Passive array antenna and wireless access device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Provided are a passive array antenna and a wireless access device. The passive array antenna comprises: a plurality of antenna units and a feed network, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array; and the feed network feeds the plurality of antenna units by means of staggered coupling, so that feed levels of the plurality of antenna units decrease from the center of the array to the periphery.

Description

Passive array antennas and wireless access devices

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411896840.0, filed on December 20, 2024, entitled "Passive Array Antenna and Wireless Access Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to a passive array antenna and a wireless access device, belonging to the field of communication technology. Background Technology

[0004] An array antenna is an antenna system composed of multiple identical antenna elements arranged in a certain pattern. Current array antennas use equal-amplitude excited array antennas. This type of equal-amplitude excited array antenna has the disadvantage of high sidelobe level, which can cause unwanted energy to overflow from the sidelobe, increasing the possibility of interference to the area covered by antennas of the same frequency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a passive array antenna and a wireless access device.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a passive array antenna, comprising:

[0007] Multiple antenna elements and a feed network;

[0008] Multiple antenna element arrays are arranged in this configuration;

[0009] The feeding network uses an interleaved coupling method to feed multiple antenna elements, so that the feed level of the multiple antenna elements decreases from the center of the array to the surrounding areas.

[0010] In some implementations, multiple antenna elements are divided into multiple groups, wherein the array center of the multiple antenna elements is a circle, the antenna elements that are equidistant from the circle center are in the same group, the antenna elements that are farther away from the circle center have a lower feed level, and the antenna elements in the same group have the same feed level.

[0011] In some implementations, multiple antenna elements are arranged in a 4×4 array, and the feed network includes: a first layer of signal sources and a second layer of signal sources;

[0012] The first layer of signal sources is used to feed the antenna elements in rows 1 and 4;

[0013] The second layer of signal sources is used to feed the antenna elements in the second and third rows;

[0014] The second-layer signal source feeds the antenna elements in rows 2 and 3 at a higher level than the first-layer signal source feeds the antenna elements in rows 1 and 4.

[0015] In some implementations, a first interleaved coupling structure is formed between the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source, wherein the first interleaved coupling structure is used to adjust the feed levels provided by the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source to the antenna element, respectively.

[0016] In some implementations, the feeding phase of the first layer signal source to the antenna element is opposite to the feeding phase of the second layer signal source to the antenna element in the same first interleaved coupling structure.

[0017] In some implementations, multiple antenna elements are arranged in a 4×4 array, and the feed network includes a third-layer signal source and a fourth-layer signal source.

[0018] The third layer of signal sources is used to feed the antenna elements in the second and third columns;

[0019] The fourth layer signal source is used to feed the antenna elements in the first and fourth columns;

[0020] Among them, the feed level of the third-layer signal source to the second and third column antenna elements is greater than the feed level of the fourth-layer signal source to the first and fourth column antenna elements.

[0021] In some implementations, a second interleaved coupling structure is formed between the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source, wherein the second interleaved coupling structure is used to adjust the feed level provided by the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source to the antenna element.

[0022] In some implementations, the feeding phase of the third-layer signal source to the antenna element is opposite to the feeding phase of the fourth-layer signal source to the antenna element in the same second interleaved coupling structure.

[0023] In some implementations, the multiple antenna elements are divided into three groups. The first group of antenna elements includes four antenna elements in the middle of the array. The second group of antenna elements includes eight antenna elements adjacent to the first group of antenna elements. The third group of antenna elements includes four antenna elements located at the four corners of the array. The feed level of the first group of antenna elements is greater than the feed level of the second group of antenna elements, and the feed level of the second group of antenna elements is greater than the feed level of the third group of antenna elements.

[0024] In some embodiments, the antenna element is a dual-polarized radiating antenna element, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction of the same antenna element are perpendicular, the first polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source, and the second polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the third layer signal source and the fourth layer signal source.

[0025] Secondly, this application also provides a wireless access device, including the passive array antenna of any one of the first aspects.

[0026] The passive array antenna provided in this application includes: multiple antenna elements and a feeding network; wherein, the multiple antenna elements are arranged in an array; the feeding network feeds the multiple antenna elements in an interleaved coupling manner, so that the feed level of the multiple antenna elements decreases from the center of the array to the periphery. This application uses an interleaved coupling method to feed the antenna elements, which enables the array antenna to be passive, thus facilitating the layout of the passive array antenna. Furthermore, the decreasing feed level of the multiple antenna elements from the center to the periphery results in high energy in the central region and low energy at the periphery, thereby achieving a low sidelobe effect for the passive array antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of passive array antennas according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the antenna element according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 is a performance diagram of the antenna unit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a passive array antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the passive array antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of signal source overlap according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the performance of the passive array antenna according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0041] In high-density scenarios like indoor venues, the limited number of devices a single access point (AP) can support necessitates increasing AP deployment density within a confined space (such as a venue) to accommodate a large number of users. This leads to overlapping coverage areas between APs. When the number of APs exceeds the total number of channels (e.g., 13), adding any new AP within the venue will result in it sharing the same channel with previously deployed APs. As the number of APs continues to increase, interference between them intensifies. Due to the height of venues and the high density of devices connected to a single AP, current venue solutions commonly use directional antennas to narrow the beam and reduce coverage. This ensures coverage in a small area while reducing interference between adjacent APs. However, because venues are typically high-altitude and the device density under an AP's antenna coverage is very high, the coverage area of ​​a single antenna is often limited to a fixed distance. Therefore, to further improve the anti-interference capability between APs and reduce the coverage area, array antennas are typically used to further narrow the beam. However, conventional constant-amplitude excitation arrays have the disadvantage of high sidelobe levels, which can cause unwanted energy to overflow from the sidelobes, increasing the possibility of interference to the area covered by antennas of the same frequency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can improve the directivity of the array antenna while suppressing the sidelobes to enhance the hardware anti-interference capability in high-density scenarios.

[0042] This application employs an interleaved coupling method to feed the antenna elements, achieving a passive array antenna and thus facilitating its layout. It also allows for arbitrary amplitude feeding of the antenna elements. Furthermore, the feed level of multiple antenna elements decreases from the center of the array outwards, resulting in high energy in the central region and low energy at the periphery, thereby achieving a low sidelobe effect in the passive array antenna.

[0043] The passive array antenna provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0044] Referring to Figures 1, 4, and 5, this application proposes a passive array antenna 10, which includes multiple antenna elements and a feeding network; wherein, the multiple antenna elements are arranged in an array; the feeding network feeds the multiple antenna elements in an interleaved coupling manner, so that the feeding level of the multiple antenna elements decreases from the center of the array to the periphery.

[0045] In one embodiment, the multiple antenna elements can be arranged in a planar array, wherein the planar array arrangement of the multiple antenna elements improves the antenna gain and directivity, meeting the needs of long-distance point-to-point communication.

[0046] Furthermore, interleaved coupling is a power supply network composed of signal sources in different layers. If the current or voltage of one layer of signal source changes, it will affect the current or voltage of another layer of signal source. The function of interleaved coupling is to transmit the electrical signal of one layer of signal source to another layer of signal source.

[0047] In this application, the antenna elements are fed by interleaved coupling, which can realize the passive nature of the array antenna and facilitate the layout of the passive array antenna. In addition, the feed level of multiple antenna elements decreases from the center of the array to the periphery, resulting in high energy in the central region and low energy in the periphery, thereby achieving the effect of low sidelobes of the passive array antenna.

[0048] Furthermore, the multiple antenna elements are divided into multiple groups, where the array center of the multiple antenna elements is the center of a circle, and the antenna elements that are equidistant from the center are in the same group. The antenna elements that are farther away from the center have a lower feed level, and the antenna elements in the same group have the same feed level.

[0049] For example, the feed level of the nearest antenna element is adjusted to 0dB, and the feed level decreases as the distance from the center increases. The minimum feed level can be set to a value between -10dB and -20dB, such as -13dB. In the embodiments of this application, the feed level can be adjusted as needed, and there is no limitation thereto.

[0050] In this embodiment, multiple antenna elements are arranged in an n×n array, where n is a positive integer. In this embodiment, n can be 4, 6, or 8. In this embodiment, the number and arrangement of antenna elements are not limited.

[0051] Furthermore, n is 4, and the multiple antenna elements are divided into three groups. The first group of antenna elements includes 4 antenna elements in the middle of the array, the second group of antenna elements includes 8 antenna elements adjacent to the first group of antenna elements, and the third group of antenna elements includes 4 antenna elements located at the four corners of the array. The feed level of the first group of antenna elements is greater than the feed level of the second group of antenna elements, and the feed level of the second group of antenna elements is greater than the feed level of the third group of antenna elements.

[0052] Referring to Figure 1, the array arrangement of multiple antenna elements of the passive array antenna is shown. In Figure 1, the passive array antenna 10 includes 16 antenna elements, namely antenna element 1 to antenna element 16, wherein the 16 antenna elements are arranged in a 4×4 manner.

[0053] In Figure 1, the first group of antenna elements includes antenna element 6, antenna element 7, antenna element 10, and antenna element 11. The second group of antenna elements includes antenna element 2, antenna element 3, antenna element 5, antenna element 8, antenna element 9, antenna element 12, antenna element 14, and antenna element 15. The third group of antenna elements includes antenna element 1, antenna element 4, antenna element 13, and antenna element 16.

[0054] The first group of antenna elements has a feed level of 0dB. The second group of antenna elements has a feed level between -4dB and -7dB, for example, -6dB. The third group of antenna elements has a feed level between -10dB and -15dB, for example, -13dB.

[0055] In one embodiment, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the plurality of antenna elements is 0.4 to 0.6 times the operating wavelength of the antenna element. For example, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements can be selected as 0.5 times the operating wavelength of the antenna element. The size of the spacing between adjacent antennas affects the performance of the array antenna. If the spacing is too large, it will result in high sidelobe energy; if the spacing is too small, it will cause severe mutual coupling between the antennas.

[0056] In this embodiment of the application, referring to FIG2, a schematic diagram of an antenna element is shown, wherein the antenna element includes: a radiating structure 11, a feeding structure 12, and a metal ground 13, wherein the radiating structure 11 and the metal ground 13 are connected and fixed through the dielectric substrate of the feeding structure 12 to achieve self-support. In this embodiment of the application, the antenna element can be selected with various performance characteristics as needed, and is not limited thereto.

[0057] Further, referring to Figure 3, the electrical performance diagram of the antenna element provided in this application is shown. In Figure 3, the horizontal axis represents frequency (Freq) in GHz, and the vertical axis represents scattering parameters (S Parameter). It can be seen that the antenna element can achieve dual-polarization and high-gain radiation at 5.15 GHz and 5.85 GHz.

[0058] It is understood that this application is based on array antenna theory and Taylor synthesis algorithm, which arranges multiple antenna elements in an n×n array, with the array center as the center and grouped according to the same radius. The antenna elements in the same group are equidistant from the center. In the array, the feed level decreases from the center to the surrounding areas, so that the energy is high in the central area and low in the surrounding areas, thereby achieving the effect of low sidelobes in passive array antenna, and also has high gain and high directivity.

[0059] Taylor synthesis is a method for designing antenna arrays, primarily used to implement low-sidelobe array antennas. It features controllable sidelobe levels, allowing precise control of sidelobe levels by adjusting relevant parameters. This application utilizes the Taylor synthesis algorithm to achieve a low-sidelobe effect in passive array antennas by decreasing the antenna feed level from the array center outwards.

[0060] In some embodiments, multiple antenna elements are arranged in a 4×4 array, and the feeding network includes: a first layer of signal sources and a second layer of signal sources; the first layer of signal sources is used to feed the antenna elements in the first and fourth rows; the second layer of signal sources is used to feed the antenna elements in the second and third rows; wherein the feeding level of the second layer of signal sources to the antenna elements in the second and third rows is greater than the feeding level of the first layer of signal sources to the antenna elements in the first and fourth rows.

[0061] In this embodiment, a first interleaved coupling structure is formed between the first-layer signal source and the second-layer signal source. This first interleaved coupling structure is used to adjust the feed level provided by the first-layer and second-layer signal sources to the antenna element. It can be understood that the first-layer signal source is supplied with an electrical signal by the signal source, and the second-layer signal source's electrical signal originates from the first-layer signal source. After entering the antenna element, the electrical signal is controlled by the first interleaved coupling structure to achieve the corresponding feed level for the antenna element.

[0062] Furthermore, the first-layer signal source and the second-layer signal source are alternately arranged to form a first interleaved coupling structure.

[0063] Referring to Figure 4, the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source constitute the first interleaved coupling structures a1 to a8. The first interleaved coupling structures adopt an alternating vertical coupling form. This application can control the output power of each port, i.e., control the feed level of the input antenna element, by adjusting the coupling interleaving ratio and / or coupling length of the first interleaved coupling structures. Simultaneously, a dual-polarization common-aperture design is adopted to achieve high-gain radiation with two orthogonal polarizations.

[0064] In Figure 4, a metal via is also provided between the adjacent first interleaved coupling structures of the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source of this application. The metal via can be used by the first layer signal source to transmit electrical signals to the second layer signal source.

[0065] Furthermore, the feeding phase of the first layer signal source to the antenna element is opposite to the feeding phase of the second layer signal source to the antenna element in the same first interleaved coupling structure.

[0066] Referring to Figure 4, in the first interleaved coupling structures a1 to a4, the feed phase of the first layer signal source to antenna elements 1 to 4 is 180°, and the feed phase of the second layer signal source to antenna elements 5 to 8 is 0°. In the first interleaved coupling structures a5 to a8, the feed phase of the first layer signal source to antenna elements 13 to 16 is 0°, and the feed phase of the second layer signal source to antenna elements 9 to 12 is 180°.

[0067] Having opposite power supply phases allows for better layout of the power supply network and reduces line losses. Furthermore, the power supply points in this application do not necessarily have to be opposite; this is not a limitation.

[0068] In this embodiment, the feed level from the second-layer signal source to the second row of antenna elements is greater than the feed level from the first-layer signal source to the first row of antenna elements. The feed level from the second-layer signal source to the third row of antenna elements is greater than the feed level from the first-layer signal source to the fourth row of antenna elements.

[0069] In addition, referring to Figure 4, the first layer signal source is connected to the load, and the size of the load can be adjusted according to the actual situation, such as 50Ω.

[0070] Furthermore, the feed level of the second-layer signal source to the corresponding antenna element and the feed level of the first-layer signal source to the corresponding antenna element can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling interleaving ratio and / or coupling length of the first interleaving coupling structure.

[0071] In one embodiment, multiple antenna elements are arranged in a 4×4 array, and the feeding network includes: a third-layer signal source and a fourth-layer signal source; the third-layer signal source is used to feed the second and third column antenna elements; the fourth-layer signal source is used to feed the first and fourth column antenna elements; wherein, the feeding level of the third-layer signal source to the second and third column antenna elements is greater than the feeding level of the fourth-layer signal source to the first and fourth column antenna elements.

[0072] Furthermore, a second interleaved coupling structure is formed between the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source. This second interleaved coupling structure is used to adjust the feed levels provided by the third-layer and fourth-layer signal sources to the antenna element. In this embodiment, the electrical signal of the third-layer signal source originates from the second-layer signal source, and the electrical signal of the fourth-layer signal source originates from the third-layer signal source. After entering the antenna element, the electrical signals are controlled by the second interleaved coupling structure to achieve the corresponding feed level for the antenna element. Specifically, the feed level provided by the third-layer signal source to the antenna element is greater than the feed level provided by the fourth-layer signal source, controlled by the second interleaved coupling structure.

[0073] In this embodiment, a second interleaved coupling structure is formed between the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source. Referring to FIG5, the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source have second interleaved coupling structures b1 to b8. The second interleaved coupling structure is a layered interleaved coupling structure composed of the third-layer and fourth-layer signal sources. By adjusting the coupling interleaving ratio and / or coupling length of this second interleaved coupling structure, the feed level of the antenna element can be adjusted, and a larger coupling amount can be achieved. Simultaneously, the coupling length can be adjusted to a smaller value, facilitating the layout of the feed network.

[0074] The coupling interleaving ratio refers to the proportion of the overlap width between signal sources to the linewidth of the signal sources. The coupling length refers to the overlap length between signal sources in the interleaved coupling structure. In this embodiment, the coupling interleaving ratio and coupling length of the interleaved coupling structure are determined through simulation technology. Under these ratios, a passive array antenna with decreasing feed levels from the center to the perimeter can be achieved. The coupling interleaving ratio and coupling length are then applied to a practical passive array antenna.

[0075] For example, referring to FIG5, in the second interleaved coupling structure b1, the overlap length of the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source is L. Referring to FIG6, which is an enlarged view of the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source, if the widths of the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source are the same, both D, and the overlap width of the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source in the second interleaved coupling structure is d, then the coupling interleaving ratio is d / D.

[0076] In Figure 5, a metal via is also provided between the adjacent second interleaved coupling structures of the third-layer signal source and the fourth-layer signal source of this application. The metal via is used to control the transmission of electrical signals from the third-layer signal source to the fourth-layer signal source.

[0077] Furthermore, the feeding phase of the third-layer signal source to the antenna element is opposite to the feeding phase of the fourth-layer signal source to the antenna element in the same second interleaved coupling structure.

[0078] Referring to Figure 5, in the second interleaved coupling structures b1 to b4, the feed phase of the fourth-layer signal source to the first column of antenna elements is 0°, and the feed phase of the third-layer signal source to the second column of antenna elements is 180°. In the second interleaved coupling structures b5 to b8, the feed phase of the third-layer signal source to the third column of antenna elements is 0°, and the feed phase of the fourth-layer signal source to the fourth column of antenna elements is 180°.

[0079] Having opposite power supply phases allows for better layout of the power supply network and reduces line losses. Furthermore, the power supply points in this application do not necessarily have to be opposite; this is not a limitation.

[0080] In this embodiment, the feed level from the third-layer signal source to the second-row antenna element is greater than the feed level from the fourth-layer signal source to the first-row antenna element. The feed level from the third-layer signal source to the third-row antenna element is greater than the feed level from the fourth-layer signal source to the fourth-row antenna element.

[0081] Furthermore, the feed level of the third-layer signal source to each antenna element and the feed level of the fourth-layer signal source to each antenna element can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling interleaving ratio and / or coupling length of the interleaving coupling structure.

[0082] In this embodiment, the coupling structure will bring about a 90-degree phase difference. This application can adjust the feeding phase of the interleaved coupling structure by adjusting the feeding polarization of the antenna element or adjusting the line length of the feeding network, so that the feeding phase of the same interleaved coupling structure is opposite, as shown in Figure 4. The arrow line indicates the polarization direction of the antenna element. By adjusting the polarization direction, unequal amplitude phase feeding can be flexibly achieved.

[0083] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the polarization direction of the antenna element, the line length of the feed network, the coupling crossover ratio of the cross-coupled structure, and the coupling length are all adjustable. This application can adjust these parameters to make the feed level of the antenna element reach the required value, thereby achieving the effect of low sidelobes of the passive array antenna.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, the antenna element is a dual-polarized radiating antenna element, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction of the same antenna element are perpendicular, the first polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source, and the second polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the third layer signal source and the fourth layer signal source.

[0085] Referring to Figure 4, the first layer signal source is used to feed the first and fourth rows of antenna elements in the first polarization direction X. The second layer signal source is used to feed the second and third rows of antenna elements in the first polarization direction X. The first polarization direction X of the first and fourth rows of antenna elements is the same, the first polarization direction X of the second and third rows of antenna elements is the same, and the first polarization direction X of the first row of antenna elements is opposite to that of the second row of antenna elements.

[0086] Referring to Figure 5, the third-layer signal source is used to feed the second and third column antenna elements in the second polarization direction. The fourth-layer signal source is used to feed the first and fourth column antenna elements in the second polarization direction. The second polarization direction is represented by Y. The second polarization direction Y of the second and third column antenna elements is the same, the second polarization direction Y of the first and fourth column antenna elements is the same, and the second polarization direction Y of the second column antenna elements is opposite to that of the first column antenna elements.

[0087] Furthermore, referring to Figures 1, 4, and 5, in the same antenna element, the first polarization direction X and the second polarization direction Y are perpendicular.

[0088] In this embodiment, the power supply network includes a first-layer signal source and a second-layer signal source, or the power supply network includes a third-layer signal source and a fourth-layer signal source, or the power supply network may include the first-layer signal source to the fourth-layer signal source. Wherein, when the power supply network includes the first-layer signal source to the fourth-layer signal source, there is no coupling between the second-layer signal source and the third-layer signal source.

[0089] In summary, the feeding network allows the feed level to gradually decrease from the center region to the periphery of the passive array antenna, resulting in higher energy in the center and lower energy at the periphery, thus achieving a low sidelobe effect for the passive array antenna. Furthermore, this application employs an interleaved coupling method to feed the antenna elements, enabling passive feeding of the passive array antenna.

[0090] Referring to Figure 5, the fourth layer signal source is connected to the load, and the load size can be adjusted according to the actual situation, such as 50Ω.

[0091] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned feeding network, the embodiments of this application can obtain a passive array antenna with a high main-to-subsidiary ratio. Referring to FIG7, the radiation pattern of the passive array antenna of this application achieving a high main-to-subsidiary ratio is shown. The passive array antenna provided by this application can achieve a maximum gain of 15.9 dB and a minimum gain of -32.7 dB. The maximum gain is mainly concentrated in the 0° direction, that is, the passive array antenna of this application has a low sidelobe effect.

[0092] In summary, this application can also be applied to passive array antennas of any amplitude, such as 6×6 and 8×8 passive array antennas. In particular, for passive array antennas of different amplitudes, the number of signal source layers can be adjusted as needed, which will not be described in detail here.

[0093] This application enables flexible adjustment of the feed level, achieving a high master-slave ratio for passive array antennas. The passive array antenna provided by this application can be used for dense wireless deployment in stadiums and similar venues.

[0094] Furthermore, this application also provides a wireless access device, which includes any of the passive array antennas described above. The passive array antenna provided in this application has a high main-to-sub-ant ratio, thus enabling better coverage of the wireless access device within a designated area, improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless access device, and making it suitable for high-density scenarios in venues.

[0095] Furthermore, this application also provides a point-to-point bridge, which includes any of the passive array antennas mentioned above. The point-to-point bridge provided by this application can reduce interference between multiple bridges at a single site, and can also reduce interference from the bridge to other devices.

[0096] It is understood that this application can be applied to any electronic device that requires an antenna, and this application does not limit the electronic device.

[0097] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A passive array antenna, wherein, The application relates to an antenna device. The antenna device comprises: a plurality of antenna units and a feed network; wherein the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array; 2. The passive array antenna of claim 1, wherein, the feed network feeds the plurality of antenna units in a staggered coupling mode, so that the feed levels of the plurality of antenna units decrease from the center of the array to the periphery.

3. The passive array antenna of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of antenna units are divided into a plurality of groups, wherein the center of the array of the plurality of antenna units is a circle center, the antenna units with the same distance from the circle center belong to the same group, the feed level of the antenna units farther from the circle center is smaller, and the feed levels of the antenna units in the same group are the same.

4. The passive array antenna of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of antenna units are arranged in an n*n array, wherein n is a positive integer.

5. The passive array antenna of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of antenna units are arranged in a 4*4 array, and the plurality of antenna units are divided into three groups, wherein the first group of antenna units comprises four antenna units in the middle of the array, the second group of antenna units comprises eight antenna units adjacent to the first group of antenna units, and the third group of antenna units comprises four antenna units at four corners of the array, the feed level of the first group of antenna units is greater than that of the second group of antenna units, and the feed level of the second group of antenna units is greater than that of the third group of antenna units. The plurality of antenna units are arranged in a 4*4 array, and the feed network comprises a first layer of signal sources and a second layer of signal sources, and the first layer of signal sources and the second layer of signal sources are arranged in a staggered mode. The first layer of signal sources is used for feeding the first row and the fourth row of antenna units. The second layer of signal sources is used for feeding the second row and the third row of antenna units.

6. The passive array antenna of claim 5, wherein, The feed level of the second layer of signal sources to the second row and the third row of antenna units is greater than the feed level of the first layer of signal sources to the first row and the fourth row of antenna units.

7. The passive array antenna of claim 6, wherein, The first layer of signal sources and the second layer of signal sources form a first staggered coupling structure, wherein the first staggered coupling structure is used for adjusting the feed levels provided by the first layer of signal sources and the second layer of signal sources to the antenna units.

8. The passive array antenna of claim 6, wherein, The first staggered coupling structure adopts an up-down staggered coupling form.

9. The passive array antenna of any of claims 5-8, wherein, Metal vias are further arranged between adjacent first staggered coupling structures of the first layer of signal sources and the second layer of signal sources, and the metal vias are used for transmitting electrical signals from the first layer of signal sources to the second layer of signal sources.

10. The passive array antenna of any of claims 5 to 9, wherein, The feed phase of the first layer of signal sources to the antenna units is opposite to the feed phase of the second layer of signal sources to the antenna units in the same first staggered coupling structure. The plurality of antenna units are arranged in a 4*4 array, and the feed network further comprises a third layer of signal sources and a fourth layer of signal sources, and the third layer of signal sources and the fourth layer of signal sources are arranged in a staggered mode. The third layer of signal sources is used for feeding the second column and the third column of antenna units. The fourth layer of signal sources is used for feeding the first column and the fourth column of antenna units. The feed level of the third layer of signal sources to the second column and the third column of antenna units is greater than the feed level of the fourth layer of signal sources to the first column and the fourth column of antenna units.

11. The passive array antenna of claim 10, wherein, A second interleaved coupling structure is formed between the third layer signal source and the fourth layer signal source, wherein the second interleaved coupling structure is used to adjust the feed level provided by the third layer signal source and the fourth layer signal source to the antenna element.

12. The passive array antenna of claim 10, wherein, The feed phase of the third layer signal source to the antenna element is opposite to the feed phase of the fourth layer signal source to the antenna element in the same second interleaved coupling structure.

13. The passive array antenna of any of claims 10-12, wherein, There is no coupling between the second layer signal source and the third layer signal source.

14. The passive array antenna of any of claims 10-13, wherein, The first layer signal source and / or the fourth layer signal source is connected to a load.

15. The passive array antenna of claim 14, wherein, The load is 50 ohms.

16. The passive array antenna of any of claims 6-14, wherein, The feed level of the antenna element is adjusted by adjusting the coupling interleaving ratio and / or the coupling length of the interleaved coupling structure.

17. The passive array antenna of any of claims 10-16, wherein, The antenna element is a dual-polarized radiation antenna element, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction of the same antenna element are perpendicular, the first polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the first layer signal source and the second layer signal source, and the second polarization direction of the antenna element fed by the third layer signal source and the fourth layer signal source.

18. The passive array antenna of any of claims 1-17, wherein, The spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the plurality of antenna elements is 0.4 to 0.6 times the operating wavelength of the antenna element.

19. The passive array antenna of any of claims 1-18, wherein, The antenna element comprises a radiation structure, a feed structure and a metal ground, the feed structure comprises a dielectric substrate, and the radiation structure and the metal ground are connected and fixed through the dielectric substrate of the feed structure.

20. A radio access equipment, wherein, Comprise: The passive array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 19. The passive array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

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