Parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system and method

Abstract

The application provides a parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system and method, which mainly comprises a solar light condensing and heat collecting system, a solar light splitter, a thermal chemical reactor, a photochemical reactor, a lunar soil-based thermal chemical circulation oxygen carrier material, a lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst, a heat recovery regulation unit and a vacuum collector. The solar light condensing and heat collecting system and the solar light splitter converge the sunlight irradiated on the lunar surface and supply the sunlight to the thermal chemical reaction and the photochemical reaction, respectively. The high-temperature waste heat of the thermal chemical part is distributed by the heat recovery regulation unit, water decomposition for hydrogen and oxygen production and metal material acquisition are realized by using the lunar soil material, and lunar resource acquisition and efficient utilization are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and particularly relates to a parallel type solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] It has been a research hotspot for human space exploration to land on asteroids and establish research or outpost bases to realize asteroid resource utilization. Since the moon is the only natural satellite of the earth, establishing a moon base and using the moon as a natural transfer station and deep space laboratory is an inevitable stage of human space exploration. In recent years, the exploration and development of the moon have promoted the utilization of lunar resources such as oxygen, metal materials and energy, which has gradually become a competitive indicator in the field of space research, and is a guarantee element for the sustainable construction and operation of subsequent moon bases. However, the high cost of earth-moon transportation makes it essential to obtain basic resources in situ in the development of lunar resources.

[0003] In the process of establishing a moon base and obtaining lunar resources, oxygen is a necessary condition for the work and life of astronauts and is also a necessary fuel for rocket propulsion. For the exploitation of lunar minerals, in addition to supplying the construction, daily operation and maintenance and scientific research of the moon base, it can also effectively make up for the shortage of earth resources. The solar energy irradiated on the lunar surface can become an important energy supply for lunar development. Solar energy is the most easily obtained energy in early development, and the vacuum environment on the lunar surface reduces the atmospheric reflection and absorption loss of solar radiation, so the lunar surface receives more solar energy than the earth. Therefore, using solar energy as an energy source for lunar development has a certain practicality and operability.

[0004] Combining the current situation of lunar resources and the utilization of solar energy, solar energy can provide energy and materials for lunar development and activities through solar energy photo-utilization technology and solar energy thermal utilization technology. The main solar energy photo-utilization technologies available on the lunar surface include solar photovoltaic power generation and photochemical fuel production. The basic principle of solar energy photo-utilization technology is to use the photoelectric effect of materials to release oxygen from the surface of lunar soil materials under light irradiation, and then to obtain hydrogen gas by reacting with water in the oxidation reaction process and realize the recycling of materials. Solar thermal chemical cycle fuel production is a feasible solar energy thermal utilization technology. The thermal chemical cycle is divided into oxidation and reduction processes. In the reduction process, the metal oxides in the lunar soil absorb solar energy to decompose and produce oxygen at high temperatures and are reduced to low-valence metal oxides. The low-valence metal oxides are oxidized to high-valence metal oxides by the water introduced, and hydrogen gas is produced. The chemical reaction equation involved in the process is:

[0005] Photochemical reduction reaction:

[0006] Hydrogenation reduction reaction: MO a-b+bH2→M+bH2O

[0007] Photochemical oxidation reaction: MO a-b +bH2O→MO a +bH2

[0008] Thermochemical cyclic reduction reaction:

[0009] Thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction: MO X-Y +YH2O→MO X +YH2

[0010] However, the solar hydrogen production technology generally has the problem of insufficient utilization of full spectrum solar energy: the solar photochemical technology requires that the incident photon energy is close to the band gap width of the material, and only the ultraviolet and visible band sunlight can be effectively utilized, and a larger part of the full spectrum solar energy is converted into heat on the surface of the material and cannot be utilized; the solar thermal utilization technology converts the full spectrum solar energy into heat energy and then heats the material to occur reduction and oxidation reaction, and in the energy conversion process, the light energy in the high energy band is only converted into heat energy, which will face a large amount of irreversible loss. SUMMARY

[0011] Therefore, the application provides a parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system, which directly utilizes the lunar soil structure sintering with rich microporous and vesicular structures on the lunar surface to prepare photochemical and thermochemical materials. The sunlight is divided into ultraviolet-visible band and infrared band by a solar light splitter, the ultraviolet-visible band is used to excite the material to occur photochemical reaction, and the infrared band is used for two-step solar thermochemical cycle heat supply, and on the basis of the prior art, the thermochemical partial oxidation reaction outlet material and heat energy are collected to provide reaction raw materials and energy for the photochemical part, and the waste heat energy is used for lunar soil sintering to obtain a catalyst and an oxygen carrier material.

[0012] The application solves the technical problems by adopting the technical scheme of:

[0013] A parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system, characterized in that it specifically comprises a solar light concentrating and heat collecting system, a solar light splitter, a thermochemical reactor, a photochemical reactor, a lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material, a lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst, a heat recovery regulation unit and a vacuum collector, wherein:

[0014] The solar light concentrating and heat collecting system is used for converging lunar surface solar radiation to provide high light concentration ratio and heat collecting temperature light;

[0015] The solar spectrometer is used for separating sunlight into short-wave band light and long-wave band light, the short-wave band light is used for providing excitation light energy in photochemical reaction, and the long-wave band sunlight provides sufficient heat energy for the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction.

[0016] The thermochemical reactor is used for carrying out the two-step high-temperature thermochemical cycle, absorbing long-wave band light to heat the lunar soil-based oxygen carrier material in the cavity to generate the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction, and introducing H2O into the cavity of the thermochemical reactor to make the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material generate the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction.

[0017] The photochemical reactor has a light-transmitting window, which provides light for the photochemical reduction reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst and serves as a reaction site for the photochemical oxidation reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst with the introduced H2O, and simultaneously carries out the hydrogenation reduction reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst.

[0018] The lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material is used for absorbing concentrated solar heat to generate a reduction reaction to release oxygen in the two-step solar thermochemical cycle, and generating an oxidation reaction with the introduced H2O to prepare hydrogen in the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction.

[0019] The lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst is used for being excited by solar light to generate a reduction reaction to form an oxygen vacancy to release oxygen and obtain a low-valence metal oxide in the photochemical reaction process, and after the reduction reaction, the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst reacts with the introduced H2O or hydrogen under the action of the heat recovery regulation unit, wherein the introduced H2O reacts with the reduced lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst to release hydrogen through a photochemical oxidation reaction, and in addition, the reduced lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst can further react with hydrogen to generate a hydrogenation reduction reaction to obtain a lower-valence metal oxide or an alloy material, thereby realizing lunar soil mineral extraction.

[0020] The heat recovery regulation unit is used for distributing the high-temperature gas flow collected by the vacuum collector to utilize the waste heat in stages, the high-temperature gas flow collected by the vacuum collector includes a high-temperature oxygen flow I generated by the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction and a high-temperature steam and hydrogen flow II generated by the oxidation reaction, the high-temperature oxygen flow I is first introduced into the steam generation device to exchange heat with the H2O to be introduced for the two-step solar thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction, the high-temperature oxygen flow I after heat exchange and the high-temperature steam and hydrogen flow II together provide heat energy for the hydrogenation reduction or oxidation reaction of the low-valence metal oxide obtained by the reduction reaction, the low-valence metal oxide generates the hydrogenation reduction or oxidation reaction according to the heat provided by the heat recovery regulation unit, when the provided heat is sufficient to meet the temperature required by the hydrogenation reduction, hydrogen generated by the photochemical and thermochemical cycle oxidation reactions is introduced into the photochemical reactor to react, when the heat is insufficient, the H2O is exchanged with the heat and introduced into the photochemical reactor to generate hydrogen by reacting with the low-valence metal oxide, and the waste heat is used for assisting the sintering and forming of the lunar soil material.

[0021] The vacuum collector, by means of the pressure difference between the lunar surface vacuum environment and the thermal chemical reactor and the photochemical reactor cavity, sucks the high-temperature oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor at the outlet of the thermal chemical cycle reduction reaction and the thermal chemical cycle oxidation reaction participated by the lunar soil-based thermal chemical cycle oxygen carrier material, and the high-temperature oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor at the outlet of the photochemical reduction reaction, photochemical oxidation reaction and hydrogenation reduction reaction participated by the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst;

[0022] The lunar soil-based thermal chemical cycle oxygen carrier material and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst use lunar soil mineral particles as basic raw materials, obtain metal oxide particles through processes such as gravity separation, electric separation, magnetic separation and flotation, and obtain high-activity and high-selectivity catalyst materials after sintering at high temperature. Specifically, ilmenite, which is relatively rich in lunar soil, is mainly used, including iron oxides, composite iron oxides, perovskites and spinels composed of mineral elements in lunar soil.

[0023] A parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization method, the specific content of which is as follows:

[0024] The solar light on the moon surface is converged by a solar light concentrating system, and is divided into an infrared long-wave band and an ultraviolet visible short-wave band through a solar light splitter. The long-wave band solar light is refracted or reflected into a thermochemical reactor, and the short-wave band light is injected into a photochemical reactor. The thermochemical reactor absorbs the long-wave band light to increase the temperature of the lunar soil-based thermochemical circulation oxygen carrier material, and a reduction reaction is generated to release oxygen. Then, H2O is introduced to make the oxygen carrier generate an oxidation reaction to release hydrogen. The lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst in the photochemical reactor is excited to generate electrons and leave holes to release oxygen under the irradiation of the short-wave band light. One end of a vacuum collector is connected to the thermochemical reactor and the photochemical reactor through a valve, one end is connected to a heat recovery control unit heat exchange gas path, and one end is connected to the lunar vacuum environment. The pressure difference between the collector cavity and the reactor cavity is used to press the gas in the reactor into the vacuum collector. Oxygen generated during the photochemical and thermochemical cycle reduction reaction process is collected through the vacuum collector to maintain a low oxygen partial pressure environment in the reactor. At the same time, another set of vacuum collectors can absorb hydrogen and unreacted water vapor generated during the oxidation reaction process. The heat flow collected by the vacuum collector enters the heat recovery control unit. Under the action of the heat recovery control unit, the heat flow I collected by the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction is first used to heat H2O for the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction. The heat flow I and the heat flow II together provide heat energy for the low-valence metal oxide obtained by photochemical reduction. When the provided heat energy is sufficient, the low-valence metal oxide and hydrogen gas will undergo further reduction reaction to obtain alloy material. When the total heat is insufficient, heat flow I and heat flow II heat H2O, and the heated H2O is introduced into the photochemical reactor to generate oxidation reaction to produce hydrogen. The remaining heat is used to assist the sintering and forming of the lunar soil material. The heat flow after heating for the subsequent reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst is regulated again by the heat recovery control unit. The heat flow that has not been heat exchanged provides auxiliary heat for the sintering and forming of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst during preparation, and then heats the H2O that needs to be introduced for thermochemical oxidation reaction and photochemical oxidation reaction. The heat-exchanged heat flow is used to heat the H2O that needs to be introduced for thermochemical oxidation reaction and photochemical oxidation reaction. The hydrogen and oxygen are respectively sent to the gas storage tank for storage, and the cooling water absorbs heat and is used as hydrogen raw material for oxidation reaction stage.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0026] (1) The solar light is divided into infrared long-wave band light and ultraviolet visible short-wave band light through a solar light splitter, which meets the needs of solar photochemistry and solar thermochemistry, respectively, and realizes full-spectrum solar energy utilization.

[0027] (2) The heat recovery control unit controls the direction of the photochemical reaction process according to the heat flow temperature. Under high heat conditions, hydrogen is introduced into the photochemical reactor to further reduce the catalyst to obtain alloy materials or lower-valent metal oxides, thereby realizing in-situ acquisition of lunar metal resources. Under low heat conditions, H2O is introduced into the photochemical reactor to undergo an oxidation reaction to obtain hydrogen, and the waste heat is used to assist in the sintering and molding of oxygen carrier materials and photochemical catalysts.

[0028] (3) The rich mineral resources contained in the lunar soil can not only meet the needs of thermochemical oxygen carriers and photochemical catalysts, but also serve as materials for the construction of lunar bases. The hydrogen and oxygen produced during the reaction are easy to store and transport, and can serve as an important resource supply method on the moon, realizing the in-situ utilization of lunar resources.

[0029] (4) By using the vacuum environment on the lunar surface to collect gases, the large amount of energy consumed by various deoxygenation methods in photochemical and thermochemical experiments on Earth can be avoided, and the efficiency of solar energy utilization can be greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a parallel solar photothermal chemical coupled lunar resource utilization system provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A flow chart of a parallel solar photothermal chemical coupling lunar resource utilization method provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the operation of a heat recovery control unit;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of a vacuum collector in FIG.

[0034] in, Figure 1 1-Solar concentrating and collecting system, 2-Solar beam splitter, 3-Thermochemical reactor, 4-Photochemical reactor, 5-Lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material, 6-Lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst, 7-Heat recovery and control unit, 8-Vacuum collector; Figure 3 a-thermochemical reactor, b-steam generator, c-steam generator heat exchanger, d-temperature sensor, e-heat recovery control unit, f-photochemical reactor, g-photochemical reactor heat exchanger, h-hydrogen storage tank, i-hydrogen heater; Figure 4 a-vacuum collector, b-vacuum tank, c-heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The purpose and technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments;

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system provided by the present application, which comprises: a solar light concentrating and heat collecting system 1, a solar light splitter 2, a thermal chemical reactor 3, a photo-chemical reactor 4, a lunar soil-based thermal chemical circulation oxygen carrier material 5, a lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6, a heat recovery regulating unit 7, and a vacuum collector 8, wherein:

[0037] As Figure 1 shown, the solar light concentrating and heat collecting system 1 is a compound parabolic concentrator that receives high-intensity sunlight irradiated on the lunar surface and reflects it onto the solar light splitter 2; the solar light splitter 2 is installed at the focal point of the solar light concentrating and heat collecting system 1 to transmit and reflect the concentrated sunlight, dividing it into two parts: an infrared long-wave band a and an ultraviolet-visible light short-wave band b, which are respectively injected into the thermal chemical reactor 3 and the photo-chemical reactor 4; the solar light splitter 2 transmits the infrared long-wave band a of the incident sunlight into the thermal chemical reactor 3 under the action of the surface metal-ceramic type solar selective absorption coating, while the ultraviolet-visible light short-wave band b reflected by the coating is irradiated into the photo-chemical reactor 4.

[0038] The thermal chemical reactor 3 is a hemispherical cavity, and the reactor shell is a double-shell structure, with a vacuum environment maintained in the shell interlayer to reduce heat transfer loss. Heat exchange pipes are arranged between the double shells of the thermal chemical reactor 3, and there is no heat exchange medium in the pipes during the thermal chemical reduction and oxidation reactions to avoid heat loss. After the reduction reaction is completed, a heat exchange medium is introduced into the pipes to collect the heat generated during the reduction reaction and to achieve rapid cooling. A heat preservation layer is installed between the inner shell and the oxygen carrier material. The transmitted infrared long-wave band a in the solar light splitter 2 is radiated onto the lunar soil-based thermal chemical circulation oxygen carrier material 5 inside the cavity through the transparent quartz window of the thermal chemical reactor 3, causing the material to heat up to the reduction reaction temperature (800-1800℃) and undergo a reduction reaction, releasing oxygen gas that is collected by the vacuum collector 8, and high-valence metal oxides are reduced to low-valence metal oxides or metal elements. When the oxygen sensor detects that no oxygen gas is generated in the outlet gas of the cavity, the solar light concentrating and heat collecting system 1 stops providing heat energy to the thermal chemical reactor 3, and when the temperature in the cavity decreases to the oxidation reaction temperature (800-1800℃), H2O is introduced into the cavity to undergo an oxidation reaction with the lunar soil-based thermal chemical circulation oxygen carrier material 5, and the material is re-oxidized while releasing hydrogen gas.

[0039] The photochemical reactor 4 is a transparent tube reactor. The lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 at the bottom is irradiated by the ultraviolet-visible light band b reflected by the solar light spectrometer 2 to generate photo-generated electrons and holes and release oxygen, which is collected by the vacuum collector 8. When the oxygen sensor detects that the cavity outlet stops generating oxygen, the reactor stops receiving solar radiation. The reduced lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 can undergo two reactions under the action of the heat recovery control unit 7: when the provided heat is sufficient, hydrogen is introduced into the photochemical reactor 4, the reactor exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat flow collected by the vacuum collector 8, and the hydrogen reduction reaction occurs inside the reactor to obtain water, the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 is further reduced, and an alloy material is obtained; when the provided heat is insufficient, H2O is introduced into the photochemical reactor 4, the reactor exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat flow collected by the vacuum collector 8 to occur oxidation reaction to obtain hydrogen, and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 is oxidized and can be recycled.

[0040] The vacuum collector 8 includes one or more groups of vacuum cavities for collecting hot chemical cycle reduction reaction outlet gas, hot chemical cycle oxidation reaction outlet gas, photochemical reduction reaction outlet gas, and photochemical oxidation reaction outlet gas, each group containing one or more vacuum cavities. During the reduction reaction, the valve connected between the reaction cavity and the vacuum collector 8 is opened and closed at a certain frequency, and the generated oxygen is pressed into the vacuum collector 8 and temporarily stored by using the pressure difference between the collector cavity and the reactor cavity; the pressure sensor arranged in the hot chemical reactor 3 and the photochemical reactor 4 respectively detects the amount of oxygen generated by the reduction reaction, and when the amount of oxygen reaches a certain amount, the internal pressure of the reactor increases to control the opening of the vacuum collector 8, and the pressure sensor inside the vacuum cavity detects the pressure in the collector cavity and compares it with the pressure in the reaction cavity. When the pressure difference cannot meet the demand of the next oxygen suction, switch to the next vacuum cavity in parallel. The vacuum collector 8 remains closed during the oxidation reaction of the hot chemical and the photochemical, and after the reaction is completed, the vacuum collector 8 is opened and collects the high-temperature water vapor and hydrogen gas at the outlet.

[0041] The oxygen from the outlet of the thermo-chemical reduction reaction collected by the vacuum collector 8 enters the heat recovery regulating unit 7 as heat flow I. The gases from the outlets of the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction, the photo-chemical oxidation reaction and the hydrogenation reduction reaction have similar temperatures and are composed of high-temperature water vapor and hydrogen. All of them enter the heat recovery regulating unit 7 to be gathered as heat flow II. The heat recovery regulating unit 7 detects the temperatures of heat flow I and heat flow II, and calculates whether the heat energy provided by heat flow I and heat flow II can meet the hydrogenation reduction temperature of the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6. In case a, when the temperatures of heat flow I and heat flow II are both higher than the hydrogenation reduction reaction temperature required by the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6, the two heat flows heat the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 in the photo-chemical reactor 4 and the hydrogen required by the hydrogenation reduction reaction together. The heated hydrogen is introduced into the photo-chemical reactor 4 to have a hydrogenation reduction reaction with the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 to obtain the metal material. In case b, only heat flow I meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and heat flow I provides heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction of the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6. In case c, only heat flow II meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and heat flow II exchanges heat with the hydrogen required by the hydrogenation reduction reaction to provide heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction. In case d, neither heat flow I nor heat flow II can provide enough heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and preheated H20 is introduced into the photo-chemical reactor 4. The lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 has a photo-chemical oxidation reaction to generate hydrogen and complete the oxidation of the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 at the same time.

[0042] The heat recovery regulating unit 7 redistributes heat flow I and heat flow II after preliminary regulation. In case a and case c, the water vapor in heat flow II is liquefied and separated from the hydrogen after heat exchange. The separated hydrogen is collected and recycled to the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and heat flow I heats the H20 required to be introduced into the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction. In case b, heat flow I heats the H20 required to be introduced into the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction, and heat flow II first assists the sintering of the lunar soil-based thermo-chemical oxidation carrier material 5 and the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 in the preparation process, and then heats the H20 required to be introduced into the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction. The H20 in heat flow II is condensed and separated from the hydrogen. In case d, heat flow I and heat flow II are not subjected to heat exchange. They first assist the sintering of the lunar soil-based thermo-chemical oxidation carrier material 5 and the lunar soil-based photo-chemical catalyst 6 in the preparation process, and then heat the H20 required to be introduced into the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction.

[0043] In combination with Figure 1 With Figure 2A specific embodiment is proposed, which is applied to the method. The method includes: the high radiation intensity sunlight irradiated on the moon is converged by a solar light collection and heat collection system 1 to form a high light collection ratio light beam, and is divided into an infrared long wave band and an ultraviolet visible short wave band light by a solar light splitter 2. The long wave band sunlight is transmitted into a thermo-chemical reactor 3. A lunar soil-based thermo-chemical cycle oxygen carrier material 5 in the thermo-chemical reactor 3 absorbs the long wave band light to increase the temperature of the material surface, releases oxygen by a reduction reaction, detects the pressure in the reaction cavity during the reduction reaction process, controls the opening of a vacuum collector 8 to collect the oxygen generated in the reduction reaction process and reduce the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction cavity to promote the reaction. After the reduction reaction is completed, H2O is introduced into the thermo-chemical reactor 3 to make the oxygen carrier oxidize and release hydrogen. After the oxidation reaction is completed, the mixed gas of water vapor and hydrogen at the outlet is also collected by the vacuum collector 8. At the same time, the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 in the photochemical reactor 4 is excited to produce electrons and leave holes to release oxygen under the irradiation of the short wave band light. The oxygen generated in the reduction reaction process is collected by the vacuum collector 8 to reduce the oxygen concentration in the reaction cavity during the reduction reaction process.The multiple hot streams collected by the vacuum collector 8 enter the heat recovery regulating unit 7; under the action of the heat recovery regulating unit 7, the hot stream I collected by the thermochemical cyclic reduction reaction first heats the H2O used for the thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction, and the final temperature of the heat-exchanged hot stream I and the hot stream II determines the processing mode of the product after the photochemical reduction: when the temperatures of the hot stream I and the hot stream II are both higher than the required temperature of the hydrogenation reduction of the product after the photochemical reduction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6, the two hot streams jointly heat the photochemical reactor 4 to heat the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6, and then the water vapor in the heat-exchanged hot stream II is liquefied and separated from the hydrogen, the heated hydrogen is introduced into the photochemical reactor 4 to further react with the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 to obtain the initial product of the metal alloy material; only the hot stream I meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and then the hot stream I is used to heat the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 to improve the heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction; only the hot stream II meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and then the hot stream II is separated from the H2O after being heat-exchanged with the photochemical reactor 4, and the separated hot stream II is directly introduced into the photochemical reactor (4) to occur the hydrogenation reduction reaction; when the temperatures of the two hot streams are both low, H2O is introduced into the photochemical reactor 4 to occur the oxidation reaction, and the recycling of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6 is completed while the hydrogen is generated; the hot stream I and the hot stream II preliminarily regulated by the heat recovery regulating unit 7, the hot stream not subjected to heat exchange first provides auxiliary heat for the sintering forming in the preparation of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cyclic oxygen carrier material 5 and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst 6, and then heats the H2O introduced for the thermochemical oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction; the heat-exchanged hot stream preferentially heats the H2O introduced for the thermochemical oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction, and finally the two hot streams are fully heat-exchanged with the cooling water in the heat exchanger, the water in the hot stream II is condensed and backflows to the water storage tank, the oxygen and the hydrogen are respectively sent into the gas storage tank for storage, and the cooling water absorbs heat and is used as the hydrogen production raw material in the oxidation reaction stage.

[0044] Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, Figure 1The diagram shows the energy and material transfer workflow between the heat recovery and control unit and its associated components, including: thermochemical reactor a, steam generator b, steam generator heat exchanger c, temperature sensor d, heat recovery and control unit e, photochemical reactor f, photochemical reactor heat exchanger g, hydrogen storage tank h, and hydrogen heater i. High-temperature oxygen heat flow I collected in thermochemical reactor a first enters steam generator heat exchanger c, providing heat energy for steam generator b to generate high-temperature steam. After this initial heat exchange, heat flow I and the collected high-temperature steam and hydrogen mixture heat flow II are detected by temperature sensor d, and the data is transmitted to heat recovery and control unit e. The heat recovery control unit e controls the opening and closing of the three-way valve ① and the two-way valves ② and ③ according to the temperature of heat flow I and heat flow II: when the temperature is high enough (the temperature of any heat flow is higher than 1000℃), the interface 1 connected to the photochemical reactor heat exchanger g in the three-way valve ① is controlled to open, and the heat flow provides heat energy to the hydrogen heater i. At the same time, the two-way valve ② is opened to allow the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank h to flow through the hydrogen heater i and into the photochemical reactor f, where it undergoes a reduction reaction with the metal oxide material to obtain a metal or alloy material; when the temperature is insufficient, the interface 2 of the three-way valve ① is controlled to open, and the heat flow is used to heat the photochemical reactor f. At the same time, the two-way valve ③ is opened, and the high-temperature water vapor in the water vapor generator b enters the photochemical reactor f to undergo an oxidation reaction with the material therein to obtain hydrogen.

[0045] Figure 4 The embodiment shown is Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of a vacuum collector is shown, including a vacuum collector a and its internal vacuum tank b and heat exchanger c. Vacuum collector a contains one or more vacuum tanks b. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer shell of vacuum collector a is a double-layered structure, creating an internal vacuum to prevent excess heat loss. Vacuum collector a contains two groups of four vacuum tanks b, totaling eight. Gas lines 1-4 connect to the thermochemical reactors, collecting gases from the outlets of the thermochemical reduction and oxidation reactions, respectively. Gas lines 5-8 connect to the photochemical reactors, collecting oxygen from the photochemical reaction outlets and a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen produced by the hydrogenation reduction and photochemical oxidation reactions. One end of vacuum tank b is connected to the thermochemical reactor and photochemical reactor via a valve, which is open when the vacuum tank collects gases. Another end is connected to the heat exchange gas path of the heat recovery and control unit, which is open when the vacuum tank collects gases. Another end is connected to the lunar surface vacuum environment, which is opened after gas collection and delivery to the heat recovery and control unit to maintain the vacuum level within the chamber. This pressure difference with the reactor chamber allows the gas inside the reactor to be pressed into the vacuum tank chamber during system operation. When heat exchanger C is collecting gas, there is no heat exchange medium in the pipeline. After the gas is collected and transported, heat exchange medium is introduced into it to recover the vacuum tank to avoid residual heat.

[0046] Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that the description of specific embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present application, and any modification and improvement made to the technical solutions without departing from the concept and scope of the present application shall still belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system, characterized in that, Specifically comprising: The solar light concentrating system (1), the solar light splitter (2), the thermochemical reactor (3), the photochemical reactor (4), the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5), the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6), the heat recovery regulating unit (7), and the vacuum collector (8), wherein: The solar light concentrating system (1) is used to concentrate the lunar surface solar radiation to provide high light concentration ratio and heat collection temperature light rays; The solar light splitter (2) is used to separate the sunlight into short-wave band light rays and long-wave band light rays, the short-wave band light rays provide excitation required light energy in the photochemical reduction reaction, and the long-wave band sunlight provides sufficient heat for the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction; The thermochemical reactor (3) is used to carry out a two-step high-temperature thermochemical cycle, absorb the long-wave end light rays to heat the lunar soil-based oxygen carrier material (5) in the cavity to generate a thermochemical cycle reduction reaction, and then introduce H2O into the cavity of the thermochemical reactor (3) to make the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) generate a thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction; The photochemical reactor (4) has a light-transmitting window to provide the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) with light required for photochemical reduction reaction, and serves as a reaction site for introducing H2O to generate a photochemical oxidation reaction with the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6), and simultaneously carries out a hydrogenation reduction reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6); The lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) are both made of lunar soil, and after centrifugal screening, electrostatic screening and magnetic separation, they are obtained through chemical preparation, sintering or additive manufacturing technology, and the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) are the same material or different types of materials; The lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) is used to absorb the heat energy contained in the concentrated solar energy to release oxygen in the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction, and to release hydrogen in the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction with the introduced H2O; the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) is used to be excited by sunlight to form oxygen vacancies and release oxygen in the photochemical reduction reaction, and after the photochemical reduction reaction, the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) reacts with the introduced H2O or hydrogen, wherein the introduced H2O reacts with the reduced lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) to release hydrogen, or the introduced hydrogen reacts with the reduced lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) to generate a hydrogenation reduction reaction; The heat recovery regulating unit (7) is used to distribute the high-temperature heat flow collected by the vacuum collector (8), the heat flow is used to heat the H2O introduced into the photochemical oxidation reaction and the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction, and the subsequent reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) after the photochemical reduction reaction is determined according to the heat flow flow rate and temperature, and the high-temperature heat after heat exchange provides heat for the sintering of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6); The vacuum collector (8) uses the pressure difference between the vacuum environment on the lunar surface and the cavity of the thermochemical reactor (3) and the photochemical reactor (4) to suck out the high-temperature oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor at the outlet of the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction and the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction in which the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) participates, and at the same time sucks out the high-temperature oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor at the outlet of the photochemical reduction reaction, photochemical oxidation reaction and hydrogenation reduction reaction in which the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) participates.

2. The parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum collector (8) collects high-temperature gases in the thermochemical reactor (3) and the photochemical reactor (4) and enters the vacuum collector (8) cavity; for the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction and the photochemical reduction reaction, the oxygen analysis device detects the amount of oxygen generated, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the valves connecting the vacuum collector (8) with the thermochemical reactor (3) and the photochemical reactor (4); for the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction, after the reaction is completed, the valve connecting the vacuum collector (8) with the thermochemical reactor (3) is opened, and the vacuum collector (8) collects the water vapor and hydrogen mixed gas in the cavity of the thermochemical reactor (3) after the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction; for the photochemical oxidation reaction and the hydrogenation reduction reaction, after the reaction is completed, the valve connecting the vacuum collector (8) with the photochemical reactor (4) is opened, and the vacuum collector (8) collects the water vapor and hydrogen mixed gas in the cavity of the photochemical reactor (4) after the photochemical oxidation reaction or the hydrogenation reduction reaction.

3. The parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heat exchanger I inside the cavity of the vacuum collector (8) collects the waste heat of oxygen, a product of the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction, and heat exchanger II collects the waste heat of the water vapor and hydrogen mixture at the outlet of the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction, hydrogenation reduction reaction, and photochemical oxidation reaction. The high-temperature oxygen at the outlet of the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction collected by the vacuum collector (8) is called heat flow I; the high-temperature water vapor and hydrogen mixture at the outlet of the thermochemical cycle oxidation reaction, hydrogenation reduction reaction, and photochemical oxidation reaction collected by the vacuum collector (8) are collectively called heat flow II; after the thermochemical cycle reduction reaction and hydrogenation reduction reaction are completed, the solid-phase waste heat of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cycle oxygen carrier material (5) is recovered through the external heat exchanger of the thermochemical reactor (3), and the solid-phase waste heat of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) is recovered through the external heat exchanger of the photochemical reactor (4).

4. The parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal recovery regulation unit (7) determines whether the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) after the photochemical reduction reaction undergoes photochemical oxidation reaction or hydrogenation reduction reaction according to the temperatures of the heat flow I and the heat flow II collected by the vacuum collector (8), which is referred to as the preliminary regulation of the high-temperature heat flow by the thermal recovery regulation unit (7); in case a, when the temperatures of the heat flow I and the heat flow II are both higher than the temperature required for the hydrogenation reduction reaction of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6), the two heat flows heat the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) in the photochemical reactor (4) and the hydrogen required for the hydrogenation reduction reaction together, the heated hydrogen is introduced into the photochemical reactor (4) to undergo the hydrogenation reduction reaction with the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) to obtain metal materials; in case b, only the heat flow I meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and the heat flow I provides heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction; in case c, only the heat flow II meets the heat requirement of the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and the heat exchange between the heat flow II and the hydrogen required for the hydrogenation reduction reaction provides heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction; in case d, neither the heat flow I nor the heat flow II can provide sufficient heat for the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and preheated H2O is introduced into the photochemical reactor (4), the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) undergoes photochemical oxidation reaction, generates hydrogen gas, and at the same time completes the oxidation of the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6).

5. The parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal recovery regulation unit (7) redistributes the heat flow I and the heat flow II after the preliminary regulation, in case a and case c, the water vapor in the heat flow II after heat exchange is liquefied and separated from the hydrogen, the separated hydrogen is collected and recycled to the hydrogenation reduction reaction, and the heat flow I heats the H2O required for the thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction; in case b, the heat flow I heats the H2O required for the thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction, the heat flow II first assists the sintering of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cyclic oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) during the preparation process, and then heats the H2O required for the thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction, the H2O in the heat flow II is condensed and hydrogen is separated; in case d, the heat flow I and the heat flow II are not subjected to heat exchange, first assist the sintering of the lunar soil-based thermochemical cyclic oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil-based photochemical catalyst (6) during the preparation process, and then heat the H2O required for the thermochemical cyclic oxidation reaction and the photochemical oxidation reaction.

6. The parallel solar photo-thermal and chemical coupling lunar surface resource utilization method applied to the system of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method implementation process includes: The whole parallel solar photo-thermal chemical coupling lunar resource utilization system energy is provided by the high radiation intensity lunar sunlight collected by the solar light condensing and heat collecting system (1), and after the long wave band light and the short wave band light are separated by the solar light splitter (2), the long wave band light and the short wave band light are respectively injected into the thermo-chemical reactor (3) and the photo-chemical reactor (4); the thermo-chemical reactor (3) absorbs the long wave band sunlight to increase the temperature of the lunar soil based thermo-chemical circulation oxygen carrier material (5), and the thermo-chemical circulation reduction reaction is carried out to release oxygen, and then the H2O is introduced into the thermo-chemical reactor (3) to make the reduced lunar soil based thermo-chemical circulation oxygen carrier material (5) carry out oxidation reaction to release hydrogen; the photo-chemical reactor (4) receives the separated short wave band sunlight, and the lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) carries out photo-chemical reduction reaction under the excitation of the short wave band light to release oxygen; The vacuum collector (8) collects the outlet heat flow of the thermo-chemical reactor (3) and the photo-chemical reactor (4) through the pressure difference between the vacuum collector (8) and the thermo-chemical reactor (3) and the photo-chemical reactor (4), and the collected heat flow I and heat flow II enter the heat recovery regulation unit (7), the heat recovery regulation unit (7) regulates the subsequent reaction mode of the lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) after the photo-chemical reduction reaction according to the heat flow temperature, and at the same time, the heat flow is distributed: when the heat flow temperature is high, the reduced lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) carries out hydrogenation reduction reaction with hydrogen to obtain metal materials; when the heat flow temperature is low, the H2O is introduced into the photo-chemical reactor (4) to make the lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) carry out photo-chemical oxidation reaction with H2O to obtain hydrogen; The heat flow for the subsequent reaction of the lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) is regulated again by the heat recovery regulation unit (7), the heat flow which is not subjected to heat exchange first provides auxiliary heat for the sintering and forming of the lunar soil based thermo-chemical circulation oxygen carrier material (5) and the lunar soil based photo-chemical catalyst (6) in preparation, and then heats the H2O which needs to be introduced for the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction; the heat flow which is subjected to heat exchange is used to preferentially heat the H2O which needs to be introduced for the thermo-chemical oxidation reaction and the photo-chemical oxidation reaction.

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