehicle. This activation can also be performed by the adapter, for example, via wireless communication with a communication module in the vehicle, when the adapter detects the connection of the electrical device.

[0029] Thanks to this invention, the second electrical device can be safely connected without damaging the charging system or interrupting the power supply to the first device. This is because alternating current only reaches the second device once it is plugged in, thanks to the first or second switches located upstream of the charging socket. Furthermore, these switches close when there is zero voltage or current, preventing damage to them.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, the feeding process according to the invention further comprises the steps of:

[0031] - detection of a disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices,

[0032] - detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the electrical conductors,

[0033] - opening to zero voltage or current of the first or second switches corresponding to the external or internal charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices was detected.

[0034] Detecting when one of the first or second electrical devices is disconnected uses, for example, a microswitch or a user control, just as detecting when the second device is connected. The zero-voltage or zero-current opening of the first or second switches prevents damage to them, even though the other switch in the first or second electrical device is still powered.

[0035] Following this opening to zero voltage or current of the first or second switches, the power supply method according to the invention comprises, for example, the steps of:

[0036] - detection of a disconnection of the other, of the first or second electrical appliance,

[0037] - deactivation of the power electronics stage,

[0038] - opening of the first or second switches corresponding to the external or internal charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device was detected.

[0039] Thus, this final opening of the first or second switches also occurs at zero voltage or current.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, among the external connections, only one external phase connection and one external neutral connection are made accessible to a user, among the internal connections, only one internal phase connection and one internal neutral connection are made accessible to a user, and the step of closing the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, includes the simultaneous closing of the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current previously detected.

[0041] In this embodiment, the charging system is, for example, single-phase, or three-phase, and in the latter case, at least one of the internal and external charging sockets is equipped with an adapter for single-phase power. Since the first and second electrical devices are single-phase in this embodiment of the invention, the two corresponding power supply phases drop to zero voltage or current simultaneously, and the second or first switches can therefore be closed simultaneously.

[0042] In another embodiment of the invention, the external connections comprise three external phase connections and one external neutral connection, the internal connections comprise three internal phase connections and one internal neutral connection, the electrical conductors comprise three electrical phase conductors and one electrical neutral conductor, the power electronics stage is capable of supplying an alternating voltage between each of the three electrical phase conductors and the electrical neutral conductor, each of the electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch comprising a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external load socket, and on the other hand, a second branch comprising a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal load socket, and:

[0043] - During the step of detecting the connection of the first electrical device to the external or internal charging socket, with the first and second switches open, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the first electrical device,

[0044] - the step of closing the first switches or respectively the second switches, before activation of the power electronics stage, includes the closing of all the first switches or respectively all the second switches,

[0045] - During the step of detecting the connection of the second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the second electrical device,

[0046] - the zero-crossing detection step, before the closing step of the second or first switches respectively, at zero voltage or current, includes the detection of the zero crossing of each alternating voltage applied between each phase electrical conductor and the neutral electrical conductor, or of each current flowing through each phase conductor, and

[0047] - the step of closing the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, includes the successive closings of each second switch or respectively each first switch of the phase conductors, at each corresponding zero voltage or current detection.

[0048] It is understood that in this alternative embodiment, the charging system is three-phase and both electrical devices are supplied with three-phase power. Unlike the previous embodiment in which, when the charging system is three-phase, only two supply phases are used, in this alternative embodiment of the invention, all three supply phases of the charging system, as well as its neutral phase, are used. Furthermore, since the three supply phases cross to zero voltage or current in a phase-shifted manner, the three second or first switches of the phase conductors corresponding to these three supply phases are also closed in a phase-shifted manner. It should be noted that the second or first switch corresponding to the neutral conductor can be closed at any time, as its voltage and current are generally close to zero.

[0049] Finally, during the step of detecting the connection of the second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, the detection of the power supply type of the second electrical device uses, for example, a specific adapter or a user command.

[0050] For example, whether the charging system is single-phase or three-phase, the internal or external charging socket has a push button capable of closing a detection circuit. The step of detecting a connection to the internal or external charging socket uses an adapter that cooperates with the push button. The adapter is configured to electrically connect the internal or external charging socket to one of the first or second electrical devices. The adapter may, for example, only allow one type of power supply: single-phase or three-phase. The step of detecting a connection to the internal or external charging socket includes determining which type of power supply the adapter allows.

[0051] The internal or external charging socket may have several push buttons, and the adapter may be specific to a single-phase or three-phase load type and cooperate with a push button specific to one of these two load types. Alternatively, standardized IEC mechanisms may be used if the electrical appliance and the charging socket to which it is connected are compatible with these mechanisms.

[0052] Alternatively, the step of detecting the connection of the first or second electrical device to the internal or external charging socket is carried out by activating a user command on a human-machine interface connected by wired or wireless communication with a communication module of the vehicle, the user command specifying the type of single-phase or three-phase power supply for the first or respectively the second electrical device.

[0053] The invention also relates to a bidirectional charging system for a high-voltage battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle, capable of powering electrical devices connected to the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as external connections,

[0054] - an internal charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as internal connections,

[0055] - at least two electrical conductors connecting said charging sockets to a power electronics stage, and

[0056] - the power electronics stage, which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery and supplying an alternating voltage between the two electrical conductors, each of the two electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch with a first switch connected to an external connection separate from the external charging socket, and on the other hand, a second branch with a second switch connected to an internal connection separate from the internal charging socket, the bidirectional charging system comprising:

[0057] - means of detecting the connection of a first electrical device to the external or internal charging socket when the first and second switches are open,

[0058] - means for closing the first switches or respectively the second switches, capable of being activated by the means for detecting the connection of the first electrical appliance,

[0059] - means for activating the power electronics and power supply stage of the first electrical device, when the first switches or respectively the second switches are closed, the bidirectional load system being characterized in that it further comprises:

[0060] - means for detecting the connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, when the power electronics stage is supplying power to the first electrical device,

[0061] - means for detecting the zero crossing of an alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors, when the power electronics stage is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected,

[0062] - means for closing the second switches or respectively the first switches at zero voltage or current, and for supplying the second electrical device, capable of using the means for detecting the zero crossing, when the power electronics stage is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected.

[0063] The invention also relates to an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a bidirectional charging system according to the invention.

[0064] The electric or hybrid vehicle according to the invention and the bidirectional charging system according to the invention have advantages similar to those of the power supply method according to the invention.

[0065] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several illustrative and non-limiting examples of embodiments given with reference to the attached schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0066] [Fig. 1] represents a bidirectional charging system according to the invention, installed in an electric or hybrid vehicle, in one embodiment of the invention.

[0067] [fig 2] is a state diagram of the bidirectional charging system in figure 1, depending on the electrical devices that are connected to the electric or hybrid vehicle,

[0068] [Fig. 3] represents the first stages of a power supply method according to the invention, for electrical devices connected to the electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by the bidirectional charging system of Figure 1, in one embodiment of the invention, and

[0069] [fig 4] represents the final stages of the feeding process of figure 3, in one embodiment of the invention.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the invention, a bidirectional charging system 1 according to the invention, shown in Figure 1, is installed in an electric or hybrid vehicle. It allows the high-voltage battery 2 of the electric or hybrid vehicle to be recharged from an external charging station. The charging system 1 is bidirectional, meaning that it also allows external loads to be powered from the energy contained in the high-voltage battery 2.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional charging system 1 comprises a DC-DC converter 3 connected on one side to the high-voltage battery 2, and on the other side to a power electronics stage 4, capable of converting an alternating voltage into a direct voltage. The power electronics stage 4 comprises, on the one hand, DC-side terminals, capable of receiving or delivering a direct voltage, these DC-side terminals being connected to the DC-DC converter 3, and on the other hand, AC-side terminals, capable of receiving or delivering an alternating voltage.

[0072] The DC-DC converter 3 is capable of converting the DC voltage across the high-voltage battery 2 into another DC voltage across the DC side of the power electronics stage 4, and vice versa. This DC-DC converter 3 may, for example, provide galvanic isolation and / or act as a voltage step-up or step-down converter.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the power electronics stage 4 comprises a bidirectional three-phase rectifier, inductors, and a capacitor whose ends are connected to the DC terminals of the power electronics stage 4. The three-phase rectifier operates, of course, as a rectifier in high-voltage battery 2 charging mode and as an inverter in high-voltage battery 2 discharging mode. The power electronics stage 4 can also operate as a voltage booster, in this embodiment of the invention, in high-voltage battery 2 charging mode.

[0074] More specifically, the AC-side terminals of power electronics stage 4 have three power supply phase terminals, each power supply phase terminal being connected to one of the inductors, which is in turn connected to the midpoint of a rectifier switching arm, the two outputs of which are connected to the capacitor. The AC-side terminals of power electronics stage 4 also have a neutral phase terminal, here connected to the midpoint of one of the switching arms of the three-phase rectifier, because in this embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional load system 1 is used to supply single-phase electrical devices. Of course, the connection of this neutral phase terminal is reconfigurable depending on the type of power supplied by load system 1.

[0075] The AC-side terminals of the power electronics stage 4 are connected to an external load socket 8 and an internal load socket 12 via electrical conductors. Each AC-side terminal of the power electronics stage 4 is connected to a separate electrical conductor L1, L2, L2, N, the three electrical conductors L1, L1, L2 being supply phase conductors each connected to a separate supply phase terminal and the electrical conductor N being a neutral phase conductor, connected to the neutral phase terminal.

[0076] The electrical conductor Ll is connected to a connection 81, called external, of the external charging socket 8, via a first branch Ll 1 comprising a switch 61. The electrical conductor Ll is in fact divided into the first branch LU and a second branch L12 at the level of an electrical node located between the switch 61 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0077] Electrical conductor L2 is connected to an external connection 82 of the external charging socket 8 via a switch 62, and electrical conductor L3 is connected to an external connection 83 of the external charging socket 8 via a switch 63. Finally, electrical conductor N is connected to an external connection 84 of the external charging socket 8 via a first branch NI including a switch 64. Electrical conductor N splits into the first branch NI and a second branch N2 at an electrical node located between the switch 63 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0078] These switches 61, 62, 63, 64, connecting conductors L1, L2, L3, N directly or indirectly to the external charging socket 8, form a set of 6 primary switches. An adapter 9 is connected to the external charging socket 8 to allow the connection of an electrical device to this external charging socket 8, in single-phase. This adapter 9 has two connections: a first connection 91 connected to the external connection 81 of the external charging socket 8, and a second connection 92 connected to the external connection 84 of the charging socket 8.

[0079] Furthermore, a first electromagnetic compatibility filter 7 is interposed between the external charging socket 8 and the first set of switches 6, and a second electromagnetic compatibility filter 5 is interposed between the first set of switches 6 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0080] The electrical conductor L1 is also connected to a connection 121, called internal, of the internal charging socket 12, via the second branch L12 having a switch 101. Similarly, the electrical conductor N is also connected to another connection 122, called internal, of the internal charging socket 12, via the second branch N2 having a switch 102.

[0081] These switches 101, 102, which indirectly connect conductors L1 and N to the internal load socket 12, form a set 10 of second switches. A third electromagnetic compatibility filter 11 is interposed between the internal load socket 12 and the set 10 of second switches.

[0082] The load system 1 includes, on the one hand, a current sensor, capable of providing a measurement of the current I flowing on the electrical conductor N of phase to neutral, and on the other hand, a voltage sensor, capable of providing a measurement of the voltage U between the electrical conductor L1 of supply phase and the electrical conductor N of phase to neutral.

[0083] Although the charging system 1 is three-phase, it is therefore used here to allow one or two single-phase electrical devices to be powered, connected to the external charging socket 8 and the internal charging socket 12. Since the external connections 82, 83 are not used during such a power supply, the first switches 62 and 63 remain open throughout this power supply, while the first switches 61 and 64 connected to the external connections 81 and 82 close when an electrical device is connected to the external charging socket 8.

[0084] Figure 2 represents four states in which the charging system 1 is likely to be found, in discharge mode in the configuration of Figure 1:

[0085] In state S0, no electrical device is connected to the external charging sockets 8 or 12. Connecting the first electrical device to the adapter 9, i.e., to the external charging socket 8, changes the charging system 1 from state S0 to state SL

[0086] The charging system 1 switches from state SI to state S0 upon a disconnection tlO of the first electrical device from the external charging socket 8.

[0087] When charging system 1 is in state SI, connecting a second device tl2 to the internal charging socket 12 changes charging system 1 from state SI to state S2. Charging system 1 changes back from state S2 to state SI when the second electrical device is disconnected t21 from the internal charging socket 12. Alternatively, charging system 1 can change directly from state S2 to state S0 when the first device is disconnected from the external charging socket 8 and the second device from the internal charging socket 12 is simultaneously disconnected t20.

[0088] Similarly, when charging system 1 is in state S0, connecting the first electrical device (t03) to the internal charging socket 12 changes charging system 1 from state S0 to state S3. Charging system 1 changes back from state S3 to state S0 when the first electrical device is disconnected (t30) from the internal charging socket 12. When charging system 1 is in state S3, connecting the second device (t32) to the external charging socket 8 changes charging system 1 from state S3 to state S2. Charging system 1 changes back from state S2 to state S3 when the second electrical device is disconnected (t23) from the external charging socket 8.

[0089] A power supply method 100 according to the invention, for two single-phase electrical devices connected to the power supply system 1 of Figure 1, is now described in relation to Figures 3 and 4. An embodiment of the invention illustrates the transitions between different states shown in Figure 2. The power supply method 100 is implemented by the charging system 1, and in particular by a main vehicle control unit (CPU) forming part of the charging system 1. This CPU is connected via a computer bus, for example a CAN bus (Controller Area Network), to a control circuit for the first and second switch assemblies 6 and 10, and is capable of receiving measurements taken by the current sensor and the voltage sensor. The CPU is also connected via this computer bus to one or more control circuits for the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0090] The charging system 1 being initially in state S0, in which the first and second switch sets 6 and 10 are open, it is assumed here that a user connects a first electrical device t0l to the external charging socket 8. A first step 111 of the power supply process 100 is then, as illustrated on the left side of Figure 3, the detection of this connection t0l. This detection is carried out, for example, by the closing of a first detection circuit by the adapter 9, which is equipped with a microswitch. The closing of this first detection circuit triggers the sending of a first message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a single-phase connection to the external charging socket 8.

[0091] The reception of this first message triggers a second step 112 of the feeding process 100, which is the closing of the first switches 61 and 64, the first switches 62 and 63 remaining open, and the set 10 of the second switches also remaining open.

[0092] Following this second step 112, the computer activates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4 in a third step 113 of the power supply process 100, in high-voltage battery discharge mode 2, which allows the first electrical device to be powered in single-phase. This single-phase power supply to the first electrical device only corresponds to state SI of the load system 1.

[0093] It is further assumed here that a user connects a second electrical device (tl2) to the internal charging socket (12) while the charging system (1) is in state SI. A fourth step (114) of the power supply process (100) is then the detection of this connection (tl2). This detection is performed, for example, by the closing of a second detection circuit by the internal charging socket (12), which is equipped with a microswitch. The closing of this second detection circuit triggers the sending of a second message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a connection to the internal charging socket (12). Since this socket is single-phase, the second message does not include any indication of the power supply type supported by the second electrical device.

[0094] The reception of this second message triggers a fifth step 115 of the power supply process 100, which is the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured by the voltage sensor between electrical conductor L1 and electrical conductor N; in other words, the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured between the two power supply phases of the first electrical device. Alternatively, in this fifth step 115, the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I measured by the current sensor on electrical conductor L1 or on electrical conductor N.

[0095] This detection is immediately followed by a sixth step 116 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the second switches 101 and 102 at the detected zero voltage, within a few volts (for example, within 10 volts), the voltage U being at least one hundred volts, for example, 230V. In the variant where the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I, this detection is immediately followed by the closing of the second switches 101 and 102 at the moment this zero current is detected. At the end of this sixth step 116, the second electrical device is powered by the load system 1, which is therefore in state S2.

[0096] Returning to state SO, we now assume that in this state S0 of the charging system 1, a user connects a first electrical device t03 to the internal charging socket 12 and not to the external charging socket 8. As illustrated on the right side of Figure 3, a first step 121 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this connection t03, which is carried out similarly to the detection of the connection t12 described previously. This detection 121 triggers a second step 122 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the second switches 101 and 102, while the first set of switches 6 remains open. This closure 122 is followed by a third step 123 of activation of the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in high voltage battery discharge mode 2, which allows the first electrical device to be powered in single phase on the internal charging socket 12.This single-phase power supply to the first electrical device only corresponds to state S3 of load system 1.

[0097] Next, we assume that a user connects a second electrical device, t32, to the external charging socket 8, specifically to the adapter 9, while the charging system 1 is in state S3. A fourth step 124 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this connection t32, which is performed similarly to the detection of the connection t01. This detection 124 triggers a fifth step 125 of the power supply process 100, which is the detection of a zero crossing of the AC voltage U measured by the voltage sensor between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N; in other words, the detection of a zero crossing of the AC voltage U measured between the two power supply phases of the first electrical device. Alternatively, in this fifth step 125, the controller detects a zero crossing of the current I measured by the current sensor on the electrical conductor L1 or on the electrical conductor N.

[0098] This detection 125 is immediately followed by a sixth step 126 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the first switches 61 and 64 at the detected zero voltage, within a few volts (for example, within 10 volts), with the other first switches 62 and 63 remaining open. In the variant where the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I, this detection is immediately followed by the closing of the first switches 61 and 64 at the moment this zero current is detected.

[0099] At the end of this sixth step 126, the first and second electrical devices are powered by the load system 1, which is therefore in state S2.

[0100] Figure 4 now illustrates two possible sequences for disconnecting the two electrical devices, starting from state S2 of charging system 1.

[0101] It is assumed here that a user first disconnects t23 one of the two electrical devices that is connected to the external charging socket 8. A seventh step 131 of the power supply process 100 is then, as illustrated on the left side of Figure 4, the detection of this disconnection t23. This detection is carried out, for example, by the opening of the first detection circuit by the adapter 9, triggering the sending of a third message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a disconnection from the external charging socket 8 in single-phase.

[0102] Then an eighth step 132 of the feeding process 100 is the detection of a zero crossing of the voltage U measured between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, or alternatively of the current I measured on one of these two electrical conductors L1, N.

[0103] This eighth step 132 is immediately followed by a ninth step 133, which involves opening the first switches 61, 64 at zero voltage or current, or at zero voltage or a corresponding current variant. This opening occurs to within a few volts or milliamperes, for example, within 10V or 10 milliamperes. Following this ninth step 133, only the other of the two electrical devices is powered, via the internal charging socket 12; the charging system 1 is therefore in state S3.

[0104] It is now assumed that a user disconnects t30 this other of the two electrical devices, connected to the internal charging socket 12. A tenth step 134 of the supply process 100 is then the detection of this disconnection t30, for example carried out by the opening of the second detection circuit, triggering the sending of a fourth message to the vehicle computer, indicating a disconnection on the internal charging socket 12.

[0105] Upon receiving this fourth message, the computer deactivates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in an eleventh step 135 of the supply process 100, then opens the second switches 101, 102 in a twelfth step 136 of the supply process 100.

[0106] Conversely, starting from state S2 of the charging system 1, we now assume that a user first disconnects t21 one of the two electrical devices connected to the internal charging socket 12. A seventh step 141 of the power supply process 100 is then, as illustrated on the right side of Figure 4, the detection of this disconnection t21. This detection is carried out, for example, by opening the second detection circuit, triggering the sending of a message to the vehicle's computer, identical to the fourth message mentioned above, indicating a disconnection from the internal charging socket 12.

[0107] Then an eighth step 142 of the feeding process 100 is the detection of a zero crossing of the voltage U measured between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, or alternatively of the current I measured on one of these two electrical conductors L1, N.

[0108] This eighth step 142 is immediately followed by a ninth step 143, which opens the second switches 101, 102, at zero voltage or current, or at the detected zero voltage or current variant. Following this ninth step 143, only the other of the two electrical devices is powered, via the external charging socket 8; the charging system 1 is therefore then in state SI.

[0109] We now assume that a user disconnects tlO this other of the two electrical devices, connected to the external charging socket 8. A tenth step 144 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this disconnection tlO, for example carried out by the opening of the first detection circuit, triggering the sending of a message to the vehicle computer, identical to the third message mentioned above, indicating a disconnection on the external charging socket 8.

[0110] Upon receiving this message, the computer deactivates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in an eleventh step 145 of the power supply process 100, and then opens the first switches 61, 64 in a twelfth step 146 of the power supply process 100.

[0111] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. CLAIMS 1- Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by a bidirectional charging system (1) of a high-voltage battery (2) of the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system (1) being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket (8) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as external connections (81, 84), - an internal charging socket (12) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as internal connections (121, 122), - at least two electrical conductors (L1, N) connecting said charging sockets (8, 12) to a power electronics stage (4), and - the power electronics stage (4), which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery (2) and supplying an alternating voltage (U) between the two electrical conductors (L1, N), each of the two electrical conductors (L1, N) splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch (LU, NI) comprising a first switch (61, 64) and connected to a separate external connection (81, 84) from the external charging socket (8), and on the other hand, a second branch (L12, N2) comprising a second switch (101, 102) and connected to a separate internal connection (121, 122) from the internal charging socket (12), the power supply method (100) comprising, in the following order, the steps of: - detection (111, 121) of a connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket (12), the first and second switches (61, 64, 101, 102) being open, - closing (112, 122) of the first switches (61, 64) or respectively of the second switches (101, 102), - activation (113, 123) of the power electronics stage (4) and powering of the first electrical device, the power supply method (100) being characterized in that it further comprises the steps of: - detection (114, 124) of a connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or respectively to the external charging socket (8), - detection (115, 125) of the zero crossing of the alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (L1, N) or of the current (I) flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors (Ll, N), - closing (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64) to zero voltage or current, and powering the second electrical device. 2- Method for supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: - detection (131, 141) of a disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices, - detection (132, 142) of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (Ll, N) or of the current (I) flowing through at least one of the electrical conductors (Ll, N), - opening (133, 143) to zero voltage or current of the first switches (61, 64) or the second switches (101, 102) corresponding to the external (8) or internal (12) charging socket on which the disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices was detected. 3- Method for supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: - detection (134, 144) of a disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device, - deactivation (135, 145) of the power electronics stage (4), - opening (136, 146) of the first switches (61, 64) or of the second switches (101, 102) corresponding to the external (8) or respectively internal (12) charging socket on which the disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device was detected. 4- Method of powering (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: - among the external connections (81, 84), only one external phase connection (81) and one external neutral connection (84) are made accessible to a user, - among the internal connections (121, 122), only one internal phase connection (121) and one internal neutral connection (122) are made accessible to a user, and in which: - the closing step (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at zero voltage or current, and supply of the second electrical device, includes the simultaneous closing of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at zero voltage or current previously detected. 5- Method of powering (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: - External connections include three external phase connections and one external neutral connection. - Internal connections include three internal phase connections and one internal neutral connection, - the electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3, N) comprise three phase electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3) and one neutral electrical conductor (N), - the power electronics stage (4) is capable of supplying an alternating voltage between each of the three phase electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral electrical conductor (N), each of the electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch comprising a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external load socket (8), and on the other hand, a second branch comprising a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal load socket, and wherein: - during the detection step (111, 121) of the connection of the first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket, with the first and second switches open, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the first electrical device, - the closing step (112, 122) of the first switches or respectively of the second switches, before activation of the power electronics stage (4), includes the closing of all the first switches or respectively of all the second switches, - during the detection step (114, 124) of the connection of the second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket (8), a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the second electrical device, - the zero-crossing detection step (115, 125), before the closing step (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at zero voltage or current, includes the detection of the zero crossing of each alternating voltage applied between each phase electrical conductor (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral electrical conductor (N), or of each current flowing through each phase conductor, and - the closing step (116, 126) of the second switches or respectively of the first switches, at zero voltage or current, and of supplying the second electrical device, includes the successive closings of each second switch or respectively of each first switch of the phase conductors, at each corresponding zero voltage or current detection. 6- Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the internal or external charging socket (8) has a push button capable of closing a detection circuit, and wherein the detection step (111) of a connection to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket (8) uses an adapter (9) capable of cooperating with the push button, the adapter (9) being configured to electrically connect the internal or respectively external charging socket (8) to one of the first or second electrical devices. 7- Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the adapter (9) only allows one type of single-phase or three-phase supply, and wherein the detection step (111) of a connection to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket (8) includes the determination of the type of single-phase or three-phase supply allowed by the adapter (9). 8- Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the detection step (111, 121) of the connection of the first or second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or to the external charging socket (8) is carried out by the activation of a user command on a human-machine interface connected by wired or wireless communication with a communication module of the vehicle, the user command specifying the type of single-phase or three-phase supply for the first or respectively the second electrical device. 9- Bidirectional charging system (1) for a high-voltage battery (2) of an electric or hybrid vehicle, capable of powering electrical devices connected to the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system (1) being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket (8) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as external connections (81, 84), - an internal charging socket (12) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as internal connections (121, 122), - at least two electrical conductors (L1, N) connecting said charging sockets (8, 12) to a power electronics stage (4), and - the power electronics stage (4), which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery (2) and supplying an alternating voltage (U) between the two electrical conductors (L1, N), each of the two electrical conductors (L1, N) splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch (LU, NI) comprising a first switch (61, 64) and connected to an external connection (81, 84) separate from the external charging socket (8), and on the other hand, a second branch (L12, N2) comprising a second switch (101, 102) and connected to an internal connection separate (121, 122) from the internal charging socket (12), the bidirectional charging system (1) comprising: - means for detecting the connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket (12), when the first and second switches (61, 64, 101, 102) are open, - means for closing the first switches (61, 64) or respectively the second switches (101, 102), capable of being activated by the means for detecting the connection of the first electrical appliance, - means for activating the power electronics stage (4) and supplying power to the first electrical device, when the first switches (61, 64) or respectively the second switches (101, 102) are closed, the bidirectional load system (1) being characterized in that it further comprises: - means for detecting the connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or respectively to the external charging socket (8), when the power electronics stage (4) is supplying the first electrical device, - means for detecting the zero crossing of an alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (L1, N) or of the current (I) flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors (L1, N), when the power electronics stage (4) is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected, - means for closing the second switches (101, 102) or respectively the first switches (61, 64) at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, capable of using the means for detecting the zero crossing, when the power electronics stage (4) is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected. 10- Electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a bidirectional charging system (1) according to claim 9.

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