Processes and formulations to produce biomaterials from waste

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system and process for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock. Disclosed also are processes for producing a biopolymer (e.g., EPS, PHA, glycogen, chitin, chitosan), processes for recovering PHA from homogenized microbial biomass, processes for producing hydrocolloids and glycogen, processes for producing thin film biomaterials and rigid micro-carriers, and biodegradable and compostable biomaterial products.

Description

PROCESSES AND FORMULATIONS TO PRODUCE FULLY BIODEGRADABLE, COMPOSTABLE, AND RECYCLABLE BIOMATERIALS FROM WASTECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 739,028, filed December 26, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to processes and formulations to produce fully biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable biomaterials from waste.BACKGROUND

[0003] Current production of polymeric materials such as thin film packaging materials are all based on fossil fuel and petrochemicals that appear to be unsustainable, adversely affect the environment and create pollution in the land and oceans. Accordingly, there is a need for waste-derived biomaterials as sustainable and scalable substitutes for these petroleum-based polymeric materials and plastics.SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure solves the above-described problem by providing processes and formulations to produce fully biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable biomaterials from waste.

[0005] In an aspect, disclosed is a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system, comprising: (a) a plurality of modular unit operations configured to process a mixed feedstock comprising at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste; (b) a distributed control system configured to dynamically select and adjust the sequence of the modular unit operations based on the types and properties of the mixed feedstock being processed and the types of valuable bioresources to be extracted from the mixed feedstock; and (c) a processing line formed by linking1BIOCH-43594.601the modular unit operations in a selected sequence to extract valuable bioresources from the mixed feedstock.

[0006] In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise: (a) an optional pre-treatment module configured for size reduction, separation, or homogenization of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste; (b) at least one conversion module configured for biochemical, thermochemical, mechanical, pressurized liquid-assisted, pulsed electric field-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, or electrochemical processing of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste; (c) at least one separation module configured for product extraction, purification, and / or waste separation; and / or (d) an optional post-treatment module configured for refining, stabilization, sterilization, disinfection, or packaging of recovered bioresources.

[0007] In some aspects, the control system further comprises: (a) a feedstock characterization module configured to determine chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste; and / or (b) a process optimization module configured to select and arrange modular unit operations based on a pre-defined recovery criteria, wherein the pred-defined recovery criteria is optionally based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste determined by the feedstock characterization module.

[0008] In some aspects, the modular unit operations are connected via (a) mechanical interfaces enabling rapid attachment and detachment; and / or (b) data communication interfaces enabling real-time monitoring and process control.

[0009] In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is selected from the group consisting of: (a) an optional solvent treatment module; (b) an aqua treatment module; (c) an alkaline treatment module; (d) a decoloration module; (e) an acid treatment module; and a combination thereof.

[0010] In some aspects, the at least one separation module is configured to produce: (a) a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line from one modular unit operation to another modular unit operation in the processing line; (b) a reflux fraction that is recycled upstream in the processing line to the modular unit operation preceding the at least one separation module that produced the reflux fraction; and / or (c) a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for downstream processing based on the type of feedstock being valorized and type of value-added compounds being extracted.2BIOCH-43594.601

[0011] In an aspect, disclosed is a method for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock using the system of the present disclosure, comprising (a) receiving a mixed feedstock; (b) characterizing the mixed feedstock for chemical and / or physical properties; (c) selecting modular unit operations based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the mixed feedstock; (d) arranging the modular unit operations into a processing line; (e) processing the mixed feedstock through the arranged modular unit operations; and / or (f) extracting, purifying, recovering, optionally sterilizing and disinfecting bioresources from the mixed feedstock.

[0012] In an aspect, disclosed is a process for producing a biopolymer, comprising: (a) incubating one or more biopolymer-producing microorganisms in a first bioreactor comprising wastewater to maintain a steady- state of feast-famine growth cycles for the one or more biopolymer producing microorganisms using a sequencing batch bioreactor or chemostat bioreactor; (b) transferring the incubated biopolymer producing microorganisms to a second bioreactor comprising a high carbon to nitrogen (C / N) ratio waste water that operated in batch or chemostat configuration; and (c) incubating the one or more biopolymer producing microorganisms in the second bioreactor under nutrient-limited conditions to optimize production of the biopolymer by the biopolymer-producing microorganism.

[0013] In some aspects, the process further comprises one or more of the following steps:

[0014] (d) harvesting the biomass produced in step (c) optionally by settling and clarification to separate the biomass from liquid and / or biomass dewatering to produce a thickened biomass; (e) optionally disrupting the harvested biomass to release the biopolymer from the biomass harvested in step (d); (f) separating the biopolymer from the harvested biomass in step (d) and / or the disrupted harvested biomass in optional step (e); (g) recovering the biopolymer separated in step (f); and (h) optionally, sterilizing and disinfecting the biopolymer produced in step (g).

[0015] In some aspects, the first bioreactor further comprises a leachate produced during waste valorization and bioresource recovery of an organic solid waste.

[0016] In some aspects, the first bioreactor further comprises a pH neutralizer.

[0017] In some aspects, the biopolymer-producing microorganism is selected from the group consisting of an alginate-producing microorganism, a chitin-producing microorganism, a chitosan-producing microorganism, an EPS-producing microorganism, a gellan gum-producing microorganism, a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing microorganism, a glycogen- 3BIOCH-43594.601producing microorganism, a pullulan-producing microorganism, a xanthan-producing microorganism, a microorganism that produces any two, three, four, or five of alginate, EPS, gellan gum, PHA, glycogen, pullulan, and xanthan, and any combination of two, three, four, or five thereof.

[0018] In an aspect, disclosed is a process for recovering PHA from a homogenized microbial biomass, comprising: (a) treating a homogenate comprising a microbial biomass comprising PHA with a green solvent to extract the PHA from the homogenate; (b) treating the solvent extracted PHA with an anti-solvent to separate the solvent-extracted PHA from the solvent; and (c) separating the PHA from the anti- solvent to recover the PHA.

[0019] In some aspects, the process further comprises one or more of the following steps: (i) separating biosolids from the solvent-extracted PHA after step (a) for use in compounding and extrusion to produce a biomaterial; (ii) optionally drying the PHA recovered in step (c); (iii) pelletizing the PHA recovered in step (c) and / or optionally dried in step (ii) for use in compounding and extrusion for the production of a biomaterial; (iv) recovering spent solvents used in step (a) and / or anti-solvents used in step (b); and / or (v) optionally sterilizing and disinfecting the PHA recovered in step (c).

[0020] In some aspects, the green solvent is selected from the group consisting of anisole, acetone, deep eutectic solvents, dimethyl carbonate, ethanol, ethyl lactate, ionic liquids, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.

[0021] In some aspects, the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexane, pentane, water, other alkanes, any organic solvents, and any polar or non-polar solvents among others.

[0022] In some aspects, the PHA is produced in the process for recovering the PHA of the present disclosure.

[0023] In an aspect, disclosed is a process for producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial, comprising: (a) combining an EPS suspension or glycogen suspension produced by the process of the present disclosure with a liquid hydrocolloid produced using the system of the present disclosure or method of the present4BIOCH-43594.601disclosure to produce an EPS suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids; (b) subjecting the EPS or glycogen suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids to hydrocolloid precipitation, hydrocolloid concentration, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation to produce processed hydrocolloids; and (c) optionally drying and / or sterilizing / disinfecting the processed hydrocolloids.

[0024] In some aspects, hydrocolloid precipitation comprises solvent treatment using alcohol, hydrocolloid concentration comprises osmotic pressure or evaporation, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation comprises alkaline treatment and separation.

[0025] In some aspects, the processed and optionally dried and sterilized / disinfected hydrocolloids are compounded and / or extruded to produce a biomaterial.

[0026] In an aspects, disclosed is a process for producing a thin film biomaterial, comprising: (a) mixing, homogenizing, and / or compounding / extruding the following compounds at temperature range of 5.0 - 25O.°C for a period of 1.0-60.0 min to produce a base resin mixture: (i) at least one hydrocolloid; (ii) at least one nitrogenous additive; (iii) at least one plasticizer; (iv) at least one curing agent; (v) at least one water-resistant agent; (vi) at least one UV-resistant agent; (vii) optionally at least one antifoam; (viii) optionally at least one biopolymer additive; (ix) optionally at least one flavor and / or dye additive; (x) optionally at least one antiseptic additive; and / or (xi)optionally at least one solvent; (b) optionally pelletizing the base resin mixture to produce base resin bio-pellets; and (c) forming the base resin mixture (or optionally the bio-pellets) into a flexible thin film biomaterial.

[0027] In some aspects, the base resin mixture is subjected to vacuum degassing to remove any foam in the base resin mixture prior to optional pelletizing step (b) or forming step (c). In some aspects, at least one biopolymer additive is added to the base resin or co-extruded prior to the forming step (c). In some aspects, the process further comprises (d) drying the thin film biomaterial formed in step (c).

[0028] In some aspects, the process further comprises producing a flexible thin film, wrap, bag, bioleather, and / or rigid thin film bioproduct using the thin film formed in step (c) and / or dried in step (d).BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS5BIOCH-43594.601

[0029] The patent or application file contains drawings executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

[0030] Having thus described the presently disclosed subject matter in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying Figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

[0031] FIG. 1 shows an end-to-end process flow diagram of production processes of fully biodegradable and compostable flexible and rigid packaging biomaterials, along with their starting biopellets and ingredients.

[0032] FIG. 2 shows an end-to-end polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen bioproduction process from waste feedstock. Note that the unit operations highlighted with dashed lines are optional.

[0033] FIG. 3 shows an end-to-end exopolysaccharide (EPS) and chitin or chitosan bioproduction process from waste feedstock. Unit operations highlighted with dashed lines are optional

[0034] FIG. 4 shows a schematic process flow diagram of an exemplary waste valorization (WV) and bioresource recovery (BRR) process. Unit operations highlighted with dashed lines are optional.

[0035] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary rigid microcarrier product produced using the protocol described in Example 5.

[0036] FIG. 6a shows an exemplary rigid microbead / microcarrier product produced using the protocol described in Example 6.

[0037] FIG. 6b shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in Example 6.

[0038] FIG. 7 shows an exemplary bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in Example 7.

[0039] FIG. 8 shows an exemplary rigid thin film product produced using the protocol described in Example 9.

[0040] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in Example 10.6BIOCH-43594.601

[0041] FIG. 10 shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in Example 11.

[0042] FIG. 11 shows an exemplary heat-sealed bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in Example 12.

[0043] FIG. 12 shows an exemplary bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in Example 13.

[0044] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary gusseted bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in Example 14.

[0045] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 15.

[0046] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 16.

[0047] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 17.

[0048] FIG. 17 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 18.

[0049] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 19.

[0050] FIG. 19 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this Example 20.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to processes and formulations to produce fully biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable biomaterials from waste. Exemplary aspects of the present disclosure relate to processes for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock, producing biopolymer (e.g., using the recovered bioresources), recovering polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from homogenized microbial biomass, recovering glycogen from homogenized microbial biomass, producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial, disinfecting and sterilization of the produced ingredients or end-products, producing thin film biomaterial, producing rigid micro-carriers (e.g., micro-beads), and biodegradable and7BIOCH-43594.601compostable biofoam products and rigid biomaterials produced using the processes and formulations.

[0052] Section headings as used in this section and the entire disclosure herein are merely for organizational purposes and are not intended to be limiting.Definitions

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art. In case of conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control. Preferred methods and materials are described below, although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in practice or testing of the present disclosure. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The materials, methods, and examples disclosed herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0054] The terms “comprise(s),” “include(s).” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that do not preclude the possibility of additional acts or structures. The singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The present disclosure also contemplates other embodiments “comprising,” “consisting of’ and “consisting essentially of,” the embodiments or elements presented herein, whether explicitly set forth or not.

[0055] As used herein, a “bioresource” is any organic material derived from biological origins, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that can be processed, transformed, or repurposed into valuable products such as biofuels, biochemicals, biomaterials, and bioenergy. In the context of a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system that can process any feedstock, bioresources include agricultural residues, forestry by-products, industrial organic by-products, and municipal organic waste, provided they can be sustainably converted into higher-value products through biological, chemical, or thermal processes.

[0056] As used herein, “waste” refers to any discarded material generated from industrial, agricultural, municipal, or domestic activities that has lost its primary economic value but retains potential for recovery, recycling, or transformation. In a waste valorization and bioresource8BIOCH-43594.601recovery system, waste is a feedstock that can be reprocessed into valuable products such as energy, chemicals, and materials, reducing environmental impact and contributing to a circular economy. Examples include food waste, sewage sludge, crop residues, and organic fractions of municipal solid waste.

[0057] As used herein in the context of feedstocks, “bioresource” and “waste” represent a variety of bio-based feedstock and their associated waste including but not limited to prokaryotic and eukaryotic domains such as bacteria, archaea, insects, worms, animals, birds, livestocks, poultry, crustaceans, fish, fungi, micro- and macro-algae, seagrasses, eelgrasses, plants, trees, agricultural crops, hemp, jute, agaves, aloe vera, bamboo, fruits, cereals, seeds, beans, and kernels among others. In addition to waste associated with the above-mentioned bioresources, the term “waste” encompasses both liquid and solid waste including but not limited to industrial and municipal wastewater and solid waste, agri-food waste, lignocellulosic waste, forestry waste, wood chips, activated carbon waste, activated charcoal waste, biochar waste, graphite waste, pulp and paper waste, old corrugated cardboard waste, paper waste, fabric and textile waste, rubber waste, rosin waste, micro- and macro-algae waste, dairy waste, food waste, herb and vegetable waste, oil waste, cooking oil waste, fruit waste, apple pomace, orange pomace, grape pomace, banana peel waste, potato waste, com stover, corn waste, hemp and jute fiber waste, agaves waste, aloe vera waste, rice bran and straw, sugarcane bagasse, sorghum bagasse, agaves bagasse, coconut waste, coffee waste, cocoa waste, melon and watermelon waste, pomegranate waste, almond, walnut and pistachio hull and shell waste, waste activated sludge, brewery waste, microbial and archaeal waste, exopolymeric substances waste, exopolysaccharides waste, crustacean waste and their shell waste, shell waste, fishery wastewater and solids waste, insect waste, livestock manure and wastewater, wool and hair waste, animal hoof and horn waste, poultry manure, and bird feather and claw waste among others.

[0058] As used here, a “biopolymer-producing microorganism” is a microorganism capable of synthesizing, secreting, and / or accumulating biopolymers such as polysaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polyglutamates, or other biodegradable macromolecules. These microorganisms use various carbon and energy sources, including organic waste or renewable biomass, through metabolic pathways to produce biopolymers as storage compounds, protective layers, or structural components. In waste valorization and bioresource recovery systems, these9BIOCH-43594.601microorganisms play a crucial role in converting waste streams into valuable biopolymers for use in industries such as bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, and food packaging.

[0059] As used herein, a PHA-producing microorganism is a microorganism that produces a PHA. Exemplary PHA-producing microorganisms, included but are not limited to, archaea, bacteria, and their associated traits including but not limited to autotrophs, methylotrophs, heterotrophs, mesophiles, and extremophiles among others. Exemplary PHA-producing bacterial Phylum (Class) include, but are not limited to, Actinobacteria with genera Acidimicrobium, Micrococcus, Microlunatus, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces among others; Bacteroidetes (Sphinyobacieriia) with genus Parapedobacter among others; Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae) with genera Anabaena, Aulosira, Chlorogloea, Chlorogloeopsis, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, Spirulina, Synechococcus, Synechocystis and Thermosynechococcus among others; Deinococcus-Thermus (Deinococci) with genus Thermits among others; Firmicutes (Bacilli) with genera Aneurinibacillus, Bacillus, Caryophanon, Geobacillus, Lysinibacillus. and Staphylococcus among others; Firmicutes (Clostridia) with genus Clostridium among others; Proteobacteria (Alphaproacteobteria) with genera Bradyrhizobium, Caulobacter, Chelatococcus, Cobetia, Dinoroseobacler, Loktanela, Methylobaclerium, Methylocyslis, Novosphingobium, Paracoccus, Protomonas, Rhizobium, Rhodobacter, Rhodospirillum, Sphingobium, and Yangia among others; Proteobacteria (Betaproteobacteria) with genera Alcaligenes, Aquitalea, Azohydromonas, Burkholderia, Caldimonas, Cupriavidus. Delftia, Hydrogenophaga, Methy lophilus, and Pandoraea, Ralstonia among others; Proteobacteria (Deltaproteobacteria) with genus Desulfonema among others; Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) with genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Azotobacter, Halomonas, Klebsiella, Methylocaldum, Plasticicumulans, Pseudomonas, Saccharophagus, Salinivibrio, Schlegelella, Serratia, Vibrio, and Zobellella among others; it should be noted that some of the above-mentioned bacterial genera (e.g., Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Burkholderia among others) are capable of biodegrading xenobiotic compounds such as polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polyhalogenated compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) among others while producing biopolymers such as PHA.

[0060] Exemplary PHA-producing archaea include, but are not limited to, Haloarchaea with genera Haloarcula. Haloferax, Halopiger, Haloquadratum, Halobacterium, Halostagnicola,10BIOCH-43594.601Haloterrigena, Halobiforma, Halococcus, Halorubrum, Halalkalicoccus, Halogeometricum, Halo granum, Natrinema, Natronobacterium, Natronorubrum, and Natronococcus among others.

[0061] Exemplary PHA-producing yeast phylum include, but are not limited to, Ascomycota with genera Wickerhamomyces (with exemplary species including but not limited to Wickerhamomyces anomalus among others), Hanseniaspora (with exemplary species including but not limited to Kloeckera sp. among others), Komagataella (with exemplary species including but not limited to Komagataella phaffii among others), Saccharomyces (with exemplary species including but not limited to Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others), Yarrowia (with exemplary species including but not limited to Yarrowia Hpolytica among others), and yeast Phylum Basidiomycota with genera Rhodotorula (with exemplary species including but not limited to Rhodotorula minuta strain RY4 among others) among others.

[0062] Exemplary glycogen-producing microorganisms, included but are not limited to, archaea, bacteria, yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae), many of PHA-producing microbial species, and their associated traits including but not limited to autotrophs, methylotrophs, heterotrophs, mesophiles, and extremophiles among others. Exemplary glycogen-producing bacterial genera include, but are not limited to Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Edwardsiella tarda, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Lactobacillus, Prevotella bryantii, Rhodococcus, Streptococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, any any enteric bacteria among others.

[0063] Exemplary glycogen-producing archaea include, but are not limited to genera such as Desulfurococcus, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Thermoproteus, and Methanosarcina (e.g., Methanosarcina thermophila) among others.

[0064] Exemplary alginate-producing microorganisms include, but are not limited to, bacterial Phylum (Class) including but not limited to Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) with genera Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, with exemplary species including but not limited to Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among others.

[0065] Exemplary gellan gum-producing microorganisms include, but are not limited to, Proteobacteria (Alphaproacteobteria) with genus Sphingomonas with exemplary species including but not limited to Sphingomonas elodea and Sphingomonas paucimobilis among others.

[0066] Exemplary pullulan-producing microorganisms include but are not limited to fungi Phylum Ascomycota with genera Aureobasidium (with exemplary species including but not limited 11BIOCH-43594.601to Aureobasidium melanogenum formerly known as Aureobasidium pullulans, Aureobasidium sub glaciate among others), Cryphonectria (with exemplary species including but not limited to Cryphonectria parasitica among others). Cyttaria (with exemplary species including but not limited to Cyttaria darwinii and Cyttaria harioti among others), and Teloschistes (with exemplary species including but not limited to Teloschistes flavicans among others); and fungi Phylum Basidiomycota with genera Cryptococcus (with exemplary species including but not limited to Cryptococcus favus among others), and Tremella (with exemplary species including but not limited to Tremella mesenterica among others) among others. Exemplary pullulan-producing yeast phylum include but are not limited to Basidiomycota with genera Rhodotorula (with exemplary species including but not limited to Rhodotorula bacarum and Rhodosporidium paludigenum among others) among others.

[0067] Exemplary xanthan-producing microorganisms include, but are not limited to bacteria Phylum including but not limited to Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) with genus Xanthomonas (with exemplary species including but not limited to Xanthomonas campestris among others) among others.

[0068] As used herein, “EPS -producing microorganism” refers to a microorganism that produces EPS. Exemplary EPS-producing microorganisms include but are not limited to gram negative bacteria of such classes as the Alphaproteobacteria class including Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Komagataeibacter, Kozakia, Neoasaia, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, and Zymomonas genera; the Betaproteobacteria class including Alcaligenes and Achromobacter genera; and the Gammaproteobacteria class including Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Xanthomonas, Halomonas, Erwinia. Vibrio, and Klebsiella genera among others; gram-positive bacteria of such classes as Bacilli including Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus genera; class Clostridia including Sarcina sp.; and class Actinomycetia including Bifidobacterium, and Rhodococcus genera among others.

[0069] Other useful EPS types and their associated microbial producers include but are not limited to curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhizobium radiobacter, and Agrobacterium sp.; bacterial cellulose from Achromobacter, Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter, Gluconobacter, Komagataeibacter (Gluconacetobacter'), Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Salmonella, among others, along with Gram-positive bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Rhodococcus,12BIOCH-43594.601and Sarcina among others. The most common and highly productive bacterial cellulose producers are acetic bacteria species of the Komagataeibacter genus such as Komagataeibacter hansenii and Komagataeibacter xylinus; dextran from the Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus genera; hyaluronan from Streptococcus sp.; and levan from Bacillus sp., Halomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp., and Zymomonas sp. among others. Other well-known polysaccharides such as fucogel bioproduced by Klebsiella pneumoniae; clavan bioproduced by Clavibacter michiganensis; fucoPol bioproduced by Enterobacter sp.; and kefiran bioproduced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens.

[0070] As used herein, an "antiseptic additive" refers to a substance incorporated into a flexible or rigid biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure that possesses the ability to inhibit or destroy the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The “antiseptic additives” are included to enhance the antimicrobial properties of the formulation, ensuring safety and longevity, particularly in applications where the material may come into contact with skin, wounds, or other biological environments. The antiseptic additives can be integrated into the formulations of the present disclosure during various production stages, including mixing the base resin mixture, or curing, ensuring uniform distribution throughout the flexible or rigid biomaterial.

[0071] Exemplary antiseptic additives of use herein include, without limitation, clove essential oil, waste biomass extract, essential oils of biomass orange, thyme, dill, peppermint, dandelion, lavender, cranberry, tea tree, coriander, cedarwood, lemon, lemongrass, eucalyptus, and combinations thereof. Other antiseptic compounds are also contemplated.

[0072] The antiseptic additive is optional in the flexible and rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the antiseptic additive(s) may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w. 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w. 25.0% w / w. 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w,13BIOCH-43594.60135.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w. 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w. 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w. 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w. 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w. to about 10.0% w / w.

[0073] As used herein, a “biopolymer additive” refers to a naturally derived polymeric compound incorporated into the rigid or flexible formulation to enhance its structural, mechanical, or functional properties, which improve the biomaterial biodegradability. Biopolymer additives contribute to the biomaterial performance by reinforcing the matrix, increasing resilience, or improving flexibility, while ensuring the material remains biodegradable, compostable, or recyclable. The addition of biopolymers allows for a durable yet eco-friendly biomaterial suitable for diverse applications, from packaging, mulch cover, agricultural use, to insulation.

[0074] The following bio-based and biodegradable polymers (BBP) can also be added, compounded, co-extruded, reactive extruded, coated, laminated, deposited, co-injected, or by any other means of mass transfer to enhance water proofing and gas permittivity and diffusion (e.g., water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide among others), and biodegradation rate of the thin film biomaterials and make them more functional in any environment for any applications.

[0075] The mass ratio (mass_BBP:mass_resin) can be less than 1:1, 1:1-20:1, or higher than 20: 1 , or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges, or higher than 1:1, 1 : 1- 1 :20, or less than 1:20, or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges. It includes but is not limited to the following biopolymers. Exemplary BBP of use herein include, without limitation, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), or poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), or poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate (P(3-HB-co-4-HB)), or polyhydroxybutyrate-co- 14BIOCH-43594.601hexanoate (PHBH), or poly (3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(3HHx), or poly(3- hydroxyoctanoate) P(3H0), or P(3HHx-co-3HO), or any other polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), or polybutylene succinate (PBS), or polycaprolactone (PCL), or polyvinyl alcohol, or any other bio-based and biodegradable polymers, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste among others.

[0076] These biopolymers were derived from waste streams such as food waste and municipal solid waste extracts and leachates, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, or any other types of agri-food and organic waste streams as feedstock through green chemistry and openculture mixed microbial fermentation.

[0077] As used herein, a “bioreactor” is a controlled vessel or system designed to support the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms, cells, or enzymes to produce valuable biological products such as biofuels, biochemicals, biopolymers, and pharmaceuticals. It maintains optimal environmental conditions, including temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient supply, enabling efficient bioconversion processes in waste valorization and bioresource recovery systems.

[0078] As used herein, a “batch bioreactor” is a closed-system vessel where the entire bioprocess, from inoculation to product formation, occurs in a single cycle without adding or removing materials during the operation. After the process is complete, the reactor is emptied, cleaned, and refilled for the next cycle. This setup is ideal for small-scale production, experimental studies, and processes with short reaction times.

[0079] As used herein, a “sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR)” operates in a time-sequenced, cyclical manner, combining multiple processing steps such as filling, reacting, settling, and discharging in a single tank. Each cycle is completed before a new batch is introduced, making SBRs suitable for wastewater treatment, waste valorization, and biological nutrient removal processes due to their operational flexibility and ability to handle variable feedstock loads.

[0080] As used herein, a “chemostat bioreactor” is a continuous-flow system where fresh nutrient medium is continuously added while culture broth containing cells and products is removed at the same rate. This maintains a constant culture volume and steady-state conditions, ensuring continuous product formation and microbial growth. Chemostat bioreactors are commonly used for large-scale fermentation, process optimization, and in bioresource recovery systems.15BIOCH-43594.601

[0081] As used herein, a “steady-state of feast-famine growth cycles” refers to a dynamic equilibrium achieved in microbial systems undergoing alternating phases of nutrient abundance (feast) and nutrient limitation (famine). During the feast phase, readily available substrates are rapidly consumed, leading to high microbial growth and the accumulation of storage compounds like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and / or glycogen, or secretion of EPS. In the subsequent famine phase, external nutrients are depleted, and microorganisms rely on stored reserves for maintenance and survival. In a steady-state condition, the microbial population, substrate consumption rate, and storage compound production reach a consistent and repetitive pattern across successive feast-famine cycles. This equilibrium ensures stable system performance, predictable product yields, and efficient resource utilization, making it a key operational principle in waste valorization and bioresource recovery processes.

[0082] As used herein, a “conversion module” is a processing unit designed to transform feedstock into valuable products through chemical, biological, or thermal processes. The modules help break down complex materials, converting bioresources and wastes into valuable bioresources, and maximize resource recovery while minimizing waste and environmental impact. The conversion module is often dynamically integrated with upstream and downstream modules to ensure continuous, adaptive, and efficient processing in a modular waste valorization system.

[0083] As used herein, a “solvent treatment module” is an exemplary “conversion module” that uses chemical solvents to extract, dissolve, or separate specific components from a feedstock. This module applies selective solvent-based processes such as liquid-liquid extraction, solvent washing, or precipitation. Solvents used can be organic, inorganic, or bio-based, depending on the target compounds. It enhances product recovery efficiency and purity while allowing solvent recycling for sustainability.

[0084] As used herein, an “aqua treatment module” is an exemplary “conversion module” designed to use water-based treatments for separating, purifying, or extracting components from feedstocks. This module may involve techniques such as washing, dissolution, hydrolysis, or filtration to remove impurities, solubilize desired compounds, or reduce contaminants. It is commonly applied in bioresource recovery to manage water-soluble fractions, reduce toxicity, and prepare biomass for subsequent processing stages.

[0085] As used herein, an “alkaline treatment module” is an exemplary “conversion module” that involves the use of alkaline chemicals (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium 16BIOCH-43594.601hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate ) to break down feedstocks, dissolve lignocellulosic materials, extract proteins or other alkaline- soluble organic compounds, or neutralize acidic compounds. This module is critical for biomass pre-treatment, delignification, and pH adjustment processes, facilitating enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, or chemical conversions in bioresource recovery systems.

[0086] As used herein, a “decoloration module” is an exemplary “conversion module” that removes or reduces unwanted pigments, dyes, or colored impurities from feedstocks or process streams. It uses chemical agents such as activated carbon, oxidation agents, or specialized adsorbents. This module ensures product quality, enhances process efficiency, and supports regulatory compliance by producing cleaner outputs in waste valorization and bioresource recovery applications.

[0087] As used herein, an “acid treatment module” is an exemplary “conversion module" that uses acidic chemicals (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or organic acids) to break down, hydrolyze, extract minerals, or modify feedstocks in a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system. This module facilitates processes such as acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, removal of mineral impurities, or pH adjustment for downstream operations. It enhances the release of fermentable sugars, extraction of valuable compounds, or separation of target components, contributing to efficient resource recovery and process optimization. The module is designed with corrosion-resistant materials and integrated safety controls due to the reactive nature of acids used.

[0088] As used herein, a “curing agent” refers to a substance or mixture of substances that initiates, accelerates, or otherwise facilitates the curing process, which involves the hardening, setting, or solidification of a biomaterial of the present disclosure. The curing agent can chemically react with one or more components of the formulation (e.g., a polymer or resin), leading to crosslinking or polymerization that forms a stable, durable structure. The curing agents can be added to the formulations of the present disclosure to enhance physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, structural, rheological, and viscoelastic properties of biomaterials and make them stronger (e.g., Young’s modulus, tensile strength, fractural strength, tear strength, elongation at break, glass transition temperature, and stiffness, etc.). Curing agents may include catalysts, cross-linkers, hardeners, or other reactive compounds, and their selection depends on the desired mechanical17BIOCH-43594.601properties, biocompatibility, and curing conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) of the final product.

[0089] The present disclosure contemplates two general classes of curing agents that are defined based on the stage of the production process during which the curing agents are used, including precursor curing agents and curing agents.

[0090] As used herein, a “precursor curing agent” refers to a curing agent that is added to a base biomaterial resin mixture during upstream processing. Examples of suitable precursor curing agents include, without limitation, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, barium phosphate, phosphate salts of alkaline earth metals, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, phosphate salts of alkali metals, aluminum phosphate, Zinc(II) phosphate, Iron(III) phosphate, phosphate salts of divalent, trivalent or multivalent cations, aluminum sulfate, Zinc(II) sulfate, Iron(III) sulfate, sulfate salts of divalent, trivalent or multivalent cations, salts of calcium, magnesium ions, salts of alkaline earth metals, salts of divalent, trivalent, or multivalent cations or metals, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, alkali metal bicarbonates, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, carbonate of any alkaline earth metals, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, barium sulfate, sulfates of alkaline earth metals, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, talc, epsom, gypsum, montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin clay, mica, diatomite, nano-clays, clays, plaster of Paris, carbonates of divalent, trivalent, or multivalent cations or metals, sulfated of divalent, trivalent, or multivalent cations or metals, phosphate species of divalent, trivalent, or multivalent cations or metals, divalent, trivalent, or multivalent cations or metal salts, combinations of their mineral mixtures, or any combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof.

[0091] The precursor curing agents are used in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the precursor curing agent may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w. 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w,18BIOCH-43594.60127.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w. 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.

[0092] As used herein, a “curing agent” refers to a curing agent that is added to a molded biofoam, molded biomaterial, or extruded strings or biopellet or micro-carrier curing baths during downstream processing. Exemplary curing agents suitable for use herein include, without limitation, cream of tartar, tartaric acid, tannic acid, tannins, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, acetates, acetate salts, benzoates, benzoate salts, citrates, citrate salts, lactates, lactate salts, malates, malate salts, oxalates, oxalate salts, succinates, succinate salts, organic acids, salts of organic acids, derivatives of organic acids, boric acid, borates, borate salts, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, organic aldehydes, organic esters, organic ketones, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, barium chloride, strontium chloride, halide salts of alkaline earth metals, aluminum chloride, copper(II) chloride, zinc(II) chloride, iron(II) chloride, iron(III) chloride, salts of halides and halogen atoms (e.g., including but not limited to chloride, iodide, fluoride, bromide) with divalent, trivalent, or multivalent metals or cations, transglutaminase, laccase, genipin, 1,4-benzoquinone, lactones, enones, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclic aliphatic anhydrides, natural curing agents, or any combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof.

[0093] The curing agents are used in certain micro-carrier or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the curing agents may be present in a range from about 19BIOCH-43594.6010.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w. 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w. 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w. 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w. 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w. 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w. 78.0% w / w. 79.0% w / w, 80.0% w / w, 81.0% w / w, 82.0% w / w, 83.0% w / w, 84.0% w / w, 85.0% w / w, 86.0% w / w, 87.0% w / w, 88.0% w / w, 89.0% w / w, to about 90.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, to about 30.0% w / w, or preferably from about 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, to about 15.0% w / w.

[0094] The precursor curing agent and / or curing agents may optionally be dissolved in a solvent (including but not limited to tap water, or ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol, or any alcohols, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste among others) to make a 1.0% solution (or less than 1.0% w / w or w / v or v / v or v / w, or any other concentration units, or any quantity from 1.0% to 100.0% w / w or w / v or v / v or v / w or any other concentration units).

[0095] As used herein, a “distributed control system” in the context of a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system is an automated, decentralized control framework that manages and coordinates modular unit operations across the system. Each module, representing a specific 20BIOCH-43594.601processing unit such as pre-treatment, fermentation, anaerobic digestion, or bio-product extraction, operates independently while communicating with a central supervisory system. The distributed control system can dynamically monitor feedstock properties such as composition, moisture content, and chemical characteristics. Based on real-time data, it selects, adjusts, and optimizes unit operations to ensure efficient process performance, maximize resource recovery, and minimize waste generation. Key features include real-time process monitoring, adaptive control algorithms, and fault- tolerant architecture for operational reliability in complex, multi-feedstock environments. Exemplary modular unit operations are shown in an exemplary end-to-end waste valorization and bioresource recovery process shown in FIG. 4.

[0096] As used herein, a “processing line” is a sequence of interconnected modules, units, or stages designed to perform a series of unit operations that transform raw feedstock into valuable products. Each module in the line carries out specific functions such as pre-treatment, conversion, separation, purification, or waste management. The processing line operates in a coordinated manner, with materials flowing continuously or batch-wise through each stage. In a modular waste valorization and bioresource recovery system, processing lines are adaptable and can be reconfigured based on feedstock properties, desired outputs, and process requirements, ensuring efficient, scalable, and sustainable resource recovery.

[0097] As used herein, a “unit operation” is a fundamental step or process within a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system that performs a specific physical, chemical, or biological function. Exemplary unit operations include mixing, heating, separation, filtration, chemical reactions, and extraction. These operations are essential building blocks that collectively enable the transformation of feedstocks into valuable products through a series of interlinked processes.

[0098] As used herein, a “modular unit operation” is a self-contained, standardized processing unit designed to perform a specific task within a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system. Each module operates independently but can be integrated into a larger system, allowing for flexible system configurations. Modular unit operations can be added, removed, or rearranged based on process requirements, feedstock characteristics, and desired output. This modularity enhances system scalability, adaptability, and operational efficiency while enabling continuous process improvements and technology upgrades.21BIOCH-43594.601

[0099] As used herein, a “dye additive” refers to a colored substance that is incorporated into a rigid or flexible biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure to provide color characteristics or to enhance aesthetic appeal. The “dye additives” of the present disclosure include environmentally friendly dyes and pigments that can be sourced and extracted from different natural inorganic, organic, and waste resources (i.e., mineral, biological, and waste resources) including but not limited to minerals, vegetables, fruits, fungi, micro- or macro-algae, archaea, microorganisms, any type of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, or any combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof. The dye additives can be introduced during various stages of formulation, including the mixing of base resin mixtures, compounding, extrusion, curing, or post-processing treatments, and can be present in varying concentrations depending on the desired intensity of color and performance characteristics.[000100] The dye additives are used in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the dye additives may be present in a range from about 0.0001%w / w, 0.0002% w / w, 0.0003% w / w, 0.0004% w / w, 0.0005% w / w, 0.0006% w / w.0.0007% w / w, 0.0008% w / w, 0.0009% w / w, 0.001% w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w. 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w. 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w. 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0 % w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w. 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w. 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w. 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0%22BIOCH-43594.601w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000101] As used herein, a "flavor additive" refers to a substance incorporated into a biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure to provide taste characteristics or to enhance sensory appeal. The “flavor additives” of the present disclosure include environmentally friendly flavors that can be sourced and extracted from different natural inorganic, organic, and waste resources (i.e., mineral, biological, and waste resources) including but not limited to minerals, vegetables, fruits, fungi, micro- or macro-algae, archaea, microorganisms, any type of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, or any combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof.[000102] The flavor additives can be introduced into the formulation during various stages of production, such as mixing of the base resin mixture, compounding, extrusion, or curing, and can be present in varying concentrations based on the desired intensity of flavor and performance attributes. When introduced, the flavor agent may be present in a range from about 0.0001% w / w, 0.0002% w / w. 0.0003% w / w, 0.0004% w / w. 0.0005% w / w, 0.0006% w / w, 0.0007% w / w, 0.0008% w / w, 0.0009% w / w, 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w. 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w. 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w. 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w. 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w,23BIOCH-43594.6010.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000103] As used herein, a “green solvent” is a chemical solvent that is environmentally friendly, sustainable, and less hazardous to human health and the environment compared to traditional solvents. Green solvents are typically derived from renewable resources or designed to have low toxicity, biodegradability, and minimal environmental impact. They are used in various industrial processes, including chemical synthesis, extraction, and purification. Examples of green solvents include water, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCCh), ionic liquids, bio-based solvents (such as ethanol and glycerol), and deep eutectic solvents.[000104] As used herein, “high C / N ratio wastewater” refers to wastewater with a relatively high concentration of carbon (C) compared to nitrogen (N), typically measured as the ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) or total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN). This type of wastewater is characterized by an abundance of organic matter but limited nitrogen content. High C / N ratio wastewater may originate from agricultural runoff, food processing effluents, and certain industrial discharges. In waste valorization and bioresource recovery systems, such wastewater is ideal for processes like aerobic fermentation, anaerobic digestion, biopolymer production (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates or EPS among others), and fermentation, where carbon-rich feedstocks are essential for microbial growth and bioconversion. Proper management of the C / N ratio is critical to prevent process imbalances such as ammonia inhibition or excessive carbon buildup.[000105] Inhibitors of nitrifiers are also important to add to fermentation processes in order to suppress nitrifying microorganisms and let heterotrophic biopolymer producing microorganisms take up available nutrients in the media. Examples of nitrifier inhibitors include but are not limited to phenols, aniline derivatives, certain pesticides, other organic compounds, copper, zinc, lead, other transition metals, sulfides, thiols, other sulfur-containing compounds, benzotriazole, pyrazole, other azoles, certain quaternary ammonium compound, other24BIOCH-43594.601disinfectants, free nitrous acid, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, allylthiourea, dicyandiamide, and nitrapyrin among others.[000106] As used herein, a “hydrocolloid” refers to a naturally occurring or synthetic polymer that has the capacity to form a gel or viscous solution upon hydration. In the context of the flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure, the hydrocolloid functions as a binding and structuring agent, interacting with water to create a stable matrix that enhances the biomaterial’s physical integrity and resilience.[000107] Exemplary hydrocolloids of use herein include, without limitation, a natural gum, cassia gum, acacia bean limbs, gum tragacanth, katira, guar gum, guar beans powder, curdlan, gum karaya, flaxseed gum, gum arabic, gellan gum, high acyl gellan gum, low acyl gellan gum, locust bean gum, galactomannans, pullulan, xanthan gum, hydrogel or hydrocolloid producing gums and mucilages, agars, agarose, alginic acids, alginate salts, such as sodium alginate, calcium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, or any other alginate salts of alkali metals, or any other alginate salts, carrageenan, fucoidan, laminarin, ulvan, or any micro- and macro-algae derived polysaccharides, or any green, or red or brown seaweed species, waste seaweed biomass, any microbial-, bacteria-, archaea-, and fungi-derived polysaccharides, hemp fiber, jute fiber, sisal fiber, cotton fiber, bamboo fiber, rice husk fiber, sugarcane bagasse, pine fiber, coconut fiber, almond fiber, walnut fiber, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, cellulose nanofibrils, lignin-modified cellulose, hemicellulose, dextrans, xylans, xylose, raw or waste cellulosic fibers, cellulosic fibers extracted through lignocellulosic biomass or lignocellulosic waste valorization, natural fibrous products and their salts, graphene oxide, activated carbon, biochar, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, or their silanized derivatives, konjac, glucomannan, inulin, pectin, arrowroot powder, starch, waste corn, corn starch, waste potato, potato starch, waste cassava biomass, tapioca starch, prokaryotic- or eukaryotic-derived starch, cyclic dextrin, glycogen, amylose, amylopectins, glucose, fructose, erythrose, peptidoglycan, microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), extracellular polymeric substances, orange pomace extract, citrus pomace, apple pomace extract, grape pomace extract, tomato pomace extract, banana peel extract, watermelon rind extract, or any other waste food or fruit extract and their biosolids residues, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste.25BIOCH-43594.601[000108] In some instances, the hydrocolloid may be subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment before being used in a precursor base resin mixture. For example, the hydrocolloid can be mixed with water (e.g„ tap water) to make a 10.0% w / w solution (or less than 10.0% w / w, or any quantity from 10.0% to 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units), preheat the solution in a microwave for 20.0 sec or shorter or longer time (or preheat it at 80.0 °C or lower or higher temperature for 10.0-15.0 min for shorter or longer time, or as long as necessary to fully homogenize it).[000109] Hydrocolloids may be included in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the hydrocolloids may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w. 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w. 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w. 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w. 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w. 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, to about 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w.26BIOCH-43594.601[000110] As used herein, a “nitrogenous additive” refers to a compound or material containing nitrogen in a form that can enhance the biofoam's structural, physical, or chemical properties. In the context of the biofoam formulations of the present disclosure, nitrogenous additives can serve various purposes, such as promoting cross-linking action, enhancing the resilience of the biomaterial structure, or accelerating biodegradability.[000111] Exemplary nitrogenous additives of use herein, include without limitation, hyaluronic acid, methionine, histidine, glutamine, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine, cysteine, cystine, or other amino acids or combinations thereof, chitosan, chitin, or a mixture thereof or derivative thereof, valorized fungi biomass and its waste, valorized insect biomass and shell waste, valorized crustacean (including but not limited to shrimp, or crab, or lobster, or shellfish, or mussel, or mollusk, or clamshell among others) shell waste, fishery wastewater and solids waste (e.g., fish feces and skins), uric acid, urate salts, urea, urea esters, or urea derivatives, betaine, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary ammonium chloride, metal salts, choline chloride, choline citrate, choline benzoate, choline bitartrate, choline hydroxide, deep eutectic solvents with various types of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and donors (HBD) (including but not limited to choline chloride [as HBA] with urea, or citric acid, or lactic acid, or succinic acid, or glycerol [as HBD], or any other HBD among others), spermidine, spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, alkaloids, polyamines, polyamides, polyimides, gelatin, gluten, casein, keratin, keratin-containing materials, wool, silk, hair, feather, bird claw, keratin-containing waste, proteins or their waste, ethylenediamine, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amine, polyglutamic acid, 8-poly-L-lysine, or amino acid peptide chains, nitrogenous compounds, or any combinations, derivatives or wastes thereof.[000112] Nitrogenous additives can be used in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the nitrogenous additive may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w. 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w,27BIOCH-43594.60127.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w. 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000113] As used herein, “nutrient-limited conditions” occur when one or more essential nutrients required for microbial growth, metabolism, or product synthesis are present in insufficient amounts relative to other available resources. Common limiting nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or trace elements such as iron or magnesium. In waste valorization and bioresource recovery systems, nutrient limitation can be applied to direct microbial metabolism toward the production of specific metabolites, such as biopolymers (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates, EPS, among others), lipids, or biofuels. For example, limiting nitrogen while maintaining an ample carbon supply can induce storage compound accumulation or EPS secretion by microorganisms. Balancing nutrient availability is critical for optimizing system performance, controlling microbial growth, and maximizing product yields.[000114] As used herein, a “plasticizer” refers to an additive incorporated into a flexible or rigid biomaterial formulation to enhance homogeneity of resins and physicochemical properties of the biomaterials making them softer, more flexible, elastic, and resilient by reducing intermolecular forces within the polymer matrix. In the context of the biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure, plasticizers soften the material structure, allowing for increased elasticity and reducing brittleness, which can improve the biomaterial’s durability and comfort during use. The use of plasticizers contributes to the biomaterial’s functionality by facilitating easier handling,28BIOCH-43594.601shaping, and compressibility while maintaining environmental compatibility. Exemplary plasticizers of use herein include, without limitation, simple sugars, sugar alcohols, polyols, polyol esters, polyacids, naturally occurring sugar alcohols or esters, sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, xylose esters, xylan acetate, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, maltitol, isomalt, erythritol, glycerol, glycerol glycol, lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, glyceryl stearate, cetearyl olivate, sorbitan olivate, sorbitan esters, polysorbate esters, abietic acid, dehydro abietic acid, rosin, rosin acids, rosin acid esters, or rosin derivates, linseed oil, castor oil, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, waste cooking oils, clove oil, essential oils, other oils, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, terpenes, adipates, adipate esters, azelates, azelate esters, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, citric acid esters, organic acid esters, ortho-phthalates, terephthalates, sebacates, trimellitates, or any combination, derivative, or waste thereof.[000115] The plasticizer may be included in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the plasticizer may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w. 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w. 33.0% w / w. 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w,29BIOCH-43594.60115.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000116] As used herein, a “separation module” is a processing unit designed to isolate, concentrate, or purify target components from processed feedstock using mechanical, chemical, or physical separation techniques. It supports processes such as filtration, centrifugation, distillation, membrane separation, or adsorption, ensuring the efficient recovery of valuable products while minimizing waste and enabling downstream processing steps. The waste valorization and bioresource recovery system disclosed herein can be configured with a separation module following any conversion module.[000117] A separation module following a solvent treatment module extracts target compounds dissolved or dispersed in the solvent phase. Techniques such as solid-liquid separation, liquid-liquid separation, membrane filtration, tangential (or cross flow) filtration, forward osmosis, solvent recovery, and distillation may be used to isolate or concentrate valuable products while enabling solvent recycling and minimizing process losses.[000118] A separation module following an aqua treatment module removes suspended solids, dissolved impurities, or valuable solutes from the aqueous phase. It may include filtration, membrane filtration, tangential (or cross flow) filtration, sedimentation, membrane separation, forward osmosis concentration, or evaporative concentration to ensure product purity and reduce water usage through recycling.[000119] A separation module following an alkaline treatment module isolates processed biomass fractions, precipitates, or solubilized components generated during the treatment. Processes such as filtration, centrifugation, forward osmosis concentration, or chemical precipitation are commonly applied to recover valuable products and separate waste streams.[000120] A separation module following a decoloration module removes adsorbents, pigments, or residual coloring agents after decoloration processes. Techniques like filtration, membrane separation, membrane filtration, tangential (or cross flow) filtration, forward osmosis concentration, or solid-liquid separation ensure clean output streams with reduced color contaminants.30BIOCH-43594.601[000121] A separation module following an acid treatment module isolates hydrolyzed components, dissolved minerals, or processed feedstock fractions. Methods such as crystallization, filtration, membrane filtration, tangential (or cross flow) filtration, forward osmosis concentration, liquid-liquid extraction, or ion-exchange processes may be employed to recover valuable products while neutralizing acidic residues for safe handling and reuse.[000122] As used herein, a “solvent” refers to a liquid medium capable of dissolving, suspending, or dispersing one or more components of a biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure. The solvent can be used to facilitate the mixing of ingredients, control the viscosity, aid in the processing, or influence the physical properties of the final product. Exemplary solvents of use herein include, without limitation, naturally occurring organic and aqueous solvents including but not limited to alcohols (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol), natural ionic liquids, water (e.g., tap water, deionized water, distilled water, distilled deionized water, brine, filtered or non-filtered seawater, filtered or non-filtered or treated or non-treated wastewater, or any other types of water, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste among others), organic solvents (e.g., acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), or any biocompatible solvent that does not react adversely with the active ingredients or the biopolymeric matrix of the biomaterial. The selection of the solvent may depend on its ability to evaporate or be removed during the curing or solidification process to yield the desired structure of the flexible or rigid biomaterial.[000123] As used herein, “an anti-solvent” is a substance added to a solution to reduce the solubility of a solute, causing the solute to precipitate or crystallize out of the solution. The antisolvent typically has a low affinity for the solute but is miscible with the primary solvent, creating conditions that promote separation of the solute from the liquid phase. Examples of anti-solvents include water, pentane, hexane, other alkanes, any organic solvents, and any polar or non-polar solvents, among others.[000124] As used herein, a “UV-resistant agent” refers to an additive incorporated into a flexible or rigid biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure to protect it from degradation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, for example, by absorbing or reflecting UV light, minimizing the breakdown of the biomaterial’s molecular structure and preventing discoloration, brittleness, or loss of mechanical properties over time, which help maintain the biomaterial’s durability and longevity without compromising its eco-friendly and biodegradable and compostable nature. The31BIOCH-43594.601use of UV-resistant agents allows the flexible or rigid biomaterial to retain its functionality and appearance in applications exposed to sunlight or outdoor conditions.[000125] Exemplary UV-resistant agents of use herein include, without limitation, aluminum oxide, selenium dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, micro- and macro-algae biomass, waste micro- and macro-algae biomass, agar, carrageenan, fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, mycosporine-like amino acids, flavonoids, propolis, sesame oil, waste sesame biomass, waste sesame oil, green tea polyphenols, polyphenols (e.g., green tea polyphenols), phenolic compounds, lignin, lignin derivatives, calcium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate, aloe vera biomass and its waste, tomato pomace, pomegranate pomace, almond waste, jojoba oil, primrose oil, shea butter, or other UV-resistant natural compounds, minerals, or combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof.[000126] UV-resistant agents may be present in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When introduced, the UV-resistant agent may be present in a range from about 0.001% w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w. 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w. 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w. 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w. 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0%32BIOCH-43594.601w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w. 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000127] As used herein, a “water-resistant agent” refers to an additive in a flexible or rigid biomaterial formulation of the present disclosure used to enhance its resistance to moisture absorption and water infiltration, which helps maintain the biomaterial’s structural integrity, durability, and performance in environments with high humidity or direct exposure to moisture. The incorporation of water-resistant agents enables the biomaterial to retain its shape, mechanical strength, and longevity in various applications while adhering to sustainable and biodegradable material requirements.[000128] Exemplary water-resistant agents of use herein include, without limitation, beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, rice bran wax, jojoba oil, almond oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, castor oil, shea butter, lanolin, silicon oils like dimethicone, Candida bombicola wax, biosurfactant-derived waxes, mycobacterial wax, lipopeptide waxes, waste cooking oils, liquid or solid waxes or oils, waste oils or fats, fumed silica, silicon dioxide, polymethylhydrosiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, silane, siloxane, silicon-based derivatives, wax emulsions, or combinations, derivatives, or wastes thereof.[000129] The water-resistant agent may be included in certain flexible or rigid biomaterial formulations of the present disclosure. When included, the water-resistant agent may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w. 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w. 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w. 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w. 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0%33BIOCH-43594.601w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, to about 80.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w. 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, to about 20.0% w / w, or preferably from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w. 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, to about 10.0% w / w.[000130] For the recitation of numeric ranges herein, each intervening number there between with the same degree of precision is explicitly contemplated. For example, for the range of 6-9, the numbers 7 and 8 are contemplated in addition to 6 and 9, and for the range 6.0-7.0, the number 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 7.0 are explicitly contemplated.[000131] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, any nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those that are well known and commonly used in the art. The meaning and scope of the terms should be clear; in the event, however of any latent ambiguity, definitions provided herein take precedent over any dictionary or extrinsic definition. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.Waste valorization and bioresource recovery[000132] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to waste valorization and bioresource recovery systems.[000133] In an aspect, disclosed is a waste valorization and bioresource recovery system, comprising: (a) a plurality of modular unit operations configured to process a mixed feedstock comprising at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste; (b) a distributed control system configured to dynamically adjust the sequence of the modular unit operations based on the properties of the mixed feedstock being processed; and (c) a processing line formed by linking the34BIOCH-43594.601modular unit operations in a selected sequence to extract valuable bioresources from the mixed feedstock.[000134] The waste valorization and bioresource recovery system can be used to process any mixed feedstock comprising at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste. In some aspects, the mixed feedstock comprises at least one bioresource and at least one waste. For example, at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five bioresources and at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five wastes. In some aspects, the mixed feedstock comprises at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five bioresources. In some aspects, the mixed feedstock comprises at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five wastes.[000135] The waste valorization and bioresource recovery system can be configured to have a variety of different modular unit operations. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise an optional pre-treatment module. When present, the optional pre-treatment module can be configured for size reduction, separation, or homogenization of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste.[000136] In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one conversion module configured for biochemical, thermochemical, mechanical, pressurized liquid-assisted, pulsed electric field-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, or electrochemical processing of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one separation module configured for product extraction, purification, and / or waste separation. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise an optional post-treatment module configured for refining, stabilization, or packaging of recovered bioresources.[000137] In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one conversion module and at least one separation modulate. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprises at least two conversion modules and at least two separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprises at least three conversion modules and at least three separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprises at least four conversion modules and at least four separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprises at least five conversion modules and at least five separation modules.[000138] In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one pre-treatment module, at least one conversion module and at least one separation module. In some aspects, the 35BIOCH-43594.601modular unit operations comprise at least two pre- treatment modules, at least one two conversion modules and at least two separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least three pre-treatment modules, at least three conversion modules and at least three separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one, at least two. or at least three pre-treatment modules, at least four conversion modules and at least four separation modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one, at least two, or at least three pre-treatment modules, at least five conversion modules and at least five separation modules.[000139] In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one pre-treatment module, at least one conversion module, at least one separation module, and at least one posttreatment module. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least two pre-treatment modules, at least two conversion modules, at least two separation modules, and at least two posttreatment modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least three pretreatment modules, at least three conversion modules, at least three separation modules, and at least three post-treatment modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one. at least two, or at least three pre-treatment modules, at least four conversion modules, at least four separation modules, and at least one, at least two, at least three, or at least four post-treatment modules. In some aspects, the modular unit operations comprise at least one, at least two, or at least three pre-treatment modules, at least five conversion modules, at least five separation modules, and at least one, at least two, at least three, or at least five post-treatment modules.[000140] In some aspects, the control system further comprises: a feedstock characterization module configured to determine chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste. In some aspects, the control system further comprises: a process optimization module configured to select and arrange modular unit operations based on a predefined recovery criteria. The pred-defined recovery criteria is optionally based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste determined by the feedstock characterization module.[000141] The modular unit operations can be connected via mechanical interfaces enabling rapid attachment and detachment. The modular unit operations can be connected via data communication interfaces enabling real-time monitoring and process control.36BIOCH-43594.601[000142] The systems of the present disclosure contemplate a variety of different types of conversion modules. In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is an optional solvent treatment module. In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is an aqua treatment module. In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is an alkaline treatment module. In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is a decoloration module. In some aspects, the at least one conversion module is an acid treatment module.[000143] In some aspects, the system comprises at least two conversion modules selected from the group consisting of a solvent treatment module, an aqua treatment module, an alkaline treatment module, a decoloration module, and an acid treatment module. In some aspects, the system comprises at least three conversion modules selected from the group consisting of a solvent treatment module, an aqua treatment module, an alkaline treatment module, a decoloration module, and an acid treatment module. In some aspects, the system comprises at least four conversion modules selected from the group consisting of a solvent treatment module, an aqua treatment module, an alkaline treatment module, a decoloration module, and an acid treatment module. In some aspects, the system comprises all five conversion modules selected from the group consisting of a solvent treatment module, an aqua treatment module, an alkaline treatment module, a decoloration module, and an acid treatment module.[000144] The waste valorization and bioresource recovery system may be configured with one or more separation modules. The at least one separation module can be configured to produce: (a) a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line from one modular unit operation to another modular unit operation in the processing line; (b) a reflux fraction that is recycled upstream in the processing line to the modular unit operation preceding the at least one separation module that produced the reflux fraction; and / or (c) a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for downstream processing based on the type of feedstock being valorized and type of value-added compounds being extracted.[000145] The skilled artisan will appreciate that depending on the type of feedstock being valorized and the type of value-added compounds being extracted in the liquid phase (leachate; e.g., starch, pectin, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acid residues, lipids, hydrocolloids, etc) or remained in the solids phase (e.g., chitin, chitosan, micro-cellulose, etc), a distributed control system of the present disclosure can select the order and sequence of the modular unit operations and send the value-added leaches and biosolids to other downstream processes. For example,37BIOCH-43594.601starch, pectin, and hydrocolloid in leachates are submitted to the hydrocolloid processing unit, while chitin and micro-cellulose in solid phase enter to an optional drying unit. Readily biodegradable organic compounds in leachate enter to fermentation processes to produce solid PHAs, solid glycogen, solid chitin or chitosan, or liquid hydrocolloids.[000146] In some aspects, the system comprises a separation module following optional solvent treatment that is configured to produce a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line, for example, to aqua treatment, a reflux fraction that is recycled for subsequent solvent treatment, and a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for bioactive purification.[000147] In some aspects, the system comprises a separation module following aqua treatment that is configured to produce a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line, for example, to alkaline treatment, a reflux fraction that is recycled for subsequent aqua treatment, and a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for hydrocolloid processing and / or fermentation.[000148] In some aspects, the system comprises a separation module following alkaline treatment that is configured to produce a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line, for example, to decoloration, a reflux fraction that is recycled for subsequent alkaline treatment, and a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for hydrocolloid processing, protein purification, and / or fermentation.[000149] In some aspects, the system comprises a separation module following decoloration that is configured to produce a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line, for example, to acidic treatment, a reflux fraction that is recycled for subsequent decoloration, and a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for hydrocolloid processing, mineral purification and / or fermentation.Processes for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock[000150] Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods for bioresource recovery from diverse feedstocks (e.g., a mixed feedstock). In an aspect, disclosed is a method for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock, comprising: (a) receiving a mixed feedstock; (b) characterizing the mixed feedstock for chemical and / or physical properties; (c) selecting modular unit operations based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the mixed feedstock; (d) arranging the modular unit38BIOCH-43594.601operations into a processing line; (e) processing the mixed feedstock through the arranged modular unit operations; and / or (f) extracting, purifying, and recovering bioresources from the mixed feedstock.Processes for producing a biopolymer[000151] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to processes for producing a biopolymer.[000152] In an aspect, disclosed is a process for producing a biopolymer, comprising: (a) incubating one or more biopolymer-producing microorganisms in a first bioreactor comprising wastewater to maintain a steady-state of feast-famine growth cycles for the one or more biopolymer producing microorganisms using a sequencing batch bioreactor or chemostat bioreactor; (b) transferring the incubated biopolymer producing microorganisms to a second bioreactor comprising a high carbon to nitrogen (C / N) ratio wastewater that operated in batch or chemostat configuration; and (c) incubating the one or more biopolymer-producing microorganisms in the second bioreactor under nutrient-limited conditions to optimize production of the biopolymer by the biopolymer-producing microorganism.[000153] The high C / N ratio wastewater can be from any suitable source.[000154] In some aspects, the process further comprises one or more of the following steps: (d) harvesting the biomass produced in step (c) optionally by settling and clarification to separate the biomass from liquid and / or biomass dewatering to produce a thickened biomass; (e) optionally disrupting the harvested biomass to release the biopolymer from the biomass harvested in step (d); (f) separating the biopolymer from the harvested biomass in step (d) and / or the disrupted harvested biomass in optional step (e); and (g) recovering the biopolymer separated in step (f).[000155] In some aspects, the first bioreactor further comprises a leachate produced during waste valorization and bioresource recovery of an organic solid waste.[000156] In some aspects, the first bioreactor further comprises a pH neutralizer.[000157] The skilled artisan will appreciate that the microorganism selected for producing the biopolymer depends on the type of feedstock to be used and the desired biopolymer to be produced. The systems and processes of the present disclosure can be adapted for producing biopolymers from a wide range of biopolymer-producing microorganisms. In some aspects, the biopolymer-producing microorganism is selected from the group consisting of an alginate -producing microorganism, a chitin-producing microorganism, a chitosan-producing39BIOCH-43594.601microorganism, an EPS-producing microorganism, a gellan gum-producing microorganism, a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PH A) -producing microorganism, a glycogen-producing microorganism, a pullulan-producing microorganism, a xanthan-producing microorganism, a microorganism that produces any two, three, four, or five of alginate, EPS, gellan gum, PHA, pullulan, and xanthan, and any combination of two, three, four, or five thereof.Processes for recovering polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from homogenized microbial biomass[000158] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to processes for recovering PHA from a homogenized microbial biomass. In an aspect, a process for recovering PHA from a homogenized microbial biomass comprises: (a) treating a homogenate comprising a microbial biomass comprising PHA with a green solvent to extract the PHA from the homogenate; (b) treating the solvent extracted PHA with an anti-solvent to separate the solvent-extracted PHA from the solvent; and (c) separating the PHA from the anti- solvent to recover the PHA.[000159] In some aspects, the process further comprises separating biosolids from the solvent-extracted PHA after step (a) for use in compounding and extrusion to produce a biomaterial.[000160] In some aspects, the process further comprises optionally drying the PHA recovered in step (c).[000161] In some aspects, the process further comprises (iii) pelletizing the PHA recovered in step (c) and / or optionally dried in step (ii) for use in compounding and extrusion for the production of a biomaterial.[000162] In some aspects, the process further comprises recovering spent solvents used in step (a) and / or anti-solvents used in step (b).[000163] In some aspects, the green solvent is selected from the group consisting of anisole, acetone, deep eutectic solvents, dimethyl carbonate, ethanol, ethyl lactate, ionic liquids, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene carbonate. 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.[000164] In some aspects, the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexane, pentane, water, other alkanes, any organic solvents, and any polar or non-polar solvents among others.40BIOCH-43594.601[000165] In some aspects, the PHA is produced in the process for producing a biopolymer of the present invention.Processes for recovering glycogen from homogenized microbial biomass[000166] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to processes for recovering glycogen from a homogenized microbial biomass. In an aspect, a process for recovering glycogen from a homogenized microbial biomass comprises: (a) treating a homogenate comprising a microbial biomass comprising glycogen with a green solvent to extract the glycogen from the homogenate; (b) submitting the solvent extracted glycogen solution to hydrocolloid processing.[000167] In some aspects, the process further comprises separating biosolids from the solvent-extracted glycogen after step (a) for use in compounding and extrusion to produce a biomaterial.[000168] In some aspects, the process further comprises optionally drying the glycogen recovered in step (b).[000169] In some aspects, the process further comprises (iii) pelletizing the glycogen recovered in step (b) and / or optionally dried in step (ii) for use in compounding and extrusion for the production of a biomaterial.[000170] In some aspects, the process further comprises recovering spent solvents used in step (a).[000171] In some aspects, the green solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, dimethyl sulfoxide, or any suitable glycogen-solubilizing solvents, and combinations thereof.[000172] In some aspects, the glycogen is produced in the process for producing a biopolymer of the present invention.Processes for producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial[000173] Aspects of the disclosure relate to processes for producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial. In an aspect, a process for producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial comprises: (a) combining a glycogen or EPS suspension produced by the process for producing a biopolymer of the present disclosure with a liquid hydrocolloid produced using a waste valorization and bioresource recovery process of the present disclosure or process for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock of 41BIOCH-43594.601the present disclosure to produce an EPS suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids; (b) subjecting the glycogen and / or EPS suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids to hydrocolloid precipitation, hydrocolloid concentration, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation to produce processed hydrocolloids; and (c) optionally drying the processed hydrocolloids.[000174] In some aspects, hydrocolloid precipitation comprises solvent treatment using alcohol, hydrocolloid concentration comprises osmotic pressure or evaporation, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation comprises alkaline treatment and separation. In some aspects, the processed and optionally dried hydrocolloids are compounded and / or extruded to produce a biomaterial.Process for disinfecting and sterilization of the produced ingredients or end-products [000175] Aspects of the present disclosure relates a process for sterilization and disinfection of the produced biomaterials such as intermediary ingredients produced from PHA, glycogen, chitin, and EPS bioproduction and fermentation processes, and waste valorization and bioresource recovery processes, and final bio-pellets, bio-sheets, bio-tubes, bio-bags, rigid biofoams and bioproducts among others using ultrafiltration, UV disinfection, chemical disinfection such as alcohol treatment (e.g„ ethanol or isopropanol), ozonation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, among other sterilization and disinfection technologies available to the skilled artisan. The present disclosure contemplates using any equipment and technology for sterilization and disinfection that is available to the skilled artisan. The disinfection allows the application of the bioproducts of the present disclosure to be safe for food contact and other applications that require sterilized products.Processes for producing a thin film biomaterials[000176] Aspects of the present disclosure relate a process for producing a thin film biomaterial, comprising: (a) mixing, homogenizing, and / or compounding / extruding the following compounds at temperature range of 5.0 - 250. °C for a period of 1.0-60.0 min to produce a base resin mixture: (i) at least one hydrocolloid; (ii) at least one nitrogenous additive; (iii) at least one plasticizer; (iv) at least one curing agent; (v) at least one water-resistant agent; (vi) at least one UV-resistant agent; (vii) optionally at least one antifoam; (viii) optionally at least one biopolymer additive; (ix) optionally at least one flavor and / or dye additive; (x) optionally at least one antiseptic additive; and / or (xi) optionally at least one solvent; (b) optionally pelletizing the base resin mixture42BIOCH-43594.601to produce base resin bio-pellets; and (c) forming the base resin mixture (or optionally the biopellets) into a flexible thin film biomaterial.[000177] In some aspects, the base resin mixture is subjected to vacuum degassing to remove any foam and / or gas bubbles in the base resin mixture prior to optional pelletizing step (b) or forming step (c).[000178] In some aspects, at least one biopolymer additive is added to the base resin or coextruded prior to the forming step (c).[000179] In some aspects, the process further comprises (d) drying the thin film biomaterial formed in step (c).[000180] In some aspects, the process further comprises producing a flexible thin film, wrap, bag. bioleather, and / or rigid thin film bioproduct using the thin film formed in step (c) and / or dried in step (d).[000181] In some aspects, at lab-scale, the base resin can be dropcasted on a non-stick tray with the required dimensions depending on the desired final thickness of the thin film biomaterials; for instance, to make a final dry 0.3-0.4 mm-thick thin film, dropcast 942.1 g base resin in a 21.0”xl5.0” (LxW) non-stick tray; to make a final dry 0.3-0.4 mm-thick thin film, dropcast 338.0 g base resin in a 13.0”x9.0” (LxW) non-stick tray; or to make a final dry 0.3-0.4 mm-thick thin film, dropcast 192.5 g base resin in a 9.0”x7.0” (LxW) non-stick tray.[000182] Drying the extruded film using any types of drying methods including but not limited to convection, radiation, diffusion, or any other means of heat transfer in a temperature-controlled environment at 25.0-80.0 °C, or > 80.0 °C up to decomposition temperature of the most heat-sensitive ingredient for a period of < 1.0 d. or 1.0-7.0 d. or until it is completely dried.[000183] To prepare the intermediary resin, the above ingredients were mixed together at different concentration units including but not limited to mass fraction or volume fraction among others or %w / v or %v / v or %N / 'N, or any other concentration units) - for instance, hydrocolloid:resin mass ratio, nitrogenous agent:resin mass ratio, curing agent:resin mass ratio, plasticizer:resin mass ratio, solvent:resin mass ratio, water-resistant agent:resin mass ratio, UV-resistant agent:resin mass ratio, biopolymer additive:resin mass ratio, flavor and / or dye:resin mass ratio.[000184] The disclosure contemplates using any equipment that is capable of mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding a base resin mixture under the above conditions to 43BIOCH-43594.601produce a biomaterial resin. Exemplary equipment include, without limitation, mixers, such as high-shear mixers, batch mixers, inline mixers, agitator mixers, planetary mixers, static mixers, continuous mixers, and powder induction mixers; homogenizers, such as rotor- stator homogenizers, high-pressure homogenizers, high-shear homogenizers, inline homogenizers, emulsifying homogenizers, emulsifiers, and ultrasonic homogenizers; compounders, such as twin-screw extruders, single-screw extruders, kneaders, Banbury® mixers, and internal mixers; shear and dispersing devices, such as colloid mills, shear pumps, high-shear dispersers, and dynamic mixers; viscous material mixers, and high- viscosity mixers; and laboratory and pilot- scale equipment, such as lab-scale mixers, pilot-scale mixers, and benchtop homogenizers.[000185] The skilled artisan will appreciate that the temperature required for performing the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding depends on the melting point, gelling temperature, and decomposition temperature of the base resin mixture formulation. In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C. 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C, 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C. 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C. 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C. 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 152.0 °C, 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C, 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C. 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C. 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C, 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 212.0 °C, 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C, 218.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C, 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C, 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C, 244.0 °C, 246.0 °C, 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C.[000186] In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of from about 5.0 °C to about 25.0 °C. In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of about 5.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 15.0 °C, 20.0 °C, or about 25.0 °C. In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of from about 25.0 °C to about 80.0 °C. In some 44BIOCH-43594.601aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of about 25.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 35.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 45.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 55.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 65.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 75.0 °C, or about 80.0 °C. In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of from about 80.0 °C to about 250.0 °C. In some aspects, the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed at a temperature of about 80.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 160.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 240.0 °C, or about 250.0 °C.[000187] The skilled artisan will also appreciate that the mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding time can vary, depending on the properties of the components in the base resin mixture formulation and desired characteristics of the biomaterial resin. In some aspects, mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 3 hours.[000188] In some aspects, mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes, 1 hour 10 minutes. 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, or up to about 2 hours.[000189] In some aspects, mixing, homogenizing, compounding, and / or extruding is performed for about 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, 21 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 24 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes, 29 minutes, 30 minutes, 31 minutes, 32 minutes, 33 minutes. 34 minutes, 35 minutes, 36 minutes, 37 minutes. 38 minutes, 39 minutes, 40 minutes, 41 minutes, 42 minutes, 43 minutes, 44 minutes, 45 minutes, 46 minutes, 47 minutes, 48 minutes, 49 minutes, 50 minutes, 51 minutes, 52 minutes, 53 minutes, 54 minutes, 55 minutes, 56 minutes, 57 minutes, 58 minutes, 59 minutes, or about 60 minutes.45BIOCH-43594.601[000190] In some aspects, the process for producing a biomaterial resin further comprises pelletizing the biomaterial resin. The present disclosure contemplates using any equipment for pelletizing that is available to the skilled artisan. Exemplary pelletizers include, without limitation, extruders, such as single-screw extruder and twin-screw extruder; pelletizers, such as strand pelletizer, underwater pelletizer, disc pelletizer, water-ring pelletizer, and hot-face pelletizer; granulators, such as centrifugal granulator and rotary cutter granulator; cooling and drying systems, such as air-cooling conveyor, water bath with conveyor, and fluidized bed dryer; compounding equipment, such as mixer-extruder combo and inline high-shear mixer; laboratoryscale equipment, such as benchtop extruder and pelletizer.[000191] In some aspects, the process for producing the biomaterial resin further comprises removing undesired foam and / or gas bubbles from the biomaterial resin while the base resin mixture is being compounded and / or extruded. In other aspects, the process for producing the biomaterial resin further comprises removing undesired foam and / or gas bubbles from the biomaterial resin after the base resin mixture is mixed and / or homogenized. The disclosure contemplates using any technique of removing the undesired foam and / or gas bubbles available to the skilled artisan. In some aspects, removal is performed by vacuum degassing. In some aspects, foam prevention is performed by antifoam addition to the base resin.[000192] In other aspects, drying comprises subjecting the biomaterial to a heat transfer procedure at a temperature of up to 25.0 °C. from about 25.0 °C to about 80.0 °C, or greater than 80.0 °C for a period of less than or equal to 1 day, from about 1 to 7 days, or greater than 7 days.[000193] In some aspects, drying is performed at a temperature of about 2 °C, 4 °C, 6 °C, 8 °C, 10 °C, 12 °C, 14 °C, 16 °C, 18 °C, 20 °C. 22 °C. 24 °C. or 25 °C for a period of about 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours. 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, 11 hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or about 24 hours.46BIOCH-43594.601[000194] In some aspects, drying is performed at a temperature of about 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, or about 80 °C, for a period of about 1 day. 1 day 6 hours, 2 days, 2 days 6 hours, 3 days, 3 days 6 hours, 4 days, 4 days 6 hours. 5 days, 5 days 6 hours, 6 days, 6 days 6 hours, or up to about 7 days or more.[000195] Any suitable heat transfer procedure can be used. In some aspects, the heat transfer procedure comprises convection, radiation, and / or diffusion.Process for producing rigid micro-carriers (e.g., micro-beads)[000196] Aspects of the present disclosure processes for producing rigid micro-carriers (e.g., micro-beads).[000197] In some aspects, to make rigid micro-carriers, perform the above-mentioned steps described in section 7 with the following modifications. To impregnate or load microorganisms of choice to micro-carriers, add the pre-incubated microorganisms of choice at their exponential growth phase into the biomaterial base resin mixture (i.e.. add mixed liquor suspended solids of selected microorganisms in tap water, along with the other components of the base resin).[000198] To make rigid micro-carriers, micro-beads, or bio-pellets, mix the above-mentioned biomaterial resin using a compounder / extrusion line or transfer the pre-mixed resin through a pump (or peristaltic pump, or diaphragm pump, or gear pump, or any other positive displacement pumps, any low shear rate pumps, or any other type of pumps), and further through a die (or a needle or an orifice with a diameter including but not limited to 0.5 mm, or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm). The produced filaments or strings pass through a bath containing a curing agent solution at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C). If necessary, the cured filaments or strings are further pelletized to proper size including but not limited to 0.5 mm or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm to make final rigid bio-pellets, or micro-carriers, or micro-beads.[000199] If a pump and needle are used to transfer the resin, drop-cast the drops of resin into a curing agent solution to make spheres and let them cure for < 1.0 day, or 1.0 day-1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully cured and hardened at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C).[000200] After curing the bio-pellets, micro-carriers, or micro-beads in the curing agent solution, drain the curing agent solution and let the bioproducts further dry at room temperature47BIOCH-43594.601(RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C) for < 1.0 day, or 1.0- 1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully dried.Biodegradable and compostable biofoam products and rigid biomaterials[000201] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to biodegradable and compostable biofoam products and rigid biomaterials that can be utilized as a variety of packaging materials including but not limited to biofoam packaging boxes and biofoam peanuts, insulating biofoam, flexible and rigid mattresses, as well as in a variety of other applications such as bio-pellets, microbeads, microcarriers, disposable utensils and cutleries, rigid boxes, totes, and packaging items, biocompatible bio-carriers for control release of drugs and biologies, wound healing patches, automotive parts, conductive polymers among other applications.[000202] The above-mentioned biomaterials were produced using various kinds of mixtures of biologically derived compounds, biopolymers, natural compounds, waste-derived substances, including but not limited to groups of hydrocolloids, hydrogels, mucilages, nitrogenous compounds, polyols, amphiphiles, polysaccharides, fibers, holdfast materials, aquatic and terrestrial biomass and their waste, agricultural waste, food and fruit waste, municipal and industrial solid waste, municipal and industrial wastewater, waste activated sludge, micro- and macro-algal biomass and their waste, microbial biomass and their waste, fungal biomass and their waste, archaeal biomass and their waste, proteins, lipids, waste cooking oil or any other waste oils, fats, waxes, greases, and minerals.[000203] It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that other suitable modifications and adaptations of the methods of the present disclosure described herein are readily applicable and appreciable, and may be made using suitable equivalents without departing from the scope of the present disclosure or the aspects and embodiments disclosed herein. Having now described the present disclosure in detail, the same will be more clearly understood by reference to the following examples, which are merely intended only to illustrate some aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure, and should not be viewed as limiting to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosures of all journal references, U.S. patents, and publications referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.MATERIALS & METHODS48BIOCH-43594.601[000204] The following describes the selected unit operations in the order of their appearance while valorizing exemplary bioresource or waste feedstocks.Crustacean shell waste valorization to produce chitin and chitosan[000205] Crustacean shell waste valorization to produce chitin and chitosan can be performed by:[000206] 1. washing and pretreatment;[000207] 2. size reduction;[000208] 3. acidic treatment and separation to extract and separate minerals from biosolids;[000209] 4. alkaline treatment and separation to extract and separate proteins from biosolids;[000210] 5. decoloration and separation to extract and separate dyes and pigments from biosolids;[000211] 6. alkaline treatment and separation to perform chitin deacetylation and conversion to chitosan as the final biosolid product; and[000212] 7. optional disinfection of the final biosolid product.Fungal biomass valorization to produce chitin and chitosan[000213] Fungal biomass valorization to produce chitin and chitosan can be performed by:[000214] 1. optionally washing and pretreatment;[000215] 2. size reduction (i.e., homogenization);[000216] 3. alkaline treatment and separation to extract and separate mainly proteins from biosolids:[000217] 4. acidic treatment and separation to extract and separate mainly chitin and chitosan from biosolids;[000218] 5. alkaline treatment and separation of liquid extract to precipitate chitin and chitosan as biosolids;[000219] 6. alkaline treatment and separation of the biosolids to perform chitin deacetylation and conversion to chitosan as the final biosolid product; and[000220] 7. optional disinfection of the final biosolid product.Old corrugated cardboard, paper, and lignocellulosic waste valorization to produce lignin, hemicellulose, and / or microcrystalline cellulose49BIOCH-43594.601[000221] Old corrugated cardboard, paper, and lignocellulosic waste valorization to produce lignin, hemicellulose, and / or microcrystalline cellulose can be performed by:[000222] 1. washing and pretreatment;[000223] 2. size reduction;[000224] 3. alkaline treatment and separation to extract and separate lignin and hemicellulose from biosolids;[000225] 4. decoloration and separation to further extract and separate lignin, dyes, and pigments from biosolids;[000226] 5. acidic treatment and separation to hydrolyze cellulose into microcrystalline cellulose as the final biosolid product; and[000227] 6. optional disinfection of the final biosolid product.Fruit waste valorization to produce hydrocolloids (e.g., pectin)[000228] Fruit waste valorization to produce hydrocolloids can be performed by:[000229] 1. washing and pretreatment;[000230] 2. size reduction;[000231] 3. acidic treatment and separation to extract and separate hydrocolloids (e.g., polysaccharides, amylopectins, and pectins among others) from biomass;[000232] 4. optionally subjecting the liquid extract containing hydrocolloids to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment step), concentration, or drying;[000233] 5. subjecting biosolid residues to lignocellulosic waste valorization process to produce microcrystalline cellulose; and[000234] 6. optional disinfection of the final hydrocolloids and biosolid product.Food waste and microbial biomass valorization to produce hydrocolloids (e.g., starch and glycogen, among others)[000235] Food waste and microbial biomass valorization to produce hydrocolloids can be performed by:[000236] 1. size reduction;[000237] 2. optionally solvent treatment and separation to extract bioactives from biomass (e.g., agri-food waste or microbial biomass among others);50BIOCH-43594.601[000238] 3. aqua treatment and separation to extract and separate water-soluble hydrocolloids (e.g., starch) from biosolids;[000239] 4. alkaline treatment and separation to extract and separate alkaline- soluble hydrocolloids (e.g., starch and glycogen) from biosolids;[000240] 5. optionally subjecting the combined liquid extracts containing hydrocolloids from aqua and alkaline treatment steps to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment step), concentration, or drying;[000241] 6. subjecting biosolid residues to lignocellulosic waste valorization process to produce microcrystalline cellulose as described above; and[000242] 7. optional disinfection of the final hydrocolloids and biosolid product.Bioresource recovery from seeds and beans to produce hydrocolloids (e.g., guar and locust beans among others)[000243] Bioresource recovery from seeds and beans to produce hydrocolloids (e.g., guar and locust beans among others) can be performed by:[000244] 1. size reduction (note that after size reduction, one can directly use the ground biosolids in biomaterials production);[000245] 2. aqua treatment and separation to extract and separate water-soluble hydrocolloids (e.g., polysaccharides and galactomannans among others) from biomass;[000246] 3. optionally subjecting the liquid extract containing hydrocolloids to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment step), concentration, or drying;[000247] 4. subjecting biosolid residues to lignocellulosic waste valorization process to produce microcrystalline cellulose as described above and[000248] 5. optional disinfection of the final hydrocolloids and biosolid product.Exemplary protocol on how to set up a sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) to continuously grow PHA-, glycogen-, chitin-, or EPS-producing microorganisms[000249] Perform the following steps to maintain steady-state feast-famine growth cycles of PHA-, glycogen-, chitin-, or EPS-producing microorganisms in a sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR). Microorganisms are selected for the specified target bioproducts, for example, PHA-producing microorganisms, glycogen-producing microorganisms, chitin-producing fungi and yeasts, alginate-producing microorganisms, gellan gum producing microorganisms, pullulan- 51BIOCH-43594.601producing microorganisms, xanthan-producing microorganisms, EPS-producing microorganisms, and any combination thereof, including microorganism that can produce any two, three, four, and / or five or more specified target bioproducts.[000250] 1. Select a microorganism for a specified target bioproducts.[000251] 2. Calibrate the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) meters using the manufacturer’s protocols.[000252] 3. Add the initial inoculum to the sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) bottle (1.8-2 L working volume) using the waste or returned activated sludge (WAS or RAS) obtained from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).[000253] 4. Set up the aeration system to maintain 1.0- 1.5 vvm (L / L / min) air to the SBR.[000254] 5. Set up the agitation speed at 200.0-300.0 rpm or alternatively apply variable speed agitation ranging from 200.0 rpm to 700.0 rpm.[000255] 6. Maintain pH at 6.8-7.2 using a pH controller and acid and base solutions (i.e., 1 M KOH and 1 M HC1 solutions).[000256] 7. Set up the inlet feed, discharge water holding tanks (19 L each) and their corresponding pumps and tubings.[000257] 8. Maintain 2.5 h cycle length (CL), 3.0 d solids residence time (SRT), and 9.0 h hydraulics residence time (HRT) by withdrawing 60.0 ml / cycle mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 420.0 ml / cycle supernatant. To do so, set up the timers of the aeration system and agitator, effluent MLSS and effluent clear supernatant pumps, and inlet feed pump such that to have the following sequences: 1.0 min MLSS withdrawal time, 30.0 min solids settling time, 7.0 min clear supernatant withdrawal time, 1 min lag time, 8.0 min feeding time, 103.0 min reaction time; it should be noted that aeration and agitation are OFF during solids settling and clear supernatant withdrawal time, while they are ON during the rest of the feast-famine cycle.[000258] 9. Every 3-days properly discard the waste activated sludge (WAS) holding tank and replenish the feed tank with fresh wastewater from the WWTP.[000259] 10. Preferred growth temperature is 28.0 °C (but to mimic the growth condition happening at large-scale WWTP, 25.0-30.0 °C is recommended).[000260] 11. Preferably, collect pH and DO data every 2-5 min to see the biomass evolution over cycles.52BIOCH-43594.601[000261] 12. Collect samples of the inlet feed, and withdrawn supernatant and MLSS every day to measure chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (total nitrogen), total carbon in the inlet feed, and total suspended solids (TSS). polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen in the withdrawn MLSS. It should be noted that upon collection of MLSS samples, split it into different aliquots to measure TSS, volatile suspended solids (VSS), and intracellular storage compounds such as PHA and glycogen (please add few drops of 4 N HC1 acid solution to aliquots collected for the PHA and glycogen analyses to stop biological activities).[000262] 13. Please keep track of all the masses and densities (or volumes) of the samples that are collected in order to implement them in the mass balance equations.[000263] 14. Add a few drops of allythiourea (or as much as required) to stop nitrification.Exemplary Protocol on how to measure TSS[000264] 1. Set up the vacuum filtration system.[000265] 2. Label and pre- weigh clean blank Whatman Glass Fiber filters, along with clean aluminum cups.[000266] 3. Collect 10 ml of MLSS (ideally in duplicate) and pass it through the filter. It should be noted that if the permeate is to be analyzed for any parameters, please do not add / dilute the permeate with water.[000267] 4. Weigh the filter having the retentate (wet biosolids), along with the aluminum cup.[000268] 5. Dry the filtered wet biosolids samples at 40.0-50.0 °C (standard temperature: 105 °C) for 48.0 h (standard drying time: 24.0 h) or until constant mass is obtained.[000269] 6. Weigh the dried filtered biosolids and calculate the TSS as follows:[000270] [TSS] = 100xdry_biomass / wet_biomass.Exemplary protocol on how to enhance PHA bioproduction and extraction[000271] Perform the following steps to enhance PHA bioproduction and extraction.[000272] 1. In continuous operation mode, collect the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) withdrawn at the end of a given steady-state feast-famine cycle in a preweighed bottle and weigh the MLSS and bottle to calculate the net mass of MLSS collected.[000273] 2. Let the MLSS rest for 0.5 h, and then separate the clarified supernatant from the solids precipitate (i.e., waste activated sludge, WAS). Weigh and record the net mass of the 53BIOCH-43594.601clarified supernatant and wet WAS. Separately, measure the total dry solids content of the collected WAS.[000274] 3. Resuspend the wet WAS in a preweighed bottle (batch bioreactor, BR) in which the same amount of fresh medium having high C / N ratio (i.e., add glucose into fresh baseline wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 10.0 g-glucose / l-fresh-medium, or alternatively use high C / N ratio leachate of solid waste such as fruit waste, agricultural waste, or lignocellulosic waste). Note that other triggering and enhancing techniques available to the skilled artisan can be employed to enhance PHA and potentially glycogen production in this step.[000275] 4. Set the aeration system at 1.0- 1.5 vvm (L / L / min) and let the batch bioreactor (BR) operate at 25.0-28.0 °C temperature, pH 6.8-7.2, and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 6.0-8.0 mg-Oj / L (if oxygen-limited condition needs to be established to enhance target bioproduct production, set DO to < 2.0 mg-OVL or 2.0-6.0 mg-OVL).[000276] 5. After 36.0 h of batch operation or shorter or longer time depending on the set conditions, stop the aeration system and weigh the net mass of MLSS in the batch bioreactor.[000277] 6. Let the MLSS rest for 0.5 h to settle activated sludge (Xa) biomass.[000278] 7. Separate the supernatant from the Xa biomass and weigh their net masses (transfer the wet Xa into a PYREX bottle).[000279] 8. Add 1,2-propylene carbonate (DIPC) solvent to the Xa biomass at 1.0 g-wet-Xa / 1.5 g-solvent mass ratio and blend homogenate for 2.0-4.0 min with the Beast Blender at 19,800 rpm. Then extract PHA at 90-120 °C (optimally at 105 °C) (optionally, at 250 rpm) for 2.0 h.[000280] 9. For a better extraction yield, it is better to homogenize the biomass before adding DIPC.[000281] 10. Let the suspension cool down to room temperature.[000282] 11. Filter and separate the PHA extract (permeate) from the lysate biomass (retentate).[000283] 12. Add water as antisolvent at 0.6 g-antisolvent / g-PHA-extract.[000284] 13. Let the suspension rest to settle PHA at room temperature for 48.0 h.[000285] 14. Separate supernatant from PHA and weigh the wet PHA.[000286] 15. Dry the produced wet PHA at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h, and then weigh the dried PHA product to calculate the PHA extraction yield per dry basis (g-dry-PHA / g-dry-Xa).[000287] 16. Perform optional UV-disinfection of the final biosolid product.54BIOCH-43594.601Exemplary protocol on how to enhance EPS bioproduction and extraction[000288] Perform the following steps to enhance bioproduction and extraction of exopolymeric substances or exopolysaccharides (EPS) (including but not limited to alginates, gellan gum, pullulan, or xanthan gum among other types of EPS).[000289] In continuous operation mode, collect the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) withdrawn at the end of a given steady-state feast-famine cycle in a preweighed bottle and weigh the MLSS and bottle to calculate the net mass of MLSS collected.[000290] Let the MLSS rest for 0.5 h, and then separate the clarified supernatant from the solids precipitate (i.e., waste activated sludge or microbial biomass, WAS). Weigh and record the net mass of the clarified supernatant and wet WAS. Separately, measure the total dry solids content of the collected WAS.[000291] Resuspend the wet WAS in a preweighed bottle (batch bioreactor, BR) in which the same amount of fresh medium having high C / N ratio of 3.0-30.0 (i.e., add glucose into fresh baseline wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 10.0 g-glucose / l-fresh-medium, or alternatively use high C / N ratio leachate of solid waste such as fruit waste, agricultural waste, or lignocellulosic waste). Note that other triggering and enhancing techniques available to the skilled artisan can be employed to enhance EPS production in this step.[000292] Set the aeration system at 1.0- 1.5 vvm (L / L / min) and let the batch bioreactor (BR) operate at 25.0-30.0 °C temperature, pH 6.5-7.5, and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 6.0-8.0 mg-O / L (if oxygen-limited condition needs to be established to enhance target bioproduct production, set DO to < 2.0 mg-CK / L or 2.0-6.0 mg-CK / L).[000293] After 36.0-96.0 h of batch operation or shorter or longer time depending on the set conditions, stop the aeration system and weigh the net mass of MLSS in the batch bioreactor.[000294] Let the MLSS rest for 0.5 h to settle activated sludge (Xa) biomass in a heated settling tank (temperature range of 30.0 - 90.0 °C or up to 121.0 °C).[000295] Separate the ESP-containing supernatant from the microbial biomass and weigh their net masses.[000296] Use the separated EPS suspension in the biomaterial formulations through compounding; or optionally subject it to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment55BIOCH-43594.601step), concentration, deacetylation, drying, or UV-disinfection before being compounded to the biomaterial formulations.[000297] Use the wet microbial biomass as filler in the biomaterial formulations through compounding.Exemplary protocol on how to extract pectin:[000298] Perform the following steps to extract pectin from fruit pomace. It should be noted that to keep track of mass losses, weigh containers before and after any step at which there is mass transfer (i.e., mass addition or withdrawal).[000299] Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.[000300] Grind 450.0 g tap water / 200.0 g fresh feedstock (2.25 g TW / 1 g feedstock) using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g., blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min.[000301] All tests were performed with a 1 min cycle controlled by the B10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20 sec, briefly stop (< 1 sec), blend for 25 s, briefly stop (< 1 sec), blend for 15 sec. Stop after 1 minute.[000302] Transfer the ground feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle.[000303] Prepare a dilute acid (DA) solution such as acetic acid (AC) at [AC] = 0.025 g-AC / g-water.[000304] Prepare a homogenate by adding the DA solution into the ground feedstock at 6.0 g-DA / g-fresh-solids mass ratio (e.g., add 1200.0 g DA into 200.0 g fresh feedstock).[000305] Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0-90.0 °C, 250 rpm for (10.0 min, 80.0 min, 150.0 min)[000306] After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).[000307] Weigh the separated liquid and solids.56BIOCH-43594.601[000308] To measure TS of the settled solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21 °C freezer for further cellulose extraction.[000309] Concentrate the supernatant (or permeate) or precipitate pectin by performing the following protocol.[000310] Perform optional UV-disinf ection of the final pectin concentrate or biosolid.Exemplary protocol on how to extract starch or glycogen:[000311] Perform the following steps to extract starch or glycogen from food waste or microbial biomass, respectively.[000312] Solvent treatment:a. Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.b. Grind 250.0 g tap water / 200.0 g fresh feedstock (1.25 g-tw / 1.0 g-fresh-feedstock) using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g., blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min. i.All tests were performed with a 1.0 min cycle controlled by the B 10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 25.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 15.0 sec. Stops after 1.0 minute.c. Transfer the ground feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).d. Wash the grinder tank (GT) with 230.0 g tap water (i.e., total dilution water added to the ground feedstock is 480.0 g) and transfer its content into the extraction tank.e. Prepare a concentrated solvent (CS) solution such as ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (ipOH), methanol (mtOH), or any other solvent at [solvent]Cs = 1.0 g-solvent / g-total-concentrated- solvent-solution.f. Prepare a homogenate by adding the concentrated solvent solution into the mixture of ground feedstock and dilution water to obtain 3.0 g-DS-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute solvent (DS) concentration [solvent]DSof 0.15 g-solvent / g-homogenate (e.g., add 120.0 g57BIOCH-43594.601concentrated solvent solution at 1.0 g-solvent / g-total-concentrated-solvent-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g ground fresh feedstock add 480.0 g dilution water).g. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 60.0 °C. 250.0 rpm for 2.5 h. h. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).i. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid partially contains solvent- soluble bioactives, lipids, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, and pigments among others, whereas the solid stream mainly contains carbohydrates, starch, glycogen, cellulosic materials, and some proteins.j. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following starch or glycogen extraction steps.[000313] Aqua treatment:a. Transfer the solids portion of the previous solvent treatment step to a 1-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).b. Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank. c. To the solids portion of the previous solvent treatment step add dilution water (e.g., tap water, deionized water, distilled water, distilled deionized water, brine, filtered or non-filtered seawater, filtered or non-filtered or treated or non-treated wastewater, or any other types of water, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste among others) to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilution-water / g-fresh-solids mass ratio (e.g., add 700.0 g dilution water into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids).d. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 70.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 3.0 h. e. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).58BIOCH-43594.601f. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains water-soluble starch, whereas the solid stream mainly contains highly branched starch such as glycogen, cellulose, proteins, and some impurities.g. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following alkaline treatment step.[000314] Alkaline treatment:a. Transfer the solids portion of the previous aqua treatment step to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).b. Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank. c. Prepare a concentrated base (CB) solution such as sodium carbonate (SC) or potassium hydroxide (PH) at [PH]CB= 0.66 g-PH / g-CB -solution.d. To the solids portion of the previous aqua treatment step add concentrated base (CB) solution and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-base-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute base (DB) concentration [PH]DBof 0.11 g-PH / g-homogenate (e.g., add 150.0 g concentrated base (CB) solution at [PH] ,;of 0.66 g-PH / g-CB-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids and 550.0 g dilution water).e. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 85.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 2.0 h. f. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).g. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains alkaline-soluble starch, glycogen, carbohydrates, and proteins, whereas the solid stream mainly contains cellulose and some pigments.h. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following microcrystalline cellulose extraction and separation steps through lignocellulosic waste valorization process.59BIOCH-43594.601i. Optionally subject the combined liquid extracts containing starch or glycogen from aqua and alkaline treatment steps to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment step), concentration, drying, or UV-disinfection.Exemplary protocol on how to precipitate polysaccharides:[000315] Perform the following steps to precipitate polysaccharides (such as pectin) in a liquid extract (LiqExt).[000316] Add ethanol ([ET] = 70% g / g) at mass ratio 0.15 g-ET / g-LiqExt into the liquid extract.[000317] Mix it at 12.0 °C, 250.0 rpm, for 1.0 h in a chiller water bath.[000318] Let the suspension rest for 0.5 h at 12.0 °C, and then separate the liquid supernatant (use a preweighed nylon filter if necessary).[000319] Collect and weigh the wet precipitate, and further dry it at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h; further, weigh the dried product and calculate the product yield per dry basis (i.e., y g-dry-product / g-dry-feedstock) .[000320] Perform optional UV-disinfection of the final bioproduct.Exemplary protocol on how to extract value-added hydrocolloids such as microcrystalline cellulose or other polysaccharides from lignocellulosic bioresources or their related wastes:[000321] Perform the following steps to extract cellulose from cellulosic waste including but not limited to lignocellulosic waste, agro-industrial waste, forestry waste, yard waste, old corrugated cardboard, pulp and paper waste, paper waste, or macroalgae waste among others.[000322] Alkaline treatment:a. Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.b. Grind 250.0 g tap water / 200.0 g fresh feedstock (1.25 g-tw / 1 g-fresh-feedstock) using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g., blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min.60BIOCH-43594.601i. All tests were performed with a 1.0 min cycle controlled by the B 10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1 sec), blend for 25.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 15.0 sec. Stop after 1.0 minute.c. Transfer the ground feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).d. Wash the grinder tank (GT) with 100.0 g tap water (i.e., total dilution water added to the ground feedstock is 350.0 g) and transfer its content into the extraction tank.e. Prepare a concentrated base (CB) solution such as sodium carbonate (SC) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) at [SC]CB= 0.2 g-SC / g-water.f. Prepare a homogenate by adding the concentrated base solution into the mixture of ground feedstock and dilution water to obtain 3.5 g-DB / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute base concentration [SC]DBof 0.1 g-SC / g-water (e.g., add 350.0 g concentrated base solution at 0.2 g- SC / g-water into the mixture of 200.0 g ground fresh feedstock add 350.0 g dilution water). g. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 60.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 1.0 h. h. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).i. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid partially contains alkaline- soluble proteins, polysaccharides, hemicellulose and lignin, whereas the solid stream mainly contains cellulose and some lignin and pigments.j. In a case that the liquid extract contains alkaline- soluble hydrocolloids and mucilages of interest such gums, polysaccharides, starches, alginates, or carrageenans, the liquid extract undergoes polysaccharide concentration, drying, or precipitation; for instance, polysaccharide precipitation is achieved using the acidic treatment (e.g., alginic acid precipitation), solvent treatment (e.g., alcohol-assisted precipitation of polysaccharides, carrageenans, or alginates), or gel-press process (e.g., carrageenan gel formation in a potassium chloride or any other salts solution).61BIOCH-43594.601k. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following cellulose extraction steps.[000323] Decoloration:[000324] Transfer the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step to a 1-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).[000325] Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank.[000326] To the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step add concentrated decolorant (CDC) solution (H2O2, DC) and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-decolorant-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute decolorant (DDC) concentration [DC]DDC of 0.03 g-DC / g-water (e.g., add 350.0 g concentrated decolorant (CDC) solution at [DC]CKof 0.06 g-DC / g-water into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids add 350.0 g dilution water).[000327] Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 1.0 h.[000328] After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).[000329] Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains lignin and pigments, whereas the solid stream mainly contains cellulose and some impurities.[000330] To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following (optional) cellulose acidic treatment step.[000331] Acidic treatment:[000332] Transfer the solids portion of the previous decoloration step to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).[000333] Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank.62BIOCH-43594.601[000334] To the solids portion of the previous decoloration step add concentrated acid (CA) solution (acetic acid, AC) and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-acid-solution / g-fresh- solids mass ratio at final dilute acid (DA) concentration [AC]DAof 0.025 g-AC / g-water (e.g., add 350.0 g concentrated acid (CA) solution at [AC]aof 0.05 g-AC / g-water into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids add 350 g dilution water).[000335] Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0 °C. 250.0 rpm for 1.0 h.[000336] After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).[000337] Wash the separated solids with tap water 2-3x at mass water / solids ratio of 3.0 g-water / g-solids or until neutral pH is reached.[000338] Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains acid soluble minerals, whereas the solid stream mainly contains microcellulose.[000339] To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer or dry it at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h to obtain the final dry microcellulose product.[000340] Perform optional UV-disinf ection of the final bioproduct.Exemplary protocol on how to extract value-added chitin and chitosan from crustacean shell waste:[000341] Perform the following steps to extract chitin from crustacean waste.[000342] Acidic treatment:a. Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.b. Grind 250.0 g tap water / 200.0 g fresh feedstock (1.25 g-tw / 1.0 g-fresh-feedstock) using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g.. blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min.63BIOCH-43594.601i. All tests were performed with a 1.0 min cycle controlled by the B 10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 25.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 15.0 sec. Stop after 1.0 minute.c. Transfer the ground feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).d. Wash the grinder tank (GT) with 360.0 g tap water (i.e., total dilution water added to the ground feedstock is 610.0 g) and transfer its content into the extraction tank (note: rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank.e. Next, add concentrated acid (CA) solution (acetic acid, AC) to the mixture of dilution water and ground feedstock to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-acid-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute acid (DA) concentration [AC]DJof 0.045 g-AC / g-homogenate (e.g., add 90.0 g concentrated acid (CA) solution at [AC]CAof 0.45 g-AC / g-CA-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids and 610.0 g dilution water).f. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 2.0 h. g. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).h. Wash the separated solids with tap water 2-3x at mass water / solids ratio of 3.0 g-water / g- solids or until neutral pH is reached.i. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains acid soluble minerals, whereas the solid stream mainly contains demineralized biomass.j. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer or dry it at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h to obtain the final dry demineralized biomass product.[000343] Alkaline treatment:a. Transfer the solids portion of the previous acidic extraction step to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).64BIOCH-43594.601b. Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank. c. Prepare a concentrated base (CB) solution such as sodium carbonate (SC) or potassium hydroxide (PH) at [PH]CB= 0.14 g-PH / g-CB -solution.d. To the solids portion of the previous acidic extraction step add concentrated base (CB) solution and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-base-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute base (DB) concentration [PH]DBof 0.07 g-PH / g-homogenate (e.g., add 450.0 g concentrated base (CB) solution at [PH]1;of 0.14 g-PH / g-CB-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids and 250.0 g dilution water).e. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 60.0 °C. 250.0 rpm for 2.0 h. f. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).g. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains alkaline soluble proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, whereas the solid stream mainly contains chitin and some pigments.h. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following decoloration step and chitosan conversion step.[000344] Decoloration:a. Transfer the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step to a 1-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).b. Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank. c. To the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step add concentrated decolorant (CDC) solution (HCh, DC) and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-decolorant-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute decolorant (DDC) concentration [DC]DDC of 0.075 g-DC / g-homogenate (e.g., add 563.0 g concentrated decolorant (CDC) solution at [DC],. of 0.12 g-DC / g-CDC-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids and 138.0 g dilution water).65BIOCH-43594.601d. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 37.5 °C, 250.0 rpm for 2.0 h. e. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).f. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains pigments, whereas the solid stream mainly contains chitin and some impurities.g. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following polysaccharide deacetylation (chitosan conversion) step. h. Perform optional UV-disinfection of the final bioproduct.Exemplary protocol on how to perform polysaccharide deacetylation:[000345] Transfer the extracted polysaccharides product of the preceding step (i.e., chitin solids produced from either alkaline extraction or decoloration step in chitin extraction, or polysaccharides in liquid supernatant of exopolysaccharides (EPS) fermentation processes) to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).[000346] Rinse the polysaccharides container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank.[000347] Prepare a concentrated base (CB) solution such as sodium carbonate (SC) or potassium hydroxide (PH) at [PH]CB= 0.4 g-PH / g-CB-solution.[000348] To the polysaccharides sample of the previous extraction step add concentrated base (CB) solution and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-base-solution / g-fresh-polysaccharides-feedstock mass ratio at final dilute base (DB) concentration [PH]DBof 0.2 g-PH / g-homogenate (e.g.. add 450.0 g concentrated base (CB) solution at [PH]CBof 0.4 g-PH / g-CB-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh polysaccharides feedstock and 250.0 g dilution water).[000349] Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 65.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 2.0 h.66BIOCH-43594.601[000350] After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).[000351] Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that in the case of chitin solids as feedstock, the liquid mainly contains alkaline soluble proteins and organic impurities, whereas the solid stream mainly contains chitosan; in the case of polysaccharides in liquid supernatant of fermentation processes, the liquid mainly contains deacetylated polysaccharides of interest and the solids contain cell debris and some impurities if any.[000352] To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above.[000353] In the case of having the deacetylated polysaccharides in the liquid stream, spray dry, concentrate, UV-disinfect it, or directly use it as the final product; In the case of having the deacetylated polysaccharides in the solid stream, either directly use it as the final product, dry it using spray drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, or convective drying, or store the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for further use.[000354] In any case perform optional UV-disinfection of the final bioproduct.Exemplary protocol on fungal production of chitin and chitosan:[000355] A sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) was operated to produce fungal mycelia using agri-food waste extract and municipal and industrial wastewater as follows:[000356] Add the initial fungal inoculum to the SBR bottle (1.8-2.0 L working volume) using a liquid pre-culture of fungi including but not limited to fungi of Zygomycetes now Zoopagomycota phylum and Mucoromycota phylum (e.g., Mucor rouxii, Absidia glauca, Cunninghamella elegans, Gongronella butleri, Rhizopus oryz.ae. and Rhizopus delemar), Ascomycota phylum (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma reesei), and Basidiomycota phylum (e.g., Pleurolus pubnonarius, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Lentinus edodes) among others.[000357] Set up the aeration system to maintain 1.0-2.0 vvm (L / L / min) air to the SBR.67BIOCH-43594.601[000358] Set up the agitation speed at 200.0-300.0 rpm or alternatively apply variable speed agitation ranging from 200.0 rpm to 700.0 rpm.[000359] Maintain pH at 4.5-6.0 using a pH controller and acid and base solutions (i.e.. 1.0 M KOH and 1.0 M HC1 solutions).[000360] Set up the inlet feed, discharge water holding tanks (19.0 L each) and their corresponding pumps and tubings.[000361] Maintain 2.5 h cycle length (CL), 3.0 d solids residence time (SRT), and 9.0 h hydraulics residence time (HRT) by withdrawing 60.0 ml / cycle mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 420.0 ml / cycle supernatant. To do so, set up the timers of the aeration system and agitator, effluent MLSS and effluent clear supernatant pumps, and inlet feed pump such that to have the following sequences: 1.0 min MLSS withdrawal time, 30.0 min solids settling time, 7.0 min clear supernatant withdrawal time. 1.0 min lag time, 8.0 min feeding time, 103.0 min reaction time; it should be noted that aeration and agitation are OFF during solids settling and clear supernatant withdrawal time, while they are ON during the rest of the feast-famine cycle.[000362] Every 3-days properly discard the clear supernatant holding tank and collect the stored MLSS.[000363] The MLSS contains fungal biomass that needs to be separated from liquid using gravitational solids settling, centrifugation, filtration or any other solids-liquid separation methods. The separated biosolids undergo chitin and chitosan extraction as described below.[000364] Ideal growth temperature is 28.0 °C (but to mimic the growth condition happening in nature, 25.0-30.0 °C is recommended).[000365] Ideally, collect pH and DO data every 2.0-5.0 min to see the biomass evolution over cycles.[000366] Collect samples of the inlet feed, and withdrawn supernatant and MLSS every day to measure chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (total nitrogen), total carbon in the inlet feed, and total suspended solids (TSS), chitin, and chitosan in the biosolids separated from the withdrawn MLSS. It should be noted that upon collection of MLSS samples, split it into different aliquots to measure TSS, volatile suspended solids (VSS), chitin, and chitosan (please add few 68BIOCH-43594.601drops of 4.0 N HC1 acid solution to aliquots collected for the chitin and chitosan analyses to stop biological activities).[000367] Please keep track of all the masses and densities (or volumes) of the samples that are collected in order to implement them in the mass balance equations.[000368] Settle biomass in the MLSS sample, and separate it from liquid supernatant.[000369] Optionally, wash the separated biomass with tap water at mass waterbiomass ratio of 1:1 g / g.[000370] To enhance fungal chitosan production, transfer the (washed) biomass into a batch bioreactor and perform the following steps.a. Add fresh wastewater feedstock to the batch bioreactor such that to maintain 2.5-5. Ox biomass concentration as compared to that of the preceding SBR system.b. In order to induce chitosan production, add acetic acid solution in a concentration range of 20.0-150.0 mg / L to the batch bioreactor.c. Maintain temperature, agitation speed, DO, and pH of the batch at 25.0-30.0 °C, 200.0- 300.0 rpm, 1.0-2.0 vvm (L / L / min), and 4.5-6.0, respectively.d. Withdraw the MLSS out of the batch bioreactor every 3.0 days (maintaining a 3.0 d SRT). Further, separate solids from liquid by settling, centrifugation, filtration (using nylon filters at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size) or any other solid-liquid separation methods.e. Collect samples every 12.0 h for analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, biomass, chitin and chitosan concentrations.[000371] In order to extract chitin and chitosan from fungal biomass perform the following steps:a. Alkaline treatment:i.Optionally, wash the separated fungal biomass with tap water at mass water:biomass ratio of 1:1 - 15:1 g / g.69BIOCH-43594.601ii. Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.iii.Grind 250.0 g tap water / 200.0 g fresh feedstock (1.25 g-tw / 1.0 g-fresh-feedstock) using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g., blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min.1. All tests were performed with a 1.0 min cycle controlled by the B 10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 25.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 15.0 sec. Stop after 1.0 minute.iv.Transfer the ground feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).v.Wash the grinder tank (GT) with some of the dilution water (i.e., total dilution water added to the ground feedstock is 250.0 g) and transfer its content into the extraction tank).vi.Prepare a concentrated base (CB) solution (examples of bases are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and any other types of bases including but not limited to sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate among others) at [Base]™ = 0.14 g-base / g-CB -solution.vii.Add concentrated base (CB) solution to the mixture of dilution water and ground feedstock to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-base-solution / g-fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute base (DB) concentration [Base]DB of 0.07 g-PH / g-homogenate (e.g., add 450 g concentrated base (CB) solution at [Base]™ of 0.14 g-base / g-CB-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids and 250.0 g dilution water).viii.Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0-120.0 °C, 200.0-500.0 rpm for 20.0- 180.0 min.ix.After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5-2.0 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).x. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains alkaline soluble proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, whereas the solids mainly contain chitin and chitosan.70BIOCH-43594.601xi.To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following acidic extraction step and chitosan conversion step.b. Acidic treatment:i.Transfer the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET).ii.Rinse the solids container with some of the dilution water and add it to the extraction tank. iii.To the solids portion of the previous alkaline extraction step add concentrated acid (CA) solution (acetic acid, AC) and dilution water to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilute-acid-solution / g- fresh-solids mass ratio at final dilute acid (DA) concentration [AC]DAof 0.045 g-AC / g-homogenate (e.g., add 90.0 g concentrated acid (CA) solution at [AC]CAof 0.45 g-AC / g-CA-solution into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids add 610.0 g dilution water).iv.Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 50.0-90.0 °C. 200.0-500.0 rpm for 30.0- 180.0 min.v.After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5-2.0 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).vi.Wash the separated solids with tap water 2-3x at mass water / solids ratio of 1.0-5.0 g-water / g-solids or until neutral pH is reached.vii. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains acid soluble chitin and chitosan, whereas the solid stream mainly contains microcellulose if any. viii.To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer or dry it at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h to obtain the final dry microcellulose product. Perform optional UV-disinfection of the final bioproductix.To separate the chitin and chitosan in the dilute acid solution (liquid phase), bring the pH to 8.0- 9.0 using a base solution at [Base] = 0.035-0.14 g-base / g-base-solution (examples of bases are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and any other types of bases including but not limited to71BIOCH-43594.601sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate among others).x.Let the mixture rest for 0.5-2.0 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled chitin and chitosan solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).xi.Wash the separated solids with tap water, ethanol, and acetone stepwise at mass wash-agent / solids ratio of 1.0-5.0 g-wash-agent / g-solids. Finally, dry the washed chitin and chitosan solids at 40.0- 50.0 °C for 48.0 h to obtain the final dry chitin and chitosan product.xii.To deacetylate the wet or dry extracted solids in order to further convert chitin to chitosan, perform the above-mentioned deacetylation step.xiii. Perform optional UV-disinfection of the final bioproduct.Exemplary protocol on bioresource recovery from seeds and beans to produce hydrocolloids (e.g., guar and locust beans among others):[000372] Perform the following steps to extract starch or glycogen from food waste or microbial biomass, respectively.[000373] Aqua treatment:a. Measure the total dry solids content (TS) of the feedstock by drying 10.0 g fresh feedstock (in duplicate) at 40.0-50.0 °C for 48.0 h.b. Grind 200.0 g fresh feedstock using a high shear homogenizer (HSH) (e.g., blender) at 19,800 rpm and room temperature for 4.0 min.i.All tests were performed with a 1.0 min cycle controlled by the B 10 Beast Blender: Blend for 20.0 sec, briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 25.0 sec. briefly stop (< 1.0 sec), blend for 15.0 sec. Stop after 1.0 minute.c. Either directly use the ground feedstock as the hydrocolloid source (e.g., guar gum or locust gum among others) into the biomaterial formulations through compounding or transfer the ground72BIOCH-43594.601feedstock to a 2-L PYREX bottle (Extraction Tank, ET) for further hydrocolloid extraction. Continue with the following steps if the latter is selected.d. Wash the grinder tank (GT) with 250.0 g tap water and transfer its content into the extraction tank.e. To the ground biomass add dilution water (e.g., tap water, deionized water, distilled water, distilled deionized water, brine, filtered or non-filtered seawater, filtered or non-filtered or treated or non-treated wastewater, or any other types of water, or any sort of their combinations or derivatives or waste among others) to obtain a homogenate having 3.5 g-dilution-water / g-fresh-solids mass ratio (e.g., add 700.0 g dilution water, including the wash water above, into the mixture of 200.0 g fresh biosolids).f. Place the homogenate bottle in an incubator shaker at 30.0 °C, 250.0 rpm for 3.0 h. g. After incubation, let the homogenate rest for 0.5 h, and then separate supernatant from the settled solids (or alternatively, centrifuge the solids down or filter the homogenate using nylon filter at 1.0 p - 1.0 mm pore size and separate solids from liquid).h. Weigh the separated liquid and solids. It should be noted that the liquid mainly contains water-soluble polysaccharides and carbohydrates known as hydrocolloids, whereas the solid stream mainly contains cellulose and some impurities.i. To measure TS of the solids, dry it as mentioned above. Store the rest of the wet solids in a -21.0 °C freezer for the following microcrystalline cellulose extraction and separation steps through lignocellulosic waste valorization process.j. Optionally subject the liquid extracts containing hydrocolloids from the aqua treatment step to hydrocolloids precipitation (through solvent treatment step), concentration, or drying. k. In any case, perform optional UV-disinf ection of the final bioproducts.[000374] The followings describe concentration ranges of reagents, the inverse solid loading ratios (i.e., dilute reagent / biosolids mass ratio), and extraction or treatment temperature ranges.[000375] Reagent types and mass fraction ranges are as follows:73BIOCH-43594.601a. Types of solvent are included but not limited to water, dimethyl sulfoxide, anisole, acetone, cyrene, any types of ketone, (natural) deep eutectic solvents, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl lactate, ionic liquids, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, any types of alcohol, ethyl lactate, p-cymene, d-limonene, a-pinene, any types of terpenes, y-valerolactone, any types of lactone, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene carbonate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, furfural, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, any types of furans, propyl guaiacol, propyl syringol, supercritical CO2, N,N,N'-tributylpentanamidine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, tertiary amines, diamines, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, fatty acids, any types of switchable hydrophilicity solvents, switchable water, or any natural green solvents among others.[000376] When solvent treatment is used, the solvent mass fraction over total solution %w / w [i.e., g-solvent / (100g-total-solution)] may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w. 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w. 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w. 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w. 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w. 50.0% w / w. 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w. 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w. 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w. 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, 80.0% w / w, 81.0% w / w, 82.0% w / w, 83.0% w / w, 84.0% w / w, 85.0% w / w, 86.0% w / w, 87.0% w / w, 88.0% w / w, 89.0% w / w, 90.0% w / w, 91.0% w / w, 92.0% w / w, 93.0% w / w, 94.0% w / w, 95.0% w / w, 96.0% w / w, 97.0% w / w, 98.0% w / w, 99.0% w / w, to about 100.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w. 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w. 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w. 3.0%74BIOCH-43594.601w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w. 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w. 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, to about 50.0% w / w, or preferably from about 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w. 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, to about 25.0% w / w.[000377] Types of base are ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, any monovalent, divalent, trivalent or multivalent metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxyapatite, magnesium hydroxyapatite, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, alkali metal carbonates, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, alkali metal bicarbonates, or any other types of bases among others;[000378] When alkaline treatment is used, the base mass fraction over total solution %w / w [i.e., g-base / (100g-total-solution)] may be present in arange from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w. 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w. 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w,75BIOCH-43594.60168.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, 80.0% w / w, 81.0% w / w, 82.0% w / w, 83.0% w / w, 84.0% w / w, 85.0% w / w, 86.0% w / w, 87.0% w / w. 88.0% w / w, 89.0% w / w, 90.0% w / w, 91.0% w / w, 92.0% w / w, 93.0% w / w, 94.0% w / w, 95.0% w / w, 96.0% w / w, 97.0% w / w, 98.0% w / w, 99.0% w / w, to about 100.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w. 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w. 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, to about 50.0% w / w, or preferably from about 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w. 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, to about 25.0% w / w.[000379] Types of decolorant are activated carbon, biochar, ozone, peracetic acid, sodium percarbonate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium hypochlorite, carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, any peroxides, or decoloring enzymes, any environmentally friendly decolorants among other;[000380] When decolo ration is used, the decolorant mass fraction over total solution %w / w [i.e., g-decolorant / (100g-total-solution)] may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w. 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w. 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w. 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w. 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w,76BIOCH-43594.60137.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w. 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, 80.0% w / w, 81.0% w / w, 82.0% w / w, 83.0% w / w, 84.0% w / w, 85.0% w / w, 86.0% w / w, 87.0% w / w, 88.0% w / w, 89.0% w / w, 90.0% w / w, 91.0% w / w, 92.0% w / w, 93.0% w / w, 94.0% w / w, 95.0% w / w, 96.0% w / w, 97.0% w / w, 98.0% w / w, 99.0% w / w, to about 100.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w. 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w. 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w. 31.0% w / w. 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, to about 50.0% w / w, or preferably from about 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, to about 25.0% w / w.[000381] Types of acid are boric acid, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, any inorganic acids and their derivatives, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, formic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, or any organic acids and their derivatives among others;[000382] When acidic treatment is used, the acid mass fraction over total solution %w / w [i.e. , g-acid / (100g-total-solution)] may be present in a range from about 0.001%w / w, 0.002% w / w, 0.003% w / w, 0.004% w / w, 0.005% w / w, 0.006% w / w, 0.007% w / w, 0.008% w / w, 0.009% w / w, 0.01% w / w, 0.02% w / w, 0.03% w / w, 0.04% w / w, 0.05% w / w, 0.06% w / w, 0.07% w / w, 0.08% w / w, 0.09% w / w, 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0%77BIOCH-43594.601w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w. 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w, 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, 50.0% w / w, 51.0% w / w, 52.0% w / w, 53.0% w / w, 54.0% w / w, 55.0% w / w, 56.0% w / w, 57.0% w / w, 58.0% w / w, 59.0% w / w, 60.0% w / w, 61.0% w / w, 62.0% w / w, 63.0% w / w, 64.0% w / w, 65.0% w / w, 66.0% w / w, 67.0% w / w, 68.0% w / w, 69.0% w / w, 70.0% w / w, 71.0% w / w, 72.0% w / w, 73.0% w / w, 74.0% w / w, 75.0% w / w, 76.0% w / w, 77.0% w / w, 78.0% w / w, 79.0% w / w, 80.0% w / w, 81.0% w / w, 82.0% w / w, 83.0% w / w, 84.0% w / w, 85.0% w / w, 86.0% w / w, 87.0% w / w. 88.0% w / w, 89.0% w / w, 90.0% w / w, 91.0% w / w, 92.0% w / w, 93.0% w / w, 94.0% w / w, 95.0% w / w, 96.0% w / w, 97.0% w / w, 98.0% w / w, 99.0% w / w, to about 100.0% w / w, from about 0.1% w / w, 0.2% w / w, 0.3% w / w, 0.4% w / w, 0.5% w / w, 0.6% w / w, 0.7% w / w, 0.8% w / w, 0.9% w / w, 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w, 11.0% w / w, 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, 25.0% w / w, 26.0% w / w, 27.0% w / w, 28.0% w / w, 29.0% w / w, 30.0% w / w, 31.0% w / w, 32.0% w / w, 33.0% w / w, 34.0% w / w, 35.0% w / w, 36.0% w / w, 37.0% w / w, 38.0% w / w, 39.0% w / w, 40.0% w / w. 41.0% w / w, 42.0% w / w, 43.0% w / w, 44.0% w / w, 45.0% w / w, 46.0% w / w, 47.0% w / w, 48.0% w / w, 49.0% w / w, to about 50.0% w / w, or preferably from about 1.0% w / w, 2.0% w / w, 3.0% w / w, 4.0% w / w, 5.0% w / w, 6.0% w / w, 7.0% w / w, 8.0% w / w, 9.0% w / w, 10.0% w / w. 11.0% w / w. 12.0% w / w, 13.0% w / w, 14.0% w / w, 15.0% w / w, 16.0% w / w, 17.0% w / w, 18.0% w / w, 19.0% w / w, 20.0% w / w, 21.0% w / w, 22.0% w / w, 23.0% w / w, 24.0% w / w, to about 25.0% w / w.[000383] The inverse solid loading ratios (i.e., g-dilute reagent / g-biosolids mass ratio) are as follows:[000384] When solvent treatment is used, the dilute solvent / biosolids mass ratio [i.e., g-dilute-solvent / g-biosolids] may be present in a range from about 0.00 Ig / g, 0.002 g / g, 0.003 g / g, 0.004 g / g, 0.005 g / g, 0.006 g / g, 0.007 g / g, 0.008 g / g, 0.009 g / g, 0.01 g / g, 0.02 g / g, 0.03 g / g, 0.04 g / g, 0.05 g / g, 0.06 g / g, 0.07 g / g, 0.08% w / w, 0.09 g / g, 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g,78BIOCH-43594.6010.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0% w / w, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g. 23.0 g / g. 24.0 g / g. 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, 50.0 g / g, 51.0 g / g, 52.0 g / g, 53.0 g / g, 54.0 g / g, 55.0 g / g, 56.0 g / g, 57.0 g / g, 58.0 g / g, 59.0 g / g, 60.0 g / g, 61.0 g / g, 62.0 g / g, 63.0 g / g, 64.0 g / g, 65.0 g / g, 66.0 g / g, 67.0 g / g, 68.0 g / g, 69.0 g / g, 70.0 g / g, 71.0 g / g, 72.0 g / g, 73.0 g / g, 74.0 g / g, 75.0 g / g, 76.0 g / g, 77.0 g / g, 78.0 g / g, 79.0 g / g, 80.0 g / g, 81.0 g / g, 82.0 g / g, 83.0 g / g, 84.0 g / g, 85.0 g / g, 86.0 g / g, 87.0 g / g, 88.0 g / g, 89.0 g / g, 90.0 g / g, 91.0 g / g, 92.0 g / g, 93.0 g / g, 94.0 g / g, 95.0 g / g, 96.0 g / g, 97.0 g / g, 98.0 g / g, 99.0 g / g, to about 100.0 g / g, from about 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g. 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g. 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g. 25.0 g / g. 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g. 32.0 g / g. 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g. 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, to about 50.0 g / g, or preferably from about 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, to about 20.0 g / g.[000385] When aqua treatment is used, the water / biosolids mass ratio [i.e., g-water / g-biosolids] may be present in a range from about 0.001 g / g, 0.002 g / g, 0.003 g / g, 0.004 g / g, 0.005 g / g, 0.006 g / g, 0.007 g / g, 0.008 g / g, 0.009 g / g, 0.01 g / g, 0.02 g / g, 0.03 g / g, 0.04 g / g, 0.05 g / g, 0.06 g / g, 0.07 g / g, 0.08% w / w, 0.09 g / g, 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g. 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g. 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0% w / w, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g. 23.0 g / g. 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g. 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g. 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, 50.0 g / g, 51.0 g / g. 52.0 g / g, 53.0 g / g, 54.0 g / g, 55.0 g / g, 56.0 g / g, 57.0 g / g, 58.0 g / g, 59.0 g / g, 60.0 g / g, 61.0 g / g, 62.0 g / g, 63.0 g / g, 64.0 g / g, 65.0 g / g, 66.0 g / g, 67.0 g / g, 68.0 g / g, 69.0 g / g, 70.0 g / g, 71.0 g / g, 72.0 g / g, 73.0 g / g, 74.0 g / g, 75.0 g / g, 76.0 g / g, 77.0 g / g, 78.0 g / g, 79.0 g / g, 80.0 g / g, 81.0 g / g, 82.0 g / g, 83.0 g / g, 84.079BIOCH-43594.601g / g, 85.0 g / g, 86.0 g / g, 87.0 g / g, 88.0 g / g, 89.0 g / g, 90.0 g / g, 91.0 g / g, 92.0 g / g, 93.0 g / g, 94.0 g / g, 95.0 g / g, 96.0 g / g, 97.0 g / g, 98.0 g / g, 99.0 g / g, to about 100.0 g / g, from about 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g. to about 50.0 g / g, or preferably from about 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, to about 20.0 g / g.[000386] When alkaline treatment is used, the dilute base / biosolids mass ratio [i.e., g-dilute-base / g-biosolids] may be present in a range from about O.OOlg / g, 0.002 g / g, 0.003 g / g, 0.004 g / g, 0.005 g / g, 0.006 g / g, 0.007 g / g, 0.008 g / g, 0.009 g / g, 0.01 g / g, 0.02 g / g, 0.03 g / g, 0.04 g / g, 0.05 g / g, 0.06 g / g. 0.07 g / g, 0.08% w / w, 0.09 g / g, 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0% w / w, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g. 21.0 g / g. 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g. 28.0 g / g. 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, 50.0 g / g, 51.0 g / g, 52.0 g / g, 53.0 g / g, 54.0 g / g, 55.0 g / g, 56.0 g / g, 57.0 g / g, 58.0 g / g, 59.0 g / g, 60.0 g / g, 61.0 g / g, 62.0 g / g, 63.0 g / g, 64.0 g / g, 65.0 g / g, 66.0 g / g, 67.0 g / g, 68.0 g / g, 69.0 g / g, 70.0 g / g, 71.0 g / g, 72.0 g / g, 73.0 g / g, 74.0 g / g, 75.0 g / g, 76.0 g / g, 77.0 g / g. 78.0 g / g. 79.0 g / g, 80.0 g / g, 81.0 g / g, 82.0 g / g, 83.0 g / g, 84.0 g / g, 85.0 g / g, 86.0 g / g, 87.0 g / g, 88.0 g / g, 89.0 g / g, 90.0 g / g, 91.0 g / g, 92.0 g / g, 93.0 g / g, 94.0 g / g, 95.0 g / g, 96.0 g / g, 97.0 g / g, 98.0 g / g, 99.0 g / g, to about 100.0 g / g, from about 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g. 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g. 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g. to about 50.0 g / g, or preferably from about 1.0 g / g. 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g,80BIOCH-43594.6015.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, to about 20.0 g / g.[000387] When decoloration is used, the dilute decolorant / biosolids mass ratio [i.e., g-dilute-decolorant / g-biosolids] may be present in a range from about O.OOlg / g, 0.002 g / g, 0.003 g / g, 0.004 g / g, 0.005 g / g, 0.006 g / g, 0.007 g / g, 0.008 g / g, 0.009 g / g, 0.01 g / g, 0.02 g / g, 0.03 g / g, 0.04 g / g, 0.05 g / g, 0.06 g / g, 0.07 g / g, 0.08% w / w, 0.09 g / g, 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g. 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g. 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0% w / w, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, 50.0 g / g, 51.0 g / g, 52.0 g / g, 53.0 g / g, 54.0 g / g, 55.0 g / g, 56.0 g / g, 57.0 g / g, 58.0 g / g, 59.0 g / g, 60.0 g / g, 61.0 g / g, 62.0 g / g, 63.0 g / g, 64.0 g / g, 65.0 g / g, 66.0 g / g, 67.0 g / g, 68.0 g / g, 69.0 g / g, 70.0 g / g, 71.0 g / g, 72.0 g / g, 73.0 g / g. 74.0 g / g. 75.0 g / g, 76.0 g / g, 77.0 g / g, 78.0 g / g, 79.0 g / g, 80.0 g / g. 81.0 g / g. 82.0 g / g, 83.0 g / g, 84.0 g / g, 85.0 g / g, 86.0 g / g, 87.0 g / g, 88.0 g / g, 89.0 g / g, 90.0 g / g, 91.0 g / g, 92.0 g / g, 93.0 g / g, 94.0 g / g, 95.0 g / g, 96.0 g / g, 97.0 g / g, 98.0 g / g, 99.0 g / g, to about 100.0 g / g, from about 0.1 g / g. 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g. 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g. 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g. 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g. 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g, to about 50.0 g / g, or preferably from about 1.0 g / g. 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, to about 20.0 g / g.[000388] When acidic treatment is used, the dilute acid / biosolids mass ratio [i.e.. g-dilute-acid / g-biosolids] may be present in a range from about O.OOlg / g, 0.002 g / g, 0.003 g / g, 0.004 g / g, 0.005 g / g, 0.006 g / g, 0.007 g / g, 0.008 g / g, 0.009 g / g, 0.01 g / g, 0.02 g / g, 0.03 g / g, 0.04 g / g, 0.05 g / g, 0.06 g / g. 0.07 g / g, 0.08% w / w, 0.09 g / g, 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0% w / w, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g. 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.081BIOCH-43594.601g / g, 21.0 g / g, 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g. 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g, 48.0 g / g, 49.0 g / g. 50.0 g / g, 51.0 g / g, 52.0 g / g, 53.0 g / g, 54.0 g / g, 55.0 g / g, 56.0 g / g, 57.0 g / g, 58.0 g / g, 59.0 g / g, 60.0 g / g, 61.0 g / g, 62.0 g / g, 63.0 g / g, 64.0 g / g. 65.0 g / g, 66.0 g / g, 67.0 g / g, 68.0 g / g, 69.0 g / g, 70.0 g / g, 71.0 g / g. 72.0 g / g, 73.0 g / g, 74.0 g / g, 75.0 g / g, 76.0 g / g, 77.0 g / g, 78.0 g / g, 79.0 g / g, 80.0 g / g, 81.0 g / g, 82.0 g / g, 83.0 g / g, 84.0 g / g, 85.0 g / g, 86.0 g / g, 87.0 g / g, 88.0 g / g, 89.0 g / g, 90.0 g / g, 91.0 g / g, 92.0 g / g, 93.0 g / g, 94.0 g / g, 95.0 g / g, 96.0 g / g, 97.0 g / g, 98.0 g / g, 99.0 g / g, to about 100.0 g / g, from about 0.1 g / g, 0.2 g / g, 0.3 g / g, 0.4 g / g, 0.5 g / g, 0.6 g / g, 0.7 g / g, 0.8 g / g, 0.9 g / g, 1.0 g / g, 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g, 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g, 20.0 g / g. 21.0 g / g. 22.0 g / g, 23.0 g / g, 24.0 g / g, 25.0 g / g, 26.0 g / g, 27.0 g / g, 28.0 g / g, 29.0 g / g, 30.0 g / g, 31.0 g / g, 32.0 g / g, 33.0 g / g, 34.0 g / g, 35.0 g / g, 36.0 g / g, 37.0 g / g, 38.0 g / g, 39.0 g / g, 40.0 g / g, 41.0 g / g, 42.0 g / g, 43.0 g / g, 44.0 g / g, 45.0 g / g, 46.0 g / g, 47.0 g / g. 48.0 g / g. 49.0 g / g. to about 50.0 g / g. or preferably from about 1.0 g / g. 2.0 g / g, 3.0 g / g. 4.0 g / g, 5.0 g / g, 6.0 g / g, 7.0 g / g, 8.0 g / g, 9.0 g / g, 10.0 g / g, 11.0 g / g, 12.0 g / g, 13.0 g / g, 14.0 g / g, 15.0 g / g, 16.0 g / g, 17.0 g / g, 18.0 g / g, 19.0 g / g. to about 20.0 g / g.[000389] The temperature ranges of the treatment steps are as follows:[000390] In some aspects, the solvent treatment is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C, 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C, 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C. 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C. 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 152.0 °C, 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C, 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C, 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C. 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C. 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C, 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 212.0 °C, 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C, 218.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C, 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C, 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C,82BIOCH-43594.601244.0 °C, 246.0 °C, 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C. 44.0 °C. 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C. 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C. 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, or up to at least about 150.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C. 72.0 °C. 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, or up to at least about 100.0 °C.[000391] In some aspects, the aqua treatment is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C, 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C, 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C. 58.0 °C. 60.0 °C. 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 152.0 °C. 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C. 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C, 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C. 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 212.0 °C, 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C. 218.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C, 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C, 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C, 244.0 °C, 246.0 °C, 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C,83BIOCH-43594.60180.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C. 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C. 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, or up to at least about 150.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C. 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C. 98.0 °C, or up to at least about 100.0 °C.[000392] In some aspects, the alkaline treatment is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C, 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C. 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C. 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C. 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C. 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 152.0 °C, 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C, 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C, 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C, 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 212.0 °C, 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C, 218.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C. 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C. 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C, 244.0 °C, 246.0 °C, 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C. 42.0 °C. 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C. 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C. 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, or up to at least about 150.0 °C, or at84BIOCH-43594.601a temperature of at least about 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C. 72.0 °C. 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, or up to at least about 100.0 °C.[000393] In some aspects, the decoloration is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C, 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C, 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C. 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C. 152.0 °C, 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C. 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C, 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C, 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C. 212.0 °C. 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C, 218.0 °C. 220.0 °C. 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C, 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C, 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C, 244.0 °C, 246.0 °C. 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C. 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C. 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C. 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, or up to at least about 150.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.085BIOCH-43594.601°C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, or up to at least about 100.0 °C.[000394] In some aspects, the acidic treatment is performed at a temperature of at least about 2.0 °C, 4.0 °C, 6.0 °C, 8.0 °C, 10.0 °C, 12.0 °C, 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.0 °C, 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C. 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C. 58.0 °C. 60.0 °C. 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C, 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C, 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, 150.0 °C, 152.0 °C. 154.0 °C, 156.0 °C, 158.0 °C, 160.0 °C. 162.0 °C, 164.0 °C, 166.0 °C, 168.0 °C, 170.0 °C, 172.0 °C, 174.0 °C, 176.0 °C, 178.0 °C, 180.0 °C, 182.0 °C, 184.0 °C, 186.0 °C, 188.0 °C, 190.0 °C, 192.0 °C, 194.0 °C, 196.0 °C, 198.0 °C, 200.0 °C, 202.0 °C, 204.0 °C, 206.0 °C. 208.0 °C, 210.0 °C, 212.0 °C, 214.0 °C, 216.0 °C. 218.0 °C, 220.0 °C, 222.0 °C, 224.0 °C, 226.0 °C, 228.0 °C, 230.0 °C, 232.0 °C, 234.0 °C, 236.0 °C, 238.0 °C, 240.0 °C, 242.0 °C, 244.0 °C, 246.0 °C, 248.0 °C, or up to at least about 250.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 14.0 °C, 16.0 °C, 18.0 °C, 20.0 °C. 22.0 °C. 24.0 °C. 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C, 50.0 °C, 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C, 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, 100.0 °C, 102.0 °C, 104.0 °C, 106.0 °C, 108.0 °C, 110.0 °C, 112.0 °C, 114.0 °C, 116.0 °C, 118.0 °C, 120.0 °C, 122.0 °C, 124.0 °C. 126.0 °C, 128.0 °C, 130.0 °C, 132.0 °C. 134.0 °C, 136.0 °C, 138.0 °C, 140.0 °C, 142.0 °C, 144.0 °C, 146.0 °C, 148.0 °C, or up to at least about 150.0 °C, or at a temperature of at least about 24.0 °C, 26.0 °C, 28.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 32.0 °C, 34.0 °C, 36.0 °C, 38.0 °C, 40.0 °C, 42.0 °C, 44.0 °C, 46.0 °C, 48.0 °C. 50.0 °C. 52.0 °C, 54.0 °C, 56.0 °C, 58.0 °C, 60.0 °C, 62.0 °C, 64.0 °C, 66.0 °C, 68.0 °C, 70.0 °C, 72.0 °C, 74.0 °C, 76.0 °C, 78.0 °C, 80.0 °C, 82.0 °C, 84.0 °C, 86.0 °C, 88.0 °C, 90.0 °C, 92.0 °C, 94.0 °C. 96.0 °C, 98.0 °C, or up to at least about 100.0 °C.[000395] The solvent treatment time ranges are as follows:86BIOCH-43594.601[000396] In some aspects, the solvent treatment is performed for a period of up to about 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, 11 hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or up to about 24 hours.[000397] In some aspects, the solvent treatment is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 10 minutes, 4 hours 20 minutes, 4 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours 40 minutes, 4 hours 50 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 10 minutes, 5 hours 20 minutes, 5 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours 40 minutes, 5 hours 50 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 10 minutes, 6 hours 20 minutes, 6 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours 40 minutes, 6 hours 50 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 10 minutes, 7 hours 20 minutes, 7 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours 40 minutes, 7 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 8 hours.[000398] In some aspects, the solvent treatment is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes. 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 5 minutes, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 15 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 25 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 35 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 45 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 2 hours 55 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 5 minutes, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 25 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 35 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 45 minutes. 3 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours 55 minutes, or up to about 4 hours.[000399] The aqua treatment time ranges are as follows:87BIOCH-43594.601[000400] In some aspects, the aqua treatment is performed for a period of up to about 1 hour, I hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours. 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, II hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or up to about 24 hours.[000401] In some aspects, the aqua treatment is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 10 minutes, 4 hours 20 minutes, 4 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours 40 minutes, 4 hours 50 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 10 minutes, 5 hours 20 minutes, 5 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours 40 minutes, 5 hours 50 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 10 minutes, 6 hours 20 minutes, 6 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours 40 minutes, 6 hours 50 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 10 minutes, 7 hours 20 minutes, 7 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours 40 minutes, 7 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 8 hours.[000402] In some aspects, the aqua treatment is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes. 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 5 minutes, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 15 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 25 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 35 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 45 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 2 hours 55 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 5 minutes, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 25 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 35 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 45 minutes. 3 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours 55 minutes, or up to about 4 hours.[000403] The alkaline treatment time ranges are as follows:88BIOCH-43594.601[000404] In some aspects, the alkaline treatment is performed for a period of up to about 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, 11 hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or up to about 24 hours.[000405] In some aspects, the alkaline treatment is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 10 minutes, 4 hours 20 minutes, 4 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours 40 minutes, 4 hours 50 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 10 minutes, 5 hours 20 minutes, 5 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours 40 minutes, 5 hours 50 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 10 minutes, 6 hours 20 minutes, 6 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours 40 minutes, 6 hours 50 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 10 minutes, 7 hours 20 minutes, 7 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours 40 minutes, 7 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 8 hours.[000406] In some aspects, the alkaline treatment is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes. 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 5 minutes, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 15 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 25 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 35 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 45 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 2 hours 55 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 5 minutes, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 25 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 35 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 45 minutes. 3 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours 55 minutes, or up to about 4 hours.[000407] The decoloration time ranges are as follows:89BIOCH-43594.601[000408] In some aspects, the decoloration is performed for a period of up to about 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours. 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, 11 hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or up to about 24 hours.[000409] In some aspects, the decoloration is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes. 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 10 minutes, 4 hours 20 minutes, 4 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours 40 minutes, 4 hours 50 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 10 minutes, 5 hours 20 minutes, 5 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours 40 minutes, 5 hours 50 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 10 minutes, 6 hours 20 minutes, 6 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours 40 minutes, 6 hours 50 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 10 minutes, 7 hours 20 minutes, 7 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours 40 minutes, 7 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 8 hours.[000410] In some aspects, the decoloration is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes. 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 5 minutes, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 15 minutes. 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 25 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 35 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 45 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 2 hours 55 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 5 minutes, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 25 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes. 3 hours 35 minutes. 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 45 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours 55 minutes, or up to about 4 hours.[000411] The acidic treatment time ranges are as follows:90BIOCH-43594.601[000412] In some aspects, the acidic treatment is performed for a period of up to about 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 30 minutes, 8 hours, 8 hours 30 minutes, 9 hours, 9 hours 30 minutes, 10 hours, 10 hours 30 minutes, 11 hours, 11 hours 30 minutes, 12 hours, 12 hours 30 minutes, 13 hours, 13 hours 30 minutes, 14 hours, 14 hours 30 minutes, 15 hours, 15 hours 30 minutes, 16 hours, 16 hours 30 minutes, 17 hours, 17 hours 30 minutes, 18 hours, 18 hours 30 minutes, 19 hours, 19 hours 30 minutes, 20 hours, 20 hours 30 minutes, 21 hours, 21 hours 30 minutes, 22 hours, 22 hours 30 minutes, 23 hours, 23 hours 30 minutes, or up to about 24 hours.[000413] In some aspects, the acidic treatment is performed for a period of up to about 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 50 minutes, 4 hours, 4 hours 10 minutes, 4 hours 20 minutes, 4 hours 30 minutes, 4 hours 40 minutes, 4 hours 50 minutes, 5 hours, 5 hours 10 minutes, 5 hours 20 minutes, 5 hours 30 minutes, 5 hours 40 minutes, 5 hours 50 minutes, 6 hours, 6 hours 10 minutes, 6 hours 20 minutes, 6 hours 30 minutes, 6 hours 40 minutes, 6 hours 50 minutes, 7 hours, 7 hours 10 minutes, 7 hours 20 minutes, 7 hours 30 minutes, 7 hours 40 minutes, 7 hours 50 minutes, or up to about 8 hours.[000414] In some aspects, the acidic treatment is performed for a period of up to about 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 1 hour 5 minutes. 1 hour 10 minutes, 1 hour 15 minutes, 1 hour 20 minutes, 1 hour 25 minutes, 1 hour 30 minutes, 1 hour 35 minutes, 1 hour 40 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, 1 hour 50 minutes, 1 hour 55 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 5 minutes, 2 hours 10 minutes, 2 hours 15 minutes, 2 hours 20 minutes, 2 hours 25 minutes, 2 hours 30 minutes, 2 hours 35 minutes, 2 hours 40 minutes, 2 hours 45 minutes, 2 hours 50 minutes, 2 hours 55 minutes, 3 hours, 3 hours 5 minutes, 3 hours 10 minutes, 3 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 20 minutes, 3 hours 25 minutes, 3 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours 35 minutes, 3 hours 40 minutes, 3 hours 45 minutes. 3 hours 50 minutes, 3 hours 55 minutes, or up to about 4 hours.91BIOCH-43594.601[000415] The present disclosure has multiple aspects, illustrated by the non-limiting examples as described herein.EXAMPLES[000416] The present disclosure has multiple aspects, illustrated by the non-limiting examples as described herein.Example 1: Exemplary process for producing fully biodegradable and compostable flexible and rigid packaging biomaterials[000417] Example 1 and FIG. 1 provide an overview of the end-to-end process flow diagram of production processes of fully biodegradable and compostable flexible and rigid packaging biomaterials, along with their starting biopellets and ingredients. As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary upstream waste valorization and bioresource recovery process as shown in FIG. 4 is used to recover valuable bioresources that can be used in subsequent processes for producing biomaterials in combination with other liquid and solid ingredients. The ingredients are combined using mixing, compounding and / or extrusion to produce resins (optionally formed as biopellets) that can be cast and / or blown via extrusion in downstream processes to produce film and tube products and / or via injection / compression molding to produce rigid bioproducts. The biotube products can be printed, sealed, and / or cut to produce biobags.Example 2: Exemplary end-to-end PHA and glycogen bioproduction and extraction process [000418] Example 2 provides an overview of an exemplary end-to-end PHA and glycogen bioproduction and extraction process, which consists of the unit operations shown in the schematic process flow diagram of FIG. 2 and described in further detail below.[000419] As shown in FIG. 2, PHA- and / or glycogen-producing microorganisms in a sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) are fed with municipal or industrial wastewater or optionally with leachate from organic solid waste valorization and bioresource recovery (WV & BRR) processes to maintain steady-state feast-famine growth cycles. pH neutralizers (i.e., acid or base) can optionally be added to the leachate.[000420] PHA and / or glycogen bioproduction under nutrient-limited conditions (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, or oxygen) can be triggered and maximized in a batch bioreactor while92BIOCH-43594.601feeding the PHA- and / or glycogen-producing microorganisms with high C / N ratio wastewater derived from organic solid waste leachate either unprocessed or optionally after being processed through the WV & BRR process.[000421] Microbial biomass is separated from water via settling and clarification and clarified water is used as solvent in the downstream compounding process. Microbial biomass is dewatered and thickened in a thickener, such as a screw press, volute, or filter press among others. Clarified water produced during this step is also used as solvent in the downstream compounding process. Microbial biomass is then homogenized to break cell walls open and release intracellular metabolites including PHA and / or glycogen.[000422] The homogenate is passed to a solvent treatment step for solvent-assisted extraction and separation of PHA and / or glycogen from the homogenate using green solvents; the PHA solvents are including but not limited to anisole, acetone, (natural) deep eutectic solvents, dimethyl carbonate, ethanol, ethyl lactate, ionic liquids, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene carbonate, or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran among others; the glycogen solvents are including but not limited to water, dimethyl sulfoxide, or any suitable glycogensolubilizing solvents among others. Separated biosolids are sent to compounding and extrusion to be used as filler in the biomaterial formulations.[000423] Glycogen solution is optionally treated in the liquid hydrocolloid processing unit to be concentrated or precipitated from solvent and subsequently dried.[000424] PHA is separated from solvent using anti-solvent including, but not limited to, hexane, pentane, water, any alkanes, any organic solvents, or any polar or non-polar solvents among others in a liquid-liquid separation unit. PHA is filtered from the anti-solvent, optionally dried, and separated PHA is pelletized for use in compounding and extrusion lines.[000425] PHA pellets are optionally sterilized and disinfected with any sterilization and disinfection techniques available to the skilled artisan.[000426] Solvents and anti-solvents in the solvent treatment and solvent separation steps can be recovered by pervaporation membrane technology or conventional distillation technology among others.Example 3: Exemplary end-to-end exopolymeric or exopolysaccharide and extraction process93BIOCH-43594.601[000427] Example 3 provides an overview of an exemplary end-to-end exopolymeric, exopolysaccharide and extraction process. The process can also be used for bioproduction and extraction of fungal chitin or chitosan, and consists of the unit operations shown in the schematic process flow diagram of FIG. 3 and described in further detail below.[000428] EPS-producing microorganisms (or microorganisms producing chitin or chitosan) are fed in a sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) with municipal or industrial wastewater or optionally with leachate from the WV & BRR process to maintain steady-state feast-famine growth cycles. pH neutralizers (i.e., acid or base) can optionally be added to the leachate.[000429] EPS and fungal chitin or chitosan bioproduction can be triggered and maximized in their respective batch bioreactors (BRs) as follows. For EPS bioproduction, maintaining nutrient- limited conditions (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, or oxygen) in the batch bioreactor while feeding the EPS-producing microorganisms with high C / N ratio wastewater derived from organic solid waste leachate either unprocessed or optionally after being processed through the WV & BRR process. For fungal chitin or chitosan bioproduction, reagents such as acetic acid or any other organic acids are added into the batch bioreactor.[000430] Microbial biomass is subjected to settling and clarification through which it is separated from EPS suspension at elevated temperatures, or fungal biomass is separated from clarified water. Microbial biomass is dewatered and thickened in a thickener, such as a screw press, volute, or filter press among others. Thickened biomass is sent either to compounding and extrusion to be used as filler in the biomaterial formulations or to the WV & BRR process for fungal chitin or chitosan extraction and separation.[000431] The bioproduced EPS suspension, along with the liquid hydrocolloids produced through the WV & BRR process and glycogen from PHA & glycogen bioproduction process undergo hydrocolloids processing including (a) hydrocolloid precipitation by solvent treatment step using an alcohol (e.g., ethanol or isopropyl alcohol among others); (b) hydrocolloid concentration by forward osmosis membrane technology or conventional evaporation technology among others; and / or (c) hydrocolloid deacetylation of the precipitated or concentrated hydrocolloids by the alkaline treatment and separation step.[000432] The processed hydrocolloids are optionally subjected to drying and the processed hydrocolloids are sent to compounding and extrusion.94BIOCH-43594.601[000433] The processed hydrocolloids are optionally subjected to sterilization and disinfection with any sterilization and disinfection techniques available to the skilled artisan. Example 4: Exemplary waste valorization and bioresource recovery process[000434] Example 4 provides an overview of an exemplary waste valorization and bioresource recovery process based on green chemistry and mild operational conditions, as depicted in the schematic process flow diagram of FIG. 4. It should be noted that the presence or absence of unit operations, and the order by which a set of selected unit operations operate in synergy depend on the nature of a selected bioresource and / or solid waste feedstock(s) and desired value-added compounds produced from the selected feedstock(s), which will be described in the next sections. As shown in FIG. 4, the exemplary process consists of the following modular unit operations. Feedstock, such as bioresource or solid waste can optionally be washed and pretreated prior to size reduction (i.e., crushing, shredding, coarse and / or fine grinding [e.g., vibrating balls grinder], milling, and / or homogenization), optional solvent treatment, optional separation, aqua treatment, separation, and alkaline treatment.[000435] Optional solvent treatment can be performed on the size-reduced feedstock via solvent-assisted extraction and separation to extract and separate bioactives, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, and lipids among others, and to precipitate polysaccharides and hydrocolloids in liquid extracts.[000436] The aqua treatment consists of water-assisted extraction and separation to extract and separate water-soluble organic compounds such as proteins, polysaccharides, starches, and carbohydrates among others.[000437] The alkaline treatment consists of base-assisted extraction and separation to extract and separate organic compounds such as proteins, lignins, hemicelluloses, and starches among others, and to perform polysaccharides deacetylation.[000438] Following alkaline treatment, decoloration and separation is performed to extract and separate lignin, as well as dyes and pigments, among others.[000439] Acid treatment consisting of acid-assisted extraction and separation is performed to extract and separate minerals, and pectins, among others, and to hydrolyze organic compounds and biopolymers such as polysaccharides, polypeptides, cellulose, and proteins, among others to smaller units.95BIOCH-43594.601[000440] Hydrocolloids processing of the produced leachates containing hydrocolloids is performed as described above. Optionally, the produced leachates from aqua, alkaline and / or acidic treatment, and decoloration can be used as inlet feedstock to the fermentation step of either PHA or EPS bioproduction processes. The produced solid hydrocolloids (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose or chitosan among others) can be subjected to an optional drying and sterilization step and sent to compounding and extrusion. Used solvents in the solvent treatment step can be recovered by the pervaporation membrane technology or conventional distillation technology among others.[000441] Byproducts, such as bioactives, pigments, proteins, and / or minerals, can optionally be purified and sterilized.[000442]Example 5: Exemplary formulation and process for rigid microcarrier[000443] To impregnate or load microorganisms of choice to microcarriers, add the preincubated microorganisms of choice at their exponential growth phase into the resin mixture below (i.e., add mixed liquor suspended solids of selected microorganisms in tap water, along with the other components of the resin).[000444] To make 230.1 g microcarrier resin (or any other quantities), mix the following groups of compounds (one by one or altogether) at 300.0 rpm (or < 300.0 rpm, or 300.0 rpm-3,000.0 rpm, or > 3,000.0 rpm) and at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C), for 10.0 min (or < 10.0 min, or 10.0 min-60.0 min, or > 60.0 min), or up until it is completely dissolved.[000445] 1. Hydrocolloids[000446] Sodium alginate = 1.75% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.75% w / w, or 1.75 %- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix sodium alginate in solvent at 350.0-1300.0 rpm or lower or higher agitation speed for 45.0 min or shorter or longer agitation time at room temperature or lower or higher temperature, or up until it is completely dissolved.[000447] 2. Solvents[000448] Tap water = 54.59% w / w = 125.6 g; (or < 54.59% w / w, or 54.59-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and96BIOCH-43594.601[000449] Mixed liquor suspended solids of selected microorganisms at exponential growth phase = 43.67% w / w = 100.44 g; (or < 43.67% w / w, or 43.67-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000450] 3. Antifoam[000451] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.03% w / w = 0.1 g (or < 0.03% w / w, or 0.03-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000452] 4. Curing agents[000453] Calcium chloride = 8.0% w / w (or < 8.0% w / w, or 8.0%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Make 1:1 mass ratio [mass_CuringAgent_solution:mass_resin (i.e., to make 230.1 g of the curing agent solution with 8.0% w / w calcium chloride, add 18.4 g calcium chloride granules into 211.6 g tap water). The mass ratio [mass_CuringAgent_solution:mass_resin] can be < 1:1, 1:1-20:1, or > 20:1, or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges, or> 1:1, 1:1-1:20, or< 1:20, or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges.[000454] To make rigid microcarriers, microbeads, or bio-pellets, mix the above-mentioned groups 1 to 2 using a compounder / extrusion line or transfer the pre-mixed resin through a pump (or peristaltic pump, or diaphragm pump, or gear pump, or any other positive displacement pumps, any low shear rate pumps, or any other type of pumps), and further through a die (or a needle or an orifice with a diameter including but not limited to 0.5 mm, or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm). The produced filaments pass through a bath containing the above-mentioned curing agent solution at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C). If necessary, the cured filaments are further pelletized to proper size including but not limited to 0.5 mm or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm to make final rigid bio-pellets, or microcarriers, or microbeads.[000455] If a pump and needle are used to transfer the resin, drop-cast the drops of resin into the above-mentioned curing agent solution to make spheres and let them cure for < 1.0 day, or 1.0 day- 1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully cured and hardened at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C).[000456] After curing the bio-pellets, microcarriers, or microbeads in the curing agent solution, drain the curing agent solution and let the bioproducts further dry at room temperature97BIOCH-43594.601(RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C) for < 1.0 day, or 1.0- 1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully dried.[000457] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary rigid microcarrier product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 6: Exemplary formulation and process for flexible translucent thin film and rigid microbead / microcarrier[000458] To impregnate or load microorganisms of choice to microcarriers, add the preincubated microorganisms of choice at their exponential growth phase into the resin mixture, groups 1-4 below (i.e., add mixed liquor suspended solids of selected microorganisms in tap water, along with the other components of the resin).[000459] To make 433.1 g resin (or any other quantities), mix the following groups of compounds (one by one or altogether) at 600.0 rpm (or < 600.0 rpm, or 600.0 rpm-3, 000.0 rpm, or > 3.000.0 rpm) and at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C), for 10.0 min (or < 10.0 min, or 10.0 min-60.0 min, or > 60.0 min), or up until it is completely dissolved.[000460] Alternatively, the following mixture can undergo compounding, extrusion, and pelletization, followed by cast film or blown film extrusion to make flexible films (or injection or compression modeling to make rigid articles).[000461] 1. Hydrocolloids[000462] Sodium alginate = 0.93% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 0.93% w / w, or 0.93%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix sodium alginate with 200.0 g tap water at 350.0-1300.0 rpm or lower or higher agitation speed for 45.0 min or shorter or longer agitation time at room temperature or lower or higher temperature, or up until it is completely dissolved.[000463] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.16% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.16% w / w, or 1.16%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 100.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 4.77% w / w solution (or < 4.77% w / w, or 4.77%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 60.0 sec or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized;[000464] 2. Plasticizers98BIOCH-43594.601[000465] Glycerol = 1.85% w / w = 8.0 g (or < 1.85% w / w, or 1.85%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000466] 3. Curing agents[000467] Citric acid = 3.7% w / w = 16.0 g (or < 3.7% w / w, or 3.7%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 100.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 13.8% w / w solution (or < 13.8% w / w, or 13.8%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); add it to the base raisin.[000468] Calcium chloride = 8.0% w / w (or < 8.0% w / w, or 8.0%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Make 1:1 mass ratio [mass_CuringAgent_solution:mass_resin (i.e., to make 433.1 g of the curing agent solution with 8.0% w / w calcium chloride, add 34.65 g calcium chloride granules into 398.45 g tap water). Use this calcium chloride solution as a standalone curing solution to cure rigid bio-pellets. The mass ratio [mass_CuringAgent_solution:mass_resin] can be < 1:1, 1:1-20:1, or > 20:1, or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges, or > 1:1. 1:1-1:20, or < 1:20. or any range in between, or lower ranges, or higher ranges.[000469] 4. Antifoam[000470] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.03% w / w = 0.1 g (or < 0.03% w / w, or 0.03-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000471] 5. Solvents[000472] Tap water (or mixed liquor suspended solids of microorganisms of choice at exponential growth phase if you aim to make microcarriers) = 92.36% w / w = 400.0 g (including water used in curing agents and hydrocolloids) (or < 92.36% w / w, or 92.36-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000473] To make flexible thin film, drop cast the above-mentioned resin mixture (groups 1 to 4) on a non-stick tray and let it cure at room temperature (RT, or less than RT, or between RT and 50.0 °C, or higher than 50.0 °C), for shorter than 1.0 day, or any time from 1.0 day to 1.0 month, or longer than 1.0 month, or up until it is fully dried and cured).[000474] Alternatively, to make flexible thin film, compound and mix the above-mentioned groups 1 to 4 using a cast film extrusion line (e.g., twin-screw or single-screw extruder, or any other type of extruders) and a proper die known to the industry at room temperature (RT, or less than RT, or between RT and 80.0 °C, or higher than 80.0 °C).99BIOCH-43594.601[000475] To make rigid microcarriers, microbeads, or bio-pellets, mix the above-mentioned groups 1 to 4 using a compounder / extrusion line or transfer the pre-mixed resin through a pump (or peristaltic pump, or diaphragm pump, or gear pump, or any other positive displacement pumps, any low shear rate pumps, or any other type of pumps), and further through a die (or a needle or an orifice with a diameter including but not limited to 0.5 mm, or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm). The produced filaments pass through a bath containing a curing agent solution at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C). If necessary, the cured filaments are further pelletized to proper size including but not limited to 0.5 mm or < 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm-5.0 mm, or > 5.0 mm to make final rigid bio-pellets, or microcarriers, or microbeads.[000476] If a pump and needle are used to transfer the resin, drop-cast the drops of resin into a curing agent solution to make spheres and let them cure for < 1.0 day, or 1.0 day- 1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully cured and hardened at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C).[000477] After curing the bio-pellets, micro-carriers, or micro-beads in the curing agent solution, drain the curing agent solution and let the bioproducts further dry at room temperature (RT, or < RT, or RT-50.0 °C, or > 50.0 °C) for < 1.0 day, or 1.0-1.0 month, or > 1.0 month, or up until it is fully dried.[000478] FIG. 6a shows an exemplary rigid microbead / microcarrier product produced using the protocol described in this example.[000479] FIG. 6b shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 7: Exemplary formulation and processes for thin film and bio-bag[000480] To make 385.1 g resin mix the following compounds:[000481] 1. Hydrocolloids[000482] Guar gum = 0.52% w / w = 2.0 g (or < 0.52% w / w, or 0.52-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000483] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.52% w / w = 2.0 g (or < 0.52% w / w, or 0.52-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000484] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.3% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.3% w / w, or 1.3%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder,100BIOCH-43594.601or any type of starch, or glycogen with 100.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 4.77% w / w solution (or < 4.77% w / w, or 4.77%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 60.0 sec or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized;[000485] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000486] Chitosan = 1.04% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.0% w / w, or 1.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000487] 3. Plasticizers[000488] Glycerol = 2.08% w / w = 8.0 g (or < 2.08% w / w, or 2.08%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000489] 4. Curing agents[000490] Citric acid = 3.64% w / w = 14.0 g (or < 3.64% w / w, or 3.64%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 50.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 21.88% w / w solution (or < 21.88% w / w, or 21.88%- 100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units).[000491] 5. Solvents[000492] Tap water = 90.89% w / w = 350.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 90.89% w / w, or 90.89-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000493] 6. Antifoam[000494] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.03% w / w = 0.1 g (or < 0.03% w / w, or 0.03-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000495] FIG. 7 shows an exemplary bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 8: Exemplary formulation and process for flexible thin film[000496] To make 519.25 g resin mix the following compounds:[000497] 1. Hydrocolloids[000498] Carrageenan = 1.93% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.93% w / w, or 1.93-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000499] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 2.32% w / w = 12.0 g (or < 2.32% w / w, or 2.32%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix arrowroot powder,101BIOCH-43594.601or any type of starch, or glycogen with 80.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 13.05% w / w solution (or < 13.05% w / w, or 13.05%-100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 180.0 sec or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized,.[000500] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000501] Gelatin = 0.39% w / w = 2.0 g (or < 0.39% w / w, or 0.39-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000502] 3. Plasticizers[000503] Glycerol = 2.89% w / w = 15.0 g (or < 2.89% w / w, or 2.89%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000504] 4. Solvents[000505] Tap water = 92.45% w / w = 480.0 g (including water used in hydrocolloids); (or < 92.45% w / w, or 92.45-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000506] 5. Antifoam[000507] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.049% w / w = 0.25 g (or < 0.049% w / w, or 0.049-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).Example 9: Exemplary formulation and process for rigid thin film[000508] To make 298.0 g resin mix the following compounds.[000509] 1. Hydrocolloids[000510] Guar gum = 0.84% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.84% w / w, or 0.84-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000511] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.17% w / w = 0.5 g (or < 0.17% w / w, or 0.17%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000512] Carrageenan = 0.34% w / w = 1.0 g (or < 0.34% w / w, or 0.34-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000513] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.68% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.68% w / w, or 1.68%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 75.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 6.25% w / w solution (or < 6.25% w / w, or 6.25%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration102BIOCH-43594.601units), preheat it in a microwave for 2x25.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized.[000514] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000515] Chitosan = 1.35% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.35% w / w, or 1.35-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000516] Arginine = 3.36% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 3.36% w / w, or 3.36-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000517] 3. Plasticizers[000518] Glycerol = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000519] 4. Curing agents[000520] Citric acid = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 0.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 0.0% w / w solution (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units)[000521] 5. Solvents[000522] Tap water = 92.29% w / w = 275.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 92.29% w / w, or 92.29-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000523] 6. Antifoam[000524] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 40.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000525] FIG. 8 shows an exemplary rigid thin film product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 10: Exemplary formulation and process for flexible thin film[000526] To make 308.0 g resin mix the following compounds at 50 °C this time.[000527] 1. Hydrocolloids[000528] Methyl cellulose = 1.14% w / w = 3.5 g (or < 1.14% w / w, or 1.14-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);103BIOCH-43594.601[000529] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.163% w / w = 0.5 g (or < 0.163% w / w, or 0.163%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000530] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.63% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.63% w / w, or 1.63%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 50.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 9.1% w / w solution (or < 9.1% w / w, or 9.1 %- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 2x15.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized.[000531] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000532] Chitosan = 1.3% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.3% w / w, or 1.3-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000533] 3. Plasticizers[000534] Glycerol = 3.25% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 3.25% w / w, or 3.25%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units)[000535] 4. Curing agents[000536] Citric acid = 3.25% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 3.25% w / w, or 3.25%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 25.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 28.58% w / w solution (or < 28.58% w / w, or 28.58%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000537] 5. Solvents[000538] Tap water = 89.29% w / w = 275.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 89.29% w / w, or 89.29-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units).[000539] 6. Antifoam[000540] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.6 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 40.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000541] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 11: Exemplary formulation and process for flexible thin film104BIOCH-43594.601[000542] To make 338.0 g resin mix the following compounds at 50 °C.[000543] 1. Hydrocolloids[000544] Guar gum = 0.74% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.74% w / w, or 0.74-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units);[000545] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.15% w / w = 0.5 g (or < 0.15% w / w, or 0.15%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000546] Carrageenan = 0.3% w / w = 1.0 g (or < 0.3% w / w, or 0.3-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000547] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.48% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.48% w / w, or 1.48%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 75.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 6.25% w / w solution (or < 6.25% w / w, or 6.25%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 2x25.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized.[000548] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000549] Chitosan = 1.19% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.19% w / w, or 1.19-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000550] 3. Plasticizers[000551] Glycerol = 2.96% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 2.96% w / w, or 2.96%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000552] 4. Curing agents[000553] Citric acid = 2.96% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 2.96% w / w. or 2.96%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 25.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 28.58% w / w solution (or < 28.58% w / w, or 28.58%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000554] 5. Water-resistant agents[000555] Jojoba oil = 1.48% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.48% w / w. or 1.48%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000556] 6. Solvents[000557] Tap water = 88.76% w / w = 300.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 88.76% w / w, or 88.76-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).105BIOCH-43594.601[000558] 7. Antifoam[000559] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000560] FIG. 10 shows an exemplary flexible thin film product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 12: Exemplary formulation and process for flexible thin film and heat-sealed biobag[000561] To make 338.0 g resin mix the following compounds at 50 °C.[000562] 1. Hydrocolloids[000563] Guar gum = 0.74% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.74% w / w, or 0.74-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000564] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.15% w / w = 0.5 g (or < 0.15% w / w, or 0.15%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000565] Carrageenan = 0.222% w / w = 0.75 g (or < 0.222% w / w, or 0.222-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000566] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.48% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.48% w / w, or 1.48%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 75.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 6.25% w / w solution (or < 6.25% w / w, or 6.25%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 2x25.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized.[000567] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000568] Chitosan = 1.19% w / w = 4.0 g (or < 1.19% w / w, or 1.19-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000569] 3. Plasticizers[000570] Glycerol = 2.96% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 2.96% w / w, or 2.96%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and106BIOCH-43594.601[000571] Polyvinyl alcohol = 0.074% w / w = 0.25 g (or < 0.074% w / w, or 0.074%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000572] 4. Curing agents[000573] Citric acid = 2.96% w / w = 10.0 (or < 2.96% w / w, or 2.96%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 25.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 28.58% w / w solution (or < 28.58% w / w, or 28.58%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000574] 5. Water-resistant agents[000575] Jojoba oil = 1.48% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 1.48% w / w, or 1.48%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000576] 6. Solvents[000577] Tap water = 88.76% w / w = 300.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 88.76% w / w, or 88.76-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000578] 7. Antifoam[000579] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000580] FIG. 11 shows an exemplary heat-sealed bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 13: Exemplary formulation and process for bio-bag[000581] To make 942.1 g resin mix the following compounds at 700.0-1800.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component. Note that only guar gum was mixed for 100.0 min:[000582] 1. Hydrocolloidsa. Guar gum = 0.797% w / w = 7.5 g (or < 0.797% w / w, or 0.797-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);b. Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.107% w / w = 1.0 g (or < 0.107% w / w, or 0.107%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);107BIOCH-43594.601c. Carrageenan = 0.239% w / w = 2.25 g (or < 0.239% w / w, or 0.239-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); andd. Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.195% w / w = 11.25 g (or < 1.195% w / w, or 1.195%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 202.5 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 5.264% w / w solution (or < 5.264% w / w, or 5.264%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 4x30.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized;e. 2. Nitrogenous agentsf. Chitosan = 0.797% w / w = 7.5 g (or < 0.797% w / w, or 0.797-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).g. 3. Plasticizersh. Glycerol = 2.39% w / w = 22.5 g (or < 2.39% w / w, or 2.39%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).i. 4. Curing agentsj. Citric acid = 2.39% w / w = 22.5 g (or < 2.39% w / w, or 2.39%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 52.5 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 30.0% w / w solution (or < 30.0% w / w, or 30.0%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). k. 5. Water-resistant agentsl. Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.1434% w / w = 1.35 g (or < 0.1434% w / w, or 0.1434%- 100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units).m. Jojoba oil = 1.195% w / w = 11.25 g (or < 1.195% w / w, or 1.195%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).n. 6. Solventso. Tap water = 90.76% w / w = 855.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids); (or < 90.76% w / w, or 90.76-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). p. 7. Antifoamq. If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a108BIOCH-43594.601vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 2.0 h or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000583] FIG. 12 shows an exemplary bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 14: Exemplary formulations and processes for gusseted bio-bag[000584] To make 1,885.8 g resin mix the following compounds at 1000.0-2000.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component. Note that only guar gum was mixed for 3.5 h.[000585] 1. Hydrocolloids[000586] Guar gum = 0.8% w / w = 15.0 g (or < 0.8% w / w. or 0.8-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000587] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.112% w / w = 2.1 g (or < 0.112% w / w, or 0.112%-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units);[000588] Carrageenan = 0.24% w / w = 4.5 g (or < 0.24% w / w, or 0.24-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000589] Arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen = 1.194% w / w = 22.5 g (or < 1.194% w / w, or 1.194%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Mix only arrowroot powder, or any type of starch, or glycogen with 405.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 5.264% w / w solution (or < 5.264% w / w, or 5.264%- 100.0% w / w or any other concentration units), preheat it in a microwave for 8x30.0 sec with mixing in between, or as long as homogenized or mix it at 80.0-85.0 °C for 15.0 min or shorter or longer time, or as long as homogenized.[000590] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000591] Chitosan = 0.8% w / w = 15.0 g (or < 0.8% w / w, or 0.8-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000592] 3. Plasticizers[000593] Glycerol = 2.39% w / w = 45.0 g (or < 2.39% w / w, or 2.39%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000594] 4. Curing agents109BIOCH-43594.601[000595] Citric acid = 2.39% w / w = 45.0 g (or < 2.39% w / w, or 2.39%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 105.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 30.0% w / w solution (or < 30.0% w / w, or 30.0%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000596] 5. Water-resistant agents[000597] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.112% w / w = 2.1 g (or < 0.112% w / w, or 0.112%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000598] Jojoba oil = 1.194% w / w = 22.5 g (or < 1.194% w / w, or 1.194%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000599] 6. UV-resistant agents[000600] Titanium dioxide or zinc oxide or their nanoparticles = 0.112% w / w = 2.1 g (or < 0.112% w / w, or 0.112%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000601] 7. Solvents[000602] Tap water = 90.68% w / w = 1.710.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids); (or < 90.68% w / w, or 90.68-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000603] 8. Antifoam[000604] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 1.0 h or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000605] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary gusseted bio-bag product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 15: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000606] To make 619.325 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000607] 1. Hydrocolloids[000608] High acyl gellan gum = 0.808% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.808% w / w, or 0.808-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000609] 2. Nitrogenous agents110BIOCH-43594.601[000610] Chitosan = 0.808% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.808% w / w, or 0.808-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000611] 3. Plasticizers[000612] Glycerol = 1.616% w / w = 10.0 g (or< 1.616% w / w, or 1.616%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000613] 4. Water-resistant agents[000614] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.194% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.194% w / w, or 0.194%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000615] Jojoba oil = 0.808% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.808% w / w, or 0.808%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000616] 5. Solvents[000617] Tap water = 95.77% w / w = 593.125 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 95.77% w / w, or 95.77-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000618] 6. Antifoam[000619] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000620] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 16: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000621] To make 621.075 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000622] 1. Hydrocolloids[000623] High acyl gellan gum = 0.806% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.806% w / w, or 0.806-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000624] Hemp fiber as filler = 0.282% w / w = 1.75 g (or < 0.282% w / w, or 0.282-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000625] 2. Nitrogenous agentsIllBIOCH-43594.601[000626] Chitosan = 0.806% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.806% w / w, or 0.806-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000627] 3. Plasticizers[000628] Glycerol = 1.612% w / w = 10.0 g (or< 1.612% w / w, or 1.612%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000629] 4. Water-resistant agents[000630] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.194% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.194% w / w, or 0.194%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000631] Jojoba oil = 0.806% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.806% w / w, or 0.806%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000632] 5. Solvents[000633] Tap water = 95.5% w / w = 593.125 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 95.5% w / w, or 95.5-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units)[000634] 6. Antifoam[000635] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000636] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 17: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000637] To make 623.575 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000638] 1. Hydrocolloids[000639] High acyl gellan gum = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000640] Pectin = 0.401% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.401% w / w, or 0.401-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000641] Hemp fiber as filler = 0.281% w / w = 1.75 g (or < 0.281% w / w, or 0.281-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).112BIOCH-43594.601[000642] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000643] Chitosan = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000644] 3. Plasticizers[000645] Glycerol = 1.604% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.604% w / w, or 1.604%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000646] 4. Water-resistant agents[000647] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.193% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.193% w / w, or 0.193%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000648] Jojoba oil = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000649] 5. Solvents[000650] Tap water = 95.117% w / w = 593.125 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 95.117% w / w. or 95.117-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000651] 6. Antifoam[000652] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000653] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.Example 18: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000654] To make 623.575 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000655] 1. Hydrocolloids[000656] High acyl gellan gum = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000657] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.401% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.401% w / w, or 0.401-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units); and113BIOCH-43594.601[000658] Hemp fiber as filler = 0.281% w / w = 1.75 g (or < 0.281% w / w, or 0.281-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000659] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000660] Chitosan = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000661] 3. Plasticizers[000662] Glycerol = 1.604% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.604% w / w, or 1.604%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000663] 4. Water-resistant agents[000664] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.193% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.193% w / w, or 0.193%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000665] Jojoba oil = 0.802% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.802% w / w, or 0.802%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000666] 5. Solvents[000667] Tap water = 95.117% w / w = 593.125 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 95.117% w / w. or 95.117-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000668] 6. Antifoam[000669] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w. or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000670] FIG. 17 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.[000671]Example 19: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000672] To make 546.2 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000673] 1. Hydrocolloids[000674] High acyl gellan gum = 0.92% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.92% w / w, or 0.92-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);114BIOCH-43594.601[000675] Microcrystalline cellulose = 0.46% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.46% w / w, or 0.46-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000676] Hemp fiber as filler = 0.46% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.46% w / w, or 0.46-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000677] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000678] Chitosan = 0.92% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.92% w / w, or 0.92-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000679] 3. Plasticizers[000680] Glycerol = 1.831% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.831% w / w, or 1.831 %- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000681] 4. Curing agents[000682] Calcium chloride = 1.831% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.831% w / w, or 1.831 %- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 10.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 50.0% w / w solution (or < 50.0% w / w, or 50.0%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000683] 5. Water-resistant agents[000684] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.22% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.22% w / w, or 0.22%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000685] Jojoba oil = 0.92% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.92% w / w. or 0.92%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000686] 6. Solvents[000687] Tap water = 92.46% w / w = 505.0 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 92.46% w / w, or 92.46-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000688] 7. Antifoam[000689] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 0.7 h or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000690] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.[000691]115BIOCH-43594.601Example 20: Exemplary formulation and process for bioleather[000692] To make 627.325 g resin mix the following compounds at 800.0-1300.0 rpm and room temperature one by one for 10.0-15.0 min each component.[000693] 1. Hydrocolloids[000694] High acyl gellan gum = 0.8% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.8% w / w, or 0.8-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000695] Pectin = 0.4% w / w = 2.5 g (or < 0.4% w / w, or 0.4-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000696] Hemp fiber as filler = 0.279% w / w = 1.75 g (or < 0.279% w / w, or 0.279-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000697] 2. Nitrogenous agents[000698] Chitosan = 0.8% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.8% w / w, or 0.8-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000699] 3. Plasticizers[000700] Glycerol = 1.6% w / w = 10.0 g (or < 1.6% w / w, or 1.6%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000701] 4. Curing agents[000702] Calcium chloride = 0.598% w / w = 3.75 g (or < 0.598% w / w, or 0.598%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Dissolve it in 10.0 g tap water or lower or higher amounts, to make a 27.273% w / w solution (or < 27.273% w / w, or 27.273%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units);[000703] 5. Water-resistant agents[000704] Fumed silica or silicon dioxide = 0.192% w / w = 1.2 g (or < 0.192% w / w, or 0.192%- 100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units); and[000705] Jojoba oil = 0.8% w / w = 5.0 g (or < 0.8% w / w, or 0.8%-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000706] 6. Solvents[000707] Tap water = 94.549% w / w = 593.125 g (including water used in curing agent and hydrocolloids) (or < 94.549% w / w, or 94.549-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units).[000708] 7. Antifoam116BIOCH-43594.601[000709] If necessary, add food grade antifoam = 0.0% w / w = 0.0 g (or < 0.0% w / w, or 0.0-100.0% w / w, or at any other concentration units). Instead of antifoam, the base resin was degassed using a vacuum degasser at -0.74 bar or lower or higher vacuum pressure for 30.0 min or shorter or longer time, at room temperature or lower or higher temperature.[000710] FIG. 19 shows an exemplary bioleather product produced using the protocol described in this example.[000711]Example 21: Characterization of biomaterials[000712] The following standard testing methods can be used to characterize the flexible biomaterial resins and their final products including thin film, bio-bag, and bioleather.[000713] The density, viscosity, and rheological properties of the biomaterial resins can be tested to ensure the desired quantities.[000714] The following standard test methods can be used to characterize final flexible biomaterial products:[000715] ASTM D3985 can be employed to evaluate oxygen gas exchange properties of thin film biomaterials.[000716] ASTM E96 and ASTM F1249 can be utilized to determine water vapor transmission through thin film biomaterials.[000717] ASTM F2476-20 can be used to investigate the carbon dioxide transmission through thin film biomaterials.[000718] ASTM D882 can be used to determine the structural mechanics and tensile properties of thin film biomaterials.[000719] ASTM DI 004- 13 can be employed to determine tear strength of thin film biomaterials.[000720] ASTM D790 can be utilized to evaluate flexural strength of biomaterials.[000721] Test methods available to skilled artisans such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) can be used to determine glass transition temperature of biomaterials.[000722] Thermal properties of biomaterials can also be determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis methods.117BIOCH-43594.601[000723] ASTM D746 and ISO 974 can be employed to identify the brittleness temperature of the biomaterials.[000724] ASTM D6400, ISO 17088, EN 13432, and EN 14995 can be employed to determine the biodegradability of the biomaterials in industrial composting facilities.[000725] ISO 14855 can be used to test ultimate aerobic biodegradability of biomaterials.[000726] AS 5810 and NF T51-800 can be used to evaluate the biodegradability of the biomaterials in home composters.[000727] ISO 23517 can be employed to examine the biodegradability of the biomaterials in soil.[000728] Standard test methods such as disintegration (ISO 23832) and aerobic biodegradation (ISO 19679 and ASTM D6691) in simulated marine conditions can be employed to test the biodegradability of the biomaterials in marine environments.118BIOCH-43594.601

Claims

1. CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A waste valorization and bioresource recovery system, comprising:(a) a plurality of modular unit operations configured to process a mixed feedstock comprising at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste;(b) a distributed control system configured to dynamically select and adjust the sequence of the modular unit operations based on the types and properties of the mixed feedstock being processed and the types of valuable bioresources to be extracted from the mixed feedstock; and (c) a processing line formed by linking the modular unit operations in a selected sequence to extract valuable bioresources from the mixed feedstock.

2. The waste valorization and bioresource recovery system of claim 1, wherein the modular unit operations comprise:(a) an optional pre-treatment module configured for size reduction, separation, or homogenization of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste;(b) at least one conversion module configured for biochemical, thermochemical, mechanical, pressurized liquid-assisted, pulsed electric field-assisted, micro wave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, or electrochemical processing of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste;(c) at least one separation module configured for product extraction, purification, and / or waste separation; and / or(d) an optional post-treatment module configured for refining, stabilization, sterilization, disinfection, or packaging of recovered bioresources.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the control system further comprises:(a) a feedstock characterization module configured to determine chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or the at least one waste; and / or(b) a process optimization module configured to select and arrange modular unit operations based on a pre-defined recovery criteria, wherein the pred-defined recovery criteria is optionally based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the at least one bioresource and / or at least one waste determined by the feedstock characterization module.119BIOCH-43594.6014. The system of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the modular unit operations are connected via:(a) mechanical interfaces enabling rapid attachment and detachment; and / or(b) data communication interfaces enabling real-time monitoring and process control.

5. The system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one conversion module is selected from the group consisting of:(a) an optional solvent treatment module;(b) an aqua treatment module;(c) an alkaline treatment module;(d) a decoloration module;(e) an acid treatment module; and a combination thereof.

6. The system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least one separation module is configured to produce:(a) a solids fraction that is passed downstream in the processing line from one modular unit operation to another modular unit operation in the processing line;(b) a reflux fraction that is recycled upstream in the processing line to the modular unit operation preceding the at least one separation module that produced the reflux fraction; and / or (c) a leachate fraction that is passed outside of the processing line for downstream processing based on the type of feedstock being valorized and type of value-added compounds being extracted.

7. A method for bioresource recovery from a mixed feedstock using the system of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:(a) receiving a mixed feedstock;(b) characterizing the mixed feedstock for chemical and / or physical properties;(c) selecting modular unit operations based on the chemical and / or physical properties of the mixed feedstock:120BIOCH-43594.601(d) arranging the modular unit operations into a processing line;(e) processing the mixed feedstock through the arranged modular unit operations; and / or (f) extracting, purifying, recovering, optionally sterilizing and disinfecting bioresources from the mixed feedstock.

8. A process for producing a biopolymer, comprising:(a) incubating one or more biopolymer-producing microorganisms in a first bioreactor comprising wastewater to maintain a steady-state of feast-famine growth cycles for the one or more biopolymer producing microorganisms using a sequencing batch bioreactor or chemostat bioreactor;(b) transferring the incubated biopolymer producing microorganisms to a second bioreactor comprising a high carbon to nitrogen (C / N) ratio waste water that operated in batch or chemostat configuration; and(c) incubating the one or more biopolymer producing microorganisms in the second bioreactor under nutrient-limited conditions to optimize production of the biopolymer by the biopolymerproducing microorganism.

9. The process of claim 8, further comprising one or more of the following steps:(d) harvesting the biomass produced in step (c) optionally by settling and clarification to separate the biomass from liquid and / or biomass dewatering to produce a thickened biomass;(e) optionally disrupting the harvested biomass to release the biopolymer from the biomass harvested in step (d);(f) separating the biopolymer from the harvested biomass in step (d) and / or the disrupted harvested biomass in optional step (e);(g) recovering the biopolymer separated in step (f); and(h) optionally, sterilizing and disinfecting the biopolymer produced in step (g).

10. The process of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first bioreactor further comprises a leachate produced during waste valorization and bioresource recovery of an organic solid waste.121BIOCH-43594.60111. The process of any one of claims 8-10, wherein the first bioreactor further comprises a pH neutralizer.

12. The process of any one of claims 8-11, wherein the biopolymer-producing microorganism is selected from the group consisting of an alginate-producing microorganism, a chitin-producing microorganism, a chitosan-producing microorganism, an EPS-producing microorganism, a gellan gum-producing microorganism, a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing microorganism, a glycogen-producing microorganism, a pullulan-producing microorganism, a xanthan-producing microorganism, a microorganism that produces any two, three, four, or five of alginate, EPS, gellan gum, PHA, glycogen, pullulan, and xanthan, and any combination of two, three, four, or five thereof.

13. A process for recovering PHA from a homogenized microbial biomass, comprising: (a) treating a homogenate comprising a microbial biomass comprising PHA with a green solvent to extract the PHA from the homogenate;(b) treating the solvent extracted PHA with an anti-solvent to separate the solvent-extracted PHA from the solvent; and(c) separating the PHA from the anti- solvent to recover the PHA.

14. The process of claim 13, further comprising one or more of the following steps:(i) separating biosolids from the solvent-extracted PHA after step (a) for use in compounding and extrusion to produce a biomaterial;(ii) optionally drying the PHA recovered in step (c);(iii) pelletizing the PHA recovered in step (c) and / or optionally dried in step (ii) for use in compounding and extrusion for the production of a biomaterial;(iv) recovering spent solvents used in step (a) and / or anti- solvents used in step (b); and / or (v) optionally sterilizing and disinfecting the PHA recovered in step (c).

15. The process of claim 13 or 14, wherein the green solvent is selected from the group consisting of anisole, acetone, deep eutectic solvents, dimethyl carbonate, ethanol, ethyl lactate,122BIOCH-43594.601ionic liquids, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.

16. The process of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of hexane, pentane, water, other alkanes, any organic solvents, and any polar or nonpolar solvents among others.

17. The process of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the PHA is produced in the process of any one of claims 8-12.

18. A process for producing a hydrocolloid for use in compounding during production of a biomaterial, comprising:(a) combining an EPS suspension or glycogen suspension produced by the process of any one of claim 8-12 with a liquid hydrocolloid produced using the system of any one of claim 1-6 or method of claim 7 to produce an EPS suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids;(b) subjecting the EPS or glycogen suspension comprising liquid hydrocolloids to hydrocolloid precipitation, hydrocolloid concentration, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation to produce processed hydrocolloids; and(c) optionally drying and / or sterilizing / disinfecting the processed hydrocolloids.

19. The process of claim 18, wherein hydrocolloid precipitation comprises solvent treatment using alcohol, hydrocolloid concentration comprises osmotic pressure or evaporation, and / or hydrocolloid deacetylation comprises alkaline treatment and separation.

20. The process of claim 18 or 19, wherein the processed and optionally dried and sterilized / disinfected hydrocolloids are compounded and / or extruded to produce a biomaterial.

21. A process for producing a thin film biomaterial, comprising:123BIOCH-43594.601(a) mixing, homogenizing, and / or compounding / extruding the following compounds at temperature range of 5.0 - 250. °C for a period of 1.0-60.0 min to produce a base resin mixture:i. at least one hydrocolloid;ii. at least one nitrogenous additive;iii. at least one plasticizer;iv. at least one curing agent;v. at least one water-resistant agent;vi. at least one UV-resistant agent;vii. optionally at least one antifoam;viii. optionally at least one biopolymer additive;ix. optionally at least one flavor and / or dye additive;x. optionally at least one antiseptic additive; and / orxi. optionally at least one solvent;xii. optionally pelletizing the base resin mixture to produce base resin bio-pellets; and xiii. forming the base resin mixture (or optionally the bio-pellets) into a flexible thin film biomaterial.

22. The process of claim 21, wherein the base resin mixture is subjected to vacuum degassing to remove any foam in the base resin mixture prior to optional pelletizing step (b) or forming step (c).

23. The process of claim 21 or 22, wherein at least one biopolymer additive is added to the base resin or co-extruded prior to the forming step (c).

24. The process of any one of claims 21 to 24, further comprising (d) drying the thin film biomaterial formed in step (c).

25. The process of any one of claims 21-25, further comprising producing a flexible thin film, wrap, bag, bioleather, and / or rigid thin film bioproduct using the thin film formed in step (c) and / or dried in step (d).124BIOCH-43594.601

Images