A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation structure and cultivation method for mountain cassava

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation structure and method for mountain cassava, and belongs to the field of planting. The cultivation method includes land preparation, variety selection, planting, bud direction selection, stem determination and harvesting. The method takes seed stem selection, increasing the number of plants, determining the planting bud direction and saving planting costs as the entry points, and gives full play to the characteristics that the morphological upper end of the plant is easy to grow buds, while the morphological lower end is easy to grow roots; the seed stem length is appropriately longer than that of traditional planting, and the nutrients and water stored in the seed stem can safely survive the short drought before the rainy season, overcome the problem of drought in the key growth period of mountain cassava, enhance the drought resistance of cassava seed stems, increase the yield per unit area of ​​cassava, and is easy to harvest, with significant effects of increasing production and income. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, quick to take effect, considerable benefits, and suitable for promotion. Planting cassava in mountainous areas achieves the effect of taking measures according to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and improving the comprehensive prevention and control of soil erosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of planting, and in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency mountain cassava cultivation structure and a cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant of the genus Manihot Miller in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is one of the three major tuber crops in the world along with potatoes and sweet potatoes. It is a high-quality feed for livestock and fish, and is also recognized worldwide as a renewable energy crop with great development potential. It is known as the "underground granary, the king of starch, and a special crop". Cassava is mainly grown in mountainous and sloping areas in my country, without irrigation conditions, and is mostly rain-fed agriculture.

[0003] At present, although cassava has the characteristics of drought resistance and thick growth, it is still affected by extreme climate, drought in the key growth period, delayed planting time, and drought resistance is not fully utilized, which still leads to reduced cassava yield and continuously reduced planting benefits. Therefore, it is urgent to explore and summarize high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation methods suitable for mountain cassava, so as to improve production efficiency and promote the increase of production, income and efficiency of the cassava industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation structure and method for mountain cassava. The method takes seed stem selection, increasing the number of planted plants, determining the planting bud direction, and saving planting costs as entry points, thereby enhancing the drought resistance of cassava, increasing the yield per unit area of ​​cassava, and facilitating harvesting, with significant effects of increasing production and income.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a high-yield and high-efficiency mountain cassava cultivation structure, in which no less than one plant is planted in each hole, and the plants in each hole are planted in a non-parallel manner.

[0006] Preferably, 3 plants are planted in each hole and planted in a flat or oblique manner;

[0007] When planting horizontally, place them in a triangle shape; when planting at an angle, insert them into the soil at an angle like a tripod.

[0008] Preferably, when the seeds are planted horizontally, the buds of the seeds are opposite to each other, the roots are opposite to each other, the tops are 0.20m apart, and the spacing between rows and plants is 1.00m×2.00m;

[0009] The lower end of the oblique planting stems is 45°~60°, the distance between the tops of the stems is 0.30m, the row spacing is 1.00m×2.00m, and the oblique cut between the two buds at the bottom of each stem has an inclination of 30°~45°.

[0010] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for mountain cassava comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Land preparation

[0012] According to the slope of the mountain, the land is trimmed into machine-cultivated landforms, terraces or contour cultivated landforms. During land preparation, 1000kg to 1500kg of organic fertilizer and 20kg to 30kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O are applied per mu.

[0013] S2. Variety selection

[0014] Choose early-maturing cassava varieties that are upright, have no branches or high branches, and have vertically elongated tubers and concentrated tubers. The seed stem is mainly the lower part of the mature main stem, about 0.20m long.

[0015] S3. Planting

[0016] Before summer, cassava should be planted with at least one plant per hole. Before sowing, soak the seed stems for 5 to 10 minutes after mixing 1,500 times of 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2,000 times of 5.7% emamectin benzoate water dispersible granules.

[0017] When planting, each hole is planted flat or obliquely:

[0018] Preferably, when planted horizontally, the buds of the seed stems are opposite to each other, the roots are facing away from each other, and the tops are 0.20m apart; the row spacing for horizontal planting is 1.00m×2.00m, and 3 seed stems are placed in a triangular shape in each hole, and covered with 0.05m to 0.08m of soil.

[0019] Preferably, the lower end of the oblique planting stem is 45° to 60°, and the tops of the stems are 0.30m apart. The oblique planting row spacing is 1.00m×2.00m, and the three stems are obliquely inserted into the soil in the form of a tripod, with each stem leaving 1 to 2 buds exposed to the surface soil.

[0020] Preferably, the oblique planting is performed by cutting obliquely between two buds at the lower part of each stem section, and the incision has an inclination of 30° to 45°.

[0021] S4. Thinning and fixing

[0022] After the seedlings emerge, thinning and fixing should be done in the afternoon. Weak and diseased seedlings should be removed from the germination site of the seed stem, leaving one strong seedling on each seed stem.

[0023] S5. Harvesting

[0024] When the cassava is mature, the above-ground seed stems are cut off and the cassava tubers are harvested.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) The method of the present invention takes the selection of seed stems, increase of the number of planted plants, determination of bud direction, and saving of planting costs as the entry points, adopts the technical scheme of 1.00m×2.00m plant spacing and 3 plants per hole, which makes full use of land resources, reduces water evaporation in the early stage of cassava growth, enhances the drought resistance of cassava in the early stage of growth, and effectively solves the problem of low yield of existing cultivation methods. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, quick in effect, and has considerable benefits, and is suitable for promotion.

[0027] (2) The present invention effectively solves the problem that the farming conditions in mountainous areas are poor and the traditional farming methods are inefficient and prone to soil erosion. It can mobilize the enthusiasm of potato farmers to plant cassava in mountainous areas, achieve the effect of adapting measures to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and improving the comprehensive prevention and control of soil erosion.

[0028] (3) The present invention selects the lower section of the fully mature main stem as the seed stem, which has a strong germination ability, sprouts thickly and neatly, and has a significant effect on increasing the number of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per plant.

[0029] (4) The present invention selects a seed stem length that is appropriately longer than that of traditional planting. The nutrients and water stored in the seed stem can safely survive the short drought before the rainy season, thereby overcoming the problem of drought during the critical growth period of mountain cassava and enhancing the drought resistance of the cassava seed stem.

[0030] (5) The present invention performs a seed stem soaking treatment with a chemical agent before planting, which can not only significantly reduce the insect pest rate, but also significantly increase the cassava emergence rate and yield.

[0031] (6) The present invention gives full play to the characteristics that the morphological upper end of the plant is easy to grow sprouts, while the morphological lower end is easy to grow roots. The bud direction of cassava planting increases the ventilation and light transmission capacity of the microenvironment in the planting area, is beneficial to the photosynthetic effect of the group, improves the marginal effect of a single plant and is conducive to harvesting, laying a foundation for increasing production, saving costs and increasing efficiency of cassava production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the flat planting method of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of oblique planting according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The materials or equipment used without indicating the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0035] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation structure for mountain cassava, in which at least one plant is planted in each hole, and the plants in each hole are planted in a non-parallel manner.

[0036] Specifically, 3 plants are planted in each hole and planted in a flat or oblique manner;

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the plants are laid flat to form a triangle shape; Figure 2 As shown, the oblique planting is carried out in the soil in the shape of a tripod.

[0038] When planting horizontally, the buds of the seed stems are opposite to each other, the roots are opposite to each other, the tops are 0.20m apart, and the spacing between rows and plants is 1.00m×2.00m;

[0039] When planting obliquely, the lower end of the stem is at 45°~60°, the distance between the tops of the stems is 0.30m, the row spacing is 1.00m×2.00m, and the two buds at the bottom of each stem are cut obliquely, with an incision inclination of 30°~45°.

[0040] See attached Figures 1-2 A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of mountain cassava is shown, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Land preparation

[0042] Land preparation is carried out according to different terrains, and attention should be paid to soil and water conservation when reclaiming land in forest mountainous areas.

[0043] For mountainous areas with a slope greater than 15°, it is preferred to open terraces or cultivate them at contour heights; for barren slopes and grasslands, full cultivation, strip cultivation or no-tillage should be carried out 2 to 3 months before planting; for relatively gentle slopes with a slope of less than 10°, mechanized cultivation can be used; for hilly and mountainous areas, animal cultivation, no-tillage cultivation or ring mountain cultivation should be used. This application can achieve the effect of improving the comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss after planting cassava in mountainous areas.

[0044] During land preparation, apply 1 000kg to 1 500kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 30%) and 20kg to 30kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (15-15-15) per mu, then till the soil, break up soil clods and remove debris.

[0045] S2. Variety selection

[0046] Select early-maturing cassava varieties that are upright, without branches or with high branches, and with vertically elongated tubers and concentrated tubers. Select the lower section of the fully mature main stem as the seed stem, which has strong germination ability, strong and neat sprouts, and has a significant effect on increasing the number of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per plant. In addition, the length of the selected seed stem is appropriately longer than that of traditional planting. The nutrients and water stored in the seed stem can safely survive the short drought before the rainy season, overcoming the problem of drought during the critical growth period of mountain cassava and enhancing the drought resistance of cassava seed stems.

[0047] S3. Planting

[0048] Before summer, such as mid-to-late April, cassava should be planted with no less than one plant per hole, and planted in a flat or oblique manner. The seed stem is mainly the lower part of the mature main stem, and the length is preferably about 0.20m. Before sowing, soak the seed stems for 5 to 10 minutes after mixing 1500 times of 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2000 times of 5.7% emamectin benzoate water dispersible granules. Soaking the seed stems in the agent before planting can not only significantly reduce the insect pest rate, but also significantly increase the cassava emergence rate and yield.

[0049] When planting horizontally, the buds of the seed stems are opposite to each other, the roots are opposite to each other, and the distance between the tops is 0.20m. The row spacing of horizontal planting is 1.00m×2.00m, and 3 seed stems are placed in each hole in a triangular shape, and covered with 0.05m~0.08m of soil.

[0050] The lower end of the seed stems for oblique planting is 45° to 60°, and the distance between the tops of the seed stems is 0.30m. The row spacing for oblique planting is 1.00m×2.00m, and 3 seed stems are obliquely inserted into the soil in the form of a tripod, with 1 to 2 buds on each seed stem exposed to the surface soil. When oblique planting, the two buds at the bottom of each seed stem are cut obliquely, with an incision angle of 30° to 45°. The incision should be flat and avoid tearing.

[0051] The above planting method takes advantage of the morphological characteristics of the plant, that is, it is easy to grow sprouts at the upper end and easy to grow roots at the lower end. Determining the sprout direction of cassava planting increases the ventilation and light transmission capacity of the microenvironment in the planting area, is beneficial to the photosynthetic effect of the group, improves the marginal effect of a single plant and is conducive to harvesting, laying a foundation for increasing production, saving costs and increasing efficiency of cassava production.

[0052] The technical solution of planting 3 plants in each hole during planting in the present application makes full use of land resources, reduces water evaporation in the early stage of cassava growth, enhances the drought resistance of cassava in the early stage of growth, and effectively solves the problem of low yield of existing cultivation methods.

[0053] S4. Thinning and fixing

[0054] After the seedlings emerge, thinning and fixing should be carried out in time (such as 0.15m-0.20m). Thinning and fixing should be carried out preferably in the afternoon. Remove weak and diseased seedlings from the germination site of the seed stem. Do not tear or loosen the cassava seed stem. Leave one strong seedling on each seed stem and three strong seedlings in each hole.

[0055] S5. Harvesting

[0056] When cassava matures, from December of that year to February of the following year, the above-ground seed stems are cut off and the cassava tubers are harvested manually, by force or mechanically.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of mountain cassava of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. Land preparation:

[0060] Based on the terrain, no-till holes are dug around the mountain at contour levels, and base fertilizer is applied in the holes. 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 30%) and 25 kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (15-15-15) are applied per mu.

[0061] S2. Variety selection:

[0062] The cassava variety selected was Huanan 205, with the lower part of the mature main stem as the main part; the seed stem length was 0.20m.

[0063] S3. Planting

[0064] Before sowing, mix 1,500 times diluted 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2,000 times diluted 5.7% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules and soak the seed stems for 7 minutes.

[0065] Cassava is planted in mid-April, with a row spacing of 1.00m×2.00m and three seed stems placed in each hole in a triangle shape, covered with 0.06m of soil. Cassava is planted early in time to ensure its rapid growth in the summer when rain and heat coexist, and to promote the formation and expansion of tubers; attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and reasonable topdressing.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the three seed stems arranged in a triangular shape have their buds facing each other, their roots facing away from each other, and the distance between their tops is 0.20m.

[0067] S4. Thinning and fixing

[0068] 30 days after planting, the cassava seedlings are 0.16m tall. Choose the afternoon to thin out the seedlings and fix the stems, remove the weak ones and keep the strong ones, leaving one strong seedling on each seed stem and three strong seedlings in each hole.

[0069] S5. Harvesting

[0070] Eight months after planting, cut off the above-ground stems and keep them as seed stems, and then harvest the cassava tubers manually. Pay attention to choosing sunny weather to harvest cassava; in areas with frost, harvest cassava before frost, and the cassava yield per mu after harvesting reaches 3924.27kg.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of mountain cassava of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1. Land preparation

[0074] According to the terrain, the land was mechanically plowed and harrowed according to the contour lines, and base fertilizer was applied. 1500kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥30%) and 30kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (15-15-15) were applied per mu.

[0075] S2. Variety selection

[0076] The cassava variety selected is Yunreshu No. 1, which is mainly based on the lower part of the mature main stem; the seed stem length is 0.20m.

[0077] S3. Planting

[0078] Before sowing, mix 1,500 times diluted 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2,000 times diluted 5.7% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules and soak the seed stems for 10 minutes.

[0079] Cassava is planted in late April, with a row spacing of 1.00m×2.00m on plowed land. Three seed stems are inserted obliquely into the soil in the form of a tripod, with 1 to 2 buds on each stem exposed to the surface soil. Cassava should be planted early to ensure rapid growth in the summer when rain and heat coexist, and to promote the formation and expansion of tubers; attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and reasonable topdressing.

[0080] For obliquely planted seed stems, make an oblique cut between the two buds at the bottom of each stem. The incision should be inclined at 35° so that the perimeter of the incision is relatively long to increase the number of roots and tubers. The incision should be smooth and avoid tearing.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, in the oblique planting method, the lower ends of the three seed stems are inserted into the soil at an angle of 50°, and the distance between the top ends of the seed stems is 0.30m.

[0082] S4. Thinning and fixing

[0083] 30 days after planting, the cassava seedlings are 0.18m tall. Choose the afternoon to thin out the seedlings and fix the stems, remove the weak ones and keep the strong ones, leaving one strong seedling on each seed stem and three strong seedlings in each hole.

[0084] S5. Harvesting

[0085] Eight months after planting, the above-ground stems are cut off and used as seed stems, and then the cassava tubers are harvested manually. Pay attention to choosing sunny weather to harvest cassava; in areas with frost, cassava is harvested before frost. After harvesting, the cassava yield per mu reaches 4286.35kg.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of mountain cassava of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0088] S1. Land preparation

[0089] In hilly and mountainous areas, use animal plowing or manual hoeing to plow the land to a depth of 0.3m, apply base fertilizer, 1,200kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 30%) and 20kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (15-15-15) per mu.

[0090] S2. Variety selection

[0091] The cassava variety selected was Huanan 124, with the lower section of the mature main stem as the main component; the seed stem length was 0.20m.

[0092] S3. Planting

[0093] Before sowing, soak the seed stems in a mixture of 1,500 times diluted 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2,000 times diluted 5.7% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules for 8 minutes.

[0094] Cassava is planted in late April, with a row spacing of 1.00m×2.00m and three seed stems placed in each hole in a triangle shape, covered with 0.07m of soil. Cassava is planted early in time to ensure its rapid growth in the summer when rain and heat coexist, and to promote the formation and expansion of tubers; attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and reasonable topdressing.

[0095] like Figure 1 As shown, the three seed stems arranged in a triangular shape have their buds facing each other, their roots facing away from each other, and the distance between their tops is 0.20m.

[0096] S4. Thinning and fixing

[0097] 30 days after planting, the cassava seedlings are 0.18m tall. Choose the afternoon to thin out the seedlings and fix the stems, remove the weak ones and keep the strong ones, leaving one strong seedling on each seed stem and three strong seedlings in each hole.

[0098] S5. Harvesting

[0099] Eight months after planting, the above-ground stems are cut off and used as seed stems, and then the cassava tubers are harvested manually. Pay attention to choosing sunny weather to harvest cassava; in areas with frost, cassava is harvested before frost. After harvesting, the cassava yield per mu reaches 4162.22 kg.

[0100] The results of multi-point tests show that the average fresh potato yield per hectare is 61,864.25 kg, which is 9,129.56 kg more fresh potatoes than the traditional planting model. Calculated at the market price of 0.80 yuan / kg, the added output value is 7,303.65 yuan. After deducting the cost of planting an additional 2,500 cassava plants per hectare, the additional income is 6,283.96 yuan.

[0101] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for mountain cassava. The method takes seed stem selection, increasing the number of planted plants, determining the planting bud direction, and saving planting costs as the entry points, enhances the drought resistance of cassava, improves the yield per unit area of ​​cassava, and is easy to harvest, with significant effects of increasing production and income. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, quick to take effect, and has considerable benefits, and is suitable for promotion. Planting cassava in mountainous areas achieves the effect of taking measures according to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and improving the comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss.

[0102] The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for mountain cassava, characterized in that: Plant 3 plants per hole and plant them horizontally or diagonally; When planting horizontally, they should be placed in a triangle shape; when planting obliquely, they should be inserted obliquely into the soil like a tripod. When planting horizontally, the buds of the seeds should face each other, the roots should face each other, the tops should be 0.20m apart, and the spacing between rows and plants should be 1.00m×2.00m. The lower end of the oblique planting stems is 45°~60°, the distance between the tops of the stems is 0.30m, the row spacing is 1.00m×2.00m, and the oblique cut between the two buds at the bottom of each stem has an inclination of 30°~45°.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Land preparation According to the slope of the mountain, the land is trimmed into machine-cultivated shapes, terraces or contour cultivated landforms; S2. Variety selection Choose early-maturing cassava varieties that are upright, have no branches or high branches, and have vertically elongated tubers and concentrated tubers; S3. Planting Cassava is planted 3 plants per hole before summer; S4. Thinning and fixing After the seedlings emerge, thin out the seedlings and fix the stems in time, remove weak and diseased seedlings, and leave one strong seedling on each seed stem; S5. Harvesting When the cassava is mature, the above-ground seed stems are cut off and the cassava tubers are harvested.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, 1,000 to 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer and 20 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O are applied per mu during land preparation.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, Before sowing, soak the seed stems in a mixture of 1,500 times diluted 40% acetamiprid soluble powder and 2,000 times diluted 5.7% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules for 5 to 10 minutes.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When planting horizontally, cover each hole with 0.05 m to 0.08 m of soil; When planting obliquely, leave 1 to 2 buds on each stem, exposing the surface soil.

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