Assembly of diffuser and gas generator, airbag module and method for assembling the assembly

Abstract

An assembly (20) composed of an elongate gas generator (10) and a clasp-shaped diffuser (22), the gas generator having an outer housing (14) with outflow openings (18) distributed in the peripheral direction (U), which define an outflow area (16) and an outflow direction, the diffuser (22) surrounding the outflow area (16), in which assembly the diffuser (22) has a central receiving opening (24) into which the outer housing (14) projects, so that the diffuser (22) surrounds an axial section of the outer housing (14) including the outflow area (16) in the peripheral sense. At least one abutment face (34) and at least one gas guide face (30) are provided on the inner side of the diffuser (22) which defines the receiving opening (24), wherein the abutment face (34) directly abuts the outer housing (14) of the gas generator (10) and the gas guide face (30) is spaced apart from the outer housing (14) in the radial direction to form at least one collection chamber (32) into which the gas flowing out of the outflow area (16) flows. The collection chamber (32) opens into at least one outlet opening (36) through which the gas exits the diffuser (22) in an outlet direction (RD) transverse to the outflow direction from the gas generator (10).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 201980065728.3, filed on September 10, 2019, entitled "Component consisting of a diffuser and a gas generator, airbag module and method for assembling the component".

[0002] This invention relates to an assembly comprising an elongated gas generator and a clamp-shaped diffuser that surrounds the outlet region of the gas generator. Furthermore, this invention relates to an airbag module having such an assembly and a method for assembling such an assembly.

[0003] In elongated gas generators, also known as tubular gas generators, the outflow area typically consists of multiple outflow openings distributed circumferentially around the outer casing of the gas generator. These outflow openings are usually located within a filter housing at the axial end of the gas generator. Gas thus flows out of the gas generator radially. To maintain thrust balance (schubneutral) during startup, the outflow openings are typically evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0004] In many airbag modules, the gas generator is arranged such that its outflow area is located within the inflatable volume of the airbag. This design is used, for example, in curtain-style side airbags or side airbags integrated into the back of vehicle seats.

[0005] It is essential to protect the airbag from the airflow escaping from the gas generator. For this purpose, it is known, for example, that a special fabric layer is provided that surrounds the outflow area of ​​the gas generator in the circumferential direction, and that this fabric layer both protects the airbag fabric and redirects the airflow in the axial direction. This axially oriented outflow has the advantage of allowing for better gas distribution within the airbag.

[0006] Furthermore, it is known that a so-called gas nozzle (Gaslanze) is provided, which has a pipe section open at both ends as its main component and is axially mounted on the gas generator so that the outflowing gas is diverted over a distance of several decimeters to the airbag located away from the gas generator. Therefore, although an airflow directed towards the airbag can be generated, it is not possible to arrange the outflow area of ​​the gas generator directly in the airbag, which inevitably increases the size of the airbag module.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to create a possibility for guiding gas flowing from a gas generator into an airbag with a small structural size, good adaptability to different geometries, and at a low manufacturing cost.

[0008] This objective is achieved by a component according to the invention. The component comprises an elongated gas generator and a clamp-shaped diffuser. The gas generator has a housing with circumferentially distributed outflow openings defining an outflow area and an outflow direction. The diffuser surrounds the outflow area and has a central receiving opening into which the housing of the gas generator extends, such that the diffuser circumferentially surrounds an axial segment of the housing including the outflow area. At least one abutting surface and at least one gas guiding surface are provided on the inner surface of the diffuser defining the receiving opening. The abutting surface directly abuts the housing, and the gas guiding surface is radially spaced from the housing to form at least one collecting chamber into which gas flowing from the outflow area flows. The collecting chamber opens to at least one outlet opening through which gas exits the diffuser in an outlet direction transverse to the outflow direction from the gas generator.

[0009] The diffuser simultaneously directs the gas exiting the gas generator in one or more desired directions and protects the surrounding environment from direct contact with the exiting gas. Because the diffuser directly surrounds the exit area of ​​the gas generator, it can be manufactured in a smaller size.

[0010] A diffuser can be simply designed so that substantially all the gas flowing out of the gas generator flows into one or more collection chambers.

[0011] The diffuser is preferably a formed sheet-like metal ring. The diffuser can be implemented, for example, as a stamped-bent piece. This manufacturing method allows the diffuser to be designed in a simple manner for different gas generator geometries and airbag geometries, and to be adapted, for example, to the axial length of the gas generator's outlet region or the diameter of the gas generator; and the desired number, orientation, position, and / or direction of the outlet openings can be predetermined. Alternatively, the diffuser can be made of tubular elements, particularly steel tubing.

[0012] To minimize the required structural space, the diffuser should be designed to be short in the axial direction, so that its maximum length does not significantly extend beyond the axial end of the gas generator, and thus the axial length of the component essentially corresponds to the axial length of the gas generator.

[0013] The diffuser can extend entirely over the outflow area of ​​the gas generator in the axial direction, so all the outflowing gas first enters the diffuser.

[0014] Throughout this application, the terms "axial length" or "axial direction" are used with reference to the longitudinal axis of the gas generator.

[0015] The outlet direction of the diffuser is preferably axially extended relative to the longitudinal axis of the gas generator, i.e., parallel to the longitudinal axis of the gas generator. The gas flowing out of the outlet region of the gas generator is here particularly laterally deflected by approximately 90° relative to its outlet direction.

[0016] Preferably, at least two oppositely oriented outlet openings are provided. In this case, the gas exits the diffuser in two opposite, yet axially oriented directions. This allows for a more rapid distribution of gas within the airbag in a lighter manner and can hold the gas generator substantially or even completely thrust-balanced.

[0017] The volume of the collection chamber and the area of ​​the outlet opening are selected such that generally no excessive overpressure is formed in the diffuser for the gas escaping from the outflow area.

[0018] The two outlet openings can be opposite to each other along the axial direction. The areas of the two outlet openings can be chosen to be the same size or different sizes. The choice of the number, area, and location of the outlet openings is usually determined by those skilled in the art.

[0019] Depending on the geometry of the airbag to be filled, for example, two outlet openings pointing in opposite directions may also be provided, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.

[0020] The outlet opening can be implemented in the diffuser in a simple manner, such that the gas guiding surface is radially further outward adjacent to the outlet opening than in the at least one designated collection chamber farther from the outlet opening. Viewed differently, the collection chamber expands radially as it transitions to the outlet opening, such that the outlet opening occupies a larger area than the collection chamber, particularly in the radial cross-section, and gas can flow out of the diffuser without increased resistance.

[0021] In the region of the outlet opening, the gas guiding surface and the contact surface may, for example, be radially spaced from the outer periphery of the gas generator, such that the entire diffuser forms a continuous opening in the axial direction, which is open at both ends, wherein these two open ends define the outlet opening.

[0022] Multiple collection chambers can typically be defined in the axial and / or circumferential directions by means of (multiple) abutment surfaces, wherein the orientation of the abutment surfaces can be appropriately selected to achieve any geometry of one or more collection chambers. No additional guiding elements for the outflowing gas are required. The abutment surfaces can, in principle, be completely spaced apart from each other or can be partially interposed.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the diffuser is designed to include at least one collection chamber that extends discontinuously in the circumferential direction and has at least one outlet opening at both of its circumferential ends. The collection chamber may extend, for example, over an angular segment of approximately 200° to 350°, and particularly over an angular segment of 220° to 270°.

[0024] It may be provided that there are two or more collection chambers separated from each other in the circumferential direction, each of which leads to at least one outlet opening. It is also conceivable that multiple collection chambers are assigned to a single outlet opening.

[0025] In another possible implementation, a collection chamber is provided, which opens into an outlet at its axial end. In this case, the gas does not necessarily need to be guided first in the circumferential direction, but can be directly diverted in the axial direction by a gas guiding surface.

[0026] The outlet opening can be formed, for example, by a radial gap between the housing and the inner surface of the diffuser, which simplifies the manufacture of the diffuser. In this embodiment, the radial extension dimension of the diffuser can be defined as the radial distance between the gas guide surface and the outer wall of the gas generator. In particular, the outlet opening between the inner surface of the gas guide surface and the outer contour of the gas generator can be formed by an axially open slot.

[0027] The two embodiments just described can naturally be combined such that the diffuser has at least one collection chamber with an outlet opening in the circumferential direction and at least one collection chamber with an outlet opening in the axial direction.

[0028] The at least one contact surface can be used to divide the gas flow escaping from the generator into at least two sub-flows. The orientation of the contact surface allows for a simple determination of the number of outflow openings of the gas generator below the gas guide surface. The number of these outflow openings, in turn, determines the proportion of the total fill gas entering the respective sub-flows and being guided to one of the outlet openings via the corresponding gas guide surfaces. Preferably, the individual sub-flows are guided into different collection chambers and from there to different outlet openings.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the contact surface extends around the housing only in the circumferential direction.

[0030] In another possible implementation, the contact surface extends spirally around the outer casing.

[0031] A particularly easy-to-form shape for the contact surface (by which sub-flows of gas with different amounts of gas can be generated) is proposed: The contact surface, surrounding the entire circumference of the gas generator, comprises two first segments extending only in the circumferential direction and two second segments extending obliquely relative to the circumferential direction and relative to the axial direction, wherein the second segments connect the first segments. The contact surface preferably separates two collection chambers that are axially separated, each having at least one of its own outlet openings. The selection of the length and inclination of the second segments extending obliquely relative to the axial direction determines the number of outlet openings providing gas to the respective sub-flows.

[0032] In another embodiment, a plurality of outlet openings may be arranged in a circumferential manner. The outlet openings are preferably separated by partitions that at least partially form the contact surface of the diffuser defining the collection chamber in the axial direction. Such outlet openings, arranged in a circumferential manner (interrupting the contact surface in a circumferential manner), are particularly located on the front side of the diffuser and are therefore arranged toward the longitudinal end of the gas generator in the assembled state of the diffuser.

[0033] The diffuser of the assembly may include at least one engaging element for mounting and securing to the gas generator. In this embodiment, the diffuser preferably includes two or more engaging elements. The engaging elements are designed to engage in recesses to fasten and secure the diffuser to the gas generator. The diffuser is secured to the gas generator by a form-fit connection via a locking mechanism. The diffuser can be easily secured to the gas generator using engaging elements. However, it is also possible for the diffuser to be additionally secured to the gas generator by compression or welding.

[0034] In one embodiment, the engaging element is arranged to connect with the abutting surface of the diffuser. Such a diffuser having one or more engaging elements is preferably made of spring steel, especially isothermally hardened spring steel.

[0035] The outflow area is usually located at the axial end of the gas generator, so the diffuser is also located at the axial end of the gas generator.

[0036] In one embodiment of the component, the outlet region of the gas generator may be divided into at least two zones, which are separated from each other by a partition region of the housing without outlet openings, wherein the zone with outlet openings is preferably designed as an axial zone having outlet openings distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0037] In a typical implementation, in the assembly, the contact surface of the diffuser is positioned in a dividing region between the zones. The contact surface positioned in the dividing region separates the gas escaping from the two zones into two separate sub-flows. The diffuser preferably has two collection chambers arranged adjacent to the contact surface positioned in the dividing region, and each collection chamber collects the gas escaping from one of the two zones.

[0038] In this embodiment, the collection chamber located at the rear in the axial direction has, for example, an outlet opening formed by an open section in the rearward-facing sidewall of the diffuser. Sub-gas streams can escape from this collection chamber in an outlet direction away from the longitudinal end of the gas generator.

[0039] In this embodiment, the collection chamber located at the front in the axial direction has, for example, an outlet opening that surrounds the circumferential direction in the form of a radial gap. Sub-flows can escape from this collection chamber in the opposite direction to the sub-flows escaping from the collection chamber at the rear.

[0040] The outflow area of ​​the gas generator can have a symmetrical distribution of outflow openings. Thus, the assembly can be designed to be thrust-balanced relative to the gas flowing out of the gas generator, such that 50% of the gas escapes through the outlet opening of the collection chamber located at the front in the axial direction and the outlet opening of the collection chamber located at the rear in the axial direction, respectively.

[0041] Alternatively, the outflow area of ​​the gas generator can also have an asymmetrical distribution of outflow openings, thereby creating a non-uniform distribution of airflow. This percentage non-uniform distribution of airflow can, for example, achieve substantially uniform filling of airbag chambers of different sizes arranged on the front and rear sides.

[0042] The main advantage of this component is that the diffuser can be designed as a standard component, and the adaptation of the gas percentage distribution can be achieved in a simple way by adapting the number of outflow openings in the outflow area of ​​the gas generator to the corresponding area.

[0043] The aforementioned objective is also achieved by an airbag module having an airbag and the aforementioned components, wherein the diffuser is fully arranged within the inflatable internal volume of the airbag.

[0044] In this case, it is not necessary to completely seal the surface against the outer surface of the gas generator, because any potential leaks can escape within the airbag and therefore will not enter the surrounding environment. This eliminates the need for costly sealing, further reducing production costs.

[0045] To assemble the aforementioned components, a method with the following steps is proposed: A one-piece diffuser blank is manufactured from a sheet metal using a stamping-bending method, wherein all contact surfaces and all gas guiding surfaces are pre-formed. The diffuser blank is bent around the outflow region of the gas generator, wherein the diffuser blank takes on the final shape of the diffuser. Finally, the diffuser blank is partially secured to itself to close the diffuser blank in a circumferential sense, wherein the diffuser acquires its clamping shape.

[0046] Preferably, the diffuser blank is pre-tightened in the last step and then welded to itself. For this purpose, laser welding methods can be used, for example.

[0047] Advantageously, the diffuser blank is fixed in the area where the edge sections overlap each other.

[0048] Alternatively, a method comprising the following steps can be proposed for assembling the aforementioned components: A one-piece diffuser is manufactured from a tubular element or sheet metal, wherein all contact surfaces and all gas guiding surfaces are pre-formed. The pre-formed diffuser is pushed onto the outlet region of the gas generator. To secure the diffuser to the gas generator, the contact surfaces of the diffuser are plastically deformed in the region of the recess in the gas generator, such that the contact surfaces are at least partially or partially engaged circumferentially into the recess and a form-fit connection is created. Preferably, the plastic deformation of the contact surfaces in the region of the recess can be achieved using an extrusion tool.

[0049] In another alternative approach, the following steps can be proposed for assembling the component. A one-piece diffuser is manufactured from a closed tubular element or sheet metal, wherein all contact surfaces, all gas guide surfaces, and all engaging elements are pre-formed. The diffuser is pushed onto the outflow area of ​​the gas generator, such that the engaging elements at least partially engage with the grooves of the gas generator circumferentially, creating a form-fitting lock. During the pushing of the diffuser, the contact surfaces bend radially outward by means of the engaging elements connected thereto. Upon reaching the groove of the gas generator, the engaging elements snap into the groove, enabling a form-fitting lock / lock of the diffuser on the gas generator.

[0050] In addition to clamping and / or pressing, it is not necessary and therefore generally not provided, but it is still possible to directly fasten the diffuser to the outer wall of the gas generator.

[0051] With this manufacturing method, the diffuser according to the invention can be used regardless of the outer contour of the gas generator along its longitudinal axis.

[0052] Steel plates or steel pipes are preferred as materials. Spring steel, especially isothermally hardened spring steel, can also be used, particularly in diffusers with engaging elements.

[0053] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to several embodiments and the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0054] - Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of the longitudinal end of a gas generator according to the present invention is shown;

[0055] - Figure 2 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, is shown according to a first embodiment.

[0056] - Figure 3 Previous view showed Figure 2 The diffuser;

[0057] - Figure 4 A longitudinal section view shows the... Figure 2 The components of the airbag module according to the present invention;

[0058] - Figure 5 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, is shown according to a second embodiment.

[0059] - Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A schematic perspective view of the diffuser;

[0060] - Figure 7 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, according to a third embodiment, is shown.

[0061] - Figure 8 The rear side view shows Figure 7 The diffuser;

[0062] - Figure 9 A schematic perspective view of the longitudinal end of a gas generator according to the present invention is shown;

[0063] - Figure 10 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, according to a fourth embodiment, is shown.

[0064] - Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 A schematic longitudinal section view of the components;

[0065] - Figure 12 a) to Figure 12c) A schematic view showing different embodiments of the longitudinal end of a gas generator according to the components of the present invention;

[0066] - Figure 13 a) to Figure 13 c) A partially cutaway view of the gas generator and diffuser according to the fifth embodiment, based on the invention components, is shown;

[0067] - Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 A schematic perspective view of the diffuser;

[0068] - Figure 15 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, according to a sixth embodiment, is shown.

[0069] - Figure 16 A schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention, comprising a gas generator and a diffuser, is shown according to a seventh embodiment.

[0070] - Figure 17 a) and Figure 17 b) The rear view and front view, presented in perspective, show the following according to a) rear view and b) front view. Figure 16 An enlarged partial view of the front longitudinal end of the gas generator and the diffuser;

[0071] - Figure 18 Shown in perspective front view Figure 16 The diffuser;

[0072] - Figure 19 It shows Figure 16 The first schematic longitudinal section of the component;

[0073] - Figure 20 The assembly process of the diffuser is shown. Figure 16 The second schematic longitudinal section of the component; and

[0074] - Figure 21 This shows the process after the diffuser assembly is complete. Figure 16 The second schematic longitudinal section of the component.

[0075] Figure 1 An elongated gas generator 10 is shown, which has an outlet region 16 at the longitudinal end 12 of its housing 14, the outlet region having a plurality of individual outlet openings 18 distributed circumferentially. The outlet openings 18 are formed in this case within a filter housing of the gas generator 10, which is part of the outer housing 14 of the gas generator 10.

[0076] The outflow openings 18 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction U. There are no outflow openings 18 on the cap of the closed longitudinal end 12. If the gas generator 10 is activated, all the gas generated flows out through the outflow openings 18 of the outflow region 16 in the outflow direction RGG extending in the radial direction r.

[0077] exist Figure 2 In the first embodiment of the component 20 shown, the outflow region 16 of the gas generator 10 is surrounded by a clamp-shaped diffuser 22 in the circumferential direction U.

[0078] The diffuser 22 has a central receiving opening 24 (see...) Figure 3 The outer housing 14 of the gas generator 10 extends into and through the receiving opening, as shown. In this embodiment, the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10 (more precisely, the cap of the longitudinal end without an outflow opening) extends slightly beyond the diffuser 22 in the axial direction A (along the longitudinal axis of the gas generator 10). This can also be... Figure 4 This can be seen from the text.

[0079] Diffuser 22 extends along the axial direction A only in the section 26 that includes the outflow region 16 and is only slightly wider than the outflow region 16 (see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 4 ).

[0080] A gas guiding surface 30 is formed on the inner side 28 of the receiving opening 24 of the diffuser 22, which extends circumferentially over most of the outflow region 16, at approximately 225°.

[0081] The gas guiding surface 30 is spaced apart from the housing 14 and the outlet opening 18 in the radial direction r, such that when the gas generator 10 is activated, the gas escaping from the outlet opening 18 enters the gap between the housing 14 and the gas guiding surface 30 of the gas generator 10. Therefore, the space between the gas guiding surface 30 and the housing 14 forms a collection chamber 32 for the gas flowing out of the gas generator 10.

[0082] The collection chamber 32 is defined in the axial direction A by two abutment surfaces 34 that directly abut against the outer housing 14 of the gas generator 10. In this example, the two abutment surfaces 34 extend over the entire circumference of the gas generator 10, such that the collection chamber 32 is closed in the axial direction A by these two abutment surfaces 34.

[0083] The contact surface 34 also ensures the connection between the diffuser 22 and the gas generator 10. These contact surfaces are attached to the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10 under mechanical stress and hold the diffuser 22 to the outer casing 14 by clamping force.

[0084] The diffuser 22 has a plurality of outlet openings 36 which are connected to the collection chamber 32 in a flow sense, and the gas flowing from the gas generator 10 leaves the diffuser 22 through these outlet openings and thus leaves the assembly 20.

[0085] The collection chamber 32 here has two outlet openings 36 at its two circumferential ends 37, which are opposite in the axial direction A. In the example shown here, the surface of the outlet opening 36 is correspondingly perpendicular to the axial direction A, such that the gas exits the assembly 20 in the outlet direction RD along the axial direction A.

[0086] In this embodiment, a total of four outlet openings 36 are provided, with each pair of outlet openings pointing in opposite directions, such that gas flows out along the axial direction A in two opposite outlet directions RD. Relative to the outflow direction RGG, the outflowing gas in this example is deflected by 90° from the radial direction r to reach the axial direction A.

[0087] In this example, the area of ​​all outlet openings 36 is chosen to be the same size. Thus, component 20 is thrust-balanced relative to the gas flowing from gas generator 10. Alternatively, the areas of the outlet openings 36 in opposite directions A can be chosen to be different sizes, resulting in a non-uniform gas distribution (not shown).

[0088] In this embodiment, the outlet opening 36 is formed such that the gas guiding surface 30 has a larger radial distance r from the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10 in the outlet region 38 than in the region of the collection chamber 32. In the outlet region 38, the sidewall 40 connecting the gas guiding surface 30 and the adjacent contact surface 34 is interrupted, thus creating the outlet opening 36.

[0089] In this embodiment, the outlet openings 36 are arranged symmetrically in two opposite sidewalls 40.

[0090] Two spatially separated exit areas 38 are provided here, each with two opposite exit openings 36, which are spaced approximately 90° apart in the circumferential direction (see...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

[0091] Optionally, a smaller collection chamber 32 may be formed between the two outlet areas 38; however, it is also possible for the gas guide surface 30 to be generally abutted against the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10 and, if necessary, to cover some of the outlet openings in the outlet opening 18.

[0092] If component 20 is installed in the airbag module, the gas generator 10 is pushed into the airbag 42 until the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10, along with the outflow area 16 and the diffuser 22, is completely within the inflatable internal volume 44 of the airbag 42. This is in Figure 4 As shown in the image.

[0093] Therefore, the contact surface 34 does not need to seal the collection chamber 32 in an airtight manner, because all the gas flowing out of the gas generator 10 is released into the airbag 42. Thus, small leaks are acceptable.

[0094] The diffuser 22 is manufactured by forming, for example, metal strips made of steel sheet into a diffuser blank (not shown) using a stamping-bending method. In this step, all the gas guide surfaces 30 and the contact surfaces 34 are pre-formed. In another forming step, the diffuser blank is bent in the circumferential direction U around the outflow area 16 of the gas generator 10, wherein the contact surfaces 34 come into contact with the outer shell 14 of the gas generator 10, and the gas guide surfaces 30 also occupy their final positions, thereby creating the desired collection chamber(s) 32 between the gas guide surfaces 30 and the outer shell 14.

[0095] In overlapping section 46 (see...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 The diffuser blank sections are stacked and in contact with each other in the radial direction r. In this overlapping section 46, the diffuser blank is fastened to itself, for example, by a suitable welding method (e.g., laser welding). The resulting weld 48 clamps the manufactured diffuser 22 to the gas generator 10 under mechanical preload. The diffuser blank is material-fitted only to itself, rather than being fastened to the gas generator 10 via a material-fitted connection.

[0096] Furthermore, the diffuser 22 can be secured to the gas generator 10 using a suitable joining method (e.g., crimping). The gas generator 10 can therefore have a recess 60 (see...). Figure 4 To connect diffuser 22 and gas generator 10, the abutment surface 34 of the diffuser is plastically deformed in the region of groove 60, such that the abutment surface at least partially engages circumferentially with groove 60 and creates a form-fitting latch 62 (see [link]). Figure 6 ).

[0097] Alternatively, the diffuser 22 can be fully pre-formed before being applied to the outflow region 16. This diffuser 22 can also be made from metal strips by a stamping-bending method or from a tubular element such as a steel pipe. Preferably, this diffuser 22 is fastened to the gas generator 10 by a suitable joining method (e.g., by an extrusion tool), as previously described.

[0098] Figure 5 and Figure 6 Component 20 according to the second embodiment is shown. Since the various elements differ only in their shape and position but are identical in function, the reference numerals already introduced are retained.

[0099] In the second embodiment, the diffuser 22 is designed to form two collection chambers 32, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction U and each leads into its own outlet region 38. Each outlet region has two outlet openings 36, which are arranged at opposite axial ends of the diffuser 22 and whose surfaces point oppositely in the axial direction A. The outlet regions 38 are continuous in the axial direction A, and the collection chambers 32 lead into the middle of the outlet regions 38. In the circumferential direction U, between the two collection chambers 32 and between the two outlet regions 38, the contact surface 34 directly abuts the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10.

[0100] In this example, the overlapping section 46 extends in the regions of the two outlet regions 38, such that the metal plate forming the diffuser 22 in this section is double-layered and fixed to each other in a suitable location (shown here by weld 48).

[0101] In this embodiment, the gas escaping from the outflow region 16 of the gas generator 10 in the radial direction r also first deflects 90° through the gas guide surface 30 into the collection chambers 32, where it is guided to the outlet region 38. There, the gas again deflects 90° and is split into two corresponding sub-flows, which, in the illustrated embodiment, exit the diffuser 22 in opposite directions along the axial direction A with substantially the same intensity. The gas volume in each sub-flow is determined by the number of outflow openings 18 in the region of each collection chamber 32.

[0102] The number, arrangement, shape, and size of each collection chamber 32, outlet region 38, and outlet opening 36 are of course determined by those skilled in the art and can be adapted to the corresponding gas generator 10 and corresponding application. In particular, the number, arrangement, shape, and size of each collection chamber 32, outlet region 38, and outlet opening 36 can also be designed to achieve a non-uniform gas distribution.

[0103] Figure 7 and Figure 8A third embodiment of component 20 is shown. Unlike the embodiment just described, in the overlapping section 46, the diffuser blanks are not stacked in the radial direction r. Instead, two sections of the diffuser blanks are in contact with each other in the circumferential direction U and abut against each other in the axial direction A and the radial direction r. As described above, the diffuser blank is fixed to itself in this section, as shown here by weld 48.

[0104] Another difference from the embodiment just described is that a total of three collection chambers 32a and 32b are provided, each of which is connected to a single outlet opening 36a and 36b. Figure 7 The diffuser 22 is shown in a front view from the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10, while Figure 8 The following side view shows diffuser 22.

[0105] Two first collection chambers 32a are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction U and are symmetrically formed with respect to the diameter of the gas generator 10. Gas guide surfaces 30 are formed in the two first collection chambers 32a such that they respectively produce rearward-pointing outlet openings 36a.

[0106] The third collection chamber 32b is located circumferentially between the two described first collection chambers 32a. This third collection chamber has a single outlet opening 36b, which is formed by the radial gap 50 between the diffuser 22 and the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10 and is therefore also oriented with its surface perpendicular to the axial direction A, such that gas flows out in an outlet direction RD parallel to the axial direction A, but pointing forward and thus opposite to the gas escaping from the outlet opening 36a.

[0107] The outlet opening 36b is located at the axial end 51 of the second collection chamber 32b.

[0108] In another embodiment, the areas of the respective outlet openings 36a, 36b (optional outlet opening 36) and the dimensions of the collection chambers 32a, 32b (optional collection chamber 32) are selected such that the assembly 20 is substantially thrust-balanced.

[0109] Alternatively, a non-uniform gas distribution can also be achieved by adapting the areas of the various outlet openings 36a, 36b and the dimensions of the collection chambers 32a, 32b, whereby the dimensions of the collection chambers 32a, 32b can be adapted, in particular, by the position of the partition tabs 33 formed by the contact surface 34. This percentage-uniform distribution of airflow can, for example, achieve substantially uniform filling of airbag chambers of different sizes arranged on the front and rear sides.

[0110] At the rear axial end of diffuser 22, the contact surface 34 extends over the entire circumference of gas generator 10. The contact surface 34 at the front axial end of diffuser 22 is interrupted in the region of the second collection chamber 32b. This section forms a radial gap 50.

[0111] Here, the longitudinal end 12 is generally regarded as the front end of the gas generator 10; expressions such as “front side” and “rear side” are related to this orientation.

[0112] Figure 10 and Figure 11 Component 20 according to the fourth embodiment is shown.

[0113] The diffuser geometry can also be manufactured from slatted metal sheets or tubular elements, for example, through a stamping-bending process. Alternatively, the diffuser can also be manufactured as a spirally welded, seamlessly drawn component or a component drawn from a metal sheet.

[0114] Here, it is especially possible to use, as in Figure 9 The gas generator 10 shown in the image. (And...) Figure 1 The only difference in the gas generator shown is that the outflow region 16 in the axial direction A is divided into two axial zones 52 and 54, which are separated from each other by the design of the housing 14 as a partition without outflow openings 18. Here, it can be pointed out, particularly for the non-uniform gas distribution, that zones 52 and 54 have an asymmetrical distribution of outflow openings 18.

[0115] The diffuser 22 in this embodiment has an intermediate abutment surface 34a, which is positioned in the partition region between the two zones 52 and 54. Therefore, the intermediate abutment surface 34a divides the gas escaping from the two zones 52 and 54 into two separate sub-gas flows.

[0116] The diffuser has two collection chambers arranged adjacent to the contact surface 34 along the axial direction A. Based on the embodiment just described, these collection chambers are referred to by reference numerals 32a and 32b.

[0117] Each of the collection chambers 32a and 32b collects the gas escaping from one of the zones 52 and 54.

[0118] In this example, the rear collection chamber 32a has a single outlet opening 36a, which is formed by an open section of the rearward-facing sidewall 40, and the sub-gas flow escapes from the outlet opening in the outlet direction RD, which is away from the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10.

[0119] In this example, the front collection chamber 32b has an outlet opening 36b that surrounds the circumferentially in the form of a radial gap 50, from which the sub-gas flow escapes in the opposite direction. This geometry can... Figure 11 This is clearly evident in the text.

[0120] Figure 12 a) to Figure 12 c) The outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10 is shown, in which the outflow area 16 in the axial direction A is divided into two axial zones 52 and 54, which are separated from each other by the design of the outer casing 14 with partitioned areas 68 without outflow openings 18.

[0121] exist Figure 12 a) and Figure 12 Figure b) shows the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10, which is configured for non-uniform gas distribution, wherein regions 52 and 54 have an asymmetrical distribution of outflow openings 18. Figure 12 In a), the outflow opening 18 is distributed across zones 52 and 54 in such a manner that approximately two-thirds of the airflow escapes in zone 52 and approximately one-third of the airflow escapes in zone 54. Figure 12 In b), the outflow opening 18 is distributed to zones 52 and 54 in such a way that approximately one-third of the airflow escapes in zone 52 and approximately two-thirds of the airflow escapes in zone 54.

[0122] exist Figure 12 c) shows the outer casing 14 of the gas generator 10, which is configured for uniform gas distribution, wherein the regions 52 and 54 have symmetrically distributed outflow openings 18 such that approximately half of the gas flow escapes from each of the regions 52 and 54.

[0123] Of course, those skilled in the art can also generate other percentage ratios of airflow distribution by distributing the outflow opening 18 onto zones 52 and 54 in a manner consistent with the intended use of component 20.

[0124] Figure 13 a) to Figure 13 c) The components according to the fifth embodiment are shown respectively, wherein in the outer housing 14 of the gas generator 10 of the component 20, the outflow region 16 is divided into two axial regions 52 and 54 in the axial direction A, which are separated from each other by the design of the outer housing 14 as having a partition region 68 without an outflow opening 18.

[0125] This implementation method (see Figure 14The diffuser 22 also has an intermediate abutment surface 34a, which is positioned in the partition region 68 between the two zones 52 and 54. The diffuser 22 has two collection chambers 32a and 32b, which are arranged adjacent to the abutment surface 34a along the axial direction A. Each collection chamber 32a and 32b collects gas escaping from one of the zones 52 and 54. Therefore, the intermediate abutment surface 34a divides the gas escaping from the two zones 52 and 54 into two separate sub-flows.

[0126] exist Figure 13 In a), the outflow opening 18 is distributed in zones 52 and 54 such that approximately two-thirds of the airflow escapes toward the collection chamber 32b in zone 52 and approximately one-third of the airflow escapes toward the collection chamber 32a in zone 54. Figure 13 In b), the outflow opening 18 is distributed in zones 52 and 54 such that approximately one-third of the airflow escapes toward the collection chamber 32b in zone 52 and approximately two-thirds of the airflow escapes toward the collection chamber 32a in zone 54. Figure 13 In c), the outflow openings 18 are symmetrically / uniformly distributed on zones 52 and 54, such that approximately half of the airflow escapes from zone 52 toward the collection chamber 32b and from zone 54 toward the collection chamber 32a, respectively.

[0127] The rear collection chamber 32a in this example has a single outlet opening 36a from which the sub-gas flow escapes in the outlet direction RD, away from the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10. The front collection chamber 32b in this example has an outlet opening 36b in the form of a radial gap 50 from which the sub-gas flow escapes in the opposite direction. The gap 50 (as from...) Figure 13 a) to Figure 13 (c) The result is interrupted in the circumferential direction by the abutment surface 34 at the longitudinal end 12 in the example shown.

[0128] The diffuser geometry can also be manufactured from slatted metal sheets or tubular elements, for example, through a stamping-bending process. Alternatively, the diffuser can also be manufactured as a spirally welded, seamlessly drawn, or sheet-drawn component.

[0129] The advantage of this component 20 according to the fifth embodiment is that the diffuser 22 can be designed as a standard component: the gas percentage distribution can be adapted in a simple and cost-effective manner by adapting the housing 14, which is particularly dependent on the intended use of the component 20. The adaptation of the housing 14 is preferably achieved here by adapting the number of outflow openings 18 in the outflow region 16 of the housing 14 of the gas generator 10, assigned to the corresponding regions 52 and 54.

[0130] Figure 15 A sixth embodiment of component 20 is shown. Unlike the embodiment just described, the intermediate contact surface 34a is designed in a spiral shape, causing the axial width of the two collection chambers 32a, 32b to change along the circumferential direction U.

[0131] The spiral shape of the intermediate contact surface 34 is achieved here by the following: this contact surface 34a has: two first segments 56 extending only along the circumferential direction U, these first segments being arranged offset from each other along the axial direction A; and two second segments 58, these second segments extending obliquely relative to the axial direction A and relative to the circumferential direction U, and these second segments connecting the first segments 56 to each other. This design allows the determination of the dimensions of the individual collection chambers 32a, 32b, which determine the intensity of the sub-airflow. This geometry can be combined with... Figure 1 It can be used with a gas generator, or with a gas generator according to Figure 9 Used together with a gas generator.

[0132] In this embodiment, the rear collection chamber 32a also has a rearward-pointing outlet opening 36a, while the front collection chamber 32b has a forward-pointing outlet opening 36b, which surrounds the gas generator 10 in the circumferential direction U in the form of a radial gap at the front axial end 51 of the collection chamber 32b.

[0133] Figures 16 to 21 Component 20 according to the seventh embodiment is shown. Figure 16 It shows according to Figure 1 The gas generator 10 has a self-locking diffuser 22 disposed at its longitudinal end 12. Similar to the first embodiment, in this sixth embodiment, the longitudinal end 12 of the gas generator 10 (more precisely, without a cap for the outflow opening) also extends slightly beyond the diffuser 22 in the axial direction A. This is particularly evident in… Figure 17 , Figure 19 and Figure 21 This can be clearly seen in the text.

[0134] The self-locking diffuser 22 is preferably made of spring steel. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas guiding surface 30 extends throughout the circumferential direction. The diffuser 22 has a plurality of outlet openings 36b evenly distributed in the circumferential direction U on the front side. The outlet openings 36b are separated by partition tabs 33', which also form the front abutment surface 34 (see...). Figure 17 b and Figure 18 ).

[0135] In the illustrated embodiment, the diffuser 22 has an outlet opening 36a on its rear side, which is formed by a partial opening in the rear region of the gas guiding surface 30 (see [link]). Figure 17 a and Figure 19 In the illustrated embodiment, an optional guide element 64 is connected to a contact surface 34 arranged in the area of ​​the outlet opening 36a. This guide element 64 can redirect the gas outlet direction RD to the outlet direction RD' (see [reference]). Figure 19 ).

[0136] The rear contact surface 34 of the diffuser is divided into multiple segments in the circumferential direction U by a dividing notch 66. According to... Figures 16 to 21 In this embodiment, the rear abutment surface 64 comprises four sections. Engaging elements 62, which engage in the groove 60 of the gas generator 10 in the assembled state of the diffuser 22, are connected to two of these sections of the abutment surface 34, which are arranged here adjacent to the section of the abutment surface 34 in the region of the outlet opening 36a.

[0137] Figure 20 and Figure 21 The longitudinal sections of component 20 in the xz plane are shown at different time points when the diffuser 22 and gas generator 10 are assembled.

[0138] Figure 20 The assembly 20 is shown during the process of pushing the diffuser 20 onto the gas generator 22. The abutment surface 34 bends outward in the radial direction r by means of the engaging element 62 when the diffuser 22 is pushed. This bending of the engaging element 62 is achieved in particular by means of the dividing notch 66 in the region of the rear abutment surface 34.

[0139] Figure 21The assembly 20 after completion is shown. It can be clearly seen that the engaging element 62 is engaged into the groove 60 of the gas generator 10, and the diffuser 22 is thus easily locked onto the gas generator 10. To secure the diffuser 22 to the gas generator 10, the partition tab 33' forming the front abutment surface 34 can also be designed such that this partition tab is also bent at least slightly outward in the radial direction r during diffuser assembly. Thus, the partition tab 33' generates a clamping force pointing towards the central axis of the gas generator 10 in the region of the front abutment surface 34 due to the inherent stress of the material in the assembled state. Of course, in addition to self-locking, the diffuser 22 can also be fixed to the gas generator 10 by pressing or welding, for example.

[0140] As determined by those skilled in the art, all features of the various embodiments can of course be combined or interchanged with each other, wherein the desired use and geometry of the gas generator used should always be taken into account when selecting the shape of the diffuser.

Claims

1. A component, the component comprising: An elongated gas generator has an outer casing extending axially in a front-rear direction. The gas generator includes an outflow region comprising a plurality of outflow openings circumferentially distributed around the outer casing. The outflow openings are arranged in a first outflow region and a second outflow region, which are axially spaced along the length of the outflow region and separated by partition regions of the outflow region without outflow openings. A diffuser comprising a plate extending around the housing to cover the outflow area, the diffuser including a central abutment surface that engages the housing along the dividing region to facilitate connection of the diffuser to the housing, the diffuser including a first collection chamber and a second collection chamber, the first collection chamber extending rearward axially from the central abutment surface and covering the outflow opening of the first outflow area, and the second collection chamber extending forward axially from the central abutment surface and covering the outflow opening of the second outflow area; The first collection chamber includes a locking element that extends circumferentially around the housing and is received in a circumferential groove in the housing of the gas generator to help connect the diffuser to the gas generator. The first collection chamber further includes a rear outlet opening that extends through the plate. The second collection chamber is configured to converge radially over the outflow area of ​​the gas generator and define a forward abutment surface, wherein the forward abutment surface engages the housing along a radial extension of the housing, and wherein the second collection chamber forms a forward outlet opening in the form of a radial gap, wherein the forward abutment surface is spaced apart from the housing.

2. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet direction of the diffuser extends axially relative to the longitudinal axis of the gas generator.

3. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet opening includes at least two outlet openings that point in opposite directions.

4. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet opening includes two or more outlet openings that point in opposite directions and are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.

5. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The gas guiding surface is located radially further out of the outlet opening than at least one associated collection chamber farther from the outlet opening.

6. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The contact surface defines the at least one collection chamber in at least one of the axial direction and the circumferential direction.

7. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The collection chamber includes one or more collection chambers that extend discontinuously in the circumferential direction and that the one or more collection chambers open into the outlet opening at both of their circumferential ends.

8. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The facility is provided with two collection chambers, each of which extends along the circumferential direction and has an outlet opening at one circumferential end.

9. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The contact surface divides the gas flow leaving the gas generator into at least two sub-flows, wherein the contact surface extends spirally around the housing or extends only around the housing in the circumferential direction.

10. The component of claim 1, wherein, The gas generator is provided with a contact surface that surrounds the entire circumference of the gas generator. The contact surface includes two first segments that extend only along the circumferential direction and two second segments that extend obliquely relative to the circumferential direction and the axial direction, the second segments connecting the first segments.

11. The component of claim 1, wherein, The outflow area is located at the longitudinal end of the gas generator.

12. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet area of ​​the gas generator is divided into at least two zones, which are separated from each other by a partition area of ​​the housing without an outlet opening, wherein the contact surface of the diffuser is positioned in the partition area between the zones.

13. The component according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet openings are distributed in the circumferential direction and are separated by partition plates, wherein the partition plates at least partially form the at least one contact surface, the contact surface defining the collection chamber in the axial direction toward the longitudinal end of the gas generator.

14. The component according to claim 1, wherein, A collection chamber is provided with an outlet opening (36b) at the axial end.

15. The component of claim 14, wherein, The outlet opening is formed by a radial gap between the outer casing and the inner side of the diffuser.

16. The component of claim 1, wherein, The diffuser includes at least one engaging element, wherein the engaging element is capable of engaging in a groove for fastening and securing the diffuser to the gas generator.

17. The component of claim 16, wherein, The diffuser is made of spring steel.

18. An airbag module, the airbag module comprising an airbag and the component according to claim 1, wherein, The diffuser is completely disposed within the inflatable internal volume of the airbag.

19. A method for assembling a component according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: A one-piece diffuser blank is manufactured from a metal sheet, wherein all contact surfaces and all gas guiding surfaces are pre-formed. The diffuser blank is bent around the outlet region of the gas generator, wherein the diffuser blank takes on the final shape of the diffuser; and The diffuser blank is partially fixed to itself so as to close the diffuser blank in a circumferential sense.

20. A method for assembling a component according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: A diffuser made of a one-piece closed tubular element or a one-piece metal sheet, wherein all contact surfaces and all gas guiding surfaces are pre-formed; The diffuser is slid onto the outflow area of ​​the gas generator, and the contact surface of the diffuser is plastically deformed in the region of the groove of the gas generator, such that the contact surface at least partially engages in the groove along the circumferential direction and forms a forced lock.

21. A method for assembling a component according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: A one-piece diffuser is manufactured from closed tubular elements or metal plates, wherein all contact surfaces, all gas guiding surfaces and all engaging elements are pre-formed; The diffuser is slid onto the outflow area of ​​the gas generator, such that the engaging element engages at least partially along the circumference in the groove of the gas generator and forms a forced lock.

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