An assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite damper

Abstract

The application provides an assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite damper, belonging to the technical field of dampers, which comprises a viscoelastic damping unit, a self-resetting friction damping unit and an intermediate connecting plate, the viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit are arranged on the two sides of the intermediate connecting plate; the viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit each comprise two fixed plates and one movable plate, the fixed plates are connected to the intermediate connecting plate, and the movable plate is arranged between the two fixed plates; a plurality of viscoelastic material blocks are arranged between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the viscoelastic damping unit, and a plurality of friction plates are arranged between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit; a plurality of SMA wires are further connected between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit, and the SMA wires are used for limiting the displacement of the movable plate along the length direction of the fixed plate; the application can avoid invalid wear of the self-resetting friction damping unit and damage of the viscoelastic damping unit, and effectively dissipate energy and damp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration reduction technology, specifically relating to an assembled, staged viscoelastic-friction composite vibration damper. Background Technology

[0002] Earthquakes are natural disasters that cause massive casualties and economic losses. In recent years, earthquakes have occurred frequently worldwide. According to incomplete statistics, earthquakes caused 1.7 million deaths and direct economic losses of US$410 billion and indirect economic losses exceeding US$1 trillion in the 20th century. my country, located between the Circum-Pacific Seismic Belt and the Eurasian Seismic Belt, experiences even more frequent earthquake activity. Windstorms are also natural disasters that can cause casualties and economic losses. The most direct impact of windstorms and earthquakes is the large-scale damage and collapse of infrastructure and buildings in affected areas, leading to casualties and property losses. Improving the earthquake and wind resistance of building structures and ensuring their safety is a key issue in reducing losses from windstorms and earthquakes. Traditionally, protection of building structures is achieved by increasing their stiffness, strength, and ductility, but this has drawbacks such as increasing building weight, lack of flexibility in application, and poor economic efficiency. With the development of technology, the current main approach is to install energy-dissipating devices in the main structure to dissipate energy input from the outside, thereby protecting the main structure. Developing and manufacturing high-performance energy-consuming devices has significant research and application value for improving building structural safety, and also has broad market demand and good application prospects.

[0003] Currently, common energy dissipation devices include viscoelastic dampers, friction dampers, viscous dampers, and metallic dampers. However, these devices also have various problems that limit their application. For example, friction dampers suffer from large residual displacement and cold bonding, while viscoelastic dampers are highly susceptible to temperature-dependent performance issues and are prone to material damage during large deformations. Furthermore, current single energy dissipation devices only offer one form of energy dissipation and can only dissipate energy in a single stage, making it difficult to achieve effective energy dissipation under earthquakes or wind-induced vibrations of varying intensities, thus failing to meet the vibration reduction requirements of structures in complex environments. Although viscoelastic-friction composite dampers exist, they cannot effectively achieve independent operation of the different dampers; they are typically used simultaneously, increasing damper wear. Moreover, there are no effective protective measures for viscoelastic dampers; under strong earthquakes and large shear forces, the viscoelastic material is easily torn, leading to the damage of the damper. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art and provide an assembled, staged viscoelastic-friction composite shock absorber with a simple structure. It can reduce vibration by working independently or by two shock absorbers working together, depending on the vibration intensity. It can effectively reduce vibration by consuming energy, extend the service life of the shock absorber, and effectively prevent damage to the viscoelastic shock absorber.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A prefabricated, staged viscoelastic-friction composite vibration damper includes a viscoelastic damping unit, a self-resetting friction damping unit, and an intermediate connecting plate. The viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit are respectively disposed on both sides of the intermediate connecting plate. Each viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit includes two fixed plates and one movable plate. The fixed plates are connected to the intermediate connecting plate, and the movable plate is disposed between the two fixed plates. Several viscoelastic material blocks are disposed between the fixed plates and the movable plate of the viscoelastic damping unit, and several friction plates are disposed between the fixed plates and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit. Several SMA wires are also connected between the fixed plates and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit. The SMA wires are used to limit the displacement of the movable plate along the length direction of the fixed plates within a set stress range.

[0007] Preferably, the viscoelastic damping unit has a first fixed plate as the fixed plate and a middle plate as the movable plate, with the right end of the first fixed plate connected to the middle connecting plate; the self-resetting friction damping unit has a second fixed plate as the fixed plate and a middle friction plate as the movable plate, with side plates on both the left and right ends of the upper surface of the second fixed plate, the side plates being perpendicular to the second fixed plate; the left side plate of the second fixed plate is connected to the middle connecting plate, and the right sides of the two second fixed plates are connected by a connector; the middle friction plate has connecting devices on its left and right sides, and SMA wires are provided on the connecting devices, with the left and right SMA wires respectively connected to the connector and the left side plate of the second fixed plate; the SMA wires are spaced apart from the second fixed plate and the middle friction plate; the right end of the middle plate and the left end of the middle friction plate are spaced apart from the middle connecting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting device on the left side of the intermediate friction plate is an ear plate located on the front and rear sides of the intermediate friction plate, and the connecting device on the right side is a connecting plate perpendicular to the intermediate friction plate. The connecting plate and the intermediate friction plate together form a cross shape.

[0009] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the right end of the intermediate plate are provided with limiting rods, and the first fixed plate is provided with a first sliding elongated hole that matches the limiting rods, and the limiting rods and the first sliding elongated hole are in clearance fit.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the first sliding elongated hole is provided with a matching annular pad, and the limiting rod is in clearance fit with the annular pad; the right end of the intermediate plate is provided with a side plate, and the side plate and the intermediate plate are T-shaped as a whole, and the limiting rod is set on the side plate.

[0011] Preferably, the middle plate has several first grooves on both its upper and lower sides, and the first fixing plate has several second grooves on the side opposite to the middle plate. The upper and lower surfaces of the viscoelastic material block are connected in the corresponding first and second grooves.

[0012] Preferably, the lower surface of the second fixed plate is opposite to the intermediate friction plate; the lower surface of the second fixed plate is provided with a plurality of third grooves, and the friction plate is engaged in the third grooves; the second fixed plate, the friction plate and the intermediate friction plate are bolted together by a second bolt, the intermediate friction plate is provided with a second sliding elongated hole that matches the second bolt, and the second sliding elongated hole of the second bolt is clearance fitted; a fixing nut is provided at the end of the second bolt, and a spring is also sleeved at the end of the second bolt, with the two ends of the spring connected to the fixing nut and the second fixed plate respectively; the upper and lower sides of the intermediate friction plate are provided with fourth grooves that are opposite to the third grooves, and the friction plate can slide along the long axis of the second sliding elongated hole in the fourth groove.

[0013] Preferably, the first fixing plate is an L-shaped plate, and its short plate is connected to the intermediate connecting plate by a number of first bolts. The intermediate connecting plate is provided with elongated bolt holes B that match the first bolts. The left side plate of the second fixing plate is also connected to the intermediate connecting plate by first bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the connector includes two connecting blocks, which are perpendicular to the second fixing plate and located on the front and rear sides of the second fixing plate, respectively. Each connecting block has a long bolt hole C at both ends. The connecting blocks and the second fixing plate are connected by a third bolt passing through the long bolt hole C at the same end of the two connecting blocks and the second fixing plate.

[0015] Preferably, the left end of the intermediate plate and the right end of the intermediate friction plate are provided with a plurality of bolt holes C.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] 1. The viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit are respectively located on both sides of the intermediate connecting plate. Several SMA wires are provided between the intermediate friction plate and the second fixed plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit. These SMA wires simultaneously tighten the front and rear sides of the intermediate friction plate, thus maintaining its position relative to the second fixed plate. Only when a large vibration occurs, causing the intermediate friction plate to stretch or contract the SMA wires, will the intermediate friction plate displace relative to the second fixed plate. Therefore, under small vibration conditions, the self-resetting friction damping unit and the intermediate connecting plate can be considered as a single unit. Small vibrations are primarily absorbed and damped by the viscoelastic damping unit (which is sufficient for small vibrations). This structure avoids the simultaneous energy absorption and damping of two damping units during small vibrations, reducing fatigue damage to the self-resetting friction damping unit. This allows it to more effectively absorb and dampen energy along with the viscoelastic damping unit during large vibrations, avoiding unnecessary losses during small vibrations and improving the overall lifespan and energy absorption and damping effect of the device.

[0018] 2. A limiting rod is provided at the right end of the intermediate plate. The limiting rod extends into the first sliding elongated hole of the first fixed plate, and the displacement of the intermediate plate is limited by the length of the first sliding elongated hole. This avoids the intermediate plate from tearing the viscoelastic material due to excessive displacement during large vibrations, thereby damaging the viscoelastic damping unit and improving the reliability of the device. An annular pad is provided on the inner wall of the first sliding elongated hole. On the one hand, it can reduce the impact between the limiting rod and the inner wall of the first sliding elongated hole, reducing the impact wear between the two. On the other hand, as the excitation displacement increases, the annular pad on the inner wall of the first sliding elongated hole and the limiting rod exert a squeezing effect, dissipating energy and further improving the energy dissipation and damping capacity of the viscoelastic damping unit.

[0019] 3. All components of this device can be manufactured in a standardized manner, allowing for rapid assembly and installation on the construction site. Furthermore, damaged components can be easily replaced during use to restore performance, saving resources. Overall, this device is easy to install and maintain.

[0020] 5. In this device, the self-resetting friction damping unit begins to play a major energy dissipation role during large earthquakes, and participates less or not at all in energy dissipation during small earthquakes. During large earthquakes, the viscoelastic material block, viscoelastic material pad, SMA wire, and friction plate all participate in energy dissipation, resulting in strong energy dissipation capacity and improving the overall damping capacity of the device. In addition, the SMA wire enables the self-resetting friction damping unit to have self-resetting capability.

[0021] 6. This device can adjust the stiffness and damping characteristics of the viscoelastic damping unit and the SMA self-resetting friction damping unit by adjusting the thickness of the viscoelastic material block, the tightness of the spring at the end of the second bolt, or the tension of the SMA wire, thereby adapting to the damping requirements of different building structures and increasing the applicability of the device.

[0022] 7. Different parts of the device participate in energy consumption in stages according to different excitation magnitudes, which can give full play to the energy consumption performance of viscoelastic materials, friction plates and friction plates, and avoid waste caused by insufficient utilization of material properties.

[0023] 8. This device can prevent the viscoelastic damper from tearing and failing during a major earthquake, and also prevents the friction damper from failing due to fatigue during a minor earthquake, exhibiting excellent fatigue resistance and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the intermediate plate;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first fixed plate;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the intermediate connecting plate;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate friction plate;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second fixing plate;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the connector.

[0031] Label name in the image:

[0032] 1-Viscoelastic damping unit, 2-Self-resetting friction damping unit, 3-Intermediate connecting plate, 4-First fixing plate, 5-Intermediate plate, 6-Viscoelastic material block, 7-Annular pad, 8-Limiting rod, 9-Friction pad, 10-Second fixing plate, 11-Intermediate friction plate, 12-Connector, 13-Connecting plate, 14-SMA wire, 15-Adjustable clamp, 16-First bolt, 17-Second bolt, 18-First groove, 19-Threaded hole A, 20-Second groove, 21-First sliding elongated hole, 22-Bolt hole A, 23-Ear plate, 24-Second sliding elongated hole, 25-Third bolt, 26-Third groove, 27-Threaded hole B, 28-Long bolt hole A, 29-Bolt hole B, 30-Long bolt hole B, 31-Long bolt hole C, 32-Anchoring hole, 33-Bolt hole C, 34-Fourth groove. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", and "back" used in the invention are only for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides an assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite damper, including a viscoelastic damping unit 1, an intermediate connecting plate 3, and a self-resetting friction damping unit 2, wherein the viscoelastic damping unit 1 and the self-resetting friction damping unit 2 are respectively disposed on both sides of the intermediate connecting plate 3.

[0036] The viscoelastic damping unit 1 includes: two first fixed plates 4, two viscoelastic material blocks 6, and an intermediate plate 5; the intermediate plate 5 is disposed between the two first fixed plates 4, and a viscoelastic material block 6 is disposed between the intermediate plate 4 and the first fixed plates 4 (it should be noted that the number of viscoelastic material blocks 6 can be increased according to actual needs).

[0037] The first fixing plate 4 is an L-shaped plate with a first sliding elongated hole 21 located near the middle of its long side. An annular pad 7 is embedded in the first sliding elongated hole 21, and the annular pad 7 fits against the inner wall of the first sliding elongated hole 21 and its shape matches the first sliding elongated hole 21. Several bolt holes A22 are provided on the short side of the first fixing plate 4 (the first bolt 16 passes through the bolt holes A22 to connect the first fixing plate 4 to the intermediate connecting plate 3). A second groove 20 is provided on the side of the first fixing plate 4 opposite to the intermediate plate 5.

[0038] Several bolt holes C33 are provided on the left end of the intermediate plate 5. The bolt holes C33 are provided to facilitate the connection of this device to the building structure by bolts. A first groove 18 is provided in the middle part of the upper and lower sides of the intermediate plate 5. A side plate is provided on the right end of the intermediate plate 5. The side plate and the intermediate plate 5 form a T shape as a whole. Threaded holes A19 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the side plate. The depth of the first groove 18 and the second groove 20 is 2~3mm.

[0039] The viscoelastic material block 6 and the annular pad 7 are made by high temperature and high pressure vulcanization process; the viscoelastic material block 6 is bonded and fixed in the opposite first groove 18 and second groove 20 by adhesive.

[0040] The limiting rod 8 is connected and fixed to the threaded hole A19 on the side plate of the intermediate plate 5 by threads. The limiting rod 8 extends into the first sliding elongated hole 21. The side wall of the limiting rod 8 is 5~8mm away from the side edge of the annular pad 7 in both length directions. The radius of the limiting rod 8 is 2~3mm smaller than the arc radius at both ends of the annular pad 7.

[0041] Several elongated bolt holes B30 are provided on both sides of the intermediate connecting plate 3. The long axis of the elongated bolt holes B30 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the first bolts 16 in the same row (that is, perpendicular to the first fixing plate 4). This can avoid axial deviation of the first fixing plate 4 and the second fixing plate 10 of the viscoelastic damping unit 1 and the self-resetting friction damping unit 2 during installation due to the adjustment of the thickness of the viscoelastic material block 6 and the friction plate 9, or due to their dimensional errors. This can easily lead to breakage, bending and other damage during operation. The first bolts 16 pass through the short plate of the first fixing plate 4, the intermediate connecting plate 3 and the left side plate of the second fixing plate 10 from left to right, connecting the three together.

[0042] The self-resetting friction damping unit 2 includes: two friction plates 9, two second fixed plates 10, a middle friction plate 11, a connector 12, and several SMA wires 14 (shape memory alloy wires). The middle friction plate 11 is disposed between the two second fixed plates 10, and a friction plate 9 is disposed between the middle friction plate 11 and the second fixed plate 10 (the number of friction plates 9 can be increased according to actual needs).

[0043] The upper surface of the second fixing plate 10 has side plates at both ends, perpendicular to the second fixing plate 10. The side plates and the second fixing plate 10 are in the shape of "[". For simplicity, the left side plate and right side plate in the following description refer to the left side plate and the right side plate of the second fixing plate 10, respectively. The left side plate is provided with a long bolt hole A28 to fix it to the middle connecting plate 3 (the first bolt 16 passes through bolt hole A22, long bolt hole B30 and long bolt hole A28 from left to right). The long bolt hole A28 is provided to fix the second fixing plate 10 in the vertical direction. The positions are adjusted to ensure that the viscoelastic damping unit and the self-resetting friction damping unit have the same geometric axis when they are working, and the whole device is an axially stressed component; it should be noted that the bolt hole A22 on the short side of the first fixing plate 4 can also be set as a long bolt hole, which has the same function as the long bolt hole A28. Long bolt holes can be set on either the first fixing plate 4 or the second fixing plate 10, or both can be set with long bolt holes; several anchoring holes 32 are also provided on the left side plate for installing anchoring SMA wires 14; threaded holes B27 are provided on the front and rear sides of the right side plate;

[0044] The connector 12 has elongated bolt holes 31 at both ends for fixing to the threaded holes 27 at the ends of the two second fixing plates 10. The connector 12 includes two connecting blocks, which are perpendicular to the second fixing plates 10 and located on the front and rear sides of the second fixing plates 10 respectively. Each connecting block has elongated bolt holes C31 at both ends. A third bolt 25 is threaded through the elongated bolt holes C31 at the same end (upper or lower end) of the two connecting blocks and threaded to the threaded hole B27, thereby connecting the connecting blocks and the second fixing plates 10 together. The right side plates of the two second fixing plates 10 are connected together through the connector 12. The connecting blocks have anchoring holes 32 for installing anchoring SMA wires 14.

[0045] The portion of the two connecting blocks located between the second fixed plate 10 can be provided with grooves or protrusions, so that the distance between the two connecting blocks is slightly greater than the width of the intermediate friction plate 11, thereby limiting the displacement of the intermediate friction plate 11 along the width direction of the second fixed plate 10.

[0046] It should be noted that providing a threaded hole B27 on the right side plate is the preferred solution in this embodiment. Alternatively, a through hole penetrating the front and rear sides of the right side plate can be directly provided, with the third bolt 25 penetrating the elongated bolt hole C31 and the through hole, and the two connecting blocks and the second fixing plate 10 connected together with the fixing nut. Connecting the connector 12 to the right side plate is also a preferred solution in this embodiment. In practice, it is sufficient to connect the connector 12 to the right side of the second fixing plate 10 (or the right side of the ear plate 23), so that an SMA wire 14 can be pulled between the connector 12 and the ear plate 23.

[0047] It should be noted that the connection 12 is set as two connecting blocks, which is only a preferred solution in this embodiment. The connection 12 can also be other structures, such as a rectangular frame, which is fitted on the outside of the two second fixing plates 10. The front and back sides of the rectangular frame are bolted to the front and back sides of the two fixing plates 10 (or the upper and lower sides of the rectangular frame are bolted to the upper and lower sides of the two second fixing plates 10).

[0048] Bolt holes B29 (through holes) are provided in the middle of the upper and lower surfaces of the second fixing plate 10 for installing the second bolt 17. A third groove 26 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the second fixing plate 10 for installing the friction plate 9. The bolt holes B29 extend through the middle of the third groove 26. Preferably, a fourth groove 34 is provided on the surface of the intermediate friction plate 11 opposite to the third groove 26. Figure 5 (As shown in the image), the width of the fourth groove 34 is slightly wider than the width of the friction plate 9, which restricts the displacement of the intermediate friction plate 11 along the width direction of the second fixed plate 10. The length of the fourth groove 34 is longer than the length of the friction plate 9, so that the friction plate 9 and the intermediate friction plate 11 can slide relative to each other.

[0049] Ear plates 23 are provided on the front and rear sides of the left end of the intermediate friction plate 11. Anchoring holes 32 are provided on the ear plates for installing the anchoring SMA wire 14. A second sliding elongated hole 24 is provided in the middle part of the intermediate friction plate 11 to facilitate the sliding of the second bolt 17, thereby enabling the intermediate friction plate 11 to move laterally left and right. The first sliding elongated hole 21 and the second sliding elongated hole 24 are both rounded rectangular through holes.

[0050] Several bolt holes C33 are provided on the right end of the intermediate friction plate 11 for connection with the building structure; a connecting plate 13 is provided on the right side of the intermediate friction plate 11 near the bolt holes C33, and the connecting plate 13 is welded to the intermediate friction plate 11. The connecting plate 13 and the intermediate friction plate 11 are in a cross shape; several anchoring holes 32 are provided above and below the connecting plate 13, which cooperate with the anchoring holes 32 on the left side plate of the second fixing plate 10 for installing the anchoring SMA wire 14.

[0051] A through hole is provided in the middle of the friction plate 9. The second bolt 17 passes through the bolt hole B29 of the upper second fixing plate 10, the through hole of the upper friction plate 9, the second sliding elongated hole 24 of the middle friction plate 11, the through hole of the lower friction plate, and the bolt hole B29 of the lower second fixing plate 10 in sequence. With the help of the fixing nut, the two second fixing plates 10, the two friction plates 9 and the middle friction plate 11 are fixed together and a preload is applied. The diameter of the second bolt 17 is 2-3 mm smaller than the width of the second sliding elongated hole 24 on the middle friction plate 11. A fixing nut is provided at the end of the second bolt 17, and a spring is also sleeved at the end of the second bolt 17. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the fixing nut and the second fixing plate 10. The tension of the spring can be adjusted by the fixing nut, thereby adjusting the preload on the friction plate 9 (the tighter the spring, the greater the preload). This adjusts the overall stiffness and damping of the self-resetting friction damping unit 2 to adapt to different usage scenarios and improve the applicability of the device.

[0052] The SMA wires 14 are divided into two groups. The left end of one group of SMA wires 14 is anchored to the anchoring hole 32 on the left side plate, and the right end is fixed to the anchoring hole 32 on the connecting plate 13 using an adjustable clamp 15. The left end of the other group of SMA wires 14 is anchored to the anchoring hole 32 on the ear plate 23, and the right end is fixed to the anchoring hole 32 on the connector 12 using an adjustable clamp 15. The two groups of SMA wires 14 provide opposite tension forces to the front and rear sides of the intermediate friction plate 11 along the length direction of the second fixed plate 10, thereby limiting the displacement of the intermediate friction plate 11 along the length direction of the second fixed plate 10 within a set stress range. The set stress range is determined according to the specifications of the SMA wires 14 themselves, and the specific stress range is no greater than the maximum stress that the SMA wires 14 can withstand before deformation. In addition, the SMA wires 14 also provide restoring force and damping force during deformation, which on the one hand consumes energy and reduces vibration, and on the other hand enables the self-resetting friction damping unit to achieve self-resetting.

[0053] The adjustable clamp 15 has a screw at one end and a cylinder with external threads at the other end. A channel with a diameter 0.5-1mm larger than the diameter of the SMA wire 14 is set at the axial position of the cylinder. A hole with a diameter of 3-5mm is set at the side of the cylinder perpendicular to the channel. The SMA wire 14 passes through the channel into the cylinder and extends out of the hole, wraps around the plug rod and is inserted into the hole. The diameter of the plug rod is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hole. A nut is screwed into the outside of the cylinder to press the plug rod. The screw is threaded into the anchoring hole 32 on the connecting plate 13 or the connecting piece 12. The initial length of the SMA wire 14 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the screw (that is, adjusting the depth of the screw into the anchoring hole 32), thereby adjusting the preload of the SMA wire 14, and thus adjusting the recovery capability and energy dissipation capability of the self-resetting friction damping unit 2.

[0054] It should be noted that the ear plate 23 and the connecting plate 13 are equivalent to connecting devices for connecting SMA wires 14. However, this is only a preferred embodiment. Other structures can be used for the connecting device. For example, the ear plate 23 can be replaced with a side plate perpendicular to the middle friction plate 11. The side plate and the middle friction plate 11 are T-shaped as a whole, and the side plate extends out of the front and rear sides of the middle friction plate 11. The connecting plate 13 can be replaced with two connecting posts arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides. The connecting posts are mirrored on the upper and lower sides of the middle friction plate 11. This structure can also be used as a connecting device to connect SMA wires.

[0055] The intermediate friction plate of the SMA self-resetting friction damping unit 2 can be made of Q235 steel, the friction plate 9 can be made of brass to increase friction and wear resistance, and the SMA wire 14 can be made of NiTi-based shape memory alloy wire.

[0056] The shock absorber allows for the replacement of easily worn components such as the viscoelastic material block 6, friction plate 9, intermediate friction plate 11, and SMA wire 14, facilitating the restoration of its function after an earthquake.

[0057] The working principle of the assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite shock absorber provided by this invention is as follows:

[0058] The left end of the intermediate plate 5 and the right end of the intermediate friction plate 11 of the device are respectively connected to the building structure. Under the action of earthquake or wind load, the structural connection parts undergo relative deformation, which causes the energy-consuming components and energy-consuming materials in the device to move and deform, dissipating energy.

[0059] When the excitation displacement is small, the viscoelastic material block 6 in the viscoelastic damping unit 1 undergoes shear deformation and consumes energy. When the excitation displacement increases further, the limiting rod 8 on the intermediate plate 5 of the viscoelastic damping unit 1 contacts and squeezes the annular pad 7. The viscoelastic material block 6 and the annular pad 7 consume energy together. When the excitation displacement increases further, the limiting rod 8 restricts the deformation of the viscoelastic material block 6. At this time, the friction plate 9 and the intermediate friction plate 11 in the self-resetting friction damping unit 2 begin to slide relative to each other, generating frictional energy consumption. At the same time, the SMA wire 14 undergoes tensile deformation and participates in energy consumption.

[0060] The installation method of this device with the building structure can be either A-frame support or diagonal bracing, depending on the needs.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fabricated staged viscoelastic-friction hybrid damper, characterized by: The application relates to a composite damping unit, which comprises a viscoelastic damping unit (1), a self-resetting friction damping unit (2) and an intermediate connecting plate (3), wherein the viscoelastic damping unit (1) and the self-resetting friction damping unit (2) are arranged on the two sides of the intermediate connecting plate (3) respectively; the viscoelastic damping unit (1) and the self-resetting friction damping unit (2) each comprise two fixed plates and one movable plate, the fixed plates are connected to the intermediate connecting plate (3), and the movable plate is arranged between the two fixed plates; a plurality of viscoelastic material blocks (6) are arranged between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the viscoelastic damping unit (1), and a plurality of friction plates (9) are arranged between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit (2); a plurality of SMA wires (14) are further connected between the fixed plate and the movable plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit (2), and the SMA wires (14) are used for limiting the length direction displacement of the movable plate along the fixed plate within a set stress range. The fixed plate of the viscoelastic damping unit (1) is a first fixed plate (4), the movable plate is an intermediate plate (5), and the right end of the first fixed plate (4) is connected to the intermediate connecting plate (3); the fixed plate of the self-resetting friction damping unit (2) is a second fixed plate (10), the movable plate is an intermediate friction plate (11), the upper surface of the second fixed plate (10) is provided with side plates at the left and right ends, and the side plates are perpendicular to the second fixed plate (10); the left end side plate of the second fixed plate (10) is connected to the intermediate connecting plate (3), and the right sides of the two second fixed plates (10) are connected through a connecting piece (12); the left side and the right side of the intermediate friction plate (11) are respectively provided with connecting devices, the connecting devices are provided with SMA wires (14), the other end of the SMA wire (14) on the connecting device of the left side of the intermediate friction plate (11) is connected to the connecting piece (12), and the other end of the SMA wire (14) on the connecting device of the right side of the intermediate friction plate (11) is connected to the left end side plate of the second fixed plate (10); the SMA wires (14) are arranged in a spaced mode with the second fixed plate (10) and the intermediate friction plate (11); and the right end of the intermediate plate (5) and the left end of the intermediate friction plate (11) are arranged in a spaced mode with the intermediate connecting plate (3).

2. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite damper according to claim 1, wherein: The connecting device on the left side of the intermediate friction plate (11) is an ear plate (23) arranged on the front and back sides of the intermediate friction plate (11), and the connecting device on the right side is a connecting plate (13) perpendicular to the intermediate friction plate (11), and the connecting plate (13) and the intermediate friction plate (11) integrally form a cross shape.

3. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction composite damper according to claim 1, wherein: The upper and lower sides of the right end of the intermediate plate (5) are provided with limiting rods (8), the first fixed plate (4) is provided with a first sliding long hole (21) matched with the limiting rods (8), and the limiting rods (8) and the first sliding long hole (21) are in clearance fit.

4. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 3, wherein: The inner wall of the first sliding long hole (21) is provided with an annular pad (7) matched with the first sliding long hole (21), and the limiting rods (8) and the annular pad (7) are in clearance fit; the right end of the intermediate plate (5) is provided with a side plate, the side plate and the intermediate plate (5) integrally form a T-shaped structure, and the limiting rods (8) are arranged on the side plate.

5. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 1, wherein: The intermediate plate (5) is provided with a plurality of first grooves (18) on its upper and lower sides, and the first fixed plate (4) is provided with a plurality of second grooves (20) on the side opposite to the intermediate plate (5), and the upper and lower surfaces of the viscoelastic material block (6) are connected in the opposite first grooves (18) and second grooves (20).

6. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 1, wherein: The lower surface of the second fixed plate (10) is opposite to the intermediate friction plate (11); the lower surface of the second fixed plate (10) is provided with a plurality of third grooves (26), and the friction plate (9) is clamped in the third grooves (26); the second fixed plate (10), the friction plate (9) and the intermediate friction plate (11) are bolted through the second bolts (17), the intermediate friction plate (11) is provided with a second sliding long hole (24) matched with the second bolts (17), and the second bolts (17) and the second sliding long hole (24) are in clearance fit; the end of the second bolt (17) is provided with a fixed nut, and the end of the second bolt (17) is further sleeved with a spring, and the two ends of the spring are connected to the fixed nut and the second fixed plate (10) respectively; the upper and lower sides of the intermediate friction plate (11) are provided with fourth grooves (34) opposite to the third grooves (26), and the friction plate (9) can slide in the fourth grooves (34) along the long axis direction of the second sliding long hole (24).

7. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 1, wherein: The first fixed plate (4) is an L-shaped plate, and the short plate is connected to the intermediate connecting plate (3) through a plurality of first bolts (16), and the intermediate connecting plate (3) is provided with a long strip bolt hole B (30) matched with the first bolts (16); the left end side plate of the second fixed plate (10) is also connected to the intermediate connecting plate (3) through the first bolts (16).

8. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 1, wherein: The connecting piece (12) includes two connecting blocks which are perpendicular to the second fixed plate (10) and are located on the front and rear sides of the second fixed plate (10) respectively, and each connecting block is provided with a long strip bolt hole C (31) at both ends, and the long strip bolt hole C (31) and the second fixed plate (10) at the same end of the two connecting blocks are penetrated by the third bolts (25), so as to connect the connecting block and the second fixed plate (10).

9. The assembled staged viscoelastic-friction compound damper according to claim 1, wherein: The left end of the intermediate plate (5) and the right end of the intermediate friction plate (11) are provided with a plurality of bolt holes C (33).

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