APARELHO PARA COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIO EM UMA ESTAÇÃO BASE, MÉTODO RELACIONADO E MEMÓRIA LEGÍVEL POR COMPUTADOR

Abstract

Method and apparatus for wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum between an ENB and UEs having different bandwidths, for example, between a narrowband UE and a broadband ENB. A base station apparatus may execute a dual CCA procedure during a frame, where the dual CCA procedure comprises a first type of CCA procedure followed by a second type of CCA procedure when the first type of CCA procedure is unsuccessful. The apparatus may transmit during the frame when at least one CCA procedure of the dual CCA procedure is successful and may refrain from transmitting during the frame when both CCA procedures of the dual CCA procedure are unsuccessful. When executing the dual CCA procedure, the apparatus may execute CCA during a first time period and then execute ECCCA during a second time period following the CCA, when the CCA is unsuccessful.

Description

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION IN A BASE STATION, RELATED METHOD AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEMORY CROSS-REFERENCE WITH RELATED REQUEST

[0001] This request claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 416,651, entitled “WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN WIDEBAND ENB AND NARROWBAND UE” filed on November 2, 2016, and US Patent Application No. 15 / 635,000, entitled “WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN WIDEBAND ENB AND NARROWBAND UE” filed on June 27, 2017, are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. BACKGROUND Field

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless communication between a base station and User Equipment (UE) having different bandwidths, for example, between a broadband base station and a narrowband UE. Background

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely implemented to provide various telecommunications services, such as telephony, video, data, message exchange, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, and systems of Petition 870240096986, dated 12 / 11 / 2024, page 12 / 17 2 / 93 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that allows different wireless devices to communicate at the municipal, national, regional, and even global levels. An illustrative telecommunications standard is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is designed to support mobile broadband access through improved spectral efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced services utilizing OFDMA in the downlink, SCFDMA in the uplink, and multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology. However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, there is a need for further enhancements to LTE technology.These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and to the telecommunications standards that employ these technologies.

[0005] By way of example, a wireless multiple access communication system may include multiple base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication to multiple communication devices, also known as user equipment (UEs). A station Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 6 / 133 3 / 93 base stations can communicate with UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station).

[0006] Some communication modes may allow communication between a base station and a UE across a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band, or across different radio frequency spectrum bands (e.g., a licensed radio frequency spectrum band or an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band) of a cellular network. With increasing data traffic on cellular networks using a licensed radio frequency spectrum band, offloading at least some data traffic to an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band may provide a cellular operator with opportunities for enhanced data transmission capacity. An unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band may also provide service in areas where access to a licensed radio frequency spectrum band is unavailable.

[0007] In Narrowband (NB) wireless communication, such as Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) or Advanced Machine-like Communications (eMTC), wireless communications may involve limited bandwidth. For example, in NB-IoT, wireless communication may be limited to a single Resource Block (RB). In eMTCs, communication may be limited to six RBs. Such limited resources lead to unique challenges in data transmission. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 7 / 133 4 / 93 SUMMARY

[0008] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects, in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all aspects covered, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified manner, as a prelude to the more detailed description presented later.

[0009] The aspects presented in this document provide the ability to utilize an unlicensed or shared radio frequency spectrum band, providing opportunities to enhance data transmission capacity and also addressing the unique challenges in narrowband wireless communication transmission. The aspects provide communication between a base station and UEs possessing different bandwidths in the unlicensed spectrum, for example, between a broadband base station and narrowband UEs. The communication may include Internet of Things (IoT) communication, for example, NB-IoT, eMTC, etc. By allowing broadband base stations to serve narrowband UEs using the unlicensed spectrum, larger numbers of UEs can be served by fewer base stations.

[0010] In one aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station are provided. The apparatus performs a double CCA procedure for a frame, in which the Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 8 / 133 5 / 93 Dual CCA procedure comprises a first type of CCA procedure followed by a second type of CCA procedure when the first type of CCA procedure is unsuccessful. The device may transmit during the frame when at least one CCA procedure of the dual CCA procedure is successful and may refrain from transmitting during the frame when both CCA procedures of the dual CCA procedure are unsuccessful. When executing the dual CCA procedure, the device may execute CCA during a first time period and then execute eCCA during a second time period after the CCA, when the CCA is unsuccessful.

[0011] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable means, and an apparatus for wireless communication in the user's equipment are provided. The apparatus segments an uplink duration in each frame into several transmission units for each frequency, where a frame comprises an integer number of transmission units. The apparatus then transmits uplink communication based on the several transmission units, where each transmission unit comprises at least one on period and at least one off period corresponding to each of the several frequencies, where during an on period the UE transmits uplink communication on the corresponding frequency and during an off period the UE avoids transmitting uplink communication on the corresponding frequency.

[0012] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication in a user's equipment are Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 9 / 133 6 / 93 provided. The device transmits uplink transmissions in multiple transmission units and hops frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hopping pattern. Uplink transmissions can be transmitted based on dual hopping patterns and the device can additionally hop in a second pattern through the transmission units within the base station channel occupancy within a frame.

[0013] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable means, and an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station are provided. The apparatus hops frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hopping pattern and receives uplink transmissions in a narrow band from user equipment in multiple transmitting units within the frequency bands based on the base station hopping pattern. The uplink transmission can be received from the user equipment based on double hopping patterns, and the apparatus can hop in a second pattern through the transmitting units within the base station channel occupancy within a frame. The uplink transmission can be received from the user equipment in the same narrow band within the corresponding base station channel occupancy in each frame.The base station may comprise a broadband base station, and the device may additionally multiplex communication with multiple narrowband UEs.

[0014] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station are provided. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 10 / 133 7 / 93 The device performs a Listen Before Speaking (LBT) procedure at the beginning of each of several frames. The device transmits multiple repetitions of a transmission where, when the multiple repetitions measure several frames and the procedure If LBT is unsuccessful for the first frame, the base station either releases at least one replay on the first frame or postpones at least one replay on the first frame until a second frame when the LBT procedure is successful.

[0015] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable means, and an apparatus for wireless communication in a user's equipment are provided. The apparatus receives multiple repetitions of a downlink transmission from a base station. When the multiple repetitions span multiple frames, the apparatus determines whether the base station transmits at least one repetition of the downlink transmission in a first frame. The determination may include determining whether the base station releases at least one repetition in the first frame or delays at least one repetition in the first frame until a second frame. The apparatus may combine the multiple repetitions across multiple frames.

[0016] For the purposes set forth above and related, the one or more aspects comprise the aspects described hereafter in full and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings detail some illustrative aspects of the one or more aspects. However, these aspects are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended as including Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 11 / 133 8 / 93 all these aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] FIG. 1 presents a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 2A presents a diagram illustrating examples of implementation scenarios for using LTE in unlicensed spectrum according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 2B presents a diagram illustrating another example of an implementation scenario for using LTE in an unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 3 presents a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation when using LTE concurrently in licensed and unlicensed spectrum according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 4 presents an example of a CCA procedure performed by a transmitting apparatus when competing for access to a shared radio frequency spectrum band based on contention, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 5 presents an example of an eCCA procedure performed by a transmitting apparatus when competing for access to a shared radio frequency spectrum band based on contention, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 6 presents a block diagram of an evolved base station / Node B (eNB) design and of Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 12 / 133 9 / 93 an UE, which can be one of the base stations / eNBs and one of the UEs in FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 7 illustrates an illustrative frame structure according to the aspects presented in this document.

[0025] FIG. 8 illustrates an illustrative CCA / eCCA structure according to the aspects presented in this document.

[0026] FIG. 9 illustrates an illustrative structural diagram according to the aspects presented in this document.

[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates an illustrative transmission unit structure according to the aspects presented in this document.

[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates an illustrative frame structure according to the aspects presented in this document.

[0029] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a base station.

[0030] FIG. 13 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device.

[0031] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0032] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a user's equipment.

[0033] FIG. 16 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 13 / 133 10 / 93

[0034] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0035] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a user's equipment.

[0036] FIG. 19 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device.

[0037] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0038] FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a base station.

[0039] FIG. 22 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device.

[0040] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0041] FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a base station.

[0042] FIG. 25 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device.

[0043] FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0044] FIG. 27 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method in a user's equipment.

[0045] FIG. 28 is a data flow diagram. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 14 / 133 11 / 93 conceptual illustrating the flow of data between different media / components in an illustrative device.

[0046] FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Rather, the detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a complete understanding of the subject matter of the invention. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary in all cases and that, in some cases, well-known structures and components are presented in block diagram form for clarity of presentation.

[0048] Techniques are described in which an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band is used for at least part of contention-based communications through a wireless communication system. In some examples, a shared contention-based radio frequency spectrum band may be used for LTE communications or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) communications. The contention-based radio frequency spectrum band may be used in combination with, or independently of, a licensed non-contention radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the contention-based radio frequency spectrum band may be a radio frequency spectrum band for which a Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 15 / 133 The 12 / 93 device may also need to compete for access because the radio frequency spectrum band is available, at least in part, for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use.

[0049] With increasing data traffic on cellular networks using a licensed radio frequency spectrum band, transferring at least some data traffic to a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band, such as an unlicensed band, can provide a cellular operator (e.g., a public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) operator or a coordinated set of base stations defining a cellular network, such as an LTE / LTE-A network) with opportunities for enhanced data transmission capacity. As mentioned above, before communicating over a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band, such as unlicensed spectrum, devices can execute an LBT procedure to gain access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band.Such an LBT procedure may include executing a CCA procedure (or an eCCA procedure) to determine if an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum channel is available. When it is determined that the contention-based radio frequency spectrum channel is available, a channel reservation signal (e.g., a CUBS) may be transmitted to reserve the channel. When it is determined that a channel is not available, a CCA procedure (or eCCA procedure) may be executed again for the channel later.

[0050] When a base station and / or a UE Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 16 / 133 13 / 93 includes multiple antenna ports capable of transmitting across the shared contention-based radio frequency spectrum band; transmissions from different antenna ports can interfere with each other due to correlation between transmitted signals. For a channel reservation signal used to reserve a channel in a shared contention-based radio frequency spectrum band, reducing interference due to correlation between transmitted signals can be important to provide good detection capabilities for reserving the channel and to avoid false detection that would unnecessarily reserve the channel and prevent other devices from using it.To reduce such interference due to cross-correlation of signals from different antennas or autocorrelation of a signal from a single antenna, the base station or UE can generate a sequence based, at least in part, on an antenna port identifier associated with an antenna port that transmits the channel reservation signal sequence. In this way, the correlation of channel reservation signals can be reduced, thereby improving the detection capabilities of signal transmission, resulting in more effective and accurate reservations of a channel in the shared radio frequency spectrum based on contention.

[0051] In other words, for a channel reservation signal used to reserve a channel in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, the channel reservation signal must be configured with good detectability to reduce false alarms, so that the channel reservation can be easily detected by others. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 17 / 133 14 / 93 devices attempting to access the shared radio frequency spectrum band. Thus, the channel reservation signal sequence must possess good autocorrelation properties and good cross-correlation properties with sequences from neighboring base stations. For example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and / or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) may not possess good autocorrelation properties or good cross-correlation properties between different base stations in the contention-based radio frequency spectrum band. Thus, the channel reservation signal sequence should be configured based at least in part on an antenna port identifier to provide good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties.

[0052] The following description provides examples and is not limiting the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be executed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, aspects described in relation to some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0053] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example of an illustrative wireless communication system 100, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The system of Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 18 / 133 15 / 93 Wireless Communication 100 may include base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 via return transport channel links 132 (e.g., S1, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and programming for communication with UEs 115, or may operate under the control of a base station controller (not presenting). In several examples, base stations 105 may communicate, directly or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), with other base stations 105 via return transport channel links 134 (e.g., X2, etc.), which may be wired or wireless communication links.

[0054] Base stations 105 can communicate wirelessly with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each base station 105 location can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In some instances, a base station 105 may be referred to as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNB, a Home NodeB, a Home eNB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors that constitute a portion of the coverage area (not shown). The wireless communication system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro cell or macro base stations). Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 19 / 133 16 / 93 small cell). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 for different technologies.

[0055] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include an LTE / LTE-A network. In LTE / LTE-A networks, the term eNB may be used to describe base stations 105, while the term UE may be used to describe UEs 115. The wireless communication system 100 may be a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographic regions. For example, each eNB or base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other cell types. The term cell is a term 3GPP which can be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on the context.

[0056] A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell can be a lower-power base station, compared to a macro cell, that can operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) radio frequency spectrum bands as macro cells. Small cells can include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell can cover a relatively smaller geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 20 / 133 A 17 / 93 cell can also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a house) and can provide restricted access by UEs that have an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for home users, etc.). An eNB for a macro cell can be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell can be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a Home eNB. An eNB can support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells (e.g., component carriers).

[0057] The 100 wireless communication system can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, base stations can have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations may not be time-aligned. The techniques described in this document can be used for synchronous or asynchronous operations.

[0058] Communication networks that can accommodate some of the various examples revealed may be packet-based networks that operate according to a layered protocol stack. At the user level, communications at the carrier or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate across logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 21 / 133 18 / 93 can perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels on transport channels. The MAC layer can also utilize Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the protocol layer of Radio Resource Control (RRC) can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and base stations 105 or the main network 130 supporting radio carriers for user plane data. In the Physical layer (PHY), transport channels can be mapped to Physical channels.

[0059] UEs 115 can be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also include or be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communications device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, among others.A UE may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment, including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, etc. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 22 / 133 19 / 93 base relay stations, among others.

[0060] The 125 communication links presented in the 100 wireless communication system may include DL transmissions, from a 105 base station to a UE 115, or UL transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions, while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. In some instances, UL transmissions may include uplink control information transmissions, which uplink control information may be transmitted over an uplink control channel (e.g., a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or enhanced PUCCH (ePUCCH)). Uplink control information may include, for example, acknowledgments or non-acknowledgments of downlink transmissions, or channel status information. Uplink transmissions may also include data transmissions, which data may be transmitted over a shared physical uplink channel (PUSCH) or enhanced PUSCH (ePUSCH).Uplink transmissions may also include the transmission of a sound reference signal (SRS) or enhanced SRS (eSRS), a physical random access channel (PRACH) or enhanced PRACH (ePRACH) (e.g., in a dual connectivity mode or in the stand-alone mode described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B), or an SR or enhanced SR (eSR) (e.g., in the stand-alone mode described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B). References in this disclosure to a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a PRACH, an SRS, or an SR are inherently presumed to include references to a. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 23 / 133 20 / 93 ePUCCH, ePUSCH, ePRACH, eSRS or eSR respectively.

[0061] In some examples, each 125 communication link may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a composite signal of several subcarriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies) modulated according to the various radio technologies described above. Each modulated signal may be sent on a different subcarrier and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, user data, etc. 125 communication links may transmit bidirectional communications using either frequency-domain duplexing (FDD) operation (e.g., using paired spectrum resources) or time-domain duplexing (TDD) operation (e.g., using unpaired spectrum resources). Frame structures for FDD operation (e.g., type 1 frame structure) and TDD operation (e.g., type 2 frame structure) may be defined.

[0062] In some aspects of the 100 wireless communications system, 105 base stations or 115 UEs may include multiple antennas to employ antenna diversity schemes to enhance the quality and reliability of communication between the 105 base stations and the 115 UEs. Additionally or alternatively, 105 base stations or 115 UEs may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques that can take advantage of multipath environments to transmit multiple spatial layers carrying the same or different encoded data. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 24 / 133 21 / 93

[0063] The 100 wireless communication system can support operation in multiple cells or carriers, an aspect that may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. The terms carrier, component carrier, cell, and channel may be used interchangeably in this document. A UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used with FDD and TDD component carriers.

[0064] The wireless communication system 100 may also or alternatively support operation over a licensed, non-contentious radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a radio frequency spectrum band for which transmitting devices may not compete for access because the radio frequency spectrum band is licensed to particular users for specific uses, such as a licensed radio frequency spectrum band usable for LTE / LTE-A communications) or a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band for which transmitting devices may need to compete for access because the radio frequency spectrum band is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use).By winning a dispute for access to a shared radio frequency spectrum based on contention, a transmitting device... Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 25 / 133 22 / 93 (e.g., a 105 or UE 115 base station) may transmit one or more channel reservation signals (e.g., one or more CUBS) across the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum. Channel reservation signals may serve to reserve the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum by providing detectable energy in the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum. Channel reservation signals may also serve to identify a transmitting apparatus and / or a transmitting antenna, or may serve to synchronize the transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus. In some instances, a channel reservation signal transmission may begin at a symbol period boundary (e.g., an OFDM symbol period boundary). In other instances, a CUBS transmission may begin between symbol period boundaries.

[0065] The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 1 are provided as an example. In practice, the 100 wireless communication system may include additional devices, fewer devices, different devices, or devices arranged differently from those shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) of the 100 wireless communication system may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of the 100 wireless communication system.

[0066] Turning next to FIG. 2A, a diagram 200 presents examples of a supplementary downlink mode (e.g., Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) mode) and a carrier aggregation mode. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 26 / 133 23 / 93 for an LTE network that supports extended LTE / LTE-A for contention-based shared spectrum. Diagram 200 can be an example of parts of system 100 from FIG. 1. Furthermore, base station 105-a can be an example of base stations 105 from FIG. 1, while UEs 115-a can be examples of UEs 115 from FIG. 1.

[0067] In the example of a supplementary downlink mode (e.g., LAA mode) in diagram 200, base station 105-a can transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-a using a downlink 205. The downlink 205 is associated with an F1 frequency in an unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a can transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115a using a bidirectional link 210 and can receive SC-FDMA communication signals from that UE 115-a using the bidirectional link 210. The bidirectional link 210 is associated with an F4 frequency in a licensed spectrum. The downlink 205 in the unlicensed spectrum and the bidirectional link 210 in the licensed spectrum can operate concurrently. The downlink 205 can provide a downlink capacity offload to base station 105-a.In some embodiments, downlink 205 can be used for unicast services (e.g., addressed to one UE) or for multicast services (e.g., addressed to multiple UEs). This scenario can occur with any service provider (e.g., the traditional mobile network operator or MNO) that uses licensed spectrum and needs to alleviate some of the traffic and / or signaling congestion.

[0068] In an example of a carrier aggregation mode in diagram 200, base station 105-a can Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 27 / 133 Base station 24 / 93 can transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-a using a bidirectional link 215 and can receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using the bidirectional link 215. The bidirectional link 215 is associated with frequency F1 in the unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a can also transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115-a using a bidirectional link 220 and can receive SCFDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using the bidirectional link 220. The bidirectional link 220 is associated with frequency F2 in a licensed spectrum. The bidirectional link 215 can provide downlink and uplink capacity offload to base station 105a.Like the supplemental downlink (e.g., LAA mode) described above, this scenario can occur with any service provider (e.g., MNO) that uses licensed spectrum and needs to alleviate some of the traffic and / or signaling congestion.

[0069] In another example of a carrier aggregation mode in diagram 200, base station 105-a can transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-a using a bidirectional link 225 and can receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using the bidirectional link 225. The bidirectional link 225 is associated with frequency F3 in an unlicensed spectrum. Base station 105-a can also transmit OFDMA communication signals to the same UE 115-a using a bidirectional link 230 and can receive SC-FDMA communication signals from the same UE 115-a using the bidirectional link 230. The bidirectional link 230 is associated with frequency F2 in Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 28 / 133 25 / 93 licensed spectrum. The bidirectional 225 link can provide downlink and uplink capacity offloading to base station 105-a. This example and those provided above are presented for illustrative purposes and other similar operating modes or deployment scenarios may exist that combine LTE / LTE-A with or without contention-based shared spectrum for capacity offloading.

[0070] As described above, the typical service provider that can benefit from the capacity offloading offered by the use of LTE / LTE-A extended over contention-based spectrum is a traditional MNO with LTE spectrum. For these service providers, an operational configuration may include an initialized mode (e.g., supplemental downlink (e.g., LAA mode), carrier aggregation) that utilizes LTE PCC on non-content spectrum and LTE SCC on contention-based spectrum.

[0071] In supplemental downlink mode, control for LTE / LTE-A extended spectrum contention-based data can be carried over the LTE uplink (e.g., the uplink portion of bidirectional link 210). One reason for providing downlink capacity offloading is that data demand is largely driven by downlink consumption. Furthermore, in this mode, there may be no regulatory impact since UE is not transmitting on unlicensed spectrum. There is no need to implement LBT or Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) requirements in UE. However, LBT may be Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 29 / 133 26 / 93 implemented at the base station (e.g., eNB), for example, by using a CCA and / or a periodic grab-and-release mechanism (e.g., every 10 milliseconds) aligned with a radio frame boundary.

[0072] In CA mode, data and control can be communicated on LTE (e.g., bidirectional links 210, 220, and 230) while data can be communicated on the contention-based extended LTE / LTE-A spectrum (e.g., bidirectional links 215 and 225). The carrier aggregation mechanisms supported when using contention-based extended LTE / LTE-A spectrum can fall under a hybrid frequency-division duplexing-time-division duplexing (FDD-TDD) carrier aggregation or a TDD-TDD carrier aggregation with different symmetry between component carriers.

[0073] FIG. 2B presents a diagram 200-a which illustrates an example of an independent mode for LTE / LTEA extended for contention-based shared spectrum. Diagram 200-a may be an example of parts of system 100 of FIG. 1. In addition, base station 105-b may be an example of base stations 105 of FIG. 1 and base station 105-a of FIG. 2A, while UE 115-b may be an example of UE 115 of FIG. 1 and UE 115-a of FIG. 2A.

[0074] In the example of a standalone mode in diagram 200-a, base station 105-b can transmit OFDMA communication signals to UE 115-b using a bidirectional link 240 and can receive SCFDMA communication signals from UE 115-b using the bidirectional link 240. The bidirectional link 240 is associated with the frequency Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 30 / 133 27 / 93 F3 in a contention-based shared spectrum described above with reference to FIG. 2A. The standalone mode can be used in non-traditional wireless access scenarios, such as stadium access (e.g., unicast, multicast). A typical service provider for this mode of operation might be a stadium owner, cable company, event hosts, hotels, businesses, and large corporations that do not have licensed spectrum. For these service providers, an operational configuration for the standalone mode can utilize the PCC in the contention-based spectrum. Furthermore, LBT can be implemented both at the base station and in the UE.

[0075] In some instances, a transmitting device, such as one of the base stations 105, 205 or 205a described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A or 2B, or one of the UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215-c described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A or 2B, may use a port range to gain access to a channel of a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band (for example, to a physical channel of an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band). In some instances, the port range may be periodic. For example, the periodic port range may be synchronized with at least one boundary of an LTE / LTE-A radio range. The port range can define the application of a contention-based protocol, such as an LBT protocol based at least in part on the LBT protocol specified by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).When using a port range that defines the application of an LBT protocol, the port range can indicate when. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 31 / 133 28 / 93 A transmitting device must perform a contention procedure (e.g., an LBT procedure) such as a free channel assessment (CCA) procedure. The result of the CCA procedure may indicate to the transmitting device whether a channel of a contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band is available or in use for the port range (also referred to as an LBT radio frame). When a CCA procedure indicates that the channel is available for a corresponding LBT radio frame (e.g., unimpeded for use), the transmitting device may reserve or utilize the channel of the contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band during part or all of the LBT radio frame.When the CCA procedure indicates that the channel is unavailable (for example, that the channel is in use or reserved by another transmitting device), the transmitting device may be prevented from using the channel during the LBT radio frame.

[0076] The number and arrangement of components shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B are provided as an example. In practice, the 200 wireless communication system may include additional devices, fewer devices, different devices, or devices arranged differently from those shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

[0077] FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example 300 of a wireless communication 310 through an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, an LBT radio frame 315 may have a duration of ten milliseconds and include a number of downlink subframes. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 32 / 133 29 / 93 320 (D), a number of 325 (U) uplink subframes, and two special subframe types, an S 330 subframe and an S' 335 subframe. The S 330 subframe can provide a transition between the 320 downlink subframes and the 325 uplink subframes, while the S' 335 subframe can provide a transition between the 325 uplink subframes and the 320 downlink subframes and, in some examples, a transition between LBT radio frames.

[0078] During the S' 335 subframe, a downlink 345 free channel assessment (CCA) procedure may be performed by one or more base stations, such as one or more of the 105, 205, or 205-a base stations described with reference to FIG. 1 or 2, to reserve, for a period of time, a channel of the contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum through which wireless communication occurs 310. Following a successful downlink 345 CCA procedure by a base station, the base station may transmit a preamble, such as a CUBS (e.g., a downlink CUBS (D-CUBS 350)) to provide an indication to the other base stations or devices (e.g., UEs, Wi-Fi access points, etc.) that the base station has reserved the channel. In some examples, a D-CUBS 350 may be transmitted using multiple interleaved resource blocks.Transmitting a D-CUBS 350 in this manner may allow the D-CUBS 350 to occupy at least some percentage of the available frequency bandwidth of the contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band and satisfy one or more regulatory requirements (for example, a requirement that transmissions across a spectrum band of...). Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 33 / 133 30 / 93 unlicensed radio frequencies occupy at least 80% of the available frequency bandwidth). The D-CUBS 350 may, in some instances, take a form similar to that of an LTE / LTE-A cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). When the downlink CCA procedure 345 fails, the D-CUBS 350 may not be transmitted.

[0079] The S' 335 subframe may include multiple OFDM symbol periods (e.g., 14 OFDM symbol periods). A first portion of the S' 335 subframe may be used by multiple UEs as a shortened UL(U) 340 period. A second portion of the S' 335 subframe may be used for the DL 345 CCA procedure. A third portion of the S' 335 subframe may be used by one or more base stations successfully competing for access to the contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum channel to transmit D-CUBS 350.

[0080] During subframe S 330, a UL 365 CCA procedure may be performed by one or more UEs, such as one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215b or 215-c described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A or 2B, to reserve, for a period of time, the channel through which wireless communication occurs 310. Following a successful UL 365 CCA procedure by a UE, the UE can transmit a preamble, such as a UL CUBS (U-CUBS 370), to provide an indication to other UEs or devices (e.g., base stations, Wi-Fi access points, etc.) that the UE has reserved the channel. In some examples, a U-CUBS 370 can be transmitted using multiple interleaved resource blocks. Transmitting a U-CUBS 370 in this way can Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 34 / 133 31 / 93 allows the U-CUBS 370 to occupy at least some percentage of the available frequency bandwidth of the contention-based radio frequency spectrum and satisfy one or more regulatory requirements (for example, the requirement that transmissions across the contention-based radio frequency spectrum occupy at least 80% of the available frequency bandwidth). The U-CUBS 370 may, in some instances, take a form similar to that of an LTE / LTE-A or CSI-RS CRS. When the UL 365 CCA procedure fails, the U-CUBS 370 may not be transmitted.

[0081] The S 330 subframe may include multiple OFDM symbol periods (e.g., 14 OFDM symbol periods). A first portion of the S 330 subframe may be used by a number of base stations as a shortened DL (D) period 355. A portion of the S 330 subframe may be used as a guard (GP) period 360. A third portion of the S 330 subframe may be used for the UL CCA procedure 365. A fourth portion of the S 330 subframe may be used by one or more UEs successfully competing for access to the contention-based radio frequency spectrum channel as a UL pilot time partition (UpPTS) or to transmit U-CUBS 370.

[0082] In some instances, the downlink CCA procedure 345 or the UL CCA procedure 365 may include the performance of a single CCA procedure. In other instances, the DL CCA procedure 345 or the uplink CCA procedure 365 may include the performance of an extended CCA procedure. The extended CCA procedure Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 35 / 133 32 / 93 may include a random number of CCA procedures and, in some examples, may include multiple CCA procedures.

[0083] As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what has been described in connection with FIG. 3.

[0084] FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example 400 of a CCA 415 procedure executed by a transmitting apparatus when contending for access to a shared radio frequency spectrum band based on contention, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the CCA 415 procedure may be an example of the DL 345 CCA procedure or the UL 365 CCA procedure described with reference to FIG. 3. The CCA 415 procedure may have a fixed duration. In some examples, the CCA 415 procedure may be executed according to a frame-based equipment protocol - LBT (LBT-FBE). Following the CCA 415 procedure, a channel reservation signal, such as a CUBS 420, may be transmitted, followed by a data transmission (e.g., a UL transmission or a DL transmission). For example, a data transmission might have an intended duration of 405 of three subframes and an actual duration of 410 of three subframes.

[0085] As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what has been described in connection with FIG. 4.

[0086] FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example 500 of an eCCA 515 procedure performed by a transmitting apparatus when competing for access to a shared radio frequency spectrum band based on Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 36 / 133 33 / 93 contention, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the eCCA 515 procedure may be an example of a DL 345 CCA procedure or a UL 365 CCA procedure described with reference to FIG. 3. The eCCA 515 procedure may include a random number of CCA procedures and, in some examples, may include multiple CCA procedures. The eCCA 515 procedure may therefore have variable duration. In some examples, the eCCA 515 procedure may be executed according to a load-based equipment protocol - LBT (LBT-LBE). The eCCA 515 process may provide a higher probability of winning contention to access the contention-based shared radio frequency spectrum band, but at a potential cost of a shorter data transmission. Following the eCCA 515 procedure, a channel reservation signal, such as a CUBS 520, may be transmitted, followed by a data transmission.For example, a data transmission might have an intended duration of 505 for three subframes and an actual duration of 510 for two subframes.

[0087] As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what has been described in connection with FIG. 5.

[0088] FIG. 6 presents a block diagram of a base station design 105, for example, an eNB, and a UE 115, which may be one of the base stations / eNBs and one of the UEs in FIG. 1. The base station 105 may be equipped with antennas 634a to 634t and the UE 115 may be equipped with antennas 652a to 652r. In the base station 105, a transmission processor 620 may receive data from a data source 612 and control information from a Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 37 / 133 34 / 93 controller / processor 640. Control information can be for the physical transmission channel (PBCH), for the physical channel indicating control format (PCFICH), for the physical channel indicating hybrid automatic repeat request (PHICH), for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), etc. Data can be for the shared downlink physical channel (PDSCH), etc. The transmission processor 620 can process (e.g., encode and map symbols) data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmission processor 620 can also generate reference symbols, for example, for the primary synchronization signal (PSS), for the secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and for the cell-specific reference signal.A 630 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission (TX) processor can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, if applicable, and can provide output symbol streams to modulators (MODs) 632a through 632t. Each modulator 632 can process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 632 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators 632a through 632t can be transmitted via antennas 634a through 634t, respectively.

[0089] In EU 115, antennas 652a to 652r can Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 38 / 133 35 / 93 receive downlink signals from base station 105 and can provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 654a through 654r, respectively. Each 654 demodulator can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each 654 demodulator can further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A 656 MIMO detector can receive received symbols from all demodulators 654 through 654r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols, if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receiving processor 658 can process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data to UE 115 for a data store 660, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 680.

[0090] In the uplink, on UE 115, a transmission processor 664 can receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 662 and control information (e.g., for the PUCCH) from the controller / processor 680. The transmission processor 664 can also generate reference symbols for a reference signal. The symbols from the transmission processor 664 can be pre-coded by a TX MIMO processor 666 if applicable, further processed by demodulators 654a to 654r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to base station 105. At base station 105, the uplink signals from UE 115 can be received by antennas 634, processed by modulators Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 39 / 133 36 / 93 632, detected by a MIMO detector 636, if applicable, and further processed by a receiving processor 638 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 115. The processor 638 can provide the decoded data to a data store 646 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 640.

[0091] Controllers / processors 640 and 680 can direct operation on base station 105 and UE 115, respectively. Controller / processor 640 and / or other processors and components on base station 105 can execute or direct the execution of various processes for the techniques described in this document. Controllers / processors 680 and / or other processors and components on UE 115 can also execute or direct the execution of the functional blocks illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 17 and 20 to 22, and / or other processes for the techniques in this document. Memories 642 and 682 can store data and program codes for base station 105 and UE 115, respectively. A programmer 644 can program UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0092] A device, such as a UE, may possess multiple antennas (N) for use in receiving and / or transmitting signals. The device may divide the use and allocation of antennas for use in particular radio access technologies (RATs), such as LTE, Wi-Fi, etc., for particular carrier frequencies or both. For example, the device may use a fixed number of antennas for a carrier in CA cases or may use a fixed number of antennas for Wi-Fi when the device supports both Wi-Fi Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 40 / 133 37 / 93 like other technologies, such as LTE. In one example, a UE might have four antennas and assign two of the antennas to Wi-Fi communication and two antennas to LTE communication. A device, such as a UE, can also dynamically or semi-statically select a number of antennas for a technology or carrier (antenna selection). In such dynamic or semi-static schemes, the sharing or selection can be triggered by a particular measurement result, such as channel quality indicator (CQI), reference signal reception power (RSRP), among others.

[0093] Communication networks, such as LTE, can have both frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM) implementations. Sharing options in FDM implementations don't actually involve sharing different antennas, but rather sharing the frequency spectrum received by the antenna. For example, an UE might use a diplexer / switch to utilize all antennas simultaneously for different air interfaces. The diplexer / switch acts as a filter, filtering out unwanted frequencies. However, in such FDM sharing schemes, there is typically a considerable loss in signal strength as signals are filtered. Such losses can also increase with higher frequency bands. TDM implementations can, in fact, utilize or assign separate antennas for each air interface / technology.Thus, when communications via such air interfaces / technologies are not in use, these antennas are assigned or designated. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 41 / 133 38 / 93 for unused communications may be shared with other air interfaces / technologies. The various aspects of this disclosure are directed to communication systems using TDM implementations.

[0094] Wireless NB communication involves unique challenges due to the limited frequency dimension of the narrowband. One example of such wireless NB communication is NB-IoT, which is limited to a single RB of system bandwidth, for example, 180 kHz. Another example of wireless NB communication is eMTC, which is limited to six RBs of system bandwidth. NB communication can be implemented in a standalone system, for example, in a dedicated spectrum. Multiple users can utilize the narrowband. Although only some of the UEs may be active at any given time, NB communication must support this multi-user capability.

[0095] Additionally, NB communication may need to provide deep coverage, taking into account devices in environments requiring different levels of Coverage Enhancement (CE). For example, some devices may require more than 20 dB of CE, resulting in greater uplink Transmission Time Interval (TTI) aggregation, further limiting timing resources.

[0096] NB-IoT communication can also involve a large cell radius, for example, as much as approximately 35 km. Thus, communication can involve a long delay, such as 200 ps, ​​which can employ a long Cyclic Prefix (CP) length.

[0097] Similar challenges are involved with NB communication using eMTC, for example, with Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 42 / 133 Category 0, low-cost MTC UEs. An MTC UE can be implemented with reduced peak data rates (e.g., a maximum of 1000 bits for a transport block size). Additionally, an MTC UE may be limited to supporting Class 1 transmissions and / or have 1 receiving antenna. When an MTC UE is semi-duplex, the MTC UE may have a relaxed switching timing (switching from transmit to receive or from receive to transmit) compared to legacy or non-MTC UEs according to LTE standards. For example, a non-MTC UE may have a switching timing of approximately 20 microseconds, while an MTC UE may have a switching timing of approximately 1 millisecond.

[0098] MTC UEs can monitor DL ​​control channels in the same way as non-MTC UEs, for example, monitoring broadband signals, monitoring both PDCCH and EPDCCH, etc. Additional MTC enhancements may be supported. Although MTC UEs operate in a narrow band, MTC UEs may also be able to operate in a wider bandwidth system (e.g., 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 MHz). For example, MTC UEs can work in a system bandwidth of 1.4 MHz and can utilize 6 resource blocks (RBs). Additionally, MTC UEs may have enhanced coverage of up to 15 dB.

[0099] In eMTC with extended coverage support, one or more channels can be grouped (e.g., repeated) in the time domain. In particular, grouped M-PDCCH can use multiple subframes to Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 43 / 133 40 / 93 transmission. Resources for an M-PDCCH can be allocated by an eNB according to the requirements for ePDCCH within the narrowband in which an MTC UE is operating.

[00100] The features presented in this document provide wireless communication between the base station and UEs with different bandwidths. The communication may include IoT communication, for example, NB-IoT, eMTC, etc. The features may allow such wireless communication between base stations and UEs with different bandwidths, while operating in unlicensed or shared spectrum.

[00101] There are several regulations regarding wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum. These regulations may vary by country.

[00102] For example, in the United States, there may be regulations relating to the frequency of unlicensed wireless communications, for example, between 2400 and 2483.5 MHz. Digital modulation for such unlicensed wireless communication may include bandwidth limitations, transmission power limitations, etc. For example, wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum may be subject to a minimum bandwidth of 500 kHz, a maximum transmission power of 30 dBm, a maximum Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of 36 dBm, and a maximum transmission power Spectral Density (PSD) of 8 dBm / 3 kHz. For digital modulation operation, there may be no dwell time limits.

[00103] There may also be additional regulations relating to frequency hopping operation. For example, in the United States, frequency hopping Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 44 / 133 Frequency hopping in the unlicensed spectrum is permitted for hopping channels with a maximum bandwidth of 25 kHz and 20 dB. For example, when the output power is less than or equal to 21 dBm, the maximum bandwidth may be 25 kHz and 2 / 3 * 20 dB. Hopping may be required to comprise a pseudo-randomly determined frequency and uniform occupancy for each channel throughout a hopping cycle. Thus, while a pattern may be used, the pattern may be required to be pseudo-random. Receivers may have input bandwidths that correspond with the hopping channel bandwidths of transmitters and may shift frequencies in synchronization with the transmitted channels. The structure or regulations may vary depending on the number of channels used for frequency hopping. For example, for frequency hopping using at least 15 channels, the maximum dwell time may be 0.4 seconds.This can prevent transmissions on a specific channel, provided that a minimum of 15 channels are used for frequency hopping. If at least 75 channels are used, the maximum transmission power can be 30 dBm. If fewer than 75 channels are used, the maximum transmission power can be 21 dBm. Intelligent hopping can be implemented, for example, by allowing you to bypass certain channels per device. However, coordination between multiple devices may not be permitted.

[00104] A hybrid system may employ a combination of frequency hopping and digital modulation techniques. Such a hybrid system may comprise a maximum transmission Power Spectral Density (PSD) of 8 dBm / 3 Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 45 / 133 42 / 93 KHz. Furthermore, the frequency hopping operation of the hybrid system may have a dwell time limit of 0.4 seconds per channel. Thus, the occupancy on any frequency can be regulated not to exceed 0.4 seconds. The number of hopping channels may not be limited.

[00105] In Europe, there are regulations for non-adaptive frequency hopping and for adaptive frequency hopping.

[00106] For non-adaptive frequency hopping, there is a maximum transmission power of 20 dBm and a minimum hopping bandwidth of 100 kHz. For example, Average Usage (MU) may be limited to less than 10%, where MU=(P / 100mW)*DC. P is a transmission power. DC is a duty cycle, which may be stated by the manufacturer based on observations of maximum dwell times.

[00107] In Europe, there may be a maximum of 5 ms in time and a requirement for an interval of at least 5 ms between transmissions.

[00108] There may also be a dwell time of 15 ms at a given frequency in 15 * N ms. In a first option, each hopping frequency in the hopping set may be occupied by at least one in a period of 4N * dwell time. In a second option, the probability of occupation of each frequency may be limited to between 25% of 1 / N and 77% of 1 / N. N is the number of hopping frequencies used.

[00109] A channel bandwidth occupied can be regulated to contain 99% of the transmission power. If the EIRP is greater than 10 dBm, then the bandwidth Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 46 / 133 43 / 93 of the nominal channel may be less than or equal to 5 MHz.

[00110] The equipment can transmit on at least one hopping frequency while other hopping frequencies are blacklisted. Frequencies on the blacklist are considered active for MU calculation. The equipment may need to occupy this frequency during the dwell time.

[00111] For adaptive frequency hopping, there may be a maximum transmission power of 20 dBm, a dwell time of 0.4 s within 0.4s * N, where N is greater than max(15, 15 BW (MHz)). A minimum hopping bandwidth of 100 kHz, it may operate in more than 70% of the band. The MU may be the same as for non-adaptive frequency hopping. A minimum frequency occupancy may be 1 dwell time (DWT) within a period not exceeding 4 * DWT * N. Transmission may be on at least two frequencies.

[00112] At least one of two Detect and Avoid (DAA) methods can be employed. Listen before transmitting (LBT) is an example of a DAA method. For LBT-based DAA, a CCA can be based on a 0.2% observation period at the start of a dwell time with a minimum of 20 ps. When a signal is above a Detection Energy (ED) level, then the frequency can be skipped and is not counted towards the 15-channel requirement. If the channel is not skipped, then the device can wait without transmitting. As another option, the device can perform eCCA with 1 to 5% channel occupancy time. The channel occupancy time can be 60 ms followed by a dwell period of at most (5%, 100 ps), which Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 47 / 133 44 / 93 means 5% of the channel occupancy time (e.g., 3 ms to 60 ms) or 100 ps, ​​whichever is greater. When using LBT-based DAA, if a signal is detected, a hop can be made to the next frequency in the hopping sequence provided the time for a maximum dwell time is respected.

[00113] Another DAA method may involve evaluating channels for the presence of the signal and avoiding those frequencies for a maximum period of (1 second, 5 * N * COT) when the channel is occupied, where COT is a channel occupation time. A maximum COT may be 40 ms, and an inactivity period may have a maximum of (5% of COT, 100 ps) after a COT.

[00114] For broadband modulation, there may be a maximum transmission power of 20 dBm, a maximum transmission PSD of 10 dBm / MHz, and a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz. A transmission sequence may be less than 10 ms with a minimum transmission interval = max(future transmission sequence, 3.5 ms). MU may be similar to unlicensed spectrum. The (MU) may be limited to less than 10% where MU=(P / 100mW)*DC. LBT and non-LBT DAA may be employed.

[00115] Other countries may have different regulations regarding wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum.

[00116] Base Station and UE with different bandwidths

[00117] The aspects presented in this document allow wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum between a base station and UEs possessing different bandwidths. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 48 / 133 45 / 93 Table 1 illustrates a table of examples of possible bandwidth combinations between eNBs and UEs in the unlicensed spectrum. TABLE 1 eNB bandwidth (MHz) UE bandwidth (MHz) Comments 1.4, 5, 10, 20 1.4 eMTC design adaptation 10, 20 5 UE Broadband Capacity 5 5 Coverage Extension based on MF 1.0 FS3 design (UL waveform may be different) 10 10 20 20

[00118] In one example, the base station may be a broadband eNB, or another base station capable of broadband communication, and the UE may be a UE NB. For example, the UE may have a bandwidth of 1.08 MHz. The eNB may be base station 105, 105-A, 105-b or the UE may be UE 115, 115-A, 115-b.

[00119] The eNB can perform the LBT operation before transmitting, while the UE can transmit to the eNB without performing an LBT operation. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate illustrative aspects of illustrative LBT operations. FIG. 7 illustrates an illustrative frame structure 700 for communication between a broadband eNB and a UE NB. As illustrated, at the beginning of each frame, the eNB can perform an LBT 702. The eNB can then transmit for the duration of the frame. The duration of the LBT 702 portion of the frame, the Uplink (UL) 706 portion of the frame, and the Downlink (DL) 704 portion of the frame can be configured by the eNB. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 49 / 133 46 / 93

[00120] A 20 MHz eNB can be implemented using a digital modulation mode or a hybrid mode. An eNB of up to 5 MHz can be implemented using a frequency hopping mode. Thus, in one example, the eNB may have a bandwidth of 5 MHz and the UE may have a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz.

[00121] In one example, the 700 frame structure of FIG. 7 may have a duration of 40 ms. In this example, up to 10 frames may be transmitted at each hopping frequency, for example, for a maximum dwell time of 400 ms at a frequency. The number of frames may be a function of the bandwidth supported by the eNB, for example, as the number of narrow bands in a given bandwidth through which the UE hops is a function of the eNB bandwidth.

[00122] As the duration of LBT 702, the DL 704 part, and the UL 706 part can be configured by the eNB, for the 40 ms frame, the DL duration can be 8 ms, the UL duration can be 30 ms, and the LBT duration can be 2 ms for heavy UL communication. For heavy DL communication, the DL duration can be 28 ms, the UL duration can be 10 ms, and the LBT duration can be 2 ms.

[00123] A 5% downtime period can be important, for example, to meet regulatory requirements. In order to achieve this downtime period, the UL 706 frame duration can be applied to the downtime period. Thus, when there are 2 UL subframes in a frame duration, the downtime period for the eNB can be met. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 50 / 133 47 / 93

[00124] The initial CCA requirements for LBT operation on 702 may have a viewing period of at least 40 ms * 0.002. In the example of a 40 ms frame, the CCA viewing period may be 80 ps. However, in another example, at least 200 ps of channel viewing period may be used to cover a 2-symbol retuning interval used in eMTC applications by UEs.

[00125] The LBT procedure may include executing CCA or eCCA, as described in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 8 illustrates the 800 frame structure having an example duration for an initial 802 CCA and an extended 804 CCA.

[00126] If a base station transmitted on a previous frame or if the current frame is the first frame on a frequency, the base station may attempt an initial 802 CCA within the first 200 ps of the frame. If the initial 802 CCA is successful, the base station may transmit a reserve signal for 1.8 ms, and then may initiate frame transmission, for example, 704, 706. If the base station did not transmit on the previous frame on a frequency, the base station may wait until the CCA location for the next frame boundary and may attempt the eCCA again.

[00127] If the initial 802 CCA fails, the base station may begin performing eCCA for a duration between, for example, 400ps up to 1.8ms. If the eCCA is unsuccessful, the base station may wait until the CCA location for the next frame boundary and may attempt eCCA again.

[00128] The station's total transmission time Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 51 / 133 48 / 93 base can be 1.8ms / 0.05=36ms. Thus, the maximum duration of DL 704 can be 36ms and a minimum duration of UL 706 can be 4ms for each frame. The minimum UL of 4ms provides a period of inactivity for the base station.

[00129] A frame structure may differ in the first frame or in a number of initial frames at a given hopping frequency. For example, there may be a minimum number of subframes in each burst that may function as anchor DL ​​subframes that are always present when the base station gains access to the medium via CCA / eCCA. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a 900 frame structure having DL parts 904a, 904b of different durations and UL parts 906a, 906b of different durations. Although LBT parts 902a, 902b may be configured differently for different frames, in FIG. 9, LBT parts 90sa, 902b are the same. Similarly, idle periods 908a, 908b are illustrated as having the same duration.

[00130] Therefore, the base station has the ability to configure the duration of DL 904, 904b and the duration of UL 906a, 906b based on the information to be communicated. For example, heavy DL frames may carry more DL and UL grants or network signaling messages, such as paging and System Information Blocks (SIBs).

[00131] Concentrating base station transmissions, for example, in the DL 904a portion, has the potential to reduce UE power consumption by reducing the amount of time the UE monitors the medium. Channel estimation gains can also be obtained due to a transmission Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, p. 52 / 133 49 / 93 longer on a single frequency or due to gapless transmission.

[00132] In one example, the DL-UL portion in each of the frames can be configurable in the long term. The DL-UL portion can be signaled, for example, by RRC signaling or through an indication in a SIB.

[00133] Allowed frame structures can be defined, stored in a table, etc. The base station can then signal the adopted frame structure to the UE. For example, the base station can signal the adopted frame structure to the UE using a SIB. This would allow the base station to change the frame structure after each SIB modification period.

[00134] As discussed above, the UE can transmit UL communication during the duration of UL, for example, 706, 906a, 906b without performing an LBT. Thus, the UE can transmit to the base station when it receives a grant from the base station, for example, during the duration of DL 704, 904a, 904b. A base station transmission is detectable for all common UE signals, for example, PSS / SSS. However, detecting the UE transmission at the base station can consume significant amounts of overhead. By removing the requirement for the UE to perform the LBT, this overhead can be reduced. Transmitting the UE's UL communication to the base station also reduces power consumption in the UE due to simpler overall operation. Regulations may impose stricter restrictions on transmission characteristics for transmissions sent without an LBT.

[00135] For example, European regulations Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 53 / 133 50 / 93 may require a 5ms on-time followed by a 5ms off-time. The on-time is cumulative at any frequency. There may be a maximum dwell time of 15ms at any given frequency in 4*15*Nms, where N is a number of hopping frequencies.

[00136] Therefore, the UE can utilize a frame structure comprising a transmission unit having an on period of 5 ms and an off period of 5 ms. This allows a UE to meet regulatory compliance by design. This modular structure of transmission units allows for changes when off periods are not required in a region. FIG. Figure 10 illustrates an example of a UL 1000 transmission unit having a first part comprising an ON period of 5ms 1002 followed by a second part comprising an OFF period of 5ms 1004. The UL duration, for example, 706, 906a, 906b, can be divided into several 1000 transmission units. Each frame can comprise 1, 2, or 3 UL 1000 transmission units, for example, 10ms, 20ms, or 30ms UL transmissions, depending on the configuration selected by the base station or based on a specification.This can simplify the signaling aspects and UE procedures as a whole number of transmission units (ULs) can be contained in a single frame. In order to efficiently utilize the broadband base station capacity, different UEs can be multiplexed into each transmission unit.

[00137] FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which the transmission unit for a second UE (UE 2) can be configured opposite to that of the first UE (UE 1). For example, Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 54 / 133 51 / 93 in the first 5 ms, the transmission unit for UE1 has an ON period of 1002, while UE2 has an OFF period of 1006. Similarly, the second 5 ms of transmission unit 1000 is an OFF period for UE1 1004 and an ON period for UE2 1008. Thus, the ON / OFF parts of the transmission units for different UEs can be interleaved in order to make efficient use of resources at the base station.

[00138] Aspects may include grouping of UL data channels to the UE. For example, the same redundancy version (RV) and scrambling sequence may be applied to DMRS and PUSCH during the 5 ms period on each transmission unit to the UE.

[00139] For UL push programming, when the UE needs fewer than 5 subframes, the push can be programmed within one transmission unit, for example, 1000. As illustrated in FIG. 10, other UEs can be multiplexed into the remaining resources, for example, during the OFF period 1004, etc. When the UE needs more than 5 subframes for its UL transmission, the base station can program push to the UE in multiple 1000 transmission units. The UL start delay can also be specified from the base station to the UE in terms of 1000 transmission units.

[00140] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an 1100 frame structure for narrowband UEs (e.g., 115, 115-a, 115-b, 1350, 1902, 1902', 2250) to hop within a channel occupation of a broadband base station (e.g., 105, 105-a, 105-b, 1950, 2202, 2202'). The 1100 frame structure includes a part Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 55 / 133 52 / 93 LBT 1102 at the beginning of the frame, during which the base station can perform CCA / eCCA. The LBT 1102 portion can correspond to LBT durations 702, 902a, 902b. Frame structure 1100 includes a DL 1104 portion and a UL portion comprising three transmission units 1106, 1108, 1110. The DL 1104 portion can correspond to DL durations 704, 904a, 904b. The UL portion, composed of transmission units 1106, 1108, 1110, can correspond to UL durations 706, 906a, 906b.

[00141] The 1100 frame structure comprises several NB channels, for example, NB1, NB2, NB3, NB4. As described in this application, the base station may be able to transmit or receive over a wider bandwidth than the UEs with which the base station communicates. For example, each of the UEs may only be able to transmit or receive on a single NB channel, whereas the base station is able to transmit and receive over several NB channels.

[00142] NB UEs can utilize a frequency hopping pattern of UL within the broadband base station channel occupancy. In a first example, the UE can transmit UL transmissions to the base station using frequency hopping through transmission units within a frame, as in FIG. 11. FIG. 11 illustrates an example for an RB 25 e 5 MHz eNB. In the example of FIG. 1, a first UE transmits UL transmission on NB1 to transmission unit 1, on NB2 to transmission unit 2, and on NB4 to transmission unit 4. Thus, the UE hops NB frequency channels within the base station bandwidth for base station channel occupancy during the frame. After the frame, the UE can Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 56 / 133 53 / 93 jump to a different frequency according to a corresponding frequency hopping by the base station. In another example, the UE can transmit UL transmissions to the base station using frequency hopping through frames with the same NB being used within each frame. For example, the UE can transmit a maximum of 3 UL transmission units on a given NB channel before moving to a new NB channel.

[00143] The UE can perform frequency hopping at two levels between NB channels. First, the UE can hop within the base station's NB channels using a hopping frequency with a fixed pattern, for example, similar to the hopping pattern in FIG. 11. Second, the base station and the UE can hop across the entire unlicensed frequency band, for example, in accordance with any regulatory requirements on the hopping.

[00144] The number of frames per frequency before executing the second hop in which the base station and the UE hop to a new frequency may be a function of the number of DL subframes in the frame structure and the number of narrowbands in which the UE can hop within the base station's channel occupancy.

[00145] A number of narrowbands can be defined for IoT, for example, NB-IoT and / or eMTC. For example, eMTC bandwidths of 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz result in 4 narrowbands, 8 narrowbands, and 16 narrowbands, respectively, through which the UE can hop within the base station channel occupancy. FIG. 11 illustrates 4 narrowbands in which the UE can hop. In eMTC, only two narrowbands can be Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 57 / 133 54 / 93 provided for all channels, and up to 4 channels can be for PDCCH / PDSCH only.

[00146] In a first example, for a base station bandwidth of 5MHz, 4 frames per frequency are 160ms, which corresponds to 12 UL transmission units per hopping frequency in all frames. The UE can use 3 transmission units per narrowband for a total of 12 transmission units across the 4 frames.

[00147] In a second example, for a base station having a bandwidth of 10MHz, 8 frames per frequency are 320ms, which corresponds to 24 transmission units of UL per hopping frequency in all frames. The UE can use 3 transmission units per narrowband for a total of 24 transmission units across the 8 frames.

[00148] A broadband base station provides greater capacity in a single base station to serve multiple UEs simultaneously. This reduces the number of base stations that need to be deployed and therefore reduces the cost required to serve a given number of users. A broadband base station also allows for a longer dwell time per NB channel, as UEs can hop within the band with the base station's bandwidth occupied. By using different hopping patterns at different base stations, a network can avoid interference from transmissions in other cells. For example, N hopping frequencies used by the base station implies that N different base stations within an area can coexist without any interference in a controlled environment. The choice of N may depend on regulations or Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 58 / 133 55 / 93 of the bandwidth chosen by the base station. The choice of N can also be based on the minimum number of frequencies the UE needs to transmit. Although different DL / UL configurations can be used for each base station in a frame, interference from nearby base stations can be avoided by using hopping. This allows different base stations to have different DL-UL configurations in each frame, without any mixed interference scenario.

[00149] As illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, and 11, each of the base station's DL transmissions can be blocked with an LBT at the beginning of the frame. This can affect MPDCCH replays. For a small number of replays, the MPDCCH can be transmitted in one frame. For a larger number of replays, the MPDCCH can measure multiple frames, each frame having an independent LBT. It may be simpler for the base station to transmit all replays of the DL grants within one frame. Some DL lift frames, for example, similar to 904a, may be sufficient to allow this option without an impact on coverage. In a different example, when the MPDCCH measures multiple frames, then the MPDCCH can be blocked by an LBT, or it can be delayed, for example, until a subsequent frame sent by the base station.For both options, the UE needs to be able to accurately determine if the base station is transmitting so that it can smoothly match the information across the frames. A delayed MPDCCH can affect other UE schedules, as UEs may only be awake during a discontinuous reception (DRX) period.

[00150] Similarly, MPDSCH transmissions Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, page 59 / 133 56 / 93 can measure multiple frames. If the UE receives a DL grant from the base station, then the base station has a similar option to postpone the MPDSCH transmission or to block the MPDSCH transmission with an LBT procedure.

[00151] The selection between blocking or delaying the MPDCCH or MPDSCH can be made dynamically by the base station or can be based on a specification. For example, the base station can dynamically select whether to block or delay the MPDCCH or MPDSCH based on the interference environment, based on a probability of the UE losing the transmission from the base station, and / or on a probability of the UE falsely detecting a non-existent transmission from the base station. The dynamic selection can be based on the reliability with which the UE can detect whether the base station transmission is on or off.

[00152] In contrast, LBT may not have a major impact on UL transmissions, such as MPUCCH or MPUSCH. The UE can transmit to the base station without performing an LBT operation. The UE can transmit MPUCCH and MPUSCH in a frame even if the base station does not transmit during the DL subframes. For MPRACH, when resources are allocated by a specific cell configuration, the UE can attempt RACH transmissions at a designated time, for example, without LBT.

[00153] FIG. 12 is a flowchart 1200 of a wireless communication method. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105a, 105-b, device 1302 / 1302') communicating wirelessly with a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 1350). Optional aspects in FIG. 12 are illustrated using a Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 60 / 133 57 / 93 dashed line. Wireless communication may include eMTC in an unlicensed or shared spectrum. The base station may perform an LBT operation at the beginning of a frame, before transmitting the downlink communication to the UE, for example, as described in connection with FIGS. 4, 5 and 8. The base station may transmit a downlink communication to a UE in an unlicensed spectrum using a first bandwidth and may receive the uplink communication from a UE using a second, narrower bandwidth, for example, as described in connection with FIGS. 7, 9 and 11. Thus, the base station may communicate with a narrowband UE using a narrowband and may also be able to communicate as a wideband base station.

[00154] As illustrated in FIG. 12, at 1202, the base station executes a double CCA procedure for a frame. The double CCA procedure at 1202 can be executed when the base station is transmitted on a previous frame, or before the base station transmits the frame as a first frame on a frequency, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 8. The double CCA procedure may comprise a first type of CCA procedure followed by a second type of CCA procedure when the first CCA procedure is unsuccessful. Thus, at 1208, the base station may execute a first type of CCA procedure. At 1210, the base station may determine whether the first type of CCA procedure was successful. If not, at 1214, the base station may execute a second type of CCA procedure.

[00155] In 1204, the base station can transmit Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 61 / 133 58 / 93 during the frame when at least one CCA procedure of the dual CCA procedure is successful. In 1206, the base station may refrain from transmitting during the frame when both CCA procedures of the dual CCA procedure are unsuccessful.

[00156] The first type of CCA procedure may comprise CCA and the second type of CCA procedure may comprise eCCA. Thus, on 1208, the base station may execute CCA for a first time period and may execute eCCA for a second time period on 1212 when the CCA on 1210 is unsuccessful. The second time period, for example, to execute eCCA, may be longer than the first time period, for example, to execute CCA.

[00157] When the CCA is determined to be successful on 1210, the base station may transmit a backup signal on 1216, and may transmit a frame transmission on 1218 following the backup signal. Similarly, when the CCA is unsuccessful, even if the eCCA is determined to be successful on 1214, the base station may transmit a backup signal on 1216, and may transmit a frame transmission on 1218 following the backup signal. When the eCCA is successful, the length of the backup signal is based on the time from the successful eCCA to the frame boundary. Then, the frame transmission is initiated. Thus, the backup signal fills the interval between the eCCA and the frame boundary.

[00158] When neither CCA nor eCCA is successful, the base station can, at 1220, wait until the next CCA location is available at a later frame boundary. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 62 / 133 59 / 93 So, in 1222, the base station can execute the second type of CCA procedure, for example, the eCCA, at the next CCA location.

[00159] A first transmission time corresponding to the first type of CCA procedure in 1208 can be independent of a first duration of the first type of CCA, and a second transmission time corresponding to the second CCA procedure in 1212 can be based on a second duration of the second type of CCA. Thus, the transmission time for CCA can be independent of the CCA duration, while for eCCA, the transmission time is a function of the eCCA duration. The eCCA duration can be shorter if the downlink transmission time is shorter. To align the initial transmission times for different frame structures, each of which has a different downlink duration, a variable length of reserve signal time can be applied. Alternatively, eCCA can be initiated later so that the end of eCCA coincides with the subframe boundary where data transmission begins.

[00160] The base station can receive UL communication from the UE without an LBT operation from the UE. Thus, the framework may include an LBT portion, for example, 702, 902a, 902b, a part of DL, for example, 704, 904a, 904b; and a portion of UL, for example, 706, 906a, 906b. The eNB can transmit downlink communication or receive uplink communication during the duration of a frame after the LBT operation is performed, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The LBT operation duration, a downlink duration, and an uplink frame duration can be configured by Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 63 / 133 60 / 93 eNB. In order to configure these durations, the eNB can select a frame structure having a defined downlink duration and a defined uplink duration. The eNB can then signal the selected frame structure to the UE.

[00161] FIG. 13 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1300 illustrating the data flow between the different media / components in an illustrative apparatus 1302. The apparatus may be a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-A, 105-B). The apparatus includes a receiving component 1304 configured to receive uplink communication from at least one UE 1350, and a transmitting component 1306 configured to transmit DL communication to at least one UE 1350. Wireless communication may comprise eMTC in an unlicensed or shared spectrum.

[00162] The device may include a dual CCA component 1308 configured to perform an unimpeded dual CCA procedure for a frame, where the dual CCA procedure comprises a first type of CCA procedure, for example, CCA, followed by a second type of CCA procedure, for example, eCCA, when the first type of CCA procedure is unsuccessful. Thus, the dual CCA component 1308 may include a CCA component 1310 and an eCCA component 1312. The device may include a CCA determination component 1314 configured to determine whether the first type of CCA procedure and / or the second type of CCA procedure were successful. When one of the types of CCA procedures was successful, the CCA determination component 1314 may be configured to indicate to Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 64 / 133 61 / 93 a transmission component (for example, any one of 1306, 1316, or 1318) to transmit during the frame. When both CCA procedures of the dual CCA procedure are unsuccessful, the determination component 1314 may indicate to refrain from transmitting during the frame. The device may include a reserve component 1316 configured to transmit a reserve signal when one of the CCA procedures is successful and a frame transmission component 1318 configured to transmit a frame transmission following the reserve signal. When both CCA and eCCA are unsuccessful, the CCA determination component may be configured to cause the device to wait until a next CCA location at a next frame boundary and execute eCCA at the next CCA location.

[00163] The device may include additional components that execute each of the algorithm blocks in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 12. Thus, each block in the flowchart mentioned above in FIGS. 12 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the processes / algorithms, implemented by a processor configured to execute the aforementioned processes / algorithms, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00164] FIG. 14 is a diagram 1400 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1302' employing a processing system 1414. The processing system 1414 can be implemented with a Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 65 / 133 62 / 93 bus architecture, generally represented by the 1424 bus. The 1424 bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the 1414 processing system and general design constraints. The 1424 bus connects various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 1404 processor, the 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318 components, and the 1406 computer-readable / memory medium. The 1424 bus may also connect various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00165] The 1414 processing system can be coupled with a 1410 transceiver. The 1410 transceiver is coupled with one or more 1420 antennas. The 1410 transceiver provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. The 1410 transceiver receives a signal from one or more 1420 antennas, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the 1414 processing system, specifically the 1304 receiving component. Additionally, the 1410 transceiver receives information from the 1414 processing system, specifically the 1306 transmitting component, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more 1420 antennas. The 1414 processing system includes a 1404 processor coupled with a computer-readable medium / memory 1406. The 1404 processor is responsible Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 66 / 133 63 / 93 for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1406. The software, when executed by the processor 1404, causes the processing system 1414 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 1406 may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor 1404 when executing the software. The processing system 1414 additionally includes at least one of the components 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318. The components may be software components running on the processor 1404, residing / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1406, one or more hardware components coupled with the processor 1404, or some combination thereof.The 1414 processing system may be a component of the 105 base station and may include the 642 memory and / or at least one of the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor.

[00166] In one configuration, the 1302 / 1302' apparatus for wireless communication includes means for performing a dual free channel assessment (CCA) procedure for a frame, means for transmitting, means for refraining from transmitting, means for transmitting a reserve signal when the CCA / eCCA is successful, and means for transmitting a frame transmission following the reserve signal. The aforementioned means may be one or more of the components mentioned above of the 1302 apparatus and / or the 1414 processing system of the 1302' apparatus configured to perform the functions mentioned by the aforementioned means. As described above, the 1414 processing system may Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 67 / 133 64 / 93 includes the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means can be the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor configured to perform the functions cited by the aforementioned means.

[00167] FIG. 15 is a 1500 flowchart of a wireless communication method. The method can be implemented by an UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 1350, device 1602, 1602') communicating wirelessly with a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105b, device 1302 / 1302'). The wireless communication may comprise eMTC. Optional aspects of the method are illustrated with a dashed line. In 1508, the EU segments an uplink duration in each frame into several transmission units for each of the frequencies, where the structure comprises an integer number of transmission units, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 10.

[00168] In 1510, the UE transmits uplink communication based on several transmission units, where each transmission unit comprises at least one on period and at least one off period corresponding to each of the various frequencies, where during an on period, the UE transmits uplink communication on the corresponding frequency and during an off period the UE refrains from transmitting uplink communication on the corresponding frequency.

[00169] In one example, each transmission unit may comprise multiple on periods and multiple off periods. The on period(s) and the Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 68 / 133 65 / 93 off periods can be configured by a base station for each frame type. Thus, the UE can receive an on / off period configuration from the base station on 1502. In another example, both the on and off periods can be specified for each frame type.

[00170] In one example, each on period may be shorter than each off period. In another example, each on period may have the same length as each off period. For example, each on period may have a duration of 5 ms and each off period may have a duration of 5 ms.

[00171] The transmission units of the UE can be multiplexed with the second transmission units of a second UE, where the on period of the UE transmission units corresponds to a second off period of the second transmission units of the second UE, and the off period of the UE transmission units corresponds to a second on period for the second transmission units of the second UE, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 10. As described in connection with FIG. 10, an uplink duration in each frame can be divided into several transmission periods. While FIG. This illustrates an example with two periods; different numbers of transmission periods can be provided within the uplink duration. Thus, in an example with three UEs, there can be three periods, and each UE can have one period on and the remaining two periods as one off period. The linked periods for UEs can be interleaved for constant spectrum use. In a Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 69 / 133 66 / 93 example with four UEs, each UE can be configured with a single on period followed by three off periods, so as to allow the on periods for the four UEs to be interleaved with each other.

[00172] The UE can transmit the communication on 1510 without performing an LBT procedure. In another example, the UE can transmit the uplink communication on 1510 subject to an LBT procedure on each transmission unit. In yet another example, the UE can transmit the uplink communication on 1510 subject to an LBT procedure on each linked period.

[00173] The UE can receive, in 1504, the uplink schedule from a base station in schedule units based on the transmission units. The uplink communication can be transmitted in 1510 based on the uplink schedule received in 1504.

[00174] The UE may receive, in 1506, an uplink start delay in programming units based on transmission units. Uplink communication may be transmitted in 1510 based on the uplink start delay received in 1506.

[00175] DMRS transmissions and PUSCH transmissions within the same transmission unit can be based on the same RV and the same scrambling sequence.

[00176] FIG. 16 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1600 illustrating the data flow between different media / components in an illustrative device 1602. The device may be a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 1350). The device includes a receiving component 1604 that Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 70 / 133 67 / 93 receives downlink communication 1601 from a base station 1650 (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, device 1302 / 1302') and a transmit component 1606 that transmits uplink communication 1603 to base station 1650. Wireless communication may comprise eMTC. The device may include a segmentation component 1610 configured to segment an uplink duration in each frame into multiple transmit units for each frequency, where a frame comprises an integer number of transmit units. The on period and off period may be configured by a base station or specified for each frame type. Therefore, the device may include a configuration component 1608 configured to receive an on / off period configuration(s) from base station 1650.The 1606 transmission component can be configured to transmit uplink communication based on the various transmission units, where each transmission unit comprises at least one on period and at least one off period corresponding to each of the various frequencies, where during an on period, the UE transmits uplink communication on the corresponding frequency and during an off period the UE refrains from transmitting uplink communication on the corresponding frequency. The device may include a 1612 uplink programming component configured to receive uplink programming from a base station in the programming units based on the transmission units. The 1606 transmission component can transmit uplink communication based on the received uplink programming. The device may include a component of... Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 71 / 133 68 / 93 transmission delay 1614 is configured to receive an uplink start delay in programming units based on transmission units. Transmission component 1606 can delay uplink transmission based on the received uplink start delay.

[00177] The device may include additional components that execute each of the blocks of the algorithm in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 15. Thus, each block in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 15 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the processes / algorithm mentioned above, implemented by a processor configured to execute the processes / algorithm mentioned above, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00178] FIG. 17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1602' employing a processing system 1714. The processing system 1714 can be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by the bus 1724. The bus 1724 can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 1714 and the general design constraints. The bus 1724 connects various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the processor 1704, the components 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612, 1614, and the computer-readable medium / memory 1706. The bus Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 72 / 133 69 / 93 The 1724 can also connect various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00179] The 1714 processing system can be coupled to a 1710 transceiver. The 1710 transceiver is coupled with one or more 1720 antennas. The 1710 transceiver provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. Transceiver 1710 receives a signal from one or more antennas 1720, extracts information from the received signal, and provides information extracted from the processing system 1714, specifically the receiving component 1604. Additionally, transceiver 1710 receives information from the processing system 1714, specifically the transmitting component 1606, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 1720. The processing system 1714 includes a processor 1704 coupled with a computer-readable medium / memory 1706. The processor 1704 is responsible for overall processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1706.The software, when executed by the 1704 processor, causes the 1714 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 1706 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 1704 processor when executing the software. The 1714 processing system additionally includes at least one of the following... Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 73 / 133 70 / 93 components 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612, 1614. The components may be software components running on processor 1704, resident / stored in computer-readable medium / memory 1706, one or more hardware components coupled with processor 1704, or some combination thereof. The 1714 processing system may be a component of UE 115 and may include memory 682 and / or at least one of the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the controller / processor 680.

[00180] In one configuration, the 1602 / 1602' wireless communication apparatus includes means for segmenting an uplink duration in each frame into multiple transmission units for each frequency, where a frame comprises an integer number of transmission units, means for transmitting uplink communication based on the various transmission units, where each transmission unit comprises at least one on period and at least one off period corresponding to each of the various frequencies, where during an on period the UE transmits uplink communication on the corresponding frequency and during an off period the UE refrains from transmitting uplink communication on the corresponding frequency, means for receiving on / off period configuration from a base station, means for receiving uplink programming from a base station in programming units based on the transmission units,and means to receive an uplink start delay in programming units based on transmission units.

[00181] The 1714 processing system may be a component of the 115 UE and may include 682 memory. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 74 / 133 71 / 93 and / or at least one of the following: TX 664 processor, RX 658 processor, and 680 controller / processor.

[00182] The means mentioned above may be one or more of the components mentioned above of the 1602 apparatus and / or the 1714 processing system of the 1602 apparatus configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means mentioned above. As described above, the 1714 processing system may include the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the 680 controller / processor. Thus, in one configuration, the means mentioned above may be the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the 680 controller / processor configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means mentioned above.

[00183] FIG. 18 is an 1800 flowchart of a wireless communication method. Wireless communication can include IoT communication, for example, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2250, device 1902, 1902') configured for wireless communication with a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 1950, device 2202 / 2202'). In 1802, the UE transmits uplink transmissions in multiple transmit units. The user equipment can transmit the uplink transmissions without performing an LBT procedure at the beginning of a frame.

[00184] In 1804, the UE hopping frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hopping pattern, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 11. The first pattern may comprise a fixed pattern.

[00185] Uplink transmissions can be Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 75 / 133 72 / 93 transmitted based on double-hop patterns, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 11. Therefore, in 1806, the UE can also hop frequency in a second pattern through the transmitting units within the base station channel occupancy within a frame. The base station channel occupancy may comprise a narrowband within a designated frequency range. The user equipment transmits the uplink transmissions to the same narrowband within the corresponding base station channel occupancy in each frame. An uplink narrowband and a downlink narrowband for wireless communication may be different.

[00186] Thus, in the transmission of the uplink transmission in 1802, the user equipment can hop based on 1804 and 1806.

[00187] The user's equipment may transmit up to a maximum number of transmission units per frequency before hopping frequency bands. The maximum number may be based on the number of downlink subframes in a frame structure and the number of narrowbands the user's equipment may hop on.

[00188] FIG. 19 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1900 illustrating the data flow between the different media / components in an illustrative device 1902. The device may be a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115a, 115-b, 2250). The device includes a receiving component 1904 that receives downlink communication 1901 from a base station 1950 (e.g., base station 105, 105a, 105-b, device 2202 / 2202') and a transmitting component 1906 that transmits uplink communication 1903 Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 76 / 133 73 / 93 for base station 1950. Wireless communication may include IoT communication, for example, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The device may comprise a 1908 transmit unit component configured to transmit uplink transmissions in multiple transmit units and a first 1910 hop pattern component configured to hop frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hop pattern. The device may also include a second 1912 hop pattern component configured to hop in a second pattern through transmit units within the base station channel occupancy within a frame, where uplink transmissions are transmitted based on double hop patterns.

[00189] The device may include additional components that execute each of the blocks of the algorithm in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 18. Thus, each block in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 18 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the processes / algorithm mentioned above, implemented by a processor configured to execute the processes / algorithm mentioned above, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00190] FIG. 20 is a diagram 2000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device 1902' employing a processing system 2014. The processing system 2014 can be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 77 / 133 74 / 93 2024 bus. The 2024 bus can generally include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the 2014 processing system and general design constraints. The 2024 bus connects various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 2004 processor, the 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912 components, and the computer-readable / memory 2006 medium. The 2024 bus can also connect various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00191] The 2014 processing system can be coupled with a 2010 transceiver. The 2010 transceiver is coupled with one or more 2020 antennas. The 2010 transceiver provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. The transceiver 2010 receives a signal from one or more antennas of 2020, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 2014, specifically the reception component 1904. Additionally, the 2010 transceiver receives information from the 2014 processing system, specifically the 1906 transmission component, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more 2020 antennas. The 2014 processing system includes a 2004 processor coupled with a computer-readable medium / memory 2006. The 2004 processor is responsible for general processing, including software execution. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 78 / 133 75 / 93 stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2006. The software, when executed by the 2004 processor, causes the 2014 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 2006 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 2004 processor when executing the software. The 2014 processing system additionally includes at least one of the components 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912. The components can be software components running on the 2004 processor, residing / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2006, one or more hardware components coupled with the 2004 processor, or some combination thereof. The 2014 processing system may be a component of UE 115 and may include the 682 memory and / or at least one of the following: TX 664 processor, RX 658 processor, and 680 controller / processor.

[00192] In one configuration, the 1902 / 1902' apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting uplink transmissions in multiple transmitting units, means for hopping frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hopping pattern, and means for hopping in a second pattern through transmitting units within the base station channel occupation within a frame.

[00193] The means mentioned above may be one or more of the components mentioned above of the 1902 apparatus and / or the 2014 processing system of the 1902 apparatus configured to perform the functions cited by the means mentioned above. As described above, the system of Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 79 / 133 76 / 93 processing 2014 may include the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the 680 controller / processor. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the 680 controller / processor configured to perform the functions cited by the aforementioned means.

[00194] FIG. 21 is a flowchart 2100 of a wireless communication method. Wireless communication can include IoT communication, for example, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The method can be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 1950, device 2202 / 2202') configured to communicate wirelessly with a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2250, device 1902, 1902'). In 2102, the base station hops frequency bands in a first pattern through frames based on a base station hopping pattern, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 11. In 2104, the base station receives uplink transmissions in a narrow band from a UE in multiple transmission units within the frequency bands based on the base station's hopping pattern.Uplink transmission can be received from user equipment based on double-hop patterns, where the UE hops a second pattern through the transmit units within the base station's channel occupancy within a frame. Uplink transmission can be received from user equipment in the same narrowband within the corresponding base station channel occupancy in each frame.

[00195] The base station may comprise a broadband base station. Therefore, the base station may Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 80 / 133 77 / 93 multiplexing communication with multiple narrowband UEs in 2106.

[00196] The uplink transmission can be received in a narrow uplink band, and the base station can transmit downlink communication to the user equipment in a narrow downlink band, where the narrow uplink band is different from the narrow downlink band in 2108.

[00197] The base station can hop frequency channels in the first pattern through frames in coordination with at least one neighboring base station to occupy different frequency channels than at least one neighboring base station. The hopping can be performed through multiple frequency channels, the number being based on the bandwidth used by the base station. The number may additionally be based on a minimum number of frequencies required by the user's equipment.

[00198] FIG. 22 shows a conceptual data flow diagram 2200 illustrating the data flow between different media / components in an illustrative device 2202. The device may be a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 1950). The device includes a receiving component 2204 that receives UL communication from a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2250, device 1902, 1902') and a transmitting component 2206 that transmits a downlink communication to UE 2250. Wireless communication may include IoT communication, e.g., eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The device may include a hopping component 2208 configured to hop frequency bands in a first-frame-based pattern. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 81 / 133 78 / 93 in a base station hopping pattern. The 2204 receiving component can be configured to receive uplink transmissions in a narrow band from a user UE in multiple transmit units within the frequency bands based on the base station hopping pattern. The uplink transmission can be received from the user equipment based on double hopping patterns, where the UE hops in a second pattern through the transmit units within the base station channel occupancy within a frame. The uplink transmission can be received from the user equipment in the same narrow band within the corresponding base station channel occupancy in each frame.

[00199] The device may comprise a broadband base station and may include a 2210 multiplexing component configured to multiplex communication with multiple narrowband UEs.

[00200] The uplink transmission can be received in a narrow uplink band. The 2206 transmission component is configured to transmit the downlink communication to the user equipment in a narrow downlink band, where the uplink narrowband is different from the downlink narrowband.

[00201] The device may include additional components that execute each of the algorithm blocks in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 21. Thus, each block in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 21 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more specifically configured hardware components. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 82 / 133 79 / 93 to perform the processes / algorithm mentioned above, implemented by a processor configured to execute the processes / algorithm mentioned above, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00202] FIG. 23 is a diagram 2300 illustrating an illustrative hardware implementation for an apparatus 2202' employing a processing system 2314. The processing system 2314 can be implemented with a bus architecture, usually represented by the bus 2324. The bus 2324 can generally include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 2314 and the general design constraints. The 2324 bus connects several circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 2304 processor, the 2204, 2206, 2208, and 2210 components, and the 2306 computer-readable medium / memory. The 2324 bus also connects several other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00203] The 2314 processing system can be coupled with a 2310 transceiver. The 2310 transceiver is coupled with one or more 2320 antennas. The 2310 transceiver provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. The 2310 transceiver receives a signal from one or more 2320 antennas, extracts information from the received signal, and provides Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 83 / 133 80 / 93 information is extracted for the processing system 2314, specifically the receiving component 2204. Additionally, the transceiver 2310 receives information from the processing system 2314, specifically the transmitting component 2206, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 2320. The processing system 2314 includes a processor 2304 coupled with the computer-readable medium / memory 2306. The processor 2304 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2306. The software, when executed by the processor 2304, causes the processing system 2314 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 2306 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor 2304 when executing the software.The 2314 processing system additionally includes at least one of the 2204, 2206, 2208, or 2210 components. The components may be software components running on the 2304 processor, residing / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2306, one or more hardware components coupled with the 2304 processor, or some combination thereof. The 2314 processing system may be a component of the 105 base station and may include memory 642 and / or at least one of the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the controller / processor 640.

[00204] In one configuration, the 2202 / 2202 device for wireless communication includes means for frequency band hopping in a first standard. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 84 / 133 81 / 93 through frames based on a base station hopping pattern, means to receive uplink transmissions in a narrowband from a user equipment (UE) in multiple transmission units within the frequency bands based on the base station hopping pattern, means to multiplex communication with multiple narrowband UEs, and means to transmit downlink communication to the user equipment in a narrowband downlink, where the narrowband uplink is different from the narrowband downlink. The aforementioned means may be one or more of the components mentioned above of the 2202 apparatus and / or the 2314 processing system of the 2202 apparatus configured to perform the functions mentioned by the aforementioned means. As described above, the 2314 processing system may include the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the controller / processor 640.Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned components could be the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor, configured to perform the functions described by the aforementioned components.

[00205] FIG. 24 is a 2400 flowchart of a wireless communication method. Wireless communication can include IoT communication, for example, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The method can be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 2850, device 2502 / 2502') configured to communicate wirelessly with a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a 115-b, 2550, device 2802, 2802'). In 2402, the base station executes an LBT procedure at the beginning of each of several frames. In 2406, the base station transmits several Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 85 / 133 82 / 93 repetitions of a transmission. The base station transmission may comprise a control channel transmission, for example, an MPDCCH transmission. The transmission may comprise a data transmission, for example, an MPDSCH transmission. When the various repetitions measure multiple frames and an LBT procedure is unsuccessful for a first frame, the base station abandons at least one repetition on the first frame or postpones at least one repetition on the first frame until a second frame when the LBT procedure is successful 2404.

[00206] In 2408, the base station can determine whether to drop at least one replay or postpone at least one replay on a frame in which the LBT procedure is unsuccessful. The base station can drop at least one replay on the first frame. The base station can postpone at least one replay on the first frame until the second frame when the LBT procedure is successful. The determination in 2408 can be based on at least one of an interference environment, a probability of user equipment missing the transmission directed to the user equipment, a probability of user equipment making a fault detection, a reliability of user equipment detecting whether the base station drops or postpones the transmission, and the UE user equipment procedures.

[00207] In 2410, the base station may receive at least one of an uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from a user device in the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission. A Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 86 / 133 83 / 93 base station can receive RACH transmission from the user's equipment, and where RACH transmission is based on a specific configuration of the allocated cell.

[00208] FIG. 25 is a conceptual data flow diagram 2500 illustrating the data flow between the different media / components in an illustrative device 2502. The device may be a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 2850) configured to communicate wirelessly with a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2550, device 2802, 2802'). Wireless communication may include IoT communication, e.g., eMTC, NBIOT, etc. The device includes a receiving component 2504 that receives uplink communication from UE 2550 and a transmitting component 2506 that transmits downlink communication 2250. The device may include an LBT component 2508 configured to execute an LBT procedure at the beginning of each of several frames. The device may include a repeating component 2510 configured to transmit multiple repetitions of a transmission, where the multiple repetitions measure the multiple frames.When the LBT procedure is unsuccessful for a first frame, the repeat component 2510 can either drop at least one repeat in the first frame or postpone at least one repeat in the first frame until a second frame when the LBT procedure is successful. The device may include a drop / postpone component 2512 configured to determine whether to drop at least one repeat or postpone at least one repeat in a frame in which the LBT process is unsuccessful. The device may include a UL component 2514 configured to receive at least one of a... Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 87 / 133 84 / 93 uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from a user device in the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission.

[00209] The device may include additional components that execute each of the algorithm blocks in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 24. Thus, each block in the flowcharts mentioned above in FIG. 24 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the processes / algorithm mentioned above, implemented by a processor configured to execute the processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for execution by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00210] FIG. 26 is a 2600 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a 2502 device employing a 2614 processing system. The 2614 processing system can be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by the 2624 bus. The 2624 bus can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the 2614 processing system and general design constraints. The 2624 bus connects various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 2604 processor, the 2504, 2506, 2508, 2510, 2512 components, and the computer-readable / memory medium 2606. The 2624 bus can also connect various other circuits, such as Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 88 / 133 85 / 93 timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00211] The processing system 2614 can be coupled with a transceiver 2610. The transceiver 2610 is coupled with one or more antennas 2620. The transceiver 2610 provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. The transceiver 2610 receives a signal from one or more antennas 2620, extracts the information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 2614, specifically the receiving component 2504. Additionally, the transceiver 2610 receives information from the processing system 2614, specifically the transmitting component 2506, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 2620. The processing system 2614 includes a processor 2604 coupled with a computer-readable medium / memory 2606.The 2604 processor is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2606. The software, when executed by the 2604 processor, causes the 2614 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 2606 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 2604 processor when executing the software. The 2614 processing system additionally includes at least one of the components 2504, 2506, 2508, 2510, 2512. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 89 / 133 86 / 93 components may be software components running on processor 2604, resident / stored in computer-readable medium / memory 2606, one or more hardware components coupled with processor 2604, or some combination thereof. Processing system 2614 may be a component of base station 105 and may include memory 642 and / or at least one of processor TX 620, processor RX 638, and controller / processor 640.

[00212] In one configuration, the 2502 / 2502' apparatus for wireless communication includes means for performing an LBT procedure at the beginning of each of several frames, means for transmitting multiple repetitions of a transmission, wherein, when the multiple repetitions measure several frames and the LBT procedure is not successful for a first frame, the base station abandons at least one repetition on the first frame or postpones at least one repetition of the first frame until a second frame when the LBT procedure is successful, means for determining whether to abandon at least one repetition or postpone at least one repetition on a frame in which the LBT procedure is not successful, and means for receiving at least one of an uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from a user device on the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission.

[00213] The means mentioned above may be one or more of the components mentioned above of device 2502 and / or the processing system of 2614 of device 2502' configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means mentioned above. As described above, the system of Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 90 / 133 87 / 93 processing 2614 may include the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX 620 processor, the RX 638 processor, and the 640 controller / processor configured to perform the functions cited by the aforementioned means.

[00214] FIG. 27 is a flowchart 2700 of a wireless communication method. Wireless communication can include IoT communication, for example, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2550, device 2802, 2802'), configured to communicate wirelessly with a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-A, 105-b, 2850, device 2502 / 2502'). On 2702, the UE receives multiple repetitions of a downlink transmission from a base station. The transmission may comprise a control channel transmission, for example, MPDCCH. The transmission may comprise a data transmission, for example, MPDSCH.

[00215] When multiple replays span multiple frames, the UE determines in 2704 whether the base station transmits at least one replay of the downlink transmission in a first frame. The determination may include determining whether the base station drops at least one replay in the first frame or delays at least one replay in the first frame until a second frame.

[00216] In 2706, the UE can combine the various repetitions through the various frames.

[00217] In 2708, the UE transmits at least one of an uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 91-133 88 / 93 a user device in the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission. The user device can transmit a RACH transmission on 2708 to the base station in the frame when the base station has transmitted the downlink transmission, and the RACH transmission can be based on a specific allocated cell configuration.

[00218] FIG. 28 is a conceptual data flow diagram 2800 illustrating the data flow between the different media / components in an illustrative device 2802. The device may be a UE (e.g., UE 115, 115-a, 115-b, 2550) configured to communicate wirelessly with a base station (e.g., base station 105, 105-a, 105-b, 2850, device 2502 / 2502'). Wireless communication may include IoT communication, e.g., eMTC, NB-IoT, etc. The device includes a receiving component 2804 that receives downlink communication from base station 2850 and a transmitting component that transmits uplink communication to base station 2850.

[00219] The 2804 receiving component can be configured to receive multiple replays from a downlink transmission from a base station. The device may include a 2808 determination component configured to determine whether the base station transmits at least one replay of the downlink transmission in a first frame. The determination may include determining whether the base station drops at least one replay in the first frame or delays at least one replay in the first frame until a second frame. The device may include a 2810 combination component configured to combine the multiple replays across multiple frames. The Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 92 / 133 89 / 93 equipment may include a UL 2814 component and / or a RACH 1812 component configured to transmit at least one of an uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from a user device in the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission.

[00220] The device may include additional components that execute each of the blocks of the algorithm in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 27. Thus, each block in the flowchart mentioned above in FIG. 27 may be executed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the processes / algorithm mentioned above, implemented by a processor configured to execute the processes / algorithm mentioned above, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[00221] FIG. 29 is a diagram 2900 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 2802' employing a processing system 2914. The processing system 2914 can be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by the bus 2924. The bus 2924 can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 2914 and the general design constraints. The bus 2924 connects various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the processor 2904, the components 2804, 2806, 2808, 2810, 2812, 2814, and Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 93 / 133 90 / 93 the computer-readable medium / memory 2906. The 2924 bus can also connect various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[00222] The 2914 processing system can be coupled with a 2910 transceiver. The 2910 transceiver is coupled with one or more 2920 antennas. The 2910 transceiver provides a means for communication with various other devices through a transmission medium. Transceiver 2910 receives a signal from one or more antennas 2920, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 2914, specifically the receiving component 2804. Additionally, transceiver 2910 receives information from the processing system 2914, specifically the transmitting component 2806, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 2920. The processing system 2914 includes a processor 2904 coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 2906. The processor 2904 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2906.The software, when executed by the 2904 processor, causes the 2914 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 2906 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 2904 processor when executing the software. The system of... Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 94 / 133 91 / 93 processing 2914 additionally includes at least one of the components 2804, 2806, 2808, 2810, 2812, 2814. The components may be software components running on the 2904 processor, resident / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2906, one or more hardware components coupled with the 2904 processor, or some combination thereof. The 2914 processing system may be a component of UE 115 and may include memory 682 and / or at least one of the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the controller / processor 680.

[00223] In one configuration, the 2802 / 2802' apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving multiple repetitions of a downlink transmission from a base station, means for determining whether the base station transmits at least one repetition of the downlink transmission in a first frame, means for combining the various repetitions across multiple frames, and means for transmitting at least one of an uplink control transmission, an uplink data transmission, or a RACH transmission from a user device in the frame when the base station has not transmitted a downlink transmission.

[00224] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the components mentioned above of the 2802 device and / or the 2914 processing system of the 2802 device configured to perform the functions mentioned above by the aforementioned means. As described above, the 2914 processing system may include the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the 680 controller / processor. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX 664 processor, the RX 658 processor, and the Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 95 / 133 92 / 93 controller / processor 680 configured to perform the aforementioned functions by the means mentioned above.

[00225] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the revealed processes / flowcharts is an illustration of illustrative approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Additionally, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims elements present from the various blocks in a sample order, and is not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[00226] The preceding description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described in this document. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined in this document may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects presented in this document, but are to be in accordance with the entire scope consistent with the claims of the language, where reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one unless specifically so stated, but rather one or more. The word illustrative is used in this document to mean to serve as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect described in this document as illustrative is not necessarily to be constructed as preferred or advantageous in relation to other aspects.Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term. Petition 870200133148, dated 10 / 22 / 2020, pp. 96-133 93 / 93 some refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, one or more of A, B, or C, at least one of A, B, and C, one or more of A, B, and C” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, one or more of A, B, or C, at least one of A, B, and C, one or more of A, B, and C” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C.All structural and functional equivalents for the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or may become known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed in this document is intended to be made available to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly mentioned in the claims. The words module, mechanism, element, device, among others, may not be substitutes for the word means. Thus, no element of a claim should be constructed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly mentioned using the expression means for.

Claims

1. Wireless communication method in a base station (105), characterized in that it comprises: executing a double CCA (1202) free channel evaluation procedure at the beginning of a frame before transmission, wherein the double CCA procedure comprises CCA (415, 802) followed by extended CCA (515, 804), eCCA, when the CCA is unsuccessful; transmitting during the frame when at least one CCA procedure of the double CCA procedure is successful (1204); refraining from transmitting during the frame when both CCA procedures of the double CCA procedure are unsuccessful (1206); and when the CCA and eCCA of the double CCA procedure are unsuccessful: waiting until a next CCA location at a next frame boundary (1220) following the frame in which the CCA and eCCA are executed; and without executing CCA, executing eCCA at the next CCA location (1222) again.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that performing the double CCA procedure comprises: performing the CCA for a first period of time; and performing the eCCA for a second period of time following the CCA, when the CCA is unsuccessful, wherein the second period of time is longer than the first period of time.

3. Method, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises: transmitting a reservation signal when the CCA is successful; and Petition 870240096986, dated 11 / 12 / 2024, page 13 / 17 2 / 4 transmitting a frame transmission following the reservation signal.

4. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises: transmitting a reservation signal when the eCCA is successful; and transmitting a frame transmission following the reservation signal.

5. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first transmission time corresponding to CCA is independent of a first CCA duration and a second transmission time corresponding to eCCA is based on a second eCCA duration.

6. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the double CCA procedure is executed when the base station has transmitted on a previous frame or before the base station transmits the frame as a first frame on a frequency.

7. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wireless communication comprises enhanced machine-type communication, eMTC.

8. Apparatus for wireless communication in a base station (105), characterized in that it comprises: means for performing a double CCA free channel evaluation procedure at the beginning of a frame before transmission, wherein the double CCA procedure comprises a CCA (415, 802) followed by extended CCA (515, 804), and CCA when the CCA is unsuccessful; means for transmitting during the frame when at least one CCA procedure of the double CCA procedure is successful (1204); means for refraining from transmitting during the frame when both CCA procedures of the double CCA procedure are unsuccessful. Petition 870240096986, dated 12 / 11 / 2024, p.14 / 17 3 / 4 (1206), wherein when the CCA and eCCA of the double CCA procedure are unsuccessful: the means to abstain wait until a next CCA location in a next frame boundary (1220) following the frame in which the CCA and eCCA are executed; and the means to execute a double CCA procedure execute, without executing CCA, eCCA in the next CCA location (1222) again.

9. Apparatus, according to claim 8, characterized in that the means for performing the double CCA procedure perform the CCA for a first period of time and perform the eCCA for a second period of time following the CCA, when the CCA is not successful, wherein the second period of time is longer than the first period of time.

10. Apparatus, according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the means for transmitting transmit a backup signal when the CCA is successful and transmit a frame transmission following the backup signal.

11. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the means for transmitting transmit a backup signal when the eCCA is successful and transmit a frame transmission following the backup signal.

12. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a first transmission time corresponding to CCA is independent of a first CCA duration and a second transmission time corresponding to eCCA is based on a second eCCA duration.

13. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the double CCA procedure is executed when Petition 870240096986, dated 11 / 12 / 2024, page 15 / 17 4 / 4 the base station transmitted on a previous frame or before the base station transmits the frame as a first frame on a frequency.

14. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the wireless communication comprises enhanced machine-type communication, eMTC.

15. Computer-readable memory characterized in that it comprises instructions stored therein, the instructions being executable by a computer to perform the method steps as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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