Fire suppression management method and system for energy storage cabinet

Abstract

A fire suppression management method and system for an energy storage cabinet. The method comprises: S1, acquiring a pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack (1); and S2, on the basis of the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, selectively executing an individual fire suppression measure for a single battery pack and an overall fire suppression measure for the energy storage cabinet. On the basis of the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, the individual fire suppression measure and the overall fire suppression measure are selectively executed, such that an accurate individual fire suppression measure can be taken for thermal runaway of a single battery pack, thereby better controlling the cost of a single fire suppression operation and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. Targeted fire suppression processing is performed on the basis of the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, so that liquid fire suppression can be further applied when gas-based fire suppression fails to control thermal runaway in the battery pack, thereby improving the reliability of individual pack fire suppression, avoiding the spread of thermal runaway, and ensuring the safety of adjacent battery packs and the energy storage cabinet.

Description

Fire safety management methods and systems for energy storage cabinets Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection technology for energy storage cabinets, and specifically to a fire protection management method and system for energy storage cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most energy storage cabinets on the market adopt "cluster-level" or "container-level" fire protection designs, which release fire extinguishing agents to the entire battery cluster / container when thermal runaway is detected. This large-scale fire suppression method has a high cost per instance, and requires professional cleanup and agent replenishment after extinguishing, resulting in high subsequent maintenance costs. Due to the large fire suppression area, it is difficult to immediately target the battery pack experiencing thermal runaway, which can easily lead to the spread of thermal runaway to adjacent battery packs or even outside the energy storage cabinet, posing certain safety hazards. Technical issues

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a fire management method and system for energy storage cabinets. This system enables precise individual fire suppression measures to address thermal runaway of individual battery packs, effectively controlling the cost of a single fire suppression operation, reducing subsequent maintenance costs, improving the reliability of fire suppression for individual battery packs, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and ensuring the safety of adjacent battery packs and energy storage cabinets. Technical solutions

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A fire safety management method for an energy storage cabinet, wherein the energy storage cabinet contains multiple battery packs, each battery pack having a corresponding gas fire suppression interface and a corresponding liquid fire suppression interface. The method includes: S1, obtaining the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, wherein the pack-level fire alarm level is divided into three levels—pack-level alarm level one, pack-level alarm level two, and pack-level alarm level three—according to different degrees of thermal runaway within the battery pack; S2, selecting and executing individual fire suppression measures for a single battery pack and overall fire suppression measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack; wherein the individual fire suppression measures include: alerting to abnormal conditions, performing gas fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface, and performing liquid fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack through the liquid fire suppression interface; the overall fire suppression measures include: controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off.

[0006] In addition, the energy storage cabinet fire management method proposed according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S2 specifically includes: if the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level, the battery pack is determined to be a mild thermal runaway battery pack, and an abnormal state is indicated; if the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, an abnormal state is indicated, and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet is shut down; if the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level, the battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, and gas fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface; if the thermal runaway phenomenon in the high thermal runaway battery pack is still out of control after the gas fire suppression is triggered, liquid fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire suppression interface.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with a cabinet liquid inlet, and step S2 further includes: if, after a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, the fire alarm level of one or more battery packs is increased, then all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet are immersed in liquid through the cabinet liquid inlet.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is equipped with a ventilation system. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is then activated to indicate the abnormal state and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet is shut down. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level, the battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is then shut down, and gas fire suppression is performed on the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with a fire-fighting gas nozzle and a liquid inlet in the cabinet body. The method further includes: S3, obtaining the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet, wherein the cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two, and cabinet-level alarm level three according to different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe; S4, selecting and executing overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the cabinet-level fire alarm level; wherein, when the overall fire-fighting measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, the overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet are selected and executed according to the higher fire alarm level, wherein the overall fire-fighting measures include: indicating abnormal cabinet status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, performing gas fire-fighting through the fire-fighting gas nozzle into the energy storage cabinet, and immersing the energy storage cabinet in liquid through the liquid inlet in the cabinet body.

[0011] Specifically, step S4 includes: if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, indicating an abnormal state of the cabinet; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, indicating an abnormal state of the cabinet and controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, performing gas fire suppression into the energy storage cabinet through the fire-fighting gas nozzle; if the thermal runaway phenomenon in the energy storage cabinet is still out of control after the cabinet-level fire alarm level triggers gas fire suppression, then immersing the energy storage cabinet in liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

[0012] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a fire management system for energy storage cabinets.

[0013] A fire management system for an energy storage cabinet includes multiple battery packs within the cabinet. Each battery pack has a corresponding gas fire suppression interface and a corresponding liquid fire suppression interface. The system comprises: a first acquisition module for acquiring the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, which is classified into three levels—pack-level alarm level one, pack-level alarm level two, and pack-level alarm level three—based on the degree of thermal runaway within the battery pack, from mild to severe; and a management module for selecting and executing individual fire suppression measures for each battery pack and overall fire suppression measures for the entire energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The individual fire suppression measures include: alerting to abnormal conditions, administering gas fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack via the gas fire suppression interface, and administering liquid fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack via the liquid fire suppression interface. The overall fire suppression measures include: shutting down and de-energizing the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet.

[0014] In addition, the energy storage cabinet fire management system proposed according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the management module specifically includes an initial management unit and a subsequent management unit. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a mild thermal runaway battery pack and indicates an abnormal state. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, indicates an abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high thermal runaway battery pack and performs gas fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface. If, after the gas fire suppression is triggered, the subsequent management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon in the high thermal runaway battery pack is still out of control, it performs liquid fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire suppression interface.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with a cabinet liquid inlet. If a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, and the first acquisition module obtains that the pack-level fire alarm level of one or more battery packs has been increased, the subsequent management unit controls external fire-fighting liquid to immerse all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet through the cabinet liquid inlet.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a fire extinguisher is provided in the energy storage cabinet, and a package-level puncture valve is provided on each of the gas fire suppression interfaces. When the initial management unit performs gas fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it activates the fire extinguisher and opens the package-level puncture valve on the gas fire suppression interface corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid fire suppression interface includes an inlet and an outlet. Each inlet is connected to the main inlet via a corresponding inlet branch, and each outlet is connected to the main outlet via a corresponding outlet branch. Each inlet branch is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve, and each outlet branch is equipped with a corresponding one-way valve. When the post-management unit performs liquid fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it opens the solenoid valve on the inlet branch corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack to introduce immersion liquid, so that the immersion liquid immerses the internal space of the high thermal runaway battery pack and then flows out through the one-way valve at the outlet.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is equipped with a ventilation system. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, opens the ventilation system, indicates the abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high thermal runaway battery pack, closes the ventilation system, and performs gas fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with fire-fighting gas nozzles and a liquid inlet in the cabinet body. The system further includes: a second acquisition module, which is used to acquire the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet. The cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two, and cabinet-level alarm level three according to different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe. The management module is also used to select and execute overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the cabinet-level fire alarm level. Wherein, when the overall fire-fighting measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, the management module selects and executes overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the higher fire alarm level. The overall fire-fighting measures include: indicating abnormal cabinet status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, performing gas fire-fighting through the fire-fighting gas nozzles into the energy storage cabinet, and immersing the energy storage cabinet in liquid through the liquid inlet in the cabinet body.

[0021] Specifically, if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, the initial management unit will indicate an abnormal cabinet status; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, the initial management unit will indicate an abnormal cabinet status and control the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, the initial management unit will conduct gas fire suppression into the energy storage cabinet through the fire-fighting gas nozzle; if, after the cabinet-level fire alarm level triggers gas fire suppression, the subsequent management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the energy storage cabinet is still out of control, then liquid will be injected into the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet. Beneficial effects

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] The energy storage cabinet fire management method of the present invention selects and executes individual fire-fighting measures for individual battery packs and overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. This enables precise individual fire-fighting measures for thermal runaway of individual battery packs, avoiding large-scale fire suppression of all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet upon the occurrence of thermal runaway. This effectively controls the cost of a single fire and reduces subsequent maintenance costs. By setting separate gas and liquid fire-fighting measures for each battery pack, targeted fire-fighting treatment can be carried out according to the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. When gas fire-fighting cannot control the thermal runaway of a battery pack, liquid fire-fighting can be used to further control the thermal runaway of the battery pack, improving the reliability of single-pack fire-fighting, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and ensuring the safety of adjacent battery packs and the energy storage cabinet. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention, omitting the cabinet door on the battery pack side;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of the embodiment in Figure 1;

[0026] Figure 3 is a flowchart of the fire protection management method for energy storage cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a flowchart of liquid fire suppression after a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 is a block diagram of the energy storage cabinet fire management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the gas fire suppression pipeline and interface inside the energy storage cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention, omitting some battery packs and pipelines;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the liquid fire-fighting pipeline and interface inside the energy storage cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention, with some battery packs and pipelines omitted.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 10. First Acquisition Module; 20. Management Module;

[0033] 1. Battery pack; 2. Gas fire suppression interface; 21. Packet-level puncture valve; 22. Gas fire suppression branch; 23. Gas fire suppression main; 24. Cabinet-level puncture valve; 25. Nozzle; 3. Liquid fire suppression interface; 31. Liquid inlet; 311. Liquid inlet branch; 312. Liquid inlet main; 313. Solenoid valve; 32. Liquid outlet; 321. Liquid outlet branch; 322. Liquid outlet main; 323. Check valve; 4. Fire extinguisher; 5. Cabinet-level sensor. The best embodiment of the present invention

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the energy storage cabinet of this embodiment of the invention is equipped with multiple battery packs 1. Each battery pack 1 is provided with a corresponding gas fire suppression port 2 and a corresponding liquid fire suppression port 3, so as to realize gas fire suppression and liquid fire suppression for a single battery pack 1. The battery pack 1 can be a PACK-level device such as a battery module integrating multiple cells or multiple battery modules, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations on it.

[0036] As shown in Figure 3, the energy storage cabinet fire management method of this embodiment includes:

[0037] S1, obtain the fire alarm level of each battery pack. The fire alarm level is divided into three levels, from light to severe, based on the different degrees of thermal runaway within the battery pack: alarm level one, alarm level two, and alarm level three.

[0038] Specifically, different degrees of thermal runaway within the battery pack can be distinguished using three levels of gas concentration thresholds, three levels of temperature change thresholds, and three levels of temperature thresholds. When the gas concentration within the battery pack is less than the first gas concentration threshold, the temperature change is less than the first temperature change threshold, and the temperature is below the first temperature threshold, the battery pack is relatively safe, and its pack-level fire alarm level is displayed as the default value or a blank value. When the gas concentration within the battery pack is within the first and second gas concentration thresholds, or the temperature change is within the first and second temperature change thresholds, or the temperature is within the first and second temperature thresholds, the battery pack may have a risk of thermal runaway, and its pack-level fire alarm level is displayed as pack-level alarm level one. When the gas concentration within the battery pack is within the second and third gas concentration thresholds, or the temperature change is within the second and third temperature change thresholds, or the temperature is within the second and third temperature thresholds, the battery pack has a certain degree of thermal runaway, and its pack-level fire alarm level is displayed as pack-level alarm level two. When the gas concentration within the battery pack is greater than or equal to the third gas concentration threshold and the temperature change is greater than or equal to the third temperature change threshold, or when the gas concentration within the battery pack is greater than or equal to the third gas concentration threshold and the temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the battery pack is considered to have severe thermal runaway, and its fire alarm level is displayed as alarm level three. Specifically, the first gas concentration threshold is less than the second gas concentration threshold, and the second gas concentration threshold is less than the third gas concentration threshold; the first temperature change threshold is less than the second temperature change threshold, and the second temperature change threshold is less than the third temperature change threshold; and the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold, and the second temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold.

[0039] S2, based on the fire alarm level of each battery pack, selects to implement individual fire protection measures for a single battery pack and overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet. Individual fire protection measures include: alerting to abnormal conditions, providing gas fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire protection interface, and providing liquid fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the liquid fire protection interface. Overall fire protection measures include: shutting down and de-energizing the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet.

[0040] According to the energy storage cabinet fire management method of the present invention, by selecting and implementing individual fire-fighting measures for a single battery pack and overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, precise individual fire-fighting measures can be taken for the thermal runaway of a single battery pack. This avoids large-scale fire suppression of all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet as soon as thermal runaway occurs, thus better controlling the cost of a single fire and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. By setting separate gas fire-fighting measures and liquid fire-fighting measures for each battery pack, targeted fire-fighting treatment can be carried out according to the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. When gas fire-fighting cannot control the thermal runaway of a battery pack, liquid fire-fighting can be used to further control the thermal runaway of the battery pack, improving the reliability of single-pack fire-fighting, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and ensuring the safety of adjacent battery packs and the energy storage cabinet.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S2 may specifically include:

[0042] (1) If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level of the pack level, the battery pack is determined to be a mild thermal runaway battery pack and an abnormal status is indicated for management personnel to refer to.

[0043] (2) If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack alarm, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, an abnormal state is indicated and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet is shut down and powered off.

[0044] When a single battery pack is determined to be in moderate thermal runaway, it indicates that the pack has already experienced a certain degree of thermal runaway. At this point, shutting down the energy storage system can prevent the temperature of the moderately thermally runaway battery pack from continuing to rise, potentially leading to heat propagation or even fire. Management personnel can first inspect the moderately thermally runaway battery pack and energy storage cabinet to eliminate fire hazards before restarting the energy storage system, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the energy storage cabinet.

[0045] (3) If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level of the pack level, the battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, and gas fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface.

[0046] Understandably, if only a single battery pack is identified as being in a state of high thermal runaway, there may not be a fire inside that battery pack. In this case, applying gas smothering to that battery pack alone can effectively isolate oxygen and prevent the battery pack from catching fire.

[0047] (4) If the thermal runaway phenomenon in the high thermal runaway battery pack is still out of control after the gas fire extinguishing is triggered, such as the temperature rise or multiple cells are abnormal in the high thermal runaway battery pack, liquid fire extinguishing can be carried out on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire extinguishing interface to quickly extinguish the fire source and prevent the spread of heat, as shown in Figure 4.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with a liquid inlet, so that external fire-fighting liquid can enter the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet to achieve complete liquid immersion of all battery packs inside the energy storage cabinet, as shown in Figure 4. Step S2 may further include:

[0049] (5) If, after a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, the fire alarm level of one or more battery packs is increased, i.e., heat spread in the energy storage cabinet, then all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet shall be immersed in liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

[0050] It should be noted that steps (3) and (4) above only address thermal runaway control within a single battery pack. Multiple battery packs within the energy storage cabinet may experience varying degrees of thermal runaway. Individual gas or liquid fire suppression may not be sufficient to control the spread of thermal runaway in battery packs with high thermal runaway levels. By installing a liquid inlet on the energy storage cabinet and, in the event of increased fire suppression levels (i.e., thermal runaway spread) in one or more battery packs, immersing all battery packs in liquid to address the thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet, further thermal spread can be effectively prevented.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation system is provided on the energy storage cabinet for air exchange. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches level two, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is then activated to achieve air exchange within the energy storage cabinet, an abnormal state is indicated, and the energy storage system of the cabinet is shut down. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches level three, the battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is then deactivated to reduce the entry of external air, and gas smothering is initiated for the corresponding battery pack through a gas smothering interface.

[0052] To prevent fire risks caused by malfunctions of components other than the battery pack within the energy storage cabinet, in one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet fire management method may further include:

[0053] S3, obtain the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet. The cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two and cabinet-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe.

[0054] Specifically, the same method of differentiation can be used to distinguish different degrees of thermal runaway within the battery pack, employing three-level gas concentration thresholds, three-level temperature change thresholds, and three-level temperature thresholds to differentiate different degrees of thermal runaway within the energy storage cabinet. This embodiment will not elaborate further. In some other embodiments of the present invention, other parameters can be used to differentiate the degree of thermal runaway within the energy storage cabinet according to actual needs; this embodiment does not impose any limitations on this approach.

[0055] S4. Based on the cabinet-level fire alarm level, select and implement the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet. When the overall fire protection measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, select and implement the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the higher fire alarm level. The overall fire protection measures include: alerting the cabinet to abnormal status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, conducting gas fire suppression into the energy storage cabinet through fire gas nozzles, and immersing the energy storage cabinet in liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

[0056] By selecting and implementing overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the cabinet-level fire alarm level, the fire risks caused by battery pack thermal runaway without alarm activation or failure of other components besides the battery pack can be effectively addressed. Furthermore, steps S1 and S3 can be performed simultaneously. When the overall fire protection measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, selecting the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the higher fire alarm level can promptly suppress the spread of thermal runaway within the energy storage cabinet or battery pack, ensuring the safety of both the battery pack and the energy storage cabinet.

[0057] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, step S4 may include:

[0058] (6) If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, the cabinet will be alerted to an abnormal state for management personnel to refer to.

[0059] (7) If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, the cabinet will be alerted to an abnormal state and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet will be shut down and powered off.

[0060] (8) If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, gas fire protection is carried out inside the energy storage cabinet through fire gas nozzles.

[0061] (9) If the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the energy storage cabinet is still out of control after the gas fire alarm is triggered at the cabinet level, such as the temperature inside the energy storage cabinet rising, or the fire alarm level of multiple battery packs rising, then liquid immersion is carried out inside the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

[0062] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a fire protection management system for energy storage cabinets.

[0063] As shown in Figure 5, the energy storage cabinet fire management system of this embodiment includes: a first acquisition module 10 and a management module 20. The first acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The pack-level fire alarm level is divided into pack-level alarm level one, pack-level alarm level two, and pack-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway within the battery pack, from light to severe. The management module 20 is used to select and execute individual fire protection measures for a single battery pack and overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The individual fire protection measures include: indicating abnormal status, performing gas fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire protection interface, and performing liquid fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the liquid fire protection interface. The overall fire protection measures include: controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off.

[0064] According to the energy storage cabinet fire management system of this invention, by selecting and executing individual fire-fighting measures for individual battery packs and overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack, precise individual fire-fighting measures can be taken for the thermal runaway of individual battery packs. This avoids large-scale fire suppression of all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet as soon as thermal runaway occurs, thus better controlling the cost of a single fire and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. By setting up separate gas fire suppression and liquid fire suppression interfaces for each battery pack, equipment support is provided for realizing single-pack fire suppression. When gas fire suppression cannot control the thermal runaway of a battery pack, liquid fire suppression can be used to further control the thermal runaway of the battery pack, improving the reliability of single-pack fire suppression. Moreover, targeted fire-fighting treatment can be carried out according to the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack to prevent the spread of thermal runaway and ensure the safety of adjacent battery packs and the energy storage cabinet.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, the management module 20 may specifically include an initial management unit and a later management unit. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a mild thermal runaway battery pack and indicates an abnormal state for management personnel to refer to. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, indicates an abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high thermal runaway battery pack. There may not be a fire inside the battery pack. Gas fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface, which can effectively isolate oxygen and prevent the battery pack from catching fire. If the later management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the high thermal runaway battery pack is still out of control after the gas fire suppression is triggered, liquid fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire suppression interface.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with a cabinet liquid inlet. If a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, the first acquisition module 10 acquires that the fire alarm level of one or more battery packs has been increased. The subsequent management unit controls the external fire-fighting liquid to immerse all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet through the cabinet liquid inlet.

[0067] It should be noted that the gas-based fire suppression implemented by the initial management unit and the liquid-based fire suppression implemented by the later management unit only address thermal runaway control within a single battery pack. Multiple battery packs within the energy storage cabinet may experience varying degrees of thermal runaway. Individual gas-based or liquid-based fire suppression of battery packs with high thermal runaway levels may not be sufficient to control the spread of thermal runaway. By installing a liquid inlet on the energy storage cabinet, and in the event of increased fire suppression levels across multiple battery packs (i.e., thermal runaway spread), the later management unit can control the entry of external fire suppression liquid into the energy storage cabinet to immerse all battery packs, effectively preventing further thermal spread and addressing the overall thermal runaway of the entire energy storage cabinet.

[0068] As shown in Figure 6, in one embodiment of the present invention, a fire extinguisher 4 may be installed in the energy storage cabinet, and a package-level puncture valve 21 is installed on each gas fire extinguishing interface 2. When the initial management unit performs gas fire extinguishing on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it opens the fire extinguisher 4 and opens the package-level puncture valve 21 on the gas fire extinguishing interface 2 corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack, so that the fire extinguishing gas in the fire extinguisher 4 can enter the high thermal runaway battery pack through the gas fire extinguishing interface 2, thereby realizing gas fire extinguishing of a single battery pack.

[0069] Specifically, each gas fire suppression interface 2 can be connected to a corresponding gas fire suppression branch 22, and each gas fire suppression branch 22 is connected to a fire extinguisher 4 through a gas fire suppression main 23, so that the initial management unit can control the fire extinguisher 4 to perform individual gas fire suppression on the highly thermally runaway battery pack according to the thermal runaway situation. In some other embodiments of the present invention, the fire extinguisher 4 can also be installed outside the energy storage cabinet, and the gas fire suppression interface 2 can also be directly connected to an external fire suppression gas supply unit, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0070] As shown in Figures 1 and 7, in one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid fire suppression interface 3 may include an inlet 31 and an outlet 32. Each inlet 31 is connected to the main inlet 312 via a corresponding inlet branch 311, and each outlet 32 ​​is connected to the main outlet 322 via a corresponding outlet branch 321. Each inlet branch 311 is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve 313, and each outlet branch 321 is equipped with a corresponding one-way valve 323. When the later management unit performs liquid fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it opens the solenoid valve 313 on the inlet branch 311 corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack to introduce immersion liquid, so that the immersion liquid immerses the internal space of the high thermal runaway battery pack and then flows out through the one-way valve at the outlet. Specifically, the immersion liquid can enter the high thermal runaway battery pack through the liquid inlet main pipe 312, liquid inlet branch 311 and liquid inlet 31. After immersing the internal space of the high thermal runaway battery pack, it is discharged through the liquid outlet 32, thereby ensuring the one-way flow of fire-fighting liquid during liquid fire fighting. At the same time, it can effectively prevent the fire-fighting liquid from entering other battery packs that have not experienced thermal runaway through the pipeline, avoiding damage to additional battery packs and reducing unnecessary losses.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet may also be equipped with a ventilation system. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack alarm, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, opens the ventilation system, indicates the abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the third level of the pack alarm, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high thermal runaway battery pack, closes the ventilation system, and performs gas fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet is provided with fire-fighting gas nozzles and a liquid inlet in the cabinet. The system further includes: a second acquisition module, which is used to acquire the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet. The cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two, and cabinet-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe. The management module is also used to select and execute overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the cabinet-level fire alarm level. Wherein, when the overall fire-fighting measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, the management module selects and executes overall fire-fighting measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the higher fire alarm level. The overall fire-fighting measures include: indicating abnormal cabinet status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, performing gas fire-fighting through the fire-fighting gas nozzles into the energy storage cabinet, and immersing the energy storage cabinet in liquid through the liquid inlet in the cabinet.

[0073] By selecting and implementing overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the cabinet-level fire alarm level, the risk of fire caused by battery pack thermal runaway without alarm activation or failure of other components besides the battery pack can be effectively addressed. Furthermore, the first and second acquisition modules can operate synchronously. When the overall fire protection measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level acquired by the second acquisition module and the battery pack-level fire alarm level acquired by the first acquisition module are inconsistent, the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet are selected based on the higher fire alarm level. This can promptly suppress the spread of thermal runaway within the energy storage cabinet or battery pack, ensuring the safety of both the battery pack and the energy storage cabinet.

[0074] Specifically, if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, the initial management unit will indicate an abnormal cabinet status; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, the initial management unit will indicate an abnormal cabinet status and control the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off; if the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, the initial management unit will conduct gas fire suppression into the energy storage cabinet through fire gas nozzles; if, after the cabinet-level fire alarm level triggers gas fire suppression, the subsequent management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the energy storage cabinet is still out of control, then liquid will be poured into the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet.

[0075] As shown in Figure 6, in one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage cabinet may also be equipped with a cabinet-level sensor 5 for monitoring thermal runaway parameters of the cabinet, such as gas concentration and temperature. The gas fire suppression main pipe 23 may also be equipped with a cabinet-level puncture valve 24. The output end of the cabinet-level puncture valve 24 is connected to the fire suppression gas nozzle 25 so that when the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet is updated to cabinet-level alarm level three according to the monitoring data of the cabinet-level sensor 5, the second acquisition module acquires the cabinet-level fire alarm level. The management module can control the fire extinguisher 4 and the cabinet-level puncture valve 24 to open according to the updated cabinet-level fire alarm level, so that the fire suppression gas can be directly output from the fire suppression gas nozzle 25 through the gas fire suppression main pipe 23 and the cabinet-level puncture valve 24 to perform overall gas fire suppression on the energy storage cabinet.

[0076] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "linking", "fixing", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components.

[0078] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0079] The execution order of the steps shown in the flowchart is the preferred implementation. In other embodiments of the present invention, the order can be adjusted according to the functions involved in each step, for example, they can be executed simultaneously or in the reverse order.

[0080] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequential list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in connection with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit a program for use by, or in connection with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0082] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

Claims

1. A fire safety management method for an energy storage cabinet, wherein the energy storage cabinet contains multiple battery packs, characterized in that, Each of the battery packs is provided with a corresponding gas fire suppression port, and each of the battery packs is provided with a corresponding liquid fire suppression port. The method includes: S1, obtain the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The pack-level fire alarm level is divided into pack-level alarm level one, pack-level alarm level two and pack-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the battery pack from light to severe. S2, based on the fire alarm level of each battery pack, select to implement individual fire protection measures for a single battery pack and overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet; The individual fire protection measures include: alerting to abnormal conditions, providing gas fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire protection interface, and providing liquid fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the liquid fire protection interface; the overall fire protection measures include: controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off.

2. The fire safety management method for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically includes: If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level of the pack-level alarm, the battery pack is determined to be a mild thermal runaway battery pack and an abnormal status is indicated. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack-level alarm, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, an abnormal state is indicated, and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet is shut down and powered off. If a single battery pack reaches the package-level fire alarm level three, the battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, and gas fire suppression is performed on the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface; If the thermal runaway phenomenon within the high thermal runaway battery pack remains uncontrolled after gas fire suppression is triggered, liquid fire suppression will be applied to the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire suppression interface.

3. The fire safety management method for energy storage cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is provided with a liquid inlet, and step S2 further includes: If, after a single battery pack is determined to be a high-temperature thermal runaway battery pack, the fire alarm level of one or more battery packs is raised, then all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet will be submerged in liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

4. The fire protection management method for energy storage cabinets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a ventilation system. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack-level alarm, the battery pack is determined to be a moderate thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is turned on, an abnormal state is indicated, and the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet is shut down and powered off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches level three, the battery pack is determined to be a high-temperature thermal runaway battery pack. The ventilation system is then shut down, and gas fire suppression is initiated for the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface.

5. The fire safety management method for energy storage cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a fire-fighting gas nozzle and a liquid inlet for the cabinet. The method further includes: S3, obtain the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet. The cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two and cabinet-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe. S4. Based on the cabinet-level fire alarm level, select and implement overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet; Wherein, when the overall fire protection measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet shall be selected and implemented according to the higher fire alarm level. The overall fire protection measures include: alerting the cabinet to abnormal status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, performing gas fire protection into the energy storage cabinet through the fire gas nozzle, and immersing the energy storage cabinet into liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

6. The fire protection management method for energy storage cabinets according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes: If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, an abnormal cabinet status will be indicated. If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, it will indicate an abnormal state of the cabinet and control the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, gas fire suppression will be carried out into the energy storage cabinet through the fire gas nozzle; If the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the energy storage cabinet is still out of control after the gas fire alarm is triggered at the cabinet level, liquid will be poured into the interior of the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

7. A fire management system for an energy storage cabinet, wherein the energy storage cabinet contains multiple battery packs, characterized in that, Each of the battery packs is provided with a corresponding gas fire suppression port, and each of the battery packs is provided with a corresponding liquid fire suppression port. The system includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The pack-level fire alarm level is divided into pack-level alarm level one, pack-level alarm level two and pack-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the battery pack from light to severe. The management module is used to select and execute individual fire protection measures for a single battery pack and overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the pack-level fire alarm level of each battery pack. The individual fire protection measures include: alerting to abnormal conditions, providing gas fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire protection interface, and providing liquid fire protection to the corresponding battery pack through the liquid fire protection interface; the overall fire protection measures include: controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off.

8. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The management module specifically includes an initial management unit and a later management unit. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the first level of the pack-level alarm, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a mild thermal runaway battery pack and indicates an abnormal state. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack alarm, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, indicates an abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If a single battery pack reaches the package-level fire alarm level three, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high thermal runaway battery pack and performs gas fire suppression to the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding gas fire suppression interface; If, after the gas fire suppression system is triggered, the subsequent management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon within the high thermal runaway battery pack is still out of control, then liquid fire suppression is applied to the high thermal runaway battery pack through the corresponding liquid fire suppression interface.

9. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a cabinet liquid inlet. If a single battery pack is determined to be a high thermal runaway battery pack, the first acquisition module obtains that the fire alarm level of one or more battery packs has been increased. The subsequent management unit controls external fire-fighting liquid to immerse all battery packs in the energy storage cabinet through the cabinet liquid inlet.

10. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a fire extinguisher, and each of the gas fire suppression interfaces is equipped with a puncture valve. When the initial management unit performs gas fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it activates the fire extinguisher and opens the puncture valve on the gas fire suppression interface corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack.

11. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The liquid fire suppression interface includes an inlet and an outlet. Each inlet is connected to the main inlet via a corresponding inlet branch, and each outlet is connected to the main outlet via a corresponding outlet branch. Each inlet branch is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve, and each outlet branch is equipped with a corresponding check valve. When the post-management unit performs liquid fire suppression on the high thermal runaway battery pack, it opens the solenoid valve on the inlet branch corresponding to the high thermal runaway battery pack to introduce immersion liquid, so that the immersion liquid immerses the internal space of the high thermal runaway battery pack and then flows out through the check valve at the outlet.

12. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a ventilation system. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches the second level of the pack alarm, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a moderate thermal runaway battery pack, opens the ventilation system, indicates the abnormal state, and controls the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the fire alarm level of a single battery pack reaches level three, the initial management unit determines that the battery pack is a high-temperature thermal runaway battery pack, shuts down the ventilation system, and sends gas fire suppression to the corresponding battery pack through the gas fire suppression interface.

13. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet is equipped with a fire-fighting gas nozzle and a liquid inlet for the cabinet. The system also includes: The second acquisition module is used to acquire the cabinet-level fire alarm level of the energy storage cabinet. The cabinet-level fire alarm level is divided into cabinet-level alarm level one, cabinet-level alarm level two and cabinet-level alarm level three according to the different degrees of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet from light to severe. The management module is also used to select and execute overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet based on the cabinet-level fire alarm level; When the overall fire protection measures corresponding to the cabinet-level fire alarm level and the battery pack-level fire alarm level are inconsistent, the management module selects to execute the overall fire protection measures for the energy storage cabinet according to the higher fire alarm level. The overall fire protection measures include: alerting the cabinet to abnormal status, controlling the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off, performing gas fire protection into the energy storage cabinet through the fire gas nozzle, and immersing the energy storage cabinet into liquid through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

14. The energy storage cabinet fire management system according to claim 13, characterized in that, If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level one, the initial management unit will indicate an abnormal cabinet status. If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level two, the initial management unit will indicate the abnormal state of the cabinet and control the energy storage system of the energy storage cabinet to shut down and power off. If the cabinet-level fire alarm level reaches cabinet-level alarm level three, the initial management unit will conduct gas fire suppression into the energy storage cabinet through the fire gas nozzle. If, after the gas fire suppression system is triggered at the cabinet-level fire alarm level, the subsequent management unit detects that the thermal runaway phenomenon inside the energy storage cabinet is still out of control, then liquid will be injected into the interior of the energy storage cabinet through the liquid inlet of the cabinet.

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