Composition and plant disease control method

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition for control of plant disease that contains a microorganism that acts to suppress the onset of plant disease as an effective bacteria and can be used as a biological agrochemical.　Provided is a composition for control of plant disease that contains, as an active ingredient, bacterial cells of a strain that belongs to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum or of a variant of such a strain or a culture of such bacterial cells.

Description

Composition and method for controlling plant diseases

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for use in controlling plant diseases and a method for controlling plant diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlling plant diseases, which contains as an active ingredient the fungal cells or cultures of a strain or mutant strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, and a method for controlling plant diseases, which includes applying the above composition to a target plant.

[0002] The primary method of controlling plant diseases has been the use of chemical pesticides, which have enabled stable crop production to date. However, in recent years, the environmental impact of continuous use of chemical pesticides and the emergence of resistant strains have made it difficult to adequately control diseases with existing chemical pesticides, and the problem of difficult-to-control diseases such as bacterial diseases has become significant. Therefore, as an alternative to chemical pesticides, biological control technologies using microorganisms isolated from nature have attracted attention, and several microbial pesticides have been commercialized. However, existing microbial pesticides have drawbacks compared to chemical pesticides, such as unstable efficacy and a limited range of applicable diseases. Given this situation, there is a need for novel microbial pesticides that have new applicable diseases and exhibit stable control efficacy.

[0003] As plant disease control agents using microorganisms, Pseudomonas fluorescens, non-pathogenic Erwinia carotovora, Trichoderma atroviride, Bacillus simplex, and Bacillus subtilis are registered and used as microbial pesticides.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a plant disease control agent for seed-borne and soil-borne diseases that occur during rice seedling cultivation, in which Penicillium sp. AB5194 strain (FERM P-21726) is the active ingredient.

[0005] The perfect stage of the genus Penicillium consists of two genera: Eupenicillium and Talaromyces. Patent document 2 discloses a plant disease control agent containing Talaromyces flavus, a part of the genus Talaromyces, as an active ingredient. In recent years, in molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Penicillium and related fungi based on the concept of one scientific name per species following revisions to the nomenclature rules, it has been proposed that all species belonging to the genus Eupenicillium be reclassified into the genus Penicillium, and that the genus name Penicillium, rather than Eupenicillium, should be used (Non-patent document 1).

[0006] Patent documents 3 to 5 disclose the use of strains of the genus Eupenicillium in the industrial production of amino acids, natural sweeteners, enzymes, etc. Patent documents 6 and 7 disclose a method for producing antimicrobial substances useful in the pharmaceutical field using strains of the genus Eupenicillium. Furthermore, it has been reported that substances produced by Eupenicillium javanicum have antimicrobial activity against the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (Non-patent document 2).

[0007] On the other hand, it has been reported that Pencillium javanicum inhibits the growth of plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseoline in confrontation culture tests (Non-Patent Document 3). In addition, it has been reported that a substance produced by Pencillium javanicum inhibits the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Gaeumannomyces graminis, and Alternaria alternate (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5). Furthermore, counterculture studies have reported that Eupenicillium javanicum inhibits the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, a plant pathogen (Non-Patent Literature 6).

[0008] Patent document 8 discloses the use of microorganisms belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum, Kionochaeta spissa, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Fusarium oxysporum, Lecythophora mutabilis, Coniochaeta velutina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, or Mortierella chlamydospora as a control for scab disease caused by actinomycetes belonging to the genus Streptomyces. However, there is currently no known method for using strains of the genus Eupenicillium as a control agent for plant diseases other than scab.

[0009] Patent No. 5349118 JP 2006-124337 JP 61-257194 Patent 5098122 JP 1-033159 JP 09-194497 JP 10-007677 Patent No. 5294241

[0010] Houbraken J, Samson RA. 51.Nakadate Shou, Nozawa Koohei, Sato Hiroyasu, Horie Hitoshi, Fujii Yuichi, Nagai Masahiro, Hosoe Tomoo, Kawai Ken-ichi, Yaguchi Takashi, Antifungal Cyclic Depsipeptide, Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families, Stud Mycol 2011;70:1. Eujavanicin A, Isolated from Eupenicillium javanicum, Journal of Natural Products (2008), 71(9), 1640-1642Urooj Faizah, Farhat Hafiza, Ali Syed Abid, Ahmed Mariam, Sultana Viqar, Shams Zafar Iqbal, Ara Jehan, Ehteshamul-Haque Syed,. Role of endophytic Penicillium species in suppressing root rotting fungi of sunflower, Pakistan Journal of Botany (2018), 50(4), 1621-1628Liang, Zhao-Yang; Shen, Nan-Xing; Zheng, Yao-Yao; Wu, Jin-Tao; Miao, Li; Fu, Xiu-Mei; Chen, Min; Wang, Chang-Yun.Two new unsaturated fatty acids from the mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus Penicillium javanicum HK1-22, Bioorganic Chemistry (2019), 93Liang Zhao-Yang, Shen Nan-Xing, Zhou Xiao-Jian, Zheng Yao-Yao, Chen Min, Wang Chang-Yun, Bioactive Indole Diterpenoids and Polyketides from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium javanicum, Chemistry of Natural Compounds (2020), 56(2), 379-382Manzoor ALi. Abro, Xiang Sun, Xingchun Li, Ghulam Hussain Jatoi, Liang-Dong Guo. Biocontrol Potential of Fungal Endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Causing Wilt in Cucumber, The Plant Pathology Journal 35(6):598-608.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a composition for use in controlling plant diseases that contains a microorganism having a disease-suppressing effect on plant diseases as an effective fungicide, and that can be used as a biopesticide.

[0012] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors conducted extensive research and succeeded in discovering that strains of fungi belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum have an effect of suppressing the onset of plant diseases. As a result, they have completed a composition for use in controlling plant diseases, which contains the fungal cells or cultures of strains or mutant strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum as an active ingredient. This composition, which contains the fungal cells or cultures of a strain or mutant strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum as an active ingredient, has a disease-suppressing effect against plant disease-causing fungi, including basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, imperfect fungi, oomycetes, and zygomycetes, and among these, it has a particularly noteworthy disease-suppressing effect against oomycetes.

[0013] Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows: [1] A composition for use in controlling plant diseases, comprising, as an active ingredient, the cell or culture of a strain or mutant strain of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum. [2] The strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum include Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 31735 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 32889 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7992 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7995 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum The composition according to [1], wherein the strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is at least one selected from the group consisting of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 or a mutant thereof, and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7997 or a mutant thereof. [3] The composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is at least one selected from the group consisting of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain or a mutant thereof and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain or a mutant thereof.[4] The composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by a basidiomycete, ascomycete, imperfect fungus, oomycete, or zygomycete. [5] The composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by an oomycete. [6] The composition according to any one of [1] to [5], comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from the group consisting of the cells or cultures thereof of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain or its mutant strain and the cells or cultures thereof of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain or its mutant strain, wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by an oomycete. [7] A method for controlling plant diseases, comprising applying the composition according to any one of [1] to [6] to a target plant.

[0014] [8] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain or a mutant thereof. [9] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain or a mutant thereof.

[10] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6], [8], and [9], wherein the cell or culture of a strain or mutant strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is cultured in a medium using glucose, maltose, or a combination thereof as a carbon source.

[11] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6] and [8] to

[10] , wherein the cell or culture of a strain or mutant strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is cultured in a medium using soybean flour, cottonseed meal, or a combination thereof as a nitrogen source.

[12] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6] and [8] to

[11] , wherein the target plant is tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, chili pepper, cucumber, bitter melon, watermelon, pumpkin, melon, onion, leek, lettuce, cabbage, radish, spinach, Chinese cabbage, turnip, broccoli, cauliflower, sugar beet, asparagus, ginger, myoga, potato, taro, adzuki bean, soybean, broad bean, strawberry, grape, pineapple, almond, chrysanthemum, gerbera, tulip, lily, or carnation.

[13] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6] and [8] to

[12] , wherein the plant disease is tomato blight, cucumber downy mildew, grape downy mildew, radish white rust, cucumber powdery mildew, rice blast, wheat red rust, cucumber brown spot, cucumber anthracnose, Chinese cabbage black spot, cucumber gray mold, eggplant gray mold, tomato gray mold, or kidney bean gray mold.

[14] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6] and [8] to

[12] , wherein the plant disease is tomato blight, cucumber downy mildew, grape downy mildew, radish white rust, cucumber powdery mildew, rice blast, wheat red rust, cucumber brown spot, cucumber anthracnose, Chinese cabbage black spot, cucumber gray mold, eggplant gray mold, tomato gray mold, green bean gray mold, cucumber seedling blight, or onion soft rot.

[15] A method for controlling plant diseases, comprising applying the composition according to any one of [8] to

[14] to a target plant.

[16] The use of a composition for controlling plant diseases, wherein the composition is the composition according to any one of [1] to [6] and [8] to

[14] .

[0015] The strains of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum used in this invention can suppress the occurrence of a wide range of plant diseases by being present in the plant body, such as roots, stems, leaves, seeds, and fruits, or in the cultivation soil, by being cultured (including live cells) or by being isolated from the culture.

[0016] Figure 1 shows the sequence of the ITS-LSU rDNA gene (SEQ ID NO: 1) of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain. Figure 2 shows the sequence of the B-tubulin gene (SEQ ID NO: 2) of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain. Figure 3 shows the sequence of the calmodulin gene (SEQ ID NO: 3) of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain. Figure 4 shows the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 (SEQ ID NO: 4) of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain. Figure 5 shows the sequence of the ITS-LSU rDNA gene (SEQ ID NO: 5) of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain.

[0017] As mentioned above, all species belonging to the genus Eupenicillium have been reclassified into the genus Penicillium, and it has been suggested that the genus name Penicillium, rather than Eupenicillium, should be used. Taking this into consideration, this specification may use the notation "Eupenicillium javanicum" or "Penicillium javanicum," which combines both Eupenicillium javanicum and Penicillium javanicum.

[0018] In this specification, "control" means preventing, treating, suppressing, or eliminating plant diseases. In this specification, "control method" means a method for preventing, treating, suppressing, or eliminating plant diseases.

[0019] (Composition for use in the control of plant diseases) The inventors screened for microorganisms with a very broad antimicrobial spectrum against various plant diseases. As a result, they obtained the useful finding that strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum exhibit broad antimicrobial activity against various plant pathogens. Among the various plant pathogens, strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum showed particularly high antimicrobial activity against oomycetes.

[0020] The strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum are not particularly limited, but include Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 31735, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 32889, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7992, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7995, and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7997, or a combination of two or more of these can be used. Among these, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996, or a combination of these, are preferred because they exhibit higher antibacterial activity against various plant pathogens, as described later.

[0021] Some strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum showed high antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. In particular, useful findings were obtained showing that Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and NBRC 7996 strains, registered with the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Biological Genetic Resources Division (NBRC), exhibit higher antimicrobial activity against various plant pathogens.

[0022] Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain was deposited with the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Biotechnology Center (NBRC) on February 17, 1964, as NBRC 7994, based on sequence analysis of the ITS-LSU rDNA gene (SEQ ID NO: 1 (Figure 1)), the B-tubulin gene (SEQ ID NO: 2 (Figure 2)), the calmodulin gene (SEQ ID NO: 3 (Figure 3)), and ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 (Figure 4)).

[0023] The mutant strain of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 is not particularly limited to any strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mutant strain of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 is characterized by an ITS-LSU rDNA represented by a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 99.5% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, a B-tubulin gene having 95% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, a calmodulin gene having 95% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and an ITS1-5.8S gene having 95% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 It possesses rDNA-ITS2 and is a mutant strain derived from Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994.

[0024] Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain was deposited as NBRC 7996 with the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Biotechnology Center (NBRC) on February 17, 1964, based on sequence analysis of the ITS-LSU rDNA gene (Sequence ID 5 (Figure 5)). Furthermore, this strain has the following characteristics.

[0025] For Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC strain 7996, the hyphae are formed on or within the agar surface, are colorless, septate, and 2–5 μm wide. The ascocarps are cleistoscocarps, spherical to subglobose to elliptic, 100–150 μm in diameter, light-colored in the early stages of culture, and colored light brown to reddish-brown as the culture period progresses. The ascocarp wall is hard and sclerotial, composed of thick-walled, irregularly polygonal cells, and its surface is further covered with reddish-brown hyphae. The asci are spherical to subglobose to elliptic (5–9 μm long × 5–6 μm short), spore-bearing, thin-walled, and epigastrophic. The ascospores are spherical to subglobose (3–4 μm long × 3 μm short), single-celled, and have a smooth to micro-spine-like surface. Conidiophores are directly attached to the vegetative hyphae, measuring 50–100 μm in height and 2–2.5 μm in width, colorless, and smooth on the surface. Fialides, which are conidiogenic cells, are directly formed from the tip of the conidiophore. Fialides are ampoule-shaped, measuring 10–12 μm in length and 3–4 μm in width. Conidia are phialoconidia, formed in chains from the phialides, subglobose to ovate, measuring 2.5–3 μm in length and 2–2.5 μm in width, single-celled, and smooth on the surface.

[0026] Furthermore, the growth characteristics of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain are shown in Table 1.

[0027]

[0028] The mutant strain of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 is not particularly limited as long as it is a strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mutant strain of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 is a mutant strain derived from Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 having ITS-LSU rDNA represented by a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 99.5% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence of Sequence ID No. 5, and having the growth characteristics described in Table 1.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, mutant strains derived from Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 or Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 include, for example, these naturally occurring mutants, mutants treated with ultraviolet irradiation, X-ray irradiation, or mutagenic agents (e.g., N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine), and polyploid strains. These mutant strains are included in the scope of mutant strains in one embodiment of the present invention as long as they retain their ability to control plant diseases. Here, retaining the ability to control plant diseases means that this effect is 80% or more compared to the parent plant.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, strains of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum used as active ingredients in compositions for the control of plant diseases can be propagated by known means such as static culture on solid media or liquid culture, and the type of medium and culture conditions that can be used are not particularly limited as long as the bacteria can survive and grow. For example, in addition to general media such as meat extract medium, media containing glucose, peptone, and yeast extract can be used. In addition to liquid media, solid media such as slant media and plate media containing agar may also be used.

[0031] Anything that the above-mentioned strains can utilize can be used as a carbon source for the culture medium. Specifically, in addition to sugars such as glucose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glycerol, xylose, mannitol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), powdered cellulose, brown rice, oatmeal, malt extract, molasses, corn syrup, and starch hydrolysates, various synthetic or natural carbon sources that can be utilized by strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum can be used.

[0032] In particular, when culturing strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, using glucose or maltose as the carbon source in the culture medium can result in high antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, with glucose showing particularly high antibacterial activity.

[0033] As the nitrogen source of the medium, similarly, organic nitrogen-containing substances such as cottonseed meal, malt extract, peptone (e.g., soy peptone), meat extract, yeast extract, soybean powder, corn steep liquor (CSL), etc., as well as various synthetic or natural substances that can be utilized by strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum can be used.

[0034] In particular, when culturing a group of strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, by using soybean powder or cottonseed meal as the nitrogen source of the medium, high antibacterial activity can be shown against various phytopathogenic fungi, and particularly, higher antibacterial activity can be shown by using cottonseed meal.

[0035] Also, according to the conventional methods of microorganism culture, inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and phosphate, salts of metals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, and trace nutrient sources such as vitamins and amino acids can be added as needed.

[0036] The culture can be carried out under aerobic conditions such as shaking culture and aeration culture. The culture temperature is preferably 20 to 40 °C, more preferably 25 to 35 °C. The pH during culture is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 3 to 7. The culture period is preferably 1 to 14 days, more preferably 2 to 6 days.

[0037] In one aspect of the present invention, a culture containing the cells of a strain of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, used as an active ingredient in a composition for controlling plant diseases, has the property of suppressing various plant diseases. In one aspect of the present invention, various plant diseases can be suppressed by placing at least one selected from a culture containing the cells of a strain of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, a processed product such as a mixture of the culture and other components, culture-isolated cells such as cells obtained by centrifugation of the culture or washed cells thereof, a processed product such as a mixture of the culture-isolated cells and other components, and diluted products thereof in liquid or solid form, on plant bodies such as roots, stems, leaves, seeds, and fruits, or in the cultivation soil thereof.

[0038] In one aspect of the present invention, a strain of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum used as an active ingredient in a composition for controlling plant diseases can be used in a composition for controlling plant diseases whether it is in the spore state, the hyphae state, or a state in which spores and hyphae coexist. Furthermore, it can be used as a composition for controlling plant diseases even if it is mixed with culture medium components as it is in culture. In addition, the cultured cells themselves or the processed product thereof (such as a mixture of cultured cells and other components), which are separated from the above culture by conventional methods such as membrane separation or centrifugation and washed as necessary, can also be used as an active ingredient in a composition for controlling plant diseases. Furthermore, the above-mentioned cultures or isolated live microbial cells can also be used as compositions for controlling plant diseases in the form of dried products, such as those dried by freeze-drying or spray-drying, or as diluted products of these in liquid or solid form.

[0039] In one aspect of the present invention, the composition for use in controlling plant diseases can control plant diseases caused by fungi and bacteria belonging to Oomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes or Deuteromycetes, and can more efficiently control plant diseases caused by Oomycetes in particular.

[0040] In one aspect of the present invention, examples of plant diseases that the composition for use in controlling plant diseases can control and their causative agents (the causative agents are in parentheses) are as follows, but are not limited thereto.

[0041] Sugar beet: brown spot (Cercospora beticola), black root rot (Aphanomyces cochloides), root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), leaf rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), rust (Uromyces betae), leaf blight (Alternaria alternata), powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), leaf spot (Ramularia beticola), damping-off (Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), etc.;

[0042] Peanut: brown spot (Mycosphaerella arachidis), blotch (Ascochyta sp.), rust (Puccinia arachidis), damping-off (Pythium debaryanum), rust spot (Alternaria alternata), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), black stain (Mycosphaerella berkeleyi), large sclerotinia disease (Sclerotinia miyabeana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), small sclerotinia disease (Botryotinia arachidis), etc.;

[0043] Cucumbers: Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), vine blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), vine wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), anthracnose (Colletotrichum orbiculare), black spot (Cladosporium cucumerinum), brown spot (Corynespora cassiicola), seedling blight (Pythium debaryanum, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn), Phomopsis root rot (Phomopsis sp.), bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans), etc.

[0044] Tomato: Botrytis cinerea, leaf mold (Passalorafulva, Cladosporium fulvum), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), gray late blight (Phytophthora capsici), brown rot (Phytophthora nicotianae), half-wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium) dahliae), powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici), ring spot disease (Alternaria solani), brown ring spot disease (Corynespora cassiicola), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), bacterial spot disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), sooty mold (Pseudocercospora fuligena), etc.;

[0045] Eggplant: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), black blight (Corynespora melongenae), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), sooty mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), brown spot disease (Phomopsis vexans), etc.

[0046] Radish: Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), black spot disease (Alternaria brassicae), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), root constriction disease (Aphanomyces raphani), anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum), soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum), white rust (Albugo macrospora), damping-off disease (Pythium sp.), rot (Pythium ultimum var. ultimum), etc.

[0047] Chinese cabbage: Powdery mildew (Oidium matthiolae), Pythium rot (Pythium aphanidermatum), downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora brassicae), yellowing disease (Verticillium dahliae), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, black spot disease (Alternaria brassicola), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), blossom end rot (Rhizoctonia solani), anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum), soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum), white rust (Albugo macrospora), ring spot disease (Asteromella brassicae), etc.

[0048] Strawberries: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae), late blight (Phytophthora cactorum), soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer), fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), wilt (Verticillium dahliae), etc.

[0049] Onions: Botrytis allii, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis squamosa, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Peronospora destructor, Phytophthora porri, Pythium sp., Ciborinia allii) etc;

[0050] Leeks: Soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum), downy mildew (Peronospora destructor), leaf blight (Pleospora allii), black rot (Sclerotium cepivorum), rust (Puccinia allii), white spot leaf blight (Botrytis squamosa), etc.

[0051] Cabbage: Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), soft rot (Erwinia carotovora), black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris), bacterial black spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis), downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sooty mold (Alternaria brassicola), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), etc.

[0052] Green beans: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), horn spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi, Sphaerotheca fuliginea), seedling blight (Pythium irregulare, Pythium mamillatum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium spinosum, Pythium ultimum), etc.

[0053] Apples: Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), Monilinia mali, black spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), canker (Valsa mali), leaf spot (Alternaria mali), cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium yamadae), ring spot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana), anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), brown spot (Diplocarpon mali), sooty spot (Zygophiala jamaicensis), sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena), purple root rot (Helicobasidium mompa), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), burn (Erwinia amylovora), etc.

[0054] Japanese apricot: Black spot (Cladosporium carpophilum), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), gray mold (Monilinia mumecola), sooty mold (Peltaster sp.), etc.; Persimmon: Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia kakicola), anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), horn spot leaf spot (Cercospora kaki), round leaf spot leaf spot (Mycosphaerella nawae), etc.;

[0055] Peach: Gray mold (Monilinia fructicola), black spot (Cladosporium carpophilum), Phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.), bacterial hole disease (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni), leaf curl (Taphrina deformans), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), etc.

[0056] Almonds: Gray mold (Monilinia laxa), leaf spot (Stigmina carpophila), black spot (Cladosporium carpophilum), leaf blisters (Polystigma rubrum), leaf spot disease (Alternaria alternata), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeospoides), etc.

[0057] Prunus: Monilinia fructicola, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria sp., Monilinia kusanoi, Mycosphaerella cerasella, etc.;

[0058] Grapes: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), gray mold (Monilinia fructigena), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), late blight (Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum acutatum), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), black rot (Elsinoe ampelina), black spot (Cladosporium viticolum), brown spot (Pseudocercospora vitis), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), white rot (Coniella castaneicola), white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), white snow disease (Basidiomycota sp.), etc.

[0059] Pears: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), gray spot (Monilinia fructicola), black spot (Venturia nashicola), red-oak rust (Gymnosporangium asiaticum), black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana), ring spot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana), powdery mildew (Phyllactinia mali), canker (Phomopsis fukushii), brown spot (Stemphylium vesicarium), anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), etc.

[0060] Tea: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), blight (Exobasidium vexans), ring spot (Pestalotiopsis longiseta, P. theae), anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis), leaf spot (Mycosphaerella theae), net blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), red blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae), etc.; Citrus: Scab (Elsinoe fawcettii), blue mold (Penicillium italicum), green mold (Penicillium digitatum), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), black spot (Diaporthe citri), canker (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri), powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), late blight (Phytophthora citrophthora), anthracnose (Colletotrichum (fioriniae), etc.

[0061] Wheat: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici, Blumeriagraminis f.sp. tritici), scab (Gibberella zeae), brown rust (Puccinia recondita), brown snow blight (Pythium iwayamai), red snow blight (Monographella nivalis), eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), leaf blotch (Septoria tritici), glume blotch (Leptosphaeria nodorum), pink snow mold (Typhula incarnata), gray snow mold (Myriosclerotinia borealis), take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis), ergot (Claviceps purpurea), common bunt (Tilletia caries), loose smut (Ustilago nuda), blast (Pyricularia grisea), etc.;

[0062] Barley: leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), loose smut (Ustilago tritici, U.nuda), etc.; Rice: blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi), brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), seedling blight (Pythium graminicola), bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae), bacterial seedling blight (Burkholderia plantarii), brown stripe (Acidovorax avenae), bacterial panicle blight (Burkholderia glumae), leaf streak (Cercospora oryzae), false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens), brown rice (Alternaria alternata, Curvularia intermedia), black belly rice (Alternaria padwickii), red discolored rice (Epicoccum purpurascens), etc.;

[0063] Tobacco: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), blight (Phytophthora nicotianae), downy mildew (Pernospora sp.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), rot (Rhizoctonia solani), etc.; Tulips: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), blight (Phytophthora cactorum), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, brown spot (Botrytis tuliparum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum fioriniae), etc.

[0064] Sunflowers: Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), etc.; Bentgrass: Snow mold (Sclerotinia borealis), Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani), Brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani), Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), Rice blast (Pyricularia sp.), Red blight (Pythium aphanidermatum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), etc.

[0065] Orchardgrass: Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), root rot (Pythium debaryanum, Pythium ultimum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale), etc.; Soybeans: Purple spot (Cercospora kikuchii), downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), stem blight (Phytophthora sojae), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), sclerotinia sclerotiorum, anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), black rot (Elsinoe glycines), black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), etc.; Potatoes: Late blight (Phytophthora infestans), summer blight (Alternaria solani), black scurf (Thanatephorus cucumeris), half body wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, V. nigrescens), black leg disease (Pectobacterium atrosepticum), soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum), etc.;

[0066] Bananas: Panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum), Sigatoka disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis, M. musicola), anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae), etc.; Rapeseed: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, root rot (Phoma lingam), black spot disease (Alternaria brassicae), etc.;

[0067] Coffee: Rust disease (Hemileia vastatrix), anthracnose (Colletotrichum coffeanum), brown eye disease (Cercospora coffeicola), etc.; Sugarcane: Brown rust disease (Puccinia melanocephala), etc.;

[0068] Corn: Hale spot disease (Gloeocercospora sorghi), rust disease (Puccinia sorghi), southern rust disease (Puccinia polysora), smut disease (Ustilago maydis), sesame leaf spot disease (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), sooty mold disease (Setosphaeria turcica), etc.

[0069] Cotton: susceptible to diseases such as damping-off (Pythium sp.), rust (Phakopsora gossypii), white mold (Mycosphaerella areola), and anthracnose (Glomerella gossypii).

[0070] Among the diseases mentioned above, those caused by oomycetes include tomato blight, cucumber downy mildew, grape downy mildew, and radish white rust. Diseases caused by ascomycetes include cucumber powdery mildew and rice blast. Diseases caused by basidiomycetes include wheat red rust. Diseases caused by imperfect fungi include cucumber brown spot, cucumber anthracnose, Chinese cabbage black spot, cucumber gray mold, eggplant gray mold, tomato gray mold, and green bean gray mold.

[0071] The plants targeted by the composition for use in controlling plant diseases in this embodiment are not particularly limited, but include: grains such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, sorghum, millet, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, pearl millet, finger millet, and buckwheat; tubers such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, yams, and konjac; legumes such as soybeans, adzuki beans, kidney beans, peas, broad beans, peanuts, cowpeas, chickpeas, and pigeon peas; and eggplants, tomatoes, bell peppers, chili peppers, cucumbers, melons, and sweet potatoes. Vegetables such as pumpkin, zucchini, white gourd, bottle gourd, winter melon, bitter melon, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, turnip, bok choy, komatsuna, mizuna, green onion, onion, chives, garlic, shallots, asparagus, lettuce, burdock, garland chrysanthemum, butterbur, carrot, mitsuba, celery, parsley, strawberry, spinach, okra, shiso, basil, mint, ginger, myoga, etc.; apple, pear, European pear, quince, Chinese quince, cherry, peach, plum, Japanese apricot, etc. Fruit trees such as berries, chestnuts, walnuts, almonds, pecans, grapes, kiwifruit, akebi, persimmons, figs, pomegranates, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, citrus fruits, loquats, olives, bayberries, mangoes, guavas, avocados, dates, coconuts, bananas, pineapples, papayas, passion fruit, acerola, etc.; specialty crops such as cotton, flax, rushes, rapeseed, sunflowers, sesame, oil palm, sugar beets, sugarcane, tea, coffee, cocoa, hops, tobacco, etc.; cosmos, Flowering plants such as morning glories, marigolds, impatiens, baby's breath, sweet peas, chrysanthemums, carnations, tulips, lilies, daffodils, gladiolus, cyclamen, begonias, water lilies, dahlias, roses, cymbidiums, and cattleyas; turfgrasses such as Korean lawn grass, dwarf Korean lawn grass, Zoysia grass, Bermuda grass, bentgrass, fescue, ryegrass, and bluegrass; trees such as cherry trees, azaleas, oaks, zelkova trees, cedar trees, and beech trees; or a combination of two or more of these.Among these, due to their importance as targets for controlling plant diseases caused by oomycetes, okra, sugar beet, spinach, wasabi, turnip, mustard greens, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, radish, arugula, Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, rice, bottle gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, white gourd, winter melon, watermelon, loofah, bitter melon, melon, mango, persimmon, gerbera, chrysanthemum, garland chrysanthemum, sunflower Lettuce, avocado, fig, sesame, taro, shiso, ginger, myoga, asparagus, carrot, celery, parsley, chinaberry, sarcandra, buckwheat, pepper, mitsuba, passion fruit, potato, tobacco, chili pepper, tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, carnation, papaya, pineapple, apricot, strawberry, plum, pear, loquat, peach, almond, grape, apple, dori Beans, cockscomb, guava, chestnut, kiwifruit, broad beans, kidney beans, adzuki beans, soybeans, peas, Japanese pepper, coconut, yam, onion, tulip, leek, lily, chives, garlic, shallots, lisianthus, hops, sugarcane, corn, wheat, barley, etc. are preferred, and more preferably, due to their significant impact on crop yield, tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, chili peppers, cucumbers, bitter melon, watermelons, pumpkins, melons, onions, leeks, lettuce, cabbage, radishes, spinach, Chinese cabbage, turnips, broccoli, cauliflower, sugar beets, asparagus, ginger, myoga ginger, potatoes, taro, adzuki beans, soybeans, broad beans, strawberries, grapes, pineapples, almonds, chrysanthemums, gerberas, tulips, lilies, carnations, etc.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases has a particularly high disease-suppressing effect against plant diseases caused by oomycetes. Specifically, the oomycetes include Albugo candida, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Pseudoperonospora humuli, Sclerospora graminicola, Sclerophthora macrospora, Sclerophthora rayssiae, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora citrophora, Phytophthora syringe, and Phytophthora soja. Examples include, but are not limited to, *Phytophthora sojae*, *Phytophthora nicotiane var. parasitica*, *Phytophthora palmivora*, *Phytophthora phaseoli*, *Phytophthora porri*, *Plasmopara viticola*, *Plasmopara halstedii*, and *Bremia lactucae*.

[0073] In one aspect of the present invention, compositions for use in controlling plant diseases include post-harvest disease control agents for preventing the decay of crops, particularly fruits, during storage after harvest. In one aspect of the present invention, the types of crops to which the post-harvest disease control agent is applied are not limited, but examples include fruits such as strawberries, grapes, figs, citrus fruits, peaches, melons, watermelons, apples, pears, bananas, and pineapples, and vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leeks, onions, carrots, radishes, ginger, bell peppers, eggplants, pumpkins, and bean sprouts. The types of fungi that cause post-harvest diseases are not limited, but examples include Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Alternaria alternata.

[0074] In one aspect of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases may use a single strain of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, or two or more strains in combination. Mutant strains of each strain may also be used. Mutant strains of Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum are not particularly limited, as long as they are applicable to the composition for controlling plant diseases. In one aspect of the present invention, a mutant strain is one that possesses the microbiological characteristics of the parent strain and has plant disease control activity. Naturally occurring mutants, mutants induced by ultraviolet light or chemical mutagens, cell fusion strains, and genetically modified strains are all available.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases is provided as a plant disease control agent or a microbial preparation. The composition for use in controlling plant diseases may be used alone as a fungal cell or culture of a strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, or it may be used as a drug diluted with an inert liquid or solid carrier and optionally with surfactants, dispersants, and other auxiliary agents. Specific examples of formulations include granules, powders, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, and other dosage forms. In one embodiment of the present invention, the fungal cell or culture of a strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum or a mutant thereof may be a dried powder.

[0076] Examples of carriers include talc, bentonite, kaolin, clay, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, vermiculite, slaked lime, ammonium sulfate, silica sand, urea, porous solid carriers, and liquid carriers such as water, isopropyl alcohol, methylnaphthalene, xylene, cyclohexanone, and alkylene glycol. Examples of surfactants and dispersants include dinaphthylmethanesulfonates, alcohol sulfates, lignin sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, polyoxyethylene glycol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoalkylates, and polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers. Examples of auxiliary agents include carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, acacia gum, and xanthan gum, and examples of protective agents include skim milk and pH buffers. In this case, the amount of viable cells or culture of a strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, as well as the timing and amount of application, can be appropriately determined in accordance with the case of viable cells described above. The carrier, surfactant, dispersant, and auxiliary agent can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases may optionally contain active ingredients other than the active ingredient in one embodiment of the present invention, such as fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, snailicides, feeding inhibitors, herbicides, algicides, biopesticides, pheromones, natural fungicides, natural insecticides, fertilizers, etc. Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases may contain other types of fungal strains along with strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum.

[0078] Examples of bactericidal components include iturin A, iturin AL, mycosbutyrin, basilomycin D, basilomycin F, basilomycin Lc, fengisin, prepastatin, fusalicidine, vitertanol, bromconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, enilconazole, epoxyconazole, fluquinconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, flutriafole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, mycrobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, and p Rothioconazole, simeconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate, imazalil, triflumizole, cyazofamide, benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, fuberidazole, etaboxam, etridiazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, himexazole, azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobrin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, oryzastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrazol Clostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Carboxyne, Benalaxyl, Boscalid, Bixafen, Fenhexamide, Flutolanil, Flamethopyr, Mepronil, Metalaxyl, Mefenoxam, Ofrace, Oxadixyl, Oxycarboxyne, Penthiopyrad, Tifluzamide, Thiazinil, Dimethomorph, Flumorph, Flumethober, Fluopicolide, Carpropamide, Diclosimate, Mandipropamide, Fluazinam, Pyriphenox, Bupirimate, Cyprodinil, Phenalimol, Felimzon, Mepanipyrim, Nualimol, Pi Rimethanil, Triforine, Fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, Algimorph, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph, Fenpropidine, Iprodione, Procymidone, Vinclozoline, Famoxadone, Phenamidon, Octylinone, Probenazole, Anilazine, Diclomazine, Pyrroquilon, Proquinazide, Tricyclazole, Captafor, Captan, Dazomet, Holpet, Phenoxanil, Quinoxyfen, Amisulbrom, Manzeb, Maneb, Metam, Methylam, Farbam, Propineb, Thiuram, Zineb, Ziram,Dietofencarb, iprofalicarb, benthiavaricarb isopropyl, propamocarb hydrochloride, thiophanate methyl, pyribencarb, Bordeaux mixture, basic copper chloride, basic copper sulfate, cupric hydroxide, 8-hydroxyquinoline copper, dozin, iminoctadine albesylate, iminoctadine acetate, guazatin, kasugamycin, streptomycin, polyoxin, oxytetracycline, validamycin A, binapacril, dinocap, dinovtone, dithianone, isoprothiolane, edifenphos, iprofenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl aluminum, pyrazophos, tolclophos methyl, chlorothalonil, dichloro Examples of fungicide components include, but are not limited to, fluanide, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, phthalide, pencyclon, quintozen, cyflufenaamide, cymoxanil, dimethyrimole, etyrimole, flaraxyl, metraphenone, spiroxamine, ambam, sulfur, lime sulfur mixture, eclomazole, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, thiadiazine, tecrophthalam, triazine, copper nonylphenolsulfonate, hydroxyisoxazole, fluorimide, polycarbonate, metasulfocarb, EDDP, IBP, tolfenpyrad, fluopyram, isothianil, and isopyrazam. These fungicide components can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0079] Examples of components of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, snailicides, and feeding inhibitors include 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, abamectin, acephate, acequinosyl, acetamiprid, acetylone, acetophos, acetoprole, acrinasrin, acrylonitrile, afidopiropene, alanicarb, aldoxycarb, allethrin, allicin, allosamidin, alixicarb, α-cypermethrin, α-endosulfan, amidithione, amidoflumeth, aminocarb, amiton, amitraz, anabasin, aramite, Methidathion, Azadirachtin, Azamethiphos, Adinphosethyl, Adinphosmethyl, Azobenzene, Azocyclotin, Azotoate, Barium hexafluorosilicate, Valthrin, Bencrothiaz, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Benoxaphos, Bensultap, Benzoximate, Benzyl benzoate, Beta-cyfluthrin, Beta-cypermethrin, Bifenazate, Bifensrin, Bifujunzhi, Binapacril, Biorethrin, Biometaethrin, Biopermethrin, Bistriflurone, Borax, Boric acid, Brofenvalerate, Bro Flanilide, Broflutrinate, Bromethrin, Bromufenvinphos, Bromoacetotamide, Bromocyclene, BromoDDT, Bromophos, Bromophosethyl, Bromopropylate, Bufencarb, Buprofezin, Butacarb, Butathiophos, Butetrin, Butocarboxime, Butonate, Butoxycarboxime, Kazusaphos, Calcium Polysulfate, Carvinphos, Campechlor, Carbanolate, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbon Disulfide, Carbon Tetrachloride, Carbonyl Sulfide, Carbophenothion, Carbosulfan, Cartap, Carvacrol, Ki Nomethionate, Chloramine phosphorus, Chlorantraniliprole, Chlorbenside, Chlorbenzuron, Chlorbicycline, Chlordecone, Chlorenpentrin, Chloretoxyphos, Chlorfenapyr, Chlorphenetol, Chlorphenthone, Chlorfensulfide, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlorfluazuron, Chlormephos, Chloroform, Chloromebform, Chloromethirone, Chloropicrin, Chloroprallethrin, Chloropropylate, Chlorphoxime, Chlorprazophos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Chlorthiophos,Chromafenozide, Synerin I, Synerin II, Synerin complex, cismethrin, clenpyrin, Chloetocarb, Clofentidine, Closantel, Clothianidin, Colofonate, Copper naphthenate, Copper oleate, Copper sulfate, Coumaphos, Cumithoate, CPMC, Crotamiton, Clotoxyphos, Clufomate, Cryolite, Cyanofenphos, Cyanogen, Cyanophos, Cyanotoate, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Ciclethrin, Cycloprate, Cycloprotrin, Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen, Cyfluthrin, Cy Halodiamide, cyhalotrin, cyhexatin, simazole, cypermethrin, cyromazine, cythioate, dayoutong, dazomet, DBCP, DCIP, decarbofuran, deltamethrin, demefion, demefion O, demefion S, demeton, demeton methyl, demeton O, demeton O methyl, demeton S, demeton S methyl, demeton S methylsulfone, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialiphos, diamidaphos, diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dicapton, diclofenthion, diclofluani Dichlorbenzurone, dichlorvos, dichloromesothiaz, dicofol, diclesil, diclotophos, dicyclanil, dienochlor, diflovidazine, diflubenzuron, dirol, dimefluthrin, dimehox, dimethane, dimetacarb, dimethoate, dimetrin, dimethylvinphos, dimethilane, dinex, dinobton, dinocup, dinocup 4, dinocup 6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinopprop, dinosam, dinosulfone, dinotefuran, dinoterbone, diphenolane, dioxabenzophos, dioxacarb, dioxatio Diphenyl sulfone, dipimethitron, disulfiram, disulfoton, diticlophos, dithioether, d-limonene, DNOC, dofenapine, doramectin, ecdysterone, emamectin, EMPC, empenthrin, endothion, endrin, EPN, epophenonane, eprinomectin, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon monfluorothrin, esdeparethrin, esfenvalerate, etaphos, ethiofencarb, ethione, etiprol, etoatemethyl, etoprophos, ethyl formate, ethyl DDD, ethylene dibromide,Ethylene dichloride, etofenprox, etoxazole, etrimphos, EXD, Fanfar, phenamiphos, phenazaflor, phenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorphos, phenetacarb, fenfluthrin, fenitrothion, phenobucarb, phenothiocarb, phenoxacrim, phenoxycarb, fenpyritrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, fenson, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion ethyl, fentriphanil, fenbarate, ferric phosphate, fipronil, flomethin, Flunicamide, fluacrypyrim, fluazindolin, fluazuron, flubendiamide, flubendimine, flucoflon, flucycloxlon, flucycloxlon, flucitrinate, fluenetil, fluensulfone, fluphenerim, flufenoxlon, fluphenoxystrobin, flufenprox, flufiprol, fluhexaphon, flumethrin, fluolbenside, flupyradiflon, flulalaner, fluvalinate, fluxamethamide, fonofos, formtanate, formtanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate Fosmethilan, fosspire, fosthiazate, fosthiethane, flamethrin, frantebfenozide, flatiocarb, fretrin, furfural, γ-cyhalothrin, γ-HCH, genit, guazatin, halfenprox, halofenozide, HCH, HEOD, heptafluthrin, heptenofos, heterophos, hexachlorophene, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, HHDN, hydramethylnon, hydroprene, hikincarb, imiciaphos, imidacloprid, imidaclotiz, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, IPSP, isa Midophos, Isazofos, Isobenzan, Isocarbos, Isodrine, Isofenphos, Isofephosmethyl, Isolane, Isoprocarb, Isoprothiolane, Isothioate, Isoxathion, Ivermectin, Japotrin, Jasmolin I, Jasmolin II, Jiahuangchongzong, Iodophenphos, Juvenile Hormone I, Juvenile Hormone II, Juvenile Hormone III, Cadetrin, Kappabifenthrin, Kappatefluthrin, Kereban, Quinoprene, Lambdasihalotrin, Lepimectin, Leptophos, Lilynphos, Lufenuron,Lithidathion, Malathion, Malonoben, Maltodextrin, Matrin, Magidox, Mecarbam, Mecarbhon, Medimethimol, Menazone, Meperfluthrin, Mephosphoran, Mesulfen, Mesulfenphos, Metaflumizone, Metaldehyde, Metam, Methacryphos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Metoclotophos, Methomyl, Methoprene, Methotrin, Methoxychlor, Methoxyphenozide, Methyl iodide, Methyl isothiocyanate, Methylacetophos, Methylchloroform, Methylene chloride, Metofluthrin, Metocarb, Methoxadiazone Mevinphos, Mexacalbate, Milbemectin, Milbemycin oxime, Mipahox, Milex, MNAF, Monfluorothrin, Morphothion, Moxidectin, Naphthalophos, Nared, Naphthalene, Niclosamide, Nicotin, Niflulidide, Nicomycin complex, Nitenpyram, Nichiazine, Nitrilacarb, Nornicotine, Novalon, Noviflumuron, Omethoate, Oxamyl, Oxidemetonmethyl, Oxideprophos, Oxydisulfon, Oxymatrin, Paichongding, Paradichlorobenzene, Penfluron, Pe Chlorophenol, pentometrin, permethrin, fencapton, phenothrin, fenproxide, fentoate, phorate, phosalon, phospholan, phospholanmethyl, phosglycine, phosmet, phosniclor, phosphine, phosphocarb, phostine, phoxim, phoximmethyl, pyrimetaphos, pyrimicarb, pyrimioxyphos, pyrimiphosethyl, pyrimiphosmethyl, priphenate, polythialan, potassium thiocyanate, prallethrin, precosen I, precosen II, precosen III, primidophos, proclonal, pro Phenofos, Profluthrin, Promacil, Promecarb, Propafos, Propargit, Propatrin, Propetafos, Propoxur, Protidathion, Prothiofos, Protoate, Protrefenbut, Piflubumi, Pymetrozine, Piraclofos, Pirafluprole, Pyramat, Pirazofos, Pirazothion, Pyrethmetrin, Pyrethrin I, Pyrethrin II, Pyrethrin, Pyridaben, Pyridaryl, Pyridafenthion, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyrimidifen, Pyriminostrobin, Pyrimitate, Pyriprole, Pyriproxyfen, Pyrolan,Keasia, Quinalphos, Quinalphos-methyl, Quinotion, Quinthiophos, Lafoxanide, Resmethrin, Rhodojaponin III, Rotenone, Lianya, Sabajira, Sanguinarine, Schlardan, Selamectin, Semiamitraz, Semiamitraz Chloride, Silafluofen, Silica Gel, Sodium Fluoride, Sodium Hexafluorosilicate, Sodium Chlorophenol, Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate, Sodium Thiocyanate, Sofamide, Spinetoram, Spinosad, Spiro Diclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramate, sulcoflon, sulcoflon sodium salt, sulfiram, sulfuramide, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprophos, taufluvalinate, tadimucarb, TDE, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupyrimphos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, TEPP, terarethrin, terbuphos, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorbinphos, tetradiphon, tetrameth Phosphorus, tetramethylfluthrin, tetranactin, tetraniliprole, tetrasal, tetracypermethrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiocarboxim, thiocyclam, thiodicarb, thiophanox, thiofluoximate, thiometon, thionazine, thioquinox, thiosultap, thiosultap sodium salt, thioxazafen, chilpert, tolfenpyrad, tralocitrin, tralomethrin, tralopyril, transpermethrin, trialate Examples include, but are not limited to, triazamate, triazophos, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronate, triphenmorph, triphenophos, triflumezopyrim, triflumulon, trimetacarb, triprene, triptolide, valerate, bamidthion, vaniliprole, xiaochongliulin, XMC, xylenol derivatives, xylylcarb, yishijing, zetacypermethrin, zolaprophos, alpha-ecdysone, etc. These insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, snailicides, and feeding inhibitors can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0080] Examples of herbicides and algaecides include 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, acetochlor, acicfluorphene, acroniphene, acrolein, alidoclor, alloxidim, allyl alcohol, arolac, amethidione, ametrin, amivudine, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralide, amiprofos-methyl, amiprofos, and Mitrol, ammonium sulfamate, anirophos, anislon, ashram, atlaton, atrazine, azaphenidine, azimsulfuron, adiprothrin, barban, BCPC, beflubutamide, benazoline, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfresate, bensulfuron, benslid, bentazon, bentranil, benzadox, benzalkonium chloride, benzfenzizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluol, benzoylprop, benzthiazulon, bethoxazine, bicyclopyrone, bife Knox, Vialafos, Bispiribac, Borax, Bromacil, Bromobonyl, Bromobutide, Bromophenoxime, Bromoxynil, Brompyrazone, Butachlor, Butaphenacil, Butamiphos, Butenachlor, Bithiazole, Butiurone, Butralin, Butroxidime, Buturone, Butyrate, Cacodylic acid, Cafenstrol, Calcium chlorate, Calcium cyanamide, Cambenziclor, Carvaslam, Carbetamide, Carboxazole, Carfentrazone, CDEA, CEPC, Chlomethoxynil, Chloramben, Chloranocril, C Loradihop, Chlorazine, Chlorbromulone, Chlorobafame, Chloretulone, Chlorfenac, Chlorfenprop, Chlorflurazole, Chlorflurenol, Chloridazone, Chlorimurone, Chlornidine, Chloronitrofen, Chloropone, Chlorotolurone, Chloroxurone, Chloroxynil, Chlorprocarb, Chlorprofam, Chlorsulfurone, Chlortal, Chlorthiamide, Synidone ethyl, Symmethylline, Synosulfurone, Cisanilide, Clasifos, Cretodim, Cliodinate, Clodinafop, Clohop, ChromazonClomeprop, Cloprop, Cloproxidyme, Clopyralide, Chloranslam, CMA, Copper Sulfate, CPMF, CPPC, Credazine, Cresol, Cumilon, Cyanamide, Cyanatrin, Cyanazine, Cyanogen, Sibutrin, Cycloate, Cyclopyrimolate, Cyclosulfamurone, Cycloxidyme, Cycluron, Cyhalofop, Cyperquat, Ciprazine, Ciprazole, Cipromide, Dimuron, Darapon, Dazomet, Delacrol, Desmedifam, Desmethrin, Dialate, Dicanba, Diclobenyl, Diclon, Dichloral Urea, dichloromate, dichlorophene, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclohop, diclolam, dietamquat, dietatylethyl, diphenopenten, diphenoxuron, diphenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimeflon, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametrin, dimethenamide, dimethenamide-P, dimexano, dimidazone, dinitramine, dinophenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoterb, diphenamide, dipropaline, dipropetrin, diquat, disulfide, dithioether, di Thiopil, Diuron, DMPA, DNOC, DSMA, EBEP, Eglinazine, Endotar, Epronaz, EPTC, Elbon, erlujixiancaoan, Esprocarb, Etachlor, Etalfluralin, Etametulfuron, Etaprochlor, Ethidimuron, Ethiolate, Ethiodin, Etofmesate, Ethoxyfen, Ethoxysulfuron, Ethinofen, Etonipromide, Etobenzanide, EXD, Phenaslam, Phenoprop, Phenoxaprop, Phenoxaprop-P, Phenoxasulfone, Fenquinotrione, Fen Terracol, fentiaprop, tin, fentrazamide, fenulon, iron sulfate, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, floralam, fluazihop, fluazihop-P, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, fluphenacet, flufenican, flufenpir, flumetulam, flumazine, flumicrolac, flumioxazine, flumipropine, fluomethron, fluorodiphen, fluoroglycofen, fluoromidine, fluoronitrophen, fluothirone, flupoxam,Flupropasil, Flupropanate, Flupirsulfuron, Flulidone, Flurochloridone, Fluroxypil, Flulutamon, Fluthiaset, Fomseifen, Folamsulfuron, Hosamin, Fukaodin, Fukaomi, Funaihekaolin, Fryloxyfen, Glufosinate, Glufosinate-P, Glyphosate, Haraxifen, Halosaphen, Halosulfuron, Haloxydine, Haloxyhop, Haloxyhop-P, Herbimycin, Hexachloroacetone, Hexaflurate, Hexazinone, Huankaiwo, Huankaolin, Slaked lime, Ima Zametabenz, Imazamox, Imazapick, Imazapir, Imazakine, Imazetapir, Imazosulfuron, Indanophan, Indadiflame, Iodobonyl, Iodosulfuron-methyl, Iofensulfuron, Ioxinil, Ipfencarbazone, Iprimidum, Isocarbamide, Isosyl, Isomethidine, Isonolone, Isopolinate, Isoproparin, Isoproturone, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxachlorotol, Isoxaflutol, Isosapirhop, Carbutyrate, Ketospiradox, Quicaoxy, Lac Tofen, Renasil, Linuron, MAA, MAMA, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-P, Medinoterb, Mefenacet, Mefluidide, Mesoprazine, Mesosulfuron, Mesotrione, Metam, Metamihop, Metamitron, Metazachlor, Metazosulfuron, Metoflurazone, Metabenzthiazulon, Metalpropalin, Metasol, Methiobencarb, Methiopyrisulfuron, Methiozoline, Methyluron, Metmetone, Metoprothrin, Methoxyphenone, Methyl bromide, Methyl iodide, Isothiocyan Methyl methate, methyl dimuron, metobenzurone, metobromulone, metrachlor, metoslam, metoxrone, metrivudine, metosulfurone, molinate, monalide, monisourone, monochloroacetic acid, monolinurone, monosulfurone, monurone, morphamcort, MSMA, nervam, naproanilide, napropamide-M, naptalam, nebulon, nicosulfurone, nipiraclofen, nitraline, nitrofen, nitrofluorphene, norflurazone, norlon, OCH, olbencarb, o-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamurone,Oryzalin, oxaziargyl, oxadiazone, oxapirazone, oxasulfuron, oxadiclomefone, oxyfluorphene, paraflurone, paraquat, pebrate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxulam, pentachlorophenyl laurate, pentanoclor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, petoxamide, phenisophane, fenmedifam, fenmedifam-ethyl, phenobenzuron, picloram, picolinafene, pinoxadene, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, procyazin, prodiamine, Profluazole, Profluralin, Profoxidim, Proglinadin, Prometon, Prometrin, Propaclor, Propanil, Propaxafop, Propazine, Profam, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propyrisulfuron, Propyzamide, Prosulfarin, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Proxan, Prinachlor, Pidanone, Pyraclonil, Pyraclonifen, Pyrasulfol, Pyrazolate, Pyrazosulfuron, Pyrazoxiphene, Pyrabambenz-isopropyl, Pyrabambenzpropyl, Pyribenzoxime, Py Ribencarb, Pyrichlor, Pyridafol, Piridate, Pyriphthalide, Pyriminovac, Pyrimisulfan, Pyrthiovac, Pyroxasulfone, Pyroxyslam, Kinchlorac, Kinmelac, Quinoclamine, Quinonamide, Quizalohop, Quizalohop-P, Rhodetanyl, Limusulfuron, Saflufenacil, Cebutyrazine, Secubumeton, Cethoxydim, Shuangjiaancaolin, Sidurone, Simazine, Symeton, Symetrin, SMA, S-Metrachloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sulcotrione, Sulfate, Sulfent Razon, sulfomethron, sulfosulfuron, sulglycapine, Swep, Tablon, TCA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tenbotrione, tepraloxidim, terbasil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumetone, terbutyrazine, terbutrin, tetraflurone, tenylchlor, triaziflame, thiazopyr, thidiadimine, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, thiafenasil, thiocarbasil, thiochlorim, torpylate, topramezon, tralcoxidim, triafamone,Examples include, but are not limited to, trialate, triasulfuron, tribenulon, tricamba, triclopyr, tridiphan, trietadine, trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triphop, trihopsim, trihydroxytriazine, trimethuron, tripropindan, tritac, tritosulfuron, vernolate, xylacrol, etc. These herbicides and algaecides can be used individually or in combination of two or more components.

[0081] Examples of biological pesticide components include nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema graseri, Monacrosporium phymatophagum, Steinernema kushidai, Pasteuria penetrans, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus methylotrophycus, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus oryzicola, Bacillus sp.), Bacillus thuringensis, Erwinia cartovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas putida, Talaromyces flavus, Trichoderma atroviride, Beauveria brongniartii, Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Verticillium lecanii, Xanthomonas campestris, Encarsia Examples include, but are not limited to, *Paraphyllum formosa*, *Eretmocerus eremicus*, *Eretmocerus mundus*, *Aphidoletes aphidimyza*, *Aphidoletes aphidimyza*, *Diglyphus isaea*, *Dacnusa sibirica*, *Phytoseiulus persimilis*, *Amblyseius cucumeris*, *Amblyseius californicus*, and *Orius strigicollis*. The components of these biological pesticides can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0082] Examples of pheromone agents (insect attractants) include, but are not limited to, Brevicomin, Ceralure, Kodremon, Kyurua, Disparua, Dominicalle 1, Eugenol, Frontalin, Gosiprure, Grandis, Hexalua, Ipsdienol, Ipsenol, Japonilua, Lacyllure, Lineatin, Littleua, Lupurua, Medruua, Megatomoic acid, Methyl eugenol, Moguchun, Muscarua, Orfuralua, Orictalua, Ostramon, Rescalle, Sigurrure, Sulcatol, Trimedrua, Trunkol, α-Multistratin, etc. These pheromone agents (insect attractants) can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0083] Examples of pheromone agents (insect repellents) include, but are not limited to, Acrep, buttopyrronoxyl, camphor, d-camphor, carboxymide, dibutyl phthalate, diethyltoluamide, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, etohexadiol, hexanoamide, picaridin, metkin-butyl, methylneodecanamide, 2-(methylthio)ethanol, oxamate, Quench, Quingzing, Rebemid, and Zengxiaoan. These pheromone agents (insect repellents) can be used individually or in combination of two or more ingredients.

[0084] Examples of natural fungicides and insecticides include, but are not limited to, machine oil, methylphenyl acetate, α-pinene, protein hydrolysates, (Z)-1-tetradecen-1-ol, and turpentine oil. These natural fungicides and insecticides can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0085] (Method for controlling plant diseases) In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases can be applied directly as is, or diluted with water or the like before application. The method of applying the composition for use in controlling plant diseases is not particularly limited and includes, for example, spraying it directly on plants or pathogens, spraying it on the soil, adding it to water or fertilizer added to plants or soil, or coating seeds with it. Furthermore, the amount of formulation to be applied varies depending on the target disease, target crop, application method, incidence trend, degree of damage, environmental conditions, and formulation used, so it is preferable to adjust it as appropriate.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plants to which the control method is applied refer to plants or groups of plants such as wild plants, cultivated plants, naturally occurring plants, and cultivated plants, and also include plants produced by breeding methods such as introduction breeding, isolation breeding, hybrid breeding, hybrid vigor breeding, mutation breeding, polyploidy breeding, genetic modification (gene introduction), and marker-assisted selection. Furthermore, the plants to be treated may be the whole plant or a part of the plant. In one embodiment of the present invention, when the control method is applied to a plant, it can be applied to the plant or the area surrounding the plant. The area surrounding the plant refers to soil (soil in which seeds are sown), paddy fields, water for hydroponics, cultivation materials, etc. Furthermore, the method of application to the plant may include spraying, scattering, powdering, spraying, diffusion, immersion, drenching, injection, watering (immersion), foaming, coating, powder coating, coating, spraying, fumigation, smoke, fogging, painting, etc., and preferably includes soil mixing, drenching, seed coating, seed immersion, or foliar application. These plant application methods can be used individually or in combination of two or more methods.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, when applying a composition for use in controlling plant diseases, such application can be carried out throughout the plant's growing and storage periods. Hereinafter, in one embodiment of the present invention, the control method can target part or all of the plant. Part of the plant means the leaves, stems, trunks, branches, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers, rhizomes, or a combination thereof.

[0088] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for use in controlling plant diseases can be used after adjusting the application rate to an amount that is effective but not toxic to plants. Here, an amount that is effective but not toxic to plants is an amount that can sufficiently control the causative agent of the plant disease without harming the plant, and this amount can vary over a relatively wide range depending on the causative agent of the plant disease to be controlled, the plant to which it is applied, the natural environment in which it is used, and the components of the composition for use in controlling plant diseases.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the control method, all the components described in the above section (Compositions for use in controlling plant diseases), such as the type of fungal strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum, and the target plant disease, can be applied individually or in combination of two or more.

[0090] The present invention will be specifically described by the following manufacturing examples, embodiments, and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0091] 1. Efficacy Test against Plant Diseases (Obtaining various fungal strains, culturing fungal strains, and preparing dried powder) Filamentous fungal strains, including various strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum as listed in Tables 2 and 3, were obtained from NBRC. Each strain was cultured on potato-dextrose agar at 25°C for 7 days to be used as a starter culture for subsequent cultivation.

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] As a pre-culture, various bacteria on the potato-dextrose agar medium were punched out along with the agar medium using a cork borer, and F1 medium (2% potato starch, 1% glucose, 2% soy flour, 0.1% KH) was used. ２ PO ４ , 0.05% MgSO４ 7H ２ O) After inoculating a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of F1 medium, the mixture was cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm and 28°C for 2 days. 2 ml of the culture obtained from the above pre-culture was further inoculated into a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of F1 medium, and cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm and 30°C for 4 days. Approximately 100 g of each culture obtained as described above was frozen at -80°C, then freeze-dried under reduced pressure and pulverized. The dried powders obtained in this way were designated as Production Examples 1 to 40 (corresponding to strains No. 1 to 40, respectively).

[0095] Next, we present test examples of compositions used in the control of plant diseases that were tested for their effectiveness.

[0096] (Test Example 1: Efficacy Test 1 against Tomato Late Blight) Six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of each of the above production examples 1 to 40, diluted 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a dilution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) (Bacillus amylorique faciens wettable powder, manufactured by SDS Biotech Co., Ltd.), diluted 250 times with distilled water, was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato late blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid room at 22°C for 16 hours, then left to stand in the greenhouse for 3 days, and the diseased area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control value (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group, and the following four-stage evaluation was performed based on that control value. Control value of 80 or higher: +++, Control value of 50 or higher but less than 80: ++, Control value of 30 or higher but less than 50: +, Control value less than 30: -

[0097] (Test Example 2: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Gray Mold) Cucumbers at the cotyledon stage (variety: Hanshiro Setsunari, 2 seeds planted) grown in a greenhouse in 5 cm diameter plastic pots were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions prepared by diluting each of the above production examples 1 to 40 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a dilution prepared by diluting the above-mentioned Impression Clear (registered trademark) 250 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, cucumber cotyledons were cut at the hypocotyl and arranged in a plastic case under humid chamber conditions. 50 μL of a spore suspension of cucumber gray mold fungus (Botrytis cinerea) was dropped onto a PAPER DISK (antibiotic testing paper disc, thick 8 mm, manufactured by Toyo Roshi Co., Ltd.), and this was placed on the center of the cucumber cotyledons so that the dropping surface was in contact with the leaf. The diameter of lesions that appeared on cucumber leaves three days after inoculation was measured, and the control efficacy (%) was determined by comparing it with the untreated group. Based on this control efficacy, the following four-stage evaluation was performed: Control efficacy of 80 or more: +++, Control efficacy of 50 or more but less than 80: ++, Control efficacy of 30 or more but less than 50: +, Control efficacy of less than 30: -

[0098] (Test Example 3: Efficacy Test against Rice Blast Disease) Rice plants (variety: Koshihikari, 12 plants planted) grown in 5 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse until the 2.5-leaf stage were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of each of the above production examples 1 to 40, diluted 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a dilution of the above-mentioned Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 250 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) spores was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid room at 25°C for 24 hours, then managed in a greenhouse for 7 days, and the number of lesions on the inoculated leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control value (%) was calculated based on the number of lesions in the untreated group, and the control value was evaluated in the following four stages. Control value of 80 or higher: +++, Control value of 50 or higher but less than 80: ++, Control value of 30 or higher but less than 50: +, Control value less than 30: -

[0099] (Test Example 4: Efficacy Test against Wheat Rust Disease) Wheat (variety: Norin 61, 8 plants planted) grown in a greenhouse in 5 cm diameter plastic pots until the 2-leaf stage was sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of each of the above production examples 1 to 40, diluted 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a dilution of the above-mentioned Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 250 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a spore suspension of the wheat rust fungus (Puccinia recondita) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid room at 22°C for 24 hours, then managed in a greenhouse for 10 days, and the control value was determined from the diseased area percentage of the inoculated leaves. The control value (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated area, and the following four levels were evaluated based on that control value. Control value of 80 or higher: +++, Control value of 50 or higher but less than 80: ++, Control value of 30 or higher but less than 50: +, Control value less than 30: -

[0100] (Test Example 5: Efficacy Test against Chinese Cabbage Black Spot Disease) Chinese cabbage (variety: Nozaki No. 2, 5 seeds planted) grown in a greenhouse in 5 cm diameter plastic pots up to the 2-leaf stage was sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of each of the above production examples 1 to 40, diluted 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a dilution of the above-mentioned Impression Clear, diluted 250 times with distilled water, was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a spore suspension of the Chinese cabbage black spot fungus (Alternaria brassicae) was spray-inoculated. After keeping the inoculated pots in a humid room at 22°C for 72 hours, the disease area percentage of the inoculated leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control value (%) was calculated based on the disease area percentage of the untreated area, and the following four levels were evaluated based on that control value. Control value of 80 or higher: +++, Control value of 50 or higher but less than 80: ++, Control value of 30 or higher but less than 50: +, Control value less than 30: -

[0101] The results of Test Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Tables 4 to 6. Production Examples 15 to 21 are cultures of strains 15 to 21 belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum. Comparative Example 1, an existing commercially available Bacillus amyloriquefaciens agent, showed a high disease-suppressing effect only on cucumber gray mold among the five diseases tested. Furthermore, Production Examples 1 to 14 and Production Examples 22 to 40 showed no disease-suppressing effect on only one of the five diseases tested, or on none of the diseases. On the other hand, Production Examples 15 to 21, which are cultures of strains 15 to 21 listed in Table 2 belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum, showed disease-suppressing effects on two or more diseases. In particular, production examples 15-21, which are cultures of strains 15-21 belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum, showed a high inhibitory effect on tomato blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, a member of the oomycetes.

[0102]

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] (Test Example 6: Efficacy Test 2 against Tomato Late Blight - Comparison of Eupenicillium javanicum strains) Six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of each of the above production examples 15-21, diluted 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times with distilled water, respectively. As Comparative Example 1, dilutions of the above-mentioned Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times with distilled water, respectively, were used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato late blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid room at 22°C for 16 hours, then left to stand in the room for 3 days, and the disease area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage in the untreated plots. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0106]

[0107] As shown in Table 7, Production Examples 15-21, all of which involved strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum, showed a control value of 80 or higher against tomato blight when treated with a 500-fold dilution, demonstrating a higher disease suppression effect compared to Comparative Example 1. In particular, the cultures of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strains (Production Examples 18 and 20) showed a control value of 90 or higher even when treated with a 2000-fold dilution, demonstrating a high disease suppression effect.

[0108] (Test Example 7: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Downy Mildew) Cucumbers (variety: Hanpaku Setsunari) at the 2.5-leaf stage, grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse, were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun onto the undersides of their leaves. Dilutions of Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times respectively with distilled water were used to test the above. As Comparative Example 1, dilutions of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times with distilled water were used in the same manner as above. Furthermore, as Comparative Example 2, dilutions of Z Bordeaux mixture (copper hydroxide, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), diluted 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times with distilled water were used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of spores of cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) was spray-inoculated onto the undersides of the leaves. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid chamber at 22°C for 18 hours, then left to stand indoors for 3 days. The diseased area percentage of the first and second leaves was investigated, and the control efficacy was determined. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0109]

[0110] As shown in Table 8, in manufacturing examples 18 and 20, the control value was 80 or higher even when treated with a 2000-fold dilution, demonstrating an extremely high control effect against cucumber downy mildew compared to Comparative Example 1 (control value of 5.6 when treated with a 500-fold dilution). Manufacturing examples 18 and 20 showed a higher control effect than Comparative Example 2 even when treated with a 2000-fold dilution. Chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, such as Comparative Example 2, may cause staining of harvested crops when applied immediately before harvest, and may also cause phytotoxicity when sprayed during high-temperature periods. On the other hand, unlike the above-mentioned chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, manufacturing examples 18 and 20 can be used without restrictions on the number of applications and up until immediately before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0111] (Test Example 8: Efficacy Test against Grapevine Downy Mildew) Leaf discs were cut from the true leaves of grapevines (variety: Delaware) cultivated in the field using a 3 cm diameter cork borer. A sufficient amount of diluted solutions of Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 2000 times and 4000 times respectively with distilled water, were sprayed onto the underside of the prepared leaf discs using a spray gun. As Comparative Example 1, diluted solutions of Impression Clear (registered trademark) mentioned above, diluted 2000 times and 4000 times respectively with distilled water, were used in the same manner as above. Furthermore, as Comparative Example 3, diluted solutions of Ranman (registered trademark) Flowable (cyazofamide wettable powder, manufactured by Ishihara Bioscience Co., Ltd.), diluted 2000 times and 4000 times respectively with distilled water, were used in the same manner as above. After the spray solution on the leaf discs was air-dried, a suspension of zoosporangia of the grapevine downy mildew fungus (Plasmopara viticola) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated leaf discs were collected in plastic cases under humid conditions and left to stand for one week. The disease area percentage of lesions that appeared on the leaf discs was then investigated to determine the control efficacy. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the disease area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0112]

[0113] As shown in Table 9, in Production Examples 18 and 20, the control efficacy was 89.3 or higher even when treated with a 4000-fold dilution, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy against grape downy mildew compared to Comparative Example 1 (control efficacy of 18.1 when treated with a 2000-fold dilution). Production Examples 18 and 20 showed control efficacy equivalent to Comparative Example 3 even when treated with a 4000-fold dilution. Comparative Example 3 is a chemical agent and has limitations on the number of uses due to the risk of resistance development and impact on humans, animals, and the environment. On the other hand, unlike Comparative Example 3, Production Examples 18 and 20 have no restrictions on the number of uses and can be used until just before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0114] (Test Example 9: Efficacy Test against Radish White Rust Disease) Radishes (variety: Kenshi Sotofutori) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse for about 3 weeks were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with dilutions of Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 1000 times and 2000 times, respectively with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, dilutions of Impression Clear (registered trademark) mentioned above, diluted 1000 times and 2000 times, respectively with distilled water, were used in the same manner as above. Furthermore, as Comparative Example 3, dilutions of Ranman (registered trademark) Flowable mentioned above, diluted 1000 times and 2000 times, respectively with distilled water, were used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a spore suspension of the radish white rust fungus (Albugo macrospora) was spray-inoculated. After keeping the inoculated pots in a humid room at 22°C for 30 hours, they were managed in a greenhouse for 2 weeks, and the disease area percentage of the first and second leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage in the untreated plots. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 10, in production examples 18 and 20, the control value was 94 or higher even when treated with a 2000-fold dilution, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy against radish white rust compared to the comparative example (control value of 38.0 when treated with a 1000-fold dilution). Production examples 18 and 20 showed the same control value as comparative example 3 even when treated with a 2000-fold dilution. Comparative example 3 is a chemical agent and has limitations on the number of uses due to the risk of resistance development and impact on humans, animals, and the environment. On the other hand, unlike comparative example 3, production examples 18 and 20 have no restrictions on the number of uses and can be used until just before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0117] (Test Example 10: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Brown Spot Disease) Three-leaf cucumbers (variety: High Green 21) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with a diluted solution of Production Example 18 or Production Example 20 diluted 250 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a diluted solution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 250 times with distilled water was used in the same manner. As Comparative Example 4, a diluted solution of Daconil (registered trademark) 1000 (tetrachloroin sophthalonitrile (TPN) wettable powder, manufactured by SDS Biotech Co., Ltd.) diluted 1000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a spore suspension of the cucumber brown spot fungus (Corynesporacassiicola) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a 25°C humid chamber for 24 hours, then managed in a greenhouse for one week. The diseased area percentage of the second and third leaves was investigated to determine the control efficacy. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0118]

[0119] As shown in Table 11, production examples 18 and 20 achieved a control value of 62 or higher, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy against cucumber brown spot disease compared to Comparative Example 1 (control value of 40.5 with treatment using a 250-fold diluted solution). Comparative Example 4 also showed a high control value, but Comparative Example 4 is a chemical agent and has limitations on the number of applications due to the risk of resistance development and impact on humans, animals, and the environment. On the other hand, unlike Comparative Example 4, production examples 18 and 20 have no restrictions on the number of applications and can be used until just before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0120] (Test Example 11: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Anthracnose) Cucumbers (variety: Hanshiro Setsunari) at the 2.5-leaf stage, grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse, were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with a diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 2000 times with distilled water. As Comparative Example 1, a diluted solution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 1000 times with distilled water was used, and as Comparative Example 5, a diluted solution of Kocide (registered trademark) 3000 (copper hydroxide, manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) diluted 2000 times with distilled water was used, both in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a spore suspension of the cucumber anthracnose fungus (Colletotrichum orbiculare) was spray-inoculated. After keeping the inoculated pots in a humid room at 25°C for 24 hours, they were managed in a greenhouse for 10 days, and the disease area percentage of the first and second leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage in the untreated area. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0121]

[0122] As shown in Table 12, in production examples 18 and 20, treatment with a 2000-fold dilution resulted in a control value of 88 or higher, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy against cucumber anthracnose compared to Comparative Example 1 (control value of 52.0 with a 1000-fold dilution). Production examples 18 and 20 showed control values ​​equivalent to Comparative Example 5 even with a 2000-fold dilution. Chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, such as Comparative Example 5, may cause staining of harvested crops if applied immediately before harvest, and may also cause phytotoxicity if sprayed during high-temperature periods. On the other hand, unlike the above-mentioned chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, production examples 18 and 20 can be used without restrictions on the number of applications and up until immediately before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0123] (Test Example 12: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Powdery Mildew (Field Test)) Test conducted in a greenhouse using cucumbers (Variety: Yuumi 637, Test plot: 5m ２The experiment was conducted with 12 plants per plot (3 consecutive treatments). A diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 1000 times with distilled water, was sprayed three times at 7-day intervals. The disease severity in each plot was calculated from the diseased area percentage on 120 leaves per plot. As Comparative Example 1, a diluted solution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 1000 times with distilled water, and as Comparative Example 4, a diluted solution of Daconil (registered trademark) 1000, diluted 1000 times with distilled water, were tested in the same manner as above. The control value (%) was calculated based on the disease severity in the untreated plot. The results are shown in Table 13.

[0124]

[0125] As shown in Table 13, in production examples 18 and 20, treatment with a 1000-fold diluted solution resulted in a control efficacy of 64.8 or higher, which is equivalent to or better than Comparative Example 1 (control efficacy of 65.4 with a 1000-fold diluted solution) in controlling cucumber powdery mildew. Comparative Example 4 also showed a high control efficacy, but Comparative Example 4 is a chemical agent and has limitations on the number of applications due to the risk of developing resistant strains and its impact on humans, animals, and the environment. On the other hand, unlike Comparative Example 4, production examples 18 and 20 have no restrictions on the number of applications and can be used until just before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0126] (Test Example 13: Efficacy Test against Eggplant Gray Mold (Field Test)) Test conducted in a greenhouse using eggplant (Variety: PC Chikuyo, Test plot: 4.8m) ２ The experiment was conducted using a 3-stage system (4 plants, 12 main branches / stage). Disease occurrence was assumed to be spontaneous. A diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 2000 times with distilled water, was sprayed three times at 7-day intervals. The diseased fruit rate was determined from the number of fruits surveyed and the number of diseased fruits, and the control value was calculated. As Comparative Example 6, a diluted solution of Botokiller (registered trademark) wettable powder (Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, manufactured by SDS Biotech Co., Ltd.), diluted 1000 times with distilled water, was used in the same manner as above. The control value (%) was calculated based on the diseased fruit rate in the untreated area. The results are shown in Table 14.

[0127]

[0128] As shown in Table 14, in production examples 18 and 20, treatment with a 2000-fold diluted solution resulted in a control value of 56.5 or higher, demonstrating an extremely high control effect against eggplant gray mold compared to comparative example 6 (control value of 32.5 with treatment with a 1000-fold diluted solution).

[0129] (Test Example 14: Efficacy Test against Tomato Gray Mold (Field Test)) Test conducted in a greenhouse using tomatoes (Variety: House Momotaro, Test plot: 5.4 m) ２ The experiment was conducted using a 12-plant / 3-unit system. A diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 2000 times with distilled water, was sprayed three times at 7-day intervals. The diseased fruit rate was determined from the number of fruits surveyed and the number of diseased fruits, and the control value was calculated. In the above experiment, diseased eggplant fruits, which had been inoculated by wounding to promote disease development, were hung above the buffer plot as a source of infection. As Comparative Example 1, a diluted solution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 1000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The control value (%) was calculated based on the diseased fruit rate in the untreated plot. The results are shown in Table 15.

[0130]

[0131] As shown in Table 15, compared to Comparative Example 1 (a control value of 51.9 when treated with a 1000-fold diluted solution), Production Examples 18 and 20 showed a control value of 62 or higher even when treated with a 2000-fold diluted solution, half the amount of Comparative Example 1, demonstrating an extremely high control effect against tomato gray mold.

[0132] (Test Example 15: Efficacy Test against Gray Mold in Green Beans (Field Test)) Green beans (Variety: Kamogawa Green, Test Plot: 6m) in a greenhouse. ２ The experiment was conducted using a single plot (32 plants / plot, 3 consecutive plots). A diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 2000 times with distilled water, was sprayed three times at 7-day intervals, and the disease severity was calculated from the diseased area percentage. In the above experiment, diseased eggplant fruits, which had been inoculated by wounding to promote disease development, were hung above the buffer plot as a source of infection. As Comparative Example 1, a diluted solution of Impression Clear (registered trademark) diluted 1000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The above control value (%) was calculated based on the disease severity of the untreated plot. The results are shown in Table 16.

[0133]

[0134] As shown in Table 16, compared with Comparative Example 1 (control value was 51.9 with treatment using a 1000-fold dilution), in Production Examples 18 and 20, even with treatment using a 2000-fold dilution which was half the amount of Comparative Example 1, a control value of 62 or more was shown, and an extremely high control effect against kidney bean gray mold was obtained.

[0135] (Test Example 16: Effect test on grape downy mildew (field test)) Grapes under open-field cultivation (variety: Kyoho, test plot: 10.5 m ２ / plot, number of surveyed leaves 150 leaves / plot, triple plot) were used for the test. A dilution obtained by diluting the above Production Example 18 or Production Example 20 500-fold with distilled water was sprayed three times at 10-day intervals, and the disease severity was calculated from the diseased area ratio of the leaves. As Comparative Example 7, a dilution obtained by diluting Zimandaizen (registered trademark) wettable powder (mancozeb wettable powder, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1000-fold with distilled water was used for the test in the same manner as above. The control value (%) was calculated based on the disease severity of the untreated plot. The results are shown in Table 17.

[0136]

[0137] As shown in Table 17, in Production Examples 18 and 20, with treatment using a 500-fold dilution, the control value was 51.8 or more, and a high control effect was obtained. Although Comparative Example 7 also shows a high control value, Comparative Example 7 is a chemical agent and has a usage limit due to the risk of generating resistant bacteria and the impact on humans, livestock, and the environment. On the other hand, different from the above Comparative Example 7, Production Examples 18 and 20 have no usage limit and can be used until immediately before harvest, so their usefulness is high.

[0138] (Test Example 17: Effect test of soil perfusion treatment on cucumber damping-off) Cucumber (variety: unknown) at the cotyledon stage grown in a cell tray in a greenhouse and contaminated soil mixed with cucumber damping-off pathogen (Pythium spp.) cultured in rice bran soil medium were prepared. The above cucumbers were potted in 7.5 cm pots filled with the above contaminated soil (test scale: 30 pots / plot, triple plot), and a dilution obtained by diluting the above Production Example 18 or Production Example 20 1000-fold with distilled water was applied at 2.0 L / m ２The plants were treated by drenching at the specified ratio. As Comparative Example 8, a diluted solution of Subduemax® liquid (Metalaxyl M liquid, manufactured by Syngenta Japan Ltd.) diluted 6000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The number of withered plants was investigated 4 days after treatment to determine the diseased plant rate. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased plant rate in the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 18.

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 18, in production examples 18 and 20, treatment with a 1000-fold diluted solution resulted in a control value of 57 or higher, demonstrating a high control effect. Comparative Example 8 also showed a high control value, but Comparative Example 8 is a chemical agent and has limitations on the number of uses due to the risk of resistant strain development and its impact on humans, animals, and the environment. On the other hand, unlike Comparative Example 8, production examples 18 and 20 have no limitations on the number of uses and the possibility of resistant strain development is low, thus demonstrating high usefulness.

[0141] (Test Example 18: Efficacy Test against Onion Soft Rot (Field Test)) Open-field cultivated onions (Variety: Neo Earth, Test plot: 1.6m ２ The test was conducted using a 3-stage system (60 plants per stage, 3 consecutive stages). A diluted solution of either Production Example 18 or Production Example 20, diluted 500 times with distilled water, was sprayed three times at 7-day intervals, and the diseased plant rate was calculated. As Comparative Example 5, a diluted solution of Kocide (registered trademark) 3000 wettable powder, diluted 1000 times with distilled water, was tested in the same manner as above. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased plant rate in the untreated stage. The results are shown in Table 19.

[0142]

[0143] As shown in Table 19, in production examples 18 and 20, a control value of 62.3 or higher was achieved with treatment using a 500-fold diluted solution, demonstrating a high control effect. Comparative Example 5 also showed a high control value, but chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, such as Comparative Example 5, may cause staining of harvested crops if applied immediately before harvest, and may also cause phytotoxicity if sprayed during high-temperature periods. On the other hand, unlike the above-mentioned chemical agents containing inorganic copper as an active ingredient, production examples 18 and 20 can be used without restrictions on the number of applications and right up until immediately before harvest, thus demonstrating high utility.

[0144] 2. Examination of Culture Medium Composition (Culturing of Fungal Strains and Preparation of Dried Powder) As a pre-culture, 7996 strains of Eupenicillium javanicum on potato-dextrose agar medium, as described in "1. Efficacy Test against Plant Diseases" (Obtaining various fungal strains, culturing of fungal strains, and preparation of dried powder), were punched out together with the agar medium using a cork borer, and F1 medium (2% potato starch, 1% glucose, 2% soy flour, 0.1% KH) was prepared. ２ PO ４ , 0.05% MgSO ４ 7H ２ O) After inoculating a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of culture medium, the mixture was cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm and 28°C for 2 days. 2 ml of the culture obtained from the above pre-culture was inoculated into a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of each medium having the composition described in Table 20, and cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm and 30°C for 4 days. Approximately 100 g of each culture obtained in this way was frozen at -80°C, then freeze-dried under reduced pressure and pulverized. The dried powders obtained in this way were designated as Production Examples 41 to 53.

[0145] (Test Example 19: Efficacy Test 3 against Tomato Late Blight) Then, in order to compare the performance of Production Example 20 obtained in "1. Efficacy Test against Plant Diseases" (obtaining various fungal strains, culturing fungal strains, and preparing dried powders) and Production Examples 41-53 above as compositions for use in controlling plant diseases, the following test was conducted. First, six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with diluted solutions of Production Examples 20 and 41-53, each diluted 2000 times with distilled water. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato late blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. After keeping the inoculated pots in a humid room at 22°C for 16 hours, they were left to stand in the room for 3 days, and the diseased area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated to determine the control value. The control value (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 20.

[0146]

[0147] As shown in Table 20, production example 41, in which the sugar source was 3% glucose, and production example 52, in which the nitrogen source was 0.6% cottonseed meal, showed particularly high disease suppression effects.

[0148] 3. Examination of Formulations Examples of formulations are shown below. Note that "parts" refers to parts by mass.

[0149] (Formulation Example 1) 80 parts of the dried powder obtained by Production Example 18 and 20 parts of sodium ligninsulfonate were mixed and ground to obtain a wettable powder.

[0150] (Formulation Example 2) 80 parts of the dried powder obtained in Production Example 20 and 20 parts of sodium ligninsulfonate were mixed and ground to obtain a wettable powder.

[0151] (Formulation Example 3) 30 parts of the dried powder obtained in Production Example 18, 48 parts of white carbon, 20 parts of sodium ligninsulfonate, and 2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester were mixed and ground, and granulated to obtain a wettable powder granule.

[0152] (Formulation Example 4) 30 parts of the dried powder obtained in Production Example 20, 48 parts of white carbon, 20 parts of sodium ligninsulfonate, and 2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester were mixed and ground, and granulated to obtain a granular wettable powder.

[0153] (Formulation Example 5) In the "1. Efficacy Test against Plant Diseases" above (Obtaining various strains, culturing strains, and preparing dried powder), strain No. 18 (Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994) was used, and pre-culturing was performed using the same procedure and method. Then, 2 ml of the culture obtained from the above pre-culturing was inoculated into a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of F1 medium, and cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm, 30°C for 4 days to obtain a culture solution. 95 parts of the culture solution obtained in this way were mixed with 5 parts of calcium chloride to obtain a liquid formulation.

[0154] (Formulation Example 6) In the "1. Efficacy Test against Plant Diseases" above (Obtaining various strains, culturing strains, and preparing dried powder), strain No. 20 (Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996) was used, and pre-culturing was performed using the same procedure and method. Then, 2 ml of the culture obtained from the above pre-culturing was inoculated into a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of F1 medium, and cultured in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm, 30°C for 4 days to obtain a culture solution. 95 parts of the culture solution obtained in this way were mixed with 5 parts of calcium chloride to obtain a liquid formulation.

[0155] (Test Example 20: Efficacy Test against Tomato Late Blight 4: Efficacy of Wettable Powder) Production Example 18 or 20 (dried powder) was diluted with distilled water to 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively. Formulation Example 1 or 2 (wettable powder) was also diluted with distilled water to 400 times, 800 times, and 1600 times, respectively. The dilutions obtained in this way were adjusted so that the dilution ratios of the original dried powder were 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively, as in Production Examples 18 and 20. Six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with the dilutions of Production Examples 18 and 20 and Formulation Examples 1 and 2. As Comparative Example 3, a dilution of the above-mentioned Lanman® Flowable diluted 2000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid chamber at 22°C for 16 hours, then left to stand indoors for 3 days. The diseased area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated, and the control efficacy was determined. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 21.

[0156]

[0157] As shown in Table 21, formulations 1 and 2, which are wettable powders of cultures of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strains (production examples 18 and 20), both showed a control value of 80 or higher against tomato blight when treated at a dilution of 2000 times, demonstrating a high disease suppression effect.

[0158] (Test Example 21: Efficacy Test against Cucumber Downy Mildew 2: Efficacy of Wettable Powder) Production Example 18 or 20 (dried powder) was diluted 500 times and 1000 times with distilled water, respectively. Formulation Example 1 or 2 (wettable powder) was also diluted 400 times and 800 times with distilled water, respectively. The dilutions obtained in this way were adjusted so that the dilution ratios of the original dried powder were 500 times and 1000 times, respectively, similar to Production Examples 18 and 20. A sufficient amount of the diluted solutions of Production Examples 18 and 20 and Formulation Examples 1 and 2 were sprayed onto the underside of the leaves of 2.5-leaf stage cucumbers (variety: Hanshiro Setsunari) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse using a spray gun. As Comparative Example 3, a diluted solution of the above-mentioned Ranman® Flowable diluted 1000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of spores of cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) was spray-inoculated onto the underside of the leaves. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid chamber at 22°C for 18 hours, then left to stand indoors for 3 days. The diseased area percentage of the first and second leaves was investigated, and the control efficacy was determined. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 22.

[0159]

[0160] As shown in Table 22, formulations 1 and 2, which are wettable powders of cultures of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strains (production examples 18 and 20), both showed a control value of 80 or higher against cucumber downy mildew when treated at a 500-fold dilution, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy.

[0161] (Test Example 22: Efficacy Test 5 against Tomato Late Blight - Efficacy of Granular Wettable Powder) Production Example 18 or 20 (dried powder) was diluted with distilled water to 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively. Formulation Example 3 or 4 (granular wettable powder) was diluted with distilled water to 150 times, 300 times, and 600 times, respectively. The dilutions obtained in this way were adjusted so that the dilution ratios of the original dried powder corresponded to 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively, as in Production Examples 18 and 20. Six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with the dilutions from Production Examples 18 and 20 and Formulation Examples 3 and 4. As Comparative Example 3, a dilution of the above-mentioned Lanman® Flowable diluted 2000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid chamber at 22°C for 16 hours, then left to stand indoors for 3 days. The diseased area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated, and the control efficacy was determined. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 23.

[0162]

[0163] As shown in Table 23, formulations 3 and 4, which are wettable granules of cultures of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strains (production examples 18 and 20), both showed a control value of 80 or higher against tomato blight when treated at a 1000-fold dilution, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy.

[0164] (Test Example 23: Efficacy Test 6 against Tomato Late Blight - Efficacy of Liquid Formulation) Production Example 18 or 20 (dried powder) was diluted with distilled water to 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively. Formulation Example 5 or 6 (liquid formulation) was also diluted with distilled water to 10 times, 20 times, and 40 times, respectively. The dilutions obtained in this way were adjusted so that the dilution ratios of the dried powder corresponded to 500 times, 1000 times, and 2000 times, respectively, similar to Production Examples 18 and 20. Six-leaf tomatoes (variety: Regina) grown in 6 cm diameter plastic pots in a greenhouse were sprayed in sufficient quantities using a spray gun with the dilutions from Production Examples 18 and 20 and Formulation Examples 5 and 6. As Comparative Example 3, a dilution of the above-mentioned Lanman® Flowable diluted 2000 times with distilled water was used in the same manner as above. The day after spraying, a suspension of zoospores of the tomato blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) was spray-inoculated. The inoculated pots were kept in a humid chamber at 22°C for 16 hours, then left to stand indoors for 3 days. The diseased area percentage of the third, fourth, and fifth leaves was investigated, and the control efficacy was determined. The control efficacy (%) was calculated based on the diseased area percentage of the untreated group. The results are shown in Table 24.

[0165]

[0166] As shown in Table 24, formulations 5 and 6, which are liquid formulations of cultures of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strains (production examples 18 and 20), both showed a control value of 70 or higher against tomato blight when treated at a 1000-fold dilution, demonstrating extremely high control efficacy.

Claims

A composition for use in controlling plant diseases, containing as an active ingredient the fungal cells or cultures of a strain or mutant strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum. 　 The strains belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum include Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 31735 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 32889 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7992 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 or its mutant, Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7995 or its mutant, and Eupenicillium javanicum The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one is selected from the group consisting of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 or a mutant thereof, and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7997 or a mutant thereof. 　 The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the strain belonging to Eupenicillium javanicum or Penicillium javanicum is at least one selected from the group consisting of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain or its mutant and Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain or its mutant. 　 The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, imperfect fungi, oomycetes, or zygomycetes. 　 The composition according to claim 4, wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by oomycetes. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of cells or cultures thereof of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7994 strain or its mutant strain and cells or cultures thereof of Eupenicillium javanicum NBRC 7996 strain or its mutant strain, wherein the plant disease is a plant disease caused by oomycetes. 　 A method for controlling plant diseases, comprising applying a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to a target plant.

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