Method performed by user equipment, device, and storage medium, and method performed by base station, base station, and storage medium

Abstract

This user equipment may acquire a first identifier and a second identifier on the basis of a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal received on a cell, and acquire a physical cell identifier of the cell on the basis of the first identifier and the second identifier. The first identifier is one of P first-identifier candidates respectively associated with P primary synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer. The P primary synchronization signal candidates may be respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, wherein the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least a first orthogonal chirp signal and a last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate.

Description

A method performed by a user device, a device, a storage medium, and a method performed by a base station, a base station, a storage medium

[0001] This specification relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] Various devices and technologies, such as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and devices requiring high data transmission rates like smartphones and tablet PCs (Personal Computers), are emerging and becoming widespread. Consequently, the amount of data required to be processed in cellular networks is increasing very rapidly. To satisfy this rapidly increasing demand for data processing, technologies such as carrier aggregation and cognitive radio are being developed to efficiently utilize more frequency bands, while technologies such as multi-antenna technology and multi-BS cooperation are being developed to increase the data capacity transmitted within a limited frequency range.

[0003] As more communication devices require greater communication capacity, the need for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication is emerging compared to legacy radio access technology (RAT). In addition, massive machine type communication (mMTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is one of the key issues to consider in next-generation communication.

[0004] In addition, discussions are underway regarding communication systems to be designed with user equipment (UE) in mind, which is sensitive to reliability and latency. The introduction of next-generation wireless access technologies is being discussed with consideration of eMBB communication, mMTC, and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).

[0005] To increase the probability of successful connection of user device(s) to the cell, a synchronization signal with a high detection probability needs to be provided.

[0006] To increase the probability of detection by user device(s), a high-stakes synchronization signal needs to be provided to the carrier frequency offset (CFO).

[0007] The technical problems that this specification aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0008] In one aspect of the present specification, a method performed by a user device is provided. In another aspect of the present specification, a device is provided comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and, when executed, storing instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations. In yet another aspect of the present specification, a computer-readable non-transient storage medium is provided that stores at least one program code including instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations when executed. The method or the operations include: receiving a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal on a cell; obtaining a first identifier based on the first synchronization signal; obtaining a second identifier based on the second synchronization signal and the first identifier; obtaining a physical cell identifier of the cell based on the first identifier and the second identifier; and receiving a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, wherein the first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer. The P first synchronization signal candidates may respectively be based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal or the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate.

[0009] In another aspect of the present specification, a method performed by a base station is provided. In another aspect of the present specification, a base station is provided comprising at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operablely connectable to the at least one processor and, when executed, storing instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations. In another aspect of the present specification, a computer-readable non-transient storage medium is provided that stores at least one program code containing instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations when executed. The method or the operations include: generating a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal based on a first identifier and a second identifier associated with a physical cell identifier of a cell; transmitting the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal over the cell; and transmitting a downlink channel over the cell based on the physical cell identifier, wherein the first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates associated respectively with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer. The above P primary synchronization signal candidates may be based respectively on P orthogonal chirp signals, and the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate.

[0010] In each aspect of the specification, the physical cell identifier is one of physical cell identifier candidate values ​​0 to (P*S - 1), where S is the number of second identifier candidates, and the second identifier may be one of values ​​0 to (S - 1).

[0011] In each aspect of the specification, based on P being greater than 1, the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0012] In each aspect of the specification, based on P being 3, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of one of the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0013] In each aspect of the specification, based on P being 4, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of the first orthogonal chirp signal and a conjugate version of the last orthogonal chirp signal.

[0014] In each aspect of this specification, the N orthogonal chirp signals may be based on the following: , where 0≤t <T, 0≤k<N, 여기서 T는 상기 N개 직교 처프 신호들의 시간 도메인 길이이다.

[0015] The above-mentioned problem-solving methods are merely some of the examples of this specification, and various examples reflecting the technical features of this specification can be derived and understood by a person with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field based on the detailed description below.

[0016] According to some implementations of this specification, user device(s) can increase the probability of a successful connection to a cell.

[0017] According to some implementations of this specification, a synchronous signal may be provided at the carrier frequency offset (CFO).

[0018] According to some implementations of this specification, the probability of detecting a synchronization signal by user device(s) can be increased.

[0019] The effects of this specification are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0020] The attached drawings, included as part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the implementations of this specification, provide examples of the implementations of this specification and describe the implementations of this specification together with the detailed description:

[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 1 to which the implementations of the present specification are applied;

[0022] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing the method according to the present specification;

[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device capable of performing implementation(s) of the present specification;

[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP)-based wireless communication system;

[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates physical channels used in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP)-based communication system, which is an example of a wireless communication system, and the signal transmission / reception process using them;

[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates the synchronization signal structure of a 3GPP-based system;

[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates the effect of carrier frequency offset (CFO) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based system;

[0028] Figure 8 illustrates a performance comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus bit error rate (BER) according to a normalized CFO;

[0029] FIG. 9 illustrates the signal magnitude and frequency magnitude with respect to time of a linear chirp signal;

[0030] Figure 10 compares the resource allocation structure of a general chirp signal and the resource allocation structure of an orthogonal chirp signal;

[0031] FIG. 11 illustrates orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) signals and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals;

[0032] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram for generating an orthogonal chirp signal within an OFDM-based system;

[0033] FIG. 13 illustrates the detection probabilities of a 5G-based primary synchronization signal (PSS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based PSS, and an OCDM-based PSS according to CFO;

[0034] FIG. 14 illustrates the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of PSSs using three single orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0035] FIG. 15 illustrates three single orthogonal chirp signals in the time-frequency domain according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0036] FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrate examples of detection performance for PSSs (or corresponding PCI components) according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0037] FIG. 19 illustrates the autocorrelation results of a single chirp signal according to some implementations of the present specification, by CFO;

[0038] FIG. 20 illustrates the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of PSSs using four single orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0039] FIG. 21 illustrates the four single orthogonal chirp signals in the time-frequency domain according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0040] FIGS. 22 through 25 illustrate other examples of detection performance for PSSs (or corresponding PCI components) according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0041] FIG. 26 illustrates the operation flow of user equipment (UE) according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0042] FIG. 27 illustrates the operation flow of a base station (BS) according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0043] Implementations according to this specification are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary implementations of this specification and is not intended to represent the only form in which this specification may be practiced. The detailed description below includes specific details to provide a complete understanding of this specification. However, those skilled in the art will know that this specification may be practiced without such specific details.

[0044] In some cases, to avoid ambiguity regarding the concepts of this specification, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in the form of block diagrams focusing on the core functions of each structure and device. Additionally, throughout this specification, the same reference numerals are used to describe identical components.

[0045] The techniques, devices, and systems described below can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems. CDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) (i.e., GERAN). OFDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved-UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) is part of E-UMTS that utilizes E-UTRA.3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA for the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for the uplink (UL). LTE-A (LTE-advanced) is an evolved form of 3GPP LTE.

[0046] For the convenience of explanation, the following description assumes that this specification applies to 3GPP-based communication systems, such as LTE and NR. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, even though the following detailed description is based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP LTE / NR system, it may be applied to any other mobile communication system, except for matters specific to 3GPP LTE / NR.

[0047] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to 3GPP-based standard documents, e.g., 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.300 and 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 37.213, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.304, 3GPP TS 38.331, etc.

[0048] In the examples of this specification described below, the expression that the device "assumes" may mean that the entity transmitting the channel transmits the channel in accordance with said "assume." It may mean that the entity receiving the channel receives or decodes the channel in a form that conforms to said "assume," under the premise that the channel was transmitted in accordance with said "assume."

[0049] In this specification, ' / ' may mean 'and / or'.

[0050] In this specification, UEs may be fixed or mobile and include various devices that communicate with a base station (BS) to transmit and / or receive user data and / or various control information. A UE may be referred to as Terminal Equipment, Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Terminal (MT), User Terminal (UT), Subscribe Station (SS), wireless device, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), wireless modem, handheld device, etc. Additionally, in this specification, a BS generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with a UE and / or other BSs and exchanges various data and control information by communicating with a UE and other BSs. A BS may be referred to by other terms such as Advanced Base Station (ABS), Node-B (NB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), Base Transceiver System (BTS), Access Point, Processing Server (PS), etc. In particular, BSs of UTRAN are called Node-Bs, BSs of E-UTRAN are called eNBs, and BSs of new radio access technology networks are called gNBs. For convenience of explanation, BSs will be collectively referred to as BSs regardless of the type or version of the communication technology.

[0051] In this specification, a node refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting or receiving wireless signals by communicating with a UE. Various types of BSs may be used as nodes regardless of their designation. For example, a BS, NB, eNB, pico-cell eNB (PeNB), home eNB (HeNB), relay, repeater, etc., may serve as a node. Additionally, a node does not have to be a BS. For example, it may be a radio remote head (RRH) or a radio remote unit (RRU). RRHs, RRUs, etc. generally have a power level lower than that of a BS. Since an RRH or RRU (or RRH / RRU) is generally connected to a BS via a dedicated line such as an optical cable, cooperative communication between an RRH / RRU and a BS can be performed more smoothly compared to cooperative communication between BSs connected via wireless lines. At least one antenna is installed at a node. This antenna may refer to a physical antenna, an antenna port, a virtual antenna, or an antenna group. Nodes are also referred to as points.

[0052] In this specification, the term "cell" refers to a specific geographical area where one or more nodes provide communication services. Accordingly, in this specification, communicating with a specific cell may mean communicating with a BS or node that provides communication services to said specific cell. Furthermore, the downlink / uplink signals of a specific cell refer to downlink / uplink signals from to or to the BS or node that provides communication services to said specific cell. A cell that provides uplink / downlink communication services to a UE is specifically referred to as a serving cell. Additionally, the channel state / quality of a specific cell refers to the channel state / quality of the channel or communication link formed between the BS or node providing communication services to said specific cell and the UE. In a 3GPP-based communication system, a UE can measure the downlink channel state from a specific node using the CRS(s) transmitted by the antenna port(s) of the specific node over the CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal) resource assigned to the specific node and / or the CSI-RS(s) transmitted over the CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) resource.

[0053] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication systems use the concept of a cell to manage wireless resources, and a cell associated with wireless resources is distinguished from a cell in a geographical area.

[0054] A “cell” of a geographical area can be understood as the coverage over which a node can provide services using a carrier wave, and a “cell” of a wireless resource is associated with the bandwidth (BW), which is the frequency range configured by said carrier wave. Since downlink coverage, which is the range over which a node can transmit a valid signal, and uplink coverage, which is the range over which a valid signal can be received from a UE, depend on the carrier wave carrying the signal, the coverage of a node is also associated with the coverage of the “cell” of the wireless resource used by said node. Therefore, the term “cell” can be used to refer sometimes to the coverage of a service by a node, sometimes to a wireless resource, and sometimes to the range over which a signal using said wireless resource can reach with effective strength.

[0055] Meanwhile, 3GPP communication standards use the concept of a cell to manage radio resources. A "cell" associated with radio resources is defined as a combination of downlink resources (DL resources) and uplink resources (UL resources), that is, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. A cell can be configured as a DL resource alone or as a combination of a DL resource and a UL resource. Where carrier aggregation is supported, the linkage between the carrier frequency of a DL resource (or DL ​​CC) and the carrier frequency of a UL resource (or UL CC) can be indicated by system information. For example, the combination of DL resources and UL resources can be indicated by a System Information Block Type 2 (SIB2) linkage. Here, the carrier frequency may be equal to or different from the center frequency of each cell or CC. When Carrier Aggregation (CA) is established, the UE has only one Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with the network. One serving cell provides Non-Access Stratum (NAS) mobility information during RRC establishment / re-establishment / handover, and one serving cell provides security input during RRC re-establishment / handover. This cell is called a primary cell (Pcell). A Pcell is a cell operating on the primary frequency where the UE performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure.Depending on the UE capability, secondary cells (Scells) can be configured to form a set of serving cells together with Pcells. Scells can be configured after a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection is established and are cells that provide additional radio resources in addition to the resources of special cells (SpCells). The carrier corresponding to a Pcell in the downlink is called the Downlink Primary CC (DL PCC), and the carrier corresponding to a Pcell in the uplink is called the UL Primary CC (UL PCC). The carrier corresponding to an Scell ​​in the downlink is called the DL Secondary CC (DL SCC), and the carrier corresponding to the Scell ​​in the uplink is called the UL Secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0056] In a wireless communication system, the UE receives information from the BS via the downlink (DL) and transmits information to the BS via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and / or received by the BS and the UE includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and / or receive.

[0057] 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from upper layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are defined as downlink physical channels, while the reference signal and synchronization signal are defined as downlink physical signals. The reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, refers to a signal of a specific, predefined waveform known to both the BS and the UE. For example, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information RS (CSI-RS), and positioning reference signal (PRS) are defined as downlink reference signals. 3GPP-based communication standards define uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from upper layers.For example, the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PCCH), and physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and the sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0058] In this specification, PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) refers to a set of time-frequency resources (e.g., resource elements (REs)) carrying DCI (Downlink Control Information), and PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) refers to a set of time-frequency resources carrying downlink data. Additionally, PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) respectively refer to sets of time-frequency resources carrying UCI (Uplink Control Information), uplink data, and random access signals. In the following, the expression that a user device transmits / receives PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH is used to mean that the user device transmits / receives uplink control information / uplink data / random access signals on or through PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH, respectively. In addition, the expression that BS transmits / receives PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH is used with the same meaning as transmitting broadcast information / downlink control information / downlink data on or through PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH, respectively.

[0059] In this specification, radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) scheduled or set for a UE by a BS for the transmission or reception of PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH are also referred to as PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH resources.

[0060] Since the communication device receives a synchronization signal (SS), DMRS, CSI-RS, PRS, PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and / or PUCCH in the form of radio signals on the cell, it is not possible to selectively receive only radio signals containing only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through the RF receiver, or to selectively receive only radio signals excluding only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through the RF receiver. In actual operation, the communication device first receives radio signals on the cell through the RF receiver, converts the radio signals, which are RF band signals, into baseband signals, and uses one or more processors to decode the physical signals and / or physical channels within the baseband signals. Accordingly, in some implementations of this specification, not receiving a physical signal and / or physical channel may actually mean that the communication device does not receive wireless signals containing the physical signal and / or physical channel at all, but rather does not attempt to recover the physical signal and / or physical channel from the wireless signals, for example, not attempt to decode the physical signal and / or physical channel.

[0061] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Mobile Telecommunications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the key issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that consider reliability and latency-sensitive services / UEs are being discussed. Accordingly, the introduction of next-generation RATs that incorporate advanced mobile broadband communication, Massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed. Currently, 3GPP is conducting studies on next-generation mobile communication systems following the EPC. For convenience, this specification refers to the technology as New RAT (NR) or 5G RAT, and systems that use or support NR are referred to as NR systems.

[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 1 to which the implementations of the present specification apply. Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (1) to which the present specification applies includes a wireless device, a BS, and a network. Here, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (e.g., E-UTRA)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, a wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, vehicles may include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and may be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, BS and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and specific wireless devices may operate as BS / network nodes to other wireless devices.

[0063] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a BS (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other via the BS (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without using the BS / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0064] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b) may be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / BS (200) and BS (200) / wireless devices (100a~100f). Here, the wireless communication / connection may be established through uplink / downlink communication (150a) and sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication) using various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b), wireless devices and BS / wireless devices may transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. To this end, based on various proposals of the present specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0065] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing the method according to the present specification. Referring to FIG. 2, a first wireless device (100) and a second wireless device (200) can transmit and / or receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), BS (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 1.

[0066] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0067] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeably used with an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0068] The wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (100, 200) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with consideration for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be referred to by various names.

[0069] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDU) and / or one or more service data units (SDU) according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification.

[0070] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0071] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0072] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and / or receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0073] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device capable of performing implementation(s) of the present specification. Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to the outside (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from the outside (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0074] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 1, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 1, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 1, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 1, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 1, 100f), a UE for digital broadcasting, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 1, 400), a BS (Fig. 1, 200), a network node, etc. Depending on the use—e.g., service—the wireless device may be movable or used in a fixed location.

[0075] In FIG. 3, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, transitory memory, non-transitory memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0076] In this specification, at least one memory (e.g., 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs, and said instructions or programs may, when executed, cause at least one processor operablely connected to said at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0077] In this specification, a computer-readable (non-transient or non-transient) storage medium may store at least one instruction or computer program, and when executed by at least one processor, said at least one instruction or computer program may cause said at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0078] In this specification, a processing device or apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory connectable to said at least one processor. said at least one computer memory may store instructions or programs, and said instructions or programs, when executed, may cause at least one processor operablely connected to said at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0079] In this specification, a computer program may include program code stored on at least one computer-readable (non-transient) storage medium and, when executed, perform operations according to some implementations of this specification or cause at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification. The computer program may be provided in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may include at least one computer-readable (non-transient) storage medium.

[0080] A communication device of this specification comprises at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations according to the examples(s) of this specification described below.

[0081] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system.

[0082] The structure of the frame in Fig. 4 is merely an example, and the number of subframes, slots, and symbols in the frame can be varied. In an NR system, OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)) may be configured differently among multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or transmission time interval (TTI)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the aggregated cells. Here, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols). In this specification, symbols, OFDM-based symbols, OFDM symbols, CP-OFDM symbols, and DFT-s-OFDM Symbols can be substituted for each other.

[0083] Referring to Fig. 4, uplink and downlink transmissions in an NR system are organized into frames. Each frame is T f= (△f max *N f / 100)*T c = It has a duration of 10 ms and is divided into two half-frames, each with a duration of 5 ms. Here, T is the basic time unit for NR. c = 1 / (△f max *N f ) and, △f max = 480*10 3 It is Hz, and N f = 4096. For reference, T is the standard time unit for LTE. s = 1 / (△f ref *N f,ref ) and, △f ref = 15*10 3 It is Hz, and N f,ref =2048. T s Wow T c is a constant κ = T s / T c It has a relationship of = 64. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, and the period T of a single subframe. sf is 1ms. Subframes are further divided into slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot consists of 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix. For a normal cyclic prefix (CP), each slot consists of 14 OFDM symbols, while for an extended CP, each slot consists of 12 OFDM symbols. The above numerology is an exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing △f = 2 u It depends on 15 kHz. The following table shows the subcarrier spacing △f = 2 for normalized CP. u *Number of OFDM symbols per slot according to 15 kHz (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,uslot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot It represents ).

[0084]

[0085] The following table shows the subcarrier spacing △f = 2 for extended CP. u This shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to *15 kHz.

[0086]

[0087] For a subcarrier interval setting u, the slots are arranged in increasing order n within the subframe. u s ∈ {0, ..., nsubframe,u slot - 1} and n in increasing order within the frame u s,f ∈ {0, ..., n frame,u slot - 1} is numbered.

[0088] A slot contains multiple (e.g., 14 or 12) symbols in the time domain. For each numeral (e.g., subcarrier interval) and carrier, a common resource block (CRB) N indicated by upper-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling) start,u grid Starting from,N size,u grid,x *N RB sc individual subcarriers and N subframe,u symb A resource grid of N OFDM symbols is defined. Here, N size,u grid,x is the number of resource blocks (RB) in the resource grid, and the subscript x is DL for downlinks and UL for uplinks. RBsc is the number of subcarriers per RB, and in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, N RB sc is typically 12. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL). Carrier bandwidth N for subcarrier spacing configuration u. size,u grid This is given to the UE by upper-layer parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) from the network. Each element within the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing u is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol can be mapped to each resource element. Each resource element within the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l indicating the symbol position relative to a reference point in the time domain. In an NR system, RBs are defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In an NR system, RBs can be classified into Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) and Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered upwards from 0 in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing u coincides with 'Point A', which is the common reference point for the resource block grids. PRBs for subcarrier spacing setting u are defined within the bandwidth part (BWP), and range from 0 to N size,u BWP,i Numbered up to -1, where i is the number of the above bandwidth part. Common resource block n u CRB and physical resource block n within bandwidth part i PRB The relationships between them are as follows: n u PRB = n uCRB +N start,u BWP,i , here N start,u BWP,i is a common resource block where the above bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. A BWP contains multiple consecutive RBs in the frequency domain. For example, a BWP is a given numerator u within a BWP i on a given carrier. i It is a subset of contiguous CRBs defined for. The carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured to have one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Data communication is performed through the enabled BWPs, and only a predetermined number (e.g., 1) of the BWPs configured for the UE may be enabled on the carrier.

[0089] For each serving cell within a set of DL BWPs or UL BWPs, the network establishes at least an initial DL BWP and one initial UL BWP (if the serving cell is configured with an uplink) or two initial UL BWPs (if using a supplementary uplink). The network may also establish additional ULs and DL BWPs for the serving cell. For each DL BWP or UL BWP, the UE is provided with the following parameters for the serving cell: i) subcarrier spacing, ii) circular prefix, iii) N start BWP Assuming = 275, offset RB set and length L RB CRBN provided by the RRC parameter locationAndBandwidth, which indicates as the resource indicator value (RIV). start BWP =O carrier +RB start and the number of contiguous RBs N size BWP =LRB , and O provided by the RRC parameter offsetToCarrier for the subcarrier spacing carrier ; Index within the set of the above DL BWPs or UL BWPs; set of BWP-common parameters and set of BWP-exclusive parameters.

[0090] Virtual resource blocks (VRBs) are defined within the bandwidth part and range from 0 to N size,u BWP,i Numbered up to -1, where i is the number of the above bandwidth part. VRBs are mapped to physical resource blocks (PRBs) according to interleaved or non-interleaved mapping. In some implementations, for non-interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping, VRB n can be mapped to PRB n.

[0091] NR frequency bands are defined as two types of frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2, where FR2 is also referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). The following table illustrates the frequency ranges in which NR can operate.

[0092]

[0093] Figure 5 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP-based communication system, which is an example of a wireless communication system, and the signal transmission / reception process using them.

[0094] A UE that has been turned on again after being turned off or has lost connection with a wireless communication system first performs an initial cell search process, such as searching for a suitable cell to camp on and synchronizing with said cell or the BS of said cell (S11). During the initial cell search process, the UE receives a synchronization signal block (SSB) (also called an SSB / PBCH block) from the BS. The SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). Based on the PSS / SSS, the UE synchronizes with the BS and obtains information such as the cell identifier (ID). Additionally, the UE can obtain broadcast information within the cell based on the PBCH. Meanwhile, during the initial cell search process, the UE can receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) to check the downlink channel status.

[0095] After completing the initial cell search, the UE can camp on the cell. After camping on the cell, the UE monitors the PDCCH on the cell and receives the PDSCH according to the downlink control information (DCI) carried by the PDCCH to obtain more specific system information (S12).

[0096] Subsequently, the UE may perform a random access procedure to complete access to the BS (S13 to S16). For example, during the random access procedure, the UE may transmit a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). If the reception of the RAR for the UE fails, the UE may attempt to re-transmit the preamble. In the case of contention-based random access, a contention resolution procedure (S16) may be performed, which includes transmitting a PUSCH based on the UL resource allocation included in the RAR (S15) and receiving a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH.

[0097] A UE that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform the reception of PDCCH / PDSCH (S17) and the transmission of PUSCH / PUCCH (S18) as part of a general uplink / downlink signal transmission process. The control information transmitted by the UE to the BS is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK) (also called HARQ-ACK), scheduling request (SR), channel state information (CSI), etc. CSI may include channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and / or rank indicator, etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and traffic data need to be transmitted simultaneously. In addition, the UE can transmit UCI atypically via PUSCH based on network requests / instructions.

[0098] The aforementioned cell search is a process for the UE to acquire time and frequency synchronization with the cell and obtain the physical cell identifier (PCI) of said cell. The PCI is also referred to as the physical layer cell identifier. As previously mentioned, the UE receives the PSS and SSS on the cell and can obtain the cell's PCI based on said PSS and said SSS. The PCI is also referred to as the physical layer cell identifier. In the case of 5G-based systems, multiple SSBs may be transmitted within the carrier frequency span. The PCI provides a unique identifier for each cell within the network and is used to distinguish the cells. The cell's PCI can be used to generate PUSCH, PUCCH, DMRS for PUSCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, PBCH, DMRS for PDCCH, and / or DMRS for PDSCH, etc., transmitted on said cell. The UE can use the cell's PCI to generate an uplink channel / signal to be transmitted on the cell, and can use the cell's PCI to decode a downlink channel / signal received on the cell. The BS can use the cell's PCI to generate a downlink channel / signal to be transmitted on the cell, and can use the cell's PCI to decode an uplink channel / signal received on the cell. Therefore, for communication between the UE and the BS, the UE must be able to properly acquire the cell's PCI, and to achieve this, the synchronization signal needs to be designed so that the UE can properly detect the cell's synchronization signal.

[0099] Figure 6 illustrates the synchronization signal structure of a 3GPP-based system.

[0100] To aid in understanding the detection of a synchronization signal and the determination of a PCI based on said synchronization signal, the relationship between the synchronization signal and the PCI in a 3GPP-based system, for example, a 5G-based system, is described as follows. Referring to Fig. 6, the SSB may include a PSS, an SSS, and a PBCH.

[0101] PSS is a specific physical layer signal used for radio frame synchronization, and when power is turned on and tuned to a specific frequency to attempt camp-on, the UE attempts to detect the PSS. If the UE succeeds in detecting the PSS on the cell, for example, the UE can start decoding the entire SSB.

[0102] For a 5G-based system, referring to Fig. 6, the PSS is mapped to 127 active subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers 56–182) around the center of the SSB, is placed in the first OFDM symbol of the SSB, and consists of 127 m-sequence values. The SSS is mapped to 127 active subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers 56–182) around the center of the SSB, is placed in the third OFDM symbol of the SSB, and consists of 127 m-sequence values.

[0103] In the case of a 5G-based system, for example, the cell's PCI is N (1) ID ∈{0,1,...,335} and N (2) ID It can be determined by a combination of ∈{0,1,2}, and N is the PCI of the cell. cell ID = 3N (2) ID + N (1) ID There are 1008 unique PCIs given by. A PCI is N that identifies one of three cell ID groups. (2) ID and N identifying one of the 336 sub-cell IDs within each cell ID group(1) ID It can be identified by.

[0104] Sequence d for PSS PSS (n) is N (2) ID It can be generated by the following based on .

[0105]

[0106] Here, d PSS (n) represents the sequence value for index n, and x(m) represents the m-sequence. The m-sequence, also known as the maximum length sequence (MLS), is a binary sequence that satisfies linear recurrence, where the characteristic polynomial is the primitive. In the above equation, the polynomial of the m-sequence can be expressed as (4,7) or x(i+7) = [x(i+4) + x(i)] mod 2, where the initial values ​​are [x(6) x(5) x(4) x(3) x(2) x(1)] = [1 1 1 0 1 1 0]. A binary m-sequence of length 127 generated by these rules is assigned to subcarriers 56 through 182 as shown in Fig. 6, and then converted into time-domain symbols through an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) process.

[0107] For 5G-based systems, sequence d for SSS PSS (n) can be generated by the following.

[0108]

[0109] Here, x0((n+m0) mod 127) and x1((n+m1) mod 127) are each m-sequences, x0(i+7) = [x0(i+4) + x0(i)] mod 2 and x1(i+7) = [x1(i+4) + x1(i)] mod 2, and [x0(6) x0(5) x0(4) x0(3) x0(2) x0(1)] = [0 0 0 0 0 0 1] and [x1(6) x1(5) x1(4) x1(3) x1(2) x1(1)] = [0 0 0 0 0 1]. A binary m-sequence of length 127 generated by these rules is assigned to subcarriers 56 through 182 as shown in Fig. 6, and then converted into time-domain symbols through an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) process.

[0110] Sequence d for PSS PSS (n) is N (2) ID Since it is generated based on ∈{0,1,2}, there can be 3 sequences. Sequence d for SSS. PSS (n) is N (2) ID and N (1) ID Since it is generated based on ∈{0,1,...,335}, one N (2) ID There can be a total of 3*336 sequences, with 336 sequences for each value.

[0111] UE is N, one of the values ​​0, 1, and 2 based on PSS. (2) ID A value can be obtained, and the above-obtained N (2) ID N, which is one of the values ​​0 to 335 based on the value and SSS. (1) ID A value can be obtained, and the above-obtained N (2) ID and N (1) IDBased on the above PSS and the above SSS, the PCI of the cell that received the above PSS and SSS can be determined.

[0112] Figure 7 illustrates the effect of carrier frequency offset (CFO) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based system.

[0113] Referring to Fig. 7, if a CFO occurs in an OFDM-based system, the orthogonality between frequencies that would have been orthogonal had there been no CFO is broken, which can lead to inter-carrier interference (ICI). In an OFDM-based system, if no CFO occurs and orthogonality between frequencies is maintained (e.g., if orthogonality is maintained between neighboring subcarriers), the intensity of interference from adjacent frequencies becomes zero. However, if orthogonality between frequencies is not maintained, components of adjacent frequencies as well as components of the specific frequency are received at a specific frequency location, and interference occurs. Generally, the CFO can increase as the speed of the mobile object increases, as the carrier frequency of the BS increases, and as the deviation between the carriers of the BS and the UE increases. In the case of satellite communication, THz communication using the terahertz (THX) frequency band, or sub-THZ, the CFO may increase because it is a communication system with ultra-high speed movement or high carrier frequencies. While the receiver can estimate residual CFO components with an ε value less than 1 based on the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM system, residual CFO components for ε values ​​greater than 1 are found by sweeping nearby frequencies; consequently, the detection complexity of the PSS increases, and it may take a long time to find the frequency band for PSS detection. For example, in the case of OFDM-based PSS in 5G NR, if a CFO greater than 0.5*SCS is inserted into the PSS, a very small autocorrelation peak occurs, which may require additional methods for the initial acquisition of the PSS.

[0114] When inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by the CFO is present, the received symbol can be represented by the following.

[0115]

[0116] Here, r represents the received symbol, k is the subcarrier index, x represents the transmitted symbol, w represents the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), I represents inter-carrier interference, and N is the number of subcarriers.

[0117] ICI by CFO can be expressed by the following.

[0118]

[0119] Here, N is the number of subcarriers, ε represents the CFO, n = mk, and m and k are subcarrier indices.

[0120] Figure 8 illustrates a comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus bit error rate (BER) performance according to a normalized CFO.

[0121] Referring to Fig. 8, the influence of ICI according to the normalized CFO based on Equations 3 and 4 can be assessed through BER performance and SNR performance. Referring to the graph exemplified in Fig. 7, as CFO ε increases, ICI increases; consequently, the interference term (e.g., I[mk]) within the summation notation of Equation 3 increases, leading to a deterioration in BER performance at the same SNR. To recover from this deterioration, the introduction of an additional algorithm is required. Overhead for implementing such an algorithm is inevitable. To address this issue, generating / transmitting a synchronization signal based on an orthogonal chirp signal may be considered.

[0122] A general linear chirp signal Ψ(t) can be expressed by the following.

[0123]

[0124] Here, α represents the chirp rate and φ0 represents the initial phase value. The chirp rate is a variable that determines the slope of the chirp signal, and as the chirp rate increases, the slope changes rapidly along the time / frequency axis.

[0125] Figure 9 illustrates the signal magnitude and frequency magnitude of a linear chirp signal over time. Referring to Figure 9, it can be seen that the chirp signal has the characteristic of its frequency changing linearly over time. The chirp signal is a signal used in the LoRA (long range) standard for long-distance transmission of frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) lidar or Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and is known to be robust against phase noise (PN) and CFO due to the characteristics of the chirp spreading spectrum.

[0126] Figure 10 compares the resource allocation structure of a general chirp signal with that of an orthogonal chirp signal. Figure 10(a) illustrates the resource allocation structure of a general chirp signal, and Figure 10(b) illustrates the resource allocation structure of an orthogonal chirp signal. In Figure 10, "B" represents bandwidth.

[0127] As exemplified in FIG. 10(a), non-orthogonal chirp signals must be assigned to different frequency bands within the same time interval. On the other hand, as exemplified in FIG. 10(b), orthogonal chirp signals can be assigned in an overlapping manner within the same frequency band within the same time interval. Therefore, if a linear chirp signal having the characteristics exemplified in FIG. 9 possesses orthogonality, the same method as utilizing frequency orthogonality in OFDM can be applied to the chirp signals. The method of multiplexing by utilizing the orthogonality of chirp signals can be referred to as orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM).

[0128] N orthogonal chirp signals used in OCDM can be generated using Fresnel transforms as follows.

[0129]

[0130] Here Ψ k (t) represents the k-th orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals, and all orthogonal chirp signals are N / T 2 It has the same chirp rate. T is the time length in the time domain.

[0131] Figure 11 illustrates orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) signals and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. In Figure 11, solid lines represent in-phase signals, and dotted lines represent quadrature signals.

[0132] For each of OCDM and OFDM, N orthogonal signals can be generated. For example, when N=17, there may be 17 OFDM signals as exemplified in FIG. 11(a) and 17 OCDM signals as exemplified in FIG. 11(b).

[0133] Similar to the OFDM technique that transmits PSS using 127 subcarriers, it may be considered to transmit PSS based on 127 orthogonal chirp signals.

[0134] Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram for generating an orthogonal chirp signal within an OFDM-based system.

[0135] Referring to FIG. 12, a transmitting device can transmit transmission bits to a receiving device based on an orthogonal chirp signal.

[0136] The transmission device performs S / P (serial / parallel) conversion (S1201). For example, the transmission device can convert the entire serial stream into a plurality of parallel sub-streams. Thus, the entire stream is divided into a plurality of parallel sub-streams, and the divided sub-streams can be transmitted through the orthogonal chirp signals. The entire stream and the sub-streams can be composed of symbols according to the modulation scheme.

[0137] The transmission device can perform an inverse fast Fresnel transform (IFFnT) on parallel sub-streams (S1203). The IFFnT is a chirp phase Θ that is the conjugate of Θ2. * The step of applying 2, the step of performing the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and the chirp phase Θ which is the conjugate of Θ1 *It can be performed through a step of applying 1. Therefore, Θ before and after the IFFT application step of the existing OFDM system * 2 and Θ * By applying 1 respectively, orthogonal chirps can be generated in a simple way in existing OFDM systems.

[0138] The above-described transmitting device adds a cyclic prefix (CP) to the signal on which IFFnT has been performed (S1205). The CP can reduce multipath interference that may occur in the channel. For signal transmission, the above-described transmitting device up-converts the frequency of the signal with the added CP to a desired radio frequency band and transmits the up-converted signal to a receiving device (S1207, S1209).

[0139] The receiving device that receives the up-converted signal down-converts the frequency of the received signal to a baseband signal (S1211). The receiving device converts the down-converted signal into a parallel signal (S1213) and removes the CP (S1215).

[0140] The receiving device performs a fast Fresnel transform (FFnT) on the signal from which the CP has been removed (S1217). The FFnT can be performed through a chirp phase Θ1 application step, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) execution step, and a chirp phase Θ2 application step. The receiving device can obtain sub-streams through the FFnT.

[0141] The receiving device applies an equalizer to the sub-streams (S1219). Channel correction for the sub-streams can be performed through the equalizer, and the receiving device can acquire the sub-streams and the entire stream based on the chirp signal.

[0142] FIG. 13 illustrates the detection probabilities of a 5G NR-based PSS, an LTE-based PSS, and an OCDM-based PSS described in PCT / KR2024 / 014819 according to a CFO. In FIG. 13, "epsil" represents a CFO. In FIG. 13, each PSS is assumed to be generated under conditions where the long m-sequence length N for the sub-m-sequence is 511, the number of sub-m-sequences M is 3, and the sub-m-sequence length L is 127. In FIG. 13, the CFO ε is calculated by the following:

[0143]

[0144] Here, △f c ε is the deviation between the BS carrier and the UE carrier, v is the receiver's moving speed, c is the speed of light, f c is the carrier frequency of the base station.

[0145] Referring to Figure 13, it can be seen that the OCDM-based PSS does not show a significant difference in performance compared to 5G NR-based PSS and LTE-based PSS (see 3GPP TS 36.211) until the CFO is 0.2 times the SCS, but the detection probability performance of the OCDM-based PSS is better when the CFO is 0.5 times or more the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Referring to Figure 13, it can be confirmed that performance degradation due to an increase in CFO is more pronounced in conventional OFDM-based PSS (e.g., NR-based PSS, LTE-based PSS) than in OCDM-based PSS. This is because the degree to which the peak value appearing in the autocorrelation of the PSS is lowered by the CFO is more robust in OCDM-based PSS than in conventional OFDM-based PSS. However, when multiple orthogonal chirp signals need to be superimposed, the OCDM-based PSS used in the simulation of Fig. 13 has limitations in CFO robustness.

[0146] The following describes a method for generating PCI using orthogonal chirp signals according to several implementations of this specification. The aforementioned Equation 5 represents a formula capable of generating N orthogonal chirp signals. For example, if we consider the allocation of PSS to 127 subcarriers, as in NR PSS, as applied to orthogonal chirps, N=127 orthogonal chirps (signals) can be generated; while these 127 orthogonal chirp signals are mutually orthogonal, their cross-correlation characteristics are all different. However, the first orthogonal chirp signal (k=1) and the last orthogonal chirp signal (e.g., in the case of N=127, the 127th orthogonal chirp signal (k=127)) are orthogonal and exhibit excellent cross-correlation characteristics. Orthogonal chirp signals have the characteristic that the peak value of the cross-correlation increases as their numbers become closer to one another. This is because, as exemplified in FIG. 11(b), a chirp signal with a time offset or frequency offset has characteristics that make it indistinguishable from an orthogonal chirp signal with a nearby number. Furthermore, PCT / KR2024 / 014819 has revealed that chirp signals are sub-orthogonal to conjugated chirp signals and exhibit very good cross-correlation characteristics. Below, several implementations of this specification that can distinguish PCIs using these characteristics of chirp signals are described. In particular, some implementations of this specification can be used to generate or distinguish PSSs. For example, PCI is component N regarding the cell ID group (2) ID and component N regarding sub-cell IDs within the cell ID group (1) ID In cases where distinguished or identified by, M items N (2) ID Some implementations of this specification are described for generating or identifying M PSS sequences so that each can represent a value. For convenience of explanation, M N (2) IDSome implementations of this specification are described by expressing values ​​as PCI#0 through PCI#(M-1). Below, some implementations of this specification are described using the cases of M=3 and M=4 as examples, but some implementations of this specification are not limited to the cases of M=3 or M=4.

[0147] <Assignment of 3 Cell ID Groups>

[0148] Three orthogonal chirp signals may be used for three PSS sequences. Three cell ID groups may be identified respectively by the three orthogonal chirp signals. In this specification, a cell ID group may be referred to as a PCI component (distinguished or used by the PSS).

[0149] The three orthogonal chirp signals for the three PSS sequences can be as follows. For example, assuming N=127 in Equation 6, the orthogonal chirp signals for PCI#0, PCI#1, and PCI#2 can be assigned as follows.

[0150] PCI#0: Orthogonal chirp signal with k=1

[0151] PCI#1: Conjugate version of an orthogonal chirp signal where k is any number from 1 to N

[0152] PCI#2: Orthogonal chirp signal with k = N

[0153] Here, PCI#0 represents the first orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals according to Equation 6, and PCI#1 represents the conjugate version of any orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals. And PCI#2 represents the last orthogonal chirp signal. The three orthogonal chirp signals PCI#0, PCI#1, and PCI#2 generated by this rule can each have the same performance as their conjugates PCI#0*, PCI#1*, and PCI#2*.

[0154] FIG. 14 illustrates the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of PSSs using three single orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification, and FIG. 15 illustrates the three single orthogonal chirp signals (or also referred to as three orthogonal chirp waveforms) in the time-frequency domain according to some implementations of the present specification. In particular, FIG. 14(a) shows the autocorrelation of a PSS corresponding to one of the three orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification, and FIG. 14(b) shows the cross-correlation between PSSs corresponding respectively to PCI#0, PCI#1, and PCI#2.

[0155] PSSs corresponding to different PCI component values ​​can be better identified by the receiver as their cross-correlation characteristics are lower, and the PSS detection performance by the receiver can be evaluated as better as the autocorrelation characteristic of each PSS approaches the delta function (e.g., as the lags, which represent the change in the correlation window, are 1 only when they are 0 and close to 0 otherwise). The detection probability or false alarm performance for signal(s) depends on this correlation performance. As can be seen in Fig. 14, PSSs according to some implementations of this specification possess very high autocorrelation and cross-correlation performance.

[0156] FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrate examples of detection performance for PSSs (or corresponding PCI components) according to some implementations of the present specification. In particular, FIGS. 16 to 18 show the detection probabilities of PCI#0, PCI#1, and PCI#2, respectively, according to CFO ε = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2, with an SNR of -17 dB to -5 dB. In FIGS. 16 to 18, the detection success criterion for the PSS, or the detection success criterion for the PCI component by the PSS, is assumed to be successful if the autocorrelation peak falls within ±(CP / 2) length relative to the peak position accurately received by the UE, where CP is a cyclic prefix. Referring to FIGS. 16 to 18, it is evident that the detection probability decreases due to the autocorrelation peak becoming obscured depending on the magnitude of the noise, but there is almost no performance degradation with increasing CFO.

[0157] FIG. 19 illustrates the autocorrelation results of a single chirp signal according to some implementations of the present specification, by CFO. In particular, FIG. 19(a) is an autocorrelation graph of a single chirp signal according to some implementations of the present specification when CFO ε=2, and FIG. 19(b) is an autocorrelation graph of a single chirp signal according to some implementations of the present specification when CFO ε=10.

[0158] PSS(s) according to some implementations of this specification show little performance degradation with increasing CFO. This is because, as shown in Figure 19, even a chirped signal with a very large CFO inserted can guarantee a very high peak value in the autocorrelation result with the original chirped signal.

[0159] <Assignment of 4 Cell ID Groups>

[0160] Four orthogonal chirp signals can be used for four PSS sequences. Four cell ID groups can be identified respectively by the four orthogonal chirp signals. In this specification, a cell ID group may be referred to as a PCI component (distinguished or used by the PSS).

[0161] The four orthogonal chirp signals for the four PSS sequences can be as follows. For example, assuming N=127 in Equation 6, the orthogonal chirp signals for PCI#0, PCI#1, PCI#2, and PCI#3 can be assigned as follows.

[0162] PCI#0: Orthogonal chirp signal with k=1

[0163] PCI#1: Conjugate version of an orthogonal chirp signal with k=1

[0164] PCI#2: Orthogonal chirp signal with k=N

[0165] PCI#3: Conjugate version of an orthogonal chirp signal with k=N

[0166] Here, PCI#0 represents the first orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals according to Equation 6, and PCI#1 is a chirp signal that is the conjugate version of PCI#0. PCI#2 represents the last orthogonal chirp among the N orthogonal chirp signals, and PCI#3 is a chirp signal that is the conjugate version of PCI#2. The four orthogonal chirp signals PCI#0, PCI#1, PCI#2, and PCI#3 generated by this rule can each have the same performance as their conjugates PCI#0*, PCI#1*, PCI#2*, and PCI#3*.

[0167] FIG. 20 illustrates the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of PSSs using four single orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification, and FIG. 21 illustrates said four single orthogonal chirp signals / waveforms in the time-frequency domain according to some implementations of the present specification. In particular, FIG. 20(a) shows the autocorrelation of a PSS corresponding to one of the four orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification, and FIG. 20(b) shows the cross-correlation between PSSs corresponding respectively to PCI#0, PCI#1, PCI#2, and PCI#3. In FIG. 20(b), PSS1, PSS2, PSS3, and PSS4 correspond respectively to PCI#0, PCI#1, PCI#2, and PCI#3.

[0168] By referring to the cross-correlation characteristics as well as the autocorrelation characteristics shown in Fig. 20, it can be seen that PSSs utilizing four orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification have performance almost identical to that of PSSs utilizing three orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification described above.

[0169] FIGS. 22 to 25 illustrate other examples of detection performance for PSSs (or corresponding PCI components) according to some implementations of the present specification. In particular, FIGS. 22 to 25 respectively illustrate the detection probabilities of PCI#0, PCI#1, PCI#2, and PCI#3 according to CFO ε.

[0170] As illustrated in FIGS. 22 to 25, the detection probability performance of PSSs utilizing four orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification is not lower than the detection probability performance of PSSs utilizing three orthogonal chirp signals according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0171] According to some implementations of this specification, robust PSSs can be created in the CFO. Accordingly, according to some implementations of this specification, PSS detection performance on the cell can be improved. Additionally, according to some implementations of this specification, cell ID detection performance of the cell can be improved.

[0172] According to some implementations of this specification, since the PSS generated based on an orthogonal chirp has a robust effect against CFO, the PSS according to some implementations of this specification can be usefully employed in high-frequency communication environments (e.g., 6G communication) where the influence of CFO is unavoidable, in environments where UEs move at ultra-high speeds (e.g., non-terrestrial networks (NTN)), and in environments using low-cost local oscillators (e.g., NB-IoT).

[0173] FIG. 26 illustrates the operation flow of user equipment (UE) according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0174] The above UE may perform operations according to some implementations of this specification. The UE may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and, when executed, storing instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification. A processing device for the UE may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and, when executed, storing instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification. A computer-readable (non-transient or non-transient) storage medium may store at least one computer program including instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification when executed by at least one processor. A computer program or computer program product is written on at least one computer-readable (non-transient or non-transient) storage medium and may include instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification.

[0175] In a method performed by the above UE, or in the above UE, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transient) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the operations may include: receiving a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal on a cell (S2601); obtaining a first identifier based on the first synchronization signal; obtaining a second identifier based on the second synchronization signal and the first identifier; obtaining a physical cell identifier of the cell based on the first identifier and the second identifier (S2603); and receiving a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier (S2605). The first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer. The P first synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals. The above P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal or the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate.

[0176] In some implementations, the physical cell identifier is one of physical cell identifier candidate values ​​0 to (P*S - 1), where S is the number of second identifier candidates, and the second identifier may be one of values ​​0 to (S - 1).

[0177] In some implementations, based on P being greater than 1, the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0178] In some implementations, based on P being 3, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of one of the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0179] In some implementations, based on P being 4, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of the first orthogonal chirp signal and a conjugate version of the last orthogonal chirp signal.

[0180] In some implementations, the above N orthogonal chirp signals can be based on the following: , where 0≤t <T, 0≤k<N, 여기서 T는 상기 N개 직교 처프 신호들의 시간 도메인 길이이다.

[0181] FIG. 27 illustrates the operation flow of a base station (BS) according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0182] The above BS may perform operations according to some implementations of the present specification. The BS may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present specification. A processing device for the BS may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present specification. A computer-readable (non-transient or non-transient) storage medium may store at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present specification. A computer program or computer program product is written on at least one computer-readable (non-transient or non-transient) storage medium and may include instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification.

[0183] In a method performed by the above BS, or in the BS, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transient) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the operations may include: generating a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal based on a first identifier and a second identifier associated with a physical cell identifier of a cell (S2701); transmitting the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal on the cell (S2703); and transmitting a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier. The first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates associated respectively with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer. The P first synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals. The P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal or the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate.

[0184] In some implementations, the physical cell identifier is one of physical cell identifier candidate values ​​0 to (P*S - 1), where S is the number of second identifier candidates, and the second identifier may be one of values ​​0 to (S - 1).

[0185] In some implementations, based on P being greater than 1, the P orthogonal chirp signals may include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0186] In some implementations, based on P being 3, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of one of the N orthogonal chirp signals.

[0187] In some implementations, based on P being 4, the P orthogonal chirp signals may further include a conjugate version of the first orthogonal chirp signal and a conjugate version of the last orthogonal chirp signal.

[0188] In some implementations, the above N orthogonal chirp signals can be based on the following: , where 0≤t <T, 0≤k<N, 여기서 T는 상기 N개 직교 처프 신호들의 시간 도메인 길이이다.

[0189] As described above, the examples of this specification disclosed are provided to enable a person skilled in the art related to this specification to implement and practice this specification. Although the foregoing has been described by reference to the examples of this specification, a person skilled in the art may modify and change the examples of this specification in various ways. Accordingly, this specification is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein, but to be given the broadest possible scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0190] Implementations of this specification may be used in wireless communication systems, BS or UE, or other equipment.

Claims

1. Receive primary synchronization signal and secondary synchronization signal on the cell; Acquire a first identifier based on the above first synchronization signal; Obtaining a second identifier based on the second synchronization signal and the first identifier; Obtaining a physical cell identifier of the cell based on the first identifier and the second identifier; and It includes receiving a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal or the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, Method by user device.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above physical cell identifier is one of physical cell identifier candidate values ​​0 to (P*S - 1), where S is the number of second identifier candidates, and the above second identifier is one of values ​​0 to (S - 1). Method by user device.

3. In Paragraph 1, Based on P being greater than 1, the P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals, Method by user device.

4. In Paragraph 1, Based on P being 3, the P orthogonal chirp signals further include a conjugate version of one of the N orthogonal chirp signals, Method by user device.

5. In Paragraph 1, Based on P being 4, the P orthogonal chirp signals further include a conjugate version of the first orthogonal chirp signal and a conjugate version of the last orthogonal chirp signal, Method by user device.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above N orthogonal chirp signals are based on the following: , Here, 0≤t <T, 0≤k<N, 여기서 T는 상기 N개 직교 처프 신호들의 시간 도메인 길이인, Method by user device.

7. At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory operablely connectable to the at least one processor and, when executed, stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations are: Received a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal on the cell; Acquire a first identifier based on the above first synchronization signal; Obtaining a second identifier based on the second synchronization signal and the first identifier; Obtaining a physical cell identifier of the cell based on the first identifier and the second identifier; and It includes receiving a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, machinery and tools.

8. In a computer-readable non-transient storage medium, The above storage medium stores at least one program code including instructions that cause at least one processor to perform operations when executed, and said operations are: Received a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal on the cell; Acquire a first identifier based on the above first synchronization signal; Obtaining a second identifier based on the second synchronization signal and the first identifier; Obtaining a physical cell identifier of the cell based on the first identifier and the second identifier; and It includes receiving a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, Storage medium.

9. Generate a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal based on a first identifier and a second identifier associated with the physical cell identifier of the cell; Transmitting the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal on the cell; and It includes transmitting a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, Method by base station.

10. In Paragraph 9, The above physical cell identifier is one of physical cell identifier candidate values ​​0 to (P*S - 1), where S is the number of second identifier candidates, and the above second identifier is one of values ​​0 to (S - 1). Method by base station.

11. In Paragraph 9, Based on P being greater than 1, the P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among the N orthogonal chirp signals, Method by base station.

12. In Paragraph 9, Based on P being 3, the P orthogonal chirp signals further include a conjugate version of one of the N orthogonal chirp signals, Method by base station.

13. In Paragraph 9, Based on P being 4, the P orthogonal chirp signals further include a conjugate version of the first orthogonal chirp signal and a conjugate version of the last orthogonal chirp signal, Method by base station.

14. In Paragraph 9, The above N orthogonal chirp signals are based on the following: , Here, 0≤t <T, 0≤k<N, 여기서 T는 상기 N개 직교 처프 신호들의 시간 도메인 길이인, Method by base station.

15. At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory operablely connectable to the at least one processor and, when executed, stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations, wherein the operations are: Generate a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal based on a first identifier and a second identifier associated with the physical cell identifier of the cell; Transmitting the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal on the cell; and It includes transmitting a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, Base station.

16. In a computer-readable non-transient storage medium, The above storage medium stores at least one program code including instructions that cause at least one processor to perform operations when executed, and said operations are: Generate a first synchronization signal and a second synchronization signal based on a first identifier and a second identifier associated with the physical cell identifier of the cell; Transmitting the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal on the cell; and It includes transmitting a downlink channel on the cell based on the physical cell identifier, The above first identifier is one of P first identifier candidates respectively associated with P first synchronization signal candidates, where P is a positive integer greater than 1, and The above P first-order synchronization signal candidates are respectively based on P orthogonal chirp signals, and The above P orthogonal chirp signals include at least the first orthogonal chirp signal and the last orthogonal chirp signal among N orthogonal chirp signals of the same chirp rate, Storage medium.

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