A method for repairing a grassland saline-alkali spot and soil of the grassland saline-alkali spot by using plant material

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for restoring saline-alkali patches and soil in grasslands using plant materials. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil includes the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, then tilling, then applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and finally laying plant materials. This invention has the advantages of simple construction and low cost, and is a green and sustainable approach that enables the recycling of waste resources. This invention establishes a near-natural restoration method for saline-alkali patches in degraded meadow grasslands, which has significant practical implications for improving grassland productivity, improving the grassland ecological environment, and promoting the healthy development of the grassland industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, specifically to the field of land preparation in agriculture or forestry, and relates to a method for restoring saline-alkali patches in grasslands and soil in grasslands using plant materials. Background Technology

[0002] Grassland saline-alkali patches are patchy areas of vegetation degradation, resulting from excessive accumulation of soil salinity in grassland ecosystems. They are a significant type of grassland degradation. Causes include: arid climates with high evaporation rates, leading to the accumulation of underground salts on the surface; waterlogging in low-lying areas, leaving salt residue after evaporation; and high groundwater mineralization, which introduces large amounts of salt when replenishing the soil, thus contributing to the formation of saline-alkali patches.

[0003] Currently, the treatment of saline-alkali patches mainly adopts methods such as irrigation and drainage to wash away salt, transplanting, covering with topsoil, and chemical improvement, but these methods generally suffer from high costs, complex procedures, and difficulty in implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for restoring saline-alkali patches in grasslands and saline-alkali soil using plant materials.

[0005] This invention provides a method for remediating saline-alkali soil patches, comprising the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, then tilling, then applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and finally laying plant material. This remediation method can be used to directly remediate saline-alkali soil patches. It can also be used to remediate saline-alkali soil patches obtained from saline-alkali soil patches, and the remediated soil can be transplanted to other plots. Furthermore, this method can be used to remediate saline-alkali soil patches on plots that have already received transplanted saline-alkali soil patches.

[0006] The plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: it is laid in two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patch being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is cut into 3cm sections, with 2000g of fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is uncut forage grass, with 550g of fresh weight per square meter.

[0007] The plant material is fallen leaves; the thickness of the layer is 2-3 cm.

[0008] The plant material is straw mat; the thickness of the mat is 2-3cm.

[0009] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil patches are manifested in: increasing the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches and / or increasing the coverage and / or increasing the density of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches.

[0010] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil patches are manifested in the following ways: compared with before remediation, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches is increased and / or the coverage and / or the density of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches are increased.

[0011] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: two months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 3 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 8% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 5 plants / m². 2 above.

[0012] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: two months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 5 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 10% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 5 plants / m². 2 above.

[0013] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: two months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 5 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 10% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 6 plants / m². 2 above.

[0014] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 18 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 30% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 8 plants / m². 2 above.

[0015] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil patches are manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 58 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 70% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 21 plants / m². 2 above.

[0016] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil patches are manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 63 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 80% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 22 plants / m². 2 above.

[0017] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: 11 months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 55 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage reaches 55% or more, and / or the plant community density reaches 15 plants / m².2 above.

[0018] The remediation effect on saline-alkali soil patches is manifested as follows: 11 months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 58-63 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage reaches 58-62% or more, and / or the plant community density reaches 19-21 plants / m². 2 above.

[0019] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil are manifested in: reducing the pH value of saline-alkali soil and / or reducing the electrical conductivity of saline-alkali soil and / or reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content of saline-alkali soil and / or increasing the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil.

[0020] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali soil patches are manifested in the following ways: compared with before remediation, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil patches are reduced and / or the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil patches are reduced and / or the exchangeable sodium ion content of the saline-alkali soil patches are reduced and / or the total nitrogen content of the saline-alkali soil patches are increased.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for remediating saline-alkali patches, comprising the following steps: applying organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali patch soil, followed by tilling, then applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and finally laying plant material. This remediation method is used to directly remediate saline-alkali patch soil on the saline-alkali patch itself.

[0022] The plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: it is laid in two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patch being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is cut into 3cm sections, with 2000g of fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is uncut forage grass, with 550g of fresh weight per square meter.

[0023] The plant material is fallen leaves; the thickness of the layer is 2-3 cm.

[0024] The plant material is straw mat; the thickness of the mat is 2-3cm.

[0025] The effects of repairing saline-alkali patches are manifested in: increasing the height of plant communities on saline-alkali patches and / or increasing the coverage and / or increasing the density of plant communities on saline-alkali patches.

[0026] The effect of restoring saline-alkali patches is manifested in the following ways: compared with before restoration, the height of plant communities on the saline-alkali patches is increased and / or the coverage and / or the density of plant communities on the saline-alkali patches are increased.

[0027] The effect of the restoration of saline-alkali patches is reflected in the following: two months after the completion of the laying of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 3 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 8% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 5 plants / m². 2 above.

[0028] The effect of the restoration of saline-alkali patches is reflected in the following: two months after the completion of the planting material laying, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 5 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 10% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 5 plants / m². 2 above.

[0029] The effect of the treatment on saline-alkali patches is reflected in the following: two months after the plant material is laid, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 5 cm and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches more than 10% and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 6 plants / m². 2 above.

[0030] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 18 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 30% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 8 plants / m². 2 above.

[0031] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 58 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 70% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 21 plants / m². 2 above.

[0032] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested as follows: one year after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 63 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 80% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 22 plants / m². 2 above.

[0033] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested as follows: 11 months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 55 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage on the saline-alkali patches reaches 55% or more, and / or the plant community density on the saline-alkali patches reaches 15 plants / m². 2 above.

[0034] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested as follows: 11 months after the application of plant materials, the height of the plant community on the saline-alkali patches reaches 58-63 cm or more, and / or the plant community coverage reaches 58-62% or more, and / or the plant community density reaches 19-21 plants / m². 2 above.

[0035] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested in: reducing the pH value of the saline-alkali patch soil and / or reducing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali patch soil and / or reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content of the saline-alkali patch soil and / or increasing the total nitrogen content of the saline-alkali patch soil.

[0036] The effects of the remediation of saline-alkali patches are manifested in the following ways: compared with before remediation, the pH value of the saline-alkali patch soil is reduced and / or the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali patch soil is reduced and / or the exchangeable sodium ion content of the saline-alkali patch soil is reduced and / or the total nitrogen content of the saline-alkali patch soil is increased.

[0037] This invention also protects the application of any of the methods described above in the improvement of saline-alkali spots.

[0038] The present invention also provides a method for remediating saline-alkali patches and saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) The following operations were performed on the saline-alkali soil in sequence: apply organic fertilizer, then plow, and then apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer;

[0040] (2) After completing step (1), the land on the saline-alkali patch is replaced with the land on the normal plot to obtain a normal plot with saline-alkali patch land and a saline-alkali patch plot with normal land.

[0041] (3) After completing step (2), the following operations are performed on the saline-alkali patch on the normal plot with saline-alkali patch: laying plant material;

[0042] The term "normal plot" refers to a plot of land with vegetation within a 2km radius around a saline-alkali patch; the term "land" refers to soil with a depth of 15-20 cm from the soil surface.

[0043] The plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: it is laid in two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patch being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is cut into 3cm sections, with 2000g of fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is uncut forage grass, with 550g of fresh weight per square meter.

[0044] The plant material is fallen leaves; the thickness of the layer is 2-3 cm.

[0045] The plant material is straw mat; the thickness of the mat is 2-3cm.

[0046] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of saline-alkali soil to below 10.1.

[0047] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of the saline-alkali soil to below 9.6.

[0048] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of saline-alkali soil to below 9.3 (e.g., 9.26).

[0049] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of saline-alkali soil from 10.8 to below 10.1.

[0050] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of saline-alkali soil from 10.8 to below 9.6.

[0051] The reduction of pH value in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by lowering the pH value of saline-alkali soil from 10.8 to below 9.3 (e.g., 9.26).

[0052] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil to below 710 μs / cm.

[0053] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil to below 550 μs / cm.

[0054] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil to below 500 μs / cm.

[0055] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by decreasing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil from 1455 μs / cm to below 710 μs / cm.

[0056] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by decreasing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil from 1455 μs / cm to below 550 μs / cm.

[0057] The reduction of electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by decreasing the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil from 1455 μs / cm to below 500 μs / cm.

[0058] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil to below 2518 mg / kg.

[0059] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil to below 2309 mg / kg.

[0060] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil to below 2263 mg / kg.

[0061] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil from 3569 mg / kg to below 2518 mg / kg.

[0062] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil from 3569 mg / kg to below 2309 mg / kg.

[0063] The reduction of exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil can be achieved by reducing the exchangeable sodium ion content in saline-alkali soil from 3569 mg / kg to below 2263 mg / kg.

[0064] The method of increasing the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil can be to increase the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil to 0.74 g / kg.

[0065] The method of increasing the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil can be to increase the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil to 0.89 g / kg.

[0066] The method of increasing the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil can be to increase the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil from 0.58 g / kg to 0.74 g / kg.

[0067] The method of increasing the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil can be to increase the total nitrogen content of saline-alkali soil from 0.58 g / kg to 0.89 g / kg.

[0068] Specifically, the above operations were carried out between July and September.

[0069] The forage mentioned above was collected from a vegetated area within 2 km of the saline-alkali patch. When harvesting the forage, a stubble of 5-6 cm was left, and the forage was used on the same day it was harvested.

[0070] The application rate of any of the above-mentioned amino acid water-soluble fertilizers is 0.02 L / m³. 2 .

[0071] The application rate of any of the above-mentioned organic fertilizers is 3 kg / m³. 2 .

[0072] The tillage mentioned above refers to deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm).

[0073] When applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is used in the form of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution.

[0074] Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is obtained by diluting amino acid water-soluble fertilizer with water to 500 times its volume.

[0075] The application of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is done via drip irrigation.

[0076] Specifically, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is a liquid preparation.

[0077] Specifically, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is the following product: Registration Certificate No.: Agricultural Fertilizer (2017) Approval No. 6147.

[0078] Specifically, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is a product with the following composition: amino acids ≥100g / L, calcium ≥30g / L.

[0079] Specifically, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is the following product: the seller is Tianjin Yuchuan Jinhong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0080] Specifically, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is the following product: manufactured by Tianjin NewAig Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and the product name is "Frost-resistant Foliar Fertilizer (Amino Acid Water-soluble Fertilizer)".

[0081] Specifically, any of the organic fertilizers mentioned above are well-rotted sheep manure and / or well-rotted cow manure.

[0082] Specifically, any of the above-mentioned organic fertilizers is well-rotted cow or sheep manure; the cow or sheep manure is a mixture of 7 parts by weight of cow manure and 3 parts by weight of sheep manure.

[0083] The saline-alkali patches are saline-alkali patches in grasslands.

[0084] Specifically, before remediation, the electrical conductivity of the saline-alkali soil was 800µs / cm-4000µs / cm and the pH value was 9-11.

[0085] The grassland in question may be a degraded grassland.

[0086] The grassland in question can be a low-lying wetland meadow.

[0087] The grassland in question may refer to the grasslands of Inner Mongolia.

[0088] The grassland in question may refer to the grasslands of Hulunbuir in Inner Mongolia.

[0089] The grassland in question may be Chenbalhu Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia.

[0090] The grassland in question may refer to the grassland of Huhedaobu Gacha, Chenbalhu Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia.

[0091] The grassland in question can be defined as grassland with an annual precipitation of 200-300 mm.

[0092] In grassland ecosystems, litter is a major supplier of nutrients, and its production, accumulation, and decomposition directly or indirectly affect plant germination, growth, and community succession. Through three processes—fragmentation, dissimilation, and leaching—litter releases secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes into the soil, providing nutrients for plant roots and realizing the cycling of chemical elements and nutrient reuse within the ecosystem.

[0093] Traditional methods for improving saline-alkali soils have many drawbacks, are significantly limited in practical application, and may even have adverse effects on soil and the environment in the long term. This invention utilizes plant materials (such as pasture, fallen leaves, or straw mats) to repair and improve saline-alkali patches, effectively controlling soil salinization and alkali reversion, while simultaneously promoting soil organic carbon sequestration and soil carbon pool construction. This allows saline-alkali patches to recover vegetation under natural conditions, improving grassland productivity and the grassland ecological environment.

[0094] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: ① It uses physical measures (deep tillage, soil replacement) to solve the problems of surface salt accumulation and soil structure, and uses organic materials (organic fertilizer, forage, etc.) to continuously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, achieving simultaneous salt reduction and carbon increase; ② Plant materials such as fallen leaves, straw mats, and fresh forage samples are low-cost and readily available organic materials with good treatment effects and high cost-effectiveness; they are environmentally friendly, avoid secondary pollution from chemical amendments, and have significant long-term benefits; ③ Covering the surface of saline-alkali soil with fallen leaves and other debris can retain moisture, reduce water evaporation, and block the rise of salt through capillary action; the functional groups such as carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups in humus can adsorb sodium. + Cl - Salt ions reduce plant toxicity.

[0095] This invention boasts advantages such as simple construction and low cost, representing a green and sustainable approach that enables the recycling of waste resources. It establishes a near-natural restoration method for saline-alkali patches in degraded meadow grasslands, which has significant practical implications for enhancing grassland productivity, improving the grassland ecological environment, and promoting the healthy development of the grass industry. Attached Figure Description

[0096] Figure 1 The images shown are a photograph taken immediately after the fourth processing in Example 1 (left image) and an exemplary photograph taken on August 15, 2025 (right image).

[0097] Figure 2 The images shown are a photograph taken immediately after the sixth processing in Example 1 (left image) and an exemplary photograph taken on August 15, 2025 (right image).

[0098] Figure 3 The images show a photograph (left) of a saline-alkali patch with normal soil surface immediately after treatment in Example 2, and an exemplary photograph (right) taken on August 15, 2025.

[0099] Figure 4 This is a comparison of community height, community cover, and community density as of August 15, 2025, in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0100] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0101] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available. The organic fertilizer used in the examples is well-rotted cow and sheep manure (i.e., a mass ratio of cow manure to sheep manure of 7:3). Unless otherwise specified, the quantitative experiments in the following examples are all performed in triplicate, and the results are averaged. Data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2023 software, and analysis of variance was performed using SPSS 20.0. Community height refers to the height of the grass layer, measured with a measuring tape. Community cover was determined visually. Community density was obtained by collecting and counting all plants, converted to the number of plants per square meter.

[0102] Saline-alkali patches: Patches of barren land in grasslands, with a topsoil electrical conductivity of 800µs / cm-4000µs / cm and a pH of 9-11. Causes of saline-alkali patches: In natural grasslands, typically low-lying wetland meadows, evaporation exceeds precipitation. The movement of groundwater vertically and horizontally leads to soil heterogeneity, causing a redistribution of water and salt. This results in the formation of soluble salt patches on the soil surface. The increased salt (alkali) content in these patches becomes sufficient to hinder normal grass growth, leading to reduced grass biomass and decreased grassland utilization.

[0103] Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is obtained by diluting amino acid water-soluble fertilizer with water to 500 times its volume. Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (liquid preparation): The seller is Tianjin Yuchuan Jinhong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.; the manufacturer is Tianjin NewAig Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; the product name is "Frost-resistant Foliar Fertilizer (containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizer)"; registration certificate number: Nongfei (2017) Zhunzi 6147; main technical indicators: amino acids ≥100g / L, calcium ≥30g / L.

[0104] Huhedaobu Gacha, Chenbalhu Banner (119°52´E, 49°36´N): The average annual temperature is 0℃, and the annual precipitation is 200~300mm; the area of ​​saline-alkali patches accounts for about 10% of the grassland area, the vegetation type is low wetland meadow, and the grassland utilization method is mowing.

[0105] Example 1.

[0106] The test area is a square area with a side length of 2km, located in Huhedaobu Gacha, Chenbalhu Banner.

[0107] From July 1st to 3rd, 2024, 27 saline-alkali patches were randomly selected from the experimental area and named sequentially from #1 to #27. Each saline-alkali patch had an area of ​​2-6 m². 2 Spots #1-#3 underwent the first treatment; spots #4-#6 underwent the second treatment; spots #7-#9 underwent the third treatment; spots #10-#12 underwent the fourth treatment; spots #13-#15 underwent the fifth treatment; and spots #16-#18 underwent the sixth treatment. Spots #19-#21 served as CK-1 and received no treatment. Spots #22-#24 served as CK2 (control). Spots #25-#27 served as CK3 (control).

[0108] The first treatment (also known as Group I-1): Laying straw mats (the straw mats are made of rice straw, and the thickness is 1cm).

[0109] The second treatment (also known as Group I-2): Apply organic fertilizer (at a rate of 3 kg / m²). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2 Then lay down straw mats (the straw mats are made of rice straw and are laid to a thickness of 1cm).

[0110] The third treatment (also known as Group II-1): lay fallen leaves (the fallen leaves were collected from the park the previous year, and the thickness of the layer was 2-3 cm).

[0111] The fourth treatment (also known as Group II-2): application of organic fertilizer (at a rate of 3 kg / m²). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2 Then lay down fallen leaves (the fallen leaves were collected from the park the previous year, and the thickness of the layer was 2-3cm).

[0112] The fifth treatment (also known as Group III-1): Forage was laid (the forage was naturally grown in the experimental area). The forage was laid in two layers: the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches was the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open ground was the upper layer. The lower layer consisted of forage cut into 3cm lengths (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 2-3cm). The upper layer consisted of uncut forage (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 1cm).

[0113] The sixth treatment (also known as Group III-2): application of organic fertilizer (at a rate of 3 kg / m³). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2 Then, pasture (the pasture was naturally grown in the experimental area) was laid out. The pasture was laid in two layers: the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches was the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open ground was the upper layer. The lower layer of pasture was cut into 3cm pieces (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 2-3cm). The upper layer of pasture was uncut (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 1cm).

[0114] CK-1: No treatment is performed.

[0115] CK2 control treatment: deep turning (depth of 30cm).

[0116] CK3 control treatment: Organic fertilizer was applied (at a rate of 3 kg / m³). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2 ).

[0117] The forage used in the fifth and sixth treatments was collected from well-vegetated plots in the experimental area. A stubble of 5-6 cm was left during harvesting, and the forage was used on the same day. From July 1st to 3rd, 2024, three quadrats (each a 1m × 1m square) were set up in well-vegetated plots within the experimental area. The forage composition (number of each forage plant in each quadrat) was recorded for each quadrat, and the average of the three quadrats was taken to represent the forage composition of the experimental area. The forage composition of the experimental area was: Leymus chinensis 336 plants / m², Clytrum lucidum 86 plants / m², Leymus chinensis 32 plants / m², Astragalus membranaceus 16 plants / m², Alfalfa 25 plants / m², Vitex trifolia 17 plants / m², Alfalfa 9 plants / m², Vitex negundo 3 plants / m², Artemisia argyi 66 plants / m², and Artemisia scoparia 41 plants / m². Leymus chinensis, Clytrum lucidum, and Leymus chinensis belong to the Poaceae family of forage grasses. Astragalus erecta, alfalfa, wild pea, and flat alfalfa belong to the legume family of forage grasses. Artemisia argyi, Artemisia capillaris, and Artemisia scoparia belong to other forage grasses.

[0118] On September 6, 2024, the community height, community cover, and community density of each saline-alkali patch were measured. The average value of three saline-alkali patches in each group was taken. The results are shown in Table 1. The main plants growing were annual weeds, such as *Artemisia capillaris* and *Artemisia argyi*. Group III-2 showed the best results.

[0119]

[0120] On August 15, 2025, the community height, community cover, and community density of each saline-alkali patch were measured. The average value of three saline-alkali patches in each group was taken. The results are shown in Table 2. The main plants growing there were *Imperata cylindrica* and *Artemisia argyi*. Group III-2 showed the best results.

[0121]

[0122] On August 15, 2025, the soil physicochemical properties of each saline-alkali patch were measured, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0123]

[0124] The fourth type of processing is shown in the image on the left, which is a newly processed photo, and an example photo from August 15, 2025. Figure 1 .

[0125] The sixth processing method is shown in the image on the left, and an example image from August 15, 2025. Figure 2 .

[0126] Example 2.

[0127] The test area is a square area with a side length of 2km, located in Huhedaobu Gacha, Chenbalhu Banner.

[0128] The following operations will all be carried out between July 1st and 3rd, 2024.

[0129] Three saline-alkali patches (each with an area of ​​2-6 m²) were randomly selected from the experimental area. 2 The plots were named saline-alkali spot 1, saline-alkali spot 2, and saline-alkali spot 3. In areas with good vegetation in the experimental area, three plots were set up with the same shape and size as the saline-alkali spots, and named normal plot 1 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 1), normal plot 2 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 2), and normal plot 3 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 3). Take plots of land from saline-alkali patches (using the method of taking square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Take plots of land with vegetation from the corresponding normal plots (using the same method of taking square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Then, swap the positions of the plots taken from the saline-alkali patches with the vegetation plots taken from the normal plots (i.e., swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 1 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 1, swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 2 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 2, and swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 3 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 3). After this process, you will obtain saline-alkali patches with normal land and normal plots with saline-alkali patch land.

[0130] Three saline-alkali patches (each with an area of ​​2-6 m²) were randomly selected from the experimental area. 2The plots were named saline-alkali spot 4, saline-alkali spot 5, and saline-alkali spot 6. In areas with good vegetation in the experimental area, three plots were set up with the same shape and size as the saline-alkali spots, and named normal plot 4 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 4), normal plot 5 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 5), and normal plot 6 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 6). Take plots of land from the saline-alkali patches (using the method of taking square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Take plots of land with vegetation from the corresponding normal plots (using the same method of taking square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Then, swap the positions of the plots taken from the saline-alkali patches with the vegetation plots taken from the normal plots (i.e., swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 4 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 4, swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 5 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 5, and swap the plots taken from saline-alkali patch 6 with the vegetation plots taken from normal plot 6). After the land swaps, treat the saline-alkali patch plots on the normal plots as follows: lay pasture (using naturally growing pasture from the experimental area). The method of laying forage is as follows: It is divided into two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer. The lower layer is laid with forage cut into 3cm lengths (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of approximately 2-3cm); the upper layer is laid with uncut forage (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of approximately 1cm). After completing the above treatment, saline-alkali patches with normal soil texture and normal plots with saline-alkali patches are obtained.

[0131] Three saline-alkali patches (each with an area of ​​2-6 m²) were randomly selected from the experimental area. 2 The saline-alkali patches were named saline-alkali spots 7, 8, and 9. In well-vegetated areas of the experimental site, three plots of the same shape and size as the saline-alkali spots were established and named normal plot 7 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 7), normal plot 8 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 8), and normal plot 9 (corresponding to saline-alkali spot 9). The saline-alkali spots were first treated as follows: organic fertilizer was applied (at a rate of 3 kg / m²). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2Take plots of land from the saline-alkali patches that have undergone the above treatment (take square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Take plots of land with vegetation from the normal plots corresponding to the saline-alkali patches (take square plots with sides of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Then, swap the positions of the plots of land taken from the saline-alkali patches with the plots of land with vegetation taken from the normal plots (i.e., swap the positions of the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 7 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 7, swap the positions of the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 8 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 8, and swap the positions of the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 9 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 9). After completing the land swap, you will obtain saline-alkali patches with normal land and normal plots with saline-alkali patch land.

[0132] Three saline-alkali patches (each with an area of ​​2-6 m²) were randomly selected from the experimental area. 2 The saline-alkali patches were named saline-alkali patch 10, saline-alkali patch 11, and saline-alkali patch 12. In well-vegetated areas of the experimental site, three plots of the same shape and size as the saline-alkali patches were established and named normal plot 10 (corresponding to saline-alkali patch 10), normal plot 11 (corresponding to saline-alkali patch 11), and normal plot 12 (corresponding to saline-alkali patch 12). The saline-alkali patches were first treated as follows: organic fertilizer was applied (at a rate of 3 kg / m²). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2On the saline-alkali patches that have undergone the above treatment, take plots of land (using the method of taking plots: take a square plot of land with a side length of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). On the normal plots corresponding to the saline-alkali patches, take plots of land with vegetation (using the method of taking plots: take a square plot of land with a side length of 30cm and a depth of 15-20cm every 30cm). Then, swap the plots of land taken from the saline-alkali patches with the plots of land with vegetation taken from the normal plots (i.e., swap the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 10 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 10, swap the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 11 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 11, and swap the plots of land taken from saline-alkali patch 12 with the plots of land with vegetation taken from normal plot 12). After completing the land swap, the saline-alkali patch plots on the normal plots are treated as follows: lay pasture (the pasture is naturally growing pasture in the experimental area). The method of laying forage is as follows: It is divided into two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer. The lower layer is laid with forage cut into 3cm lengths (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of approximately 2-3cm); the upper layer is laid with uncut forage (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of approximately 1cm). After completing the above steps, a saline-alkali patch with normal soil surface and a normal plot with saline-alkali patch surface are obtained.

[0133] The forage used in the above treatments was collected from well-vegetated plots in the experimental area. A stubble of 5-6 cm was left during harvesting, and the forage was used on the same day. From July 1st to 3rd, 2024, three quadrats (each a 1m × 1m square) were set up in well-vegetated plots within the experimental area. The forage composition (number of each forage plant in each quadrat) was recorded for each quadrat, and the average of the three quadrats was taken to represent the forage composition of the experimental area. The forage composition of the experimental area was as follows: Leymus chinensis 336 plants / m², Agrostis chinensis 86 plants / m², Leymus chinensis 32 plants / m², Astragalus membranaceus 16 plants / m², Alfalfa 25 plants / m², Vitex trifolia 17 plants / m², Alfalfa 9 plants / m², Artemisia argyi 3 plants / m², Artemisia capillaris 66 plants / m², and Artemisia scoparia 41 plants / m².

[0134] On September 6, 2024 and August 15, 2025, community height, community cover and community density were counted on saline-alkali patches with normal soil surface. The average values ​​were taken and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0135]

[0136] On September 6, 2024 and August 15, 2025, the community height, community cover and community density of normal plots with saline-alkali patches were counted and averaged. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0137]

[0138] On August 15, 2025, the soil physicochemical properties were measured on saline-alkali patches on normal soil and on normal soil plots with saline-alkali patches, and the average values ​​were taken. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] See the photographs of a newly treated saline-alkali patch with normal soil surface (left) and an exemplary photograph taken on August 15, 2025 (right). Figure 3 .

[0142] Example 3.

[0143] The test area is a square area with a side length of 2km, located in Huhedaobu Gacha, Chenbalhu Banner.

[0144] To investigate the impact of forage seed setting on vegetation restoration in saline-alkali patches, nine saline-alkali patches were randomly selected from the experimental area on September 6, 2024, during the forage seed setting period. These patches were named patches 1 through 6, with each patch measuring an area of ​​2-6 m². 2 Salt-alkali spots #1-#3 underwent the first treatment, and salt-alkali spots #4-#6 underwent the second treatment. Salt-alkali spots #7-#9 served as control (CK) and received no treatment.

[0145] The first treatment involved laying out hay (the hay was naturally grown in the experimental area). The hay was laid out in two layers: the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches was the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open ground was the upper layer. The lower layer consisted of hay cut into 3cm lengths (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 2-3cm). The upper layer consisted of uncut hay (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 1cm).

[0146] The second treatment: Apply organic fertilizer (at a rate of 3 kg / m³). 2 Then, deep tillage (to a depth of 30cm) is carried out, followed by drip irrigation of an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer solution (calculated as amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, application rate is 0.02L / m²). 2Then, pasture (the pasture was naturally grown in the experimental area) was laid out. The pasture was laid in two layers: the layer closer to the saline-alkali patches was the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open ground was the upper layer. The lower layer of pasture was cut into 3cm pieces (2000g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 2-3cm). The upper layer of pasture was uncut (550g fresh weight per square meter, with a natural thickness of about 1cm).

[0147] CK: No treatment is performed.

[0148] The forage used in the above treatments was collected from well-vegetated plots in the experimental area. A stubble of 5-6 cm was left during harvesting, and the forage was used on the same day. On September 6, 2024, three quadrats (each a 1m × 1m square) were set up in well-vegetated plots within the experimental area. The forage composition of each quadrat (the number of each type of forage plant in each quadrat) was recorded, and the average of the three quadrats was taken to represent the forage composition of the experimental area. The forage composition of the experimental area was as follows: Leymus chinensis 444 plants / m², Agrostis chinensis 121 plants / m², Leymus chinensis 42 plants / m², Astragalus membranaceus 30 plants / m², Alfalfa 25 plants / m², Vitex trifolia 34 plants / m², Alfalfa 10 plants / m², Artemisia argyi 5 plants / m², Artemisia capillaris 89 plants / m², and Artemisia scoparia 43 plants / m².

[0149] On August 15, 2025, the community height, community cover and community density of each saline-alkali patch were measured. The average value of 3 saline-alkali patches in each group was taken. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0150]

[0151] Example 4.

[0152] The results of saline-alkali patches 13#-15# (treated as the fifth method in Example 1, i.e., mulching with pasture) and 16#-18# (treated as the sixth method in Example 1, i.e., deep tillage + organic fertilizer + mulching with pasture) in Example 1 were compared with the results of saline-alkali patches 1#-3# (treated as the first method in Example 3, i.e., mulching with pasture) and 4#-6# (treated as the second method in Example 3, i.e., deep tillage + organic fertilizer + mulching with pasture) in Example 3. The results refer to the community height, community cover, and community density as of August 15, 2025. See [link to results]. Figure 4 . Figure 4In Chinese: different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different forage treatments (P<0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different forage laying months (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in community height and density between July and September. For the forage laying treatment, there were no significant differences in community cover and density between July and September. For the deep plowing + organic fertilizer + forage laying treatment, community cover in July was significantly higher than in September. Under the same time conditions, the community height, community density, and community cover of the deep plowing + organic fertilizer + forage laying treatment were all significantly higher than those of the forage laying treatment alone.

[0153] Soil sampling method for detecting the physicochemical properties of soil samples in the example: In an unsown area, the topsoil from the three vertices of an equilateral triangle with a side length of 60cm is collected, mixed, and then used to obtain one soil sample. Topsoil: Soil at a depth of 0-20cm from the ground surface.

[0154] Soil pH testing: NY / T 1121.2-2006 "Soil Testing Part 2: Determination of Soil pH".

[0155] Detection of soil electrical conductivity: HJ 802-2016 "Determination of soil electrical conductivity by electrode method".

[0156] Detection of exchangeable sodium ion content in soil samples: LY / T1246-1999 "Determination of exchangeable potassium and sodium in forest soils".

[0157] Determination of total nitrogen content in soil: LY / T 1228-2015 Kjeldahl method for determination of nitrogen in forest soils.

[0158] The present invention has been described in detail above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of ways with equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from its spirit and scope, and without requiring unnecessary experiments. While specific embodiments have been provided, it should be understood that further modifications can be made to the invention. In summary, according to the principles of the invention, this application is intended to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for remediating saline-alkali soil patches, comprising the following steps: performing the following operations on the saline-alkali soil patches sequentially: applying organic fertilizer, then tilling, then applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and then laying plant material; the plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: laying in two layers, the layer closer to the saline-alkali soil patch is the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open area is the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is forage grass cut into sections up to 3cm in length, with 2000g fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is forage grass that is not cut, with 550g fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass is collected from vegetated plots within 2km of the saline-alkali soil patch, leaving a stubble of 5-6cm when harvesting the forage grass, and the forage grass is used on the same day it is harvested.

2. A method for remediating saline-alkali patches, comprising the following steps: the saline-alkali patch soil is subjected to the following operations in sequence: organic fertilizer is applied, followed by tilling, followed by application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, followed by laying of plant material; the plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: it is laid in two layers, the layer closer to the saline-alkali patch surface is the lower layer, and the layer closer to the open surface is the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is forage grass cut into sections up to 3cm in length, with 2000g fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is forage grass that is not cut, with 550g fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass is collected from a plot of land with vegetation within 2km around the saline-alkali patch, and a stubble of 5-6cm is left when harvesting the forage grass, and the forage grass is used on the same day it is harvested.

3. The application of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in the improvement of saline-alkali spots.

4. A method for remediating saline-alkali patches and saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: (1) The following operations were performed on the saline-alkali soil in sequence: apply organic fertilizer, then plow, and then apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer; (2) After completing step (1), the land on the saline-alkali patch is replaced with the land on the normal plot to obtain a normal plot with saline-alkali patch land and a saline-alkali patch plot with normal land. (3) After completing step (2), the following operations are performed on the saline-alkali patch on the normal plot with saline-alkali patch: laying plant material; The term "normal plot" refers to a plot of land with vegetation within a 2km radius around a saline-alkali patch; the term "soil" refers to soil with a depth of 15-20 cm from the soil surface. The plant material is forage grass; the laying method is as follows: it is laid in two layers, with the layer closer to the saline-alkali patch being the lower layer and the layer closer to the open ground being the upper layer; the forage grass laid in the lower layer is cut into 3cm sections, with 2000g of fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass laid in the upper layer is uncut, with 550g of fresh weight per square meter; the forage grass is collected from vegetated plots within 2km of the saline-alkali patch, with a stubble of 5-6cm left when harvesting, and the forage grass is used on the same day it is harvested.

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