A device for in-situ collection of interstitial water and a working method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of interstitial water in-situ collection device, comprising: liquid collecting unit, pretreatment unit, sample unit, power unit and collection unit, one end of the collection unit is provided with penetration part;The liquid collecting unit is arranged in the collection unit, comprising a plurality of liquid pumping cabin distributed along the first direction;The liquid pumping cabin is provided with liquid pumping port and liquid inlet;The pretreatment unit is arranged on the outer wall of the collection unit, comprising first control assembly, sampling port corresponding to the liquid inlet;The sampling port is communicated with the liquid inlet;The first control assembly is used to control the opening and closing of the sampling port;The power unit comprises driving module, automatic pumping module.The in-situ collection device improves the efficiency and accuracy of interstitial water collection under the premise of meeting portability and low cost, continuously optimizes the working performance of stratified sampling.The application also provides an in-situ collection method for interstitial water with corresponding advantages.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring and treatment, and particularly relates to a pore water in-situ collection device and a corresponding working method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The release and composition of nutrients in pore water change with depth, directly reflecting the rate and stoichiometry of mineralization reactions. Accurate determination of the chemical composition and content of pore water is crucial for understanding the interaction between sediments and water, the chemical form of matter, diagenetic processes, and the burial mechanism of nutrients. Therefore, efficient and accurate pore water collection and related equipment are particularly important. Taking the collection of pore water in river and lake sediments as an example, with the improvement of environmental protection awareness and the increasing demand for water quality monitoring, pore water collection devices are increasingly widely used in the field of water environment monitoring. It can be seen that pore water collection and related devices are indispensable in the field of water environment monitoring. The composition, structure, and thickness of river and lake sediments vary with factors such as region, climate, and hydrodynamic conditions, which makes the pore water collection device need to have strong environmental adaptability and stability. Especially in areas with soft or high-organic-content sediments, special techniques and devices are needed to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the collection.

[0003] The conventional method of collecting pore water from sediments is to store and transport sediments at different depths to the laboratory for centrifugation to obtain pore water. Better in-situ sampling is to directly obtain pore water by vacuum filtration at the sampling site. In the prior art, the pore water collection device has the following main problems: the indirect method of obtaining pore water is complicated, resulting in water sample loss and error; the collection device for in-situ pore water and overlying water of sediments has the problems of large and non-concentrated sampling area, water sample mixing, and capillary blockage; the better in-situ pore water sampling device for sediments can be used for in-situ collection, but has the problems of mixed pore water and inaccurate detection results. In the better prior art, the intelligent collection device has made some progress compared to the traditional collection device, but the cost is high, and the design and material selection do not take into account the carbon emission problem. For example, the intelligent collection device generally has a display screen and a start button at the handle, which means that the depth of the device entering the river and lake is limited, and only the upper sample can be collected. Since the collection device needs to work for a long time in complex environmental conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference, obviously environmental factors will adversely affect the performance and stability of the device. The existing intelligent collection device has a complex structure and is easily affected by the environment, resulting in distortion or loss of collected data, making fault troubleshooting difficult and the maintenance cycle long in actual application.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an in-situ interstitial water collection device and a corresponding working method to overcome the limitations of existing interstitial water collection devices in practical applications, improve the efficiency and stability of collection work, and reduce the difficulty and cost of operation, thereby promoting the in-depth application of environmental monitoring and governance technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve all or part of the problems of the prior art. On one hand, this invention proposes an in-situ interstitial water collection device, which can collect interstitial water samples in real time and accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of water environment testing and reducing testing costs. On the other hand, this invention provides an in-situ interstitial water collection method, which offers an optimized workflow and operation mode. Based on the in-situ interstitial water collection device of this invention, the real-time performance, accuracy, and efficiency of interstitial water collection are improved.

[0006] This invention provides an in-situ interstitial water collection device, comprising: a collection unit, a pretreatment unit, a sample unit, a power unit, and a collection unit. One end of the collection unit is provided with a penetrating portion; the penetrating portion is used to insert sediment along a first direction. The collection unit is disposed within the collection unit and includes multiple suction chambers distributed along the first direction; each suction chamber has a suction port and an inlet port. The pretreatment unit is disposed on the outer wall of the collection unit and includes a first control component and a sampling port corresponding to the inlet port; the sampling port is connected to the inlet port; the first control component is used to control the opening and closing of the sampling port. The sample unit includes multiple sample containers corresponding to the suction chambers. The power unit includes a drive module and an automatic pumping module; the output end of the drive module is driven and connected to the automatic pumping module and the first control component, respectively. The automatic pumping module includes multiple sets of mutually isolated pumping sections; the output port of each pumping section is connected to the sample container, and the input port of each pumping section is connected to the suction port.

[0007] The system comprises a collection unit, a pretreatment unit, a sample unit, a power unit, and a sampling unit, which work in concert to achieve a modular structure and precise in-situ sampling capability. It is compact, easy to operate, and portable, meeting diverse on-site sampling needs. Automation and remote control reduce operational complexity and risk. Multiple suction chambers distributed along the first direction can simultaneously or separately collect interstitial water from different locations. Multiple sample containers, each corresponding to a suction chamber, can store interstitial water samples collected from different locations. The opening and closing of the sampling port, controlled by a first control component, ensures accurate and flexible sampling. Multiple isolated pump units allow simultaneous or separate operation of different suction chambers, improving sampling efficiency.

[0008] The inlet is equipped with a filter assembly; the projected area of ​​the filter assembly at the inlet is larger than the opening area of ​​the inlet; the filter assembly includes a polymer separation membrane with a three-dimensional curved surface structure.

[0009] The filter assembly is fixedly connected to the side of the liquid inlet facing the sampling port via a quick-release structure; the polymer separation membrane includes one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, nylon membrane, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; the filtration pore size of the filter assembly ranges from 0.22 micrometers to 1 micrometer.

[0010] At least two of the liquid extraction chambers are grouped together, and the distance between the liquid inlet of the liquid extraction chambers in different groups and the penetrating portion is different in the first direction; the liquid collection unit includes at least n groups of the liquid extraction chambers, n≥3; the pretreatment unit is divided into n first sealed spaces and several second sealed spaces along the first direction; the sampling port is disposed in the first sealed space, and the first control component is housed in the second sealed space.

[0011] The pretreatment unit includes a sealing layer and a particle size controllable filter media assembly disposed between the sampling port and the liquid inlet; the particle size controllable filter media assembly includes at least two filter layers with different pore sizes; the filter layers are separated to form a filtration space; the sampling port is opened through the sealing layer; the surface of the sealing layer is provided with a sealing slide corresponding to the sampling port; the sealing slide is controlled by the first control component to close or expose the sampling port; the diameter of the sampling port ranges from 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm.

[0012] The projection of the blocking slider onto the sampling port is rectangular. The side length of the rectangle in the first direction is less than the distance between adjacent sampling ports and greater than the maximum diameter of the sampling port.

[0013] The filter layer includes a filter membrane with a fibrillated node structure; the filter membrane includes a first filter membrane with a larger pore size and a second filter membrane with a smaller pore size; the pore size of the first filter membrane is in the range of 10-250 μm, and the pore size of the second filter membrane is in the range of 1-25 μm.

[0014] The pretreatment unit has a first openable sealed chamber door structure on its outer wall; the first openable sealed chamber door structure is used to update the particle size controllable filter media assembly.

[0015] The acquisition unit is provided with a second openable sealed door structure; the second openable sealed door structure includes a plurality of doors that are movably connected to the side wall of the acquisition unit; the edges of the doors are provided with sealing rings.

[0016] The collection unit is tubular in shape; the plurality of compartment doors include a first compartment door and a second compartment door located on the front and rear sides of the liquid collection unit in the first direction.

[0017] The sample unit is disposed within the collection unit, located on the side of the liquid collection unit facing the penetration portion; the sample unit includes a storage rack for fixing and storing the plurality of sample containers; the storage rack is connected to the inner wall of the collection unit via a quick-release structure; each sample container is provided with a through-hole cover; the output port of the pump suction unit is connected to the through-hole cover, and the input port of the pump suction unit is connected to the liquid extraction port via independent polymer hoses; each sample container is correspondingly arranged with the liquid extraction chamber; there are at least 10 sample containers; the capacity of each sample container is 50 ml or more; the polymer hoses have different cross-sectional dimensions at different positions, and the difference in inner diameter between the openings at both ends of the polymer hoses is 10 mm or more.

[0018] The automatic pump suction module also includes a flow sensor and a second control component; the flow sensor is communicatively connected to the second control component; the flow sensor is located at the output port of the pump suction unit and is used to monitor the flow rate of the water sample in real time; the second control component is electrically connected to the drive module and controls the start and stop of the pump suction.

[0019] The power unit is disposed within the acquisition unit and located on the side of the liquid collection unit opposite to the penetrating portion; the power unit includes a wireless communication module for receiving control signals; the wireless communication module is communicatively connected to the first control component; the drive module includes a mobile energy source.

[0020] The interstitial water in-situ collection device also includes a handle assembly; the handle assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the penetrating part of the collection unit; the handle assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the collection unit; the handle assembly includes a grip and several adjusting rods; the grip and the adjusting rods are provided with a quick-release structure that cooperates with each other; the length of the adjusting rods ranges from 0.5 meters to 2 meters.

[0021] The penetrating part is fixedly connected to the end of the acquisition unit via a quick-release structure; the penetrating part is made of one or more of high-strength corrosion-resistant alloy materials, self-lubricating materials, and wear-resistant composite materials; the surface structure of the penetrating part includes one or more of conical, spiral, multi-bladed crushing, and flat enlarging types.

[0022] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for in-situ sampling of interstitial water, using the in-situ sampling device for interstitial water described in this invention; the steps include: step S1. setting sampling parameters; step S2. inserting the penetrating part into the sediment to the target location according to the sampling parameters; step S3. opening the sampling port, starting the pump, and performing stratified sampling; step S4. controlling the sampling progress based on the sampling parameters, and removing and labeling the sample container after sampling is completed; wherein the sampling parameters include the target sampling depth and the target sampling volume.

[0023] After step S1, the following steps are performed: adjusting the length of the handle assembly; step S4 also includes replacing the filter assembly and / or the particle size controllable filter media assembly.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the main beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. The present invention provides an in-situ sampling device for interstitial water, which achieves continuous stratified sampling of interstitial water at different depths through a multi-layered pumping chamber, thereby improving the integrity and accuracy of the sampling data; by controlling the opening and closing of the sampling port and the operation of the automatic pumping module, the sampling process is reasonably automated, improving the controllability of the sampling process and reducing errors and risks from human operation; by precisely controlling the sampling port and stratified sampling technology, interference from interstitial water in non-target layers is effectively avoided, improving the accuracy and reliability of the sampling data; through the coordinated cooperation of various parts, the stratified sampling performance is continuously improved under the premise of simple structure, convenient operation, and controllable manufacturing cost.

[0026] 2. The present invention provides a method for in-situ sampling of interstitial water, which, through automated control, can precisely control the sampling location and target sampling volume, and has the ability to perform stratified sampling, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the sampling results; it improves sampling efficiency, shortens the sampling cycle, and comprehensively optimizes the efficiency and effectiveness of in-situ sampling. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the interstitial water collection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filter component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid inlet in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preprocessing unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the sampling port closure state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the sampling port opening state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sample container according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the in-situ sampling method for interstitial water in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the vertical variation of the sediment-water interface DO in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the interstitial water collection device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0038] The in-situ interstitial water sampling device and its operating method provided in the following embodiments are applicable to various scenarios requiring in-situ, continuous, and stratified sampling of interstitial water in sediments. They can be used in research in environmental science, ecology, geology, and other fields, particularly in situations requiring in-situ, continuous, and stratified sampling of interstitial water in sediments, providing strong technical support for research in these fields. For example, in environmental science, this sampling device can be used to study the migration and transformation processes of pollutants in sediments of lakes, rivers, and oceans, as well as the balance and evolution of aquatic ecosystems. By sampling interstitial water at different depths, the vertical distribution patterns of pollutants in sediments can be revealed, providing a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment and pollution control. In ecology, this sampling device can be used to study soil water cycling, microbial activity, and biogeochemical processes in ecosystems such as wetlands and swamps. By collecting interstitial water samples in situ, the dynamics of water and material exchange within ecosystems can be understood, providing data support for ecological protection and restoration. In geology, this sampling device can be used to study issues related to groundwater resources, geological structures, and mineral resources. By collecting interstitial water samples at different depths, the chemical composition, flow path, and interactions with other geological bodies of groundwater can be analyzed, providing crucial information for geological exploration and resource development. Specific application scenarios are not limited here.

[0039] Taking the above application scenarios as an example, if the interstitial water sampling device has defects such as complex operation, easy mixing of water samples, inaccurate sampling points, and easy clogging, it cannot meet the needs of practical applications. At the same time, as a conventional tool for water sampling, the design of the interstitial water sampling device must consider manufacturing costs while meeting operational performance requirements; adding too much intelligent design is not conducive to its widespread application. When the sampling device is used for interstitial water sampling in sediments, it needs to overcome some technical difficulties. Specifically, the specific working steps of traditional sediment sampling devices generally include: mud collection, segmentation and cutting, sealing and packaging, transportation back to the laboratory, and centrifugation to obtain interstitial water. If interstitial water cannot be directly obtained on-site, the cumbersome operation is unavoidable. The sampling device must be able to directly extract interstitial water during the sampling process to avoid cumbersome subsequent processing steps. Furthermore, during the process of storing and transporting sediments back to the laboratory, water samples often suffer loss, which not only affects the quantity of samples but also changes the original state of the samples, compromising sampling accuracy and reliability. During the sampling process, sediments are easily affected by overlying water, causing the collected interstitial water samples to contain components of overlying water, resulting in errors. For sampling devices with multiple capillary tubes distributed in a dispersed manner, when the bottom of the capillary is at the front end of the direction of insertion into the sediment, water can easily enter during the insertion process, leading to water sample mixing. The capillary tubes are also easily damaged when extending, and sediment particles can be easily sucked in during vacuuming, clogging the capillary. For devices that require indirect sampling via cavities and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), the mixing of interstitial water at different points is highly detrimental. Furthermore, SPME requires low flow rates to achieve sufficient contact and adsorption, resulting in long sampling times. Since the water flowing through the SPME is not recovered, sampling efficiency is also limited. Additionally, if the power source for water sample filtration is singular, relying solely on external pressure makes it difficult to control and improve sampling efficiency. From a safety perspective, conventional methods directly collect sediment inside the sampling device. When the device enters the anaerobic zone, the casing is prone to rupture due to gases mixed in the sediment.

[0040] This invention, through the following exemplary embodiments, illustrates an in-situ interstitial water collection device and its operating method. The illustrated collection device ensures that interstitial water at each location can be collected independently, thus avoiding mixing and improving the accuracy of the detection results. The operating method of this collection device is to directly extract interstitial water from the outside. The filter material can be replaced with different materials as needed, making it safer.

[0041] As illustrated in the following embodiments, the specific collection device integrates liquid collection, pretreatment, sample collection, power drive, and collection functions into one unit, simplifying the operation process and improving sampling efficiency. By setting up multiple suction chambers and corresponding filtration components, it can achieve stratified extraction of interstitial water at different depths and effectively filter impurities, ensuring sample purity. The use of particle size controllable filter media components allows for adjustment of the pore size of the filter layer as needed, further improving sample purity and accuracy. Through a flow sensor and a second control component, the water sample flow rate can be monitored in real time, and the start and stop of the pump suction can be controlled, achieving automated sampling. Each part of the device adopts a quick-release structure design for easy replacement and maintenance. Simultaneously, the wireless communication module enables remote control, further simplifying on-site operation. The interstitial water in-situ collection device and corresponding working method provided in this example overcome the aforementioned technical difficulties, effectively solve specific technical defects, and can truly meet practical applications, contributing to the further development of environmental engineering technology.

[0042] In this embodiment, a simple in-situ real-time collection device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments is used as a specific example. This example device can collect not only interstitial water in sediments but also overlying water and water samples from surface mud. Specific applications are not limited here.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] refer to Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the in-situ interstitial water collection device includes: a collection unit 1, a pretreatment unit 2, a sample unit 3, a power unit 4, and a collection unit 5; one end of the collection unit 5 is provided with a penetrating part 6; the penetrating part 6 is used to insert sediment along the first direction Y; the collection unit 1 is disposed inside the collection unit 5 and includes a plurality of extraction chambers 10 distributed along the first direction Y; the extraction chambers 10 are provided with extraction ports 101 and inlets 102; the pretreatment unit 2 is disposed on the outer wall of the collection unit 5 and includes a first control component 201 and a sampling port 2 corresponding to the inlet 102. 02; Sampling port 202 is connected to liquid inlet 102; First control component 201 is used to control the opening and closing of sampling port 202; Sample unit 3 includes multiple sample containers 30 corresponding to the liquid extraction chamber 10; Power unit 4 includes drive module 41 and automatic pump module 42; The output end of drive module 41 is connected to automatic pump module 42 and first control component 201 respectively; Automatic pump module 42 includes multiple sets of pump parts 421 isolated from each other; The output hole of pump part 421 is connected to sample container 30, and the input hole of pump part 421 is connected to liquid extraction port 101.

[0045] Figure 2 and Figure 3In the example, the inlet 102 is provided with a filter assembly 103; the projected area of ​​the filter assembly 103 on the inlet 102 is larger than the area of ​​the opening region of the inlet 102; the filter assembly 103 includes a polymer separation membrane P with a three-dimensional curved surface structure.

[0046] Figure 1 The example collection device precisely controls the positions of the inlet 102 and sampling port 202 of each extraction chamber 10 to ensure that interstitial water at different depths can be extracted at preset intervals. A suitable filter assembly 103 is selected to effectively filter the interstitial water. In this example, by optimizing the structural design, improving the pretreatment unit 2, selecting a suitable sample container 30, and enhancing the performance of the power unit 4, defects such as reduced sampling efficiency, water sample contamination, water sample loss, and instability in the sampling process are avoided. This effectively ensures the accuracy and reliability of interstitial water collection, and the sampling performance and usage effect meet the requirements of practical applications.

[0047] In the example, the three-dimensional curved surface structure of the polymer separation membrane P has a larger filtration area, ensuring full coverage of the opening area of ​​the inlet 102, effectively improving filtration efficiency. This allows impurities and particulate matter in the interstitial water to be more thoroughly intercepted and removed as they pass through the inlet 102. It fully utilizes the excellent separation performance of the polymer separation membrane itself, enabling efficient separation and purification of solutes of different sizes and chemical properties, further reducing the impurity content in the water sample and improving the purity and quality of the collected interstitial water. Furthermore, the polymer separation membrane P also possesses good physicochemical stability and durability, withstanding the challenges of various complex environments and operating conditions. This helps the filter assembly 103 maintain stable filtration performance during long-term use, reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement. Compared with other filter materials or structures, the curved surface design of the example three-dimensional curved surface structure of the polymer separation membrane P can also increase the turbulence of the water flow, further improving the filtration effect. In some embodiments, the filter assembly 103 may also use a filter screen instead of the polymer separation membrane P; this is not a limitation.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in a specific example, the filter assembly 103 is fixedly connected to the side of the inlet 102 facing the sampling port 202 via a quick-release structure. The polymer separation membrane P in the example can be one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, polyethersulfone (PES) membranes, nylon membranes, and PVDF membranes. Figure 2 The example filter assembly 103 consists of a single polymer separation membrane P made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a pore size ranging from 0.22 to 1 μm. In a preferred example, the polymer separation membrane P is a circular curved surface with a length of 4 cm and a width of 3 cm, and is fixed to the liquid inlet 102 by a clamping plate.Figure 3 In the example, the inlet 102 has a clip interface A at its edge, and the filter assembly 103 also includes a fixed membrane clip B that is fixedly connected to the edge of the polymer separation membrane P. Quick-release connection is achieved through the clip interface A and the fixed membrane clip B. The specific design of the filter assembly 103 is not limited here. The fixed membrane clip B in this embodiment allows for the replacement of different types of polymer separation membrane P for different water qualities. The pore size range of the example filter assembly 103 is advantageous for the effective retention of small particles, colloids, and some dissolved substances in the interstitial water. Compared to a single large-pore filter material, the fine pore size allows for more thorough removal of impurities from the water sample, improving the purity of the collected interstitial water. Furthermore, the pore size range is suitable for most interstitial water sampling needs, meeting the precision requirements of different experiments and analyses.

[0049] In this example, the performance and practicality of the interstitial water sampling device are further enhanced. The replacement and cleaning of the filter assembly 103 becomes simple and quick, significantly reducing operation time and improving work efficiency. Simultaneously, the quick-release structure ensures a secure and reliable connection between the filter assembly 103 and the inlet 102, preventing water sample leakage during collection. Furthermore, different polymer separation membranes P possess their own unique characteristics; for example, PTFE membranes have excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance, while PES membranes offer high flux and good mechanical strength. The example sampling device selects a suitable polymer separation membrane P based on specific sampling requirements and environmental conditions, thereby optimizing sampling results while ensuring compatibility with diverse application scenarios.

[0050] Figure 1 In the example, at least two extraction chambers 10 are grouped together, and the distance between the inlet 102 of different groups of extraction chambers 10 and the penetration portion 6 in the first direction Y is different; the liquid collection unit 1 includes at least n groups of extraction chambers 10, n≥3; the pretreatment unit 2 is divided into n first sealed spaces 20 and several second sealed spaces 21 along the first direction Y; the sampling port 202 is disposed in the first sealed space 20, and the first control component 201 is housed in the second sealed space 21.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, an independent collection chamber is provided on the inner wall of the collection unit 5, arranged along the first direction Y. The collection chambers are arranged in two vertical rows, each vertical row including five collection chambers corresponding to five first sealed spaces 20, and the collection chambers in the two vertical rows are located at different horizontal positions, so adjacent water samples do not interfere with each other. In this embodiment, each collection chamber has a layer of polymer separation membrane P (PTFE) and a liquid extraction chamber 10. All collection chambers constitute the collection unit 1. There may be more or fewer collection chambers, and the collection chambers may be staggered and not arranged in a regular array, which is not limited.

[0052] Reference Figure 4 By grouping the extraction chambers 10 and separating the pretreatment unit 2 into sealed spaces, the performance and sampling accuracy of the interstitial water collection device are further improved. Specifically, at least two extraction chambers 10 are grouped together, and the distances between the inlets 102 and the penetration portions 6 in the first direction Y are different for each group of extraction chambers 10. This allows the collection device to simultaneously collect interstitial water at different preset depths, thereby obtaining more comprehensive and abundant water sample information. Compared to single-depth sampling, multi-depth sampling better reflects the vertical distribution characteristics of interstitial water in sediments, helping to more accurately analyze sediment properties and environmental changes. In the example, the inlets 102 of different groups of extraction chambers 10 are equally spaced in the first direction Y, or the distances between adjacent inlets 102 can be different; this is not limited.

[0053] The liquid collection unit 1 includes at least three sets of liquid extraction chambers 10, which further ensures the number of sampling points of the device. More sampling points mean higher sampling resolution and more accurate data analysis, which is especially suitable for occasions that require high-precision sampling and analysis.

[0054] The pretreatment unit 2 is divided into n first sealed spaces 20 and at least one second sealed space 21 along the first direction Y. Sampling ports 202 are located in the first sealed spaces 20, while the first control component 201 is housed separately in the second sealed space 21. This separation design ensures the independence between each sampling port 202 and between the sampling port 202 and the first control component 201, avoiding cross-contamination of the water sample during pretreatment. Simultaneously, the sealed space design improves the overall sealing of the collection device, preventing the entry of external impurities and thus ensuring the purity of the collected interstitial water.

[0055] Figure 4 In the example, the pretreatment unit 2 includes a sealing layer 22 and a particle size controllable filter media assembly 23 disposed between the sampling port 202 and the liquid inlet 102; the particle size controllable filter media assembly 23 includes at least two filter layers with different pore sizes; the filter layers are separated from each other to form a filter space 230.

[0056] Referring to Figures 5(a) and 5(b), the sampling port 202 is formed through the sealing layer 22; the sealing layer 22 and the sampling port 202 are respectively provided with sealing slides 221; the sealing slides 221 are controlled by the first control component 201 to close or expose the sampling port 202; the diameter of the sampling port 202 ranges from 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm. In this embodiment, a preferred sealing slide 221 is a square curved surface with a side length of 1 cm, and the sampling port 202 is circular, with the horizontal depth of its center corresponding to the target sampling depth. The sealing slide 221 shown in Figure 5(b) is circular, but the shape of the sealing slide 221 is not limited. In some embodiments, the projection of the sealing slide 221 onto the sampling port 202 (in the second direction X) is rectangular, and the side length of this rectangle in the first direction Y is less than the distance between adjacent sampling ports 202 and greater than the maximum diameter of the sampling port 202. The distance between adjacent sampling ports 202 can be determined according to the actual sampling requirements and is not limited. On the one hand, the sampling ports 202 can be completely closed or opened, and the sealing performance is guaranteed; on the other hand, the step value of the vertical movement of the rectangular blocking slide 221 is easy to set, which simplifies the design difficulty of the first control component 201. It is only necessary to use the length of the blocking slide 221 in the first direction Y as the step value, without having to consider the precise alignment of the edge of the blocking slide 221 with the edge of the sampling port 202. The control difficulty is low and the reliability is good.

[0057] Figure 4 In the example, the filter layer comprises a filter membrane with a fibrillated node structure. The example filter membrane is divided into a first filter membrane 231a with a larger pore size and a second filter membrane 231b with a smaller pore size.

[0058] In this embodiment, the pretreatment unit 2 is attached to the outside of the cylindrical tube (i.e., the housing of the collection unit 5), with three different treatments along the second direction X. Simultaneously, it is divided into six independent sealed spaces along the longitudinal direction (i.e., the first direction Y). The first independent space at the top (i.e., the second sealed space 21) is used to fix the lead screw motor (first control component 201), and the remaining five serve as filtration areas (i.e., the first sealed spaces 20). Laterally, a stainless steel sealing layer 22 and two filter layers constitute a particle size controllable filter media component 23, including a large-particle-size filter screen (first filter membrane 231a) and a small-particle-size filter screen (second filter membrane 231b). The sealing layer 22 is made of stainless steel, and the vertically movable sealing slide 221 is remotely controlled by the lead screw motor. This prevents upper interstitial water or even overlying water from entering the tube during the insertion of the in-situ collection device into the sediment. Specifically, a remote control switch can be connected between the lead screw motor and the power unit 4, and the device can be controlled by a remote control compatible with the switch. The sampling port 202, with an opening of approximately 1 cm, ensures the accuracy of the water sampling position.

[0059] The filter layer in this example can be made of stainless steel, nylon, fiberglass, etc., with a suitable large pore size range of 10-250 μm and a small pore size range of 1-25 μm. The pore size decreases from the outside towards the inside of the collection unit 5. Pretreatment of the water sample before it enters the collection unit 1 is necessary to block most of the sediment, preventing clogging of the subsequent filter assembly 103. In this embodiment, the selection of the suitable large pore size range fully considers the distribution characteristics of particles in the sediment. Compared to the wide setting of conventional filter layer pore sizes, this range more precisely intercepts large particles of gravel and sediment in the sediment, effectively preventing them from entering the inner filter membrane (second filter membrane 231b), thereby reducing the risk of clogging of the second filter membrane 231b and extending its service life. It also ensures that interstitial water can pass smoothly, improving filtration efficiency. The selection of the small pore size range focuses more on the filtration of tiny particles and impurities. Within this pore size range, the filter layer can further intercept fine particles and suspended solids in the sediment, ensuring the purity of the interstitial water. This is especially important for scenarios requiring high-precision water sampling, such as water quality analysis. In the example scenario, the selection of the filter layer pore size is more targeted and precise, better adapting to different sediment types and sampling needs. This not only improves filtration efficiency and reduces the risk of filter membrane damage but also ensures the purity and accuracy of the water sample.

[0060] For example, during the collection of interstitial water from river sediments, the sediments contain a large number of particles of varying sizes, making it difficult for a single-pore size filter layer to completely intercept these particles, resulting in a high level of impurities in the water sample. However, the filter layer used in this embodiment can more effectively intercept both large and small particles, thus obtaining a purer interstitial water sample and providing more accurate and reliable data support for subsequent analysis and testing.

[0061] In this embodiment, the particle size distribution, shape, concentration, and other characteristics of the impurities to be filtered are further analyzed. Different impurities require different pore sizes to achieve optimal filtration. For example, for impurities containing a large number of tiny particles, a filter layer with a small pore size is needed to ensure filtration effectiveness. Furthermore, the setting of the pore size range needs to balance filtration efficiency and flow rate. Smaller pore sizes can improve filtration efficiency due to interception effects, Brownian motion, and electrostatic adsorption, but they also reduce flow rate due to fluid resistance, pressure loss, and susceptibility to clogging. The filtration of the collection device in this embodiment considers: multi-stage filtration using filters with different pore sizes; easy replacement of filter materials to periodically remove accumulated particles and prevent pore clogging, thereby maintaining a high flow rate. Considering the water content of the sediment, the main impurity components of the sediment, and the particle size, a suitable pore size was determined based on actual application requirements, achieving both the required filtration efficiency and the required flow rate. It should be noted that different filter layer materials and structures also affect the choice of pore size. Some materials have better corrosion resistance or higher filtration efficiency, while some structures are more suitable for handling specific types of media. Therefore, this embodiment also considers the influence of material and structure on pore size when selecting the filter layer. In some embodiments, sensors are used to monitor the filter pressure and flow rate, and the pore size is set accordingly to achieve a dynamic balance between filtration efficiency and flow rate. The specific pore size setting is not limited here.

[0062] In use, the example in-situ simple real-time collection device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments is inserted into the sediment. Initially, the collection device is in a sealed state. After the in-situ simple real-time collection device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments sinks to the target position and stabilizes, the lead screw motor is turned on (the first control component 201 starts working). The lead screw motor drives the sealing slide 221 to move upward, the sampling port 202 is opened, and the pump is started. At this time, the interstitial water in the sediment enters the liquid collection unit 1 through the pretreatment unit 2. The liquid in the liquid collection unit 1 is then extracted to complete the interstitial water sampling.

[0063] In the example, the pretreatment unit 2 is further optimized by introducing a sealing layer 22, a particle size controllable filter media assembly 23, and a sealing slider 221, thereby improving the performance and practicality of the interstitial water collection device. Specifically, the sealing layer 22 is added to the pretreatment unit 2 to prevent external impurities or moisture from entering the collection device when it is not in operation or when the sampling port 202 needs to be temporarily closed. The sealing slider 221 is controlled by the first control assembly 201 and can flexibly close or expose the sampling port, and can also control the exposed opening size of the sampling port 202, ensuring precise control of the sampling process. This not only improves the sealing performance of the collection device but also effectively prevents contamination problems caused by improper operation. The introduction of the particle size controllable filter media assembly 23 allows the collection device to adjust the filter pore size as needed, achieving effective interception of particles of different sizes. In the example, the two filter layers with different pore sizes are separated to form a filtration space, which further improves the filtration effect. By adjusting the combination and configuration of the filter layers, the sampling device can adapt to different sampling environments and needs, improving the flexibility and accuracy of sampling. The example's sampling port 202 diameter range (0.8 cm to 1.2 cm) ensures sufficient sample volume while avoiding sampling errors caused by excessively large diameters. Compared to conventional sampling port designs, the example's diameter range is more suitable for interstitial water sampling and can more accurately reflect the true state of interstitial water in sediments.

[0064] Figure 4 In the example, the second filter membrane 231b, with its fibrillated node structure, exhibits excellent filtration performance. This structure, formed by interwoven fiber bundles creating nodes, creates a three-dimensional filtration space with a larger surface area, providing more attachment points for particulate matter and thus improving filtration efficiency and precision. When collecting interstitial water, it more effectively removes impurities, ensuring a purer water sample. The fibrillated node structure also possesses excellent physical and chemical stability, maintaining stable filtration performance under various environmental conditions and is less susceptible to the effects of acids, alkalis, and high temperatures. This stability allows the sampling device to adapt to a wider range of sampling environments, improving its applicability and reliability. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits good permeability and flow performance. Due to its unique structure, water molecules can pass through the filter layer smoothly, while larger particles are effectively intercepted, maintaining a high flow rate during sampling and improving sampling efficiency. The fibrillated node structure also offers a long service life and low maintenance costs. Its excellent filtration performance and stability prevent clogging or damage, reducing the frequency of replacement. Simultaneously, its simple structure makes replacement and maintenance more convenient and quick, lowering operating costs.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 andFigure 6 As shown, sample unit 3 is disposed within collection unit 5, located on the side of collection unit 1 facing penetration part 6; sample unit 3 includes storage rack 31 for fixing and storing multiple sample containers 30; storage rack 31 is connected to the inner wall of collection unit 5 via quick-release structure; sample container 30 is provided with a through-hole cover 301; the output hole of pump suction part 421 is connected to a through-hole cover 301, and the input hole of pump suction part 421 is connected to the extraction port 101 via independent polymer hoses 7; sample containers 30 and extraction chamber 10 are arranged one-to-one; there are at least ten sample containers; the capacity of sample containers is more than fifty milliliters; the polymer hoses 7 in the example are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene hoses, with one end of the hose having an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 15 mm, and the other end having an outer diameter of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm. In some embodiments, the polymer hose 7 may also be a structure with uniform cross-sectional dimensions, or the cross-sectional dimensions of the remaining part are uniform except for the two end interfaces. The hose diameter in the example is adjustable and not limited to a fixed size, and the specific situation is not limited here. Figure 1 The sample collection unit 5 in the example is a tube made of transparent material, which facilitates observation of the sampling process during use. In some embodiments, the sample collection unit 5 is not transparent, or has a different shape; this is not a limitation.

[0066] This embodiment includes a storage rack 31 with the sample unit 3 fixed above the penetration part 6 and sample containers 30 (sampling bottles) with a through-hole (plastic) cap 301. The storage rack 31 has 10 circular grooves with a diameter of 28 mm, and 10 sample containers 30 (sampling bottles) with 50 mL through-hole (plastic) caps 301 are fixed in the circular grooves respectively. The storage rack 31 in this example is set according to the inner diameter of the collection unit 5. The storage rack 31 can be replaced according to different needs. Different storage racks 31 can also be set with different circular grooves to fix sample containers 30 of different sizes, which is not limited here.

[0067] The sampling bottle with a single-hole (plastic) cap 301 in this embodiment ensures a tight seal, preventing spillage of the collected water sample during sampling and reducing water sample loss. In this embodiment, one end of an independent water delivery hose (i.e., a polymer hose 7) is connected to the sampling bottle with the single-hole (plastic) cap 301, and the other end is connected to the outlet (i.e., the output port of the pump suction unit 421) of the multi-hole water pump (automatic pump suction module 42) in the power unit 4. The multi-hole water pump is fixed with screws to a partition inside the collection unit 5; the other end is connected to the extraction chamber 10. In this embodiment, opening the pump valve allows for rapid extraction of interstitial water through suction, enabling the collection of interstitial water in a short time. This not only effectively utilizes external pressure but also leverages the automatic pump suction module 42 inside the collection unit 5. The filtration speed depends on the properties of the sediment and the pump pressure, which is adjustable. The sampling speed is fast and controllable, improving efficiency. In the example scenario, sample container 30 can more directly receive interstitial water samples extracted from the extraction chamber 10, reducing the transmission path and potential contamination points, thereby improving sample purity and collection efficiency. The storage rack 31 is connected to the inner wall of the collection unit 5 using a quick-release structure, making the replacement and cleaning of sample container 30 simple and quick, greatly improving operational efficiency. The quick-release structure also ensures the stability and reliability of the storage rack, preventing sample contamination or loss due to loosening or detachment.

[0068] Figure 6 The sample container 30 in the example is equipped with a through-hole cover 301. The output port of the pump suction unit 421 is connected to the through-hole cover 301, and the input port is connected to the liquid extraction port through independent polymer hoses 7. This ensures the sealing and integrity of the sample during transmission, avoiding cross-contamination and leakage. Meanwhile, the polymer hoses 7 have different cross-sectional dimensions at different locations, particularly with an inner diameter difference of more than 10 mm between the two openings. This design optimizes fluid transmission efficiency, reduces fluid resistance in the pipe, and improves sampling speed.

[0069] Figure 1 The example sample containers 30 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the extraction chambers 10, ensuring that each sample container 30 can receive interstitial water samples from its corresponding extraction chamber 10. This facilitates the accurate tracking and analysis of interstitial water characteristics at different depths or locations. Furthermore, with at least 10 sample containers and a capacity of over 50 ml, a large number of samples can be collected and processed simultaneously, improving sampling efficiency and analytical accuracy.

[0070] Figure 1In the example, the automatic pumping module 42 also includes a flow sensor (not shown) and a second control component (not shown); the flow sensor is communicatively connected to the second control component; the flow sensor is located at the output port of the pumping section 421 for real-time monitoring of the water sample flow rate; the second control component is electrically connected to the drive module 41 to control the start and stop of the pumping. In some embodiments, the flow sensor constitutes a water level monitoring device to monitor the water level in the sampling bottle in real time. Specifically, the probe of the water level monitoring device extends into the sample container 30, located at approximately 80% of the height of the sample container 30. When the water level reaches the height of the probe, the probe triggers a signal to the second control component, the drive module 41 stops outputting, and the pumping stops.

[0071] By introducing a flow sensor and a second control component, the automatic pumping module 42 has been further optimized and enhanced. Specifically, the flow sensor can be placed at the output port of the pumping section 421, enabling real-time monitoring of the water sample flow rate. This not only ensures the accuracy of the sampling process but also provides a reliable foundation for subsequent data analysis and processing. Compared to traditional non-real-time monitoring methods, the introduction of the flow sensor improves the accuracy and reliability of sampling without increasing the complexity of the acquisition device. The communication connection between the flow sensor and the second control component allows for precise control of the pumping start and stop based on the real-time monitored flow data. When the flow rate reaches a preset value, the second control component can automatically stop the pumping, avoiding over-sampling or under-sampling, improving sampling efficiency, reducing human intervention, and lowering operational difficulty and error. The electrical connection between the second control component and the drive module 41 ensures fast and accurate transmission of control signals. The second control component can quickly respond to changes in the flow sensor data and adjust the pumping section 421 in real time, which is particularly beneficial for maintaining stable and efficient sampling performance in complex and changing sampling environments. The example acquisition device can maximize sampling efficiency while ensuring sampling accuracy. Achieving a balance between efficiency and accuracy is crucial for interstitial water sampling devices, especially in applications where large amounts of accurate data need to be acquired quickly.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, the power unit 4 is disposed within the acquisition unit 5, located on the side of the liquid collection unit 1 opposite to the penetrating part 6. The power unit 4 includes a wireless communication module for receiving control signals; the wireless communication module is communicatively connected to the first control component 201; the drive module 41 includes a mobile energy source, specifically a rechargeable mobile power supply, fixed within the acquisition unit 5 on a partition that isolates the space where the liquid collection unit 1 is located. This partition has a groove in which the rechargeable mobile power supply is fixed. The mobile energy source can also be a solar panel; the specific application is not limited here.

[0073] The power unit 4 provides power to the collection unit more directly, reducing energy transfer losses. Simultaneously, positioning the power unit 4 on the opposite side of the liquid collection unit 1 from the penetration section 6 helps maintain the balance and stability of the collection device, preventing tilting or shaking due to center of gravity shift during sampling. Through the wireless communication module, operators can start, stop, and adjust the collection device without direct contact, improving operational convenience and safety. Especially in complex or hazardous sampling environments, remote control significantly reduces operator risk. The mobile power source offers greater flexibility and portability, allowing for energy replacement or replenishment as needed, ensuring continuous and stable operation during long-term or long-distance sampling. Furthermore, the smaller size and weight of the mobile power source reduce the overall burden on the collection device, improve sampling efficiency, and facilitate portability and replacement.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, a handle assembly is provided at the end of the acquisition unit 5 away from the penetration part 6; the handle assembly 8 is fixedly connected to the end of the acquisition unit 5; the handle assembly includes a grip (not shown) and several adjustment rods 8; the grip and the adjustment rods 8 are provided with quick-release structures that cooperate with each other; the length of the adjustment rods 8 ranges from 0.5 meters to 2 meters.

[0075] By introducing a handle assembly and adopting the example adjustment lever 8 design, the operational performance and sampling accuracy of the interstitial water in-situ sampling device are further optimized, improving the convenience and stability of operation, and making it more adaptable to different sampling environments and needs.

[0076] like Figure 7As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for in-situ sampling of interstitial water, using the in-situ sampling device of this embodiment. The steps include: Step S1. Setting sampling parameters; Step S2. Inserting the penetrating part into the sediment to the target location according to the sampling parameters; Step S3. Opening the sampling port, starting the pump, and performing stratified sampling; Step S4. Controlling the sampling progress based on the sampling parameters, and removing and labeling the sample container after sampling. The sampling parameters include the target sampling depth and the target sampling volume. By setting the sampling parameters, compared with methods for obtaining interstitial water from columnar sediments (such as centrifugation and pressure squeezing), sampling can be performed at a specific depth and a specific amount of interstitial water, avoiding destructive sampling of the entire sediment core. By controlling the sampling by opening the sampling port, the clearer overlying water is effectively prevented from entering the sampling port first under external pressure during downward extension. Controlling the sampling progress based on the sampling parameters and removing and labeling the sample container after sampling further improves the accuracy and traceability of the sampling. By precisely controlling the sampling progress, the target sampling volume of each sample container can be ensured to be consistent, thereby improving the comparability between data. Meanwhile, labeling the sample containers helps to distinguish and track different samples in subsequent data analysis.

[0077] In this embodiment, stratified sampling is achieved using the exemplary in-situ interstitial water sampling method. The vertical variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) near the sediment-water interface (SWI) is analyzed based on the sampling results. Figure 8 As shown. The sediment-water interface (SWI) is the interface between the solid and liquid phases of a lake bottom, forming a two-dimensional spatial structure; it is the contact surface between sediment and water. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) refers to molecular oxygen dissolved in water, expressed in milligrams per liter of water (mg·L). -1 DO (Dissolved Organic Carbon) is an indicator used to measure the self-purification capacity of a water body. The distribution and changes of DO in water are influenced by various factors, including biological activity, temperature, salinity, and light. It is found near the sediment-water interface. Figure 8 It can be seen that by using the interstitial water in-situ sampling device and its working method in this embodiment, stratified sampling results were obtained. For experimental analysis, the accurate trend of DO concentration with depth (or distance from the sediment-water interface) can be obtained, thereby confirming the distribution and variation law of DO near the sediment-water interface, as well as the influence of interface characteristics on DO concentration. Figure 8The meso-oxic region represents the portion of the water body with a relatively high DO concentration, which is usually sufficient to support the normal life activities of most aerobic organisms. The anoxic region represents the portion with extremely low or near-zero DO concentration, where the lack of oxygen supports the life activities of some anaerobic microorganisms. To obtain more accurate data on this vertical variation, in-situ sampling devices and their operating methods are particularly important.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] like Figure 9 As shown, the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the pretreatment unit 2 has a first openable sealed chamber door structure 24 on its outer wall; the first openable sealed chamber door structure 24 is used to update the particle size controllable filter media assembly 23.

[0080] Figure 9 The sample acquisition unit 5 is provided with a second openable sealed door structure 51; the second openable sealed door structure 51 includes a plurality of doors that are movably connected to the side wall of the acquisition unit 5; and a sealing ring is provided on the edge of the door.

[0081] Comparison Reference Figure 1 Through the first openable sealed door structure 24, operators can quickly open the door without disassembling the entire pretreatment unit 2 to replace or maintain the particle size controllable filter media assembly 23, further improving the convenience and efficiency of operation and reducing maintenance and time costs. The sealed door structure ensures the airtightness of the pretreatment unit 2 when closed, effectively preventing leakage and contamination of water samples during pretreatment, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the sampling process, which is highly advantageous for applications requiring high sample purity. The first openable sealed door structure 24 also has versatility and compatibility. Due to its standardized design, this structure can adapt to different specifications and models of particle size controllable filter media assemblies 23, providing greater flexibility and choice when updating the filter media. By regularly updating the particle size controllable filter media assembly 23, it can be ensured that the pretreatment unit always maintains good filtration effect and performance, which is particularly beneficial for long-term, continuous sampling work and can effectively avoid sampling quality problems caused by filter media clogging or aging.

[0082] Figure 9 The sample collection unit 5 is tubular in shape; it has several compartments, including a first compartment 511 and a second compartment 512 located on the front and rear sides of the liquid collection unit 1 in the first direction Y. The first compartment 511 can be opened to replace or recharge the portable power source, or to inspect the power unit 4; when sampling is complete, the second compartment 512 can be opened to remove the sample container 30.

[0083] In this embodiment, both the first openable sealing door structure 24 and the second openable sealing door structure 51 adopt a swing door structure. The opening of the door is achieved through planar movement, which has excellent sealing performance. The swing door structure allows the filter material to be directly removed for cleaning or replacement, thus solving the clogging problem in a timely manner; after sampling, opening the swing door at the corresponding position on the tube body allows the sampling bottle on the storage rack to be taken out directly without any other operations, making it more convenient.

[0084] The tubular shape of the sampling unit 5 provides the sampling device with better structural stability and strength. The tubular structure effectively resists external pressure and impact, protecting internal components from damage and enabling stable operation in complex and harsh environments. It also provides operators with a larger operating space, facilitating cleaning, maintenance, and replacement. Simultaneously, the dual-door design enhances the safety of the sampling device, effectively preventing the risk of contamination during sampling. During sampling, operators can choose to open one door as needed, while the other door remains closed to prevent water leakage or the entry of external contaminants.

[0085] Figure 9 In the example scenario, the simple in-situ real-time sampling device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments is suitable for long-term, continuous sampling of interstitial water in sediments. If blockage occurs, simply open the pretreatment unit's compartment door and replace the filter media. When the multi-hole water pump automatically stops sampling, the remote-controlled screw motor moves the sealing slide downwards to seal the sampling port. The compartment door on the tube is then opened, and the sampling bottle with the through-hole (plastic) cap is removed to obtain the water sample. Some embodiments may have more or fewer compartment doors; this is not limited here.

[0086] This embodiment adopts Figure 9 The example collection device provides a method for in-situ collection of interstitial water. The main difference from Embodiment 1 is that, after step S1, the length of the handle assembly is adjusted; step S4 further includes replacing the filter assembly and / or a particle size-controllable filter media assembly. In this embodiment, there are multiple adjusting rods, made of stainless steel, each 1m long. The handle assembly is length-adjusted by the overlapping adjusting rods and the spring pin. In some embodiments, the length of each adjusting rod 8 is not uniform and is not limited.

[0087] The example method for adjusting the length of the handle assembly includes: determining the actual sampling depth based on the length of the acquisition unit in the first direction Y, the spacing between adjacent sampling ports, and the total length of the current adjustment rod; comparing the actual sampling depth with the target sampling depth; and adjusting the length of the handle assembly based on the comparison result.

[0088] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 9In the example scenario, the filter assembly 103 can be replaced during sampling as needed to filter particles of different sizes. This design increases the flexibility and controllability of the sampling process, ensuring that the collected interstitial water samples meet research requirements. If the study requires analysis of particles of different sizes in the interstitial water, this can be achieved by replacing the filter assembly 103 with one of different pore sizes. For example, in the initial sampling stage, a filter assembly 103 with a larger pore size can be used to obtain more information; while in the subsequent analysis stage, a filter assembly 103 with a smaller pore size can be used to obtain more accurate data. The particle size-controllable filter media assembly 23 can adjust its pore size according to actual needs, thereby achieving precise filtration of particles of different sizes. For example, when analyzing tiny particles in interstitial water, the pore size of the filter media can be reduced to improve filtration accuracy; while when more information needs to be obtained, the pore size of the filter media can be increased to improve sampling efficiency. By adjusting the length of the handle assembly, replacing the filter assembly 103 and / or the particle size-controllable filter media assembly 23, the flexibility and controllability of the sampling process are improved, enabling the device to adapt to a wider range of sampling scenarios and research needs.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 is that the penetrating part 6 is fixedly connected to the end of the acquisition unit 5 via a quick-release structure. The penetrating part 6 in this example is made of one or more of high-strength corrosion-resistant alloy materials, self-lubricating materials, and wear-resistant composite materials. The surface structure of the penetrating part 6 includes one or more of the following: conical, spiral, multi-bladed, and flattened expanding types. Figure 1 or Figure 9 As shown, the tip of the specific penetrating part 6 is conical and made of stainless steel, which facilitates the insertion of the sampling device into the sediment.

[0091] In the example scenario, multiple penetrating sections 6 are configured. Compared to designs where the penetrating section 6 is not detachably connected to the collection unit 5 or is integrally formed, the quick-release structure allows for a fixed connection, enabling adjustment or replacement of the penetrating section 6. This improves the effectiveness of the collection device in diverse application scenarios. Specifically, high-strength corrosion-resistant alloy materials effectively resist corrosive substances in water samples, extending the service life of the penetrating section 6. Self-lubricating materials and wear-resistant composite materials reduce the frictional resistance of the penetrating section when penetrating media such as soil or rock, reducing energy consumption and wear, and improving sampling efficiency. The selection of surface structures such as conical, spiral, multi-bladed, and flat-expanding types allows the penetrating section to be flexibly adjusted according to different sampling requirements and media characteristics. For example, a conical structure is suitable for softer media, while a spiral structure is more suitable for hard strata requiring deep penetration. By configuring and using the penetrating section 6, the collection device has greater adaptability and flexibility during sampling, not only improving assembly and disassembly efficiency but also enhancing the durability and reliability of the penetrating section. The material of the penetrating section 6 can be high-strength stainless steel, titanium alloy, silicon carbide composite materials, etc., without specific limitations.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, the example of a simple, in-situ real-time collection device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments is specifically designed for on-site in-situ interstitial water collection. The power unit of the collection device is equipped with a high-efficiency pump system, which significantly increases the speed compared to traditional capillary suction methods, substantially shortening sampling time and reducing costs. Once the collection device is stably inserted into the sediment, the sealing slide 221 of the pretreatment unit 2 moves upward via remote control, exposing the sampling port. This allows for accurate collection of interstitial water while cleverly preventing the introduction of upper interstitial water or overlying water into the tube during insertion. Under the pump's suction, the interstitial water at the target location smoothly permeates into the collection unit, while large particles of gravel and most sediment in the sediment are effectively blocked. This not only reduces the risk of clogging and damage to the inner PTFE filter membrane but also ensures the purity of the water sample. The PTFE filter membrane, with its unique nodal fibrillation, high filtration efficiency (up to 99.99%), low operating resistance, fast filtration speed, and long lifespan with reusability, provides strong support for the efficient operation of the device. The example of a simple, in-situ real-time sampling device for interstitial water in river and lake sediments provides a practical solution for real-time in-situ sampling of interstitial water in river and lake sediments, thanks to its accurate sampling, efficient filtration, and convenient operation.

[0093] As demonstrated by the above embodiments, the example interstitial water collection device generates negative pressure through automatic pumping technology, rapidly extracting interstitial water from the sediment, significantly shortening the sampling time. Simultaneously, the automatic pumping system can monitor the sample content within the test tube in real time, automatically stopping once full, making operation simple and efficient. A novel polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membrane is used, boasting a filtration efficiency of up to 99.99%, achieving near-zero emissions and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, this filter membrane exhibits low operating resistance and rapid filtration, greatly improving sampling efficiency. It also has a long service life and is reusable, reducing operating costs. Staggering the sampling ports at different depths at different horizontal positions not only ensures that upper and lower layers do not interfere with each other but also guarantees sampling accuracy and minimizes disturbance to the sediment. Fully sealed doors are installed in both the tube body and the pretreatment unit, allowing operators to directly replace full sample containers and clogged filter layers, facilitating operation and enabling multiple sampling, thus improving sampling efficiency.

[0094] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A device for in-situ collection of interstitial water, characterized in that, include: Liquid collection unit, pretreatment unit, sample unit, power unit, and acquisition unit; The acquisition unit is provided with a penetrating part at one end; the penetrating part is used to insert sediment along a first direction. The liquid collection unit is disposed within the collection unit and includes multiple liquid extraction chambers distributed along the first direction; The liquid extraction chamber is equipped with a liquid extraction port and a liquid inlet. The pretreatment unit is disposed on the outer wall of the acquisition unit and includes a first control component, a sampling port corresponding to the liquid inlet, a particle size controllable filter media component disposed between the sampling port and the liquid inlet, and a sealing layer extending on the outer surface of the sampling port. The sampling port is located on the side wall and communicates with the liquid inlet. The sealing layer has a through opening corresponding to the sampling port, and a sealing slide controlled by the first control component is disposed at the opening. The projection of the sealing slide on the sampling port is rectangular, and the side length of the rectangle in the first direction is less than the distance between adjacent sampling ports and greater than the maximum diameter of the sampling port. The first control component controls the opening size by controlling the up and down movement of the sealing slide, so as to control the opening and closing of the sampling port and accurately control the sampling flow rate. The pretreatment unit is divided into multiple first sealed spaces and at least one second sealed space along the first direction. The sampling port is disposed in the first sealed space, and the first control component is housed in the second sealed space. The outer wall of the pretreatment unit is provided with a first openable sealed chamber door structure. The first openable sealed chamber door structure is used to update the particle size controllable filter media component. The collection unit is provided with a second openable sealed chamber door structure; the second openable sealed chamber door structure includes a plurality of chamber doors that are movably connected to the side wall of the collection unit; the edge of the chamber door is provided with a sealing ring; the collection unit is tubular; the plurality of chamber doors include a first chamber door and a second chamber door located on the front and rear sides of the liquid collection unit in the first direction; The sample unit is disposed within the collection unit and includes multiple sample containers corresponding to the liquid extraction chamber; The power unit includes a drive module and an automatic pumping module; the output end of the drive module is connected to the automatic pumping module and the first control component respectively. The automatic pumping module includes multiple sets of pumping sections that are isolated from each other; the output port of the pumping section is connected to the sample container, and the input port of the pumping section is connected to the liquid extraction port.

2. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet is equipped with a filter assembly; The projected area of ​​the filter assembly at the liquid inlet is larger than the area of ​​the opening region of the liquid inlet. The filtration assembly includes a polymer separation membrane with a three-dimensional curved surface structure; The filter assembly is fixedly connected to the side of the liquid inlet facing the sampling port via a quick-release structure; The polymer separation membrane includes one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, polyethersulfone membrane, nylon membrane, and polyvinylidene fluoride membrane; the filtration pore size of the filtration assembly ranges from 0.22 micrometers to 1 micrometer.

3. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two of the liquid extraction chambers are grouped together, and the distance between the liquid inlet of the liquid extraction chambers in different groups and the penetrating portion is different in the first direction; The liquid collection unit includes at least n sets of the liquid extraction chambers, where n≥3; The pretreatment unit is divided into n first sealed spaces along the first direction; The particle size controllable filter media assembly includes at least two filter layers with different pore sizes; the filter layers are separated from each other to form a filter space. The diameter of the sampling port ranges from 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm.

4. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter layer includes a filter membrane with a fibrillated node structure; the filter membrane includes a first filter membrane with a larger pore size and a second filter membrane with a smaller pore size; the pore size of the first filter membrane ranges from 10 micrometers to 250 micrometers, and the pore size of the second filter membrane ranges from 1 micrometer to 25 micrometers.

5. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample unit is located on the side of the liquid collection unit facing the penetrating portion; The sample unit includes a storage rack for fixing and storing the plurality of sample containers; the storage rack is connected to the inner wall of the collection unit via a quick-release structure; The sample container is provided with a through-hole cover; The output port of the pump suction unit and the through-hole cover, and the input port of the pump suction unit and the liquid extraction port are respectively connected through independent polymer hoses; The sample containers are provided one-to-one with the liquid extraction chambers; there are at least ten sample containers; the capacity of each sample container is more than fifty milliliters. The polymer hose has different cross-sectional dimensions at different locations, and the difference in the inner diameter of the openings at both ends of the polymer hose is more than ten millimeters. The automatic pump suction module also includes a flow sensor and a second control component; the flow sensor is communicatively connected to the second control component; the flow sensor is located at the output port of the pump suction section and is used to monitor the flow rate of the water sample in real time; the second control component is electrically connected to the drive module and controls the start and stop of the pump suction. The power unit is disposed within the collection unit and is located on the side of the liquid collection unit away from the penetrating part. The power unit includes a wireless communication module for receiving control signals; the wireless communication module is communicatively connected to the first control component; the drive module includes a mobile energy source.

6. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The penetrating part is fixedly connected to the end of the acquisition unit via a quick-release structure; the penetrating part is made of one or more of high-strength corrosion-resistant alloy materials, self-lubricating materials, and wear-resistant composite materials; the surface structure of the penetrating part includes one or more of conical, spiral, multi-bladed crushing, and flat enlarging types.

7. The in-situ interstitial water collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes a handle assembly; the handle assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the penetrating part of the acquisition unit; the handle assembly includes a grip and several adjusting rods; the grip and the adjusting rods are provided with a quick-release structure that cooperates with each other; the length of the adjusting rods ranges from 0.5 meters to 2 meters.

8. A method for in-situ collection of interstitial water, characterized in that, The sampling is performed using the in-situ interstitial water sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the method includes: step S1. setting sampling parameters; step S2. inserting the penetrating part into the sediment to the target position according to the sampling parameters; step S3. controlling the opening size and the opening and closing degree of the sampling port by controlling the up and down movement of the sealing slide based on the first control component, starting the pump suction, and performing stratified sampling to accurately control the sampling flow rate; step S4. controlling the sampling progress based on the sampling parameters, and opening the second chamber door after sampling to remove and label the sample container; wherein the sampling parameters include the target sampling depth and the target sampling volume.

9. A method for in-situ collection of interstitial water, characterized in that, The method employs the in-situ interstitial water sampling device as described in claim 7; the method includes: step S1. setting sampling parameters; step S2. inserting the penetrating part into the sediment to the target position according to the sampling parameters; step S3. controlling the opening size and the opening and closing degree of the sampling port by controlling the up and down movement of the sealing slide based on the first control component, starting the pump suction, and performing stratified sampling to accurately control the sampling flow rate; step S4. controlling the sampling progress based on the sampling parameters, and opening the second chamber door to remove and label the sample container after sampling is completed; wherein the sampling parameters include the target sampling depth and the target sampling volume; after step S1, the following is performed: adjusting the length of the handle assembly; step S4 also includes opening the first openable sealing chamber door structure and replacing the filter assembly and / or the particle size controllable filter media assembly.

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