High energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles. By reducing the height of the positive and negative electrodes, keeping the width unchanged, reducing the amount of positive and negative active substances, and adopting an edge negative plate group, the overall weight of the battery is reduced to 5.5 kilograms, while maintaining the same appearance size, keeping the pole lead-out structure unchanged, the position of the acid adding port unchanged, and slightly increasing the diameter of the acid adding port, quantitative acid addition is achieved while the electrolyte fully reacts with the electrode, and the final result is that the battery opening voltage range is narrowed and the battery assembly rate is improved; by changing the uneven current distribution on the pole plate, the pole plate length-width ratio is reasonably set, and the utilization rate of the upper part and the lower part of the pole plate is increased; by changing the state of overcharge and overdischarge on the upper part of the pole plate and shallow charge and shallow discharge on the lower part of the pole plate, the maximum uniformity of the electrochemical reaction of the pole plate is achieved, and then the consistency and stability of the battery in the actual application process will be improved, and the various performances of the battery are stably improved while the service life of the battery is extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a lead-acid battery, in particular to a high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, belonging to the technical field of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The development of electric bicycles depends on one of the most core components - batteries. So far, the quality of batteries has not been up to standard, which has hindered the rapid development of electric bicycles.

[0003] At present, the main batteries used in electric bicycles are: lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lead-acid batteries have a long history of industrialization, relatively mature production technology, and a mature industrial chain, so the manufacturing cost is relatively low. After several years of technological progress, the performance and reliability of lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles have been greatly improved, and they can basically meet the use requirements of electric bicycles. Therefore, lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles dominate more than 95% of the market in the entire electric bicycle industry with their unparalleled cost-effectiveness, and their vitality cannot be replaced by other types of batteries.

[0004] Although the lead-acid battery technology for electric bicycles has made great progress compared to a few years ago, its service life is still not completely satisfactory to users, especially for users who travel long distances on a single charge. At present, the cost of battery replacement is higher than the cost of electricity. Improving the service life of the battery will significantly reduce the cost of use for users.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, which is used to solve the problems of unreasonable length-to-width ratio of the lead-acid battery plate, high utilization rate of the upper part of the plate, low utilization rate of the lower part, overcharge and overdischarge of the upper part of the plate and shallow charge and discharge of the lower part, and low battery charge and discharge efficiency. By reducing the height of the positive and negative electrodes, the width remains unchanged, the amount of positive and negative active substances is reduced, and the edge negative plate group is adopted, the overall weight of the battery is reduced to 5.5 kilograms, the appearance size is kept consistent, the pole lead-out structure remains unchanged, the position of the acid adding port remains unchanged, and the diameter of the acid adding port is slightly enlarged, so that the electrolyte fully reacts with the electrode while quantitative acid addition is achieved, and the final result is that the battery opening voltage range is narrowed and the battery assembly rate is improved; by changing the uneven current distribution on the plate, the length-to-width ratio of the plate is set reasonably, and the utilization rate of the upper part and the lower part of the plate is increased; by changing the state of overcharge and overdischarge of the upper part of the plate and shallow charge and discharge of the lower part, the maximum uniformity of the electrochemical reaction of the plate is achieved, and then the consistency and stability of the battery in the actual application process will be improved, and the battery performance is stably improved while the battery service life is extended.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, comprising a battery bottom cover, a battery top cover, an acid-adding safety valve, a positive lead-out block, a positive pole column, an exhaust safety valve, a negative pole column, a hanging block, a negative lead-out block, a battery housing, an exhaust port, a lower bus, a side negative plate, a partition, an upper bus, a side negative plate cluster, an electrolyte and a safety valve seal, a battery top cover is placed on the upper side of the battery housing, a battery bottom cover is placed on the lower side of the battery housing, a positive lead-out block and a negative lead-out block are installed on the upper side of the battery top cover, and the positive lead-out block and the negative lead-out block are diagonally installed on the upper side of the battery top cover A positive pole is installed on the upper side of the positive lead-out block, a negative pole is installed on the upper side of the negative lead-out block, an acid adding port is provided on the sides of the positive lead-out block and the negative lead-out block, an exhaust port is provided on the upper side of the battery cover between the two acid adding ports, the acid adding port and the exhaust port are arranged side by side on the upper side of the battery cover, an acid adding safety valve and an exhaust safety valve are installed on the surface of the acid adding port and the exhaust port, the acid adding safety valve and the exhaust safety valve are both equipped with safety valve seals, two hanging blocks are installed on the upper side of the battery cover, and the two hanging blocks are installed at both ends of the battery cover;

[0009] The battery shell has upper and lower openings, and the lower opening of the battery shell is provided with a demoulding slope of 1mm. An upper bus bar, a lower bus bar and a plurality of side negative plates are installed inside the battery shell. An electrolyte is placed inside the battery shell, and the upper bus bar, the lower bus bar and the plurality of side negative plates are immersed in the electrolyte. The upper bus bar and the lower bus bar constitute a positive plate, and a partition is installed between the plurality of side negative plates. The plurality of side negative plates constitute a side negative plate cluster, and the upper bus bar and the lower bus bar are inserted into the side negative plate cluster, and the lower bus bar is fixed to the upper side of the battery bottom cover.

[0010] Furthermore, the acid addition safety valve and the exhaust safety valve are both matched with the safety valve seal, and the three safety valve seals all adopt a long ultrasonic structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper bus and the lower bus are both directly connected structures, the upper bus and the lower bus are interspersed inside the side negative plate cluster at intervals, the side negative plate cluster and the lower bus are completely immersed in the electrolyte, and the upper bus is semi-impregnated.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper busbar, the lower busbar, the side negative plate, the positive pole and the negative pole are all made of anti-oxidation materials, the positive lead paste has a specific energy of 40Wh / kg, and the negative lead paste has a specific energy of 45Wh / kg.

[0013] Furthermore, the positive electrode column is lead dioxide, and the negative electrode column is a sponge lead plate made of alloy.

[0014] Furthermore, when the battery is discharged, the lead dioxide at the positive electrode reacts with the electrolyte to generate lead sulfate, and when the battery is charged, the sponge lead plate at the negative electrode generates lead dioxide and sulfuric acid precipitates.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrolyte is a mixture of an electrolyte medium and a sealant.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, the height of the positive and negative electrodes is reduced, the width remains unchanged, the amount of positive and negative active materials is reduced, and the edge negative plate group is adopted. The overall weight of the battery is reduced to 5.5 kg, while the appearance dimensions are kept consistent, the pole lead-out structure remains unchanged, the position of the acid adding port remains unchanged, and the diameter of the acid adding port is slightly enlarged, so that quantitative acid addition can be achieved while the electrolyte fully reacts with the electrodes. The final result is that the battery opening voltage range is reduced and the battery assembly rate is improved.

[0018] (2) The acid-adding safety valve and the exhaust safety valve are matched with the safety valve seal. The seals of the three safety valves all adopt a long ultrasonic structure. The sealing structure of the pole end remains unchanged. The bus structure is changed from the current cross-bridge structure to a direct-connected structure. The upper and lower busbars are immersed in the sealant as a whole. The upper busbar can adopt a semi-impregnated structure, and the lower busbar needs to be fully impregnated.

[0019] (3) An upper bus, a lower bus and a number of side negative plates are installed inside the battery shell. Electrolyte is placed inside the battery shell. The upper bus, the lower bus and the number of side negative plates are immersed in the electrolyte. The upper bus and the lower bus form a positive plate. A partition is installed between the side negative plates. The side negative plates form a side negative plate cluster. The upper bus and the lower bus are inserted into the side negative plate cluster. The lower bus is fixed on the upper side of the battery bottom cover to change the uneven current distribution on the plate. The length-width ratio of the plate is reasonably set, which increases the utilization rate of the upper and lower parts of the plate.

[0020] (4) Change the state of overcharge and overdischarge on the upper part of the plate and shallow charge and discharge on the lower part to achieve the maximum uniformity of the electrochemical reaction of the plate. The electrode reaction is uniform. ① The real reaction area increases, the current density on the electrode decreases, the depth of discharge to 10.5V increases, and the utilization rate of active substances is improved; ② The current distribution is uniform, the electrochemical reaction can be uniform, the reaction heat can be uniform, and there is no local electrochemical reaction overheating phenomenon, and finally the battery achieves uniform temperature distribution; ③ The electrochemical reaction is uniform, the electrolyte can be evenly distributed, and the long-standing difficult-to-solve salinization problem of the negative electrode can be eliminated to the maximum extent. At present, the solution to the salinization problem of the negative electrode is to add gas-phase nano-silica gel to the electrolyte, which has not been fundamentally solved, but the improvement is relatively large. At the same time, the addition of silica gel material also increases the impedance of the battery, affecting the release of more energy. This solution solves the salinization of the negative electrode and can save silica gel material, reducing costs; ④ The electrochemical reaction is uniform, only then can the oxygen be truly uniformly recombinated at the negative electrode, and the uniform recombination of oxygen can reduce water loss and extend the battery cycle life; ⑤ The electrochemical reaction is uniform, the electrode reaction impedance will be reduced, and the battery can stably output more energy. In short, the basis of uniform electrode reaction is that the current is evenly distributed on the electrode. Only when the electrode reacts evenly can the consistency and stability of the battery be improved during actual application. While the battery's various performance properties are steadily improved, the battery's service life is extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a maintenance-free lead-acid battery for a high-energy electric vehicle of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view of the maintenance-free lead-acid battery for high-energy electric vehicles of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of the maintenance-free lead-acid battery for high-energy electric vehicles of the present invention.

[0025] Among them: 1. Battery bottom cover; 2. Battery upper cover; 3. Acid adding safety valve; 4. Positive lead-out block; 5. Positive pole; 6. Exhaust safety valve; 7. Negative pole; 8. Hanging block; 9. Negative lead-out block; 10. Battery shell; 11. Exhaust port; 12. Lower bus; 13. Side negative plate; 14. Partition; 15. Upper bus; 16. Side negative plate cluster; 17. Electrolyte; 18. Safety valve seal; 19. Acid adding port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1-3 As shown, a high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles comprises a battery bottom cover 1, a battery top cover 2, an acid-adding safety valve 3, a positive lead-out block 4, a positive pole column 5, an exhaust safety valve 6, a negative pole column 7, a hanging block 8, a negative lead-out block 9, a battery housing 10, an exhaust port 11, a lower bus 12, a side negative plate 13, a partition 14, an upper bus 15, a side negative plate cluster 16, an electrolyte 17 and a safety valve seal 18. The battery top cover 2 is placed on the upper side of the battery housing 10, the battery bottom cover 1 is placed on the lower side of the battery housing 10, the positive lead-out block 4 and the negative lead-out block 9 are installed on the upper side of the battery top cover 2, and the positive lead-out block 4 and the negative lead-out block 9 are installed diagonally on the battery top cover. 2, a positive electrode column 5 is installed on the upper side of the positive lead-out block 4, a negative electrode column 7 is installed on the upper side of the negative lead-out block 9, an acid adding port 19 is provided on the sides of the positive lead-out block 4 and the negative lead-out block 9, an exhaust port 11 is provided on the upper side of the battery cover 2 between the two acid adding ports 19, the acid adding port 19 and the exhaust port 11 are arranged side by side on the upper side of the battery cover 2, an acid adding safety valve 3 and an exhaust safety valve 6 are installed on the surface of the acid adding port 19 and the exhaust port 11, the acid adding safety valve 3 and the exhaust safety valve 6 are both equipped with a safety valve seal 18, two hanging blocks 8 are installed on the upper side of the battery cover 2, and the two hanging blocks 8 are installed at both ends of the battery cover 2;

[0028] The battery shell 10 has upper and lower openings, and the lower opening of the battery shell 10 is provided with a demoulding slope of 1 mm. An upper busbar 15, a lower busbar 12 and a plurality of side negative plates 13 are installed inside the battery shell 10. An electrolyte 17 is placed inside the battery shell 10, and the upper busbar 15, the lower busbar 12 and the plurality of side negative plates 13 are all immersed in the electrolyte 17. The upper busbar 15 and the lower busbar 12 form a positive plate, and a partition 14 is installed between the plurality of the side negative plates 13. The plurality of the side negative plates 13 form a side negative plate cluster 16. The upper busbar 15 and the lower busbar 12 are inserted into the side negative plate cluster 16, and the lower busbar 12 is fixed to the upper side of the battery bottom cover 1.

[0029] The acid addition safety valve 3 and the exhaust safety valve 6 are matched with the safety valve seal 18, and the three safety valve seals 18 are all of long ultrasonic structure.

[0030] Among them, the upper bus 15 and the lower bus 12 are both directly connected structures, and the upper bus 15 and the lower bus 12 are interspersed inside the side negative plate cluster 16 at intervals. The side negative plate cluster 16 and the lower bus 12 are completely immersed in the electrolyte 17, and the upper bus 15 adopts a semi-impregnation method.

[0031] Among them, the upper busbar 15, the lower busbar 12, the side negative plate 13, the positive electrode column 5 and the negative electrode column 7 are all made of anti-oxidation materials, the positive electrode lead paste has a specific energy of 40Wh / kg, and the negative electrode lead paste has a specific energy of 45Wh / kg.

[0032] The positive electrode column 5 is made of lead dioxide, and the negative electrode column 7 is a sponge lead plate made of alloy.

[0033] When the battery is discharged, the lead dioxide at the positive electrode reacts with the electrolyte 17 to generate lead sulfate. When the battery is charged, the sponge lead plate at the negative electrode generates lead dioxide and sulfuric acid precipitates.

[0034] The electrolyte 17 is a mixture of an electrolyte medium and a sealant.

[0035] Working principle of the present invention: The present invention is a high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, including a battery shell 10, a battery upper cover 2 and a battery bottom cover 1, a positive lead-out block 4, a negative lead-out block 9, a positive pole column 5, a negative pole column 7, an acid-adding safety valve 3 and an exhaust safety valve 6 are installed on the upper side of the battery bottom cover 1, an acid-adding port 19 is in the same position as the acid-adding port 19 of a traditional lead-acid battery, but the diameter of the acid-adding port 19 is slightly enlarged, so that the electrolyte 17 fully reacts with the electrode while quantitative acid addition is achieved, and the final result is that the battery opening voltage range is narrowed and the battery assembly rate is improved; currently, the use of a small-diameter acid-adding port 19 will cause the battery formation to be not very uniform. Except that the electrolyte can completely enter the pole group to react during the discharge process, during the charging process, there is always a part of the electrolyte that cannot completely enter the lead-acid battery for reaction due to the small diameter of the acid-adding port 19, and the charging time process accounts for more than 95%, which is still a relatively large impact.

[0036] The safety valve seals 18 of the acid-adding safety valve 3 and the exhaust safety valve 6 both adopt a long ultrasonic structure, and the sealing structure of the positive pole 5 and the negative pole 7 is consistent with that of a traditional lead-acid battery.

[0037] The upper busbar 15, the lower busbar 12 and several side negative plates 13 are installed inside the battery housing 10. The structure of the upper busbar 15 and the lower busbar 12 is changed from the cross-bridge structure of the traditional lead-acid battery to a direct connection structure. The upper busbar 15 and the lower busbar 12 are immersed in the sealant as a whole. The upper busbar 15 can adopt a semi-immersed structure, and the lower busbar 12 needs to be fully immersed. The state of overcharge and overdischarge on the upper part of the plate and shallow charge and shallow discharge on the lower part is changed to achieve maximum uniformity of the electrochemical reaction of the plate.

[0038] It can change the uneven current distribution on the plate, set the length and width of the plate reasonably, and make the upper and lower parts of the plate have high utilization rates. It can change the overcharge and over-discharge state on the upper part of the plate and the shallow charge and shallow discharge state on the lower part, and realize the maximum uniformity of the electrochemical reaction of the plate.

[0039] The electrode reaction is uniform, ① the real reaction area increases, the current density on the electrode decreases, the depth of discharge to 10.5V increases, and the utilization rate of active substances is improved; ② the current distribution is uniform, the electrochemical reaction can be uniform, the reaction heat can be uniform, there is no local electrochemical reaction overheating phenomenon, and finally the battery achieves uniform temperature distribution; ③ the electrochemical reaction is uniform, the electrolyte 17 can be evenly distributed, and the long-standing difficult to cure salinization problem of the negative electrode can be eliminated to the maximum extent. At present, the solution to the salinization problem of the negative electrode is to add gas-phase nano-silica gel to the electrolyte 17, which has not been fundamentally solved, but the improvement is relatively large. At the same time, the addition of silica gel material also increases the impedance of the battery, affecting the release of more energy. This solution solves the salinization of the negative electrode and can save silica gel material at the same time, reducing costs; ④ the electrochemical reaction is uniform, so that the oxygen can be truly uniformly recombinated at the negative electrode. Only by achieving uniform recombination of oxygen can water loss be reduced and the battery cycle life can be extended; ⑤ the electrochemical reaction is uniform, the electrode reaction impedance will be reduced, and the battery can stably output more energy. In short, the basis of uniform electrode reaction is that the current is evenly distributed on the electrode. Only when the electrode reacts evenly can the consistency and stability of the battery be improved during actual application. While the battery's various performance properties are steadily improved, the battery's service life is extended.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, comprising a battery housing (10), a battery upper cover (2) and a battery bottom cover (1), characterized in that: A battery upper cover (2) is placed on the upper side of the battery housing (10), a battery bottom cover (1) is placed on the lower side of the battery housing (10), a positive electrode lead block (4) and a negative electrode lead block (9) are installed on the upper side of the battery upper cover (2), the positive electrode lead block (4) and the negative electrode lead block (9) are installed diagonally on the upper side of the battery upper cover (2), a positive electrode column (5) is installed on the upper side of the positive electrode lead block (4), a negative electrode column (7) is installed on the upper side of the negative electrode lead block (9), and the sides of the positive electrode lead block (4) and the negative electrode lead block (9) are both provided with an acid addition port (1). 9), an exhaust port (11) is provided on the upper side of the battery cover (2) between the two acid adding ports (19), the acid adding port (19) and the exhaust port (11) are provided side by side on the upper side of the battery cover (2), an acid adding safety valve (3) and an exhaust safety valve (6) are installed on the surfaces of the acid adding port (19) and the exhaust port (11), the acid adding safety valve (3) and the exhaust safety valve (6) are both equipped with a safety valve seal (18), two hanging blocks (8) are installed on the upper side of the battery cover (2), and the two hanging blocks (8) are installed at both ends of the battery cover (2); The battery housing (10) has upper and lower openings, and the lower opening of the battery housing (10) is provided with a demoulding slope of 1 mm. An upper busbar (15), a lower busbar (12) and a plurality of side negative plates (13) are installed inside the battery housing (10). An electrolyte (17) is placed inside the battery housing (10), and the upper busbar (15), the lower busbar (12) and the plurality of side negative plates (13) are all immersed in the electrolyte (17). The upper busbar (15) and the lower busbar (12) form a positive plate, a partition (14) is installed between the plurality of side negative plates (13), and the plurality of side negative plates (13) form a side negative plate cluster (16). The upper busbar (15) and the lower busbar (12) are inserted into the side negative plate cluster (16), and the lower busbar (12) is fixed on the upper side of the battery bottom cover (1).

2. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acid addition safety valve (3) and the exhaust safety valve (6) are matched with the safety valve seal (18), and the three safety valve seals (18) are all long ultrasonic structures.

3. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper busbar (15) and the lower busbar (12) are both directly connected structures. The upper busbar (15) and the lower busbar (12) are interspersed in the side negative plate cluster (16) at intervals. The side negative plate cluster (16) and the lower busbar (12) are completely immersed in the electrolyte (17). The upper busbar (15) is semi-impregnated.

4. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper busbar (15), the lower busbar (12), the side negative plate (13), the positive pole (5) and the negative pole (7) are all made of anti-oxidation materials, the positive lead paste has a specific energy of 40Wh / kg, and the negative lead paste has a specific energy of 45Wh / kg.

5. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode column (5) is lead dioxide, and the negative electrode column (7) is a sponge lead plate made of an alloy.

6. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the battery is discharged, the lead dioxide at the positive electrode reacts with the electrolyte (17) to generate lead sulfate. When the battery is charged, the sponge lead plate at the negative electrode generates lead dioxide and sulfuric acid is precipitated.

7. The high-energy maintenance-free lead-acid battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte (17) is a mixture of an electrolyte medium and a sealant.

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