A safe preservative for small mammal specimens and its preparation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preservatives, and specifically discloses a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the preservative comprises: (1) taking sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, potassium sorbate, permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor, drying and crushing to obtain a medicine powder for standby use; (2) taking the medicine powder of step (1) and putting it into ethanol with a mass fraction of 95%, dissolving it for 8-16 hours, drying and crushing to obtain a medicine powder; (3) adding sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate into ethanol with a mass fraction of 75%, then pouring it into the medicine powder obtained in step (2), stirring it evenly to form a paste-like viscous state. The preservative component of the invention is non-toxic and highly safe, and has not only good mildew and bacterial plaque prevention effects on skinned specimens, but also anti-damage effects on the epidermis of the specimens, and is conducive to long-term maintenance of the surface tissue state of the skinned specimens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of preservatives, and in particular relates to a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Small mammal taxidermy specimens are indispensable experimental props in the teaching of zoology, ecology, grassland protection and other courses. Their scientific research value cannot be ignored and they also play an important role in popular science work. Based on the actual operation experience of preparing small mammal taxidermy specimens, the basic preparation process mainly includes the steps of selecting specimens, measuring morphological indicators, peeling the skin, degreasing, preservation, prosthesis making, filling, suturing and coloring. The quality of the preservation directly determines the service life of the specimen. Specimens with good preservation can be used for nearly a hundred years, while specimens with poor preservation will be corrupted and damaged in a few years.

[0003] Traditional toxic and pungent preservatives such as arsenic trioxide (arsenic), phenol and formaldehyde are toxic to a certain extent, which not only causes harm to specimen makers, but also does not conform to the concept of modern specimen making and exhibition. Some preservatives are expensive, which is not conducive to promotion and utilization. In the rainy season or in areas with humid air, it is difficult to ensure a good preservation effect. Usually, some skinned specimens are damaged or destroyed due to poor preservative effects, which is because it is difficult to obtain perfect materials to remake complete specimens of wild animal specimens, such as flying squirrels, Siberian marmots, and five-toed jerboas, once they are damaged, which wastes precious wild animal resources and social resources.

[0004] At present, nearly 100 chemical agents have been reported to have good antibacterial effects, are non-toxic to the human body, and can be used in the preservation of food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields, but have not been used in specimen preparation. If these agents are applied to the preservation of small mammal specimens, it can not only reduce the cost of use, but also ensure the health of the preparation and use personnel, thus killing two birds with one stone. Therefore, the present invention provides a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe preservative for small mammal taxidermy specimens and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The specific technical solutions of the present invention include:

[0007] The present invention provides a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, comprising a main component and a processing aid;

[0008] The main components include at least the following raw materials: sodium dehydrogenate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, potassium sorbate, permethrin, cypermethrin and natural camphor.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the main component also includes phytoncide and nisin, and the weight ratio of phytoncide to nisin is 3-4:1.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the weight ratio of sodium dehydrogenate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate and potassium sorbate is 1-4:1-3:1-2:1.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0012] (1) taking sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, potassium sorbate, permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor, drying and crushing to obtain a medicated powder for standby use;

[0013] (2) taking the powder obtained in step (1) and placing it in 95% by mass ethanol, dissolving it for 8-16 hours, and then drying and crushing it to obtain powder;

[0014] (3) Add sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate to 75% by mass ethanol, then pour into the powder obtained in step (2), and stir until it becomes a paste-like viscous state.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to 95% ethanol by mass is 1:2-4.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to 75% ethanol is 1:1-3, and the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 90-100:1.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for using a safe preservative for small mammal specimens, the steps of which include:

[0018] (1) Kill and skin the small mammals as specimens, then degrease the skin in 95% alcohol for 4-7 days, and soak the skin in clean water for 1-2 hours;

[0019] (2) Apply a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens evenly to the head and inner side of the body of the skin, then thread the skin onto the prepared prosthesis, suture the incision, install the specimen base, adjust the posture, and dry it.

[0020] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step (2), the amount of the medicinal preservative applied to the small mammal skinned specimen is 10-20% of the weight of the fur.

[0021] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) The small mammal skinned specimen pharmaceutical preservative of the present invention has a good broad-spectrum bactericidal effect, is slowly released, and can ensure the antiseptic effect of the specimen for a long time. In addition, it has an anti-damage effect on the specimen epidermis, which is conducive to the long-term maintenance of the surface tissue state of the skinned specimen. Its components are non-toxic and healthy, and do not cause physical harm to the personnel who make and use it;

[0023] (2) The preparation method of the present invention can fully extract the inorganic and organic effective components in the drug, thereby improving the overall antibacterial activity of the antibacterial agent. In addition, the preparation method is simple, low-cost, requires less equipment, and is easier to promote and utilize. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is described in further detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0025] 1. Materials and Methods

[0026] The methods used in this example are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens, the steps of which include:

[0029] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0030] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 2600 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 75 g of phytoncide and 25 g of nisin were added;

[0031] (3) Take 2250 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 7.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens, the steps of which include:

[0034] (1) 150 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 100 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0035] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 2200 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 75 g of phytoncide and 25 g of nisin were added;

[0036] (3) Measure 1950 ml of 75% alcohol, dissolve 6.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens, the steps of which include:

[0039] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 100 g of permethrin, 100 g of tetramethrin, and 100 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0040] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 3200 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 75 g of phytoncide and 25 g of nisin were added;

[0041] (3) Take 2700 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 9.0 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0044] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0045] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) are placed in 2600 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 150 g of phytoncide and 50 g of nisin are added.

[0046] (3) Take 2550 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 8.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0049] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0050] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 2600 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 80 g of phytoncide and 20 g of nisin were added;

[0051] (3) Take 2250 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 7.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0054] (1) 280 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 210 g of sodium benzoate, 140 g of sodium citrate, 70 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0055] (2) taking all the ingredients in step (1) and placing them in 3400 ml of 95% ethanol by mass, dissolving them and drying them in an oven (20° C., 72 h) to produce powder;

[0056] (3) Take 2550 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 8.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0059] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0060] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 4000 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 200 g of phytoncide was added;

[0061] (3) Take 2550 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 8.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens, the steps of which include:

[0064] (1) 200 g of sodium dehydroacetate, 150 g of sodium benzoate, 100 g of sodium citrate, 50 g of potassium sorbate, 50 g of permethrin, 50 g of tetramethrin, and 50 g of natural camphor were placed in an oven (20° C., 72 h) for drying, crushed into powder using a pulverizer, sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0065] (2) All the ingredients in step (1) were placed in 4000 ml of 95% ethanol, dissolved, dried and powdered in an oven (20° C., 72 h), and 200 g of nisin was added;

[0066] (3) Take 2550 ml of 75% alcohol by mass, dissolve 8.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in it, stir thoroughly and evenly, and pour into a sealed fluoride bottle to prepare a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens.

[0067] 1. Anti-mildew and antibacterial effect test

[0068] Take the same amount of the preservatives prepared in Examples 1-4 and conduct the anti-mildew and antibacterial effect tests according to Table 1

[0069] Table 1. Experimental design table

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2. Statistical table of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects

[0074]

[0075] Result analysis: The preservative prepared in Example 4 has the best effect in terms of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects;

[0076] Among them, compared with Example 4, the difference between Example 1 and Example 4 is that the overall proportion of phytoncide and nisin in the preservative is less than that in Example 4. From the perspective of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects, Example 1 is less than that in Example 4. It can be seen that increasing the overall proportion of phytoncide and nisin in the preservative is beneficial to improving the anti-mildew and antibacterial effects;

[0077] Compared with Example 3, the difference between Example 2 and Example 3 is that the overall proportion of permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor in the preservative is less than that in Example 4. From the perspective of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects, Example 1 is equivalent to Example 4. It can be seen that the overall proportion of permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor in the preservative has a slight effect on the improvement of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects.

[0078] Compared with Example 1, Example 5 differs in that the overall proportion of sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, and potassium sorbate in the preservatives is different in that the proportion between phytoncide and nisin is higher in Example 5 than in Example 1. From the perspective of anti-mildew and antibacterial effects, Example 5 is significantly better than Example 1 in terms of the effect of inhibiting Bacillus. At the same time, from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2, Comparative Example 2 has the strongest inhibitory effect on Bacillus when phytoncide is used completely, which shows that phytoncide has a limiting effect on the inhibitory effect on Bacillus. However, from the comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Example 4, it can be seen that the use of phytoncide alone has a negative effect on the anti-mildew effect of the preservative. Therefore, from the perspective of the overall anti-mildew and antibacterial effects of the preservative, Example 3 has the best effect.

[0079] 2. Test on the preservation effect of skinned specimens

[0080] The preservation effect of skinned specimens was tested using the preservatives prepared in Examples 3 and 4. To fully demonstrate the test results, the test was designed according to Table 3.

[0081] Table 3. Experimental design table

[0082]

[0083] 200 adult long-clawed gerbils were taken, 20 in each group, the fur of the long-clawed gerbils was peeled off and placed in 95% alcohol for degreasing for 3 days, the fur was taken out, and it was soaked in clean water for 1 hour to soften, and the weight of the fur was weighed to be 25g. 5g of the small mammal skinned specimen drug preservative prepared in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 4-9 were weighed in turn, and evenly applied to the head and the inner side of the body of the skin with a brush, the skin was put on the prepared prosthesis, the incision was sutured, the specimen base was installed, the posture was adjusted, and it was dried. After drying, the long-clawed sand mouse specimens were prepared. In addition, the same amount of arsenic trioxide and formaldehyde were weighed as control group 1 and control group 2, and the specimen control group was prepared according to the above method. After the specimens were prepared, the epidermal state was observed at intervals of 3 months, half a year and one year, and the number of moldy plaques (Note: whether the specimen epidermis was moldy or had plaques, or both occurred at the same time, it was counted as an occurrence) and the epidermal damage rate (epidermal states such as cracks, shedding, and breakage were counted as occurrences) were counted. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0084] Table 4. Test results of preservation effect of skinned specimens

[0085]

[0086] The results show that, compared with comparative examples 4-9 and control groups 1-2, the specimens prepared in Example 4 have good color retention and can be clearly identified after being stored for 3 months, half a year and one year. The epidermal tissue of the specimens does not show any signs of mildew, and there are no signs of plaque and the integrity of the epidermal tissue is good without any damage, which is highly similar to the original sample.

[0087] Comparative Examples 4-6 are compared with Example 4, except that permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor are added separately in Comparative Examples 4-6, respectively. From the results of the preservation effect test, the number of mildew plaques and the number of epidermal damage are greater than those in Example 4, among which the preservation effect of Comparative Example 5 is better than that of Comparative Examples 4 and 6. It can be seen that the use of tetramethrin alone is beneficial to the preservation effect of the specimen;

[0088] Comparison between Example 5 and Example 7 is that Example 7 uses a mixture of the same weight of permethrin and cypermethrin. From the perspective of the preservation effect test structure, Example 7 is better than Example 5 in preventing mildew and bacterial plaque, but is not as good as Example 5 in preventing epidermal damage. It can be seen that the mixed use of permethrin and cypermethrin can ensure the prevention of mildew and bacterial plaque while improving the prevention of epidermal damage of the specimen.

[0089] Conclusion: The preservative prepared by the present invention has a long-lasting and excellent anti-mildew and bacterial plaque effect on the overall preservation effect of skinned specimens compared with the commonly used preservatives on the market, especially the anti-damage effect on the specimen surface, which is beneficial to the long-term maintenance of the surface tissue state of the skinned specimens. In addition, the preservative ingredients of the present invention are non-toxic and healthy, and do not cause physical harm to the people who make and use them. It is an ideal substitute for the toxic preservatives commonly used on the market.

[0090] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe preservative for small mammal specimens, characterized in that: Including main ingredients and processing aids; The main components include at least the following raw materials: sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, potassium sorbate, permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor, wherein the weight ratio of sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate and potassium sorbate is 1-4:1-3:1-2:1; The main components also include phytoncide and nisin, and the weight ratio of phytoncide to nisin is 3-4:

1.

2. A method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) taking sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, potassium sorbate, permethrin, tetramethrin and natural camphor, drying and crushing to obtain a medicated powder for standby use; (2) taking the powder obtained in step (1) and placing it in 95% by mass ethanol, dissolving it for 8-16 hours, and then drying and crushing it to obtain powder; (3) Add sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate to 75% by mass ethanol, then pour into the powder obtained in step (2), and stir until it becomes a paste-like viscous state.

3. The method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (2), the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to 95% ethanol by mass is 1:2-4.

4. The method for preparing a safe preservative for small mammal specimens according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (3), the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to 75% ethanol is 1:1-3, and the weight ratio of the total weight of the medicinal powder to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 90-100:

1.

5. The method for using the safe preservative for small mammal taxidermy specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Kill and skin the small mammals as specimens, then degrease the skin in 95% alcohol for 4-7 days, and soak the skin in clean water for 1-2 hours; (2) Apply a safe preservative for small mammal skinned specimens evenly to the head and inner side of the body of the skin, then thread the skin onto the prepared prosthesis, suture the incision, install the specimen base, adjust the posture, and dry it.

6. The method for using the safe preservative for small mammal taxidermy specimens according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (2), the amount of the medicinal preservative applied to the small mammal skinned specimen is 10-20% of the weight of the fur.

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