Laminated glass

Abstract

Provided is laminated glass which is exceptional in terms of power generation efficiency in a solar cell and in which wiring is inconspicuous. Laminated glass for a vehicle has a first glass plate, a first photovoltaic layer including a first photovoltaic member, a second photovoltaic layer including a second photovoltaic member, and a second glass plate in the stated order from the sunlight-incident side, and has a patterned light-blocking region between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer or within the second photovoltaic layer, the first photovoltaic member and the second photovoltaic member being configured from mutually different materials, the visible light transmittance of the light-blocking region being 20% or less, the first photovoltaic member being arranged so as to cover the second photovoltaic member in plan view, and the light-blocking region being arranged so as to overlap at least a part of the first photovoltaic member and so as not to cover the second photovoltaic member.

Description

Laminated glass

[0001] This invention relates to laminated glass.

[0002] In recent years, the encapsulation of solar cells within laminated glass has been considered. However, due to various constraints, it can be difficult to create large-area solar cells or the photovoltaic layers that constitute them. Therefore, encapsulating multiple solar cells in an aligned in-plane configuration is being considered. In this case, the solar cells themselves, and the solar cells themselves, are electrically connected by wiring. From an aesthetic standpoint, it is sometimes required that these wirings be made inconspicuous.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a solar cell module in which a specific decorative layer is provided on the light-receiving surface side of the enclosed solar cell, as a method to eliminate the color difference between the solar cell and the rest of the module. Patent Document 2 also discloses a vehicle roof equipped with solar cells in which at least one layer on the sunlight-transmitting side is opaque (claims 1 and 14).

[0004] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-27266, International Publication No. 2018 / 178905

[0005] The inventors are considering providing two or more photovoltaic layers perpendicular to the surface in order to further improve power generation efficiency. When using photovoltaic layers made of different materials for each layer, it can be difficult to make the shapes of the main surfaces of each photovoltaic layer the same.

[0006] This disclosure provides laminated glass that offers excellent power generation efficiency and conceals wiring.

[0007] The disclosure includes the following embodiments: [1] Laminated glass for vehicles, comprising, in this order from the sunlight incident side, a first glass plate, a first photovoltaic layer including a first photovoltaic member, a second photovoltaic layer including a second photovoltaic member, and a second glass plate, and having a patterned light-shielding region between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, or within the second photovoltaic layer, wherein the first photovoltaic member and the second photovoltaic member are made of different materials, the visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region is 20% or less, and in a plan view, the first photovoltaic member is arranged to cover the second photovoltaic member, and the light-shielding region is arranged not to cover the second photovoltaic member and to overlap with at least a part of the first photovoltaic member. [2] The laminated glass according to [1], wherein the visible light transmittance of the first photovoltaic member is 1% or more. [3] The laminated glass according to [1] or [2], wherein (visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region) × (visible light transmittance of the first photovoltaic member) is 10% or less. [4] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [3], having an interlayer between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, wherein the interlayer comprises the light-shielding region. [5] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the first photovoltaic layer has a substrate on at least the side of the second photovoltaic layer, wherein the substrate comprises the light-shielding region. [6] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the light-shielding region has two or more openings in a plan view with a visible light transmittance of 50% or more. [7] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [6], further having a second light-shielding region on the surface of the first glass plate, between the first glass plate and the first photovoltaic layer, or within the first photovoltaic layer, wherein the second light-shielding region is arranged so as not to cover the first photovoltaic member in a plan view. [8] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the visible light transmittance of the second photovoltaic member is 0.1% or less. [9] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the second photovoltaic member is a silicon solar cell.

[10] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the first photovoltaic member is an organic thin-film solar cell or a perovskite solar cell.

[11] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein the first photovoltaic member is sealed by a substrate.

[12] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[11] , wherein, in a plan view, at least one side of the second photovoltaic member is 20 mm or less from one side of the light-shielding region.

[13] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[12] , wherein the light-shielding region is arranged to overlap with the peripheral edge of the first photovoltaic member.

[14] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[13] , wherein, in a plan view, the light-shielding region is arranged to overlap with 5% or more of the area of ​​the first photovoltaic member.

[0008] This disclosure provides laminated glass that offers excellent power generation efficiency and conceals wiring.

[0009] This is a plan view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross-section along the cutting line II-II in Figure 1. This is an exploded view of Figure 2A. This is another exploded view of Figure 2A. This is a plan view showing an example of the shape of the light-shielding region in the laminated glass of Figure 1. This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a plan view showing an example of laminated glass. This is a plan view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0010] The embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted or simplified. For clarity, the following descriptions and drawings are simplified as appropriate, and the scale of each component may differ significantly. Also for clarity, one direction of the main surface of the object may be called the X-axis, one direction of the main surface of the object perpendicular to the X-axis may be called the Y-axis, and the normal direction of the main surface of the object may be called the Z-axis. Note that the XY plane may be a curved surface. Also, the direction in the Z-axis direction may be called the direction perpendicular to the plane, and the direction in the XY plane may be called the in-plane direction. Furthermore, terms used in this specification to specify shapes, geometric conditions, and their degree, such as "parallel," "perpendicular," "orthogonal," and "identical," are not bound by strict meanings, but are interpreted to include a range in which similar functions can be expected. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical range indicated by "~" includes the values ​​written before and after it as the lower and upper limits. In the numerical ranges described in stages within this specification, the upper or lower limit of one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit of another numerical range described in stages. Also, in the numerical ranges described within this specification, the upper or lower limit of that numerical range may be replaced with the values ​​shown in the examples. The outer edge of an object is referred to as the "periphery," and the area with width adjacent to the "periphery" of the object is referred to as the "periphery portion." Furthermore, "vehicle" refers to a mobile body capable of mounting window glass, typically an automobile, but including trains, ships, aircraft, etc. Furthermore, automobiles are not limited to passenger cars or private cars, but also include taxis, buses, trucks, etc. With respect to laminated glass, the "sunlight incident side" refers to the side on which sunlight mainly incident, for example, when installed on the mobile body, it is the side that is placed outside. Furthermore, the "sunlight transmission side" refers to the side on which sunlight that has passed through the laminated glass exits, for example, when installed on the mobile body, it is the side that is placed inside. In this drawing, the sunlight incident side is positioned on the +Z side, and the sunlight transmission side is positioned on the -Z side. The visible light transmittance in this disclosure is the visible light transmittance specified in ISO 9050, and is the value obtained by calculating the ratio of transmitted light flux to incident light flux for the light flux incident on the medium.Specifically, it is a value obtained by multiplying the transmittance spectrum in the visible light wavelength range (380-780 nm) by a weighting coefficient obtained from the wavelength distribution of the daylight spectrum and relative luminous efficiency, and then taking a weighted average.

[0011] <Summary of the Disclosure> The laminated glass of the Disclosure has, in order from the sunlight incident side, a first glass plate, a first photovoltaic layer including a first photovoltaic member, a second photovoltaic layer including a second photovoltaic member, and a second glass plate, and has a patterned light-shielding region between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, or within the second photovoltaic layer. Here, the first photovoltaic member and the second photovoltaic member are layers composed of different materials, the visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region is 20% or less, the first photovoltaic member is arranged to cover the second photovoltaic member in a plan view, and the light-shielding region is arranged not to cover the second photovoltaic member, but to cover at least a part of the first photovoltaic member. The laminated glass of the Disclosure has excellent power generation efficiency by stacking two photovoltaic members of different materials, i.e., two solar cells with different wavelength dependence of external quantum efficiency, in a direction perpendicular to the plane. By having a patterned light-shielding region between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, or within the second photovoltaic layer, the light-shielding region can make the wiring pattern less noticeable without affecting the light incident on the photovoltaic member. Furthermore, in a plan view, the light-shielding region overlaps with at least a portion of the first photovoltaic member (OL in Figure 2A), making the boundary between the portion where the first photovoltaic member is placed and the portion where it is not placed less noticeable. Also, if a portion of the light incident on the photovoltaic member is shielded and the light is incident unevenly, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic member will decrease significantly. As described above, in the laminated glass of this disclosure, in a plan view, the first photovoltaic member is arranged to cover the second photovoltaic member. Therefore, the light incident on the second photovoltaic member maintains surface uniformity, resulting in excellent power generation efficiency by the photovoltaic layer. For these reasons, the laminated glass of this disclosure has excellent power generation efficiency and the wiring is less noticeable.

[0012] The laminated glass of this disclosure can be suitably applied to, for example, roof glass, rear side glass, rear quarter glass, and extra glass for vehicles, but it may also be applied to other parts of a vehicle. The laminated glass of this disclosure may be in a flat shape, but when used in a moving object such as a vehicle, a curved shape is preferred from the viewpoint of safety. The curved shape may be a simple curved shape curved in a first direction (e.g., the X-axis direction), a double curved shape curved in both the first direction (e.g., the X-axis direction) and a second direction (e.g., the Y-axis direction), or a three-dimensional shape bent into a more complex shape. The angle between the first and second directions here is arbitrary and may or may not be orthogonal. When the laminated glass of this disclosure is curved, it is preferable that the laminated glass is curved so as to be convex toward the outside of the vehicle. That is, it is preferable that the first glass plate is curved so as to be convex toward the opposite side of the second glass plate, and it is preferable that the second glass plate is curved so as to be convex toward the first glass plate side. The outer edge shapes of the first and second glass plates in plan view can be any shape, but rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular shapes are preferred, for example. A coating that provides functions such as water repellency, hydrophilicity, stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, anti-fogging, electric heating, infrared absorption / reflection, ultraviolet absorption / reflection, low emissivity, low reflectivity, and coloring may be provided on the main surface of at least one of the first and second glass plates. These coatings may be used individually or in combination. Alternatively, a film exhibiting similar functions and properties may be laminated to the main surface of the glass plate instead of a coating.

[0013] The laminated glass of this disclosure only needs to satisfy the above configuration. Specific examples of the configuration of the laminated glass according to this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention claimed is not limited to the following embodiments. Furthermore, not all of the configurations described in the embodiments are necessarily essential for solving the problem. Also, each embodiment and its variations may be combined or substituted as appropriate.

[0014] <Configuration Example> Figure 1 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of laminated glass according to the embodiment. Figure 2A is an example of a cross-section of the laminated glass shown in Figure 1 along the cutting line II-II, and Figure 2B is an exploded view of Figure 2A. Figure 3 is a plan view showing the patterned light-shielding region 30 in the configuration example. Note that Figure 1 only shows the arrangement of the photovoltaic members. The layer configuration of the laminated glass in the configuration example is as shown in Figure 2B, and includes a first glass plate 41, a first interlayer 51, a first photovoltaic layer 10, a second interlayer 52, a second photovoltaic layer 20, a third interlayer 53, and a second glass plate 42. The first photovoltaic layer 10 has a plurality of first photovoltaic members 11 arranged therein, with a first intermittent portion 12 formed between the first photovoltaic members 11. The second photovoltaic layer 20 has a plurality of second photovoltaic members 21 arranged therein, with a second intermittent portion 22 formed between the second photovoltaic members 21. As shown in Figure 2A, the laminated glass in the example configuration has an interlayer 50 formed by the integration of a first interlayer 51, a second interlayer 52, and a third interlayer 53, and typically the first and second interlayer portions 12 and 22 are filled with the interlayer 50. In this example configuration, a patterned light-shielding region 30 is arranged on the second interlayer 52, and after lamination, it is placed within the second photovoltaic layer 20. In the example of Figure 1, the laminated glass 100 is also provided with a shielding layer 80 at the periphery. Although not shown, the layer configuration at the periphery is, for example, first glass plate 41 ( / shielding layer 80) / interlayer / second glass plate 42 ( / shielding layer 80). At the periphery, the interlayer may be an integrated first, second, and third interlayer. In this case, the photovoltaic layer is sealed by the periphery, and contact with oxygen and moisture is suppressed. Although not shown in the diagram, the first photovoltaic layer 10 is equipped with wiring that electrically connects the first photovoltaic members 11 and the first photovoltaic members 11 to an external circuit, and the second photovoltaic layer 20 is similar.

[0015] The first and second glass plates 41 and 42 can be made of, for example, transparent inorganic glass. For the first and second glass plates 41 and 42, for example, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc., may be used. The first and second glass plates 41 and 42 are manufactured using, for example, the float method, the fusion method, etc., but are not limited to these methods.

[0016] The first glass plate 41 is preferably colorless from the viewpoint of the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, and clear glass or highly transmissive glass is preferred. The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 41 is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 88% or more, and still more preferably 91% or more. Note that clear glass and highly transmissive glass have the following base compositions as an example. The numerical values are mass % based on oxides. (Composition of clear glass) SiO ２ : 65 to 75%, Al ２ O ３ : 0 to 5%, MgO: 0 to 6%, CaO: 5 to 15%, Na ２ O: 10 to 20%, K ２ O: 0 to 5%, Fe ２ O ３ [[ID=D16]]Total iron content converted: 0 to 0.2%. (Composition of highly transmissive glass) SiO ２ : 65 to 80%, Al ２ O ３ : 0 to 5%, MgO: 0 to 12%, CaO: 0 to 15%, Na ２ O: 5 to 20%, K ２ O: 0 to 10%, Na ２ O + K ２ O: 5 to 20%, Fe ２ O ３ Total iron content converted: 0 to 0.04%.<(

[0017] The second glass plate 42 may be colored or colorless. The second glass plate 42 may also have a light-scattering uneven layer on its main surface, preferably the main surface facing the incident sunlight. As an example of a glass plate having a light-scattering uneven layer, frosted glass can be used and can be manufactured by known methods. In this embodiment, the second glass plate 42 may be the clear glass plate described above, or a green glass plate or a glass plate darker than green glass may be used. The green glass plate has the property of absorbing ultraviolet rays. The green glass plate has, for example, a visible light transmittance of more than 80% and less than 90% on a 1.6 mm basis. The green glass plate can be formed by adding iron components made from raw materials for glass, such as iron powder, iron oxide powder, and red iron oxide. For example, the composition of the green glass plate is as follows. Note that the values ​​are mass % based on oxide.

[0018] (Composition of green glass plate) SiO ２ :65~75%, Al ２ O ３ : 0~5%, MgO: 0~6%, CaO: 5~15%, Na ２ O: 10-20%, K ２ O: 0-5%, Fe ２ O ３ Converted total iron content: 0.3-0.8%, TiO ２ : 0.2-0.8%.

[0019] The thickness of the first glass plate 41 is preferably 1.1 mm or more, and more preferably 1.8 mm or more, from the viewpoint of strength such as resistance to flying stones. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of not making the mass of the laminated glass 100 too large and suppressing the fuel consumption of the vehicle, the thickness of the first glass plate 41 is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.8 mm or less, even more preferably 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 2.2 mm or less, particularly preferably 2.1 mm or less, and especially preferably 2.0 mm or less. The thickness of the first glass plate 41 is preferably 1.1 mm to 3 mm, more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.8 mm, even more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.6 mm, even more preferably 1.8 mm to 2.2 mm, particularly preferably 1.8 mm to 2.1 mm, and especially preferably 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm. Furthermore, the thickness of the second glass plate 42 has a preferred range similar to that of the first glass plate 41 from the viewpoint of strength.

[0020] The first, second, and third interlayers 51-53 are arranged so as to be sandwiched between the first glass plate 41 and the second glass plate 42. In other words, the first glass plate 41 and the second glass plate 42 are bonded together using the interlayers 51-53. In the laminated glass of the example configuration, the first interlayer 51 is located between the first glass plate 41 and the first photovoltaic layer 10, the second interlayer 52 is located between the first photovoltaic layer 10 and the second photovoltaic layer 20, and the third interlayer 53 is located between the second photovoltaic layer 20 and the second glass plate 42. This seals each photovoltaic layer and relieves the stress on each photovoltaic layer, thereby suppressing degradation of the solar cell due to water and oxygen, and preventing the occurrence of cracks, thereby improving durability. On the other hand, for example, when the photovoltaic layer is made of perovskite or the like, and the photovoltaic layer is formed directly on the first glass plate 41 or the second glass plate 42, the first or third interlayers 51 and 53 may be unnecessary. The interlayer preferably has at least one layer.

[0021] The thickness of the interlayer 51 is preferably 0.3 mm or more, and the thickness of the interlayers 52 and 53 is preferably 0.5 mm or more. If the thicknesses of the interlayers 52 and 53 are within the above range, damage to the second photovoltaic layer 20 can be prevented. If the interlayer has multiple layers, the thickness of the interlayer is the total thickness obtained by adding up the thicknesses of each layer. If the thickness of the interlayer is within the above range, the laminated glass will have sufficient impact resistance. Furthermore, the thickness of the interlayer is preferably 3 mm or less. If the maximum thickness of the interlayer is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass can be reduced. The maximum thickness of the interlayer is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0022] When the interlayer has multiple layers, each interlayer may be made of the same material or different materials. The interlayer can be made of a resin material including, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer, urethane resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF), etc. It is preferable that the interlayer contains PVB or EVA. Below, an example of an interlayer made using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) will be described in detail.

[0023] (PVB Interlayer) PVB resin is produced by known aqueous or solvent acetalization processes, which involve reacting polyvinyl alcohol ("PVOH") with butyraldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by separation, stabilization, and drying of the resin.

[0024] Polyvinyl butyral resin contains approximately 8 to 35% by weight (wt%) of hydroxyl groups, calculated as PVOH, depending on the desired properties of the interlayer.

[0025] The PVB resins of this disclosure contain about 5 to about 100 phr (parts per 100 parts of resin) of plasticizer. Examples of plasticizers suitable for use in the interlayer include, among others, esters of polybasic acids or polyhydric alcohols. Suitable plasticizers include, for example, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate) ("3GEH"), tetraethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate), triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol diheptanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, and mixtures thereof.

[0026] The first interlayer 51 and the second interlayer 52 are preferably highly transparent interlayers (clear interlayers). The visible light transmittance of the clear interlayer is preferably 85% or higher. There is no particular upper limit to the visible light transmittance of the interlayer, but it is, for example, about 95%. However, as will be described later, if a light-shielding region 30 is provided in the interlayer 52, the visible light transmittance of the interlayer mentioned above is the visible light transmittance in the range that does not include the light-shielding region.

[0027] The third interlayer 53 may be a clear interlayer or a colored interlayer, but a colored interlayer is preferred. An example of a colored interlayer is one obtained by adding a coloring agent to the thermoplastic resin mentioned above. The coloring agent is not particularly limited as long as it reduces the visible light transmittance, and examples include dyes, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, etc. Among these, inorganic pigments or organic pigments are preferred because there is little risk of fading due to long-term use, and inorganic pigments are preferred because they have excellent lightfastness. The visible light transmittance of the third interlayer 53 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 20% or less, even more preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less.

[0028] (Photovoltaic Layer) The first and second photovoltaic layers 10 and 20 each have a plurality of first photovoltaic members 11 and second photovoltaic members 21 arranged in an aligned manner. The first photovoltaic members 11 and second photovoltaic members 21 are each members that generate electromotive force when irradiated with light, and in this disclosure they may include a laminated structure that includes each known layer that constitutes a solar cell. The first photovoltaic layer 10 is provided with wiring (not shown) that electrically connects the first photovoltaic members 11 and the first photovoltaic members 11 to an external circuit. The same applies to the second photovoltaic layer 20.

[0029] Examples of solar cells equipped with photovoltaic members 11 and 21 include silicon solar cells such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon; perovskite solar cells; organic solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells; and compound solar cells such as gallium arsenide-based solar cells, CIS solar cells, and CIGS solar cells.

[0030] The first and second photovoltaic members 11 and 21 may be made of different materials, and the combination is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of power generation efficiency, it is preferable that the first photovoltaic member 11 has a higher external quantum efficiency for short-wavelength light than the second photovoltaic member 21, and that the second photovoltaic member 21 has a higher external quantum efficiency for long-wavelength light than the first photovoltaic member 11. Furthermore, the second photovoltaic member 21 may have a low visible light transmittance, for example, 0.1% or less. From the above viewpoint, the first photovoltaic member 11 is preferably an organic thin-film solar cell or a perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, the second photovoltaic member 21 is preferably a perovskite solar cell or a silicon solar cell, and more preferably a silicon solar cell.

[0031] From the standpoint of performance, the thickness of the photovoltaic element is preferably 50 μm to 500 μm, more preferably 100 μm to 300 μm, and even more preferably 100 μm to 200 μm in the case of silicon solar cells. If the photovoltaic element is an organic solar cell or a perovskite solar cell, it is preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or less, and even more preferably 1 μm or less.

[0032] When the photovoltaic member is a thin-film solar cell such as a perovskite solar cell, a compound solar cell, or an organic thin-film solar cell, the photovoltaic member may be provided directly on the first glass plate or the second glass plate, or a member provided on a substrate may be arranged (see the substrate 13 in FIG. 5). The photovoltaic member may be provided between two substrates, and further, the peripheral portions of the two substrates may be bonded together with a curable resin to seal the photovoltaic member. Also, a plurality of photovoltaic members may be individually sealed, or a plurality of photovoltaic members may be sealed together, and the first and / or second photovoltaic layers may be in the form of a single film including a plurality of photovoltaic members. The substrate 13 may be a glass substrate or a resin film. Specific examples of the material of the resin film include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aramid, polybutylene terephthalate, triacetyl cellulose, polyurethane, cycloolefin polymer, etc. Examples of the material of the glass substrate include the same as those of the first and second glass plates. The thickness of the substrate can be, for example, 2.1 mm or less from the point of suppressing the mass of the laminated glass. Also, the thickness of the substrate can be 0.05 mm or more from the point of the sealing property of the photovoltaic member and the strength of the substrate. Examples of the curable resin include photocurable resins such as acrylic resins and thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins.

[0033] (Light-shielding area) The laminated glass of this disclosure includes a patterned light-shielding area 30 between the first photovoltaic member 11 and the second photovoltaic member 21, or within the second photovoltaic member 21. The light-shielding area 30 does not cover the second photovoltaic member 21 and is arranged to overlap with at least a part of the first photovoltaic member 11 (OL area in Figure 2). Figure 3 shows an example of the plan view shape of the patterned light-shielding area 30. As shown in the example in Figure 3, an opening 31 is located in the area where the second photovoltaic member 21 is placed, and the plan view shape of the second photovoltaic member 21 and the plan view shape of the opening 31 are substantially the same. The patterned light-shielding area 30 makes the wiring of the second photovoltaic member 21 less noticeable when viewed from the first glass plate 41 side. Furthermore, when viewed from the second glass plate 42 side, the wiring of the first photovoltaic member 11 is hidden, and the peripheral edge of the first photovoltaic member 11 also becomes less noticeable. The visible light transmittance of the opening 31 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.

[0034] The visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region 30 should be 20% or less, and the method of forming the light-shielding region is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in Figure 2C, a clear interlayer may be used as the second interlayer 52, and a patterned colored interlayer 32 may be used to form the light-shielding region 30. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2B, a light-shielding black ink or the like may be printed on the second interlayer 52 to form a coating or colored layer which can then be used as the light-shielding region 30. A light-shielding colored film may also be laminated to the second interlayer 52. An example of a colored interlayer used as the light-shielding region 30 is one in which a coloring agent has been added to the thermoplastic resin mentioned above. The coloring agent is not particularly limited as long as it reduces the visible light transmittance, and examples include dyes, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, etc. Among these, inorganic pigments or organic pigments are preferred because there is little risk of fading due to long-term use, and inorganic pigments are preferred because they have excellent lightfastness. The visible light transmittance of the colored interlayer used as the light-shielding region 30 is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, even more preferably 5% or less, and particularly preferably 2% or less. Furthermore, modified cross-sectional views of the laminated glass are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The light-shielding region 30 may be formed by coloring a part of the second interlayer 52, as shown in the example in Figure 4. Alternatively, as shown in the example in Figure 5, the base material 13 of the aforementioned photovoltaic layer 10 may be colored to form the light-shielding region. The coloring method for the base material 13 may be the printing method described above.

[0035] Figure 6 shows a modified cross-sectional view of the laminated glass. From the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, the laminated glass of this disclosure does not need to have a plan view shape that perfectly matches the opening 31 and the second photovoltaic member 21. That is, in plan view, there may be a region where neither the second photovoltaic member 21 nor the light-shielding region 30 exists (see D in Figure 6). This improves the tolerance for alignment and makes manufacturing easier. In this case, in plan view, sufficient light shielding can be obtained if the distance (D) from at least one side of the second photovoltaic layer to one side of the light-shielding region is, for example, 20 mm or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of light shielding, it is preferable that the light-shielding region 30 is arranged to overlap with 5% or more of the total area of ​​the first photovoltaic member 11.

[0036] FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show modified examples of the cross-sectional view of the laminated glass. As shown in the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the laminated glass of the present disclosure may further have a second light-shielding region 32 on the surface of the first glass plate, between the first glass plate 41 and the first photovoltaic layer 10, or within the first photovoltaic layer 10. The second light-shielding region 32 is preferably arranged so as not to cover the first photovoltaic member 11 in plan view. When the first photovoltaic member 11 has a substrate, the region of the substrate where the first photovoltaic member 11 is not formed may overlap with the second light-shielding region 32, or the substrate may form the second light-shielding region 32. Thereby, when viewed in plan from the first glass plate 41 side, the wiring of the first photovoltaic member 11 can be hidden. The shape of the second light-shielding region 32 in plan view is, for example, such that an opening is arranged in the portion where the first photovoltaic member 11 is arranged, and the shape of the first photovoltaic member 11 in plan view and the shape of the opening in plan view are substantially the same. The method of forming the second light-shielding region 32 is the same as the method of the light-shielding region 30 described above. A light-shielding layer may be provided on the first intermediate film 51. When the photovoltaic member 11 is sealed, the substrate on the first glass plate 41 side may be colored to form the second light-shielding region 32. Further, a black ceramic or the like may be printed on the first glass plate to form a coating film or a colored layer as the second light-shielding region 32.

[0037] FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show modified examples of the laminated glass. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of the laminated glass. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the pattern-shaped light-shielding region 30 in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, one first photovoltaic member 11 may be arranged to cover a plurality of second photovoltaic members 21. As shown in FIG. 10, also in this case, the light-shielding region 30 has an opening 31 arranged in the portion where the second photovoltaic member 21 is arranged, and the shape of the second photovoltaic member 21 in plan view and the shape of the opening 31 in plan view are substantially the same.

[0038] The use of the laminated glass of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but it can be suitably used as laminated glass mounted on moving bodies such as vehicles, trains, ships, airplanes, etc., and can be used, for example, as roof glass for vehicles. Vehicles include, for example, passenger cars.

[0039] Although the present disclosure has been described in accordance with the above embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiments, and of course includes various modifications, alterations, and combinations that a person skilled in the art could make within the scope of the invention claimed in the present patent claims.

[0040] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-025745, filed on 20 February 2025, and incorporates all of its disclosures herein.

[0041] 10 First photovoltaic layer 11 First photovoltaic member 12 First intermittent section 13 Substrate 20 Second photovoltaic layer 21 Second photovoltaic member 22 Second intermittent section 30 First light-shielding region 31 Opening 32 Second light-shielding region 41 First glass plate 42 Second glass plate 50 Interlayer 51 First interlayer 52 Second interlayer 53 Third interlayer 80 Shielding layer 100 Laminated glass

Claims

1. Laminated glass for vehicles, comprising, in this order from the sunlight incident side, a first glass plate, a first photovoltaic layer including a first photovoltaic member, a second photovoltaic layer including a second photovoltaic member, and a second glass plate, and having a patterned light-shielding region between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, or within the second photovoltaic layer, the first photovoltaic member and the second photovoltaic member being made of different materials, the visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region being 20% ​​or less, and in a plan view, the first photovoltaic member being arranged to cover the second photovoltaic member, and the light-shielding region being arranged not to cover the second photovoltaic member, but to overlap with at least a part of the first photovoltaic member.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the visible light transmittance of the first photovoltaic member is 1% or more.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein (visible light transmittance of the light-shielding region) × (visible light transmittance of the first photovoltaic member) is 10% or less.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein an interlayer is provided between the first photovoltaic layer and the second photovoltaic layer, and the interlayer comprises the light-shielding region.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the first photovoltaic layer has a substrate on at least the side of the second photovoltaic layer, and the substrate comprises the light-shielding region.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding region has two or more openings in a plan view with a visible light transmittance of 50% or more.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1, further having a second light-shielding region on the surface of the first glass plate, between the first glass plate and the first photovoltaic layer, or within the first photovoltaic layer, wherein the second light-shielding region is arranged so as not to cover the first photovoltaic member in a plan view.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the visible light transmittance of the second photovoltaic member is 0.1% or less.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the second photovoltaic member is a silicon solar cell.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the first photovoltaic member is an organic thin-film solar cell or a perovskite solar cell.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the first photovoltaic member is sealed by a substrate.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view, at least one side of the second photovoltaic member is 20 mm or less from one side of the light-shielding region.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding region is arranged to overlap with the peripheral edge of the first photovoltaic member.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, in a plan view, the light-shielding region is arranged to overlap with 5% or more of the area of ​​the first photovoltaic member.

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