Steam supply apparatus, water electrolysis system including same, and steam supply method

Abstract

A stream supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a steam supply source which supplies steam; a main tank which stores steam supplied from the steam supply source and supplies the stored steam to an electrolytic hot box including a stack that electrolyzes the steam; an auxiliary tank which is provided separately from the main tank and has a pair of bypass valves for bypassing and storing steam supplied from the steam supply source; and a flow rate control valve which is provided on the main line between the main tank and the electrolytic hot box to control the flow rate of steam supplied from the main tank to the electrolytic hot box, wherein the pair of bypass valves may include: a first bypass valve provided on a first bypass line that is branched from the main line between the steam supply source and the main tank and is connected to the auxiliary tank; and a second bypass valve provided on a second bypass line that is branched from the main line between the main tank and the flow rate control valve and is connected to the auxiliary tank.

Description

Steam supply device, water electrolysis system including the same, and steam supply method

[0001] The present application relates to a steam supply device, a water electrolysis system including the same, and a steam supply method.

[0002] A water electrolysis system is a system that separates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water. In such conventional water electrolysis systems, the steam supplied to the stack is produced by directly boiling ultrapure water or by utilizing byproduct steam generated from other processes; therefore, the quantity and quality of the supplied steam may not be consistent.

[0003] In addition, when producing hydrogen by applying power to a water electrolysis system, if steam is not supplied sufficiently, the electrolysis efficiency of the system decreases, leading to reduced hydrogen production performance. Furthermore, if the electrolyte or other chemicals are not maintained at appropriate levels, the deterioration of the system is accelerated, which can shorten the system's lifespan. Therefore, to prevent these problems, it is very important to manage the system to ensure that the steam supply is maintained consistently and sufficiently.

[0004] The matters described above as background technology are intended only to enhance understanding of the background of the present invention and should not be construed as an acknowledgment that they constitute prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0005] (Patent Document 1) Published Patent 10-2022-0051044 ("Bidirectional water electrolysis system for stable operation of a system using steam", Publication Date: April 26, 2022)

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a steam supply device, a water electrolysis system including the same, and a steam supply method are provided, which can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of a water electrolysis system.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a steam supply device is provided, comprising: a steam source for supplying steam; a main tank for storing steam supplied from the steam source and supplying the stored steam to an electrolytic hot box—the electrolytic hot box having a stack for electrolyzing the steam—a secondary tank separately provided from the main tank and having a pair of bypass valves for bypassing and storing steam supplied from the steam source; and a flow control valve provided in a main line between the main tank and the electrolytic hot box for controlling the flow rate of steam supplied from the main tank to the electrolytic hot box, wherein the pair of bypass valves comprises: a first bypass valve provided in a first bypass line branched from the main line between the steam source and the main tank and connected to the secondary tank; and a second bypass valve provided in a second bypass line branched from the main line between the main tank and the flow control valve and connected to the secondary tank.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first check valve further provided in the first bypass line; and a second check valve further provided in the second bypass line may be further included.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary tank may further be provided with a vent valve that opens when the internal pressure is above a preset reference pressure, thereby preventing the internal pressure from exceeding the reference pressure.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrolytic hot box having a stack for electrolyzing steam; and a steam supply device described in any one of claims 1 to 3 for supplying steam to the electrolytic hot box; a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box; a voltage sensor for measuring at least one of the stack voltages of the stack provided in the electrolytic hot box; and a control device for controlling at least one of the flow control valve and the pair of bypass valves based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to determine an excess steam supply or a shortage steam supply based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to determine that there is an excess of steam supply if the measured flow rate of the steam is greater than or equal to the upper limit of a preset target flow rate—the target flow rate includes a lower limit and an upper limit.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to open both the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve when the steam supply is excessive, and then supply a flow rate within a target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the flow rate control valve.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to determine that there is a steam supply shortage if the measured steam flow rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of a preset target flow rate—the target flow rate includes a lower limit and an upper limit—and the magnitude of the pulsation of the stack voltage is greater than or equal to a preset value.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to supply a flow rate within a target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve after closing the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve in the event of a steam supply shortage.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device may be configured to increase the amount of steam generated by gradually increasing the output of the heating means within the steam source in the event of a steam supply shortage.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a steam supply method for a water electrolysis system is provided, comprising: a first step of measuring at least one of a steam flow rate supplied to an electrolytic hot box equipped with a stack for electrolyzing steam and a stack voltage of the stack equipped in the electrolytic hot box; and a second step of controlling at least one of a flow control valve—the flow control valve is provided in a main line between a main tank and the electrolytic hot box—and a pair of bypass valves—the pair of bypass valves are provided separately from the main tank and are provided in an auxiliary tank that bypasses and stores steam supplied from a steam source—based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the flow rate of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box and the stack voltage of the stack provided in the electrolytic hot box is measured, and at least one of a flow control valve and a pair of bypass valves is controlled based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage to precisely control the amount of steam supplied, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and stability of the water electrolysis system.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating a water electrolysis system including a steam supply device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the pulsation of the stack voltage in the case of steam supply shortage according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a steam supply method for a water electrolysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computing device that can implement a control device according to one embodiment of the present invention, wholly or partially.

[0023] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following detailed description is provided to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, this is merely illustrative and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0024] In describing the embodiments of the present invention, detailed descriptions of known technologies related to the present invention are omitted if it is determined that such descriptions might unnecessarily obscure the essence of the invention. Furthermore, the terms described below are defined in consideration of their functions within the present invention, and these definitions may vary depending on the intentions or practices of the user or operator. Therefore, such definitions should be based on the content throughout this specification. Terms used in the detailed description are intended merely to describe the embodiments of the present invention and should not be limiting in any way. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, expressions in the singular form include the meaning of the plural form. In this description, expressions such as "include" or "comprise" are intended to refer to certain characteristics, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts thereof, or combinations thereof, and should not be interpreted to exclude the existence or possibility of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts thereof, or combinations thereof other than those described.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating a water electrolysis system including a steam supply device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] First, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the water electrolysis system (1) may include a steam supply device (100), an electrolytic hot box (10) equipped with a stack (11), a voltage sensor (150), and a control device (160).

[0027] First, the steam supply device (100) may include a steam source (110), a main tank (121), an auxiliary tank (122), a flow control valve (130), and a flow meter (140).

[0028] Specifically, the steam source (110) generates steam by heating water using a heating means (111) such as a heater, and can supply the generated steam through the main line (ML).

[0029] A main tank (121) may be provided in the main line (ML), and the main tank (121) may store steam supplied from a steam source (110) and supply the stored steam to an electrolytic hot box (10).

[0030] Meanwhile, an auxiliary tank (122) may be provided separately from the main tank (121), and the auxiliary tank (122) may store steam supplied from the steam source (110) by bypassing it. This auxiliary tank (122) may be equipped with a pair of bypass valves (BV1, BV2) and a pair of check valves (CV1, CV2).

[0031] Here, a pair of bypass valves (BV1, BV2) may include a first bypass valve (BV1) provided in a first bypass line (BPL1) that branches off from a main line (ML) between a steam source (110) and a main tank (121) and connects to an auxiliary tank (122), and a second bypass valve (BV2) provided in a second bypass line (BPL2) that branches off from a main line (ML) between a main tank (121) and a flow control valve (130) and connects to an auxiliary tank (122).

[0032] Here, the first bypass valve (BV1) is opened and closed by a control signal (S1), and the second bypass valve (BV2) can be opened and closed by a control signal (S2).

[0033] Additionally, a pair of check valves (CV1, CV2) may include a first check valve (CV1) provided in a first bypass line (BPL1) and a second check valve (CV2) provided in a second bypass line (BPL2).

[0034] Meanwhile, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary tank (122) may further be provided with a vent valve (122a) that opens when the internal pressure is above a preset reference pressure, thereby preventing the internal pressure from exceeding the reference pressure.

[0035] And, a flow control valve (130) is provided in the main line (ML) between the main tank (112) and the electrolytic hot box (10), and can control the flow rate of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box (10) according to a control signal (S3).

[0036] The flow meter (140) can measure the flow rate of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box (10), and the measured flow rate (Q) can be transmitted to the control device (160).

[0037] Meanwhile, the electrolytic hot box (10) can produce hydrogen by electrolyzing steam through the stack (11).

[0038] The voltage sensor (150) can measure the stack voltage (VS) provided in the electrolytic hot box (10), and the measured voltage (VS) can be transmitted to the control device (160).

[0039] Meanwhile, the control device (160) can control the flow rate of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box (10). This control device (160) may include an input unit (161), a control unit (162), and a storage unit (163). The above-described control unit (162) may be implemented by one or more processors.

[0040] The input unit (161) receives the flow rate (Q) of steam supplied to the electrolytic hot box (10) measured using a flow meter (140) and the stack voltage (VS) of the stack (11) equipped in the electrolytic hot box (10) measured using a voltage sensor (150), and transmits this to the control unit (162).

[0041] The control unit (162) can control at least one of the flow control valve (130) and a pair of bypass valves (BPV1, BP2) based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate (Q) and the measured stack voltage (VS).

[0042] Specifically, the control unit (162) can determine whether there is an excess steam supply or a shortage of steam supply based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate (Q) and the measured stack voltage (VS).

[0043] For example, the control unit (162) may determine that there is an oversupply of steam if the measured steam flow rate (Q) is greater than or equal to the upper limit of a preset target flow rate. Here, the target flow rate may include a lower limit and an upper limit, which is intended to prevent frequent opening and closing of the flow rate control valve (130) and a pair of bypass valves (BPV1, BP2). It should be noted that the above-mentioned lower limit and upper limit can be appropriately set according to the needs of a person skilled in the art, and that the present invention is not limited to specific numerical values.

[0044] When it is determined that there is an excessive steam supply, the control unit (162) opens both the first bypass valve (BPV1) and the second bypass valve (BPV2) through control signals (S1, S2), and then controls the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve (130) through control signal (S3), thereby supplying a flow rate within the target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box (10).

[0045] On the other hand, the control unit (162) can determine that there is a steam supply shortage if the measured steam flow rate (Q) is below the lower limit of a preset target flow rate and the magnitude of the pulsation of the stack voltage (VS) is greater than or equal to a preset value. Apart from an oversupply of steam, in the case of a steam supply shortage, the accuracy of the flow rate measured by the flow meter (140) may decrease. To compensate for this, when determining a steam supply shortage, the magnitude of the pulsation of the stack voltage (VS) may be additionally considered.

[0046] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the pulsation of the stack voltage in the case of steam supply shortage according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the event of a steam supply shortage, pulsations in the stack voltage may occur. Accordingly, if the magnitude (FV) of the stack voltage pulsation is greater than or equal to a preset value, it can be determined that there is a steam supply shortage. Here, it should be noted that the preset value can be appropriately set according to the needs of a person skilled in the art, and the present invention is not limited to a specific numerical value.

[0048] If it is determined that there is a shortage of steam supply, the control unit (162) closes the first bypass valve (BPV1) and the second bypass valve (BPV2), and then controls the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve (130), thereby supplying a flow rate within the target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box (10).

[0049] Meanwhile, in the case of a steam supply shortage, the steam supply shortage may not be resolved even with the above method. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit (162) can increase the amount of steam generated by increasing the output amount of the heating means (111) in the steam supply source (110) in steps (e.g., 1%).

[0050] Meanwhile, the storage unit (163) can store programs and various data for implementing various operations of the control unit (162) described above.

[0051] As described above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the steam flow rate supplied to the electrolytic hot box and the stack voltage of the stack provided in the electrolytic hot box is measured, and at least one of the flow control valve and a pair of bypass valves is controlled based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage to precisely control the amount of steam supplied, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and stability of the water electrolysis system.

[0052] Meanwhile, FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a steam supply method for a water electrolysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Hereinafter, a steam supply method for a water electrolysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

[0054] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a steam supply method (S310) of a water electrolysis system according to one embodiment of the present invention may be initiated by the step of measuring the flow rate (Q) of steam supplied to an electrolytic hot box (10) and the stack voltage (VS) of a stack (11) provided in the electrolytic hot box (10) (S311).

[0055] Afterwards, the control device (160) can control at least one of the flow control valve (130) and a pair of bypass valves (BPV1, BP2) based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate (Q) and the measured stack voltage (VS) (S312).

[0056] Specifically, the control device (160) can determine whether there is an excess steam supply or a shortage of steam supply based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate (Q) and the measured stack voltage (VS).

[0057] For example, the control device (160) may determine that there is an oversupply of steam if the measured steam flow rate (Q) is greater than or equal to the upper limit of a preset target flow rate. Here, the target flow rate may include a lower limit and an upper limit, which is to prevent frequent opening and closing of the flow control valve (130) and a pair of bypass valves (BPV1, BP2).

[0058] If it is determined that there is an excessive steam supply, the control device (160) opens both the first bypass valve (BPV1) and the second bypass valve (BPV2) through control signals (S1, S2), and then controls the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve (130) through control signal (S3), thereby supplying a flow rate within the target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box (10).

[0059] On the other hand, the control device (160) can determine that there is a steam supply shortage if the measured steam flow rate (Q) is below the lower limit of the preset target flow rate and the magnitude of the pulsation of the stack voltage (VS) is greater than or equal to the preset value.

[0060] If it is determined that there is a shortage of steam supply, the control device (160) closes the first bypass valve (BPV1) and the second bypass valve (BPV2), and then controls the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve (130), thereby supplying a flow rate within the target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box (10).

[0061] Meanwhile, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device (160) can increase the amount of steam generated by increasing the output amount of the heating means (111) in the steam source (110) in steps (e.g., 1%) as described above.

[0062] As described above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the steam flow rate supplied to the electrolytic hot box and the stack voltage of the stack provided in the electrolytic hot box is measured, and at least one of the flow control valve and a pair of bypass valves is controlled based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage to precisely control the amount of steam supplied, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and stability of the water electrolysis system.

[0063] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computing device that can implement a control device according to one embodiment of the present invention, wholly or partially.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the computing device (400) includes at least one processor (401), a computer-readable storage medium (402), and a communication bus (403).

[0065] The processor (401) can cause the computing device (400) to operate according to the exemplary embodiment described above. For example, the processor (401) can execute one or more programs stored in a computer-readable storage medium (402). The one or more programs may include one or more computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions may be configured to cause the computing device (400) to perform operations according to the exemplary embodiment when executed by the processor (401).

[0066] A computer-readable storage medium (402) is configured to store computer-executable instructions or program code, program data and / or other suitable forms of information. A program (402a) stored in the computer-readable storage medium (402) includes a set of instructions executable by a processor (401). In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium (402) may be memory (volatile memory such as random access memory, non-volatile memory, or a suitable combination thereof), one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, other forms of storage media that are accessed by a computing device (400) and capable of storing desired information, or a suitable combination thereof.

[0067] The communication bus (403) interconnects various other components of the computing device (400), including the processor (401) and the computer-readable storage medium (402).

[0068] The computing device (400) may also include one or more input / output interfaces (405) and one or more network communication interfaces (906) that provide interfaces for one or more input / output devices (404). The input / output interfaces (405) and network communication interfaces (906) are connected to a communication bus (403). The network may be any one of a cellular network, such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), Time Division-CDMA (TD-CDMA), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), LTE (Long Term Evolution), or other cellular networks.

[0069] An input / output device (404) may be connected to other components of a computing device (400) through an input / output interface (405). An exemplary input / output device (404) may include input devices such as a pointing device (such as a mouse or trackpad), a keyboard, a touch input device (such as a touchpad or touchscreen), a voice or sound input device, various types of sensor devices and / or imaging devices, and / or output devices such as a display device, a printer, a speaker and / or a network card. An exemplary input / output device (404) may be included inside the computing device (400) as a component constituting the computing device (400), or it may be connected to the computing device (400) as a separate device distinct from the computing device (400).

[0070] Meanwhile, embodiments of the present invention may include a program for performing the methods described herein on a computer, and a computer-readable recording medium containing said program. The computer-readable recording medium may include program instructions, local data files, local data structures, etc., either alone or in combination. The medium may be one specifically designed and configured for the present invention, or one that is commonly available in the field of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes; optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Examples of said programs may include machine code, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0071] Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims set forth below as well as equivalents thereof.

[0072] (Explanation of symbols)

[0073] 1: Water electrolysis system

[0074] 10: Jeonhae Hot Box

[0075] 11: Stack

[0076] 100: Steam supply unit

[0077] 110: Steam source

[0078] 111: Heating means

[0079] 121: Main Tank

[0080] 122: Auxiliary Tank

[0081] 122a: Vent valve

[0082] 130: Flow control valve

[0083] 140: Flow meter

[0084] 150: Voltage sensor

[0085] 160: Control unit

[0086] 161: Input section

[0087] 162: Control unit

[0088] 163: Storage section

[0089] 400: Block diagram of a computing device capable of wholly or partially implementing a control device according to one embodiment of the present invention

[0090] 401: Processor

[0091] 402: Computer-readable storage media

[0092] 402a: program

[0093] 403: Communications bus

[0094] 404: I / O device

[0095] 405: Input / Output Interface

[0096] 406: Network communication interface

[0097] Q: Measured flow rate

[0098] VS: Measured stack voltage

[0099] S1 to S4: Control signals

[0100] ML: Main Line

[0101] BPL1: 1st Bypass Line

[0102] BPL2: 2nd Bypass Line

[0103] CV1: First check valve

[0104] CV2: Second check valve

Claims

1. A steam source that supplies steam; A main tank that stores steam supplied from the above steam source and supplies the stored steam to an electrolytic hot box - the electrolytic hot box is equipped with a stack that electrolyzes the steam; An auxiliary tank equipped with a pair of bypass valves, provided separately from the main tank and storing steam supplied from the steam source by bypassing it; and It includes a flow control valve provided in the main line between the main tank and the electrolytic hot box to control the flow rate of steam supplied from the main tank to the electrolytic hot box, and The above pair of bypass valves, A first bypass valve provided in a first bypass line branched from the main line between the steam source and the main tank and connected to the auxiliary tank; and A steam supply device comprising a second bypass valve provided in a second bypass line that branches off from the main line between the main tank and the flow control valve and is connected to the auxiliary tank.

2. In Paragraph 1, A first check valve further provided in the first bypass line; and A steam supply device further comprising a second check valve further provided in the second bypass line.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above auxiliary tank is, A steam supply device further comprising a vent valve that opens when the internal pressure is above a preset reference pressure, thereby preventing the internal pressure from exceeding the reference pressure.

4. Electrolytic hot box equipped with a stack for electrolyzing steam; A steam supply device described in any one of claims 1 to 3 for supplying the steam to the above electrolytic hot box; A flow meter for measuring the flow rate of steam supplied to the above electrolytic hot box; A voltage sensor for measuring at least one of the stack voltages of the stack provided in the electrolytic hot box; and A water electrolysis system comprising a control device that controls the flow control valve and at least one of the pair of bypass valves based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

5. In Paragraph 4, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to determine an excess steam supply or a shortage steam supply based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

6. In Paragraph 5, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to determine that there is an excess of steam supply if the measured steam flow rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit of a preset target flow rate—the target flow rate includes a lower limit and an upper limit.

7. In Paragraph 6, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to supply a flow rate within a target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve after opening both the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve in the event of an excessive steam supply.

8. In Paragraph 5, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to determine that there is a steam supply shortage if the measured steam flow rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of a preset target flow rate—the target flow rate includes a lower limit and an upper limit—and the magnitude of the stack voltage pulsation is greater than or equal to a preset value.

9. In Paragraph 8, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to supply a flow rate within a target flow rate range to the electrolytic hot box by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the flow control valve after closing the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve in the event of a steam supply shortage.

10. In Paragraph 9, The above control device is, A water electrolysis system configured to increase the amount of steam generated by gradually increasing the output of a heating means within the steam source in the event of a shortage of steam supply.

11. A first step of measuring at least one of the flow rate of steam supplied to an electrolytic hot box equipped with a stack for electrolyzing steam and the stack voltage of the stack equipped in the electrolytic hot box; and A method for supplying steam to a water electrolysis system, comprising a second step of controlling at least one of a flow control valve—the flow control valve being provided in a main line between a main tank and an electrolytic hot box—and a pair of bypass valves—the pair of bypass valves being provided separately from the main tank and in an auxiliary tank that stores steam supplied from a steam source by bypassing it—based on at least one of the measured steam flow rate and the measured stack voltage.

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