Fire extinguishing agent composition and aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device

Abstract

Provided is a fire extinguishing agent composition characterized by containing a chlorate (A), containing 6 to 1000 parts by mass of a potassium salt (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the chlorate, and further containing a divalent or higher metal salt (C), in order to realize adjustment of a combustion rate while maintaining the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent composition.

Description

Fire extinguishing agent composition and aerosol generating automatic fire extinguishing device

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent composition and an aerosol generating automatic fire extinguishing device including the fire extinguishing agent composition.

[0002] The applicant of the present application has developed a self-extinguishing molded product including a fire extinguishing agent composition that generates an aerosol by combustion to extinguish and suppress a fire (for example, Patent Document 1: Re-published Patent No. WO2018 / 047762).

[0003] This fire extinguishing agent composition can activate its self-extinguishing function without using a fire extinguisher or a fire extinguishing device, etc., and enables safety measures against fires.

[0004] Re-published Patent No. WO2018 / 047762

[0005] However, while the inventors of the present application were earnestly studying the conventional fire extinguishing agent composition, it was difficult to adjust the combustion rate while ensuring the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent composition.

[0006] Therefore, when further developing the fire extinguishing agent composition, it was successful in adjusting the combustion rate while ensuring the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent composition.

[0007] That is, as a result of repeatedly conducting experiments and studies on the components and their blending of the fire extinguishing agent composition, the inventors of the present application found that by adding a metal salt of divalent or higher valence, it is possible to adjust the combustion rate while maintaining the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent composition, and thus completed the present invention.

[0008] That is, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention contains a chlorate (A), contains 6 to 1000 parts by mass of a potassium salt (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the chlorate, and further contains a metal salt (C) of divalent or higher valence.

[0009] In the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above, it is preferable that the chlorate (A) is at least one of potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, and magnesium chlorate.

[0010] Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above, it is preferable that the potassium salt (B) is at least one of potassium acetate and tripotassium citrate.

[0011] Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above, it is preferable that the metal salt (C) is a calcium salt or a magnesium salt. Preferably, the metal salt (C) is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or basic magnesium carbonate.

[0012] Furthermore, it is preferable that the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention further contains fuel (D). Preferably, fuel (D) is carboxymethylcellulose or sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device containing the above-mentioned fire extinguishing agent composition.

[0014] In the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention and the aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device using the same, the inclusion of a divalent or higher metal salt allows for adjustment of the combustion rate while maintaining the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent composition.

[0015] This is a schematic perspective view illustrating the configuration of the device used to measure the concentrations of various components of aerosol gas in the examples.

[0016] Hereinafter, typical embodiments of the fire extinguishing agent composition and aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these drawings, and the drawings are intended to conceptually illustrate the present invention; therefore, for ease of understanding, dimensions, ratios, or numbers may be exaggerated or simplified as necessary.

[0017] <Fire extinguishing agent composition> The fire extinguishing agent composition of this embodiment contains a chlorate (component A), and also contains 6 to 1000 parts by mass of potassium salt (component B) per 100 parts by mass of chlorate, and further contains a divalent or higher metal salt (component C), and is characterized in that the thermal decomposition initiation temperature is in the range of over 90°C to 260°C. It may also contain fuel (component D).

[0018] Component A: Chlorate The chlorate in component A is a strong oxidizing agent and, together with the fuel in component D, generates thermal energy through combustion, and can also generate aerosols (potassium radicals) derived from the potassium salt in component B.

[0019] The chlorate of component A can be selected from, for example, at least one of potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, and magnesium chlorate.

[0020] Component B: Potassium Salt Next, the potassium salt of component B is a component that generates an aerosol (potassium radical) from the thermal energy produced by the combustion of the fuel of component D and the chlorate of component A.

[0021] The potassium salt of component B is preferably selected from at least one of the following: potassium acetate, potassium propionate, monopotassium citrate, dipotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, monopotassium trihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipotassium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tripotassium monohydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, dipotassium phthalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, dipotassium oxalate, and potassium bicarbonate.

[0022] The content ratio of potassium salt of component B is preferably 6 to 1000 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 900 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of chlorate of component A and fuel of component D.

[0023] Component C: Divalent or higher metal salt. The divalent or higher metal salt of component C is responsible for adjusting the combustion rate. Preferably, such component C is a calcium salt or a magnesium salt. Specific compounds include, for example, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, basic magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate.

[0024] The content of the metal salt in component C should be greater than 0% and less than or equal to 5% of the total mass of the chlorate in component A, the potassium salt in component B, and the fuel in component D, and is preferably between 1% and 3%.

[0025] Component D: Fuel. Component D, the fuel, along with component A, the chlorate, generates thermal energy through combustion, producing aerosols (potassium radicals) derived from component B, the potassium salt.

[0026] The fuel component D is preferably selected from at least one of the following: dicyandiamide, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, urea, melamine, melamine cyanurate, avicel, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium carboxymethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, aluminum, boron, magnesium, magnalium, zirconium, titanium, titanium hydride, tungsten, and silicon.

[0027] Here, the content ratio of component D (fuel) and component A (chlorate) in a total of 100 parts by mass is as follows: Component D (fuel): 0 to 40% by mass Preferably more than 0 to 35% by mass More preferably more than 0 to 30% by mass Component A (chlorate): 100 to 60% by mass Preferably 100 to 65% by mass More preferably 100 to 70% by mass

[0028] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention has a thermal decomposition initiation temperature in the range of over 90°C to 260°C, preferably over 150°C to 260°C. This range of thermal decomposition initiation temperature can be adjusted by combining components A, B, C, and D in such a way that they satisfy the above-mentioned content ratio conditions.

[0029] The fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention satisfies the above-mentioned range of thermal decomposition initiation temperatures, so that, for example, without the use of an ignition device, the chlorate of component A and the fuel of component D automatically ignite and burn in response to the heat of a fire, generating an aerosol (potassium radical) derived from the potassium salt of component B to extinguish the fire.

[0030] Furthermore, the addition of a divalent or higher metal salt of component C improves the hygroscopicity of the fire extinguishing agent composition and allows for adjustment of the combustion rate. Improving hygroscopicity contributes to suppressing the deterioration rate of the fire extinguishing agent composition. Adjusting the combustion rate helps prevent damage to the container, for example, when the fire extinguishing agent composition is contained in a container to form an aerosol discharger, by suppressing a rapid increase in the internal pressure of the container.

[0031] Furthermore, since the ignition temperature of wood, a common combustible material found indoors, is 260°C, setting the thermal decomposition start temperature so that it does not activate below 90°C, which is the typical operating temperature for heat detectors in automatic fire alarm systems installed in areas where fire is handled, allows for rapid fire extinguishing and prevents false activation of the heat detectors. In particular, since the maximum setting temperature for heat detectors is 150°C, setting the lower limit of the thermal decomposition start temperature above 150°C provides high versatility.

[0032] The form of the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention having the above-described structure is not particularly limited and can be used as a liquid such as a dispersion, a powder, or a solid such as a molded body of a desired shape. If it is a dispersion, it can also be used as a coating agent by spray application. Furthermore, the molded body can be in the form of granules, pellets of a desired shape (such as cylindrical shape), tablets, spheres, discs, sheets, panels, slurries, etc., with an apparent density of 1.0 g / cm³. ３ The above is preferable.

[0033] In the case of the slurry-type fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention, examples of dispersion media include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl methyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and N-methylpyrrolidone. Furthermore, the slurry-type fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is prepared considering shelf life, stability, and handling, for example, under a shear rate of 50 s. －１ It is preferable to adjust the mixture to have a viscosity of 10 to 200,000 Pa·s (preferably 500 to 2,000 Pa·s) and a solid content concentration of 20 to 80% by mass (preferably 40 to 60% by mass).

[0034] <Aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device> The aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device of the present invention may take any form, whether it uses the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above and does not have an ignition means for igniting the fuel of component A (first aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device), or it has an ignition means such as a known initiator or detonator for igniting the fuel of component A (second aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device).

[0035] A first aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device that does not have an ignition means may be one in which the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is contained in a flammable or non-flammable container. An automatic fire extinguishing device in which the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is contained in a flammable container can be used, for example, by placing the container itself into a flame.

[0036] In the aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is contained in a non-combustible container. For example, in the case of a flammable object during cooking (such as the contents of a pot igniting), the fire extinguishing agent composition can be sprinkled through the opening of the container.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to detect fires more quickly, the aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device of the present invention can be configured in which the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention is contained in a container made of a material with good thermal conductivity (such as aluminum or copper), and the container may also have a fin structure to increase the surface area in order to enhance the heat collection effect. This automatic fire extinguishing device can be used by placing it near, for example, various batteries, in order to respond to a fire that may occur due to accidental ignition.

[0038] A second aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device having an ignition means can be a combination of the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention, which serves as the extinguishing agent, a container containing the ignition means, and a heat sensor or the like for transmitting the occurrence of a fire to the ignition means and activating it.

[0039] ≪Experimental Examples 1-10≫ To a total of 100 parts by mass of 60 parts by mass of potassium chlorate (component A), 29 parts by mass of tripotassium citrate (component B), and 11 parts by mass of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (component D), 1 part by mass, 3 parts by mass, or 5 parts by mass of a metal salt (component C) was mixed and thoroughly stirred, and then 10 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added and mixed further. A mixture without the metal salt (component C) was also prepared. The resulting wet and wet mixture was dried in a constant temperature bath at 110°C for 16 hours to obtain a dry product with a moisture content of 1% by mass or less. This dry product was crushed in an agate mortar and pestle and sized to a particle size of 500 μm or less to obtain a pulverized product. 2.0 g of the pulverized product was filled into a predetermined mold (mortar) with an inner diameter of 9.6 mm, a pestle was inserted, and a surface pressure of 220.5 MPa (2250 kg / cm) was applied using a hydraulic pump. ２ Fire extinguishing agent compositions 1 to 10, consisting of molded bodies, were prepared by applying pressure from both sides for 5 seconds each. The following evaluation tests were conducted on these compositions, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0040] [Evaluation Test] (1) Amount of K generated per 1g When each of the fire extinguishing agent compositions 1 to 10 of the present invention is burned, a potassium-containing aerosol gas is generated and exhibits fire extinguishing function. Therefore, the amount of K generated was measured in order to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance. (a) Volume 0.042 m as shown in Figure 1 ３ A desiccator having a sealed test compartment 2 was used as a device 1 for measuring the concentrations of various components of aerosol gas. A molded fire extinguishing agent composition 4 was placed in the center of its bottom surface, and an ignition (combustion) nichrome wire (2.7Ω) 6 was placed on its upper surface. (b) A voltage of 10V was applied to the nichrome wire to ignite the fire extinguishing agent composition by combustion and generate aerosol gas. (c) 30 seconds after the aerosol gas was generated, the atmosphere inside the test compartment (protected compartment) filled with aerosol gas was collected with a syringe 8. The syringe was pre-filled with 5 mL of distilled water to make a total of 50 mL of the test compartment atmosphere to be collected. The collection position was at the center of the container wall. (d) The collected test compartment atmosphere was thoroughly mixed with distilled water to dissolve the solid particles of aerosol gas contained therein in the distilled water, and the potassium ion concentration in the aqueous solution was measured with a potassium ion meter. (e) The potassium element concentration in the test compartment atmosphere was calculated from the potassium ion concentration in the aqueous solution using the following formula (1).

[0041] (2) CO and CO ２ Generation amount: For the atmosphere in the sealed test compartment when aerosol gas is emitted due to the combustion of each of the fire extinguishing agent compositions 1 to 10, the same operations as in (a) to (c) of (1) above are performed, and the concentrations (%) of CO and CO ２ were measured using a portable gas concentration measuring device manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.

[0042] (3) Combustion time: When aerosol gas is generated by the combustion of the fire extinguishing agent composition, the longer the combustion time, the slower the aerosol gas is emitted, the longer the holding time of the fire extinguishing performance, and the more the rapid pressure increase can be suppressed, so the damage to the test compartment (protected compartment) can be reduced. Therefore, the time from the start of combustion of the fire extinguishing agent composition to extinguishment was measured visually.

[0043] From the results shown in Table 1 above, in the case of the fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention containing a metal salt (C component) of divalent or higher, it can be seen that although the amount of K generated per gram is about the same as in the case without addition, the combustion time can be controlled (or controlled). In the cases of Experiment Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 6, the CO concentration can be reduced compared to the case without addition, and the combustion time is about the same. On the other hand, in the cases of Experiment Nos. 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10, it became possible to lengthen the combustion time compared to the case without addition. Also, the concentrations of CO and CO ２ are suppressed to concentrations allowable from the viewpoint of human body safety in view of the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the United States and page 383 of the 4th Edition of the Fire Handbook, respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that this fire extinguishing agent composition can regulate the combustion rate while ensuring the fire extinguishing performance, and further suppress the generation of CO and CO ２ as well.

[0044] 1... Concentration measuring device 2... Test compartment (protected compartment) 4... Fire extinguishing agent composition molded body 6... Starting nichrome wire 8... Syringe

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing agent composition characterized by containing a chlorate (A), containing 6 to 1000 parts by mass of a potassium salt (B) per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the chlorate, and further containing a divalent or higher metal salt (C).

2. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the chlorate (A) is at least one of potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, and magnesium chlorate.

3. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the potassium salt (B) is at least one of potassium acetate and tripotassium citrate.

4. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal salt (C) is a calcium salt or a magnesium salt.

5. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal salt (C) is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or basic magnesium carbonate.

6. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, further characterized by containing fuel (D).

7. The fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuel (D) is sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

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