Method for determining at least one physical variable of a flowing gas, in particular the mass flow of hydrogen, and filling station, in particular hydrogen filling station
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
Smart Images
Figure EP2025084954_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] R. 417324
[0002] - 1 -
[0003] Description
[0004] title
[0005] Method for determining at least one physical quantity of a flowing gas, in particular the mass flow of hydrogen, as well as filling station, in particular hydrogen filling station
[0006] State of the art
[0007] With the expected increase in the importance of gaseous fuels, especially hydrogen, for powering vehicles, the importance of methods for determining at least one physical quantity of a flowing gas, especially a mass flow of gaseous hydrogen, also increases, so that, for example, the mass of fuel added during refueling of vehicles can be precisely determined and the devices used for refueling are as calibrated as possible.
[0008] From WO 2023 / 232554 A1, a method for measuring the mass flow rate of a gaseous medium, in particular gaseous H2, in a flow path with a first measuring point and a second measuring point is known, comprising the following process steps: The first measuring point and the second measuring point are arranged at a distance from each other along the flow path, the first measuring point and the second measuring point being connected to each other by the flow path. The molar concentration of the mass flow rate is measured at the first measuring point in a first flow cross-section of the flow path. The molar concentration of the mass flow rate is measured at the second measuring point in a second flow cross-section of the flow path. The mass flow rate is determined by comparing the measurements at the first measuring point and the second measuring point according to the mass flow rate measurements at R. 417324.
[0009] - 2 - at the first measuring point and at the second measuring point. Measurements are taken at the first measuring point and at the second measuring point using the respective measuring devices for determining Raman scattered light.
[0010] Disclosure of the invention
[0011] The invention is based on the observation that the known method is comparatively complex, as it involves the use of two measuring devices to determine Raman scattered light.
[0012] According to the invention, a method for determining at least one physical quantity of a flowing gas, in particular flowing hydrogen, is therefore proposed, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
[0013] - Receiving data representing the intensity of Raman scattered light resulting from the inelastic interaction of the flowing gas with laser light;
[0014] - Receiving data representing the absolute pressure (hereinafter also: pressure) of the flowing gas;
[0015] - Determining at least one physical quantity of the flowing gas based on the intensity of the Raman scattered light and the absolute pressure of the flowing gas.
[0016] The method proposed here is simpler than the method known from the above-mentioned prior art, as it only requires a single Raman spectrometer.
[0017] The flowing gas can be any gas or gas mixture, but in particular a gas consisting entirely or predominantly of one type of molecule or a gas mixture whose composition or purity is known in advance. For example, it can be hydrogen supplied at filling stations for powering vehicles and preferably meeting given purity requirements, such as the requirements of standard ISO 14687:2019. The hydrogen, which is colorless in itself, can be, for example, green hydrogen, which, according to the type and circumstances of its production, is related to R. 417324.
[0018] - 3 -
[0019] expresses itself.
[0020] The intensity of Raman scattered light can refer to the total optical power reaching an optical detector of a Raman spectrometer. Alternatively, it can refer to a spectral component of the Raman scattered light reaching an optical detector. For example, the intensity of Raman scattered light can be determined based on the height of a line in a Raman spectrum, such as a line that can be attributed to the inelastic interaction of laser light with hydrogen.
[0021] The physical quantity, or quantities, in question could be the density of the flowing gas. For example, the density of the flowing gas can be calculated from the intensity of the Raman scattered light using calibration.
[0022] The physical quantity, or quantities, in question could be the temperature of the flowing gas. This can be determined, for example, using a gas law that relates volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of substance (in particular, using the ideal gas law: pV = nRT or the van der Waals equation: (p+(an))). 2 / (V 2 ))(V-nb)=nRT; where p is the pressure, nA / the density, T the temperature of the flowing gas, and R a constant, and a and b are material-dependent quantities) the temperature of the flowing gas can be deduced from its density and pressure. It is also possible, particularly with calibration, to directly determine the temperature of the flowing gas from the intensity of the Raman scattered light and the pressure.
[0023] The invention may also provide for the measurement of a quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas or the reception of data representing such a quantity.
[0024] There are a variety of measurement methods that can quantify a quantity relating to the flow of a flowing gas, for example:
[0025] - Differential pressure measurement: In this method, the pressure difference across R. 417324
[0026] - 4 - a flow constriction was measured. The pressure difference depends on the flow rate of the gas.
[0027] - Thermal flow measurement: This method is based on measuring the heat transfer between a heated sensor and the flowing gas. The heat transfer depends on the flow rate of the gas.
[0028] - Coriolis flow measurement: This method uses the principle of vibration measurement to determine the flow rate of, for example, a gas. A tube is used, which is set into vibration as the gas flows through it. The vibrations can be generated by an excitation mechanism such as a piezoelectric transducer. As the medium flows through the tube, the tube's vibration is influenced. This vibration causes a phase shift between the two ends of the tube. This phase shift is measured, for example, by sensors attached to the tube. The measured phase shift depends on the flow rate of the gas flowing through the tube.
[0029] - Acoustic flow measurement or ultrasonic flow measurement: In these methods, sound or ultrasonic waves are passed through the gas and the time of flight of the waves is used to determine the flow of the gas.
[0030] - Vortex flow measurement: This method is based on the generation of vortices in the flowing gas. The frequency of vortex formation depends on the gas flow rate.
[0031] - Turbine flow measurement: In this method, the flowing gas is passed, for example, through a pipe containing a turbine. The turbine is driven by the gas flow, and the turbine's rotational speed is measured to determine the flow rate.
[0032] - Inertial flow measurement: This method uses the inertia of the flowing gas to measure the flow rate. A sensor measures the change in the gas flow velocity, and the flow rate is derived from this.
[0033] - Ionization flow measurement: This method is based on measuring the electrical conductivity of the flowing gas, which changes depending on the flow rate or flow velocity. R. 417324
[0034] - 5 -
[0035] The methods mentioned have in common that the flux determined by them is not yet identical to the mass flow rate of the flowing gas, but depends not only on the mass flow rate but also on other quantities, for example the density, pressure and / or temperature of the flowing gas or on quantities that may in turn be correlated with these quantities.
[0036] For this reason, a further development of the invention consists in the fact that at least one physical quantity of the flowing gas is the mass flow of the flowing gas or comprises the mass flow of the flowing gas, wherein the mass flow of the flowing gas is determined on the basis of the intensity of the Raman scattered light, the absolute pressure of the flowing gas and the quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas.
[0037] The mass flow rate of the flowing gas can be determined directly from the aforementioned quantities, possibly based on a calibration. However, it is also possible to first determine the temperature and / or density of the flowing gas, for example as described above, and then use at least one of these quantities to deduce the mass flow rate from it, the quantity relating to the flow rate of the flowing gas, and, if applicable, the absolute pressure of the flowing gas.
[0038] The quantity relating to the flow of the gas can be the differential pressure across a Venturi tube through which the gas flows. A Venturi tube is a tube with a first section having a first inner diameter and a second section with a second inner diameter that differs from the first. For example, the first inner diameter could be 14 mm and the second inner diameter 6 mm, with the tube wall inclined at 21° to the tube axis at the transition between the first and second diameters. The differential pressure can then be measured between the first and second sections.
[0039] The differential pressure is not identical to the mass flow rate of the flowing R. 417324
[0040] - 6 -
[0041] The mass flow rate of the gas depends not only on the mass flow rate but also on other quantities, such as the pressure, density, and / or temperature of the flowing gas, or on quantities that may be correlated with these quantities, particularly the intensity of the Raman scattered light. Conversely, the mass flow rate of the flowing gas can be determined from the differential pressure, the pressure, and one of the other quantities mentioned above.
[0042] Alternatively, the quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas can be a flow quantity determined using a Coriolis measuring arrangement.
[0043] The flux quantity determined using the Coriolis measuring setup is not identical to the mass flow rate of the flowing gas, but depends not only on the mass flow rate but also on other quantities, such as the pressure, density, and / or temperature of the flowing gas, or on quantities that may in turn be correlated with these quantities, in particular the intensity of the Raman scattered light. Conversely, the mass flow rate of the flowing gas can be determined from the flux quantity determined using the Coriolis measuring setup, the pressure, and one of the other quantities mentioned above.
[0044] Based on time-resolved knowledge of the mass flow rate of the flowing gas, the mass of gas that has flowed over a given period can be determined. The corresponding procedure involves determining the mass of the flowing gas between a first and a subsequent second time by continuously or repeatedly measuring the mass flow rate between these two points and integrating or summing the measured values. For example, 100 mass flow rate values per second can be determined during the period.
[0045] The invention also relates to an evaluation unit configured to perform the aforementioned data processing steps. The evaluation unit may further be configured to perform additional data processing steps and control steps disclosed in the present application. R. 417324
[0046] - 7 -
[0047] The invention also relates to a measuring device for a filling station, in particular for a hydrogen filling station, wherein the filling station comprises a gas tank for storing gas, in particular hydrogen, and a gas line that connects the gas tank to a dispensing tap of the hydrogen filling station and through which the gas can flow, wherein the measuring device comprises the evaluation unit described above and a pressure sensor for measuring the absolute pressure of the gas in the gas tank or in the gas line, and a Raman spectrometer for determining an intensity of Raman scattered light resulting from the inelastic interaction of the gas in the gas tank or in the gas line with laser light, and a flow sensor for measuring a quantity relating to a flow of the flowing gas.
[0048] The measuring device can, for example, be designed to be integrated into a gas station. This gas station is also an object of the present invention.
[0049] For example, it could be a filling station that, in addition to the measuring device, includes a gas tank for storing gas, particularly hydrogen, and a gas line connecting the gas tank to a filling station nozzle and through which the gas can flow. The measuring device, or at least its sensory components (e.g., Raman spectrometer, pressure sensor, flow sensor), could be located, for example, in the nozzle, the gas line, and / or the gas tank. The flow sensor could be, for example, one of the sensors described above, such as a Venturi tube with a differential pressure sensor or a Coriolis flow sensor.
[0050] The invention also relates to a method for refueling a vehicle with gas, in particular with hydrogen, comprising the following steps:
[0051] - Providing a filling station, as explained above, and a vehicle with a vehicle fuel tank,
[0052] - Fluidic connection of the petrol station nozzle to the vehicle tank,
[0053] - Enabling a flow of gas from the gas station's gas tank into the vehicle's tank through the gas line and nozzle during a refueling period that begins at a start time and ends at an end time, R. 417324
[0054] - 8 - wherein during the tank duration the pressure sensor provides data representing the absolute pressure of the flowing gas; the Raman spectrometer provides data representing the intensity of Raman scattered light resulting from the inelastic interaction of the flowing gas with laser light; and the flow sensor provides data representing a quantity relating to a flow of the flowing gas,
[0055] - Determining the mass of gas supplied, in particular the mass of hydrogen, as described above, wherein the first time point is given by the start time and the second time point is given by the end time and wherein the mass of gas supplied is given by the mass of the flowing gas between the first time point and the second time point.
[0056] The refueling process may include a fluidic separation of the fuel pump nozzle from the vehicle's fuel tank and / or the visualization of the dispensed gas mass on a display at the fuel station. For example, the dispensed gas mass in kilograms could be displayed on a numerical display at the fuel station.
[0057] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:
[0058] Figure 1 schematically shows a hydrogen filling station,
[0059] Figure 2 schematically shows a Raman spectrometer,
[0060] Figure 3 schematically shows a Venturi tube,
[0061] Figure 4 Flowchart of a method according to the invention.
[0062] Figure 1 shows schematically and by way of example a hydrogen filling station 10 for refueling a vehicle 11 with gaseous hydrogen.
[0063] The hydrogen filling station 10 in this example comprises an underground gas tank 12 for storing hydrogen, an underground cooling unit 13 for cooling hydrogen after it has been drawn from the gas tank 12, and a dispensing pump 14, which is mounted above ground on a base 15. R. 417324
[0064] - 9 -
[0065] The fuel dispenser 14 incorporates at least a partially integrated gas line 23, which conveys gas from the cooling unit 13 to a dispensing nozzle 25 and includes a flexible hose 24, at the end of which the dispensing nozzle 25 is attached, away from the fuel dispenser 14. During refueling, the dispensing nozzle 25 can be connected in a fluidically tight manner to a vehicle tank 26 of the vehicle 11.
[0066] The gas line 23 further includes a flow sensor 27, for example a Coriolis flow sensor or a Venturi tube 27a, see for example below and Figure 3.
[0067] The gas line 23 further includes a pressure sensor 28 for sensing the absolute pressure p of the hydrogen in the gas line 23. This can, for example, be a piezoresistive pressure sensor 28 that communicates with the gas line 23 via a capillary tube. The pressure sensor 28 can, for example, have a measuring range up to 1250 bar.
[0068] Gas pipeline 23 also includes a Raman spectrometer 30 for sensing the intensity <D von Ramanstreulicht 34, siehe beispielsweise auch unten und Figur 2.
[0069] The fuel dispenser 14 also contains a thermometer 29 for measuring the ambient temperature, an evaluation unit 60 for processing data and controlling components, and a numerical display 65 for displaying the mass of hydrogen dispensed (m). g in kilograms and, if applicable, other data relating to the refueling process.
[0070] The filling station shown, for example, may be designed to dispense hydrogen, which may have the following properties upon dispensing:
[0071] - Mass flow: 0 to 60 g / s,
[0072] - Volume flow: 0 to 410 l / min,
[0073] - Refueling pressure: 1 bar - 700 bar,
[0074] - Refueling temperature: -40°C to +85°C.
[0075] The filling station shown, for example, can be designed to dispense at a minimum of 5 liters of hydrogen, with the output R. 417324.
[0076] - 10 -
[0077] to determine the hydrogen mass more accurately than with a 1% deviation.
[0078] The petrol station shown, for example, may comply with the ISO 19880-1:2020 standard.
[0079] Figure 2 schematically and by way of example shows a Raman spectrometer 30 as it can be used in connection with the present invention. It can, for example, be integrated into the filling station shown in Figure 1.
[0080] A Raman spectrometer 30 includes a high-power laser diode 16 for emitting laser light 31, which can have a central wavelength of 450 nm in this example. The optical power of the emission from the high-power laser diode 16 can be, for example, more than 0.1 W, ranging from 0.1 W to 10 W.
[0081] The high-power laser diode 16 emits spatially divergent laser light 31. The spatial properties divergence and beam diameter of the laser light 31 typically differ in two beam profile directions perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser light 31, which can be compensated for by suitable cylindrical optics, which will not be discussed further here.
[0082] The Raman spectrometer 30 has a measuring chamber 20 through which the gas 22, here hydrogen, flows perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
[0083] The Raman spectrometer 30 has first focusing means 18 for focusing the laser light 31 into the measuring chamber 20. The first focusing means 18 include, for example, a first optic 18.1 that transforms the divergent beam into a collimated beam, which has, for example, an approximately round or approximately square beam profile. The first optic 18.1 of the first focusing means 18 can, for example, include the cylindrical optic mentioned above.
[0084] The first focusing means 18 include, for example, a second optic 18.2, which transforms the collimated beam into a convergent beam that is focused in the measuring chamber 20. The second optic 18.2 can be R. 417324
[0085] - 11 - for example, it could be a spherical plano- or biconvex lens.
[0086] In the collimated beam, i.e., between the first optic 18.1 and the second optic 18.2 of the first focusing device 18, a short-pass filter 19 is arranged in the beam path in this example. The short-pass filter 19 has a cutoff wavelength of 454 nm in this example.
[0087] In the measuring chamber 20, Raman scattering 34 is generated by the inelastic interaction of the hydrogen molecules with the focused laser light 31. This Raman scattering has characteristic wavelengths that are, for example, longer than those of the actual laser light. Furthermore, the laser light 31 is also elastically scattered by the molecules of the gas 22. The laser radiation 31 deflected in this way has the same wavelength as the incident laser light 31 and is called Rayleigh scattering 37. The Rayleigh scattering 37 is spatially superimposed on the Raman scattering 34 in the measuring chamber 20 and at the exit from the measuring chamber 20.
[0088] The part of the laser light 31 that is not deflected by interaction with the hydrogen molecules is absorbed in the example in a beam absorber 32, which is arranged behind the measuring chamber 20 in the direction of propagation of the laser light 31.
[0089] The Raman spectrometer 30 comprises a detector 70 capable of quantitatively, spectrally, and dynamically analyzing incident light. For example, it includes a grating spectrometer and a detector, such as a CCD, CMOS, SPAD, or similar type. Starting from the wavelength of the high-power laser diode, a wavelength range of, for example, 300 to 5300 cm⁻¹ can be achieved. -1 can be detected. In the case of hydrogen, for example, at least the main peak can be detected at 4150 cm. -1 to be recorded and optionally also the secondary peaks between 300 and 1300 cm -1 be recorded and taken into account.
[0090] The Raman spectrometer 30 further comprises second focusing means 21 for imaging Raman scattered light 34 generated in the measuring chamber 20 into the spectrally resolving detector 70. For example, the second focusing means 21 comprise a first optic 21.1 located in the measuring chamber 20. R. 417324
[0091] - 12 - the resulting Raman scattered light 34 is collimated, and a second optic 21.2 transforms the collimated light into a convergent beam and images it onto the detector 70. The first and second optics 21.1, 21.2 of the second focusing means 21 can each be, for example, a spherical plano- or biconvex lens.
[0092] In the collimated beam, i.e. between the first optics 21.1 and the second optics 21.2 of the second focusing means 21, a long-pass filter 45 is arranged in the beam path in the example.
[0093] The Raman spectrometer can be calibrated once at a known gas concentration and temperature. Due to the physically inherent linearity of the Raman effect, a so-called one-point calibration is sufficient. For example, before integrating the Raman spectrometer into the filling station, measurements of the Raman spectrum, temperature, and pressure of pure hydrogen or, optionally, forming gas (96% nitrogen and 4% hydrogen) can be taken with the gas at rest or flowing. Calibration within the filling station is then no longer necessary.
[0094] Figure 3 schematically and exemplarily shows a Venturi tube 27a. It is a tube through which a gas 22 (here hydrogen) flows. In connection with the present invention, it can, for example, be part of the gas line 23.
[0095] The Venturi tube 27a has a first section A1 with a first inner diameter D1 and a second section A2 with a second inner diameter D2 that differs from the first inner diameter D1. For example, the first inner diameter D1 can be 14 mm and the second inner diameter D26 mm, and the tube wall can be inclined at 21° to the tube axis at a transition between the first inner diameter D1 and the second inner diameter D2. A differential pressure dp can then be measured between the first section A1 and the second section A2 using a differential pressure sensor 75.
[0096] The differential pressure sensor 75, for example, is designed for use with an R. 417324
[0097] - 13 -
[0098] Absolute pressure up to 900 bar and differential pressures up to 500 bar can be measured.
[0099] In the example, a pressure sensor 28 for measuring the absolute pressure p of the flowing hydrogen is also provided in the area of the Venturi tube 27a.
[0100] Figure 4 shows an exemplary flowchart of a method according to the invention for refueling a vehicle 11 with gas 22, here with hydrogen. It comprises the process steps V1 to V11.
[0101] V1: Provision of a filling station 10 as described above with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
[0102] V2: Deploying a vehicle 11 with a vehicle tank 26.
[0103] V3: Fluidic connection of the nozzle 25 of the filling station 10 to the vehicle tank 26. From this point on, the nozzle 25 of the filling station can communicate with the vehicle 11 via appropriate communication receivers and transmitters, for example using a protocol according to the SAE J2799 standard, by transmitting data. For example, the vehicle 11 can transmit the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in the vehicle tank 26, so that the filling station 10 can subsequently carry out the refueling process quickly and safely.
[0104] V4: Enabling a gas flow from the gas tank 12 of the filling station 10 into the vehicle tank 26 through the gas line 23 and the nozzle 25, during a refueling period that begins at a start time and ends at an end time, for example by opening and closing valves of the filling station 10 and / or the vehicle tank 26 of the vehicle 11. Between the start time and the end time, all properties of the flowing gas, such as temperature T, pressure p, mass flow rate (<|), and so on, can undergo dynamic changes.
[0105] During the tanking period, the process steps V5 to V9 are carried out continuously: V5: Measuring an absolute pressure p in the gas line 23 by the pressure sensor 28 and transmitting data representing the absolute pressure p of the flowing gas 22 to the evaluation unit 60.
[0106] V6: Measuring intensity <D von Ramanstreulicht 31 , das aus der inelastischen Wechselwirkung des strömenden Gases 22 mit Laserlicht 31 resultiert, mit einem Ramanspektrometer und übermitteln von Daten die die Intensität <D des R. 417324
[0107] - 14 -
[0108] Raman scattered light 31 represents the evaluation unit 60.
[0109] V7: Measuring a quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas <|)', here the differential pressure dp, with the Venturi tube 27a, which was described above with reference to Figure 3, and transmitting data representing the quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas <|)', here the differential pressure dp, to the evaluation unit 60.
[0110] V8: Determining the current mass flow rate (<|) of the flowing hydrogen by the evaluation unit 60 from the received data. For example, the standard DIN EN ISO 5167-1:2023-08 can be considered. V9: Continued integration or summation of the current mass flow rates (t|>) to obtain the total mass of hydrogen already pumped.
[0111] Following the refueling period, the process steps V10 and V11 are provided in the example:
[0112] V10: Fluidic separation of the nozzle 25 of the filling station 10 from the vehicle tank 26.
[0113] V11: Visualizing the mass of gas pumped (m) g on a display at the gas station 10 and, if applicable, sending the mass of gas pumped (m) g to a remote recipient, for example via communication equipment at gas station 10.
Claims
R. 417324 - 15 - Claims 1. Method for determining at least one physical quantity of a flowing gas (22), in particular flowing hydrogen, wherein the method comprises the following steps: - Receiving data that measures the intensity ( <D) von Ramanstreulicht (30) repräsentieren, das aus der inelastischen Wechselwirkung des strömenden Gases (22) mit Laserlicht (31) resultiert; - Receiving data representing the absolute pressure (p) of the flowing gas; - Determining at least one physical quantity of the flowing gas based on its intensity ( <D) des Ramanstreulichts (31) und des Absolutdrucks (p) des strömenden Gases (22).
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one physical quantity of the flowing gas comprises or is the density (p) of the flowing gas (22) and / or the temperature (T) of the flowing gas.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following step: - Receiving data that represents a quantity relating to the flow of the gas (<|>').
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the at least one physical quantity of the flowing gas (22) is the mass flow rate (<|>) of the flowing gas (22) or comprises the mass flow rate (<|>) of the flowing gas (22), wherein the mass flow rate (<|>) of the flowing gas (22) is based on the intensity ( <D) des Ramanstreulichts (31), des Absolutdrucks (p) des strömenden Gases (22) und der den Fluss des strömenden Gases betreffenden Größe (<|> ') is determined.
5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas (22) (<|>') is a differential pressure (Ap) at one of R. 417324 - 16 - the venturi tube (27a) through which the flowing gas flows.
6. Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the quantity relating to the flow of the flowing gas (<|>') is a flow quantity determined by a Coriolis measuring arrangement.
7. A method according to any one of claims 4, 5 or 6, wherein the method comprises the following step: - Determining a mass (m) of the flowing gas between a first time (t1) and a subsequent second time (t2) by continuously or repeatedly measuring the mass flow (<|>) between the first time (t1) and the second time (t2) and integrating or summing the measured values of the mass flow (<|>).
8. Evaluation unit (60) configured to perform the method according to one of the preceding claims.
9. Measuring device (80) for a filling station (10), in particular for a hydrogen filling station, wherein the filling station (10) comprises a gas tank (12) for storing gas (22), in particular hydrogen, and a gas line (23) that connects the gas tank (12) to a dispensing tap (25) of the hydrogen filling station (10) and through which the gas (22) can flow, wherein the measuring device comprises an evaluation unit (60) according to claim 8 and a pressure sensor (28) for measuring the absolute pressure (p) of the gas (22) in the gas tank (12) or in the gas line (23) and a Raman spectrometer (30) for determining an intensity ( <D) von Ramanstreulicht (31), das aus der inelastischen Wechselwirkung des Gases (22) in dem Gastank (12) oder in der Gasleitung (23) mit Laserlicht (31) resultiert, umfasst und einen Flusssensor (27) zur Messung einer einen Fluss des strömenden Gases betreffenden Größe (<|> ') includes.
10. Measuring device (80) according to claim 9, wherein the flow sensor (27) is a Venturi tube (27a) having a differential pressure sensor (75). R. 417324 - 17 - 11. Measuring device (80) according to claim 9, wherein the flow sensor (27) is a Coriolis flow sensor.
12. Filling station (10), in particular hydrogen filling station, wherein the filling station (10) comprises a gas tank (12) for storing gas (22), in particular hydrogen, and a gas line (23) that connects the gas tank (12) to a tap (25) of the filling station (10) and through which the gas (22) can flow, and wherein the filling station (10) comprises a measuring device (80) according to claim 9, 10 or 11.
13. Method for refueling a vehicle (11) with gas (22), in particular with hydrogen, comprising the following steps: - Providing a filling station (10) according to claim 12 and a vehicle (11) with a vehicle tank (26), - Fluidic connection of the fuel dispenser (25) of the filling station (10) with the vehicle tank (26), - Enabling a gas flow from the gas tank (12) of the filling station (10) into the vehicle tank (26) through the gas line (23) and the nozzle (25) during a refueling period that begins at a start time and ends at an end time, wherein during the refueling period the pressure sensor (28) provides data representing the absolute pressure (p) of the flowing gas (22); the Raman spectrometer (30) provides data representing the intensity ( <D) von Ramanstreulicht (34) repräsentieren, das aus der inelastischen Wechselwirkung des strömenden Gases (22) mit Laserlicht (31) resultiert; und der Flusssensor (27) Daten bereitstellt, die eine einen Fluss des strömenden Gases betreffende Größe ((^repräsentieren, - Determining the mass of gas added (m³) g), in particular hydrogen mass, by the method according to claim 7, wherein the first time point (t1) is given by the start time and the second time point (t2) is given by the end time and wherein the refueled gas mass (m g ) is given by the mass (m) of the flowing gas (22) between the first time (t1) and the second time (t2).
14. Method for refueling a vehicle with gas (22), in particular with hydrogen, according to claim 13, wherein the method provides after the second time point: R. 417324 - 18 - - Fluidic separation of the nozzle (25) of the filling station (10) from the vehicle tank (26).
15. Method for refueling a vehicle with gas, in particular with hydrogen, according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the method according to the Determining the mass of gas taken on board (m³) g ) provides: - Visualizing the mass of gas delivered (m³) g) on a display (65) of the petrol station (10).