Hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure

Abstract

Hollow hump type ecological slope protection structure: composed of a hump part and a plane part, the hump part includes a hump solid part and a hump hollow part, the plane part includes a plane solid part and a plane hollow part; the hump part is a strip boss composed of the solid parts on both sides of the hump and the plane solid parts on the top, rectangular holes are opened in the solid parts on both sides of the hump, and the hump hollow part is used for wave dissipation and water permeability; the plane part is the plane solid part at the bottom between the two humps, and rectangular holes are opened in the plane solid part, and the plane hollow part is used for wave dissipation and water permeability. The present invention has good energy dissipation effect, can effectively absorb wave energy, reduce water climbing, reduce wave height, help reduce the impact of waves on the structural stability of hydraulic structures, and control land water and overtopping. The present invention itself has good stability. Due to its high water permeability, the negative pressure is small when the wave trough acts, and the wave force it is subjected to is also relatively small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological slope protection, and in particular to a hollow camel-hump type ecological slope protection structure. Background Art

[0002] Slope protection refers to the general term for various paving and planting on the slope surface to prevent the slope from being eroded. At present, there are two common slope protection structures in the fields of highways and water conservancy: one is to use slope protection components (such as twisted blocks, articulated slope protection bricks, concrete frames, etc.). The construction process of this type of slope protection is relatively complicated during installation. Structural damage such as broken legs may occur during the lifting process, which will bury hidden dangers for the future protection surface safety. At the same time, the protection surface is difficult to repair after local damage under extreme conditions. The use of demolition methods is not only difficult to construct but also causes great waste and high repair costs (Yang Huili, Liu Haicheng, Chen Hanbao. Experimental study on wave stability of twisted block bank damage repair method [J]. China Harbor Construction, 2019, 39(04):50-54.); The other type of slope protection structure is to use concrete full slope protection or mortar masonry slope protection. This type of slope protection structure has better anti-scouring performance and long effective slope protection time, but it has a significant heat island effect, cannot achieve plant planting, and has poor ecological effect. The impact on the environment is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Impact on the ecological environment. Traditional slope protection generally adopts the specific form of closed slope protection, which fails to provide the necessary living conditions for the organisms and microorganisms in the river channel and destroys the self-purification ability of the river channel. At the same time, the slope surface of the traditional slope protection structure is relatively hard, and various aquatic plants are difficult to grow on the structural slope surface, which leads to an overall imbalance of the ecosystem and damages the ecological environment to varying degrees. (2) Impact on the environmental landscape. Traditional slope protection lacks the planting of green vegetation such as lawns and trees, which is not in line with the ecological concept and lacks coordination with the surrounding environment. In addition, if the slope protection structure is damaged and aged, it will generate construction waste, which will have an adverse impact on the environmental landscape (Li Guoqing. Discussion on the innovative forms and ideas of traditional slope protection for river embankments [J]. Groundwater, 2019, 41(05):274-275.).

[0003] In order to solve the stability problem of slope protection components, relevant specifications or empirical formulas (such as "Breakwater and Bank Protection Design Code" (JTS 154-2018), Hudson formula, etc.) are usually referred to during the design process. However, these specifications and formulas are mostly derived from tests with normal wave incidence (the wave crest line is perpendicular to the axis of the embankment body), and the wave incidence angle is not considered. In actual engineering, waves often act obliquely, and the interaction between waves and facing blocks is more complicated. At this time, the connection effect between slope protection components is relatively weak, and instability may still occur.

[0004] In view of the problem that the concrete full slope protection or mortar-laid stone slope protection affects the environment, some solutions have been proposed, for example: Patent No. CN201220487845.4: A slope ecological embankment discloses a slope ecological embankment, which is formed by sequentially arranging a geotextile filter layer, a porous concrete slope protection, a plant planting trough foot protection, and a wetland plant on the basis of the original stable structure slope. Among them, the stable structure slope is an original soil with a stable structure; the geotextile filter layer is a layer of permeable non-woven geotextile; the porous concrete slope protection is formed by laying a single-layer spherical assembly made of porous concrete material; the plant planting trough foot protection is set at the connection between the slope foot and the riverbed; the wetland plant is a plant planted in the porous concrete slope protection and the plant planting trough. The slope ecological embankment has a stable and safe structure and has the functions of purifying river water quality and building a river embankment ecosystem. However, the "net" formed by the single-layer spherical combination is unstable. Once one of the spheres is missing, the other spheres are very likely to shift, resulting in soil and water loss.

[0005] The commonly used surface protection structures in existing water conservancy projects include plate-type surface protection and prefabricated slope protection components. Among them, the plate-type surface protection has poor permeability and aesthetics, while the prefabricated blocks have poor durability and high requirements on construction technology. If a single block becomes unstable, it may cause the entire slope to become unstable.

[0006] With the development of society, environmental awareness has increased. At the same time, with the increase in extreme climates and the complexity of hydrodynamic conditions, there is an urgent need to propose an ecological slope protection structure that has both ecological and performance effects.

[0007] References

[0008] [1] Yang Huili, Liu Haicheng, Chen Hanbao. Experimental study on wave stability of damaged revetment with twisted block[J]. China Harbour Construction, 2019, 39(04):50-54.

[0009] [2] Li Guoqing. Discussion on innovative forms and ideas of traditional slope protection for river embankments[J]. Groundwater, 2019, 41(05): 274-275. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure. As a slope protection structure for rivers, lakes or offshore projects, this hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure has good energy dissipation effect, good self-stability performance, and good ecological effect.

[0011] The technical solution to accomplish the above-mentioned invention task is a hollow camel hump type ecological slope protection structure, characterized in that the hollow camel hump type ecological slope protection structure is composed of a hump part and a plane part, the hump part includes a hump solid part and a hump hollow part, and the plane part includes a plane solid part and a plane hollow part; the hump part refers to: a strip-shaped boss composed of solid parts on both sides of the hump (inclined plates on both sides) and a plane solid part on the top (top flat plate), rectangular holes are opened in the solid parts on both sides of the hump, which are the hump hollow parts for wave breaking and water permeability; the plane part refers to: the plane solid part (bottom flat plate) at the bottom between the two humps, rectangular holes are opened in the plane solid part, which are the plane hollow parts for wave breaking and water permeability.

[0012] The solid part structure needs to be prefabricated using a mold, and the material can be polyurethane crushed stone material or concrete material.

[0013] There are three humps on the surface of the protective structure, of which the height of the humps on both sides is relatively large (generally 0.6~1.2 times the thickness of the flat part), and the height of the middle hump is relatively small (generally 0.4~0.8 times the height of the humps on both sides). The purpose of increasing the roughness is achieved through the undulation of the surface of the protective structure. When the water moves on the upper part of the protective surface, the energy can be dissipated more fully and evenly, and the wave height is attenuated, thereby reducing the impact of the water on the upper and rear buildings. The width of the rectangular holes on the two humps is relatively large (generally 1 / 2 of the width of the sloping plates of the two humps), and the width of the openings in the middle hump is relatively small (generally 1 / 2 of the width of the sloping plates of the middle hump).

[0014] A rectangular hole is opened on each side of each hump, and a rectangular hole is opened on the plane between every two humps. Each block has a total of 8 holes, which can play a water-permeable role. Water can penetrate into the cushion layer and the core of the embankment through the openings, consuming wave energy and reducing wave height. The openings can help to achieve the exchange with the cushion stone and the core of the embankment, further playing a role in reducing energy.

[0015] Because this water-permeable surface retains the porous and permeable structure of the cushion gravel, the ability of this slope protection component to absorb wave impact has been greatly improved compared with traditional methods. The pores between the gravel also contribute to the growth of plants such as aquatic plants.

[0016] During the actual construction, the cushion stone is laid on the slope (filling material in the embankment core), and the hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure is installed after the cushion stone is leveled. The lower end of the hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure is set with prism riprap and bottom protection block stone.

[0017] The movement of waves on the revetment slope can be divided into four stages, namely breaking, impact, climbing and falling. When the wave moves on the slope, it breaks as the water depth gradually decreases, and the wave crest rolls forward. Then a large amount of water hits the slope from top to bottom, which produces a strong impact force on the revetment. After hitting the revetment, the water climbs along the slope, and starts to fall back after reaching the highest point. When it falls back to the lowest point, the periodic movement of the next wave will begin again. Among the four stages of wave movement, the "impact" and "fall" of the wave have an important impact on the stability of the revetment. When the wave impacts the slope revetment, the positive pressure on the revetment is very large. Relatively speaking, the wave falling process is the most dangerous for the stability of the revetment itself. Because when the waves climb to the highest point, water also seeps into the inside of the embankment, and the water level is equivalent to the climbing point. When the waves fall back along the slope surface, the surface water drops quickly. Once the water permeability of the protective layer is poor, it will affect the discharge of pore water at the bottom of the protective layer. A head difference will be generated inside and outside the protective layer, forming an outward support force on the protective surface. Once it exceeds the underwater weight of the protective surface, it will cause the protective surface to become unstable. This large positive pressure has a great impact on the strength of the protective structure itself, causing structural damage. This protective structure is subject to a phase difference in the force of the waves, and the positive pressure of the waves is relatively small. At the same time, the hollow structure on the upper part of the protective surface can relieve pressure when the water falls back, and the buoyancy force on the entire structure is also small. Therefore, this protective structure has excellent self-stability.

[0018] The present invention has a good energy dissipation effect as a slope protection structure for rivers, lakes or offshore projects. When the hydraulic structure is affected by wind and waves in a small wind area or long-period swells in the open sea, when the water body spreads to the slope protection and climbs up on the upper part of the slope protection, the slope protection can effectively absorb wave energy, reduce the height of the water body, and reduce the wave height, which helps to reduce the impact of waves on the structural stability of hydraulic structures and control water on land and overtopping. Under the same slope and the same conditions, the height of waves climbing on the upper part of this kind of slope protection is about 2 / 3 of the height of waves climbing on the upper part of traditional concrete full slope protection or mortar-laid stone slope protection.

[0019] The present invention has good stability performance. Since the present invention has high water permeability, the negative pressure is small when the wave trough acts, the wave force is relatively small, the stability performance is good, and the stability thickness required to meet the stability of the present invention under the action of waves is relatively small. The stability thickness only needs to be about 1 / 2 of the thickness of the traditional concrete full slope protection or mortar stone slope protection.

[0020] At the same time, the present invention has a good ecological effect. Since the surface permeability of the present invention is large (about 30%), the gaps between the slope protection components themselves and the slope protection components are conducive to plant growth, bringing landscape effects and playing a role in stabilizing the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the setting mode of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example 1, a hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure, as shown in the figure, can be used as an outer protective masonry in river banks, dams, waterways or other similar projects.

[0024] Referring to the attached figure: a hollow camel hump type ecological slope protection structure 7, the hollow camel hump type ecological slope protection structure is composed of a hump part 1 and a plane part 2, the hump part 1 includes a hump solid part 5 and a hump hollow part 3, and the plane part 2 includes a plane solid part 6 and a plane hollow part 4. The hump part 1 refers to: a strip-shaped boss composed of the solid parts on both sides of the hump (the inclined plates on both sides) and the plane solid part on the top (the top flat plate), and rectangular holes are opened in the solid parts on both sides of the hump, which are the hump hollow parts 3, used for wave elimination and water permeability; the plane part 2 refers to: the plane solid part 6 (bottom flat plate) at the bottom between the two humps, and rectangular holes are opened in the plane solid part 6, which are the plane hollow parts 4, used for wave elimination and water permeability. During actual construction, a cushion stone 8 is laid on the slope (embankment core filler) 9, and the cushion stone is leveled before installing the hollow hump type ecological slope protection structure 7. The lower end of the hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure 7 is provided with prism riprap 10 and bottom protection block stones 11 .

[0025] The hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure 7 needs to be prefabricated using a mold, and the material can be selected from concrete or polyurethane crushed stone. The cushion stone 8 here should not be too large or too small. If the block stone is too large, it will cause difficulty in construction and leveling, thereby increasing the difficulty of slope protection installation. If the block stone is too small, washing will occur between the hump hollow part 3 and the plane hollow part 4 during the later protection process, thereby causing uneven settlement of the slope protection. The particle size of the cushion stone 8 can be determined by model testing.

[0026] In addition, the slope (filling material in the embankment core) 9 should be selected according to the site conditions, and 10~100kg blocks of stone can be used. For areas with large engineering volume and lack of stone materials, alternative materials such as quarried stone, stone ballast or bagged sand and soil can also be used.

[0027] At the foot of the slope, 10 prism ripraps are laid, and the elevation of the top of the prism riprap should not be higher than 1.0 times the design wave height below the design low water level; the width and thickness of the top surface of the prism can be determined according to the water depth and cross-sectional dimensions, and its width should not be less than 2m, and its thickness should not be less than 1m; for deep water embankments, its width should not be less than 5m, and its thickness should not be less than 3m.

[0028] The width of the bottom protection stone 11 should not be less than 5m for the embankment body section and 10m for the embankment head section. It should be appropriately increased when the flow velocity and water depth are large. Two layers can be used, and the thickness should not be less than 0.5m.

Claims

1. A hollow camel-hump ecological slope protection structure, characterized in that: The hollow hump-type ecological slope protection structure is composed of a hump part and a plane part, the hump part includes a hump solid part and a hump hollow part, and the plane part includes a plane solid part and a plane hollow part; the hump part refers to: a strip-shaped boss composed of solid parts on both sides of the hump and a plane solid part on the top, rectangular holes are opened in the solid parts on both sides of the hump, which are the hump hollow parts for wave elimination and water permeability; the plane part refers to: a plane solid part at the bottom between the two humps, a rectangular hole is opened in the plane solid part, which is a plane hollow part for wave elimination and water permeability; There are three humps on the surface of the protective structure, of which the humps on both sides are relatively high, and the humps in the middle are relatively small. The rectangular holes on the humps on both sides are relatively wide, and the opening width of the humps in the middle is relatively small. A rectangular hole is opened on both sides of each hump, and a rectangular hole is opened on the flat surface of the hump. Each block has 8 holes in total.

2. The hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The structure of the entity part is prefabricated by using a mold, and the material used is polyurethane crushed stone material or concrete material.

3. The hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Prismatic riprap and bottom protection blocks are set at the lower end of the hollow hump-type ecological slope protection structure. The top elevation of the riprap prism should not be higher than 1.0 times the design wave height value below the design low water level; the top surface width and thickness of the prism are determined according to the water depth and cross-sectional dimensions, and its width should not be less than 2m, and the thickness should not be less than 1m; for deep water embankments, its width should not be less than 5m, and the thickness should not be less than 3m.

4. The hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The width of the bottom protection stone shall not be less than 5m in the embankment body section and not less than 10m in the embankment head section.

5. The hollow hump-shaped ecological slope protection structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The bottom protection stone blocks are provided in two layers, with a thickness of not less than 0.5m.

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