Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising a reception unit that receives a paging message on a first carrier or a second carrier in an idle state, and a control unit that controls execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier on the basis of the paging message, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate for initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from search candidates for the initial access. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, power consumption of a network can be appropriately reduced.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher data rates, lower latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Further, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving even larger capacities and higher performance of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 5G-A(advanced), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] In NR, a cell periodically transmits a signal for connection to the cell. A terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) receives the signal and connects to the cell based on the signal.

[0006] In future wireless communication systems, reducing network power consumption is being considered. However, the methods for transmitting / notifying signals for cell connectivity have not been adequately considered in order to reduce power consumption. If these methods are not appropriate, the effectiveness of power reduction and communication performance may be suppressed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that appropriately reduce the power consumption of a network.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes, in an idle state, a receiving unit that receives paging messages on a first carrier or a second carrier, and a control unit that controls the execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the paging messages, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate at the time of initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from the search candidates at the time of initial access.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, network power consumption can be appropriately reduced.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 2 shows an example of UE operation according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 shows an example of UE operation according to the second embodiment. Figure 4 shows an example of UE operation according to the third embodiment. Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Initial Access Procedure) In the initial access procedure for NR, the UE (RRC_IDLE mode) receives the SS / PBCH block (SSB), sends Msg1 (PRACH / Random Access Preamble / Preamble), receives Msg2 (PDCCH, PDSCH including Random Access Response (RAR)), sends Msg3 (PUSCH scheduled by the RAR UL grant), and receives Msg4 (PDCCH, PDSCH including UE contention resolution identity). Subsequently, when the UE sends an ACK for Msg4 by the base station (network), the RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode).

[0012] SSB reception includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection, and PBCH reception. PSS detection involves detecting a portion of the physical cell ID (PCI), detecting (synchronizing) OFDM symbol timing, and (coarse) frequency synchronization. SSS detection includes detecting the physical cell ID. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detecting a portion of the SSB index within a half-radio frame (5ms). PBCH reception includes detecting the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), receiving configuration information for receiving remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1), and determining whether a UE can camp in that cell (carrier).

[0013] SSB has a bandwidth of 20 RB and a duration of 4 symbols. The transmission period for SSB can be set from {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. Within a half frame, multiple symbol positions for SSB are defined based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2).

[0014] A PBCH has a 56-bit payload. N repetitions of the PBCH are transmitted within an 80ms period. N depends on the SSB transmission period.

[0015] System information consists of MIB (Monitoring Information Box) carried by PBCH, RMSI (SIB1), and other system information (OSI). SIB1 contains information for RACH configuration and RA procedures. The time / frequency resource relationship between the SSB and the PDCCH monitoring resource for SIB1 is set by PBCH.

[0016] A base station using beam correspondence transmits multiple SSBs using multiple beams for each SSB transmission cycle. Each of the multiple SSBs has multiple SSB indices. When a UE detects one SSB, it transmits a PRACH in the PRACH occasion (RACH occasion, RO) associated with that SSB index and receives a RAR in the RAR window.

[0017] (Examples of carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0018] For scalable networks, it is desirable that the basic design of a 6G system be applicable not only to use cases within the 6G system but also to potential new use cases that may arise later. This is because it will be beneficial and practical for features that are expected to be released in the future.

[0019] For easily operable networks, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0020] For sustainable and fast-recovering networks, significant cost and energy consumption reductions are desirable for both the network side and the terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)). Furthermore, improved fault tolerance and rapid recovery capabilities against all kinds of events (e.g., operational errors, high traffic, disasters, etc.) are also desirable.

[0021] The following describes an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system, with reference to Figure 1.

[0022] The UE may monitor multiple frequencies (for example, which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect a first carrier (for example, which may be called a perch carrier).

[0023] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (which may be called a first synchronous operation) and receive / retrieve information (e.g., system information).

[0024] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0025] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0026] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0027] Figure 1 shows the low-frequency band (coverage band) and the high-frequency band (capacity band). In the example shown in Figure 1, after the UE is powered on, the UE performs a cell search using the monitoring frequency. Next, the monitoring frequency resource detected by the UE becomes the perch carrier (first carrier), and the perch carrier receives information about the anchor carrier (second carrier). The UE performs initial access (IA) using at least one of the perch carrier and the anchor carrier. From the cell search to the completion of IA, the UE is in idle mode.

[0028] After initial access is complete, the UE enters RRC connection (CONNECTED) mode. The UE receives information about the data carrier (third carrier) on the anchor carrier. The UE performs additional synchronization on the anchor carrier. The UE transmits / receives data on the data carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0029] In the example shown in Figure 1, if the UE returns to idle mode / inactive mode, RRC reconnection may be performed using LP-WUS / WUR and at least one of mobility operations.

[0030] In the example shown in Figure 1, carriers other than the perch carrier may be on-demand carriers (i.e., carriers that are not always on) from the viewpoint of reducing network energy. For example, at least one of the second carrier (anchor carrier) and the third carrier (data carrier) may support on-demand transmission / setting, where transmission is controlled based on a wake-up signal / trigger signal, while the first carrier (perch carrier) may not support on-demand transmission / setting.

[0031] For example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a second carrier received on the first carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the second carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal. In another example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a third carrier received on the second carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the third carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal.

[0032] In the example shown in Figure 1, the UE may obtain a first synchronization (or information about the first synchronization) on the first carrier and a second synchronization (or information about the second synchronization) on the second carrier. In this case, the UE may perform transmission and reception on the first carrier (or transmission and reception on the first carrier and transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier) based on the first synchronization, and perform transmission and reception on the second and third carriers (or transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier and transmission and reception on the third carrier) based on the second synchronization.

[0033] <Monitoring Frequency / Synchronization Raster> The monitoring frequency / synchronization raster may indicate the frequency position of the synchronization signal block (SSB) that the UE can use to acquire the system.

[0034] In existing NRs (e.g., up to Rel. 18), the frequency position (center frequency) of the synchronization signal block is expressed as N * 1200 kHz + M * 50 kHz (where N is an integer from 1 to 2499, and M is 1, 3, or 5) for frequencies from 0 to 3000 MHz (Frequency Range (FR) 1), and as 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz (where N is an integer from 0 to 14756) for frequencies above 3000 MHz (FR 2).

[0035] Furthermore, during initial access to an existing NR, the order in which the UE searches for synchronized rasters depends on the UE implementation. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is defined, and the GSCN range is notified to the UE. This GSCN is represented as 3N + (M - 3) / 2 in FR1 and as 7499 + N in FR2.

[0036] In this disclosure, the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be more limited (e.g., smaller) than that of existing NRs. In other words, the frequency spacing of the monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be wider than that of existing NRs.

[0037] For example, the location of a synchronization raster may be defined based on its relationship to information relating to a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band index). The UE may monitor or search for the location of a synchronization raster associated with a frequency band index. Alternatively, the UE may assume that the location of a synchronization raster is associated with a frequency band index, and may monitor or search for synchronization rasters based on that assumption.

[0038] For example, the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined may be limited. A UE may monitor or search for the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined among the bandwidths supported by the UE. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined in only a specific bandwidth among the bandwidths supported by the UE, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0039] For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined only at specific frequency positions. For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined within X Hz (where X is any number) from the lower limit of that bandwidth. A UE may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster at (only) the specific frequency positions in which it is defined for each of the bandwidths it supports. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined only at (only) specific frequency positions in a given bandwidth, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0040] According to this, the time required for cell search per frequency (i.e., the period of the synchronization signal block per frequency) can be extended, NW energy reduction can be achieved, and the time required for initial access can be shortened.

[0041] The resource of the monitoring frequency detected by the UE may correspond to a potential partial carrier (first carrier).

[0042] <Partial Carrier> The first carrier may be a carrier common to a plurality of UEs.

[0043] The first carrier may be a common carrier regardless of, for example, use case / service / device type.

[0044] In the first carrier, a common signal (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may be transmitted. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) may not be assumed. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of information related to a specific UE or a specific UE group (e.g., information other than information related to the second carrier) may not be assumed.

[0045] The first carrier (the signal transmitted therein) may always be maintained in an on state.

[0046] The signal transmitted in the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may include information about an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0047] The first carrier may be a frequency lower than a specific value (e.g., 800 MHz).

[0048] The first carrier may correspond to one (base station) beam.

[0049] The UE may perform a first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean a first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations.

[0050] The first carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0051] By defining and utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to achieving a scalable network.

[0052] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for network connection / control.

[0053] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service. A UE may determine which second carrier is compatible with its device based on information obtained from the first carrier.

[0054] In the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0055] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0056] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0057] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0058] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0059] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). Alternatively, the second carrier may be configured as a carrier that overlaps the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0060] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0061] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0062] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data.

[0063] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0064] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0065] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0066] The third career may include the first career.

[0067] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0068] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0069] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0070] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0071] (Analysis) As mentioned above, the motivations for introducing the first (perch) carrier can be considered as follows: - Reduced complexity. The complexity of searching in initial access is reduced by limiting the synchronous raster position [only in the first carrier]. - Energy saving. By separating the initial access function, the period of reference signal (RS) / system information (SI) in the anchor carrier becomes longer. There are no always-on signals (transmitted periodically, always on) in the data carrier. - Efficient installation in IoT operations. Bottlenecks in lower-performance devices are eliminated by defining a unified framework from low-end to advanced devices. - Scalability for future high-performance devices. Scalability in real-world environments is optimized by separating the second carrier for [new] high-performance devices.

[0072] In particular, one method for reducing network energy saving (NES) and user energy consumption is to reduce the various signals that the network must constantly transmit (always-on signaling (AOS)).

[0073] When reducing network power consumption based on solutions and implementations of existing systems (e.g., up to NR Rel. 18), depending on the method, connectivity may become impossible or performance may degrade. For example, reducing continuously transmitted signals may degrade communication performance.

[0074] Therefore, in future wireless communication systems (for example, Rel. 21 and later / 6G systems), it is being considered to introduce a first (perch) carrier and a second (anchor) carrier, and to concentrate AOS on the first carrier in order to reduce AOS.

[0075] However, the detailed behavior of the UE in such cases (for example, the UE behavior in the idle / inactive state and at least one of the UE behavior in the [RRC] connected state) has not been sufficiently examined.

[0076] If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to achieve proper connection operation, and advanced services beyond 5G NR (especially reducing NW( / UE) power consumption) may not be realized.

[0077] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a set of rules / operations to solve this problem.

[0078] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0079] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0080] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0081] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0082] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0083] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0084] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0085] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, layer (L)1 / L2 signaling, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0086] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0087] In this disclosure, signals, channels, information, information elements, parameters, data, messages, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0088] In this disclosure, carrier, frequency carrier, component carrier (CC), frequency, band, frequency band, raster, synchronous raster, cell, channel, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0089] In this disclosure, "perch" and "1" may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, "anchor" and "2" may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, "data" and "3" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0090] In this disclosure, search, monitor, receive, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0091] In this disclosure, master information, system information, master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB), SIB1, SIBx (where x is any number), synchronization signal, synchronization signal block (SSB), broadcast information, broadcast channel, SS / PBCH block, information for cell connection / initial access, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0092] In this disclosure, the initial access procedure and the RACH procedure may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the initial access procedure and the RACH procedure may mean the initial access procedure and the RACH procedure from start to finish.

[0093] In this disclosure, continuously transmitted signals, periodically transmitted signals, always-on signals, and always-on signaling (AOS), etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0094] (Wireless communication method) The UE may search for only the first (perch) carrier during initial access / cell (re)selection.

[0095] The first carrier may be specified in advance by the specifications, or it may be arbitrarily set / determined based on the implementation of the operator / service provider / Mobile Network Operator (MNO).

[0096] Hereinafter, in this disclosure, the second (anchor) carrier may or may not include a third (data) carrier. In other words, the second carrier may be at least one of the anchor carrier and the data carrier.

[0097] The UE may exclude the second carrier from the search candidates during initial access.

[0098] The first carrier and the second carrier may overlap in at least part of the frequency domain.

[0099] For example, some of the resources / frequencies (frequency-division / time-division resources / frequencies) among the frequency / band / component carriers set / defined as the first carrier may be set / defined as the second carrier.

[0100] The second carrier may be specified in advance by the specifications, or it may be arbitrarily set / determined based on the implementation of the operator / service provider / MNO.

[0101] In this disclosure, the terms idle state / mode and inactive state / mode may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the inactive state / mode may be included within the idle state / mode. In this disclosure, states and modes may be interpreted interchangeably or omitted.

[0102] The UE may receive paging [messages] on the first carrier or the second carrier (or its cell) (when idle / in mode).

[0103] The UE may, based on the paging message, control at least one of the following actions to a first carrier or a second carrier (or its cell): sending a PRACH and executing a RACH procedure (at the time of communication initiation / initial access / cell (re)selection).

[0104] For example, the following UE operations may be defined: • Operation 1: The UE receives a paging [message] on the second carrier (when idle / in mode) and performs at least one of the following to the second carrier (cell) (when communication is initiated / initial access / cell (re)selection): sending a PRACH and executing a RACH procedure. • Operation 2: The UE receives a paging [message] on the first carrier (when idle / in mode) and performs at least one of the following to the second carrier (cell) (when communication is initiated / initial access / cell (re)selection): sending a PRACH and executing a RACH procedure. • Operation 3: The UE receives a paging [message] on the first carrier (when idle / in mode) and performs at least one of the following to the first carrier (cell) (when communication is initiated / initial access / cell (re)selection): sending a PRACH and executing a RACH procedure.

[0105] In this disclosure, one first / second carrier may correspond to one cell or to multiple cells. Also, in this disclosure, multiple first / second carriers may correspond to one cell or to multiple cells.

[0106] In this disclosure, the UE may simultaneously receive paging [messages] on multiple first / second carriers. The UE may also simultaneously transmit PRACH to multiple first / second carriers and perform at least one of the RACH procedure.

[0107] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to the above operation 1.

[0108] The network does not need to transmit at least one of the AOS and AOS-related information corresponding to the second carrier to the second carrier.

[0109] The UE may search for only the first carrier during initial access / cell (re)selection.

[0110] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS corresponding to the first carrier to the first carrier.

[0111] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS to the second carrier on the first carrier.

[0112] At least one of the AOS and AOS-related information transmitted by the first carrier may include information for connecting to the second carrier.

[0113] For example, the information for connecting to a second carrier may be at least one of the following: • Information regarding the synchronization signal / SSB on the second carrier, and information related to said synchronization signal / SSB. • Information regarding the master information / MIB on the second carrier, and information related to said master information / MIB. • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1). • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx (where x is a number greater than or equal to 2)) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx).

[0114] The UE may always or sequentially perform the following operations 1-1 to 1-3 when it is idle or inactive.

[0115] <<Action 1-1>> The UE may select a first carrier (when idle / inactive).

[0116] In selecting a first carrier, the UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific first carrier.

[0117] The specific first carrier may, for example, be the first carrier with the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0118] <<Operation 1-2>> The UE may select a second carrier based on the information transmitted on the first carrier which is selected / decided.

[0119] UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific second career in the selection of a second career.

[0120] The specific second carrier may, for example, be the second carrier that provides the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0121] <<Operation 1-3>> After the selection of the second carrier, the UE may camp on the selected / determined second carrier while in an idle / inactive state.

[0122] The UE may monitor the pacing opportunities in the second career that is selected / decided.

[0123] If a paging signal is generated while the UE is in an idle / inactive state, the UE may receive the paging signal on the second carrier in which it is located.

[0124] The UE may perform operation 1-4 after performing operation 1-3 described above.

[0125] <<Operation 1-4>> The UE may perform at least one of the following to a second carrier that is in the area when idle / inactive (during the attempt to attach): a PRACH transmission and a RACH procedure.

[0126] After the completion of the RACH procedure, the UE may establish a connection with the second carrier selected / determined.

[0127] Figure 2 shows an example of UE operation according to the first embodiment. In the example shown in Figure 2, cell B is the cell (carrier) where the UE is initially located, cell D is the first carrier, and cell C is the second carrier. The cell names are for convenience only. The UE is located in cell B and transitions from the [RRC] connected state to the idle state. In the following diagrams, the settings and state transitions of these cells are the same, so the explanation will not be repeated.

[0128] In the example shown in Figure 2, the UE obtains the information necessary for cell selection and connection to cell C in cell D (S201). Subsequently, the UE performs cell reselection (S202) and resides in cell C (waiting for paging in cell C). Next, the UE performs the RACH procedure on cell C and transitions to the [RRC] connection state with cell C.

[0129] According to the first embodiment described above, even when operation 1 is defined, the UE operation / NW operation in the idle / inactive state can be appropriately defined. Furthermore, by clarifying the UE operation / NW operation, the power consumption of the NW / UE can be reduced.

[0130] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to operation 2 described above.

[0131] The network does not need to transmit at least one of the AOS and AOS-related information corresponding to the second carrier to the second carrier.

[0132] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS corresponding to the first carrier to the first carrier.

[0133] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS to the second carrier on the first carrier.

[0134] At least one of the AOS and AOS-related information transmitted by the first carrier may include information for connecting to the second carrier.

[0135] For example, the information for connecting to a second carrier may be at least one of the following: • Information regarding the synchronization signal / SSB on the second carrier, and information related to said synchronization signal / SSB. • Information regarding the master information / MIB on the second carrier, and information related to said master information / MIB. • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1). • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx (where x is a number greater than or equal to 2)) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx).

[0136] The UE may always or sequentially perform the following operations 2-1 and 2-2 when it is idle or inactive.

[0137] <<Operation 2-1>> The UE may select a first carrier (when idle / inactive).

[0138] In selecting a first carrier, the UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific first carrier.

[0139] The specific first carrier may, for example, be the first carrier with the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0140] <<Operation 2-2>> The UE may reside in the selected / determined first carrier after the selection of the first carrier and while in an idle / inactive state.

[0141] The UE may monitor the pacing opportunities in the first career that is selected / decided.

[0142] If a paging signal is generated while the UE is in an idle / inactive state, the UE may receive the paging signal on the first carrier in which it is located.

[0143] UE may perform operation 2-3 after performing operation 2-2 described above.

[0144] <<Operation 2-3>> The UE may select a second carrier based on information transmitted on the first carrier where it is located while idle / inactive (during the attachment attempt).

[0145] UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific second career in the selection of a second career.

[0146] The specific second carrier may, for example, be the second carrier that provides the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0147] After selecting a second carrier, the UE may perform at least one of the following to the selected / determined second carrier: a PRACH transmission and a RACH procedure.

[0148] After the completion of the RACH procedure, the UE may establish a connection with the second carrier selected / determined.

[0149] Figure 3 shows an example of UE operation according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in Figure 3, the UE resides in cell D (waits for paging in cell D). Next, the UE performs cell reselection (S301), performs a RACH procedure on cell C, and transitions to a [RRC] connection state with cell C.

[0150] According to the second embodiment described above, even when operation 2 is defined, the UE operation / NW operation in the idle / inactive state can be appropriately defined. Furthermore, by clarifying the UE operation / NW operation, the power consumption of the NW / UE can be reduced.

[0151] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment relates to the above operation 3.

[0152] The network does not need to transmit at least one of the AOS and AOS-related information corresponding to the second carrier to the second carrier.

[0153] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS corresponding to the first carrier to the first carrier.

[0154] The network may transmit at least one of the AOS and information related to the AOS to the second carrier on the first carrier.

[0155] At least one of the AOS and AOS-related information transmitted by the first carrier may include information for connecting to the second carrier.

[0156] For example, the information for connecting to a second carrier may be at least one of the following: • Information regarding the synchronization signal / SSB on the second carrier, and information related to said synchronization signal / SSB. • Information regarding the master information / MIB on the second carrier, and information related to said master information / MIB. • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIB1). • Information regarding the system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx (where x is a number greater than or equal to 2)) on the second carrier, and information related to said system information / SIB (e.g., SIBx).

[0157] The UE may always / sequentially perform the following operations 3-1 and 3-2 when it is idle / inactive.

[0158] <<Operation 3-1>> The UE may select a first carrier (when idle / inactive).

[0159] In selecting a first carrier, the UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific first carrier.

[0160] The specific first carrier may, for example, be the first carrier with the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0161] <<Operation 3-2>> After the selection of the first carrier, the UE may reside in the selected / determined first carrier while in an idle / inactive state.

[0162] The UE may monitor the pacing opportunities in the first career that is selected / decided.

[0163] If a paging signal is generated while the UE is in an idle / inactive state, the UE may receive the paging signal on the first carrier in which it is located.

[0164] The UE may perform operation 3-3 after performing operation 3-2 described above.

[0165] <<Operation 3-3>> The UE may perform at least one of the following with respect to the first carrier that is in the area when idle / inactive (during the attempt to attach): a PRACH transmission and a RACH procedure.

[0166] After the completion of the RACH procedure, the UE may select a second carrier [based on the information transmitted on the first carrier].

[0167] UE may search for, select, or decide on a specific second career in the selection of a second career.

[0168] The specific second carrier may, for example, be the second carrier that provides the best quality of the UE's received signal.

[0169] After selecting a second carrier, the UE may establish a connection with the selected / determined second carrier.

[0170] Figure 4 shows an example of UE operation according to the third embodiment. In the example shown in Figure 4, the UE is located in cell D (waiting for paging in cell D). Next, the UE performs a RACH procedure on cell D. After that, the UE performs an RRC connection operation with cell C (S401).

[0171] According to the third embodiment described above, even when operation 3 is defined, the UE operation / NW operation in the idle / inactive state can be appropriately defined. Furthermore, by clarifying the UE operation / NW operation, the power consumption of the NW / UE can be reduced.

[0172] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0173] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0174] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0175] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0176] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0177] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0178] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0179] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0180] <<Regarding the Application of Each Embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0181] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: - Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; - Supporting monitoring frequencies / first carrier / second carrier / third carrier (and related operations).

[0182] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0183] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0184] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0185] Information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: • The information is set by one or more higher-layer parameters / RRC IEs. • The information is determined by one or more relevant higher-layer parameters / RRC IEs. • The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. • The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. • The information is described / defined in the specification. • The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. • The information is determined by a combination of several of the above. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher-layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0186] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0187] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives paging messages on a first carrier or a second carrier when idle, and a control unit that controls the execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the paging messages, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate at initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from the search candidates at initial access. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the receiving unit does not receive always-on signaling (AOS) on the second carrier. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives information for connecting to the second carrier on the first carrier. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the receiving unit receives information for connecting to the second carrier on the first carrier, and the information is information relating to at least one of master information, synchronization signals, and system information on the second carrier.

[0188] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0189] Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0190] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0191] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0192] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0193] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0194] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0195] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0196] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0197] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0198] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0199] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0200] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0201] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0202] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0203] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0204] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0205] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0206] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0207] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0208] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0209] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0210] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0211] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0212] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0213] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0214] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0215] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0216] (Base Station) Figure 6 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0217] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0218] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0219] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0220] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0222] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0225] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0226] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0227] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0228] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0229] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0230] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0231] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0232] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0233] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0234] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0235] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit a paging message on the first carrier or the second carrier when the terminal is idle. The control unit 110 may use the paging message to instruct the first carrier or the second carrier to execute a random access procedure. The first carrier may be a search candidate during initial access. The second carrier may be excluded from the search candidates during initial access.

[0236] (User Terminal) Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0237] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0238] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0239] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0242] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0247] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0248] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0249] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0250] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0252] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0253] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0254] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive paging messages on the first carrier or the second carrier when idle. The control unit 210 may control the execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the paging messages. The first carrier may be a search candidate during initial access. The second carrier may be excluded from the search candidates during initial access.

[0255] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 does not need to receive always-on signaling (AOS) on the second carrier.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive information on the first carrier for connecting to the second carrier.

[0257] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive information on the first carrier for connecting to the second carrier. This information may be information relating to at least one of master information, synchronization signals, and system information on the second carrier.

[0258] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0259] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0260] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0261] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0262] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0263] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0264] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0265] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0266] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0267] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0268] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0269] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0270] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0271] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0272] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0273] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0274] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0275] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0276] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0277] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0278] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0279] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0280] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0281] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0282] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0283] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0284] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0285] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0286] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0287] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0288] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0289] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0290] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0291] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0292] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0293] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0294] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0295] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0296] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0297] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0298] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0299] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0300] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0301] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not providing notification of the specified information or by providing notification of other information).

[0302] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0303] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0304] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0305] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0306] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0307] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0308] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0309] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0310] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0311] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0312] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0313] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0314] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0315] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0316] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0317] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0318] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0319] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0320] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0321] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0322] Figure 9 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0323] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0324] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0325] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0326] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0327] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0328] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0329] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0330] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0331] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0332] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0333] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0334] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0335] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0336] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0337] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0338] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0339] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0340] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0341] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0342] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0343] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0344] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0345] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0346] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0347] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0348] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0349] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0350] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0351] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0352] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0353] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0354] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0355] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0356] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives paging messages on a first carrier or a second carrier when idle; and a control unit that controls the execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the paging messages, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate during initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from the search candidates during initial access.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit does not receive always-on signaling (AOS) on the second carrier.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information for connecting to the second carrier on the first carrier.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information for connecting to the second carrier on the first carrier, and the information is information relating to at least one of master information, synchronization signals, and system information on the second carrier.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving a paging message on a first carrier or a second carrier when idle; and controlling the execution of a random access procedure on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the paging message, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate for initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from the search candidates for initial access.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a paging message on a first carrier or a second carrier when the terminal is idle; and a control unit that uses the paging message to instruct the first carrier or the second carrier to execute a random access procedure, wherein the first carrier is a search candidate during initial access, and the second carrier is excluded from the search candidates during initial access.

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