An in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system

Abstract

The present invention relates to an in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system, comprising a control unit, a nasal end tube simulating a nasal cavity, an oral end tube simulating an oral cavity, a tracheal end tube simulating a trachea, a respiratory power device for providing inhalation and exhalation airflow power, and a gating device. The gating device includes a plurality of control valves for achieving connectivity between the three simulation pipelines. The control unit controls the connection between the respiratory power device and the gating device to change the interconnection mode between the three simulation pipelines and the gas flow direction in the three simulation pipelines by controlling the switching and / or reversing of the gating device and the action of the respiratory power device, thereby simulating different inhalation and exhalation modes, thereby simulating the real inhalation and exhalation process of the human body in vitro, and providing a more bionic exposure platform for exposure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system, belonging to the field of inhalation exposure. Background Art

[0002] Smoking machines systematically generate smoke for laboratory testing based on set smoking parameters. Currently, existing smoking machine settings primarily focus on puff volume, puff duration, puff interval, and number of puffs, which are related to smoking behavior. These settings do not include parameters for the smoker's respiratory behavior during smoking, such as inhalation volume, inhalation time, expiratory volume, exhalation time, inhalation frequency, and exhalation frequency. When using existing smoking machines for full-smoke cell exposure experiments, the continuous introduction and removal of air between puffs to maintain air supply to the cells within the exposure chamber differs significantly from the actual inhalation and exhalation processes experienced by the cells. Furthermore, before the smoke is introduced into the exposure chamber, it is typically intentionally diluted with air in a gradient, which deviates significantly from the dilution of the smoke during smoking, which occurs using the specific volume of inhaled air (tidal volume) during breathing. Therefore, the full smoke exposure experiment conducted on cells cannot simulate the smoke exposure environment experienced by cells during the actual smoking process. When using it to evaluate the in vitro toxic effects of smoke, the dose-effect relationship obtained deviates significantly from the actual dose-effect relationship of the human body.

[0003] Currently, when using the gas-liquid interface method to conduct cell exposure experiments to study the biological and toxicological effects of PM2.5, drugs, and toxic gases in the environment, similar to the whole smoke cell exposure experiment, the test substances are usually purposefully diluted in a gradient manner using air for continuous exposure. This does not simulate the human body's exposure to these exogenous substances through the breathing process of inhalation and exhalation, nor does it consider the effect of the tidal volume inhaled during inhalation on the exposure to these substances. When using it to evaluate the in vitro aerosol toxicity effects, the dose-effect relationship obtained deviates significantly from the actual dose-effect relationship of the human body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system, which is simple in structure and can simulate various inhalation and exhalation modes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0006] An in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system of the present invention includes a control unit, multiple simulation pipelines, a respiratory power device and a gating device; the multiple simulation pipelines include a nasal end pipeline for simulating the nasal cavity, an oral end pipeline for simulating the oral cavity and a tracheal end pipeline for simulating the trachea; the gating device includes multiple control valves for achieving connectivity between the three simulation pipelines; the respiratory power device is used to provide power for gas to flow between the three simulation pipelines; one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline is used to connect to the gas source, and the other end of the nasal end pipeline and the other end of the oral end pipeline are both connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline through the gating device; the control unit controls the connection between the respiratory power device and the gating device to change the mutual connectivity between the three simulation pipelines and the gas flow direction in the three simulation pipelines by controlling the switch and / or reversing of the gating device and the action of the respiratory power device, thereby simulating different inhalation and exhalation modes.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the present invention provides an in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system, in which a plurality of simulated pipelines are provided, namely, a nasal end pipeline, an oral end pipeline and a tracheal end pipeline, and a respiratory power device is also provided to provide power for inhaling and exhaling gas. The nasal end pipeline, the oral end pipeline and the tracheal end pipeline are connected by a gating device. By controlling the on / off and reversing of the gating device through the control unit and cooperating with the action of the respiratory power device, a variety of different interconnection modes between the nasal end tube, the oral end tube and the tracheal end tube can be realized, including four different connection modes: the nasal end tube and the oral end tube are connected, the nasal end tube and the tracheal end tube are connected, the oral end tube and the tracheal end tube are connected, and all three simulation tubes are connected. At the same time, the suction action of the respiratory power device cooperates with the gating device to change the gas flow direction in the connected simulation tubes to realize the air inlet / outlet of the tracheal end tube, the air inlet / outlet of the oral end tube, and the air inlet / outlet of the nasal end tube, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating various different inhalation and exhalation modes of human breathing, so as to simulate the real inhalation and exhalation process of the human body in vitro, and provide a more bionic exposure platform for exposure implementation.

[0008] Furthermore, the air source includes a clean air source and an aerosol source, and the in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system also includes an air branch, an aerosol branch and an exhaust branch; one end of the nasal tube and / or one end of the oral tube is connected to the clean air source through the air branch, one end of the nasal tube and / or one end of the oral tube is also connected to the aerosol source through the aerosol branch, and one end of the nasal tube and / or one end of the oral tube is also exhausted through the exhaust branch.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: here, two air sources are set, namely air source and aerosol source. During the simulation of human inhalation and exhalation, only clean air can be passed through the inlet pipe and / or the nasal pipe to simulate general inhalation and exhalation modes, or both clean air and aerosol can be passed through the inlet pipe and / or the nasal pipe to simulate special inhalation and exhalation modes, thereby more comprehensively simulating various different inhalation and exhalation conditions of the human body.

[0010] Furthermore, the respiratory power device is connected to the multiple simulation pipelines, and the connection method is any one of the following methods: connected to one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline, connected to the other end of the nasal end pipeline and / or the other end of the oral end pipeline, connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline, and connected to the other end of the tracheal end pipeline.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the position of the breathing power device can be flexibly adjusted according to needs, and it can provide corresponding breathing power when it is set in different places.

[0012] Furthermore, the extracorporeal bionic inhalation and exhalation system also includes a second respiratory power device that serves as a backup for the respiratory power device. The second respiratory power device is connected to the multiple simulation pipelines, and the connection method is any one of the following methods: connected to one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline, connected to the other end of the nasal end pipeline and / or the other end of the oral end pipeline, connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline, and connected to the other end of the tracheal end pipeline.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: a second breathing power device is provided as a backup, and the two devices serve as backup for each other, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0014] Furthermore, the extracorporeal bionic inhalation and exhalation system also includes an intermediate air inlet and outlet pipeline, one end of which is used to communicate with the atmosphere, and the other end is connected to the connecting pipeline between the respiratory power device and the corresponding simulation pipeline.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that an air inlet and outlet pipeline is connected to the connecting pipeline between the respiratory power device and the corresponding simulation pipeline, and the air inlet and outlet pipeline can simulate the situation of directly introducing gas through the human trachea.

[0016] Furthermore, the inhalation and exhalation mode includes an inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage; the process of the inhalation stage of the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes: connecting the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or oral end tube, and the tracheal end tube to each other, so as to deliver a set inhaled amount of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or oral end tube to the tracheal end tube; the process of the exhalation stage of the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes: connecting the tracheal end tube, the nasal end tube and / or oral end tube, the air branch and / or exhaust branch to each other, so as to discharge a set exhaled amount of clean air and / or aerosol from the tracheal end tube through the nasal end tube and / or oral end tube, the air branch and / or exhaust branch in sequence.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: in different stages of an inhalation and exhalation behavior (including the inhalation stage and the exhalation stage), different connection methods are set between the air branch, the aerosol branch, the nasal end tube, the oral end tube, the tracheal end tube, and the exhaust branch, and at the same time, the flow method of the gas in different tubes is coordinated to simulate different inhalation and exhalation patterns of the human body.

[0018] Furthermore, the inhalation and exhalation mode includes an inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end includes an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage; the process of the inhalation stage of the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end includes: connecting the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube to each other, so as to deliver a set inhaled amount of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube; the process of the exhalation stage of the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end includes: connecting the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch to each other, so as to discharge a set exhaled amount of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube through the air branch and / or the exhaust branch.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: in different stages of an inhalation and exhalation behavior (including the inhalation stage and the exhalation stage), different connection methods are set between the air branch, the aerosol branch, the nasal end tube, the oral end tube, and the exhaust branch, and at the same time, the flow method of the gas in different tubes is coordinated to simulate different inhalation and exhalation patterns of the human body.

[0020] Furthermore, the respiratory power device is connected to the other end of the nasal end tube and the other end of the oral end tube, or is connected to one end of the tracheal end tube; the inhalation and exhalation pattern includes an inhalation and exhalation pattern through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation pattern through the tracheal end includes an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase; the process of the inhalation phase is any one of the following two processes:

[0021] In the first process, the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, and the respiratory power device are first connected to each other, so that clean air and / or aerosol with a set first inhalation volume V1 is delivered from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube to the respiratory power device; then, the intermediate air inlet and outlet tubes and the respiratory power device are connected to each other, so that air with a set inhalation difference volume V2-V1 is delivered from the intermediate air inlet and outlet tubes to the respiratory power device, where V2 is a set second inhalation volume and V2>V1; finally, the clean air and / or aerosol with the set second inhalation volume V2 is delivered from the respiratory power device to the tracheal end tube;

[0022] In the second process, the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal tube and / or oral tube, and the respiratory power device are first connected to each other, so that clean air and / or aerosol of a set first inhalation volume V1 is delivered from the nasal tube and / or oral tube into the respiratory power device; and then, clean air and / or aerosol of a set second inhalation volume V2 is delivered from the respiratory power device into the tracheal tube, where V2 ≤ V1.

[0023] The process of the exhalation stage includes: first, connecting the tracheal end tube and the respiratory power device to each other to discharge the clean air and / or aerosol of the set first exhaled volume V3 from the tracheal end tube to the respiratory power device; then connecting the respiratory power device, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch to each other to discharge the clean air and / or aerosol of the second set exhaled volume V4 from the respiratory power device through the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch in sequence.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: in different stages of an inhalation and exhalation behavior (including the inhalation stage and the exhalation stage), different connection methods are set between the air branch, aerosol branch, nasal end tube, oral end tube, tracheal end tube, intermediate inlet and outlet air tubes, and exhaust branch, and at the same time, the flow method of gas in different tubes is coordinated to simulate different inhalation and exhalation modes of the human body.

[0025] Furthermore, the inhalation time and the exhalation time need to be counted respectively during the inhalation and exhalation phases of the inhalation and exhalation pattern passing through the tracheal end, and after the inhalation phase ends, the start of the exhalation phase is controlled according to the set breath-holding time.

[0026] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that a pause time is set between the inhalation stage and the exhalation stage of an inhalation and exhalation behavior. The pause time is the set breath-holding time, which can simulate the intermittent inhalation and exhalation of the human body.

[0027] Furthermore, in the inhalation and exhalation phases of the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end, the inhalation time and exhalation time need to be counted respectively, and after the inhalation phase ends, the start of the exhalation phase is controlled according to the set breath-holding time.

[0028] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that a pause time is set between the inhalation stage and the exhalation stage of an inhalation and exhalation behavior. The pause time is the set breath-holding time, which can simulate the intermittent inhalation and exhalation of the human body.

[0029] Furthermore, the multiple control valves are all switch valves, which are valves that only have the functions of opening, closing and opening adjustment; or some of the multiple control valves are switch valves, and the other part of the control valves are multi-position multi-way reversing valves; or the multiple control valves are all multi-position multi-way reversing valves.

[0030] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the control valve adopts an on-off valve or a multi-position multi-way reversing valve, providing a variety of feasible solutions for the system.

[0031] Furthermore, the multiple control valves are all multi-position multi-way reversing valves, and the multiple simulation pipelines also include a throat pipeline for simulating the throat. The multiple control valves include a first multi-position multi-way reversing valve and a second multi-position multi-way reversing valve; the other end of the nasal end pipeline and the other end of the oral end pipeline are both connected to one end of the throat pipeline through the first multi-position multi-way reversing valve, and the other end of the throat pipeline is connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline through the second multi-position multi-way reversing valve.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: different connection modes between multiple analog pipelines can be realized by setting two multi-position multi-way reversing valves, and the number of control valves is small, making the entire system structure simpler.

[0033] Furthermore, the control unit also controls the opening and switching time of the selection device to simulate the inhalation and exhalation behavior parameters in different inhalation and exhalation modes, wherein the inhalation and exhalation behavior parameters include at least one of the inhalation volume, inhalation time, exhalation volume, exhalation time, inhalation frequency, exhalation frequency, breath-holding time, inhalation waveform and exhalation waveform; the inhalation time includes the start time of the nth inhalation, the end time of the nth inhalation, the nth inhalation interval time and the inhalation duration; the exhalation time includes the start time of the nth exhalation, the nth exhalation end time, the nth exhalation interval time and the exhalation duration; the breath-holding time is the duration between the end of the inhalation phase and the start of the exhalation phase during one inhalation and exhalation behavior; and the interval time is the duration between the end of one inhalation and exhalation behavior and the start of the next inhalation and exhalation behavior.

[0034] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that by controlling the opening and switching time of the gating device, different inhalation and exhalation behavior parameters in different inhalation and exhalation modes can be simulated, so that the simulated inhalation and exhalation mode is more realistic.

[0035] Furthermore, the breathing power device is a piston pulling device.

[0036] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the piston pulling and pulling device provides the power for inhalation and exhalation in a simpler and easier-to-control manner.

[0037] Furthermore, after the inhalation and exhalation behavior simulated by a certain inhalation and exhalation pattern ends, the next inhalation and exhalation behavior is simulated according to the set inhalation and exhalation frequency and the next inhalation and exhalation pattern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system of the present invention;

[0039] Among them, 1 is a time-controlled electric cylinder unit, 1-1 is a syringe vent, 1-2 is a piston, 1-3 is an electric unit, 1-4 is a syringe, 2-1 is the first valve, 2-2 is the second valve, 2-4 is the third valve, 3-1 is the fourth valve, 3-2 is the fifth valve, 3-3 is the sixth valve, 4 is the nasal end tube, 5 is the oral end tube, 6 is the tracheal end tube, 7 is the throat tube, 8 is an auxiliary time-controlled electric cylinder unit, 9 is a control unit, 10-1 is the seventh valve, 11-1 is the eighth valve, 11-2 is the ninth valve, 11-3 is the tenth valve, 11-4 is the eleventh valve, 12-1 is the thirteenth valve, and 12-2 is the twelfth valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. That is, the embodiments described herein are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0041] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely intended to represent selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" that may appear are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, terms such as "include," "comprise," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further restrictions, elements defined by the phrase "including a..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device that includes the elements. In addition, the terms "front," "back," "up," "down," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended only to facilitate the description of the present invention, rather than to indicate that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0043] System Example:

[0044] The present invention provides an in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system. According to the relevant parameters of the set inhalation behavior and exhalation behavior, the system is provided with a control unit, a respiratory power device, a gating device and a plurality of simulation pipelines. The control unit controls the respiratory power device and the gating device according to the provided relevant parameters to change the mutual connection mode between the plurality of simulation pipelines and the flow direction of the gas in the simulation pipelines, thereby realizing the gas diversion distribution and gas path conversion during the simulated inhalation and exhalation process. The plurality of simulation pipelines here include a nasal end pipeline simulating the nasal cavity, an oral end pipeline simulating the oral cavity, a tracheal end pipeline simulating the trachea, and a pharyngeal pipeline simulating the throat. The gating device includes a plurality of control valves. The specific connections of the plurality of simulation pipelines, the plurality of control valves and the respiratory power device are various and are described in detail below.

[0045] The specific structure of the in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes a nasal end tube 4 and an oral end tube 5. The downstream intersection of the nasal end tube 4 and the oral end tube 5 is connected to one end of the pharyngeal tube 7, and the other end of the pharyngeal tube 7 is connected to the tracheal end tube 6.

[0046] In this embodiment, the breathing power device that provides power for the breathing process of the bionic human mouth and nose is a piston push-pull device, which includes the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 in this embodiment. The time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is connected to the connection point of the throat pipeline 7 and the tracheal end pipeline 6 through a connecting pipeline. The time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is composed of a syringe air vent 1-1, a syringe 1-4, a piston 1-2 and an electric unit 1-3. The piston 1-2 includes a piston head and a pull rod. The piston head has the same cross-sectional area as the syringe to ensure that there is no air leakage between the piston and the syringe cavity. The piston material is elastic and smooth; the pull rod is connected to the center of the piston head and one side is connected to the electric unit 1-3. The pull rod is a straight rod that cooperates with the electric unit to push and pull the piston to make the syringe take in or out air. Syringes 1-4 have a volume range of 0-5000mL, an accuracy of 0.05-5mL, and a frequency of 0-100 times / min. The push-pull waveforms can be bell-shaped, sinusoidal, triangular, square, respiratory, or custom waveforms. The pull time is 0-60s with an accuracy of 0.01s, the push time is 0-60s with an accuracy of 0.01s, the push-pull time interval is 0-30min with an accuracy of 0.01s, and the interval between two push-pull times is 0-2h with an accuracy of 0.01s. The push-pull start can be controlled by time, pressure, or volume, and the push-pull flow rate is 0-120L / min. The circumference of the syringe is made of transparent glass; the material of the syringe vent 1-1 is a plastic, strong material with a smooth inner surface and chemically stable properties that is not prone to chemical reactions. In this embodiment, glass is used. The outer surface of the piston head is rubber, and the interior is made of hard-structured stainless steel. The piston rod is also made of hard-structured stainless steel. A flow meter is also provided in the time-controlled electric cylinder unit to control the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled. In other embodiments, the pull rod can also be a bent rod; the circumference of the syringe can also be made of hard plastic or metal such as stainless steel; and the syringe vent can also be made of hard plastic or metal such as stainless steel. Furthermore, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system, an auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 8 is also provided in the system. The auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 8 is connected to the downstream intersection of the nasal end pipeline 4 and the oral end pipeline 5 via a connecting pipe. The specific structure of the auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 8 is the same as that of the auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 1 and will not be repeated here. The auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 8 and the timed electric cylinder unit 1 serve as backup for each other. If one fails to operate normally, the other will be selected to provide respiratory power. In other embodiments, both the auxiliary timed electric cylinder unit 8 and the timed electric cylinder unit 1 can also be selected from other devices that can provide respiratory power in the existing technology, such as an integrated vacuum generator device. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the timed electric cylinder unit 1 is used as the primary device providing respiratory power. Correspondingly, when describing various different breathing modes later, the timed electric cylinder unit 1 will also be selected as the respiratory power device in the entire system.To achieve the different communication modes between the nasal tube 4, oral tube 5, pharyngeal tube 7, tracheal tube 6, and timed electric cylinder unit 1 as described above, a first valve 2-1, a third valve 2-4, a fourth valve 3-1, a fifth valve 3-2, a sixth valve 3-3, a thirteenth valve 12-1, and a twelfth valve 12-2 are provided. Opening the first valve 2-1 allows the nasal tube 4 to communicate with the pharyngeal tube 7, simulating inhalation or exhalation through the nose; opening the third valve 2-4 allows the oral tube 5 to communicate with the pharyngeal tube 7, simulating inhalation or exhalation through the oral tube; opening the fifth valve 3-2, the thirteenth valve 12-1, and the fourth valve 3-1 allows the timed electric cylinder unit 1 to communicate with the pharyngeal tube 7; and opening the fifth valve 3-2, the thirteenth valve 12-1, and the sixth valve 3-3 allows the timed electric cylinder unit 1 to communicate with the tracheal tube 6.

[0047] The nasal tube 4 is provided with a cavity structure at the air inlet end connected to the air, and the cavity structure can be of any shape. A pipeline is provided on the pipeline mouth of the nasal tube as the first pipeline, and a seventh valve 10-1 is provided on the first pipeline to control the on-off of the first pipeline. The nasal tube 4 is made of a material with stable chemical properties. Glass is used in this embodiment, and plastic, metal or printed materials can also be used as other embodiments. The nasal tube 4 uses the first pipeline for nasal inhalation or exhalation. As other embodiments, two independent pipelines can be provided, one for nasal inhalation and the other for nasal exhalation, or the nasal suction pipeline (i.e., the nasal tube when inhaling gas) and the nasal exhalation pipeline (i.e., the nasal tube when exhaling gas) are connected to the cavity structure of the nasal tube in a Y-shape or a three-way or above shape.

[0048] The outlet of the mouth-end pipeline 5 is connected to one end of the main branch, which is provided with an eighth valve 11-1. The other end of the main branch is connected to an air source via a control branch for introducing clean air into the mouth-end pipeline 5. The other end of the main branch is also connected to an aerosol source via an aerosol branch for introducing aerosol into the mouth-end pipeline 5. The other end of the main branch is also connected to the outside world via an exhaust branch to discharge residual gas. The air branch is provided with a ninth valve 11-2, the aerosol branch is provided with a tenth valve 11-3, and the exhaust branch is provided with an eleventh valve 11-4. The ninth valve 11-2, the tenth valve 11-3, and the eleventh valve 11-4 are used to control the opening and closing of the air branch, the aerosol branch, and the exhaust branch, respectively. In this embodiment, the air source branch can not only inhale clean air but also be used to discharge residual gas.

[0049] In this embodiment, the left side of the port pipeline ( Figure 1 There are three tubes connected to the nose (air branch, aerosol branch and exhaust branch), the left side of the nose tube (for Figure 1In another embodiment, the end of the first pipeline not connected to the nasal end pipeline 4 can be connected to the main branch. In this way, the nasal end pipeline and the oral end pipeline share a set of gas source and a common exhaust branch to discharge residual gas.

[0050] The tracheal end tube 6 and the throat tube 7 are both made of chemically stable materials. In this embodiment, glass is used. As other implementation methods, rubber, plastic, metal or printed materials can also be used.

[0051] Moreover, an intermediate air inlet and outlet pipeline is connected to the connecting pipeline between the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 and the other end of the throat pipeline 7. A twelfth valve 12-2 is provided on the intermediate air inlet and outlet pipeline, which can directly introduce air into the tracheal end pipeline or directly discharge gas.

[0052] The control unit 9 can be set according to the actual bionic situation to inhale and exhale mode, and the behavioral parameters of inhalation and exhalation are set, including inhalation volume, inhalation duration, exhalation volume, exhalation duration, breath holding time (the duration between the end of the inhalation phase and the beginning of the exhalation phase during an inhalation and exhalation behavior), respiratory rate (i.e., respiratory interval, the duration between the end of an inhalation and exhalation behavior and the beginning of the next inhalation and exhalation behavior), suction volume, number of puffs, and the start time, end time and time interval between inhalation, exhalation and various behavioral actions. It should be noted that an inhalation phase can include multiple inhalation processes, that is, it begins to enter the exhalation phase after multiple inhalations, so the start time, end time and time interval of the inhalation phase defined here should include the inhalation start time, inhalation end time and inhalation interval time of each inhalation process. Similarly for an exhalation phase, the start time, end time and time interval of the exhalation phase should include the exhalation start time, exhalation end time and exhalation interval time of each exhalation process. According to the behavioral parameters, the control unit 9 controls the piston action in the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 or the auxiliary time-controlled electric cylinder unit 8, and also controls the connection of the first valve 2-1, the second valve 2-2, the third valve 2-4, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, the sixth valve 3-3, the seventh valve 10-1, the eighth valve 11-1, the ninth valve 11-2, the tenth valve 11-3, the eleventh valve 11-4, the twelfth valve 12-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. The control unit 9 can control the switching status and opening degree of these valves.

[0053] In this embodiment, the multiple valves involved are all solenoid valves, which only have the function of opening and closing, so as to facilitate automatic control. In other embodiments, these valves can be integrated into a multi-position multi-way reversing valve. For example, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the sixth valve 3-3 can be integrated into a multi-position multi-way reversing valve, the first valve 2-1, the second valve 2-2, and the third valve 2-4 can be integrated into a multi-position multi-way reversing valve, and the eighth valve 11-1, the ninth valve 11-2, the tenth valve 11-3, and the eleventh valve 11-4 can be integrated into a multi-position multi-way reversing valve.

[0054] In this embodiment, the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is connected to the other end of the throat pipe 7. Of course, the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 can be set in a variety of positions in the entire in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system. For example, the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 can be connected to the lower end of the tracheal end pipe ( Figure 1 The time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 can also be connected to the main branch where the eighth valve 11-1 is located. These positions can provide power for the inhalation and exhalation actions of the entire in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system.

[0055] The following briefly introduces the inhalation and exhalation process for different situations when the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is set at different positions, and the gas passes through the tracheal end pipeline during the inhalation and exhalation process.

[0056] ①When the setting position of the electric cylinder unit 1 is as follows Figure 1 , first, the control unit 9 controls the electric unit 1-3 to drive the piston 1-2 to move toward the electric unit 1-3, so that the gas passes through the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube and the throat tube 7 in sequence and enters the syringe 1-4; then the control unit controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, so that the gas passes through the syringe 1-4 and enters the tracheal end tube 6, thereby completing the gas inhalation process. Then, the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the electric unit 1-3, so that the gas passes through the tracheal end tube 6 and enters the syringe 1-4; then the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, so that the gas passes through the syringe 1-4 and enters the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, thereby completing the gas exhalation process.

[0057] ② When the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is set below the tracheal end pipeline, first, the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the direction of the electric unit 1-3, so that the gas directly enters the tracheal end pipeline 6 and the lower connecting unit and syringe through the nasal end pipeline and / or the oral end pipeline, thereby completing the gas inhalation process; then, the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, so that the gas enters the nasal end pipeline and / or the oral end pipeline from the lower connecting unit through the tracheal end pipeline 6, thereby completing the gas exhalation process. The connecting unit can be lung tissue or a syringe; when the connecting unit is lung tissue, the syringe is connected to the thoracic unit outside the lung tissue, and the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the direction of the electric unit 1-3, so that the pressure of the thoracic unit becomes smaller, causing the lung tissue to expand and further drive the gas through the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube into the tracheal end tube 6 and the lung tissue unit, thereby completing the gas inhalation process; then, the control unit 9 controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, so that the pressure of the thoracic unit becomes larger, causing the lung tissue to contract and further drive the gas through the tracheal end tube 6 to enter the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube accordingly, thereby completing the gas exhalation process.

[0058] ③ When the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is connected to the main branch where the eighth valve 11-1 is located, the control unit 9 first controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the electric unit 1-3, allowing gas to enter the syringe 1-4. The control unit 9 then controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, allowing gas to pass through the syringe 1-4 into the nasal and / or oral tubing, and from there, through the pharyngeal tubing 7, into the tracheal tubing 6, thereby completing the gas inhalation process. The control unit 9 then controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the electric unit 1-3, allowing gas to pass from the tracheal tubing 6, through the pharyngeal tubing 7, the nasal tubing, and / or the oral tubing, in sequence, into the syringe 1-4. The control unit then controls the piston 1-2 to move toward the syringe vent 1-1, allowing gas to pass through the syringe 1-4 and be discharged through the twelfth valve 12-2, thereby completing the gas exhalation process.

[0059] When the in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system provided by the present invention is used to simulate human body bionics, it includes the general breathing mode of the human body and the special breathing mode of the human body. In the general breathing mode, both the inhaled and exhaled air are clean air, while in the special breathing mode, both the inhaled and exhaled air are aerosol plus clean air. The following is a detailed introduction to various inhalation and exhalation modes, and the connection method of each component in the in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 is used to provide power for the entire inhalation and exhalation. It should be noted that the inhalation and exhalation mode corresponding to the time-controlled electric cylinder unit being set in other positions is different from the inhalation and exhalation mode corresponding to the time-controlled electric cylinder unit being set in Figure 1The principles of the inhalation and exhalation modes corresponding to the positions shown are the same and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0060] I. The bionic inhalation and exhalation system provided by the present invention is used to simulate the general breathing pattern of the human body, which is divided into a breathing pattern through the tracheal end and a breathing pattern not through the tracheal end.

[0061] 1. The breathing patterns through the trachea are random combinations of different inhalation and exhalation methods. Different inhalation methods include the following three: inhalation through the nose, inhalation through the mouth, and inhalation through the nose and mouth; different exhalation methods include the following three: exhalation through the nose, exhalation through the mouth, and exhalation through the nose and mouth. Specifically:

[0062] 1) Inhale air through the nose.

[0063] When gas enters through the nose, the parameters of the timed electric cylinder unit 1 have been set according to the actual bionic conditions and are in a reset state. This reset state means that the piston 1-2 is at the syringe vent 1-1. The control unit 9 controls the opening of the seventh valve 10-1, the first valve 2-1, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. At this time, the nose tube 4 is connected to the timed electric cylinder unit 1 via the throat tube 7. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 toward the electric unit 1-3, and the gas is then inhaled into the timed electric cylinder unit 1 through the nose. The volume V1-1 of gas inhaled into the timed electric cylinder unit 1, the duration T1-1 of gas inhalation, the flow waveform of the inhaled gas, and the start time can be set according to the bionic conditions. When the gas volume in the timed electric cylinder unit reaches the preset gas volume and time, the action stops.

[0064] 2) Inhale gas through the mouth.

[0065] This control method is similar to that for inhaling gas through the nose, except that control unit 9 controls the opening of ninth valve 11-2, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. At this point, oral conduit 5 connects to timed electric cylinder unit 1 via throat conduit 7. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3, and gas is then inhaled into timed electric cylinder unit 1 through the oral conduit. The volume V1-2 of gas inhaled into the timed electric cylinder unit, the duration T1-2 of gas inhalation, the flow waveform of the inhaled gas, and the start time can be set specifically based on bionic conditions. When the gas volume in the timed electric cylinder unit reaches the preset volume and time, the relevant valves close and piston movement stops.

[0066] 3) Inhale air through the nose and mouth.

[0067] During the entire process of nasal and oral inhalation, combined with oral inhalation and nasal inhalation, the control unit 9 controls the opening of the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. During nasal and oral inhalation, gas can be inhaled simultaneously through the nasal and oral lines, or there can be a certain time difference between the two lines. Therefore, the control unit 9 controls the opening of the ninth valve 11-2, the eighth valve 11-1, and the third valve 2-4 based on the set start time for oral inhalation, with specific settings made based on the volume V1-3 of gas inhaled through the oral line, the duration of inhalation T1-3, and the flow waveform of the inhaled gas. The control unit 9 also controls the opening of the seventh valve 10-1 and the first valve 2-1 based on the set start time for nasal inhalation, with specific settings made based on the volume V1-4 of gas inhaled through the nose, the duration of inhalation T1-4, and the flow waveform of the inhaled gas. When the set gas volume and duration are reached at the oral or nasal points, the relevant valves close and piston movement stops. Therefore, when the air is inhaled through the nose and mouth at the same time, and T1-3=T1-4, the total time of inhaling the air through the nose and mouth is T 总1 =T1-3=T1-4; When the air is inhaled through the nose and mouth at the same time, but T1-3>T1-4, the total time of inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总1 =T1-3; When the air is inhaled through the nose and mouth at the same time, but T1-4>T1-3, the total time of inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总1 =T1-4; When the nose and mouth do not inhale gas at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the total time of gas inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总1 =T1-3+T1-4-t. The volume of the inhaled gas is V 总1 =V1-3+V1-4.

[0068] The above are three inhalation modes of the breathing mode through the tracheal end. Regardless of whether the gas is inhaled through the nasal end tube, the oral end tube, or through the nasal end tube and the oral end tube, the gas will enter the tracheal end tube 6 after entering the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1. According to the actual situation, the volume of the gas entering the tracheal end tube is set to V 气管 The volume of gas inhaled through the nasal tube, oral tube, or nasal tube and oral tube is V 吸入 ① When V 气管 <V 吸入 At this time, after a certain interval T2-4, the control unit 9 controls the fourth valve 3-1 to close, the fifth valve 3-2 to open, and the sixth valve 3-3 to open. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 to move toward the thirteenth valve 12-1, so that the gas from the time-controlled electric unit 1 reaches the gas pipe end pipeline 6. The duration of gas from the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 to the gas pipe end pipeline is T2-1. ② When V气管 >V 吸入 When the volume of gas inhaled through the nasal end pipeline, the oral end pipeline, and the nasal end pipeline and the oral end pipeline cannot meet the volume of gas inhaled through the tracheal end pipeline, the control unit 9 controls the twelfth valve 12-2 to open, the fourth valve 3-1 and the fifth valve 3-2 to close, and the electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 to move toward the electric unit 1-3, and V is inhaled through the middle inlet and outlet pipeline where the twelfth valve 12-2 is located. 气管 -V 吸入 The gas is drawn in and the current time T2-2 is recorded. Then, after a certain interval T2-4, the twelfth valve 12-2 is controlled to close and the fifth valve 3-2 is opened. The piston 1-2 moves toward the syringe vent 1-1 under the driving action of the electric unit 1-3, thereby reaching the set inhaled gas volume V 气管 , and record the current time T2-3. Therefore, in V 气管 >V 吸入 At this time, the gas reaches the air pipe end pipeline 6 from the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 for a duration of T2-3.

[0069] After entering tracheal tube 6, the gas is set to hold its breath for a desired duration, T3-1, to simulate human breath-holding. The gas is then expelled through the nose, mouth, or both. Before exiting, the gas is expelled through tracheal tube 6 and into timed electric cylinder unit 1. At this point, electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3, and the gas enters timed electric cylinder unit 1 from tracheal tube 6 for a duration of T3-2. Therefore, the duration of gas entering the timed electric cylinder unit from the tracheal tube is T3 = T3-2.

[0070] The gas is then expelled from the body through the following three methods.

[0071] 4) Exhale through the nose.

[0072] When gas is discharged from the body through the timed electric cylinder unit 1 and nasal tube 4, the control unit 9 closes the sixth valve 3-3 and the third valve 2-4, and opens the seventh valve 10-1, the first valve 2-1, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 toward the syringe vent 1-1. The gas enters the nasal tube 4 through the throat tube 7 and is discharged from the body through the nasal tube 4. The volume of gas discharged from the body through the nasal tube 4 is V4-1, and the duration is T4-1.

[0073] 5) Exhale through the mouth.

[0074] When gas is discharged from the body through the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 and the port-end pipeline 5, the control unit 9 closes the sixth valve 3-3 and the first valve 2-1, and opens the ninth valve 11-2 / the eleventh valve 11-4, the eighth valve 11-1, the third valve 2-4, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 toward the syringe vent 1-1. The gas enters the port-end pipeline 5 through the throat pipeline 7 and is discharged from the body through the port-end pipeline 5. The volume of gas discharged from the body through the port-end pipeline is V4-2, and the duration is T4-2.

[0075] 6) Exhale through the nose and mouth.

[0076] Exhalation of gas through the timed electric cylinder unit 1, nasal tube 4, and oral tube 5 combines exhalation through both the nasal and oral tubes. Control unit 9 controls the sixth valve 3-3 to close. During nasal and oral exhalation, gas can be exhaled simultaneously through both tubes, or with a time difference between the two. Therefore, control unit 9 controls the ninth valve 11-2 / eleventh valve 11-4, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1 to open based on the set start time for oral exhalation. At this point, gas is expelled through oral tube 5, with a volume of gas V4-3 and a duration of gas T4-3. The control unit 9 controls the seventh valve 10-1, the first valve 2-1, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1 to open according to the set start time of nasal exhalation. At this time, the gas is discharged from the body through the nasal tube 4. The volume of the discharged gas is V4-4 and the duration is T4-4. Therefore, when the gas is exhaled from the nose and mouth at the same time, and T4-3=T4-4, the total time of the gas exhaled from the nose and mouth is T 总2 =T4-3=T4-4; When the nose and mouth exhale at the same time, but T4-3>T4-4, the total time of exhaled gas through the nose and mouth is T 总2 =T4-3; When the nose and mouth exhale at the same time, but T4-4>T4-3, the total time of exhaled gas through the nose and mouth is T 总2 =T4-4; When the nose and mouth do not exhale at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the total time of exhaled gas through the nose and mouth is T 总2 =T4-3+T4-4-t. The volume of exhaled gas is V 总2 =V4-3+V4-4.

[0077] 2. The breathing patterns that do not pass through the trachea are random combinations of different inhalation and exhalation methods. Different inhalation methods include: inhalation through the nose, inhalation through the mouth, inhalation through the nose and mouth; different exhalation methods include: exhalation through the nose, exhalation through the mouth, exhalation through the nose and mouth. Specifically:

[0078] 1) Inhale air through the nose.

[0079] When gas enters through the nose, control unit 9 opens valves 7-1, 2-1, 3-1, 3-2, and 12-1. The nose-end line connects to the timed electric cylinder unit via the throat line. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3, and gas is drawn into timed electric cylinder unit 1 through nose-end line 4. The volume of gas drawn in is V5-1, and the duration of gas inhalation is T5-1.

[0080] 2) Inhale gas through the mouth.

[0081] When gas enters through the port, control unit 9 opens ninth valve 11-2, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. Port pipeline 5 then connects to timed electric cylinder unit 1 via throat pipeline 7. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3, and gas is drawn into timed electric cylinder unit 1 through the port. The volume of gas drawn in is V5-2, and the duration of gas inhalation is T5-2.

[0082] 3) Inhale air through the nose and mouth.

[0083] The control unit 9 controls the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2 and the thirteenth valve 12-1 to open during the entire process of inhaling gas from the nose and mouth combined with the inhalation of gas from the mouth and the nose. When inhaling gas from the nose and mouth, the gas can be inhaled simultaneously through the nose and mouth pipes, or there can be a certain time difference between the inhalation of gas from the nose and mouth pipes. Therefore, the control unit 9 controls the ninth valve 11-2, the eighth valve 11-1 and the third valve 2-4 to open according to the set start time of inhaling gas from the mouth. At this time, the volume of gas inhaled through the mouth is V5-3 and the continuous inhalation time is T5-3. The control unit 9 controls the seventh valve 10-1 and the first valve 2-1 to open according to the set start time of inhaling gas from the nose. At this time, the volume of gas inhaled through the nose is V5-4 and the continuous inhalation time is T5-4. When gas is inhaled simultaneously from the nose and mouth, and T5-3=T5-4, the total time of gas inhaled through the nose and mouth is T 总3=T5-3=T5-4; When the air is inhaled through the nose and mouth at the same time, but T5-3>T5-4, the total time of inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总3 =T5-3; When the air is inhaled through the nose and mouth at the same time, but T5-4>T5-3, the total time of inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总3 =T5-4; When the nose and mouth do not inhale gas at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the total time of gas inhalation through the nose and mouth is T 总3 =T5-3+T5-4-t. The volume of the inhaled gas is V 总3 =V5-3+V5-4.

[0084] The above are three ways of inhaling gas without passing through the tracheal end. Among the inhalation and exhalation methods without passing through the tracheal end pipeline, the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 can expel the gas through the following three exhalation methods after the set interval stop time T6 after inhaling gas.

[0085] 4) Exhale through the nose.

[0086] When gas is discharged from the body through timed electric cylinder unit 1 and nasal tube 4, control unit 9 closes sixth valve 3-3 and third valve 2-4, and opens seventh valve 10-1, first valve 2-1, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward syringe vent 1-1, and gas enters nasal tube 4 through pharyngeal tube 7 and is discharged from the body through nasal tube 4. The volume of gas discharged from the body through nasal tube 4 is V7-1, and the duration is T7-1.

[0087] 5) Exhale through the mouth.

[0088] When gas is discharged from the body through time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 and port-end pipeline 5, control unit 9 closes sixth valve 3-3 and first valve 2-1, and opens ninth valve 11-2 / eleventh valve 11-4, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward syringe vent 1-1, and gas enters the port-end pipeline through the throat pipeline and is discharged from the body through the port-end pipeline. The volume of gas discharged from the body through the port-end pipeline is V7-2, and the duration is T7-2.

[0089] 6) Exhale through the nose and mouth.

[0090] The gas is discharged from the body through the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1, the nasal end pipeline 4 and the oral end pipeline, which is a combination of the two methods of exhaling gas through the nasal end pipeline and the oral end pipeline. The control unit 9 controls the sixth valve 3-3 to close. When exhaling gas at the nose and mouth ends, gas can be exhaled through the nasal end pipeline and the oral end pipeline at the same time; or there can be a certain time difference between the exhaled gas from the nasal end pipeline and the oral end pipeline. Therefore, the control unit 9 controls the ninth valve 11-2 / eleventh valve 11-4, the eighth valve 11-1, the third valve 2-4, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2 and the thirteenth valve 12-1 to open according to the set start time of the oral end exhaled gas. At this time, the gas is discharged from the body through the oral end pipeline, the volume of the discharged gas is V7-3, and the duration is T7-3. The control unit 9 controls the opening of the seventh valve 10-1, the first valve 2-1, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1 according to the set time of nasal exhalation. At this time, the gas is discharged from the body through the nasal tube. The volume of the discharged gas is V7-4 and the duration is T7-4. Therefore, when the gas is exhaled from the nose and mouth at the same time, and T7-3 = T7-4, the total time of the gas exhaled from the nose and mouth is T 总4 =T7-3=T7-4; When the air is exhaled from the nose and mouth at the same time, but T7-3>T7-4, the total time of exhaled air through the nose and mouth is T 总4 =T7-3; When the air is exhaled from the nose and mouth at the same time, but T7-4>T7-3, the total time of exhaled air through the nose and mouth is T 总4 =T7-4; When the nose and mouth do not exhale at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the total time of exhaled gas through the nose and mouth is T 总4 =T7-3+T7-4-t. The volume of exhaled gas is V 总4 =V7-3+V7-4.

[0091] In summary, the three inhalation and exhalation modes in the general breathing pattern, which are respectively through the tracheal end tube and not through the tracheal end tube, can form 18 breathing modes after permutation and combination, namely: nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to nasal end tube exhalation, nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the nasal end tube after passing through the tracheal end tube, nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the oral end tube, nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the nasal end and oral end tube after passing through the tracheal end tube, nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the nasal end and oral end tube, nasal end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the nasal end and oral end tube after passing through the tracheal end tube, oral end tube inhalation corresponding to nasal end tube exhalation, oral end tube inhalation corresponding to exhalation from the nasal end tube after passing through the tracheal end tube , inhalation through the mouth-end tube corresponds to exhalation through the mouth-end tube, inhalation through the mouth-end tube corresponds to exhalation from the mouth-end tube after passing through the tracheal-end tube, inhalation through the mouth-end tube corresponds to exhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the nose-end tube, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the nose-end tube after passing through the tracheal-end tube, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the mouth-end tube, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the mouth-end tube after passing through the tracheal-end tube, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the nose-end tube after passing through the tracheal-end tube, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the nose-end and mouth-end tubes, inhalation through the nose-end and mouth-end tubes corresponds to exhalation from the nose-end and mouth-end tubes after passing through the tracheal-end tube.

[0092] In each breathing mode, the inhalation time for the three inhalation modes through the tracheal end tube can be 1 times or N times the inhalation time of the human body; the exhalation time for the three exhalation modes through the tracheal end tube can be 1 times or N times the exhalation time of the human body. The same applies to the three inhalation modes and the three exhalation modes without the tracheal end tube.

[0093] After one inhalation and exhalation process is completed, the control unit 9 controls all valves to be in a closed state, and sets the time interval for the next inhalation and exhalation according to the inhalation and exhalation frequency of the bionic human body.

[0094] II. When the bionic inhalation and exhalation system provided by the present invention is used to simulate the special breathing pattern of the human body, two breathing patterns are also included: one through the tracheal end tube and the other not through the tracheal end tube. These two patterns are similar to the general breathing pattern, except that the inhalation method is different, specifically including special inhalation only through the oral end tube, special inhalation through the oral end tube, special inhalation only through the nasal end tube and the oral end tube, and special inhalation through the nasal end tube and the oral end tube.

[0095] 1) Only inhale aerosols through the mouth-end tubing.

[0096] Control unit 9 opens tenth valve 11-3, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. Electric unit 1-3 drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3. Aerosol then flows through tenth valve 11-3 according to the set inhalation waveform and enters timed electric cylinder unit 1. The volume of aerosol inhaled into the cylinder unit is V8-1, and the duration of inhalation is T8-1.

[0097] 2) Special inhalation of air and aerosols through the mouth-end tube.

[0098] The control unit 9 controls the opening of the eighth valve 11-1, the third valve 2-4, the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1. The ninth valve 11-2 is opened according to the set start time for air inhalation, and the tenth valve 11-3 is opened according to the set start time for aerosol inhalation. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 to move in the direction of the electric unit 1-3. Air is then inhaled through the ninth valve 11-2 with a volume of V8-2 and a duration of T8-2; aerosol is inhaled through the tenth valve 11-3 with a volume of V8-3 and a duration of T8-3. When only special inhalation and general inhalation through the mouth-end start at the same time and have the same duration, the time for special inhalation of air and aerosol through the mouth-end pipeline is T 总5 = T8-2 = T8-3; When the special inhalation through the mouth end and the general inhalation start at the same time, but T8-3> T8-4, the time for the special inhalation of air and aerosol through the mouth end pipe is T 总5 = T8-3; When the special inhalation through the mouth end and the general inhalation start at the same time, but T8-4> T8-3, the time for the special inhalation of air and aerosol through the mouth end pipe is T 总5 = T8-4; When the special inhalation through the mouth end and the general inhalation do not start at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the time for the special inhalation of air and aerosol through the mouth end pipe is T 总5 =T8-3+T8-4-t. The volume of the inhaled gas is V 总5 =V8-3+V8-4.

[0099] 3) Inhalation of air through the nasal tube and only specific inhalation of aerosols through the oral tube.

[0100] The control unit 9 controls the fourth valve 3-1, the fifth valve 3-2, and the thirteenth valve 12-1 to open, and then controls the tenth valve 11-3, the eighth valve 11-1, the third valve 2-4 for special aerosol inhalation through the oral tube, the seventh valve 10-1, and the first valve 2-1 for general air inhalation through the nasal tube to open. The electric unit 1-3 drives the piston 1-2 to move in the direction of the electric unit 1-3, and the air is inhaled into the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 through the nasal tube 4, and the aerosol is inhaled into the time-controlled electric cylinder unit 1 through the oral tube 5. The volume of aerosol inhaled through the oral tube is V8-5, and the continuous inhalation time is T8-5; the volume of air inhaled through the nasal tube is V8-6, and the duration is T8-6. When the nasal tube 4 and the oral tube 5 inhale gas and aerosol respectively at the same time, and the duration is the same, the time for inhaling the special aerosol through the oral tube and the general air through the nasal tube is T 总6 = T8-5 = T8-6; When the nasal tube and the oral tube inhale gas and aerosol respectively at the same time, but T8-5> T8-6, the time for inhaling special aerosol through the oral tube and inhaling general air through the nasal tube is T 总6 =T8-5; When the nasal tube and the oral tube inhale gas and aerosol respectively at the same time, but T8-6>T8-5, the time for inhaling special aerosol through the oral tube and general air through the nasal tube is T 总6 = T8-6; When the nasal tube and the oral tube do not inhale gas and aerosol at the same time, and the time difference between the two is t, the time for the special aerosol to pass through the oral tube and the general air to be inhaled through the nasal tube is T 总6 =T8-5+T8-6-t. The volume of the inhaled gas is V 总6 =V8-5+V8-6.

[0101] 4) Inhalation of air through the nasal cannula and inhalation of air and aerosols through the oral cannula.

[0102] Control unit 9 opens fourth valve 3-1, fifth valve 3-2, and thirteenth valve 12-1. It then opens tenth valve 11-3, eighth valve 11-1, third valve 2-4, ninth valve 11-2, and seventh valve 10-1, respectively, for general air inhalation through the oral tube. Electric unit 1-3 then drives piston 1-2 toward electric unit 1-3, causing air to be drawn into timed electric cylinder unit 1 through nasal and oral tubes 4 and 5. Aerosol is then drawn into timed electric cylinder unit 1 through oral tube 5. The volume of aerosol drawn through oral tube 5 is V8-7, and the duration of inhalation is T8-7. The volume of air drawn through oral tube 5 is V8-8, and the duration of inhalation is T8-8. The volume of air drawn through nasal tube 4 is V8-9, and the duration of inhalation is T8-9. When the start time of inhaling air through the nasal tube and the start time of inhaling air and aerosol through the oral tube are the same, the duration of inhaling air and aerosol through the nasal tube and the oral tube is the largest, which is the total duration of inhaling air and aerosol through the nasal tube and the oral tube. 总8 When the start time of inhaling air through the nasal tube and the start time of inhaling air and aerosol through the oral tube are different, when the time difference between the three is t, the total duration of inhaling air through the nasal tube and the start time of inhaling air and aerosol through the oral tube is T 总8 =T8-7+T8-8+T8-9-t.

[0103] The above are various ways of inhaling in the human body's special breathing pattern. The various ways of exhaling in the human body's special breathing pattern are similar to the exhaling ways in the general breathing pattern, and are not listed here.

[0104] The various inhalation and exhalation methods within the general and special breathing patterns provided by the present invention can be permuted and combined to form a variety of different breathing patterns, thereby simulating the various breathing patterns of the human body as completely as possible. Similarly, within each special breathing pattern, the inhalation time can be 1 times the human inhalation time, or N times the human inhalation time.

[0105] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be based on the claims. Any equivalent structural changes made using the description and drawings of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system, characterized in that: It comprises a control unit, a plurality of simulation pipelines, a respiratory power device and a gating device; the plurality of simulation pipelines include a nasal end pipeline for simulating the nasal cavity, an oral end pipeline for simulating the oral cavity and a tracheal end pipeline for simulating the trachea; the gating device includes a plurality of control valves for achieving communication between the three simulation pipelines; the respiratory power device is used to provide power for the gas to flow between the three simulation pipelines; one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline is used to connect to an air source, and the air source includes a clean air source and an aerosol source, and one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline is connected to the clean air source through an air branch, is connected to the aerosol source through an aerosol branch, and is exhausted through an exhaust branch; the other end of the nasal end pipeline and the other end of the oral end pipeline are both connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline through the gating device; The control unit controls the connection between the respiratory power device and the gating device to change the interconnection mode between the three simulation pipelines and the gas flow direction in the three simulation pipelines by controlling the switching and / or reversing of the gating device and the action of the respiratory power device, thereby simulating different inhalation and exhalation modes; and also controls the opening and switching time of the gating device to simulate the inhalation and exhalation behavior parameters under different inhalation and exhalation modes.

2. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The respiratory power device is connected to the multiple simulation pipelines, and the connection method is any one of the following methods: connected to one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline, connected to the other end of the nasal end pipeline and / or the other end of the oral end pipeline, connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline, and connected to the other end of the tracheal end pipeline.

3. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extracorporeal bionic inhalation and exhalation system also includes a second respiratory power device that serves as a backup for the respiratory power device. The second respiratory power device is connected to the multiple simulation pipelines, and the connection method is any one of the following methods: connected to one end of the nasal end pipeline and / or one end of the oral end pipeline, connected to the other end of the nasal end pipeline and / or the other end of the oral end pipeline, connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline, and connected to the other end of the tracheal end pipeline.

4. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extracorporeal bionic inhalation and exhalation system further comprises an intermediate air inlet and outlet pipeline, one end of which is used to communicate with the atmosphere, and the other end is connected to the connecting pipeline between the respiratory power device and the corresponding simulation pipeline.

5. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inhalation and exhalation pattern includes an inhalation and exhalation pattern through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation pattern through the tracheal end includes an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase; The inhalation phase of the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes: connecting the air branch and / or the aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, and the tracheal end tube to each other, so as to deliver a set inhalation volume of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube to the tracheal end tube; The process of the exhalation phase of the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes: connecting the tracheal end tube, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch to each other, so as to discharge a set exhaled volume of clean air and / or aerosol from the tracheal end tube through the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch in sequence.

6. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inhalation and exhalation pattern includes an inhalation and exhalation pattern that does not pass through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation pattern that does not pass through the tracheal end includes an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase; The process of the inhalation phase of the inhalation and exhalation mode without passing through the tracheal end includes: connecting the air branch and / or the aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube to each other, so as to deliver a set inhalation volume of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube; The process of the exhalation phase of the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end includes: connecting the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch to each other, so as to discharge a set exhaled volume of clean air and / or aerosol from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube through the air branch and / or the exhaust branch.

7. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The respiratory power device is connected to the other end of the nasal end tube and the other end of the oral end tube, or is connected to one end of the tracheal end tube; the inhalation and exhalation mode includes an inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end, and the inhalation and exhalation mode through the tracheal end includes an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase; the process of the inhalation phase is any one of the following two processes: In the first process, the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, and the respiratory power device are first connected to each other, so that clean air and / or aerosol with a set first inhalation volume V1 is delivered from the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube to the respiratory power device; then, the intermediate air inlet and outlet tubes and the respiratory power device are connected to each other, so that air with a set inhalation difference volume V2-V1 is delivered from the intermediate air inlet and outlet tubes to the respiratory power device, where V2 is a set second inhalation volume and V2>V1; finally, the clean air and / or aerosol with the set second inhalation volume V2 is delivered from the respiratory power device to the tracheal end tube; In the second process, the air branch and / or aerosol branch, the nasal tube and / or oral tube, and the respiratory power device are first connected to each other, so that clean air and / or aerosol of a set first inhalation volume V1 is delivered from the nasal tube and / or oral tube into the respiratory power device; and then, clean air and / or aerosol of a set second inhalation volume V2 is delivered from the respiratory power device into the tracheal tube, where V2 ≤ V1. The process of the exhalation stage includes: first, connecting the tracheal end tube and the respiratory power device to each other to discharge the clean air and / or aerosol of the set first exhaled volume V3 from the tracheal end tube to the respiratory power device; then connecting the respiratory power device, the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch to each other to discharge the clean air and / or aerosol of the second set exhaled volume V4 from the respiratory power device through the nasal end tube and / or the oral end tube, the air branch and / or the exhaust branch in sequence.

8. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that: During the inhalation and exhalation phases of the inhalation and exhalation pattern passing through the tracheal end, the inhalation time and exhalation time need to be counted respectively, and after the inhalation phase ends, the start of the exhalation phase is controlled according to the set breath-holding time.

9. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the inhalation and exhalation phases of the inhalation and exhalation mode that does not pass through the tracheal end, the inhalation time and exhalation time must be counted separately, and after the inhalation phase ends, the start of the exhalation phase is controlled according to the set breath-holding time.

10. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple control valves are all on-off valves, which are valves that only have the functions of opening, closing and opening adjustment; or some of the multiple control valves are on-off valves, and the other part of the control valves are multi-position multi-way reversing valves; or the multiple control valves are all multi-position multi-way reversing valves.

11. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The multiple control valves are all multi-position multi-way reversing valves, and the multiple simulation pipelines also include a throat pipeline for simulating the throat. The multiple control valves include a first multi-position multi-way reversing valve and a second multi-position multi-way reversing valve; the other end of the nasal end pipeline and the other end of the oral end pipeline are both connected to one end of the throat pipeline through the first multi-position multi-way reversing valve, and the other end of the throat pipeline is connected to one end of the tracheal end pipeline through the second multi-position multi-way reversing valve.

12. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inhalation and exhalation behavior parameters include at least one of the inhalation volume, inhalation time, exhalation volume, exhalation time, inhalation frequency, exhalation frequency, breath-holding time, interval time, inhalation waveform and exhalation waveform. The inhalation time includes the start time of the nth inhalation, the end time of the nth inhalation, the nth inhalation interval time and the inhalation duration. The exhalation time includes the start time of the nth exhalation, the end time of the nth exhalation, the nth exhalation interval time and the exhalation duration. The breath-holding time is the duration between the end of the inhalation phase and the start of the exhalation phase during an inhalation and exhalation behavior. The interval time is the duration between the end of one inhalation and exhalation behavior and the start of the next inhalation and exhalation behavior.

13. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breathing power device is a piston pulling device.

14. The in vitro bionic inhalation and exhalation system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: After the inhalation and exhalation behavior simulated by a certain inhalation and exhalation pattern ends, the next inhalation and exhalation behavior is simulated according to the set inhalation and exhalation frequency and the next inhalation and exhalation pattern.

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