Two-stage ballistic environment intelligent perception device and method for fuze arming

Abstract

This invention proposes a two-stage ballistic environment intelligent sensing device and method for fuze arming, belonging to the fields of fuze safety arming systems and environmental identification technology. The device primarily comprises four components: a controller, a power supply, an acceleration detection unit, and a data storage and communication unit. The system can sense and store characteristic parameters of the ballistic environment throughout the entire missile launch, flight, and impact process. The device utilizes two accelerometers with different ranges. These two accelerometers do not operate simultaneously. Instead, by setting a reasonable transfer relationship and conversion algorithm, the corresponding accelerometers are used at different overload stages of the ballistic environment, effectively converting the collected data. This allows for accurate sensing and storage of low-acceleration overloads of the order of 10 G during launch and flight, as well as ultra-high acceleration overloads of the order of 10,000 G during missile impact. Furthermore, the device effectively avoids false triggering caused by vibration and collision during transportation. Furthermore, the device uses a low-power microprocessor as its main controller, enabling long standby periods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of fuze safety arming systems and environmental identification technology, and in particular to a two-stage ballistic environment intelligent perception device and method for fuze arming. Technical Background

[0002] The perception of ballistic environmental characteristic parameters is crucial for weapons and ammunition, such as artillery shells and missiles, primarily serving as environmental information input for electronic safety and arming devices. The electronic fuze is a core component for ensuring the safety of modern ammunition. It utilizes environmental, target, or command information to arm the fuze according to a prescribed time and procedure, placing the ammunition in a ready-to-fire state. A common arming method for electronic fuzes is to set an acceleration threshold. This involves using an accelerometer to detect acceleration overload, one of the characteristic parameters of the ballistic environment. The accelerometer then determines whether the detected acceleration exceeds the threshold, which is then used to determine whether to arm the fuze.

[0003] Before a missile strikes its target, the impact overload sensed by the accelerometer is divided into two types: transient overload and steady-state overload. Transient overload is the acceleration generated by a short-term impact, such as the impact overload from an accidental collision or fall. This transient overload can prematurely arm the fuze, posing a safety hazard. Therefore, using a single inertial meter to set the acceleration threshold presents a significant safety hazard. Steady-state overload is a relatively long-term, stable acceleration effect, such as the propulsion force during a missile launch. Therefore, the acceleration that the accelerometer needs to sense before the missile strikes its target is steady-state overload.

[0004] When a missile approaches a target, there are three possible detonation timings: triggered, proximity, and delayed. Delayed detonation delays the missile's penetration into the target or deep into the ground before detonating, increasing its destructive power. Delayed detonation allows the missile to complete the impact process. Missile impact can produce acceleration overloads on the order of 10,000 Gs, while steady-state acceleration during launch and flight is only on the order of 10 Gs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect both low accelerations of 10,000 Gs and very high accelerations of 10,000 Gs.

[0005] In the above application environment, the following problems need to be overcome: detecting the ultra-high acceleration of tens of thousands of Gs generated by missile impact; the limited size of the missile and the limited energy it can provide, so the device must adopt a low-power and miniaturized design; and avoiding false triggering caused by vibration and collision during transportation. [1]He Bo, Yin Zhichen, Lou Wenzhong, et al. Intelligent perception system of weak ballistic environment for individual cruise missiles [J]. Journal of Detection and Control, 2021. The intelligent perception system of weak ballistic environment for individual cruise missiles designed by et al. uses dual low-range (<100g) acceleration for ballistic environment perception, which can accurately and reliably perceive overload, but cannot meet the requirements of sensing the ultra-high overload of 10,000 G generated by missile impact under the above application conditions; Wang Yabin [2] Wang Yabin, Guo Kaixin. Research on ballistic environment parameter storage test system with multi-sensor fusion [J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020. The ballistic environment parameter storage test system with multi-sensor fusion designed uses multiple accelerometers of different ranges in parallel to sense the acceleration of the ballistic environment. It can sense ultra-high acceleration overloads. However, due to the use of a release method that sets a single acceleration threshold, it cannot effectively avoid false triggering caused by vibration and collision during missile transportation under the application conditions. At the same time, due to the parallel use of multiple accelerometers and high-performance microcontrollers, a low-power design cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems and propose a two-stage ballistic environment intelligent sensing device for fuze arming. The device senses and stores characteristic parameters of the ballistic environment throughout the entire process of missile launch, flight, and impact. The device uses two accelerometers with different ranges. The two accelerometers do not operate simultaneously. Instead, by setting a reasonable transfer relationship and conversion algorithm, accelerometers of corresponding magnitudes are used in different overload ballistic environment stages to achieve effective conversion of collected data. This allows for accurate sensing and storage of low-acceleration overloads of the order of 10G during launch and flight, as well as ultra-high-acceleration overloads of the order of 10,000G during missile impact, while effectively avoiding false triggering caused by vibration and collision during transportation. In addition, the device uses a low-power microprocessor as the main control, which can achieve long standby time.

[0007] Therefore, this system can collect overloads of tens of thousands of gigabytes while effectively avoiding false triggering caused by vibration and collision during transportation. It also has the characteristics of miniaturization and low power consumption.

[0008] The present invention proposes a two-stage ballistic environment intelligent sensing device for fuze arming. The system block diagram is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the system hardware solution mainly includes four parts: controller part, power supply part, acceleration detection part, and data storage and communication part.

[0009] Controller: The controller, shown in the dashed box in the figure, is an integrated microcontroller that includes a central processing unit (CPU), internal memory, and various peripherals. This system requires the use of basic general-purpose input / output (GPIO) peripherals. For ADC and communication interface peripherals, either integrated or external components can be used. The microcontroller shown in the dashed box uses the integrated ADC and communication interface peripherals.

[0010] Power supply: This part consists of a battery and two voltage regulators. The system is powered by a battery, and the two voltage regulators provide a regulated output of the battery energy. The output of voltage regulator 1 powers the microcontroller and the low-frequency accelerometer; voltage regulator 2 powers the high-frequency accelerometer. At the same time, the enable pin (EN) of voltage regulator 2 is connected to the main control chip via GPIO, and the main control chip enables it.

[0011] Acceleration detection: This section consists of two accelerometers, a high- and low-level accelerometer, an ADC peripheral, and a communication interface peripheral. The high-level accelerometer outputs an analog signal when detecting acceleration, which is converted to a digital signal by the ADC peripheral and output to the main control chip. The low-level accelerometer also outputs a digital signal when detecting acceleration, which is transmitted to the main control chip via a suitable communication interface. The low-level accelerometer's interrupt output pin, INT, is connected to the main control chip via a GPIO.

[0012] The low-range accelerometer is a low-range triaxial accelerometer with a force less than 100g, and is used to measure low accelerations.

[0013] The high-speed accelerometer is a high-range accelerometer with a force less than 200,000 g, and is used to measure high acceleration during missile impact.

[0014] Data storage and communication: This section consists of memory, a communication interface, and a host computer. The memory and host computer exchange data with the controller via an appropriate communication interface. This data exchange is bidirectional. The controller stores acceleration data detected by the acceleration detection unit in the memory via the communication interface. Simultaneously, the controller can read data from the memory via the communication interface. The host computer receives corresponding instructions or signals, which can be used to obtain data from the memory.

[0015] Supplementary explanation: The hardware design of this ballistic environment intelligent perception system is as follows:

[0016] (1) Select a controller chip with low power consumption as the main controller to meet the long standby time and low power consumption requirements of the device. Depending on the actual situation, you can use an external analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and communication interface, or you can use the chip's built-in ADC and communication interface peripherals. The ADC samples the analog signal output by the high accelerometer, and the main controller exchanges data with the low accelerometer, external memory, and host computer through the communication interface.

[0017] (2) Use a low-range (<100g) three-axis accelerometer to measure low accelerations. It is recommended to select an inertial sensor with low power consumption characteristics to reduce the power consumption of the system. At the same time, the low-range accelerometer can quickly exchange data with the main control chip through the communication interface.

[0018] (3) Select an ultra-high-range (<200,000 g) accelerometer to measure the high acceleration during missile impact. MEMS sensors are recommended to meet the design requirements of lightweight and miniaturization.

[0019] (4) Select a non-volatile memory to store the data measured by the sensor;

[0020] Two voltage regulators are selected to power the microcontroller and high acceleration sensor respectively. The enable pin (EN) of the voltage regulator chip that powers the high acceleration sensor is enabled by the microcontroller. When a missile impact is detected, the chip is enabled to power the high acceleration sensor. When the missile is idle, the voltage regulator chip does not work to reduce system power consumption.

[0021] See Figure 2 The process of the two-level ballistic environment intelligent perception method for fuze arming is as follows:

[0022] Step 1: System initialization: Initialize the main control chip and various peripherals.

[0023] Step 2: Low accelerometer startup;

[0024] Step 3: Write the low accelerometer data to the memory: The host controller polls the low accelerometer value and stores the acceleration data in the external memory.

[0025] Step 4: Determine whether to convert the accelerometer;

[0026] The judgment condition is: whether the low acceleration data collected within B milliseconds is greater than Ag after low-pass filtering,

[0027] The range of A is <50g, and the range of B is <200ms. The values ​​of A and B should be adjusted according to the actual situation. If the conditions are met, proceed to step 5. If the conditions are not met, jump to step 9.

[0028] Step 5: Turn off the low accelerometer;

[0029] Step 6: Enable EN to turn on the voltage regulator that powers the high accelerometer.

[0030] Step 7: High accelerometer startup;

[0031] Step 8: Write the high acceleration data into the memory;

[0032] Step: 9: Determine whether the memory is full;

[0033] In actual design, a reasonable data writing duration should be selected according to the actual situation, so that the required perception duration matches the writing duration supported by the memory capacity. This duration can be adjusted by the memory capacity and writing speed.

[0034] Step 10: The system enters standby mode;

[0035] Step 11: Determine whether the low accelerometer interrupt signal pin INT is set high.

[0036] If the low accelerometer interrupt signal pin INT is set high, it means that the system is subjected to a certain amount of acceleration and jumps to step 2. Otherwise, it returns to step 10 and the system enters standby mode.

[0037] The two-stage ballistic environment intelligent sensing device for fuze arming proposed in the present invention uses an ultra-low-power microcontroller as the main controller in its hardware part, ensuring the low power consumption characteristics of the device and achieving an ultra-long standby time. The conversion of high and low dual MEMS accelerometers is used to perform real-time perception of ballistic environment characteristic parameters, and realize the perception and storage of acceleration of the order of 10,000 G during impact. The simultaneous use of high and low accelerometers can effectively avoid safety issues caused by transient acceleration and the collection and storage of invalid data. The device selects a non-volatile ferroelectric memory chip and uses a cyclic write method to achieve reliable storage of the collected parameters with extremely small memory resource usage of the main control chip.

[0038] In short, this system can achieve perceptual storage of 10,000 G-level acceleration, while also having the characteristics of ultra-low power consumption, high security, and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is the system hardware design block diagram of the ballistic environment intelligent perception system;

[0040] Figure 2 This is the workflow diagram of the ballistic environment intelligent perception system;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a two-stage ballistic environment intelligent sensing device for fuze arming in the embodiment;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of test results in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of reading data from the memory through the serial port in the embodiment.

[0044] Specific implementation examples:

[0045] In this embodiment, the system block diagram is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the system hardware solution mainly includes four parts: controller part, power supply part, acceleration detection part, data storage and communication part. The system hardware design is as follows:

[0046] (1) The STM32L010F4 chip with ultra-low power consumption is selected as the main control to meet the requirements of long standby time and low power consumption design of the device. The analog signal output by the high accelerometer is sampled using the on-chip ADC peripheral of the chip, the data exchange between the low accelerometer and the external memory is carried out using the SPI interface, and the external interface is brought out using the serial port;

[0047] (2) The three-axis accelerometer ADXL345 is used to measure low acceleration. This inertial sensor has the advantage of ultra-low power consumption: during normal measurement, when the supply voltage is 2.5V, the operating current is only 23μA. When the inertial sensor is in standby mode, the operating current is only 0.1μA. At the same time, the SPI interface is used to quickly exchange data with the main control STM32L010F4.

[0048] (3) The BM1001X 10,000 G range accelerometer is selected to measure the high acceleration during missile impact. The chip is small in size and light in weight, which can meet the requirements of lightweight design. At the same time, the chip has good working stability and high reliability. At the same time, the AD8226 amplifier chip is used to amplify the analog signal output by the high accelerometer by five times.

[0049] (4) The non-volatile ferroelectric memory FM25V10 is used to store the data measured by the sensor. The ferroelectric memory does not require a charge pump circuit to generate high voltage for data erasure and has a fast write speed, so there is no write delay. At the same time, the SPI interface is used to interact with the main control chip STM32L010F4 for data, ensuring the system's acquisition speed requirements.

[0050] (5) Two low-dropout linear regulators TPS70933 are used to power the microcontroller and the high acceleration sensor BM1001X respectively. The EN pin of the LDO chip that powers the high acceleration sensor BM1001X is enabled by the microcontroller. When a missile impact is detected, the LDO is enabled to power the high acceleration sensor. When the missile is idle, the LDO does not work to meet the low power consumption requirements of the system.

[0051] (6) The data communication part of the device can adopt RS422 serial port communication mode. The serial port is used for information exchange between the device and the host computer. The host computer can obtain the working status of the device through the serial port, and send instructions such as AD acquisition and system sleep to the device. It can also read the data stored in FRAM.

[0052] In this embodiment, the program flow of the two-level ballistic environment intelligent perception method for fuze arming is as follows:

[0053] Step 1: System initialization: Initialize the main control chip and various peripherals.

[0054] Step 2: Low accelerometer startup;

[0055] Step 3: Write the low accelerometer data to the memory: The main controller polls the low accelerometer value and stores the acceleration data into the memory.

[0056] Step 4: Determine whether to convert the accelerometer;

[0057] The judgment condition is: whether the low acceleration data collected within B milliseconds is continuously greater than Ag after low-pass filtering. In this embodiment, A is 10g and B is 70ms.

[0058] If the condition is met, go to step 5; if not, jump to step 9.

[0059] Step 5: Turn off the low accelerometer;

[0060] Step 6: Enable EN to turn on the voltage regulator that powers the high accelerometer.

[0061] Step 7: High accelerometer startup;

[0062] Step 8: Write the high acceleration data into the memory;

[0063] Step: 9: Determine whether the memory is full.

[0064] In actual design, a reasonable data writing duration should be selected according to the actual situation, so that the required perception duration matches the writing duration supported by the memory capacity. This duration can be adjusted by the memory capacity and writing speed.

[0065] Step 10: The system enters standby mode;

[0066] Step 11: Determine whether the low accelerometer interrupt signal pin INT is set high.

[0067] Set the judgment condition for high and low accelerometer switching in the program method to: low acceleration is greater than 10g for 70ms continuously. Figure 4 , the actual conversion time is 70ms.

[0068] After the actual range test, the data in the memory is read out through the serial port, and the data is as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0069] References: [1] He Bo, Yin Zhichen, Lou Wenzhong, et al. Intelligent perception system of weak ballistic environment for individual patrol missiles [J]. Journal of Detection and Control, 2021. [2] Wang Yabin, Guo Kaixin. Research on ballistic environment parameter storage and test system based on multi-sensor fusion [J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020.

Claims

1. A two-stage ballistic environment intelligent perception method for fuze arming, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1: System initialization: Initialize the main control chip and various peripherals; Step 2: Low accelerometer startup; Step 3: Write the low accelerometer data to the memory: The main controller polls the low accelerometer value and then stores the acceleration data in the external memory; Step 4: Determine whether to convert the accelerometer; The judgment condition is: whether the low acceleration data collected within B milliseconds is greater than Ag after low-pass filtering, The range of A is <50g, and the range of B is <200ms. The values ​​of A and B are adjusted according to the actual situation. If the conditions are met, proceed to step 5. If the conditions are not met, jump to step 9. Step 5: Turn off the low accelerometer; Step 6: Enable EN to turn on the voltage regulator that powers the high accelerometer. Step 7: High accelerometer startup; Step 8: Write the high acceleration data into the memory; Step: 9: Determine whether the memory is full; Step 10: The system enters standby mode; Step 11: Determine whether the accelerometer interrupt signal pin INT is set high; If the low accelerometer interrupt signal pin INT is set high, it means that the system is subjected to a certain amount of acceleration and jumps to step 2. Otherwise, it returns to step 10 and the system enters standby mode.

2. A device for implementing the two-stage ballistic environment intelligent perception method for fuze arming as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes controller part, power supply part, acceleration detection part, data storage and communication part; The controller part is an integrated microcontroller, which includes a central processing unit (CPU), internal memory and various peripherals; The power supply part is composed of a battery and two voltage regulators. The system is powered by a battery, and the battery energy is output by the two voltage regulators. The output of the first voltage regulator powers the microcontroller and the low accelerometer; the second voltage regulator powers the high accelerometer. At the same time, the enable pin EN of the second voltage regulator is connected to the main control chip through GPIO and is enabled by the main control. The acceleration detection part consists of two accelerometers, a high and a low accelerometer, an ADC peripheral, and a communication interface peripheral. When the high accelerometer detects acceleration, it outputs an analog signal, which is converted into a digital signal after passing through the ADC peripheral and output to the main control chip. When the low accelerometer detects acceleration, it outputs a digital signal, which is transmitted to the main control chip through a suitable communication interface. At the same time, the interrupt output pin INT of the low accelerometer is connected to the main control chip through GPIO. The data storage and communication part is composed of a memory, a communication interface and a host computer; the memory and the host computer exchange data with the controller through a suitable communication interface, and the data interaction is bidirectional. The controller stores the acceleration data detected by the acceleration detection part in the memory through the communication interface, and the controller can read the data in the memory through the communication interface at the same time; the host computer obtains the corresponding result by sending a response instruction or signal.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that The low-speed accelerometer is a low-range triaxial accelerometer with a force less than 100 g and is used to measure low accelerations.

4. A device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The high-speed accelerometer is a high-range accelerometer with a force less than 200,000 g and is used to measure high acceleration during missile impact.

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