Multi-burner overhead entrained flow gasifier

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-burner top-mounted fluidized bed gasifier, comprising a shell and a burner portion, a gasification chamber, a cooling chamber and a slag water outlet which are connected and coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the burner portion and the slag water outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the shell, and the gasification chamber and the cooling chamber are respectively arranged in the shell; the burner portion comprises a burner seat and a burner assembly; the burner seat is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber; the burner assembly comprises a long-burning lamp burner and at least two pulverized coal process burners; the long-burning lamp burner is arranged at the center of the burner seat; at least two pulverized coal process burners are dispersed and arranged around the periphery of the long-burning lamp burner on the burner seat; a quenching ring pipe with the same inner diameter, an atomized water spray device and a downcomer are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the cooling chamber, and the three are fixedly connected in sequence, and the outer lower part of the downcomer is coaxially sleeved with an upper duct and a cyclone dehydrator. The multi-burner top-mounted fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention can ensure that the gasification device can operate safely for a long period of time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of gasifiers, in particular to a top-mounted fluidized-bed gasifier with multiple burners. Background Art

[0002] Clean and efficient use of coal is a major technical issue in today's energy and environmental protection fields, and is also one of the key technologies for the sustainable development of my country's national economy.

[0003] Coal gasification technology can be divided into two types according to the high-temperature synthesis gas cooling method. One is the pulverized coal pressurized gasification process represented by the American AP (formerly Shell) company, and the other is the water-coal slurry pressurized gasification process represented by the American GE (formerly Texaco). In recent years, the domestic coal chemical industry has made great progress, and a number of coal gasification processes with independent intellectual property rights have emerged. Representative ones are the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology of East China University of Science and Technology and the aerospace furnace.

[0004] In the top-mounted single-nozzle structure, such as the GE water-coal slurry process, there is only one burner interface at the top of the gasification chamber. The gasifier can only be operated after the preheating, ignition and process burners are replaced in sequence. The process is complicated, the operation cycle is long and there are safety risks. In addition, since there is only one process burner on the top, when the coal input is high, the atomization effect is poor and the gasification efficiency is reduced. In the multi-nozzle opposed structure, such as the East China University of Science and Technology gasification process, since the opposed burners are arranged in a horizontal position, the flames ejected by the burners can easily burn the furnace wall opposite the burners, so the diameter of the gasifier has to be increased, resulting in increased equipment investment and increased gasification ineffective space; in addition, due to the flow field characteristics of the opposed nozzles, it is easy to cause the top of the gasifier to overheat, which poses a safety hazard. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-burner top-mounted entrained flow gasifier, which can ensure that the gasification device can operate safely for a long period of time.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-burner top-mounted entrained flow gasifier comprises a shell, a burner portion, a gasification chamber, a cooling chamber and a slag water outlet which are sequentially connected and coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the burner portion and the slag water outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the shell, and the gasification chamber and the cooling chamber are respectively arranged in the shell;

[0008] The burner portion comprises a burner seat and a burner combination; the burner seat is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber; the burner combination comprises a permanent lamp burner and at least two pulverized coal process burners; the permanent lamp burner is arranged at the center of the burner seat for ignition; the at least two pulverized coal process burners are dispersedly arranged on the burner seat around the periphery of the permanent lamp burner for feeding; a water-cooled wall protection cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the burner seat, the bottom of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder is flush with the fire-facing end of the burner combination and openings are respectively provided at positions corresponding to the permanent lamp burner and the pulverized coal process burner, so that materials from the permanent lamp burner and the pulverized coal process burner can enter the gasification chamber; a protective gas pressure balance pipe is also provided on the burner seat for balancing the pressure inside the water-cooled wall protection cylinder and the pressure inside the gasification chamber; a fireproof lining is also provided on the fire-facing side of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder;

[0009] The gasification chamber is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged inside the gasification chamber. A distance is left between the gasification chamber and the shell to form an annular buffer space between the two. A slag lowering port connected to the cooling chamber is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber, and is used for the synthesis gas and slag to descend to the cooling chamber. The slag lowering port is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged inside the water-cooled coil.

[0010] The cooling chamber is surrounded by the lower slag port, the slag water outlet and a shell therebetween, wherein a quenching ring pipe, an atomizing water spray device and a lower guide tube with the same inner diameter are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom below the lower slag port in the cooling chamber, and the three are fixedly connected in sequence to form a descending channel; the top of the quenching ring pipe is fixed to the top inner wall of the cooling chamber and is communicated with the lower slag port, and is used to quench and cool the synthesis gas and slag descending from the lower slag port; the atomizing water spray device is used to spray and cool the synthesis gas and slag after quenching and cooling by the quenching ring pipe, and form slag water; an upper guide tube is coaxially sleeved at the lower outer side of the lower guide tube, the lower end of the upper guide tube is lower than the lower end of the lower guide tube, and an annular separation channel is formed between the lower guide tube and the upper guide tube for the synthesis gas after cooling to pass through;

[0011] The outer side of the downcomer is also coaxially sleeved with a cyclone dehydrator, which is arranged at the top of the annular separation channel and is used to dehydrate the cyclone flow of the synthetic gas from the annular separation channel;

[0012] The slag water outlet is located at the bottom of the cooling chamber and is used for slag water output;

[0013] The upper part of the side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the lower part is provided with a water bath inlet; the synthesis gas outlet is used to output the dehydrated synthesis gas; the water bath inlet is used to introduce water for the water bath into the cooling chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of the distance between the pulverized coal process burner and the ever-burning lamp burner to the diameter of the gasification chamber is (1-5):50.

[0015] Preferably, the quenching ring pipe comprises an annular water collecting tank, a quenching water inlet and a water distribution ring;

[0016] The annular water collecting tank is fixed to the top inner wall of the cooling chamber through its top, and a water outlet is formed between its top and the upper end of the box wall on the fire side, so that the quenching water therein flows out from the water outlet along the fire side of the box wall on the fire side;

[0017] The quenching water inlet is arranged on the annular water collecting tank in a tangential direction, and is used to inject quenching water into the annular water collecting tank from the tangential direction; preferably, there are 1 to 6 quenching water inlets;

[0018] The inner diameter of the top of the annular water collecting tank is smaller than the inner diameter of the box wall on the fire side, and an extension end is formed on the fire side of the box wall on the fire side; the water distribution ring is vertically fixed to the bottom of the extension end, and a water distribution annular gap is formed on the fire side of the box wall on the fire side, so as to distribute the quenching water from the annular water collecting tank in an annular manner and form a water film on the fire side of the box wall on the fire side. Preferably, the width of the water distribution annular gap is 1-10 mm.

[0019] Preferably, the atomized water spray device comprises a spray fixed pipe and 1-4 spray units arranged on the spray fixed pipe from top to bottom, and the spray fixed pipe is fixed to the lower end of the quenching ring pipe through its upper end;

[0020] The spray unit comprises a spray water inlet pipe and 1-20 atomizing nozzles, wherein the first end of the spray water inlet pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the shell in the cooling chamber and is provided with a spray water inlet for water inlet; the second end of the spray water inlet pipe is arranged around the outside of the spray fixed pipe, and the 1-20 atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals around the surrounding part of the second end, so as to form atomized water from the spray water inlet pipe through the atomizing nozzles;

[0021] A spray hole is arranged on the fixed spray pipe at a position corresponding to the atomizing nozzle, so as to allow the atomized water from the atomizing nozzle to pass through the spray hole and spray into the fixed spray pipe.

[0022] Preferably, the length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit and the lower conduit to the lower conduit is (8-12):15;

[0023] Preferably, the length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit and the lower conduit to the upper conduit is (5-8):10;

[0024] Preferably, the inner diameter of the upper conduit is 200-400 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lower conduit.

[0025] Preferably, the upper conduit is a straight cylindrical conduit, including a cylindrical conduit and a hollow prismatic conduit.

[0026] Preferably, the upper conduit is a truncated cone-shaped conduit with a bottom diameter greater than a top diameter.

[0027] Preferably, the upper conduit is formed by at least two conduit segments of different structures being connected in sequence; the conduit segments include a cylindrical conduit segment, a truncated cone-shaped conduit segment and a hollow prismatic conduit segment.

[0028] Preferably, at least one cyclone plate is provided in the cyclone dehydrator.

[0029] Preferably, there are 6-100 cyclone plates, and the 6-100 cyclone plates are evenly dispersed in the cyclone dehydrator to form a plurality of dehydration channels.

[0030] Preferably, the swirl plate is a flat plate, and the swirl plate is arranged at an angle of 1-90° to the horizontal direction;

[0031] Preferably, the swirl plate is an arc-shaped plate, the central angle of the arc-shaped plate is 90-180°, and the arc-shaped plate is arranged at an angle of 1-90° to the horizontal direction according to the corresponding chord.

[0032] Preferably, the top of the lower slag opening is provided with an arched convex top structure, and the ratio of the height of the arched convex top structure to the length of the lower slag opening is (1-50):200.

[0033] Preferably, the slag lowering opening is made of a water pipe coil with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0034] Preferably, the thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining on the lower slag outlet is 5-20 mm.

[0035] Preferably, the inner diameter of the slag lower opening is 400-1500 mm and the length is 1000-3000 mm.

[0036] Preferably, the water-cooled wall protection cylinder is made of water pipes with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0037] Preferably, the inner diameter of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder is 100-10000 mm and the height is 200-10000 mm.

[0038] Preferably, the thickness of the fireproof lining in the water-cooled wall protection cylinder is 5-20 mm.

[0039] Preferably, the water-cooled wall on the gasification chamber is made of water pipes with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0040] Preferably, the thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining on the gasification chamber is 5-20 mm.

[0041] Preferably, the top and bottom of the gasification chamber are respectively conical necking structures.

[0042] Preferably, the shell fireproof lining on the shell has a thickness of 5-500 mm.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0044] (1) The multi-burner top-mounted fluidized flow gasifier of the present invention has a permanent lamp burner and multiple pulverized coal process burners for feeding coal on the top of the gasification chamber; the permanent lamp burner can realize preheating and ignition during the start-up phase of the fluidized flow gasifier, and is in a combustion operation state during the operation of the fluidized flow gasifier. When the fluidized flow gasifier accidentally jumps out of service, the fluidized flow gasifier can be quickly put into operation again without repeating the preheating and ignition steps; the multiple pulverized coal process burners can share the total coal input of the gasifier, ensuring that each pulverized coal process burner The atomization effect of the burner is improved; compared with the gasifier with an opposed burner structure, the present invention has a top-mounted burner structure, and the burner is arranged vertically. The burner flame will not directly flush the furnace wall, and there is no need to increase the diameter of the fluidized bed gasifier to increase the gasification ineffective space in order to ensure the gasification efficiency, thereby saving production costs and investment; in addition, the burner flame is sprayed from top to bottom, which can avoid the top of the fluidized bed gasifier from overheating, and fundamentally prevent the occurrence of safety accidents; in addition, the fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention has high gasification efficiency;

[0045] (2) In the multi-burner top-mounted fluidized-bed gasifier of the present invention, after the high-temperature synthesis gas enters the cooling chamber from the slag gas outlet, it is first cooled by evaporation of the annular water film discharged from the quenching ring pipe (quenching cooling), and then atomized by the atomized water output by the atomized water spray device. The cooling is uniform and rapid, and the atomized area covers the non-overlapping area of ​​the lower conduit 9. The atomized cooling area is large, which avoids the occurrence of dry areas on the inner wall of the lower conduit and thus burns it; and after the synthesis gas is cooled by the atomized water spray device and then cooled by a water bath, it flows upward from the annular separation channel between the lower conduit and the upper conduit. The synthesis gas that has been cooled three times also plays a cooling protection role on the lower conduit during its upward flow; after the above-mentioned multiple protections, the safety of the lower conduit is guaranteed to the greatest extent;

[0046] (3) In the multi-burner top-mounted fluidized-flow gasifier of the present invention, the low-temperature synthesis gas after cooling in a water bath flows upward from the annular separation channel between the lower conduit and the upper conduit through the cyclone dehydrator, and flows through the cyclone plates at different positions, so that most of the liquid substances carried in the synthesis gas can be separated, thereby minimizing the water content in the synthesis gas and reducing the burden on the operation of the downstream and the entire gasification device;

[0047] (4) The multi-burner overhead fluidized flow gasifier of the present invention has high gasification efficiency, simple start-up process, safe and reliable structure, low investment and operation cost, long operation life, and can operate safely and stably for a long period of time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a top-mounted multi-burner entrained flow gasifier in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of the quench ring tube and the downcomer in a multi-burner overhead entrained flow gasifier;

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view of the . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical scheme and its effects of the present invention are further described below through specific implementation methods. The following implementation methods are only used to illustrate the content of the present invention, and the invention is not limited to the following implementation methods or examples. Simple changes made to the present invention using the concept of the present invention are all within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the multi-burner top-mounted entrained flow gasifier of the present invention comprises a shell 4 and a burner portion, a gasification chamber 2, a cooling chamber and a slag-water outlet 13 which are sequentially connected and coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the burner portion and the slag-water outlet 13 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the shell 4, and the gasification chamber 2 and the cooling chamber are respectively arranged in the shell 4;

[0053] The burner part includes a burner seat 1 and a burner assembly; the burner seat 1 is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber 2; the burner assembly includes a permanent lamp burner 17 and at least two pulverized coal process burners 18; the permanent lamp burner 17 is arranged at the center of the burner seat 1 for ignition; the at least two pulverized coal process burners 18 are dispersedly arranged around the periphery of the permanent lamp burner 17 on the burner seat 1, preferably evenly dispersed and arranged around, for feeding; a water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is arranged at the bottom of the burner seat 1, The bottom of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is flush with the fire-facing end of the burner assembly and is provided with openings at positions corresponding to the ever-burning burner 17 and the pulverized coal process burner 18, so that materials from the ever-burning burner 17 and the pulverized coal process burner 18 can enter the gasification chamber 2; a protective gas pressure balance pipe 16 is also provided on the burner seat 1 to balance the pressure inside the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 and the pressure inside the gasification chamber 2; a fireproof lining is also provided on the fire-facing side of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15;

[0054] The gasification chamber 2 is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged inside the gasification chamber 2. A distance is left between the gasification chamber 2 and the shell 4 to form an annular buffer space between the two. A slag lowering port 6 connected to the cooling chamber is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber 2, which is used for the synthesis gas and slag to descend to the cooling chamber. The slag lowering port 6 is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged inside the water-cooled coil.

[0055] The cooling chamber is surrounded by the lower slag port 6, the slag water outlet 13 and the shell 4 therebetween. A quenching ring pipe 7, an atomizing water spray device 8 and a lower guide tube 9 with the same inner diameter are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom below the lower slag port in the cooling chamber, and the three are fixedly connected in sequence to form a descending channel; the top of the quenching ring pipe 7 is fixed on the top inner wall of the cooling chamber and is connected to the lower slag port 6, and is used to quench and cool the synthesis gas and slag descending from the lower slag port 6; the atomizing water spray device 8 is used to spray and cool the synthesis gas and slag after quenching and cooling by the quenching ring pipe 7, and form slag water; an upper guide tube 11 is coaxially sleeved on the lower outer part of the lower guide tube 9, and the lower end of the upper guide tube 11 is lower than the lower end of the lower guide tube 9, and an annular separation channel 12 is formed between the lower guide tube 9 and the upper guide tube 11 for the synthesis gas after cooling to pass through;

[0056] The outer side of the downcomer 9 is also coaxially sleeved with a cyclone dehydrator 10, which is arranged at the top of the annular separation channel 12 and is used to dehydrate the cyclone flow of the synthetic gas from the annular separation channel 12;

[0057] The slag water outlet 13 is located at the bottom of the cooling chamber and is used for slag water output;

[0058] The upper part of the side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet 19, and the lower part is provided with a water bath inlet 20; the synthesis gas outlet 19 is used to output the dehydrated synthesis gas; the water bath inlet 20 is used to introduce water for the water bath into the cooling chamber.

[0059] Those skilled in the art can understand that the pilot lamp burner 17 and the pulverized coal process burner 18 are both arranged in the vertical direction, that is, parallel to the central axis of the entrained flow gasifier. The structure of the pilot lamp burner 17 refers to the pilot lamp burner in Chinese patent CN 209165404U, and the structure of the pulverized coal process burner 18 refers to the burner in Chinese patent CN 209412158U.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, during the operation of the fluidized-flow gasifier, water for the water bath is injected into the cooling chamber through the water bath inlet 20, and the inlet and outlet balance of the water bath inlet 20 and the slag water outlet 13 is ensured, so that the water level at the bottom of the cooling chamber is maintained as stable as possible to form a water bath, thereby further cooling the cooled synthesis gas and slag.

[0061] The multi-burner top-mounted fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention has a permanent lamp burner and multiple pulverized coal process burners for feeding coal on the top of the gasification chamber; the permanent lamp burner can realize preheating and ignition in the start-up stage of the fluidized bed gasifier, and is in a combustion operation state during the operation of the fluidized bed gasifier. When the fluidized bed gasifier accidentally jumps out of the car, the fluidized bed gasifier can be quickly put into operation again, eliminating the need for repeated preheating and ignition steps; multiple pulverized coal process burners can share the total coal input of the fluidized bed gasifier, ensuring that each pulverized coal process burner The atomization effect of the burner is improved; compared with the gasifier with an opposed burner structure, the present invention has a top-mounted burner structure, and the burner is arranged vertically. The burner flame will not directly flush the furnace wall, and there is no need to increase the diameter of the fluidized bed gasifier to increase the gasification ineffective space in order to ensure the gasification efficiency, thereby saving production costs and investment; in addition, the burner flame is sprayed from top to bottom, which can avoid the top of the fluidized bed gasifier from overheating, and fundamentally prevent the occurrence of safety accidents; in addition, the fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention has high gasification efficiency;

[0062] In addition, after the high-temperature synthesis gas enters the cooling chamber from the lower slag port, it is cooled by the quenching ring tube and atomized by the atomized water spray device in sequence. The cooling is uniform and rapid, and the atomized cooling helps to increase the cooling area and improve the cooling rate, avoiding the occurrence of dry areas on the inner wall of the descending channel due to the excessive temperature in the descending channel, thereby avoiding the occurrence of dry areas on the inner wall of the lower conduit and burning. After the synthesis gas is cooled by the atomized water spray device and then cooled by the water bath, it flows upward from the annular separation channel between the lower conduit and the upper conduit. The synthesis gas that has been cooled three times also plays a cooling and protective role on the lower conduit during its upward flow. After the above-mentioned multiple protections, the safety of the lower conduit is guaranteed to the greatest extent.

[0063] Moreover, the low-temperature synthesis gas cooled by the water bath is dehydrated by the cyclone dehydrator when it flows upward from the annular separation channel between the lower conduit and the upper conduit, which can separate most of the liquid substances carried in the synthesis gas, minimize the water content in the synthesis gas, and reduce the burden on the operation of the downstream and the entire gasification device.

[0064] The multi-burner overhead fluidized-flow gasifier of the present invention has high gasification efficiency, simple start-up process, safe and reliable structure, low investment and operation cost, long operation life, and can operate safely and stably for a long period of time.

[0065] In one embodiment, there are 4 to 8 pulverized coal process burners 18 .

[0066] In one embodiment, the ratio of the distance between the pulverized coal process burner 18 and the ever-burning lamp burner 17 to the diameter of the gasification chamber 2 is (1-5):50, such as 1:50, 1:25, 3:50, 2:25 and 1:10, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0067] In one embodiment, the quenching ring pipe 7 includes an annular water collecting tank 71, a quenching water inlet 72 and a water distribution ring 73;

[0068] The annular water collecting tank 71 is fixed to the top inner wall of the cooling chamber through its top, and a water outlet is formed between its top and the upper end of the box wall on the fire side, so that the quenching water therein flows out from the water outlet along the fire side of the box wall on the fire side;

[0069] The quenching water inlet 72 is arranged on the annular water collecting tank 71 in a tangential direction, and is used to inject quenching water into the annular water collecting tank 71 from the tangential direction; preferably, there are 1 to 6 quenching water inlets 72, such as 2, 3, 4 and 5, so as to ensure the water inlet amount and continuity of the quenching water;

[0070] The inner diameter of the top end of the annular water collecting tank 71 is smaller than the inner diameter of the box wall on the fire-facing side, and an extension end is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side; the water distribution ring 73 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the extension end, and a water distribution annular gap 74 is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side, so as to distribute the chilled water from the annular water collecting tank 71 in an annular manner and form a water film on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side.

[0071] In the multi-burner top-mounted fluidized-flow gasifier of the present invention, in the quenching ring tube 7, the quenching water forms an annular water film along the fire-facing side of the fire-facing side box wall through the water distribution annular gap 74, thereby realizing its annular distribution along the fire-facing side of the fire-facing side box wall, and the synthesis gas and slag descending from the lower slag outlet 6 are quenched and cooled by evaporation of the annular water film, thereby preventing the temperature in the descending channel from being too high, thereby preventing the inner wall of the lower guide tube 9 from forming a dry area and being damaged.

[0072] In one embodiment, the width of the water distribution annular gap 74 is 1-10 mm, such as 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm and 9 mm.

[0073] In one embodiment, the atomized water spray device 8 includes a spray fixed pipe and 1-4 spray units arranged on the spray fixed pipe from top to bottom, and the spray fixed pipe is fixed to the lower end of the quenching ring pipe 7 through its upper end;

[0074] The spray unit includes a spray water inlet pipe and 1-20 atomizing nozzles, wherein the first end of the spray water inlet pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the shell 4 in the cooling chamber, and is provided with a spray water inlet for water inlet; the second end of the spray water inlet pipe is arranged around the outside of the spray fixed pipe, and the 1-20 atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals around the surrounding part of the second end, so as to form atomized water from the spray water inlet pipe through the atomizing nozzle;

[0075] A spray hole is arranged on the fixed spray pipe at a position corresponding to the atomizing nozzle, so as to allow the atomized water from the atomizing nozzle to pass through the spray hole and spray into the fixed spray pipe.

[0076] The multi-burner top-mounted fluidized-flow gasifier of the present invention can expand the cooling area by spraying atomized water into the descending channel through the atomized water spray device 8, realize rapid and uniform cooling of the synthesis gas and slag after quenching and cooling by the quenching ring tube 7, and avoid the occurrence of dry areas on the inner wall of the descending channel due to excessively high temperature in the descending channel, thereby avoiding the occurrence of dry areas on the inner wall of the downcomer and burning.

[0077] The present invention sequentially cools the synthesis gas and slag descending from the slag outlet 6 to the descending channel by arranging a quenching ring tube 7 and an atomized water spray device 8, thereby achieving quenching cooling by utilizing the evaporation of the annular gap water film of the quenching ring tube 7 on the one hand, and achieving spray cooling by the atomized water spray of the atomized water spray device 8 on the other hand, with a large spray range (capable of covering the upper half of the lower conduit 9), so that the two cooperate with each other, not only achieving double cooling, but also increasing the cooling range and cooling uniformity, and having a significant cooling effect, which is significantly improved compared with the cooling effect of the quenching ring tube 7 and the atomized water spray device 8 cooling separately and their simple superposition.

[0078] In one embodiment, the atomizing nozzle is set at 0-45° with the horizontal direction, such as 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°, so as to expand the spray range of the atomizing nozzle and improve the cooling effect. The angle between the atomizing nozzle and the horizontal direction can be above the horizontal direction, or below the horizontal direction, or a mixture of the two, preferably an alternating arrangement of the two, so as to further expand the atomizing cooling area of ​​the atomizing water spray device 8 and improve the atomizing cooling effect.

[0079] In one embodiment, the length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit 11 and the lower conduit 9 to the lower conduit 9 is (8-12):15, such as 3:5, 2:3 and 11:15; in one embodiment, the length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit 11 and the lower conduit 9 to the upper conduit 11 is (5-8):10, such as 3:5 and 7:10; in one embodiment, the inner diameter of the upper conduit 11 is 200-400 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lower conduit 9, such as 250 mm, 300 mm and 350 mm, that is, the annular gap width of the annular separation channel 12 is 100-200 mm, such as 125 mm, 150 mm and 175 mm.

[0080] In one embodiment, the upper conduit 11 is a straight conduit, including a cylindrical conduit and a hollow prism conduit. The hollow prism conduit has at least three edges, such as a hollow triangular prism conduit, a hollow quadrangular prism conduit, etc. The specific number of edges can be selected according to actual needs.

[0081] In one embodiment, the upper conduit 11 is a truncated cone-shaped conduit with a bottom diameter larger than a top diameter, so as to allow more synthesis gas to enter the annular separation channel 12, thereby collecting more synthesis gas and facilitating increasing the output of the synthesis gas.

[0082] In one embodiment, the upper conduit 11 is formed by at least two conduit segments of different structures connected in sequence; the conduit segments include a cylindrical conduit segment, a truncated cone conduit segment, and a hollow prism conduit segment. Preferably, the upper conduit 11 is formed by 2-4 conduit segments of different structures connected in sequence.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the end heads of the conduit segments of different structures can cooperate with each other to achieve their cooperative connection. The different structures refer not only to different shapes but also to different sizes. For example, the upper conduit 11 is formed by two cylindrical conduit segments of different diameters connected by the end heads, or by a cylindrical conduit segment and a truncated cone conduit segment connected by the end heads.

[0084] In one embodiment, at least one cyclone plate, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 50, etc., is disposed in the cyclone dehydrator 10 for dehydrating the syngas cyclone flow from the annular separation channel 12 .

[0085] In one embodiment, there are 6-100 cyclone plates, and the 6-100 cyclone plates are evenly dispersed in the cyclone dehydrator 10 to form a plurality of dehydration channels to dehydrate the syngas cyclone flow from the annular separation channel 12. Preferably, there are 10-100 cyclone plates, such as 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90.

[0086] Those skilled in the art can understand that 6 to 100 cyclone plates are respectively distributed in a ring shape in the cyclone dehydrator 10 .

[0087] In one embodiment, the cyclone plate is a flat plate, and the cyclone plate is set at 1-90° to the horizontal direction. Preferably, the cyclone plate is set at 25-65° to the horizontal direction, such as 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55° and 60°, so as to improve the dehydration efficiency and dehydration effect of the cyclone dehydrator 10.

[0088] In one embodiment, the cyclone plate is an arc-shaped plate, the central angle of the arc-shaped plate is 90-180°, and the arc-shaped plate is arranged at an angle of 1-90° to the horizontal direction according to the corresponding chord, preferably 25-65°, such as 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55° and 60°, thereby improving the dehydration efficiency and dehydration effect of the cyclone dehydrator 10.

[0089] In one embodiment, the top of the lower slag opening 6 is provided with an arched convex top structure, and the ratio of the height of the arched convex top structure to the length of the lower slag opening 6 is (1-50):200, such as 1:100, 1:20, 4:50, 5:40 and 1:4, so as to buffer the descending slag, make the slag flow more evenly along the inner wall of the lower slag opening 6, reduce the risk of blockage of the lower slag opening 6, ensure the smooth descent of the synthesis gas and slag, and help to improve the uniformity and cooling rate of subsequent cooling. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the height of the arched convex top structure refers to the distance from its top to its bottom.

[0090] In one embodiment, the slag lowering opening 6 is made of a water pipe coil with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0091] In one embodiment, the thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining on the lower slag port 6 is 5-20 mm, such as 10 mm and 15 mm.

[0092] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the lower slag opening 6 is 400-1500 mm, such as 500 mm, 600 mm, 700 mm, 800 mm, 900 mm, 1000 mm, 1100 mm, 1200 mm, 1300 mm and 1400 mm.

[0093] In one embodiment, the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is made of water pipes with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0094] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is 100-10000mm, such as 200mm, 500mm, 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 4000mm, 5000mm, 6000mm, 7000mm, 8000mm and 9000mm; the height is 200-10000mm, such as 300mm, 500mm, 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 4000mm, 5000mm, 6000mm, 7000mm, 8000mm and 9000mm.

[0095] In one embodiment, the thickness of the fireproof lining in the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is 5-20 mm, such as 10 mm and 15 mm.

[0096] In one embodiment, the water-cooled wall on the gasification chamber 2 is made of water pipes with a diameter of 10-200 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes.

[0097] In one embodiment, the thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining 3 on the gasification chamber 2 is 5-20 mm, such as 10 mm and 15 mm.

[0098] In one embodiment, the top and bottom of the gasification chamber 2 are respectively conical necking structures.

[0099] In one embodiment, the shell fire lining 5 on the shell 4 has a thickness of 5-500 mm, such as 10 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm and 400 mm.

[0100] The present invention Figure 1 The operation process of the multi-burner top-mounted entrained flow gasifier of the illustrated embodiment is as follows:

[0101] The entrained flow gasifier is preheated and ignited by the ever-burning burner 17, and the pulverized coal process burner 18 is used to feed pulverized coal into the gasification chamber 2, and high-temperature synthesis gas and slag are generated in the gasification chamber 2. The high-temperature synthesis gas and slag descend into the descending channel of the cooling chamber through the lower slag port 6, and are sequentially cooled by the quenching ring pipe 7, atomized by the atomizing water spray device 8, and cooled by a water bath in the water bath at the bottom of the cooling chamber. The cooled synthesis gas flows upward through the annular separation channel 12 to the cyclone dehydrator 10 for cyclone dehydration treatment, and the dehydrated synthesis gas is output through the synthesis gas outlet 19; the cooled slag forms slag water in the water bath and is output through the slag water outlet 13; during this operation, water for the water bath is injected into the cooling chamber through the water bath inlet 20, and the inlet and outlet balance between the water bath inlet 20 and the slag water outlet 13 is ensured, so that a water bath is formed at the bottom of the cooling chamber.

[0102] Example 1

[0103] A multi-burner overhead entrained flow gasifier Figure 1-3As shown, it includes a shell 4 and a burner part, a gasification chamber 2, a cooling chamber and a slag water outlet 13 which are connected in sequence from top to bottom and are coaxially arranged; the burner part and the slag water outlet 13 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the shell 4, and the gasification chamber 2 and the cooling chamber are respectively arranged in the shell 4; the burner part includes a burner seat 1 and a burner combination; the burner seat 1 is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber 2; the burner combination includes a long-burning burner 17 and 6 pulverized coal process burners 18; the long-burning burner 17 is arranged at the center of the burner seat 1 for ignition; the 6 pulverized coal process burners 18 are evenly dispersed on the burner seat 1 and arranged around the periphery of the long-burning burner 17 for feeding; the bottom of the burner seat 1 A water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is provided, the bottom of which is flush with the fire-facing end of the burner combination and openings are provided at positions corresponding to the ever-burning lamp burner 17 and the pulverized coal process burner 18, so that materials from the ever-burning lamp burner 17 and the pulverized coal process burner 18 can enter the gasification chamber 2; a protective gas pressure balance pipe 16 is also provided on the burner seat 1, which is used to balance the pressure inside the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 and the pressure inside the gasification chamber 2; a fireproof lining is also provided on the fire-facing side of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15; the gasification chamber 2 is formed by a water-cooled coil, the inner side of which is provided with a water-cooled wall fireproof lining, and a distance is left between the gasification chamber 2 and the shell 4 to form an annular buffer space between the two. ; A slag lowering port 6 connected to the cooling chamber is provided at the bottom of the gasification chamber 2, which is used for the synthesis gas and slag to descend to the cooling chamber; the slag lowering port 6 is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is provided on the inner side thereof; the cooling chamber is surrounded by the slag lowering port 6, a slag water outlet 13 and a shell 4 therebetween, and a quenching ring pipe 7, an atomizing water spraying device 8 and a downcomer 9 with the same inner diameter are coaxially provided in sequence from top to bottom below the slag lowering port in the cooling chamber, and the three are fixedly connected in sequence to form a descending channel; the top of the quenching ring pipe 7 is fixed on the top inner wall of the cooling chamber, and is connected to the slag lowering port 6, and is used for quenching and cooling the synthesis gas and slag descending from the slag lowering port 6; the atomizing water spraying device 8 is used for The synthesis gas and slag after being quenched and cooled by the quenching ring pipe 7 are sprayed and cooled to form slag water; the upper conduit 11 is coaxially sleeved on the lower outer side of the lower conduit 9, and the lower end of the upper conduit 11 is lower than the lower end of the lower conduit 9. An annular separation channel 12 is formed between the lower conduit 9 and the upper conduit 11 for the synthesis gas after cooling to pass through; the outer side of the lower conduit 9 is also coaxially sleeved with a cyclone dehydrator 10, and the cyclone dehydrator 10 is arranged at the top of the annular separation channel 12, and is used to dehydrate the synthesis gas from the annular separation channel 12; the slag water outlet 13 is located at the bottom of the cooling chamber, and is used for slag water output; the upper part of the side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet 19, and the lower part is provided with a water bath inlet 20;The synthesis gas outlet 19 is used to output the dehydrated synthesis gas; the water bath inlet 20 is used to introduce water for the water bath into the cooling chamber; wherein, the ratio of the distance between the pulverized coal process burner 18 and the ever-burning lamp burner 17 to the diameter of the gasification chamber 2 is 3:50; the quenching ring pipe 7 includes an annular water collecting box 71, a quenching water inlet 72 and a water distribution ring 73; the annular water collecting box 71 is fixed to the top inner wall of the cooling chamber through its top, and a water outlet is formed between its top and the upper end of the fire-facing side box wall, for the quenching water therein to flow out from the water outlet along the fire-facing side of the fire-facing side box wall; the quenching water inlet 72 is arranged on the annular water collecting box 71 in a tangential direction, for Inject chilling water into the annular water collecting tank 71; there are four chilling water inlets 72; the inner diameter of the top end of the annular water collecting tank 71 is smaller than the inner diameter of the box wall on the fire-facing side, and an extension end is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side; the water distribution ring 73 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the extension end, and a water distribution annular gap 74 with a width of 5 mm is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side, so as to distribute the chilling water from the annular water collecting tank 71 in an annular manner and form a water film on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side; the atomized water spray device 8 includes a spray fixed pipe and two spray units arranged on the spray fixed pipe from top to bottom, and the spray fixed pipe is fixed to the lower end of the chilling ring pipe 7 through its upper end; the spray unit It includes a spray water inlet pipe and 10 atomizing nozzles, wherein the first end of the spray water inlet pipe is fixed on the inner wall of the shell 4 in the cooling chamber, and is provided with a spray water inlet for water intake; the second end of the spray water inlet pipe is arranged around the outside of the spray fixed pipe, and the 10 atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals in the surrounding part of the second end, so that the water from the spray water inlet pipe forms atomized water through the atomizing nozzles; a spray hole is arranged on the spray fixed pipe at a position corresponding to the atomizing nozzle, so that the atomized water from the atomizing nozzle passes through the spray hole and is sprayed into the spray fixed pipe; the atomizing nozzle is arranged at 30° with the horizontal direction, and the angle is below the horizontal direction; the upper conduit 11 and The length ratio of the overlapping part of the lower conduit 9 to the lower conduit 9 is 2:3, and the length ratio of the overlapping part of the upper conduit 11 and the lower conduit 9 to the upper conduit 11 is 3:5; the annular gap width of the annular separation channel 12 is 150mm; the upper conduit 11 is a cylindrical conduit; 50 cyclone plates are arranged in the cyclone dehydrator 10, which are evenly dispersed in the cyclone dehydrator 10; the cyclone plates are flat plates, and the cyclone plates are arranged at 40° with the horizontal direction; the top of the lower slag outlet 6 is provided with an arched convex top structure, and the ratio of the height of the arched convex top structure to the length of the lower slag outlet 6 is 1:20; the inner diameter of the lower slag outlet 6 is 800mm and the length is 2000mm;The lower slag opening 6 is made of a water pipe coil with a diameter of 30 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes. The thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining on the lower slag opening 6 is 10 mm. The water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is made of a water pipe coil with a diameter of 30 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes. The diameter of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is 500 mm and the height is 1000 mm. The thickness of the fireproof lining in the water-cooled wall protection cylinder 15 is 10 mm. The water-cooled wall on the gasification chamber 2 is made of a water pipe coil with a diameter of 30 mm and sealed and welded between the water pipes. The thickness of the water-cooled wall fireproof lining 3 on the gasification chamber 2 is 10 mm. The top and bottom of the gasification chamber 2 are respectively conical shrinkage structures. The thickness of the shell fireproof lining 5 on the shell 4 is 30 mm. The inner diameter of the gasification chamber 2 is 3200 mm and the height is 5500 mm. The inner diameter of the cooling chamber is 3200 mm and the height is 6000 mm. ;

[0104] By using the gasifier of Example 1, when the coal input is 2000 tons / day, the gasification operating pressure is 4.5 MPa, the gasification operating temperature is 1350°C and the gasifier is operated under normal conditions, the annual average operation period of the gasifier of the present invention can reach 300 days, the gasification efficiency can reach 96%, and the carbon conversion rate can reach 99.5%. Compared with the single-nozzle overhead gasifier under the same conditions, the average operation period is increased by at least 50 days, the gasification efficiency is increased by at least 3%, and the carbon conversion rate is increased by at least 0.5%. Based on a single furnace, at least 3 million yuan of additional revenue can be achieved each year.

[0105] The multi-burner top-mounted fluidized flow gasifier of the present invention has high gasification efficiency, simple start-up process, safe and reliable structure, low investment and operation cost, long operation life, and can operate safely and stably for a long period of time; compared with the fluidized flow gasifier with opposed burners, the multi-burner top-mounted fluidized flow gasifier of the present invention can avoid overheating of its top, and its gasification chamber and downcomer are not easily damaged, and the fluidized flow gasifier operates safely and stably and has a long operation period.

Claims

1. A multi-burner overhead entrained flow gasifier, characterized in that: The entrained flow gasifier comprises a shell (4), and a burner portion, a gasification chamber (2), a cooling chamber and a slag-water outlet (13) which are sequentially connected and coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the burner portion and the slag-water outlet (13) are respectively located at the top and bottom of the shell (4), and the gasification chamber (2) and the cooling chamber are respectively arranged in the shell (4); The burner portion comprises a burner seat (1) and a burner assembly; the burner seat (1) is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber (2); the burner assembly comprises a permanent lamp burner (17) and at least two pulverized coal process burners (18); the permanent lamp burner (17) is arranged at the center of the burner seat (1) for ignition; the at least two pulverized coal process burners (18) are evenly dispersed on the burner seat (1) and arranged around the periphery of the permanent lamp burner (17) for feeding; the permanent lamp burner (17) and the pulverized coal process burner (18) are both arranged in a vertical direction; the bottom of the burner seat (1) is provided with A water-cooled wall protection cylinder (15) is provided, the bottom of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder (15) is flush with the fire-facing end of the burner assembly and openings are provided at positions corresponding to the ever-burning lamp burner (17) and the pulverized coal process burner (18), so that materials from the ever-burning lamp burner (17) and the pulverized coal process burner (18) can enter the gasification chamber (2); a protective gas pressure balance pipe (16) is also provided on the burner seat (1) for balancing the pressure inside the water-cooled wall protection cylinder (15) and the pressure inside the gasification chamber (2); a fireproof lining is also provided on the fire-facing side of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder (15); The gasification chamber (2) is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged on the inner side thereof; a distance is left between the gasification chamber (2) and the shell (4) to form an annular buffer space between the two; a slag lowering port (6) connected to the cooling chamber is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber (2) for the syngas and slag to descend to the cooling chamber; the slag lowering port (6) is formed by a water-cooled coil, and a water-cooled wall fireproof lining is arranged on the inner side thereof; The cooling chamber is surrounded by the lower slag opening (6), the slag water outlet (13) and the shell (4) therebetween. A quenching ring pipe (7), an atomized water spray device (8) and a downpipe (9) having the same inner diameter are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom below the lower slag opening in the cooling chamber, and the three are fixedly connected in sequence to form a descending channel. The top of the quenching ring pipe (7) is fixed on the top inner wall of the cooling chamber and is connected to the lower slag opening (6) for controlling the slag water from the lower slag opening (6) to flow into the cooling chamber. The descending synthesis gas and slag are quenched and cooled; the atomized water spray device (8) is used to spray and cool the synthesis gas and slag after being quenched and cooled by the quenching ring pipe (7) and form slag water; the lower outer part of the lower conduit (9) is coaxially sleeved with an upper conduit (11), the lower end of the upper conduit (11) is lower than the lower end of the lower conduit (9), and an annular separation channel (12) is formed between the lower conduit (9) and the upper conduit (11) for the synthesis gas after cooling to pass through; A cyclone dehydrator (10) is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the downcomer (9), and the cyclone dehydrator (10) is arranged at the top of the annular separation channel (12) and is used to dehydrate the cyclone flow of the synthetic gas from the annular separation channel (12); The slag water outlet (13) is located at the bottom of the cooling chamber and is used for discharging slag water; The upper part of the side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet (19), and the lower part is provided with a water bath inlet (20); the synthesis gas outlet (19) is used to output the dehydrated synthesis gas; the water bath inlet (20) is used to introduce water for the water bath into the cooling chamber; wherein, The quenching ring pipe (7) comprises an annular water collecting tank (71), a quenching water inlet (72) and a water distribution ring (73); The annular water collecting tank (71) is fixed to the top inner wall of the cooling chamber through its top, and a water outlet is formed between its top and the upper end of the box wall on the fire side, so that the quenching water therein flows out from the water outlet along the fire side of the box wall on the fire side; The quenching water inlet (72) is arranged on the annular water collecting tank (71) in a tangential direction, and is used to inject quenching water into the annular water collecting tank (71) from the tangential direction; The inner diameter of the top end of the annular water collecting tank (71) is smaller than the inner diameter of the box wall on the fire-facing side, and an extension end is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side; the water distribution ring (73) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the extension end, and a water distribution annular gap (74) is formed on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side, so as to distribute the quenching water from the annular water collecting tank (71) in an annular manner and form a water film on the fire-facing side of the box wall on the fire-facing side.

2. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the distance between the pulverized coal process burner (18) and the ever-burning lamp burner (17) to the diameter of the gasification chamber (2) is (1-5):

50.

3. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomized water spray device (8) comprises a spray fixed pipe and 1 to 4 spray units arranged on the spray fixed pipe from top to bottom, and the spray fixed pipe is fixed to the lower end of the quenching ring pipe (7) through its upper end; The spray unit comprises a spray water inlet pipe and 1-20 atomizing nozzles, wherein the first end of the spray water inlet pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the shell (4) in the cooling chamber and is provided with a spray water inlet for water intake; the second end of the spray water inlet pipe is arranged around the outside of the spray fixed pipe, and the 1-20 atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals around the surrounding part of the second end, so that the water from the spray water inlet pipe is formed into atomized water through the atomizing nozzles; A spray hole is arranged on the fixed spray pipe at a position corresponding to the atomizing nozzle, so as to allow the atomized water from the atomizing nozzle to pass through the spray hole and spray into the fixed spray pipe.

4. The entrained flow gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit (11) and the lower conduit (9) to the lower conduit (9) is (8-12):

15.

5. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length ratio of the overlapping portion of the upper conduit (11) and the lower conduit (9) to the upper conduit (11) is (5-8):

10.

6. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the upper conduit (11) is 200-400 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lower conduit (9).

7. The entrained flow gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 6, characterized in that: The upper conduit (11) is a straight conduit, including a cylindrical conduit and a hollow prism conduit; or The upper conduit (11) is a truncated cone-shaped conduit with a bottom diameter greater than a top diameter; or The upper conduit (11) is formed by at least two conduit segments of different structures being connected in sequence; the conduit segments include a cylindrical conduit segment, a truncated cone conduit segment and a hollow prism conduit segment.

8. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 7, characterized in that: At least one cyclone plate is arranged in the cyclone dehydrator (10).

9. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are 6 to 100 cyclone plates, and the 6 to 100 cyclone plates are evenly dispersedly arranged in the cyclone dehydrator (10) to form a plurality of dehydration channels.

10. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: The swirl plate is a flat plate, and the swirl plate is arranged at 1-90 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction.

11. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: The swirl plate is an arc-shaped plate, the central angle of the arc-shaped plate is 90-180°, and the arc-shaped plate is arranged at an angle of 1-90° between the corresponding chord and the horizontal direction.

12. The entrained flow gasifier according to any one of claims 1-3, 5-6 and 8-11, characterized in that: The top of the lower slag opening (6) is provided with an arched convex top structure, and the ratio of the height of the arched convex top structure to the length of the lower slag opening (6) is (1-50):

200.

13. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 12, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the slag lowering opening (6) is 400-1500 mm and the length is 1000-3000 mm.

14. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 12, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the water-cooled wall protection cylinder (15) is 100-10000 mm and the height is 200-10000 mm.

15. The entrained flow gasifier according to claim 12, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the gasification chamber (2) are respectively conical necking structures.

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