Handover method, handover apparatus and handover system
The handover method and apparatus provide a solution for maintaining continuous sensing by facilitating seamless transfer of sensing operations between nodes, ensuring uninterrupted data collection through handover signals and configuration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing sensing technologies face challenges in maintaining a continuous sensing procedure, particularly in environments where uninterrupted data collection is required.
A handover method and apparatus are introduced to facilitate seamless transfer of sensing operations between sensing nodes, utilizing handover signals to ensure continuous sensing by configuring relevant nodes and objects for uninterrupted data collection.
The method ensures uninterrupted and reliable sensing by enabling seamless handover of sensing operations, enhancing the continuity and reliability of data collection processes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025080687_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDOVER METHOD, HANDOVER APPARATUS AND HANDOVER SYSTEM
[0001] The present application claims priority to US patent application No. 63 / 735,177, entitled "Method, Apparatus and System for Target Handover in Sensing Agent Networks" , filed on December 17, 2024 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a handover method, handover apparatusandahandover system.BACKGROUND
[0003] Sensing technology has found extensive applications in a multitude of fields, ranging from automotive to environmental monitoring and smart cities. In a sensing system, sensing nodes maybe capable of perceiving and gatheringvarious sensingdata in the surrounding environment. The sensing data can be used to help make some important decisions. Forexample, location information of the sensing data can be used to draw maps, determine resource allocation, etc. Theseservices may require uninterrupted sensing data.
[0004] Therefore, how to obtainacontinuous sensing procedure is an urgent technical problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a handover method, handover apparatus anda handover system, which provides acontinuous sensing procedure.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a sensing nodeside, for example, a sensing node or a module in a sensing node, a circuit or a chip. For example, the method is applied to a second sensing node. The method includes: a second sensing node receives a handover signal used for a handover of at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to the second sensing node; andthe second sensing node processessensing on the at least one sensing object based on the handover signal.
[0007] According to the above technical solution, a handoverprocedure of sensing is provided. A second sensing node could perform sensing on the at least one sensing object based on the received handover signal, allowing a seamlesscontinuation of the sensingprocedure.
[0008] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a sensing node side, for example, a sensing node or a module in a sensing node, a circuit or a chip. For example, the method is applied to a first sensing node. The method includes: a first sensing node processes sensing on at least one sensing object; and the first sensing node transmits a first handover signal used for a handover of the at least one sensing object from the first sensing node to the second sensing node.
[0009] According to the above technical solution, a handoverprocedure of sensing is provided. A first sensing nodemay transmit a first handover signal when a handover isto be performed. The handover signal allows the seamlesscontinuation of the sensingprocedure.
[0010] According to a third aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a controller nodeside, for example, a controller node (e.g., a terminal or network node) or a module in a controller node, a circuit or a chip. For example, the method is applied to a controller node. The method includes: a controller nodereceives a first handover signal from a first sensing node; and the controller node transmits a second handover signal based on the first handover signal to asecond sensing node, where the second handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from the first sensing node to the second sensing node.
[0011] According to the above technical solution, a handoverprocedure of sensing is provided. A controller node may determinethat a handover isto be performedbased on a first handoversignal from the first sensing node, and transmit a second handover signal to the second sensing node so that the second sensing node could take over of the sensing, allowing a seamlesscontinuation of sensingprocedure.
[0012] According to a fourth aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at sensing objectside, for example, at least one sensing object or an apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object. For example, the method is applied to an apparatus. The method includes: an apparatus performs sensing with a first sensing node; the apparatus receives a handover signal, where the handover signal indicates a handover of a sensing object corresponding to the apparatusfrom the first sensing node to a second sensing node; and the apparatus performs sensing with the second sensing node based on the handover signal.
[0013] According to the above technical solution, a handoverprocedure of sensing is provided. Theat least one sensing object can be sensed by the first sensing node and the second sensing node successively, allowing a seamlesscontinuation ofthe sensingprocedure.
[0014] According to a fifth aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at a configuration nodeside, for example, a configuration node (e.g., a terminal or network node) or a module in a configuration node, a circuit or a chip. For example, the method is applied to a configurationnode. The method includes: a configuration node generates configuration information, where the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with a handover signal, and the handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node; andthe configuration node transmits the configurationinformation.
[0015] According to the above technical solution, a handoverprocedure of sensing is provided. Relevant nodes (e.g., the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the controller node, the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, etc. ) can be configured by the configuration information. Thus, the relevant nodes may perform the handover procedure based on the configuration information, allowing a seamlesscontinuation of sensingprocedure.
[0016] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, the handover signal (or first handover signal, second handover signal) carries one or more of: information that indicates the at least one sensing object; information that indicates an identifier of the first sensing node; information that indicates an identifier of the second sensing node; sensing data from the first sensing node; information that indicates a first configuration parameter set used for performing sensing on the at least one sensing object; a request for the handover; and a request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.
[0017] According to the above technical solution, the handover signal may carry various information related to at least one sensing object, the first sensing node, sensing processing by the second sensing node, etc. Thus, the second sensing node can reliably take over the sensing on at least one sensing object without interruption.
[0018] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, the sensing data from the first sensing node indicates one or more of: a location of the at least one sensing object obtained by the first sensing node, velocity of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, direction of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, and configurations used for performing sensing on the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node.
[0019] According to the above technical solution, thesensing data sensed by the first sensing nodemay be used tohelp the second sensing nodeperform the sensing, or help the controller node transmit a handover signal. The continuity and reliability of continuous sensing can be enhanced.
[0020] According to any one of the first aspector fourth aspect, in a possible design, the handover signal is received from the first sensing node or a controller node.
[0021] According to the second aspect, the first handover signal is transmitted to the second sensing node or a controller node, wherein the controller node is used for controlling the handover.
[0022] According to the above technical solution, the first sensing node may indicate the second sensing node the handover directly, or a controller node may be used to indicate the second sensing node the handover. Various handover procedures are provided.
[0023] According to any one of the first aspector second aspect, in a possible design, thefirst sensing node or the second sensing node performing sensing on theat least one sensing objectincludes: the first sensing node or the second sensing nodetransmit a sensing signal to performsensing on the at least one sensing object.
[0024] According to the above technical solution, the first sensing node or the secondsensing node may use a sensing signal to perform sensing.
[0025] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, the handover signal (or first handoversignal) carries information that indicates a first configurationparameter set used forperforming sensing on the at least one sensing object, and the first configuration parameter set is associated with the sensing signal.
[0026] According to the above technical solution, the first configuration parameter set may be related to the typeof sensing procedure performed by the second sensing node. Thus, the second sensing node could reliably perform sensing on the at least one sensing object.
[0027] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the controller node or the apparatus receives configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a second configuration parameter setassociated with the handover signal.
[0028] According to the above technical solution, relevant nodes (e.g., the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the controller node, the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, etc. ) can be configured by the configuration information. Thus, the relevant nodes may perform the handover procedure based on the configuration information, allowing a seamlesscontinuation of sensingprocedure.
[0029] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, thesecond configuration parameter set comprises one or more of: a time resource associated with the handover signal, a frequency resource associated with the handover signal, and a type of the handover signal.
[0030] According to the above technical solution, relevant nodes (e.g., the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the controller node, the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, etc. ) couldreceive (interpret) the handover signal based on the secondconfiguration parameter setreliably.
[0031] According to any one of the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, the handover signal is based on a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal.
[0032] According to any one of the first aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or fifth aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the second sensing node, the controller node or the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object transmits a feedback corresponding to the received handover signal
[0033] According to any one of the second aspector third aspect, the method further includes: the first sensing node or the controller node receives a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.
[0034] According to any one of the second aspect, third aspect, or fourth aspect, the method further includes: the second sensing node, the controller nodeor the apparatustransmits a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.
[0035] According to the above technical solution, the transmitter of the handover signal could confirm whether the receiver receives (interprets) the handover signalsuccessfully, makingthe sensing procedure more reliable.
[0036] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the first sensing node transmit a second handover signalto at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the handover signal indicates the handover.
[0037] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the controller nodetransmits a third handover signalto at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the third handover signal is used for indicating the handover.
[0038] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the controller nodereceives first configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the first handover signal, the second handover signal, and / or a third handover signal.
[0039] According to the above technical solution, the controller node can be configured by the configuration information (e.g., froma configuration node) .
[0040] According to the third aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the controller nodetransmits second configuration information to the first sensing node, wherein the second configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the first handover signal; and / or transmitting third configuration information to the second sensing node, wherein the third configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the second handover signal; and / ortransmitting fourth configuration information to at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the fourth configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with a third handover signal.
[0041] According to the above technical solution, the controller node may be used to configure the relevant nodes.
[0042] According to a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0043] According to a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0044] According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0045] According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0046] According to a tenth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fifth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fifth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0047] According to aneleventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspector the second aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect or the secondaspect.
[0048] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0049] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0050] The communication apparatus may be a sensing node (e.g., the first sensing node or the second sensing node) , a module in a sensing node, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a sensing node.
[0051] According to a twelfthaspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the third aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of thethird aspect.
[0052] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0053] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0054] The communication apparatus may be a controller node, a module in a sensing node, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a controller node.
[0055] According to a thirteenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0056] In some implementations, the communication system further includes a thirdapparatus, the third apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the third aspect.
[0057] In some implementations, the communication system further includes a fourthapparatus, the third apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0058] In some implementations, the communication system further includes a fifthapparatus, the third apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fifth aspect.
[0059] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, or the fifth aspect.
[0060] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, or the fifth aspect.
[0061] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0062] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0063] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0064] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100;
[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station;
[0067] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device;
[0068] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410;
[0069] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a handover scenario according to some implementations of this application;
[0070] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of a handover scenario according to some implementations of this application;
[0071] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to some implementations of this application;
[0072] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the second sensing node receiving a handover signal from the first sensing node according to some implementations of this application;
[0073] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the second sensing node receiving a handover signal from a controller node according to some implementations of this application;
[0074] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the at least one sensing object receiving a handover signal from the first sensing node according to some implementations of this application;
[0075] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of apparatus#1 corresponding to the at least one sensing object receiving a handover signal from the controller node according to some implementations of this application;
[0076] FIG. 13 illustrates afirst example of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application;
[0077] FIG. 14 illustrates asecondexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application;
[0078] FIG. 15 illustrates athirdexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application;
[0079] FIG. 16 illustrates afourthexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application;
[0080] FIG. 17 illustrates an example LFM signal representation in the time-frequency domain;
[0081] FIG. 18 illustrates a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal as a first example;
[0082] FIG. 19 illustrates a triangular waveform signal as a second example;
[0083] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an LFM-based signal in a general format;
[0084] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a discrete LFM sequence;
[0085] FIG. 22 illustrates a general type of discrete triangular waveform;
[0086] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a discrete triangular waveform in the first special case;
[0087] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform;
[0088] FIG. 25 illustrates an LFSR with a plurality of shift registers 802-1 to 802-L, a feedback logic 804 and a clock 806;
[0089] FIG. 26 illustrates example multi-carrier amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveforms;
[0090] FIG. 27 illustrates Option OOK-2, which can include Parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain;
[0091] FIG. 28 illustrates Option OOK-3 -Multi-tone single-bit OOK;
[0092] FIG. 29 illustrates Option OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain
[0093] FIG. 30 illustrates example multi-carrier frequency shift keying (MC-FSK) waveforms
[0094] FIG. 31 illustrates a combination of ASK and FSK;
[0095] FIG. 32 illustrates an example wherein handover signal is an LFM-based signal;
[0096] FIG. 33 illustrates the charts wherein an LFM-based signal is generated in the RF analog domain;
[0097] FIG. 34 illustrates an example ofsignal generating procedure;
[0098] FIG. 35 illustrates an example of signal processing procedure;
[0099] FIG. 36 illustrates an example for the receiver of an LFM-based signal;
[0100] FIG. 37 illustrates another example for the receiver of an LFM-based signal; and
[0101] FIG. 38 illustrates another example for the receiver of a signal generated based on a sequence.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0102] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0103] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a , 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0104] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0105] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0106] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0107] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0108] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0109] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0110] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0111] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0112] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0113] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0114] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0115] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0116] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0117] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0118] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0119] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0120] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0121] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0122] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0123] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e, g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0124] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0125] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0126] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for faciltating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0127] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0128] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0129] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0130] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0131] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0132] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0133] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0134] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0135] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0136] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0137] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0138] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0139] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0140] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0141] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included witin the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0142] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present diclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0143] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0144] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0145] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0146] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0147] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0148] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0149] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0150] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0151] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0152] Notably, a handover method provided in this disclosure can be applied to any of the above systems and performed by any of the above apparatus. Before introducing the handover method, possible handover scenarios are introduced below.
[0153] User Equipment (UE) position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may include, but are not limited to, capacity, agility, and efficiency. The improvement may be achieved when elements of the network exploit the position, the behavior, the mobility pattern, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0154] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including its location in a global coordinate system, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. “Location” may also be referred to as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of well-known sensing systems include, but are not limited to, RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system can be separate from the communication system, it could be advantageous to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency, or spatial resources needed to achieve both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and open problem. The difficulty of the problem relates to factors such as, but not limited to, the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0155] Various types of sensing are anticipated to be parts of future generation wireless systems. Sensing can not only help to improve the quality of other services such as data communication, but can also be defined as a separate service itself in future generation wireless systems.
[0156] Aspects of the present disclosure define a network of sensing nodes, referred to as sensing agents (SAs) or sensing nodes (SeNs) in the present disclosure, for future generation wireless systems. Sensing nodes are capable of performing various types of sensing operations such as, but not limited to, mono-static sensing, bi-static sensing, and multi-static sensing. Furthermore, the SeNs may have limited communication capabilities enabling them to communicate with the network nodes such as TRPs as well as other SAs.
[0157] The sensing network may include a large number of SeNs. However, the coverage area (also known as coverage region) of a SeNs typically not large. Consequently, a mobile target which is being sensed by a SeN may exit the coverage of that SeN. Therefore, there may be a need for the serving SeN to handover the target to another SeN (e.g. a neighboring SeN) to be able to sense the mobile target continuously without interruption.
[0158] In some implementations, handover procedure may be target-specific wherein only one or multiple specific targets are handed over by one SeN to another SeN. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of such a scenario.
[0159] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a handover scenario according to some implementations of this application. When a sensing objectwhich is sensed by SeN 1 moves to the edge ofcoverage area of the SeN 1, a handover procedureof the sensing object (illustrated as a target to be handed over) from the SeN 1 to SeN 2 could be trigged. The SeN 2 could sense the sensing object continuously.
[0160] In some implementations, handover procedure may be area-specific wherein all targets within a specific area are handed over by one SeN to another SeN. FIG. 7 below illustrates an example of such a scenario.
[0161] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of a handover scenario according to some implementations of this application. A set of sensing objectsmay be handed over from SeN 1 to SeN 2 by a handover procedure. In some implementations, the set of sensing objects may include at least one sensing object located in a certain area (e.g., an edge area of the coverage area) . In some other implementations, the set of sensing objects may include at least one sensing object with a certain feature (e.g., mobile type sensing object) . While the present disclosure illustrates some examples of sensing objects, these examples are not intended to be limiting.
[0162] Notably, as aforementioned, the handover procedure may be triggered by at least one moving sensing object. This application does not exclude other scenarios that may trigger a handover procedure. For example, when a SeN is to be in a sleeping modeor turned off, a handover procedure may be triggered; or whena coverage area of a SeN changes, a handover procedure may be triggered; etc.
[0163] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to target handover procedure and signaling for mobile targets to be sensed by sensing nodes without interruption.
[0164] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to some implementations of this application.
[0165] At step 810, afirst sensing node performs sensing onat least one sensing object.
[0166] The first sensing node may be anoriginal sensing node (e.g., SeN 1 illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) that performs sensing on the at least one sensing object before handover.
[0167] The first sensing node may perform sensingon the at least one sensing object ina variety of ways. The first sensing node may use radiofrequency (RF) signalstoobtain a sensing result (e.g., object shape, size, speed, location, trajectory, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation, etc. ) .
[0168] In a firstimplementation, the first sensing node may transmit a sensing signal, the sensing signal is reflected by at least one sensing object (passiveor active) , and the first sensing node collects the reflected signalsto obtain a sensing result. This is known as anexample ofa mono-static sensing procedure.
[0169] In a second implementation, the first sensing node may transmit a sensing signal, the sensing signal is reflected by at least one sensing object (passive or active) , and one or more other sensing nodes collect the reflected sensing signal to obtain a sensing result. This is known as an exampleof a bi-static or multi-static sensing procedure.
[0170] In a third implementation, a node, apparatus, or module transmits a sensing signal, the sensing signal is reflected by at least one sensing object (passive or active) , and the first sensing node collects (receives) the sensing signal to obtaina sensing result. This is known as another example of a bi-static or multi-static sensing procedure.
[0171] Notably, the type of sensing procedure is related to the capability of the sensing node and application scenario. The mono-static sensing procedure is taken as an example below.
[0172] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for a sensing signal include, but are not limited to, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , Cyclic Prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0173] The at least one sensing object may be of various types. For example, theat least sensing object may be a passive object, an apparatus with receiving and / or transmitting function (e.g., various end-user or terminal devices described above) , or a combination thereof.
[0174] In some implementations, the at least one sensing object may be associated / assigned with an identifier. For example, each of the at least one sensing object may be associated / assigned with an identifier (ID) . For another example, a set of the at least one sensing object may be associated / assigned with an identifier. Notably, in some implementations, the terms “identifier” , “index” and “label” may be used interchangeably. Notably, the at least one sensing object may be a target of sensing handover, in some implementations, the terms “sensing object” and “target” may be used interchangeably.
[0175] At step 820, asecond sensing node receives a handover signal.
[0176] The second sensing node may be atarget sensing node (e.g., SeN 2 illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) that performs sensing on the at least one sensing object after handover.
[0177] As aforementioned, various events may trigger the handover procedure, for example, moving sensing target, changes on the first sensing node, and etc.
[0178] The second sensing node may receive the handover signal in a variety of cases.
[0179] In some cases, the first sensing node determines the handoverand transmits a handover signal to the second sensing node. For example, the first sensing node processes the sensing result and determines that the at least one sensingobject will leave the coverage area of the first sensing node and enter the coverage area of the second sensing node. These cases will beillustrated in detail in conjunction with FIGs. 9, 11, 13 and 14.
[0180] In some other cases, the first sensing node determines the handover and transmits a handover signal#1 to a controller node, and the controller node transmits a handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. These cases will be illustrated in detail in conjunction with FIGs. 10, 12, 15 and 16.
[0181] The controller node may be a node responsible for managing sensing nodes (e.g., including the first sensing node and the second sensing node) . For example, the controller node may be a TRP, a BS, a network node, a UE, etc. The controller node may be known by different names.
[0182] Notably, although not illustrated, in some cases, a node (e.g., the controller node or a node who collects the sensing result) may determine the handover and transmit the handoversignalto the second sensing node. For example, the node processes the sensing result sensed by the first sensing node, and determines that the at least one sensing object willleave the coverage area of the first sensing node and enter the coverage area of the second sensing node.
[0183] In some implementations, the first sensing node or the controller node may select the second sensing node among multiple sensing nodes. For example, the first sensing nodeor the controller nodemay determine the second sensing node based on the trajectory of the at least sensing object. For another example, the first sensing nodeor the controller node may determine the second sensing node based on the capability ofeach sensing node.
[0184] The handover signal may carry various information related to at least one sensing object, the first sensing node, sensing processing by the second sensing node, and etc. Thus, the second sensing node can take over the sensing on at least one sensing object without interruption.
[0185] In some implementations, the handover signal may carry one or more of: information that indicates the at least one sensing object (referred to as sensing object information hereinafter) , information that indicates an identifier of the first sensing node, information that indicates an identifier of the second sensing node, sensing data from the first sensing node, information that indicates a first configuration parameter set used for performing sensing on the at least one sensing object, a request for the handover, and a request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.
[0186] For example, the sensing object information indicates one or more of: an identifier of each of the at least one sensing object, an identifier of a set of the at least one sensing objectanda typeof the at least one sensing object.
[0187] Thus, the second sensing node could identify thetarget sensing object based on the sensing object information.
[0188] For example, the first sensing nodeand / or second sensing node may be assigned / associated with an identifier. The handover signal may carry the identifiers of sensing nodes involved in the handover. In some instances, the handover signal may indicate that the first sensing node is the source sensing node and / or indicate that the second sensing node is the target sensing node. Thus, the secondsensing node can take overthe sensing task of the target reliably.
[0189] For example, the sensing datafrom the first sensing node may indicate one or more of: a location of the at least one sensing object obtained by the first sensing node, velocity of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, direction of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, at leastone sensing attribute, and configurations used for performing sensingon the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node.
[0190] Notably, thelocation, velocityof movementanddirection of movement (or trajectory) may be collectively referred to as sensing attributes. The sensing attributes are related to application scenario. In some instances, thesensing attributes may further include one or more of: shape, color, temperature, humidity, etc. Thesesensing attributes sensed by the first sensing nodemay be used tohelp the second sensing nodeperform the sensing. The continuity and reliability of continuous sensing can be enhanced.
[0191] For the configurations used for performing sensing on the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node, in some instances, the configurations may include one or more ofa type of the sensing procedureand resources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, etc. ) used for sensing. For example, as aforementioned in step 810, thefirst sensing node may transmit a sensing signal to perform sensing (i.e., mono-static sensing procedure) , the configurations may indicate the time resources and / or frequency resources associated with the sensing signal.
[0192] Still referring to the handover signal, the handover signal may carry information that indicates a first configuration parameter set used for performing the sensing. The first configuration parameter set may be related to the typeof the sensing procedure performed by the second sensing node. In some instances, the second sensing node may be indicated, configured or predefined toperform sensing with a mono-static sensingprocedure. In other words, the second sensing nodemaytransmit a sensing signal to perform sensing on the at least one sensing object. The first configuration parameter may indicatetime resources and / or frequency resources used for transmitting the sensing signal.
[0193] When the handover signal carries a request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal. Thus, the second sensing node may transmit a feedback in response to the handover signal. The feedback may indicate whether the handover signal is received successfully.
[0194] Notably, all or part of the above information, sensing dataand parameters may be carried in the handover signal. In some implementations, part of the above information, sensing dataand parametersmaybe pre-definedor pre-configured. For example, the handover signal may be a trigger signal, and the second sensing node may perform sensing within its coverage area upon received the handover signal. For another example, asensing task may be pre-defined or pre-configured, a parameter set (e.g., the sensing object, sensing procedure type, sensing configurations, etc. ) associated with the sensing task may be also pre-defined or preconfigured. The handover signal may carry an identifier of the sensing task, and the second sensing node may obtain the parameter set to perform sensing based on the identifier of the sensing task.
[0195] Notably, all or part of the above information, sensing data and parameters may be indicated by a code, table, function, text, string or a combination thereof. An example of a table is illustrated in Table 1.
[0196] Below table illustrates an example of the information which may be included in the handover signal.
[0197] Table 1:
[0198] In some implementations, the required information may be embedded into the parameters of the handover signal. In some implementations, there may be a set of pre-defined handover messages each of which corresponds to a specific signal with a specific parameter set. In such cases, the transmitter of the handover signal may select and send the signal corresponding to the message it wants to send.
[0199] In some implementations, the transmitter of the handover signal embeds into the handover signal indications of the time-frequency resources used for sensing. Upon reception, the intended receiver of the handover signal obtains the indications of time-frequency resources used and use those resources to sense the target.
[0200] The handover signal may beof various types. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the type of the signals used for the handover and feedback signals. Various types of signals may be used such as, but not limited to, LFM-based signals, sequence-based signals, and OFDM-based signals.
[0201] In some implementations, the handover signal can be an LFM signal or an LFM-based signal. The terms “linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal” and “chirp signal” can be used interchangeably in the present disclosure. An LFM signal is a signal whose frequency is a linear function of time with a slope that is called LFM rate (also known as chirp rate) .
[0202] More details of the LMF signal will be given in conjunction with FIGs. 17-24.
[0203] At step 830, the second sensing node performs sensing on the at least one sensing object.
[0204] Thesecond sensing node may perform sensingon the at least one sensing object ina variety of way, for example, mono-static sensing procedure, bi-static sensing procedure, multi-static sensing procedure, etc. Detailed description canbe referred to description in step 810.
[0205] According to the above handover method, a handover procedure is provided in sensing system. A second sensing node may timely take over the sensing from a first sensing node based on a handover signal, to make the sensing not interrupted. This contributes to a reliable sensing system.
[0206] Notably, the symbol “#” with number (e.g., #1, #2, etc. ) illustrated in each of FIGs. 9-16 is only named for differentiation and do not limit the scope of protection of the implementations of this application.
[0207] As aforementionedin step 820, the second sensing node may receive the handover signal in a variety of cases. Twoof cases are illustrated in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.
[0208] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the second sensing node receiving a handover signal from the first sensing node according to some implementations of this application.
[0209] At step 901, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0210] At step 902, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0211] The sensing signal#1 may be reflected by at least one sensing object. The first sensing node may collect the reflected sensing signal#1 to perform sensing processing#1.
[0212] Notably, in some implementations, apparatus (with a receivingfunction) corresponding to the at least one sensing object may receive the sensing signal#1.
[0213] The step 901 and 902 are combined to exemplary step 810. An example of a mono-static sensing procedure is illustrated in FIG. 9 and not as a special limitation. More details can be referred to step 810.
[0214] At step 903, the first sensing node transmits a handover signalto the second sensing node.
[0215] Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives the handover signal from the first sensing node.
[0216] For example, the first sensingnode may determine to handover and transmit the handover signal tothe second sensing node. Notably, the first sensing node may select the second sensing node among multiple sensing nodes based on its sensing data. The handover signal may carry part or all of the information described in step 820. For example, handover signal#1 may carry one or more of: sensing object information, firstsensing node identifier, second sensing node identifier, sensing data, configurations for performing the sensing, etc. Details can be referred tostep 820.
[0217] Optionally, at step 904, the second sensing node transmits a feedback to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives the feedback from the second sensing node.
[0218] In some implementations, the feedback may indicate whether the handover signal is successfully received. Notably, the terms “feedback” and “feedback signal” may be used interchangeably. In some implementations, the feedback may indicate one of more of: the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the at least one sensing object, and the configurations used for performing sensing. The first sensing node could confirm whether the second sensing node takes over the sensingsuccessfully, makingthe sensing procedure more reliable.
[0219] For example, the feedback signal may include: (1) indications of an identity of the transmitter of the signal (e.g., thefirst sensing node) , (2) indications of an identity of the intended receiver of the signal (e.g., the second sensing node) , (3) indications of an identity of the target or targets (e.g., the at least one sensing object) , (4) indications of an identity of the area to be handed over, (5) time-frequency resources to be used for sensing, (6) indications of acknowledgement of the reception of the handover signal.
[0220] At step 905, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0221] At step 906, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0222] The sensing signal#2 may be reflected by at least one sensing object. The second sensing node may collect the reflected sensing signal#2 to perform sensing processing#2.
[0223] Notably, in some implementations, apparatus (with a receivingfunction) corresponding to the at least one sensing object may receive the sensing signal#2.
[0224] The step 905 and 906 are combined to exemplary step 830. An example of a mono-static sensing procedure is illustrated in FIG. 9 and not as a special limitation. More details can be referred to step 830.
[0225] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a direct handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target directly to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal are pre-defined (pre-configured) for SeNs and the target is not aware of the handover. Such a target may be referred to as transparent target or oblivious target in this context. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by sensing node 1 (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 9 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area ofthe firstsensing node 1. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal based on handover signal configuration and transmits it tothe second sensing node. Generating handover signal may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node 2 receives the handover signal and processes it based on the handover signal configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. Subsequently and if the second sensing node determines that the handover signal is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends the second sensing signal according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent tothe second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 9 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0226] As aforementioned in step 820, the second sensing node may receivethe handover signal from a controller node.
[0227] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the second sensing node receiving a handover signal from a controller node according to some implementations of this application.
[0228] At step 1001, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1 to at least one sensing object.
[0229] At step 1002, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0230] Details of step 1001 and step 1002 can be referred to step 901, step 902 and step 810 and omitted here.
[0231] At step 1003, the first sensing node transmitshandover signal#1to a controller node.
[0232] Correspondingly, the controller node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0233] The first sensing node may determine to handover and transmit handover signal#1 to the controller node. Handoversignal#1 may indicate that the at least one sensing object needs a handover. In some implementations, handover signal#1 may carry part or all of the information described in step 820. For example, handover signal#1 may carry one or more of: sensing object information, firstsensing node identifier, second sensing node identifier, sensing data, configurations for performing the sensing, etc. Notably, when handover signal#1 does not carry an identifier of a second sensing node, the controller node may determine the second sensing node to perform the sensing. More detailed descriptioncan be referred to step 820. Notably, in some implementations, handover signal may carry information that indicates the controller node (e.g., identifier of the controller node) .
[0234] Optionally, at step 1004, the controller node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the controller node.
[0235] Feedback#1 may indicate whether handover signal#1 is successfully received. Detailed description of feedback#1 may be referred to description in step 904. Notably, in some implementations, feedback#1 may carry information that indicates the controller node (e.g., identifier of the controller node) .
[0236] At step 1005, the controller node transmits handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receiveshandover signal#2 from the controller node.
[0237] The controller node may directly forward handover signal#1 to the second sensing node as handover signal#2; or process handover signal#1 to generate handoversignal#2 and transmit handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. Handover signal#2 may carry part or all of the information described in step 820. The information carried in handover signal may be from handover signal#1, or embedded by thecontroller node or a combination thereof.
[0238] Optionally, at step 1006, the second sensing node transmits feedback#2 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#2 from the second sensing node.
[0239] Feedback#2 may indicate whether handover signal#2 is successfully received. Detailed description of feedback#2 may be referred to description in step 904. Notably, in some implementations, feedback#2 may carry information that indicates the controller node (e.g., identifier of the controller node) .
[0240] At step 1007, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2 to at least one sensing object. Correspondingly, the at least one sensing object receives the sensing signal#2 from the second sensing node.
[0241] At step 1008, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0242] Details of step 1007 and step 1008 can be referred to step 905, step 906 and step 830 and omitted here.
[0243] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining an indirect handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target indirectly through a controller node to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal are pre-defined (pre-configured) for SeNs and controller node and the target is not aware of the handover. Such a target may be referred to as transparent target or oblivious target in this context. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the controller node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . Firstly, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known bythe first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 10 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area ofthe first sensing node. In that case, the firs sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the controller node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Controller node receives the handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The controller node may generate and send a feedback to sensing node#1 in response to reception of handover signal#1. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Subsequently, the controller node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. If the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#2 is intended for sensing node#2, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback the controller node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 10 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0244] In some implementations, the at least one sensing object may aware of the handover. For example, apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object may receive a handover signal. The apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object may be the at least one sensing objectitselfor apparatus installed on the at least one sensing object. The apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing objectmay be referred to as apparatus#1 in some implementations of this applications. Similarto the second sensing node receiving the handover signal, apparatus#1 may receive the handover signal in a variety of cases. Twoof cases are illustrated in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12.
[0245] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the at least one sensing object receiving a handover signal from the first sensing node according to some implementations of this application.
[0246] At step 1101, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0247] At step 1102, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0248] The step 1101 and 1102 are combined to exemplary step 810. An example of a mono-static sensing procedure is illustrated in FIG. 11 and not as a special limitation. More details can be referred to step 810.
[0249] At step 1103, the first sensing node transmits handover signal#1 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0250] The step 1103 can be referred to step 903 and omitted here.
[0251] Optionally, at step 1104, the second sensing node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the second sensing node.
[0252] The step 1104 can be referred to step 904 and omitted here.
[0253] At step 1105, the first sensing node transmits handover signal#2toapparatus#1. Correspondingly, apparatus#1 receives handover signal#2 from the first sensing node.
[0254] The handover signal#2 transmitted to apparatus#1 may carry part or all of the information described in step 820. Details can be referred to step 820.
[0255] Notably, in this example application scenario, ahandover signal transmitted to the second sensing node and a handover signal transmitted to apparatusmay carry the same information or different information.
[0256] Notably, in some implementations, the first sensing node may transmit a handover signal to the second sensing nodeand apparatus#1 by broadcast, multicast or groupcast. In other words, the step 1103 and step 1105 may be combined into one stepin some implementations.
[0257] Optionally, at step 1106, apparatus#1transmits feedback#2 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#2 from apparatus#1.
[0258] For example, feedback#2 may indicatewhether the handover signal#2 is successfully received. Feedback#2 may carry part or all of the information described in step 904. Details can be referred to the description in step 904.
[0259] Notably, in this example application scenario, a feedback transmitted by the second sensing node and a feedback transmitted by apparatus#1 may carry the same or different information.
[0260] At step 1107, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0261] At step 1108, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0262] The step 1107 and 1108 are combined to exemplary step 830. An example of a mono-static sensing procedure is illustrated in FIG. 11 and not as a special limitation. More details can be referred to step 830.
[0263] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a direct handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target directly to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signals are pre-defined (pre-configured) for SeNs and target, and the target is aware of the handover. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 11 illustrates a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover. for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Additionally, the first sensing node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the target. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. Subsequently and if the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#1 is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Furthermore, target receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The target may generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node in response to receiving handover signal#2. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 11 illustrates a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0264] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of apparatus#1 corresponding tothe at least one sensing object receiving a handover signal from the controller node according to some implementations of this application.
[0265] At step 1201, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1 to at least one sensing object.
[0266] At step 1202, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0267] Details of step 1201 and step 1202 can be referred to step 901, step 902 and step 810 and omitted here.
[0268] At step 1203, the first sensing node transmitshandover signal#1 to a controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0269] Details of step 1203 can be referred to step 1003 and are omitted here.
[0270] Optionally, at step 1204, the controller node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the controller node.
[0271] Details of step 1204 can be referred to step 1004 and are omitted here.
[0272] At step 1205, the controller node transmits handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receiveshandover signal#2 from the controller node.
[0273] Details of step 1205 can be referred to step 1005 and are omitted here.
[0274] Optionally, at step 1206, the second sensing node transmits feedback#2 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#2 from the second sensing node.
[0275] Details of step 1206 can be referred to step 1006 and are omitted here.
[0276] At step 1207, the controller node transmits handover signal#3 toapparatus#1. Correspondingly, apparatus#1receiveshandover signal#3 from the controller node.
[0277] The handover signal#3 transmitted to apparatus#1 may carry part or all of the information described in step 820. Details can be referred to step 820.
[0278] Notably, in this example application scenario, a handover signal transmitted to the second sensing node and a handover signal transmitted to apparatusmay carry the same information or different information.
[0279] Notably, in some implementations, thecontroller node may transmit a handover signal to the second sensing nodeand apparatus#1 by broadcast, multicast or groupcast. In other words, the step 1205 and step 1207 may be combined into one stepin some implementations.
[0280] Optionally, at step 1208, the at least one sensing object transmits feedback#3 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#3 from the at least one sensing object.
[0281] For example, feedback#3 may indicatewhether the handover signal#3 is successfully received. Feedback#3 may carry part or all of the information described in step 904. Details can be referred to the description in step 904.
[0282] Notably, in this example application scenario, a feedback transmitted by the second sensing node and a feedback transmitted by apparatus#1 may carry the same or different information.
[0283] At step 1209, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0284] At step 1210, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0285] The step 1209 and 1210 are combined to exemplary step 830. An example of a mono-static sensing procedure is illustrated in FIG. 12 and not as a special limitation. More details can be referred to step 830.
[0286] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining an indirect handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target indirectly through a controller node to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signals are pre-defined (pre-configured) for SeNs and target, and the target is aware of the handover. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the controller node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . Firstly, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signals to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 12 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the controller node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Controller node receives the handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The controller node may generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node in response to reception of handover signal#1. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Subsequently, the controller node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. If the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#2 is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback the controller node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Additionally, the controller node generates handover signal 3 based on handover signal 3 configuration and transmits it to the target. Generating handover signal 3 may include embedding some information into the signal. The target receives the handover signal 3 and processes it based on the handover signal 3 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The target may generate and send a feedback to the controller node in response to receiving handover signal 3. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 12 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0287] In some implementations, the first sensing node, the second sensing node, the controller node and / or apparatus may be configured with one or more parameters related to thecorresponding handover signal. The transmitter of the handover signalcould transmit the handover signal. The receiver of the handover signal could receive (interpret) the handover signal based on the configurations. The nodeand / or apparatus being configured are related to the handover procedureand will be described in conjunction with FIGs. 13-16 below.
[0288] FIG. 13 illustrates afirst example of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0289] As illustrated in FIG. 13, ahandover signal is transmitted from the first sensing node to the second sensing node, so that the first sensing node and the second sensing node may be configured with one or more parameters related to the handover signal.
[0290] At step 1301, aconfiguration node transmits configuration information#1to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives configuration information#1 from the configuration node.
[0291] For example, configuration information#1indicated a second configuration parameter set associated with the handover signal. Thus, the second sensing node couldreceive (interpret) the handover signal based on the secondconfigurationparameter set.
[0292] In some implementations, the second configuration parameter set may indicate one or more of: a time resource associated with the handover signal, a frequency resource associated with the handover signal, and a type of the handover signal. Thus, the second sensing node could receive the handover signal on the location of theindicated time-frequency resource and interpret the handover signal based on the indicated type (e.g., LFM type) .
[0293] At step 1302, the configuration node transmits configuration information#2 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives the configuration information#2 from the configuration node.
[0294] For example, configuration information#2 may indicate a configuration parameter set associated with the handover signal. In other words, configuration information#2 may carrypart or all of the parameters carried in configuration information#1. Thus, the first sensing node could generate the handover signal based on the indicated typeand map the handover signal to the indicated time-frequency resource.
[0295] Notably, insome implementations, configuration information#1 and configuration information#2 may carry some different parameters. For example, configuration information#1 may further indicate the identifier of the second sensing node, and configuration information#2 may further indicate the identifier of the first sensing node.
[0296] Notably, in some implementations, theconfiguration node may transmit configuration information to the first sensing node and the second sensing node by broadcast, multicast or groupcast. In other words, the step 1301 and step 1302 may be combined into one stepin some implementations.
[0297] The steps 1303-1308 below can be referred tosteps 901-906 respectively. The details are omitted here.
[0298] At step 1303, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0299] At step 1304, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0300] At step 1305, the first sensing node transmits a handover signalto the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives the handover signal from the first sensing node.
[0301] Optionally, at step 1306, the second sensing node transmits a feedback to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives the feedback from the second sensing node.
[0302] At step 1307, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0303] At step 1308, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0304] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a direct handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target directly to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal is not already known by SeNs, and the target is not aware of the handover. Such a target may be referred to as transparent target or oblivious target in this context. FIG. 13 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, a configuration node may send the handover signal configurations to the first sensing node and the second sensing node. The first sensing node is the sensing node which is currently sensing the target and the second sensing node is the sensing node to whom the first sensing node would like to handover the target. In some implementations, the configuration node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . The configuration may be sent via control signaling such as RRC or MAC-CE. Next, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or generated based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined sensing signal configurations) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and the first sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 13 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover the target to another SeN; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates a handover signal based on handover signal configurations and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal and processes it based on the handover signal configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. Subsequently and if the second sensing node determines that the handover signal is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 13 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0305] FIG. 14 illustrates asecondexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0306] As illustrated in FIG. 14, handover signal#1 is transmitted from the first sensing node to the second sensing node, so that the first sensing node and the second sensing node may be configured with one or more parameters related to the handover signal#1. Handover signal#2 is transmitted from the first sensing node to apparatus, so that the first sensing node and apparatus#1 may be configured with one or more parameters related to handover signal#2.
[0307] At step 1401, aconfiguration node transmits configuration information#1 to apparatus#1. Correspondingly, apparatus#1 receives configuration information#1 from the configuration node.
[0308] For example, configuration information#1 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#2. Thus, apparatus#1couldreceive (interpret) handover signal#2 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0309] In some implementations, the configuration parameter set may indicate one or more of: a time resource associated with handover signal#2, a frequency resource associated with handover signal#2, and a type of handover signal#2. Thus, apparatus#1could receive handover signal#2 on the location of theindicated time-frequency resource and interpret handover signal#2 based on the indicated type (e.g., LFM type) .
[0310] At step 1402, a configuration node transmits configuration information#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives configuration information#2 from the configuration node.
[0311] The step 1402 can be referred to description in step 1301 and details are omitted here.
[0312] At step 1403, the configuration node transmits configuration information#3to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives configuration information#3 from the configuration node.
[0313] In some implementations, configuration information may indicate a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#1 and a configuration parameter setassociated with handover signal#2. Thus, the first sensing node could transmit handover signal#1 and handover signal#2 based on the configuration. The configuration parameter set can be referred to description in step 1401 and omitted here.
[0314] Notably, in some implementations, theconfiguration node may transmit configuration information to the first sensing node, the second sensing nodeand apparatuscorresponding to the at least one sensing object by broadcast, multicast or groupcast. In other words, the step 1401, step 1402 and step 1403 may be combined into one stepin some implementations.
[0315] The steps 1404-1411 below can be referred tosteps 1101-1108 respectively. The details are omitted here.
[0316] At step 1404, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0317] At step 1405, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0318] At step 1406, the first sensing node transmits handover signal#1 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0319] Optionally, at step 1407, the second sensing node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the second sensing node.
[0320] At step 1408, the first sensing node transmits handover signal#2 to theat least one sensing object. Correspondingly, theat least one sensing object receives handover signal#2 from the first sensing node.
[0321] Optionally, at step 1409, theat least one sensing object transmits feedback#2 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#2 from the at least one sensing object.
[0322] At step 1410, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0323] At step 1411, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0324] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a direct handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target directly to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal is not already known by SeNs, and the target is aware of the handover. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, a configuration node may send the entire or a part of handover signals configurations to the first sensing node, the second sensing node, and target. The target in this scenario is a device which has a connection to the network; for example, target may be a UE in some implementations. The first sensing node is the sensing node which is currently sensing the target and the second sensing node is the sensing node to whom the first sensing node would like to handover the target. In some implementations, the configuration node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . The configuration may be sent via control signaling such as RRC or MAC-CE. Next, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 14 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Additionally, the first sensing node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the target. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. Subsequently and if the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#1 is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Furthermore, target receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The target may generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node in response to receiving handover signal#2. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 14 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0325] FIG. 15 illustrates athirdexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0326] As illustrated in FIG. 15, handover signal#1 is transmitted from the first sensing node to the controller node, so that the first sensing node and the controller node may be configured with one or more parameters related to the handover signal#1. Handover signal#2 is transmitted from the controller node to the second sensing node, so that the controller node and the second sensing node may be configured with one or more parameters related to handover signal#2.
[0327] At step 1501, aconfiguration node transmits configuration information#1to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives configuration information#1 from the configuration node.
[0328] For example, configuration information#1 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#2. Thus, the second sensing node couldreceive (interpret) handover signal#2 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0329] At step 1502, the configuration node transmits configuration information#2 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives the configuration information#2 from the configuration node.
[0330] For example, configuration information#2 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#1. Thus, the first sensing node couldtransmithandover signal#1 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0331] At step 1503, the configuration node transmits configuration information#3 to the controllernode. Correspondingly, the controller node receives configuration information#3 from the configuration node.
[0332] For example, configuration information#3 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#1 and a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#2. Thus, the controller node couldreceive (interpret) handover signal#1 and transmit handover signal#2 based on the configuration information.
[0333] Notably, in some implementations, although not illustrated, the controller node and the configuration node may be the same node. In this case, configuration information#3may be omitted or referred to as an internal signaling.
[0334] The steps 1504-1511 below can be referred tosteps 1001-1008 respectively. The details are omitted here.
[0335] At step 1504, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0336] At step 1505, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0337] At step 1506, the first sensing node transmitshandover signal#1 to a controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0338] Optionally, at step 1507, the controller node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the controller node.
[0339] At step 1508, the controller node transmits handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receiveshandover signal#2 from the controller node.
[0340] Optionally, at step 1509, the second sensing node transmits feedback#2 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#2 from the second sensing node.
[0341] At step 1510, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0342] At step 1511, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0343] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining an indirect handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target indirectly through a controller node to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal is not already known by SeNs and the target is not aware of the handover. Such a target may be referred to as transparent target or oblivious target in this context. FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, a configuration node may send the entire or a part of handover signals configurations to the first sensing node, the second sensing node, and controller node. The first sensing node is the sensing node which is currently sensing the target and the second sensing node is the sensing node to whom the first sensing node would like to handover the target. In some implementations, the configuration node and controller node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . The configuration node and controller node may be the same node. The configuration may be sent via control signaling such as RRC or MAC-CE. Next, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 15 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the controller node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Controller node receives the handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The controller node may generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node in response to reception of handover signal#1. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Subsequently, the controller node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. If the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#2 is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback the controller node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 15 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0344] FIG. 16 illustrates afourthexample of configuration procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0345] As illustrated in FIG. 16, handover signal#1 is transmitted from the first sensing node to the controller node, so that the first sensing node and the controller node may be configured with one or more parameters related to handover signal#1. Handover signal#2 is transmitted from the controller node to the second sensing node, so that the controller node and the second sensing node may be configured with one or more parameters related to handover signal#2. Handover signal#is transmitted from the controller node to apparatus#1, so that the controller node and apparatus may be configured with one or more parameters related to handover signal#3.
[0346] At step 1601, a configuration node transmits configuration information#1toapparatus#1. Correspondingly, apparatus#1 receives configuration information#1 from the configuration node.
[0347] For example, configuration information#1 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#3. Thus, apparatus#1 couldreceive (interpret) handover signal#3 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0348] At step 1602, a configuration node transmits configuration information#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receives configuration information#2 from the configuration node.
[0349] For example, configuration information#2 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#2. Thus, the second sensing node couldreceive (interpret) handover signal#2 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0350] At step 1603, the configuration node transmits configuration information#3 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives configuration information#3 from the configuration node.
[0351] For example, configuration information#3 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#1. Thus, the first sensing node couldtransmit handover signal#1 based on the configuration parameter set.
[0352] At step 1604, the configuration node transmits configuration information#4 to the controllernode. Correspondingly, the controller node receives configuration information#4 from the configuration node.
[0353] For example, configuration information#4 indicated a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#1, a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#2, aconfiguration parameter set associated with handover signal#3 and a configuration parameter set associated with handover signal#4. Thus, the controller node couldreceive handover signal#, and transmit handover signal#2, handover signal#3 and handover signal#4 based on the configuration parameter sets.
[0354] The steps 1605-1614 below can be referred tosteps 1201-1210 respectively. The details are omitted here.
[0355] At step 1605, the first sensing node transmits sensing signal#1.
[0356] At step 1606, the first sensing node performs sensing processing#1.
[0357] At step 1607, the first sensing node transmitshandover signal#1 to a controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives handover signal#1 from the first sensing node.
[0358] Optionally, at step 1608, the controller node transmits feedback#1 to the first sensing node. Correspondingly, the first sensing node receives feedback#1 from the controller node.
[0359] At step 1609, the controller node transmits handover signal#2 to the second sensing node. Correspondingly, the second sensing node receiveshandover signal#2 from the controller node.
[0360] Optionally, at step 1610, the second sensing node transmits feedback#2 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#2 from the second sensing node.
[0361] At step 1611, the controller node transmits handover signal#3 to theat least one sensing object. Correspondingly, the at least one sensing object receiveshandover signal#3 from the controller node.
[0362] Optionally, at step 1612, the at least one sensing object transmits feedback#3 to the controller node. Correspondingly, the controller node receives feedback#3 from the at least one sensing object.
[0363] At step 1613, the second sensing node transmits sensing signal#2.
[0364] At step 1614, the second sensing node performs sensing processing#2.
[0365] In a nutshell, some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining an indirect handover signaling and procedure for a SeN to handover a target indirectly through a controller node to another SeN wherein the configurations of the handover signal is not already known by SeNs and the target is aware of the handover. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the handover procedure in this scenario, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, a configuration node may send the entire or a part of handover signals configurations to the first sensing node, the second sensing node, target, and controller node. The first sensing node is the sensing node which is currently sensing the target and the second sensing node is the sensing node to whom the first sensing node would like to handover the target. In some implementations, the configuration node and controller node may be a transmission-reception point (TRP) , or a base station (BS) , or another network node, or a user equipment (UE) . The configuration node and controller node may be the same node. The configuration may be sent via control signaling such as RRC or MAC-CE. Next, the first sensing node performs sensing by generating and transmitting sensing signal#1 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the first sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the first sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 16 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. The result of the sensing procedure may indicate that there is need for handover; for example, if the target is exiting the coverage area of the first sensing node. In that case, the first sensing node generates handover signal#1 based on handover signal#1 configuration and transmits it to the controller node. Generating handover signal#1 may include embedding some information into the signal. Controller node receives the handover signal#1 and processes it based on the handover signal#1 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The controller node may generate and send a feedback to the first sensing node in response to reception of handover signal#1. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Subsequently, the controller node generates handover signal#2 based on handover signal#2 configuration and transmits it to the second sensing node. Generating handover signal#2 may include embedding some information into the signal. The second sensing node receives the handover signal#2 and processes it based on the handover signal#2 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. If the second sensing node determines that the handover signal#2 is intended for the second sensing node, it starts sensing the target and may also generate and send a feedback the controller node. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. Additionally, the controller node generates handover signal#3 based on handover signal#3 configuration and transmits it to the target. Generating handover signal#3 may include embedding some information into the signal. The target receives the handover signal#3 and processes it based on the handover signal#3 configuration to obtain the information embedded into the signal. The target may generate and send a feedback to the controller node in response to receiving handover signal#3. Generating feedback may include embedding some information into the signal. To perform sensing, the second sensing node generates and sends sensing signal#2 according to sensing signal configuration which may be sent to the second sensing node previously or based on the sensing signal configuration which is known by the second sensing node (pre-configured or pre-defined) . In some implementations, the sensing type is mono-static wherein the transmitted sensing signal is reflected from the target and sensing node receives and processes the reflected signal to obtain sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation. While FIG. 16 illustrate a mono-static sensing procedure, in some other implementations, the sensing type is bi-static or multi-static wherein the sensing signal reflected from the target is received and processed by one or more sensing agents to obtain the sensing attributes of the target such as but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation.
[0366] As aforementioned in FIG. 8, the handover signal may be an LMF signal. The detailed description of the LMF signal is given in conjunction with FIGs. 17 to 24.
[0367] FIG. 17 illustrates an example LFM signal representation in the time-frequency domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The starting time and frequency of the signal is t and f, respectively. The LFM rate is α and the time duration of the signal is T.
[0368] LFM-based signals or chirp-based signals can be referred to as the ones constructed based on a single LFM signal introduced above. Two examples of LFM-based signals are introduced below.
[0369] FIG. 18 illustrates a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal as a first example, which includes multiple parallel single chirps multiplexed in the time domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, time durations of the LFM signals are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . Starting frequencies of these LFM signals are the same, which are equal to f0. LFM rates of these LFM signals are the same, which are equal to -α. Each of these LFM signals occupies a bandwidth B.
[0370] FIG. 19 illustrates a triangular waveform signal as a second example, which is constructed by LFM signals with opposite sign LFM rates, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, time durations of these LFM signals are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . The LFM rates of these LFM signals can be indicated by an LFM rate sequence (-α, α, …, -α, α) . In other words, LFM rates of two adjacent LFM signals are opposite. The starting frequencies of these LFM signals are different. For example, the starting frequency of one LFM signal is f0, and the starting frequency of the next LFM signal is f0-B, where B is a bandwidth occupied by each of these LFM signals.
[0371] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an LFM-based signal in a general format, in which the absolute value of the LFM rates can vary across symbols, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The general format LFM-based signal is characterized by a sequence of LFM rates (α1, α2, …, αM) , a sequence of time durations (T1, T2, …, TM) , and a sequence of starting frequencies (f1, f2, …, fM) . In some implementations, a special case of the general LFM-based signal illustrated in FIG. 20 may be used. In this special case, the LFM rate of all individual LFM signals are the same, the time duration of all individual LFM signals are the same, and different individual LFM signals may only be different in their initial frequencies. In some implementations, another special case of the general LFM-based signal illustrated in FIG. 20 may be used. In this special case, the initial frequency of all individual LFM signals are the same, the time duration of all individual LFM signals are the same, and different individual LFM signals may only be different in their LFM rate.
[0372] In some implementations, the handover signal can be a discrete LFM signal or a discrete LFM-based signal. A discrete LFM signal can be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM signal, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 17. Discrete LFM-based signals can be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM based signal, examples of which are illustrated in FIGs. 18, 19 and 20.
[0373] In an implementation, the sensing signal or handover signal is a linear chirp signal with bandwidth B and time duration T. A linear chirp signal may also be known as a linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal. Such a linear chirp signal is generally known from its use in FMCW RADAR systems. A linear chirp signal is defined by an increase in frequency from an initial frequency, fchirp0, at an initial time, tchirp0, to a final frequency, fchirp1, at a final time, tchirp1 where the relation between the frequency (f) and time (t) can be expressed as a linear relation of f-fchirp0=α(t-tchirp0) , where is defined as the chirp slope. Instead of the term “chirp slope, ” the same parameter may also be referred to as a chirp rate, an LFM slope or an LFM rate. The bandwidth of the linear chirp signal may be defined as B=fchirp1-fchirp0 and the time duration of the linear chirp signal may be defined as T=tchirp1-tchirp0. Such a linear chirp signal can be presented as in the baseband representation.
[0374] In some implementations, a discrete LFM sequence can be obtained by taking samples from a continuous LFM waveform. An LFM waveform is a waveform for which the frequency is a linear function of time.
[0375] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a discrete LFM sequence, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 21, T is the total time duration of the continuous waveform the samples are taken from, Ts is the sampling time, N is the total number of samples, u is the LFM rate of the discrete LFM sequence, and s is the initial frequency of the discrete LFM sequence.
[0376] Considering the discrete LFM sequence, it may be assumed that there are M possibilities for LFM rate u denoted by and there are N possibilities for s denoted by Consequently, the set of all sequence parameters in this case can be written as The handover signal (or other signals in the present disclosure such handover feedback signal) can be defined as:
[0377]
[0378]
[0379] where wi, g denotes the discrete LFM sequence characterized by LFM rate ui and initial frequency sg, bi, g∈ {0, 1} is a binary selection parameter which determines if wi, g is present in the waveform or not, and qi, g represents the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbol embedded onto wi, g. Note that the information not only can be embedded onto the QAM symbols, but can also be embedded onto the selection parameters. More specifically, the presence or absence of wi, g can carry a bit of information. {bi, g} i, g and {qi, g} i, g are referred to as data embedding parameters and are referred to as discrete LFM sequence configuration parameters.
[0380] FIG. 22 illustrates a general type of discrete triangular waveform, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 22, a general discrete triangular waveform may be generated from two discrete LFM waveforms. The general discrete triangular waveform can be mathematically described as:
[0381]
[0382] where x [n] is representative of an nth sample of the general discrete triangular waveform.
[0383] Additionally, T (in seconds) is the total duration of the triangular waveform and Ts (in seconds) is the time between subsequent samples. Furthermore, the general discrete triangular waveform may be understood to be subject to conditions, such as u1u2<0, and T= (N1+N2) Ts. The representation of the sequence, x, may be understood to have six independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, s1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0384] An alternative for using the general discrete triangular waveform is to use a pair of ZC sequences, wherein one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence and a second ZC sequence. The first ZC sequence may be described as having a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The second ZC sequence may be described as having a second root, u2, and a second length, N2.
[0385] The discrete triangular waveform generated based on the pair of ZC sequences can be mathematically described as:
[0386]
[0387] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has five independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0388] A first special case of the general discrete triangular waveform described hereinbefore may be characterized based on an assumption that u1N1=-u2N2. This property may be shown to help to preserve continuity of the signal in the time-frequency domain when multiple discrete triangular waveforms are multiplexed in time, as will be discussed hereinafter.
[0389] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a discrete triangular waveform in the first special case, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0390] Notably, the assumption that u1N1=-u2N2 reduces the number of independent parameters by one. As a consequence, it may be said that this first special case has five independent parameters. Notably, the five independent parameters may be expected to include s1 and Ts, with the remaining three parameters selected from among four parameters, u1, u2, N1, N2. For example, s1 and Ts may be selected along with u1, N1 and N2. Although a function, may be used to obtain u2 based on u1, N1 and N2, it may be considered to be more efficient to simply substitute any time u2 would have been used. After such a substitution, the first special case of the discrete triangular waveform may be mathematically described as:
[0391]
[0392] One alternative for using the first special case of discrete triangular waveform provided hereinbefore, involves using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a second ZC sequence with a second root, u2, and a second length, N2. The first special case discrete triangular waveform generated based on the pair of ZC sequences can be mathematically described as:
[0393]
[0394] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with The second root may be obtained using the function described hereinbefore, It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has four independent parameters, namely, u1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0395] A second special case of the general discrete triangular waveform described hereinbeforemay be characterized in that and Using parameters, u and N, that are non-specific to the first LFM waveform or the second LFM waveform, the second special case of the discrete triangular waveform may be mathematically described as:
[0396]
[0397] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Notably, the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform can be characterized with four independent parameters, namely, u, N, s1 and Ts. Furthermore, the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform may be found to be consistent with the assumption, u1N1=-u2N2 , that was discussed, hereinbefore, in the context of the first special case discrete triangular waveform. For the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform, the assumption may be restated as
[0398] One alternative for using the second special case (symmetric) of discrete triangular waveform provided hereinbefore, involves using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u, and a length, The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a second ZC sequence with a second root, -u, and a length, The second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform generated based on the pair of ZC sequences may be mathematically described as:
[0399]
[0400] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with s3=-u (N+2) . It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has three independent parameters, namely, u, N and Ts.
[0401] The signals generated based on linear frequency modulation (LFM) are known for their potential for low complexity processing. Such signals are referred to as chirp-based signals or LFM-based signals in this disclosure. It is known that LFM-based signals can be processed using operations mostly in the RF analog domain which can reduce the power consumption significantly.
[0402] In some implementations, the handover signal can be generated based on a sequence such as, but not limited to:
[0403] 1) Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence
[0404] 2) Pseudo-random (PN) sequence (also known as pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) , linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence)
[0405] 3) M-sequence (also known as n-sequence and maximum length sequence (MLS) )
[0406] 4) Gold sequence
[0407] 5) Walsh sequence
[0408] 6) Golay sequence
[0409] 7) Kasami sequence
[0410] 8) Low density sequences
[0411] 9) DFT / FFT sequences
[0412] 10) QAM symbol-based sequence
[0413] 11) Combinations and optimizations of above sequences.
[0414] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence in the generation of the handover signal. Mathematically, a ZC sequence, w [n] , may be defined as:
[0415]
[0416] where Ns represents a sequence length, u represents a sequence root (the sequence root is prime to the sequence length, Ns) , l∈ {0, . ., Ns-1} represents a value for a cyclic shift of the sequence, n′= (n+l) mod Ns, cf=Ns mod 2 and q is an integer.
[0417] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence in the generation of the handover signal. A PN sequence may also be known as a pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) or a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence.
[0418] FIG. 25 illustrates an LFSR with a plurality of shift registers 802-1 to 802-L, a feedback logic 804 and a clock 806, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 25, the plurality of shift registers is represented as a first shift register 802-1, a second shift register 802-2 and an lth shift register 802-L. The feedback logic 804 is typically implemented using a set of XORs (also known as Modulo-2 adders) . In an operation, the first shift register 802-1 receives input from the feedback logic 804 and the clock 806. The first shift register 802-1 provides output to the feedback logic 804 and to the second shift register 802-2. The second shift register 802-2 receives input from the first shift register 802-1 and the clock 806. The second shift register 802-2 provides output to the feedback logic 804 and to a third shift register (not shown) . The lth shift register 802-L receives input from the (l-1) th shift register (not shown) and the clock 806. The lth shift register 802-L provides output to the feedback logic 804 and also provides a PN sequence that may be considered to be the output of the LFSR.
[0419] It is known that an m-sequence, which is also known as an n-sequence and a maximum length sequence (MLS) , is a special case of a PN sequence. In this special case, the LFSR generating the sequence has a property called “maximal. ” It follows that the method disclosed hereinbefore for a PN sequence be equally applicable for use in the case of an m-sequence in the generation of the handover signal.
[0420] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a Gold sequence in the generation of the handover signal. It is known that a Gold sequence can be generated by performing element-wise XOR of two m-sequences. Consequently, Gold sequence configuration parameters may be defined to include initial states for shift registers in LFSRs generating two m-sequences as well as feedback logic for those LFSRs.
[0421] FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 illustrate some other example signals or waveforms that can be used for the handover signal according to different implementations of the present disclosure.
[0422] FIG. 26 illustrates example multi-carrier amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveforms, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. For MC-ASK waveform generation, K denotes a size of iFFT of CP-OFDMA, and N is a number of subcarriers (SCs) used by signal including potential guard-bands. On-off keying (OOK) can be a special case of ASK where the signal amplitude can take one of two possible values. Option OOK-1 can carry Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, where OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs are zero power (from base-band point of view) .
[0423] FIG. 27 illustrates Option OOK-2, which can include Parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In this case, N SCs of signal are further separated into M segments (M=2 in the example of FIG. 27) . In some instances, there can be guard-bands in-between and / or around the M segments. In this example, OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs in the segment are modulated, and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means all SCs in segment are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0424] FIG. 28 illustrates Option OOK-3 -Multi-tone single-bit OOK, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In this case, N SCs of signal are separated into L segments (L=2 in the example of Figure 28) without guard-bands in-between segments. In some instances, there can be guard-bands around the segments. OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that 1 sub-carrier (known by RX) of each segment is modulated, and that the rest of SC is zero power (from base-band point of view) ; and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs in all segments are zero power (from base-band point of view) .
[0425] FIG. 29 illustrates Option OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In this case, N SCs of OOK-1 are generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square) , and N’s amples are generated from M bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. Truncation or other additional modification may or may not be used. In other words, N is the same as N’ if truncation or other additional modification is not used. In some instances, N’ can be the same as K, and potential guard-band SCs are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0426] FIG. 30 illustrates example multi-carrier frequency shift keying (MC-FSK) waveforms, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. For M-bit MC-FSK generation, the following options are available. In Option FSK-1, N SCs of signal are separated to M pairs of segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Each segment can include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. Among a pair of segments, one segment is modulated, and another segment is zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0427] In Option FSK-2, N SCs of signal are separated to 2M segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around (M >0, N >1) . Each segment can include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. One segment from 2M segments is modulated, and other segments of SCs are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0428] In some implementations, Manchester encoding can be assumed for representing bits 0 and 1 in the above-mentioned waveforms. Manchester code is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. It is a self-clocking signal with no DC component.
[0429] FIG. 31 illustrates a combination of ASK and FSK, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In some implementations, if the time domain waveform for FSK is generated by the method of OOK-4, the waveform can be regarded as a joint modulation of OOK and FSK. In the example shown in FIG. 31, 2 bits can be carried by one OFDM symbol. The first bit is represented by the frequency location f0 or f1, e.g., in an FSK way. The second bit is represented by the time domain waveform ON-OFF or OFF-ON, where Manchester coding in the time domain is assumed.
[0430] In some implementations, the handover signal can be based on digital waveforms such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, and Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) .
[0431] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the mapping used to embed information into the signals discussed in this disclosure. In this context, signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16, or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 9-16.
[0432] In some implementations, the required information can be embedded into the parameters of the signal. FIG. 32 illustrates an example wherein handover signal is an LFM-based signal with 14 symbols and the required information is embedded into the parameters of the signal. In this example, there are two possibilities for LFM rate of an individual LFM signal which are α0 mapped to bit 0 and α1 mapped to bit 1. Additionally, there are two possibilities for initial frequency of an individual LFM signal which are f0 mapped to bit 0 and f1 mapped to bit 1. The first information bit, b1, indicating if the handover procedure is direct or indirect is embedded into the LFM rate of the LFM signal in symbol 1. The LFM rate of all subsequent LFM signals are the same as the one used in symbol 1. The second information bit, b2, indicating if feedback is required for the handover signal is embedded into the initial frequency of the LFM signal in symbol 2. The next four information bits, i.e., b3, b4, b5, b6, indicating transmitter identity are embedded into the initial frequency of the LFM signals in symbols 3-6. The next four information bits, i.e., b7, b8, b9, b10, indicating recievers identity are embeded into the initial frequency of the LFM signals in symbols 7-10. The next four information bits, i.e., b11, b12, b13, b14, indicating target position are embedded into the initial frequency of the LFM signals in symbols 11-14.
[0433] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the transmitter of the signals discussed in this disclosure. In this context, signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16, or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 9-16. Some of the possible choices for the signal transmitter are provided below.
[0434] FIG. 33 illustrates the charts wherein an LFM-based signal is generated in the RF analog domain. First, the sequence of initial frequencies and chirp rates are selected based on signal configurations. Subsequently, an LFM-based signal is generated using an analog chirp generator.
[0435] In some implementations, the TX may first generate a discrete LFM-based signal in the baseband digital domain and then convert it to an analog signal using a pulse shaping filter or a digital to analog convertor (DAC) . FIG. 34 illustrates an example of such a scenario.
[0436] In some embodiments, the TX may generate the signal based on a sequence such as but not limited to ZC sequence, PN sequence, Gold sequence, m-sequence. In such cases, the signal may be generated according to the chart depicted in FIG. 35. First, the sequence parameters are selected possibly based on signal configurations. Subsequently, the sequence is generated in the baseband digital domain. Following that, a pulse shaping filter or a DAC is used to generate the analog signal.
[0437] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a transmitter may be equipped with one or multiple of the structures mentioned in above (FIGs. 33-35) .
[0438] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the receiver of the signals discussed in this disclosure. In this context, signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16, or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 9-16. Some of the possible choices for the signal receiver are provided below.
[0439] FIG. 36 illustrates an example for the receiver of an LFM-based signal. The first step is to perform de-chirp processing on the received signal. Subsequently a low pass filter is applied to filter out the unwanted signals and then an envelope detector is used to detect the information. This receiver structure can be implemented in RF analog domain with low complexity and power consumption. However, it may not be capable of performing sensing. It only detects if a specific signal is present or not. The same receiver structure can be used when the signal is generated based on a discrete LFM-based signal. Due to the similarity of discrete LFM-based signal and ZC sequence, the same receiver structure shown in FIG. 36 can also be used when the signal is generated based on ZC sequence.
[0440] FIG. 37 illustrates another example for the receiver of an LFM-based signal. The first step is to perform de-chirp processing on the received signal. Subsequently a low pass filter may be applied to filter out the unwanted signals. Next, sampling is performed to take samples of the signal. After that, the taken samples are processed to determine the presence of a signal. The processing may also comprise sensing processing in which sensing algorithms can be used to obtain sensing parameters corresponding to the TX node which has sent the signal. The processing may also comprise obtaining the information embedded in the signal. In some implementations, the low pass filtering can be removed from the structure as the digital processing happening after low pass filtering can compensate for absence of low pass filter. The same receiver structure can be used when the signal is generated based on a discrete LFM-based signal. Due to the similarity of discrete LFM-based signal and ZC sequence, the same receiver structure shown in FIG. 37 can also be used when the signal is generated based on ZC sequence.
[0441] FIG. 38 illustrates another example for the receiver of a signal generated based on a sequence. The first step is to perform sampling to take samples of the signal. After that the taken samples are correlated with the different sequences corresponding to different signal. The results are then processed to determine the presence of a signal. The processing may also comprise sensing processing in which sensing algorithms can be used to obtain sensing parameters corresponding to the TX node which has sent the signal. The processing may also comprise obtaining the information embedded in the signal.
[0442] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a receiver may be equipped with one or multiple of the structures mentioned in above (FIGs. 36-38) .
[0443] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a sensing agent. The method includes receiving handover signal configurations, generating a handover signal based on the configuration and transmitting the handover signal. Generating the handover signal may include embedding the required information into the signal.
[0444] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a sensing agent. The method includes receiving handover signal and feedback configurations, receiving a handover signal and processing it based on the configuration, and start sensing the targets indicated by the handover signal. The method can further comprises generating a handover feedback according to the configuration and transmits it.
[0445] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a controller node. The method includes receiving a handover signal configuration, receiving from a first sensing agent a handover signal and processing it based on the configuration, optionally generating a feedback signal feedback according to the configuration and transmitting it, generating a handover signal based on the configurations and transmitting it.
[0446] Aspects of the present disclosure define a network of sensing nodes, referred to as sensing agents (SAs) or sensing nodes (SeNs) in the present disclosure, for future generation wireless systems. Sensing nodes are capable of performing various types of sensing operations such as, but not limited to, mono-static sensing, bi-static sensing, and multi-static sensing. Furthermore, the SeNs may have limited communication capabilities enabling them to communicate with the network nodes such as TRPs as well as other SAs.
[0447] The sensing network may include a large number of SeNs. However, the coverage area (also known as coverage region) of a SeN is typically not large. Consequently, a mobile target which is being sensed by a SeN may exit the coverage of that SeN. Therefore, there may be a need for the serving SeN to handover the target to another SeN (e.g. a neighboring SeN) to be able to sense the mobile target continuously without interruption.
[0448] In regards to FIGs. 8-16, In some implementations, there can be more than one target (e.g., sensing object) . A target may be aware or may not be aware of handover procedure.
[0449] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a control or data channel for SeN-to-SeN handover signal communication and handover feedback communication.
[0450] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a control or data channel for SeN-to-controller node handover signal communication and handover feedback communication. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a control or data channel for controller node-to-SeN handover signal communication and handover feedback communication.
[0451] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the information which may be embedded in the signals discussed in this disclosure. In this context, signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16 or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 9-16. The handover signal may include: (1) indications of an identity of the transmitter of the signal, (2) indications of an identity of the intended receiver of the signal, (3) indications of an identity of the target or targets, (4) indications of an identity of the area to be handed over, (5) indications of obtained sensing attributes of a target or targets which may include but not limited to location, position, velocity, direction of movement, antenna orientation, target type, (6) indications of the time each sensing attribute is sensed, (7) time-frequency resources to be used for sensing, (8) time-frequency resources used for sensing, (9) request for direct or indirect handover, and (10) request for feedback. In some implementations, the feedback signal may include: (1) indications of an identity of the transmitter of the signal, (2) indications of an identity of the intended receiver of the signal, (3) indications of an identity of the target or targets, (4) indications of an identity of the area to be handed over, (5) time-frequency resources to be used for sensing, (6) indications of acknowledgement of the reception of the handover signal.
[0452] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the configurations of the handover signal and procedure. In this context, handover signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16. The configurations may include: (1) time-frequency resources used for the signal, (2) type of the signal, (3) mapping for information embedding into the parameters of the signal, (4) any time gap between a reception and the following transmission in the handover procedure.
[0453] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the type of the signals discussed in this disclosure. In this context, handover signal may be any of handover signal#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16 or feedback signals#1, 2, 3 illustrated in FIGs. 8-16. Some of the possible choices for handover signals are provided below.
[0454] In some implementations, the handover signal can be from a family of signals which have desirable time correlation properties such as, but not limited to: 1) Having a delta shape auto-correlation function, i.e., the correlation (which is a measure of similarity) of the signal with a shifted version of itself is much lower that the correlation of the signal with itself. 2) Having a low (close to zero) cross-correlation function, i.e., given a set of configuration parameters, the correlation between signals generated according to different configuration parameters is low.
[0455] As aforementioned in FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the first sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the first sensing node or a component that can be configured in the first sensing node.
[0456] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the first sensing node in FIGs. 6-16 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the first sensing node in FIGs. 6-16. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 6-16.
[0457] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the second sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the second sensing node or a component that can be configured in the second sensing node.
[0458] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the second sensing node in FIGs. 6-16 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the second sensing node in FIGs. 6-16. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-16.
[0459] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the controller node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be thecontroller node or a component that can be configured in the controller node.
[0460] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the controller node in FIGs. 6-16 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-16. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-16.
[0461] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the configuration node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the configuration node or a component that can be configured in the configuration node.
[0462] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the configuration node in FIGs. 6-16 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-16. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-16.
[0463] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object or a component that can be configured in the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object.
[0464] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object in FIGs. 6-16 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the third device in FIGs. 6-16. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-16.
[0465] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0466] As aforementioned in FIG. 5, the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed by the apparatus 510.
[0467] In some embodiments, the apparatus 510 may be a sensing node (afirst sensing node or a second sensing node) or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the sensing node; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a controller node or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the controller node; or the communication apparatus 510 may be an apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a configuration node or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the configuration node.
[0468] In a solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the sensing node (afirst sensing node or a second sensing node) in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0469] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the sensing node (afirst sensing node or a second sensing node) in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the UE in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0470] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the controller nodein the foregoing method embodiments.
[0471] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the controller node in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the controller node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0472] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0473] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0474] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the configuration node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0475] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the configuration node in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the configuration node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0476] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the first sensing node, or the method performed by thesecond sensing node, or the method performed by the controller node, or the method performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, or the method performed by theconfiguration node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0477] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the first sensing node, or the method performed by the second sensing node, or the method performed by the controller node, or the method performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, or the method performed by theconfiguration node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0478] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the first sensing node, or the method performed by the second sensing node, or the method performed by the controller node, or the method performed by the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, or the method performed by theconfiguration node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0479] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first sensing node and the second sensing node in the foregoing embodiments. Optionally, the communication system further includes one or more of thecontroller node, the apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing objectand the configuration node in the foregoing embodiments.
[0480] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0481] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0482] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0483] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0484] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0485] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0486] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0487] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0488] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0489] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0490] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0491] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0492] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0493] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0494] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0495] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0496] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0497] The present disclosure encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0498] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative implementations, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0499] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular implementations may also or instead be implemented in other implementations. Method implementations, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product implementations. In addition, although implementations are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving a handover signalused for a handover of at least onesensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node; andperforming sensing on theat least onesensing objectbased on the handover signal.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the handover signal carries one or more of:information that indicates the at least one sensing object;information that indicates an identifier of the first sensing node;information that indicates an identifier of the second sensing node;sensing data from the first sensing node;information that indicatesa firstconfigurationparameter set used forperforming sensing on the at least one sensing object;a request for the handover; anda request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the sensing data from the first sensing node indicates one or more of: a location of the at least one sensingobject obtained by the first sensing node, velocity of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, direction of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, and configurations used for performing sensingon the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node.4.The method according toany one ofclaims 1to 3, whereinthe handover signal is received from the first sensing node or a controller node.5.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the performing sensing on theat least one sensing objectcomprises: transmitting a sensing signal to performsensing on the at least one sensing object.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the handover signal carries information that indicates a first configurationparameter set used forperforming sensing on the at least one sensing object, and the first configuration parameter set is associated with the sensing signal.7.The method according to any one of claims1 to4, wherein the method further comprises:receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a second configuration parameter setassociated with the handover signal.8.The method according to claim 7, wherein thesecond configuration parameter set comprises one or more of: a time resource associated with the handover signal, a frequency resource associated with the handover signal, and a type of the handover signal.9.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the handover signal is based on a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal.10.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.11.A communication method, comprising:performing sensing onat least one sensing object; andtransmitting a first handover signal used for a handover of the at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the first handover signal carries one or more of:information that indicates the at least one sensing object;information that indicates an identifier of the first sensing node;information that indicates an identifier of the second sensing node;sensing data from the first sensing node;information that indicates a first configurationparameter set used forperforming sensing on the at least one sensing object;a request for the handover; anda request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein the sensing data from the first sensing node indicates one or more of: location of the at least one sensingobject obtained by the first sensing node, velocity of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, direction of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, and configurations used for performing sensingon the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node.14.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the first handover signal is transmitted to the second sensing node or a controller node, wherein the controller node is used for controlling the handover.15.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a second handover signalto at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the handover signal indicates the handover.16.The method according to claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:receiving a feedback corresponding to the second handover signal.17.The method according to any one of claims 11to 16, wherein themethod further comprises:receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the first handover signal, and the first handover signal is generated based on the configuration information.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein the configuration parameter set comprises one or more of: a time resource associated with thefirst handover signal, a frequency resource associated with the first handover signal, and a type of thefirst handover signal.19.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the handover signal is based on a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal.20.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the method further comprises:receivinga feedback corresponding to the handover signal.21.A communication method, comprising:receiving a first handover signal from a first sensing node; andtransmitting a second handover signal based on the first handover signal to a second sensing node, wherein the second handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from the first sensing node to the second sensing node.22.The method according to claim 20, wherein thesecond handover signal carries one or more of:information that indicates the at least one sensing object;information that indicates an identifier of the first sensing node;information that indicates an identifier of the second sensing node;sensing data from the first sensing node;information that indicates a first configurationparameter set used forperforming sensing on the at least one sensing object;a request for the handover; anda request for a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.23.The method according to claim 22, wherein the sensing data from the first sensing node indicates one or more of: location of the at least one sensingobject obtained by the first sensing node, velocity of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, direction of movement of the at least one sensing object obtained from the first sensing node, and configurations used for performing sensingon the at least one sensing object by the first sensing node.24.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a third handover signalto at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the third handover signal is used for indicating the handover.25.The method according to claim 24, wherein the method further comprises:receiving a feedback corresponding to the second handover signal.26.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the method further comprises:receiving first configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the first handover signal, the second handover signal, and / or a third handover signal.27.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting second configuration information to the first sensing node, wherein the second configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the first handover signal; and / ortransmitting third configuration information to the second sensing node, wherein the third configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with the second handover signal; and / ortransmitting fourth configuration informationto at least one apparatus corresponding to the at least one sensing object, wherein the fourth configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with a third handover signal.28.The method according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the configuration parameter set comprises one or more of: a time resourceassociated with the corresponding handover signal, a frequency resourceassociated with the corresponding handover signal, a type of the corresponding handover signal.29.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the first handover signal is based on a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal; and / or the second handover signal is based on a LFM signal.30.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 29, wherein the method further comprises:transmittinga feedback corresponding to the first handover signal.31.The method according to any one of claims 21 to 30, wherein the method further comprises:receiving a feedback corresponding to the second handover signal.32.A communication method, performed by an apparatus, comprising:performingsensing with a first sensing node;receiving a handover signal, whereinthe handover signal indicates a handover of a sensing object corresponding to the apparatusfrom the first sensing node to a second sensing node; andperforming sensing with the second sensing nodebased on the handover signal.33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the handover signal is received from the first sensing node or a controller node.34.The method according to claim 32or 33, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting a feedback corresponding to the handover signal.35.A communication method, comprising:generating configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with a handover signal, and the handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node; andtransmitting the configuration information.36.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35.37.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:a receiving unitconfigured to receivea handover signal used for a handover of at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node; anda performingunit configured to perform sensing on the at least one sensing object bases on the handover signal.38.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:a performingunit configured to perform sensing at least one sensing object; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit a first handover signal used for a handover of the at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node.39.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:a receiving unitconfigured to receive a first handover signal from a first sensing node; anda transmitting unit configured to a second handover signal based on the first handover signal to a second sensing node, wherein the second handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from the first sensing node to the second sensing node.40.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:a performingunit configured to perform sensing with a first sensing node;a receiving unit configured to receive a handover signal, whereinthe handover signal indicates a handover of a sensing object corresponding to the apparatusfrom the first sensing node to a second sensing node; anda performingunit configured to perform sensing with the second sensing nodebased on the handover signal.41.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:a generating unit configured to generate configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a configuration parameter set associated with a handover signal, and the handover signal is used for a handover of at least one sensing object from a first sensing node to a second sensing node; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit the configuration information.42.The communication apparatus of claim 36, comprising:one or more processors configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35; andan interface circuit configured to perform a transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35.43.The communication apparatus of claim 42, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.44.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35.45.A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.46.The communication system of claim 44, wherein the communication system further comprisesone or more of:a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 21 to 31;a fourth communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 32 to 34; ora fifth communication apparatus configured to perform the method of claim 35.47.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35.48.A computer program product having instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 22, 23 to 31, 32 to 34, or 35.