A research method for ecological restoration of slopes of pumped storage power stations

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of biodiversity protection, and in particular to a research method for ecological restoration of a pumped-storage power station slope. The method comprises a vegetation community and soil survey method and a vegetation community niche analysis method. The vegetation community and soil survey method comprises a vegetation status survey and a soil status survey; the vegetation community niche analysis method comprises a niche width analysis and a niche overlap analysis; and the vegetation status survey comprises the following steps: collecting data on plant species and plant types; collecting data on slope engineering projects; using satellite remote sensing images to interpret the basis of various plant landscape types; verifying the accuracy of interpretation based on an interpreted vegetation and land use type preliminary map; reading the altitude and longitude and latitude of a measuring point using a GPS handheld device; and recording data of each GPS sampling point. The method investigates the native environment before construction to help make post-construction restoration more consistent with the native environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biodiversity protection, and in particular to a research method for ecological restoration of slopes of pumped-storage power stations. Background Art

[0002] Pumped storage, as the most mature, largest-scale and relatively economical energy storage technology currently in use, is an important means to build a new power system, promote green energy transformation, and achieve the "dual carbon" strategic goal. Pumped storage power stations need to have upper and lower reservoirs, including special construction contents such as "two tunnels and one road" (i.e., water diversion tunnel, ventilation tunnel, and upper and lower reservoir connecting roads). There are special disturbance areas such as large tunnel entrance slopes and upper and lower slopes of connecting roads. Secondly, pumped storage power stations are distributed over a wide area, covering many areas where climate and soil conditions are not conducive to ecological restoration. Due to the complex terrain of the region, the types of excavated slopes are diverse, and a large number of slopes are far away from the water body, resulting in poor hydrological conditions such as groundwater seepage recharge, which increases the difficulty of later ecological restoration.

[0003] Currently, commonly used restoration methods mostly use restoration technologies dominated by engineering construction, such as organic substrate spraying and vegetation concrete slope protection. However, these methods do not give enough consideration to the current status of the original environment. When selecting restoration species, the proportion of fast-growing pioneer plant species added is too large, and the plant configuration structure is single. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a research method for ecological restoration of the slopes of pumped storage power stations, which investigates the original environment before construction to help the restoration after construction to be more in line with the original environment.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A research method for ecological restoration of the slope of a pumped-storage power station includes an ecological environment research method and an ecological restoration method. The ecological environment research method includes a vegetation community and soil investigation method and a vegetation community niche analysis method; the ecological restoration research includes a plane structure design method, a three-dimensional structure design method, and a time structure design method.

[0007] Furthermore, the vegetation community and soil survey method includes a survey of the current status of vegetation and a survey of the current status of soil.

[0008] Furthermore, the survey of the vegetation status includes the following steps:

[0009] Collect data on plant species and plant types;

[0010] Collect data for slope engineering projects;

[0011] The basis for interpreting various plant landscape types using satellite remote sensing images;

[0012] Verify the accuracy of the interpretation based on the interpreted vegetation and land use type preliminary map;

[0013] Read the altitude and longitude and latitude of the measuring point using the GPS handheld device;

[0014] Record data for each GPS sampling point;

[0015] Conduct on-site surveys of vegetation along the project route using scientific methods;

[0016] Conduct a survey on species diversity and community type diversity along the project line.

[0017] Furthermore, the investigation of species diversity and community type diversity along the project line includes the following steps:

[0018] Conduct large-scale vegetation field surveys throughout the transfer area;

[0019] Set up sample lines based on the survey overview and vegetation distribution;

[0020] Record the basic characteristics of each plant community;

[0021] Conduct transect surveys;

[0022] Carry out GPS positioning and plot sampling surveys of different typical vegetation types;

[0023] Conduct qualitative judgment, quantitative observation and digital photography records of different community types and community appearance characteristics;

[0024] The site conditions of different communities, including longitude and latitude, altitude, aspect and slope, as well as vegetation types, were recorded.

[0025] Furthermore, the investigation of the soil status includes the following steps:

[0026] Collect relevant information;

[0027] Site layout design and on-site investigation;

[0028] Prepare sampling equipment;

[0029] Collect samples;

[0030] Record soil collection data;

[0031] Save the survey sample.

[0032] Furthermore, the vegetation community niche analysis method includes niche breadth analysis and niche overlap analysis.

[0033] The calculation formula for the niche width is:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, NB i is the niche width of i, P ij is the important value of i in the jth quadrat, n ij is the importance value of species i on quadrat j, N i is the sum of the importance values ​​of species i on all quadrats;

[0036] The calculation formula of the niche overlap is:

[0037]

[0038] Where: NO is the niche overlap, N is the number of plots, P i is the importance value on resource i, P j is the importance value on resource j, P ij is the important value of i in the jth quadrat.

[0039] Furthermore, the planar structure design method includes the following steps:

[0040] Determine the plant populations that are actually distributed and may be suitably distributed in horizontal space;

[0041] Assess each plant population in the above steps;

[0042] According to the demand, the required plant population is set as the optimized population;

[0043] According to demand, the population will be optimized for matching and layout.

[0044] Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure design method includes the following steps:

[0045] Design the three-dimensional space in layers;

[0046] Identify the main utilization layer of the three-dimensional space and other available space layers;

[0047] Select the plant populations of the main utilization layers;

[0048] Select plant populations in other spatial layers.

[0049] Furthermore, the time structure design method includes a population mosaic time structure design method, a dense time structure design method and an artificial facility time structure design method.

[0050] The population mosaic time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0051] Identify the main suitable plant species;

[0052] Determine the production period and quantity change sequence of the main suitable plant populations according to the environment;

[0053] Select at least one companion species based on the growth rhythm of the main suitable plant population;

[0054] The intensive time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0055] Identify suitable plant species;

[0056] Separate the young plants from the mature plants in the adapted plant population;

[0057] According to the natural environment, a time series of the juvenile stages of the suitable plant population is established, and the plants in each series are cultivated in batches;

[0058] The artificial facility time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0059] Determine the suitable plant population according to the temporal rhythm changes of the project construction sequence;

[0060] Build artificial facilities that are conducive to plant growth.

[0061] Furthermore, in the ecological restoration research, the principles of plant configuration include the principle of unity of model structure and function, the principle of improving the overall efficiency of the model, the principle of synchronization of resource protection and utilization, and the principle of multi-phenological adjustability.

[0062] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0063] 1. The present invention investigates the original environment before construction to help the restoration after construction to be more in line with the original environment.

[0064] 2. The present invention combines existing data, satellite remote sensing images and field surveys to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current status of vegetation and soil, forming an intuitive and scientific description of the current status of vegetation and soil, so as to facilitate construction personnel to repair the ecological environment after the completion of the project.

[0065] 3. Based on ecological principles such as niche characteristics and ecological suitability, this invention analyzes the limiting factors of vegetation configuration in different habitat conditions and different types of slopes, and studies the principles and elements of vegetation configuration for ecological restoration.

[0066] 4. This invention studies an ecological restoration species screening scheme based on a near-natural concept for the slopes of pumped-storage power stations in harsh habitat conditions such as high, steep, rocky, and ecologically fragile. Experimental analysis results in a suitable basic model for ecological restoration vegetation configuration.

[0067] 5. This invention is based on the basic model of vegetation configuration for ecological restoration of the slopes of pumped storage power stations, and comprehensively considers spatial levels, seasonal characteristics and landscape integration. The research content is all based on the landscape improvement technology of slope vegetation communities based on the near-natural concept. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 Flowchart for the survey of vegetation status;

[0069] Figure 2 Flowchart for the investigation of soil status;

[0070] Figure 3 A flow chart of the survey along the project line;

[0071] Figure 4 A flow chart of the planar structure design method;

[0072] Figure 5 A flow chart of the method for designing a three-dimensional structure;

[0073] Figure 6 Flowchart of the method for temporal structure design. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0076] See also Figures 1-6 A research method for ecological restoration of the slope of a pumped storage power station includes an ecological environment research method and an ecological restoration method. The ecological environment research method includes a vegetation community and soil investigation method and a vegetation community niche analysis method; the ecological restoration research includes a plane structure design method, a three-dimensional structure design method and a time structure design method.

[0077] When conducting ecological and environmental research, relevant data on the study area is first collected, primarily including topography, vegetation, soil, climate, meteorology, and socioeconomic data. Data on project environmental and water conservation is also collected, including the coordinates of towers along the project lines, the project environmental impact report (form) and its approval, and the soil and water conservation plan report and its approval. Field surveys utilize the GPS global positioning system, combining on-site visits and surveys to record mountain type, geographic location, altitude, land area, project status, and completion date. Vegetation surveys are conducted in different areas.

[0078] The difficulty of slope ecological restoration lies in the complex site conditions of the slopes. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors act as ecological constraints that make it difficult for plants to survive. The classification of slope vegetation restoration technologies reveals that each technique has its advantages, but also has specificity and limitations with respect to slope conditions. In actual slope vegetation restoration projects, four factors—slope lithology, slope gradient, degree of rock weathering, and slope stability—have the greatest influence on the choice of plant habitat reconstruction technology. Furthermore, due to the complexity of slope site conditions, relying solely on a single technology often fails to achieve design expectations and restoration goals. Therefore, a vegetation restoration model that combines multiple technologies is often necessary.

[0079] Furthermore, the vegetation community and soil survey method includes a survey of the current status of vegetation and a survey of the current status of soil.

[0080] The measurement indicators of the vegetation community and soil survey method include: slope aspect and gradient, soil hardness, plant coverage in each sample, plant growth type, plant height and plant species distribution. The survey and research of the present invention collects relevant information through various channels. Before the survey, the topography, vegetation, soil, climate and meteorology, social economy, tower coordinates, project environmental impact report (form) and its approval, soil and water conservation plan report (form) and its approval, soil and water conservation plan report and its approval, etc. are collected; during the field survey, the mountain type, geographical location, altitude, land area, project status, project completion time, total vegetation coverage, name of each plant and other information are recorded through a combination of on-site visits and surveys.

[0081] Furthermore, the survey of the vegetation status includes the following steps:

[0082] Collect data for slope engineering projects;

[0083] Collect and organize project engineering data, existing biodiversity data along the project route and adjacent areas, topographic maps, image maps, etc. Based on the analysis of existing data, determine the key areas and survey routes for field investigations.

[0084] The basis for interpreting various plant landscape types using satellite remote sensing images;

[0085] GPS sample points in satellite remote sensing images are used to interpret the types of various landscapes.

[0086] Verify the accuracy of the interpretation based on the interpreted vegetation and land use type preliminary map;

[0087] Read the altitude and longitude and latitude of the measuring point using the GPS handheld device;

[0088] Record data for each GPS sampling point;

[0089] The recorded data include: the altitude and longitude and latitude of the sample point; the vegetation type of the sample point; the slope aspect and slope gradient of the sample point; the dominant plants at the sample point; and the appearance and structural characteristics of typical vegetation at the sample point.

[0090] Conduct on-site surveys of vegetation along the project route using scientific methods;

[0091] Before determining the field vegetation survey, a detailed field survey of the vegetation along the project line or adjacent areas shall be conducted by adopting the methods of setting sample lines, field surveys, sampling surveys of sample lines and sample points, digital photographic records, specimen collection and indoor identification.

[0092] Conduct a survey on species diversity and community type diversity along the project line.

[0093] Furthermore, the investigation of species diversity and community type diversity along the project line includes the following steps:

[0094] Conduct large-scale vegetation field surveys throughout the transfer area;

[0095] Set up sample lines based on the survey overview and vegetation distribution;

[0096] The sample line runs through all types of vegetation along the entire project line to the greatest extent possible.

[0097] Record the basic characteristics of each plant community;

[0098] Conduct transect surveys;

[0099] The transect survey records the vascular plants along the route and collects plant specimens.

[0100] Carry out GPS positioning and plot sampling surveys of different typical vegetation types;

[0101] Conduct qualitative judgment, quantitative observation and digital photography records of different community types and community appearance characteristics;

[0102] The site conditions of different communities, including longitude and latitude, altitude, aspect and slope, as well as vegetation types, were recorded.

[0103] A detailed survey was conducted using a sampling method: Ten square plots were established along the two pilot projects, each measuring at least the minimum area of ​​the community. Surveys were conducted on both the shrub and herb layers. Shrub layer vegetation surveys typically used 5m x 5m plots, with records of shrub species, cover, height, frequency, and total cover recorded. Herb layer surveys typically used 1m x 1m or 2m x 2m plots, with the primary focus on recording herb species, cover, average height, and frequency. If vines were present, their species name and area of ​​cover were recorded.

[0104] Quadrat surveys provide a more detailed understanding of the characteristics of plant communities, allowing for accurate naming of plant communities and more confident determination of their succession direction. Quadrat surveys, combined with field surveys, allow for the statistical analysis of vegetation types within the construction-disturbed area along the project route, analyzing the area and overall proportion of different vegetation community types.

[0105] Furthermore, the investigation of the soil status includes the following steps:

[0106] Collect relevant information;

[0107] Collect soil maps, geological maps, large-scale topographic maps, and line route maps of the areas disturbed by the pumped-storage power station project, for use in creating sampling maps and marking sampling points. Collect soil information, including soil types and parent materials in the monitoring area. Also collect environmental research data on the impact of construction on soil, historical soil data, regional climate data (temperature, precipitation, and evaporation), hydrological data, and remote sensing data on soil utilization and its evolution in the monitoring area.

[0108] Site layout design and on-site investigation;

[0109] Determine the theoretical set of monitoring points within the survey area and develop a plan. Finally, conduct necessary on-site surveys to verify and optimize the theoretical point layout, forming the actual set of monitoring points within the survey area and revising the plan. The on-site survey primarily involves using GPS to calibrate the initial map-based monitoring points, conducting feasibility studies for soil sampling, and optimizing and adjusting the point layout.

[0110] Prepare sampling equipment;

[0111] The tools mainly include spiral drills, shovels, ring cutters and other soil-collecting tools; the equipment mainly includes GPS compasses, digital cameras, tape measures, aluminum boxes, sample bags, sample bottles and portable thermal insulation boxes.

[0112] Collect samples;

[0113] Sampling methods include single diagonal, double diagonal, checkerboard, and serpentine. The single diagonal method divides the diagonal into five equal sections, with sampling points located at the equal points. The double diagonal method is suitable for small, flat plots with relatively uniform soil composition and contamination levels, with approximately five sampling points. The checkerboard method is suitable for medium-sized, flat plots with uneven soil composition, with approximately ten sampling points. Soils contaminated by solid waste such as sludge and garbage should have at least 20 sampling points. The serpentine method is suitable for larger plots with uneven soil composition and uneven terrain, with approximately 15 sampling points. It is often used for agriculturally contaminated soils. To ensure sample representativeness and reduce monitoring costs, a composite sample collection strategy can be adopted. Each soil unit should have 3-7 sampling areas. A single sampling area can be a naturally divided area, preferably 200m x 200m. The sample from each sampling area is a composite soil sample. After mixing at each sampling point, use the quartering method to collect 100-200g of soil samples and place them into sample bags, discarding the excess. If using a soil drill, draw a circle with a radius of 1m from the center of the sampling point. Collect four samples at equal intervals on the circumference and one sample at the center. Mix the five samples by equal weight to form a single sample, retaining approximately 100-200g and discarding the remainder by quartering.

[0114] Due to the specific nature of the project, sampling is generally limited to surface soil, typically collected from 0-20 cm of soil. Individual or mixed samples can be collected. When determining certain soil physical and chemical properties, fresh soil samples are required, and these must be collected individually. Sampling is typically done in a 250ml sampling bottle with a PTFE liner. To prevent contamination of the bottle opening, a cardboard funnel can be formed into the bottle. The sample should be placed completely inside the bottle and stored at low temperatures.

[0115] Record soil collection data;

[0116] When sampling, number the samples and fill in the sampling records and sample labels. The sampling record form must be filled out on site, digital photos must be taken, and the latitude and longitude of the sample points must be recorded using GPS satellite positioning. The sampling record includes a simple description of the sample (such as soil texture, dryness and wetness, color, plant roots and amount of foreign matter, etc.), the surrounding conditions of the sampling point, and the history of land use. Prepare an 8-12 digit soil sample number according to the requirements of the plan, and fill in two labels on site, one placed in the sample bag and one tied to the outside of the sample bag. After sampling, the soil samples, sample bag labels, and sampling records must be checked item by item. If there are missing items or errors, they must be supplemented and corrected in a timely manner. Make detailed records of the specific conditions of the on-site sampling points, such as the morphological characteristics of the soil profile.

[0117] Save the survey sample.

[0118] At the sampling site, each sample must be checked against the sample label and sampling record, and then classified and packed. Samples must be strictly prevented from loss and confusion during transportation, and light-sensitive samples should be packaged in a light-proof outer package. Soil samples for determining organic matter should be refrigerated in a dark place at a low temperature (4°C). The soil sampling depth and sampling volume at each sampling point should be uniform and consistent, and the mixing ratio should be the same. The sampler should be inserted into the soil perpendicular to the ground and at the same depth. When sampling with a soil shovel, a section of the plow layer should be shoveled out first, and then the soil should be shoveled parallel to the section.

[0119] The field survey of the current status of soil includes soil type, soil layer thickness, soil erosion degree, gravel content, parent material type, etc. Portable rapid measuring instruments can be used to measure basic indicators such as soil moisture content, soil temperature, electrical conductivity, pH value, etc.; soil samples retrieved on site are analyzed for the physical and chemical properties of the surface soil that have the most significant impact on vegetation restoration, including soil structure, compaction, texture, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, infiltration rate, particle size classification, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other indicators. Nutritional diagnosis and analysis of the soil at the test site is carried out, and the average value of the five sample data in each sample plot represents the overall level of the sample site.

[0120] Furthermore, the vegetation community niche analysis method includes niche breadth analysis and niche overlap analysis.

[0121] The calculation formula for the niche width is:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, NB i is the niche width of i, P ij is the important value of i in the jth quadrat, n ij is the importance value of species i on quadrat j, N i is the sum of the importance values ​​of species i on all quadrats;

[0124] Niche breadth is the ratio of the area occupied by a particular plant to the area of ​​the entire grassland area.

[0125] The calculation formula of the niche overlap is:

[0126]

[0127] Where: NO is the niche overlap, N is the number of plots, P i is the importance value on resource i, P j is the importance value on resource j, P ij is the important value of i in the jth quadrat.

[0128] The calculation formula for the niche overlap of dominant species is based on the overlap index.

[0129] Furthermore, the planar structure design method includes the following steps:

[0130] Determine the plant populations that are actually distributed and may be suitably distributed in horizontal space;

[0131] Based on the natural conditions, native vegetation and model functional positioning of the model implementation site, as well as the possibility of introducing new and promising plant species, the actual distribution of plant populations in horizontal space and the possible distribution of suitable plant species are determined to form the basic material for plane structure design.

[0132] Assess each plant population in the above steps;

[0133] According to the demand, the required plant population is set as the optimized population;

[0134] According to demand, the population will be optimized for matching and layout.

[0135] The planar structural design of an adaptive plant configuration pattern refers to the arrangement of plant species adapted to specific natural resource and technical conditions in a specific proportion within the horizontal space of the adaptive plant configuration pattern, based on the "principle of biological adaptation to the environment" and the "principle of overall efficiency." This allows each plant population to "find its place" and maximize its production capacity and yield potential. The planar structural design of an adaptive plant configuration pattern requires a combination of adaptability, utilization, and adaptation, with adaptability and utilization as the primary focus. Therefore, a reasonable planar structure should be able to adapt to the local natural resource mix, reduce the material and energy consumption of "environmental control," achieve low-input, high-output ecological benefits, and simultaneously maximize the requirements of administrative authorities for the acceptance of engineering soil and water conservation facilities.

[0136] Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure design method includes the following steps:

[0137] Design the three-dimensional space in layers;

[0138] Generally, adaptive plant populations can be divided into above-ground and underground layers. The above-ground structure design is based on the stem, branch, leaf morphology, physiological and ecological characteristics of the various building groups and dominant plant populations that make up the plant complex planting community, so that they can complement and benefit each other, or have no effect on each other. The underground structure design should be reasonably matched according to the root distribution characteristics of the plant population and the absorption characteristics of nutrients and water.

[0139] Identify the main utilization layer of the three-dimensional space and other available space layers;

[0140] Select the plant populations of the main utilization layers;

[0141] That is, according to the plane structure design steps and methods of the suitable plant configuration pattern, the suitable dominant plant populations at the main level are selected.

[0142] Select plant populations in other spatial layers.

[0143] That is, select suitable plant species populations that can form a complementary relationship with the main-level plant biological populations (such as height, upright and creeping, sun-loving and shade-tolerant, deep roots and shallow roots, nitrogen-requiring and nitrogen-fixing, etc.), and scientifically match them to the three-dimensional space that the main-level populations cannot utilize.

[0144] The three-dimensional structural design of the adaptive plant configuration pattern refers to the rational allocation of a variety of suitable adaptive plant populations to corresponding vertical levels in the three-dimensional space of the adaptive plant configuration pattern, based on the biological "symbiosis principle", "niche filling principle" and "overall benefit principle", so that environmental resources can be more fully utilized and the model functions can be realized efficiently and continuously, while reducing restoration costs and enhancing vegetation restoration results. The requirement for the three-dimensional structural design of the adaptive plant configuration pattern is to simultaneously grasp and utilize the interaction mechanisms between organisms and the environment, and between organisms, and focus on the overall function and product output of the plant population composite planting community. Therefore, a reasonable three-dimensional structure of the adaptive plant configuration pattern should be able to thicken the utilization layer of the three-dimensional space per unit land area and optimize the allocation of suitable adaptive plant populations to each three-dimensional space utilization layer.

[0145] Furthermore, the time structure design method includes a population mosaic time structure design method, a dense time structure design method and an artificial facility time structure design method.

[0146] The population mosaic time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0147] Identify the main suitable plant species;

[0148] Determine the production period and quantity change sequence of the main suitable plant populations according to the environment;

[0149] Based on the temporal rhythm of local natural resources and actual project construction sequence and the resource utilization of the main suitable plant populations in each growth period, the production period and quantity change sequence of the main suitable plant populations are determined.

[0150] Select at least one companion species based on the growth rhythm of the main suitable plant population;

[0151] Companion species are also called embedded species. When selecting embedded species, it must be noted that the selected embedded species should not only cooperate with the rhythmic changes in resource requirements of the community-building species and not compete for resources with each other, but also the relationship with the community-building species should be mutually beneficial, or at least harmless to each other.

[0152] Temporal structure design for adaptive plant configuration patterns involves designing plant population temporal and functional rhythms that effectively utilize resources, including natural resources and the actual construction schedule, based on the temporal rhythms of various resources, including those of the natural environment and the actual construction schedule, and utilizing the growth and development patterns of adaptive plants. This approach aims to improve the utilization rate, efficiency, and overall benefits of the model's functionality per unit area, including its spatial resources, per unit time. Integrating the principles of biological adaptation to the environment and niche filling, a rational temporal structure design for adaptive plant configuration patterns primarily involves ensuring that the temporal sequence of the designed adaptive plant population closely aligns with the temporal rhythms of local resource changes. Furthermore, the temporal structure design ensures that the variety and quantity of adaptive plants produced by the adaptive plant configuration pattern over time meet the overall functionality of the model. Based on the method and nature of the temporal sequence determination, temporal structure design for adaptive plant configuration patterns can be categorized into three main categories: population mosaic design, population density design, and artificial facility design.

[0153] The intensive time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0154] Identify suitable plant species;

[0155] Separate the young plants from the mature plants in the adapted plant population;

[0156] The specific approach to designing the dense time structure of the population of the suitable plant configuration pattern is to follow the steps and methods of designing the plane structure of the suitable plant configuration pattern.

[0157] According to the natural environment, a time series of the juvenile stages of the suitable plant population is established, and the plants in each series are cultivated in batches;

[0158] According to the temporal rhythm of local resource changes, a time series of the juvenile stages of the corresponding suitable plant populations is established, and the juvenile stages of the established suitable plant populations are cultivated in batches at different growing sites. This ensures that the suitable plant populations in the main growing sites are relatively dense per unit time, which is beneficial for improving the utilization rate and efficiency of unit area, including its three-dimensional spatial resources per unit time, while also facilitating maintenance and management and reducing restoration costs.

[0159] The artificial facility time structure design method comprises the following steps:

[0160] Determine the suitable plant population according to the temporal rhythm changes of the project construction sequence;

[0161] Build artificial facilities that are conducive to plant growth.

[0162] Based on the alignment between the temporal changes in local natural resources and the resource demands of the adapted plant populations, appropriate artificial facilities should be implemented to alter the natural conditions that restrict the normal growth of the adapted plant populations. This will allow the adapted plant populations to achieve the temporal changes in resources that are modified by artificial facilities, thereby organizing their production in a timely manner. It is important to note that when determining the appropriate plant populations based on the completion sequence of project processes and the timing of acceptance of soil and water conservation facilities, the resource demands of the selected appropriate plant populations should generally align with the local natural resources. This is because, in current production practice, artificial facilities can only modify one or two natural environmental factors that restrict biological growth and development. With further research, actual project needs, and improved control over the natural environment by artificial forces, the scope of artificial facilities will continue to expand.

[0163] Furthermore, in the ecological restoration research, the principles of plant configuration include the principle of unity of model structure and function, the principle of improving the overall efficiency of the model, the principle of synchronization of resource protection and utilization, and the principle of multi-phenological adjustability.

[0164] The principle of bio-environmental adaptation states that every organism evolves in a certain environment. Due to the long-term influence of these environmental conditions, it develops specific needs for certain ecological factors during its life. Only when these specific needs are met can organisms grow and develop normally. The principle of bio-environmental adaptation suggests that in the design of adaptive plant configuration patterns, it is necessary not only to select dominant plant populations adapted to the local natural resource environment and growth conditions, but also to improve local natural environmental conditions and production conditions through artificial adjustments to planting procedures and planting techniques based on the established plant species' requirements for environmental conditions, so as to achieve bio-environmental adaptation and maximize the conversion of natural resources into biomass for restoration vegetation communities.

[0165] The principle of biological symbiosis means that biological symbiosis is a common phenomenon in natural ecosystems. Different biological populations can live together because there are positive interactions between species, such as primitive synergy, mutualism, and partial symbiosis. The principle of biological symbiosis shows that as long as species that can form primitive synergy, mutualism, and partial symbiosis are paired together, a positive interaction effect can be produced. Therefore, in the design of adaptive plant configuration patterns, the selection and matching of dominant populations in the community should be done by selecting pioneer species that can form symbiosis with established community-building species, or selecting companion species that can form symbiosis with established community-building species, so as to maximize the use and development of positive interactions between species, thereby expanding the space for effective resource utilization and improving the unit resource utilization rate and efficiency through resource complementary utilization.

[0166] The niche-filling principle states that if an ecological niche in an ecosystem is empty or poorly functioning, often characterized by fragile or blocked material and energy flows and value conversion, it can be enriched by introducing new species or implementing improved measures to achieve harmony with other niches, achieving mutual benefit and coexistence. This improves the overall structure and function of the system and can even multiply its overall benefits. The niche-filling principle states that within a community or artificial composite population in the same habitat, no two species occupy exactly the same niche; otherwise, fierce competition would inevitably ensue, potentially leading to the death of one species. While similar species can survive in a habitat, their similarities are limited, requiring niche fragmentation through spatial, temporal, nutritional, or age factors. To reduce or mitigate competition, when two or more species coexist in the same microhabitat, species with distinct niches should be selected whenever possible. Therefore, when designing adaptive plant configuration patterns, a holistic approach should be adopted. Existing species that do not meet the overall design requirements or are not found in their native habitats should be adjusted or improved, gradually achieving the overall design requirements and ultimately achieving greater overall benefits.

[0167] The principle of integrated benefit states that integrated benefits stem from the orderliness and integrity of a system's structure, namely, the close connections and good coordination between its components. This principle posits that through rational resource allocation, a sound feedback relationship between structure and function, and the prevention of functional offsets between components, a stable community can be established through enhanced "overall benefits." This principle suggests that in model design, intellectual investment should be made to leverage the overall strengths of each model component through effective design solutions to guide and promote overall functional optimization and improved benefits. To this end, when designing suitable plant configuration models, the type of suitable plant configuration model should be determined from the perspective of improving the regional ecological environment; the plant species involved in model construction and their spatial and temporal configuration should be determined from the perspective of integrating model functions.

[0168] The above-described embodiments merely represent specific implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A research method for ecological restoration of pumped storage power station slopes, characterized in that: It includes ecological environment research methods and ecological restoration methods. The ecological environment research methods include vegetation community and soil investigation methods and vegetation community niche analysis methods. The ecological restoration research includes plane structure design methods, three-dimensional structure design methods and time structure design methods. The vegetation community and soil survey methods include surveys of vegetation status and soil status; The survey of the vegetation status includes the following steps: Collect data on plant species and plant types; Collect data for slope engineering projects; The basis for interpreting various plant landscape types using satellite remote sensing images; Verify the accuracy of the interpretation based on the interpreted vegetation and land use type preliminary map; Read the altitude and longitude and latitude of the measuring point using the GPS handheld device; Record data for each GPS sampling point; Conduct on-site surveys of vegetation along the project route using scientific methods; Conduct surveys on species diversity and community type diversity along the project route; The vegetation community niche analysis method includes niche breadth analysis and niche overlap analysis. The calculation formula for the niche width is: Where, is the niche width of i, is the important value of i under the j-sample, is the importance value of species i on quadrat j, is the sum of the importance values ​​of species i on all quadrats; The calculation formula of the niche overlap is: Where: is the niche overlap, N is the number of quadrats, is the importance value on resource i, is the importance value on resource j, is the important value of i under the j-sample; The planar structure design method comprises the following steps: Determine the plant populations that are actually distributed and may be suitably distributed in horizontal space; Assess each plant population in the above steps; According to the demand, the required plant population is set as the optimized population; According to demand, the population will be optimized for matching and layout; The time structure design method includes a population mosaic time structure design method, a dense time structure design method and an artificial facility time structure design method. The population mosaic time structure design method comprises the following steps: Identify the main suitable plant species; Determine the production period and quantity change sequence of the main suitable plant populations according to the environment; Select at least one companion species based on the growth rhythm of the main suitable plant population; The intensive time structure design method comprises the following steps: Identify suitable plant species; Separate the young plants from the mature plants in the adapted plant population; According to the natural environment, a time series of the juvenile stages of the suitable plant population is established, and the plants in each series are cultivated in batches; The artificial facility time structure design method comprises the following steps: Determine the suitable plant population according to the temporal rhythm changes of the project construction sequence; Build artificial facilities that are conducive to plant growth.

2. A research method for ecological restoration of pumped storage power station slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The investigation of species diversity and community type diversity along the project line includes the following steps: Conduct large-scale vegetation field surveys throughout the transfer area; Set up sample lines based on the survey overview and vegetation distribution; Record the basic characteristics of each plant community; Conduct transect surveys; Carry out GPS positioning and plot sampling surveys of different typical vegetation types; Conduct qualitative judgment, quantitative observation and digital photography records of different community types and community appearance characteristics; The site conditions of different communities, including longitude and latitude, altitude, aspect and slope, as well as vegetation types, were recorded.

3. A research method for ecological restoration of pumped storage power station slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The investigation of the soil status includes the following steps: Collect relevant information; Site layout design and on-site investigation; Prepare sampling equipment; Collect samples; Record soil collection data; Save the survey sample.

4. A research method for ecological restoration of pumped storage power station slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional structure design method comprises the following steps: Design the three-dimensional space in layers; Identify the main utilization layer of the three-dimensional space and other available space layers; Select the plant populations of the main utilization layers; Select plant populations in other spatial layers.

5. The research method for ecological restoration of pumped storage power station slopes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the above-mentioned ecological restoration research, the principles of plant configuration include the principle of unity of model structure and function, the principle of improving the overall efficiency of the model, the principle of synchronization of resource protection and utilization, and the principle of multi-phenological adjustability.

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