A compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas.The application solves the problems of narrow bandwidth, low feed efficiency and small mechanical strength of a one-dimensional multi-beam single-pulse antenna.The technical points of the application are as follows: the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna is composed of a sum-difference comparator based on a half-height slot gap waveguide and a planar dragon's breath lens composed of sliding symmetrical pins.The sum-difference comparator comprises two feed ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides with different widths and a matching pin.The application is suitable for a large-view-field multi-beam single-pulse radar system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a single-pulse antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] The single-pulse radar is a high-precision tracking radar technology, and the single-pulse antenna can simultaneously generate a sum beam and a difference beam, the distance and speed information of a target is obtained through the echo of the sum beam, and the angle position information of the target is obtained through the difference beam.

[0003] The traditional single-pulse antenna forms include Cassegrain or aplanatic single-pulse reflector antennas and single-pulse slot array antennas, and can only generate a directional beam and change the pointing direction of the beam by mechanical rotation of a servo system.

[0004] At present, researchers have less studied the single-pulse antenna with a beam scanning function, and these single-pulse antennas are mainly in the forms of a substrate integrated waveguide Pillbox and a dielectric lens, and the sum-difference comparator is in the form of a substrate integrated waveguide or a microstrip circuit, and has problems of narrow bandwidth, low feed efficiency, small mechanical strength, and low overall integration of the antenna.

[0005] The Luneberg lens is a gradient distribution refractive index lens in a spherical or cylindrical structure, can converge a spherical wave vertically incident at the edge of the lens into a plane wave, and can be combined with a feed source to form a lens antenna with high gain, wide angle scanning and wideband performance. The Luneberg lens is widely used in high-gain radars, 5G communications, aerospace and other fields.

[0006] The gap waveguide is a new type of non-contact electromagnetic bandgap transmission line structure, and can guide electromagnetic wave directional propagation by introducing periodically arranged pins in a parallel plate waveguide to form an equivalent PMC surface. The conventional forms include a slot gap waveguide and a ridge gap waveguide, and are all-metal structures, have advantages of large bandwidth, high feed efficiency, low propagation loss and large mechanical strength, and are widely used in the design of various feed networks due to the non-contact characteristics of the upper and lower surfaces. SUMMARY

[0007] The application provides a compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna, and solves the problems of narrow bandwidth, low feed efficiency and small mechanical strength of the existing one-dimensional multi-beam single-pulse antenna.

[0008] The compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna comprises a sum-difference comparator, a planar Luneberg lens and a radiation aperture, the sum-difference comparator comprises two feed ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides and a matching pin, the sum-difference comparator is arranged on the outer ring of the radiation aperture, the planar Luneberg lens is arranged on the inner ring of the radiation aperture, the planar Luneberg lens comprises a sliding symmetrical pin, and the radiation aperture is connected through a metal pin.

[0009] Further, the sum-difference comparator is based on a half-height slot gap waveguide;

[0010] Further, the half-height slot gap waveguide comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer comprises an upper metal plate, the lower layer comprises a lower metal plate, and the upper layer and the lower layer are contactless;

[0011] Further, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are each provided with a transmission line pin, and the transmission line pins constitute two sections of slot gap waveguide;

[0012] Further, the two sections of slot gap waveguide have a width of 2.54 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively;

[0013] Further, the two feed ports comprise TE 10 mode feed ports and TE 20 mode feed ports;

[0014] Further, the TE 10 mode feed ports are fed from behind the sum-difference comparator;

[0015] Further, the TE 20 mode feed ports are fed from above the sum-difference comparator;

[0016] Further, the radiation aperture is of an exponential transition type;

[0017] Further, the structure of the sliding symmetry pin is that one layer of the periodically arranged pins remains unchanged, and the other layer is staggered by half a period along the horizontal x and y directions.

[0018] Advantages of the present application:

[0019] The present application comprises a compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna composed of a sum-difference comparator based on a half-height slot gap waveguide and a planar dragon's eye lens composed of sliding symmetry pins, the designed compact single-pulse comparator has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high feed efficiency, high port isolation, and compact structure;

[0020] Traditional planar metal lens antennas can only generate one beam in each direction, the present application realizes a one-dimensional wide-angle range with a compact structure, and can simultaneously generate multiple sum-difference beams, and has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high mechanical strength, and compact structure.

[0021] The present application is suitable for large field of view multi-beam single-pulse radar systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The 3D schematic view of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to the first embodiment, wherein 1 is a screw, 2 is a waveguide aperture, 3 is a sum-difference comparator, and 4 is a radiation aperture;

[0023] Figure 2 The assembly diagram of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to embodiment one, wherein 5 is a planar Leaky Lens;

[0024] Figure 3 The horizontal cross-sectional top view of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to embodiment one, wherein 3-1 is the sum beam feeding port of the sum-difference comparator, and 3-2 is the matching peg of the sum-difference comparator;

[0025] Figure 4 The horizontal cross-sectional bottom view of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to embodiment one, wherein 3-3 is the TE 20 mode feeding port of the sum-difference comparator;

[0026] Figure 5 The vertical cross-sectional view of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to embodiment one;

[0027] Figure 6 The three-dimensional diagram of the gap waveguide sum-difference comparator according to embodiment two, wherein 3-4 is the TE 10 mode feeding port of the sum-difference comparator;

[0028] Figure 7 The vertical cross-sectional view of the gap waveguide sum-difference comparator according to embodiment two;

[0029] Figure 8 The horizontal cross-sectional top view of the gap waveguide sum-difference comparator according to embodiment two, wherein 3-5 is the sliding symmetrical peg structure of the upper and lower layers;

[0030] Figure 9 The horizontal cross-sectional bottom view of the gap waveguide sum-difference comparator according to embodiment two;

[0031] Figure 10 The sliding symmetrical peg unit diagram according to embodiment four;

[0032] Figure 11 The horn-type radiation aperture diagram according to embodiment seven;

[0033] Figure 12 The S parameter of the sum-difference comparator according to embodiment eight, with the horizontal coordinate being the bandwidth in GHz and the vertical coordinate being the gain in dB;

[0034] Figure 13 The S parameter of the multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to embodiment eight, with the horizontal coordinate being the bandwidth in GHz and the vertical coordinate being the gain in dB;

[0035] Figure 14The multi-beam single pulse antenna radiation pattern of the eighth embodiment, the horizontal coordinate is the scanning angle of the antenna, unit degree, the vertical coordinate is the gain, unit dBi.

[0036] Figure 15 The schematic diagram of the conventional pin and transmission line pin 3-2 of the first embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The first embodiment is described with reference to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 15 This embodiment is described.

[0038] The compact full-metal multi-beam single pulse antenna of the embodiment comprises a sum-difference comparator 3, a planar dragon's eye lens 5 and a radiation aperture 4, the sum-difference comparator 3 comprises two feeding ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides and a matching pin 3-2; the sum-difference comparator 3 is arranged outside the outer ring of the radiation aperture 4, the planar dragon's eye lens 5 is arranged inside the inner ring of the radiation aperture 4, and the radiation aperture 4 is connected by a screw 1.

[0039] Specifically:

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The overall structure of the compact full-metal multi-beam single pulse antenna of the embodiment is a two-layer metal structure, which realizes the full-metal structure, and the two-layer metal structure is fixed by a screw 1, which is a metal screw.

[0041] Among them, 2 is the waveguide aperture, which is used to connect the standard waveguide for feeding.

[0042] Among them, the compact single pulse sum-difference comparator designed in the embodiment is based on a half-high slot gap waveguide, which comprises two feeding ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides and a matching pin 3-2, and the widths of the two sections of slot gap waveguides are different.

[0043] The number of sum-difference comparators in the embodiment is 7, and the number thereof is determined by the size of the lens on different antennas, and the distance between the two adjacent sum-difference comparators needs to be appropriate.

[0044] As shown in Figure 15As shown in the figure, the conventional pin and the pin used in the embodiment are shown, the half-height slot gap waveguide includes an upper metal plate and a lower metal plate, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate each have a transmission line pin with a height of about half of the conventional gap waveguide, and the air gap is located between the two layers. Specifically: the air gap height is less than one quarter of the wavelength.

[0045] The above structure has similar electromagnetic characteristics with the slot gap waveguide, and the structure is more compact and easy to process.

[0046] The planar dragon's eye lens described in the embodiment is realized by a sliding symmetric pin structure, when the periodical arranged pin layer keeps the position unchanged, the other layer is staggered by half a period along the horizontal x, y direction, and in the structure, the first mode transmitted keeps the phase constant β approximately linearly changes with the frequency f in a wide frequency band, and the equivalent refractive index n is

[0047]

[0048] Where the speed of light c=3×10 8 (m / s), then the equivalent refractive index of the structure is approximately constant in a wide frequency band.

[0049] The refractive index n of the dragon's eye lens changes with the radius r as

[0050]

[0051] By changing the height of the sliding symmetric pin, the value of the corresponding refractive index in different regions is changed, thereby realizing a wideband planar dragon's eye lens.

[0052] The gap waveguide single pulse comparator designed in the embodiment has the advantages of large bandwidth, high feeding efficiency, high port isolation, and compact structure.

[0053] A compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna described in the embodiment realizes the generation of multiple pointing sum and difference beams in a one-dimensional wide angle range with a compact structure, and has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high mechanical strength, compact structure, etc., to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, low feeding efficiency, and small mechanical strength of the existing one-dimensional multi-beam single-pulse antenna.

[0054] Embodiment two: refer to Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 Explain the embodiment.

[0055] The embodiment is a further illustration of the sum and difference comparator 3 in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna described in embodiment one.

[0056] The sum and difference comparator described in the embodiment is a half-height slot gap waveguide.

[0057] Specifically,

[0058] The half-height slot gap waveguide of the present embodiment includes two feed ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides with different widths of 2.54 mm and 4.0 mm, and a matching pin 3-2.

[0059] Embodiment three:

[0060] The present embodiment is a further illustration of the half-height slot gap waveguide in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of embodiment two.

[0061] The half-height slot gap waveguide of the present embodiment includes an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer includes an upper metal plate, the lower layer includes a lower metal plate, and the upper layer and the lower layer are in contact.

[0062] Specifically,

[0063] The present embodiment adopts the structure of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate to realize a full-metal antenna.

[0064] Embodiment four: reference Figure 10 The present embodiment is described.

[0065] The present embodiment is a further illustration of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of embodiment three.

[0066] The upper metal plate and the lower metal plate of the present embodiment are each provided with a transmission line pin 3-1, which constitutes two sections of slot gap waveguides.

[0067] Specifically,

[0068] The pin of the present embodiment is located at the junction of the two sections of slot gap waveguides with different widths, and is used to simultaneously match the TE 10 mode and the TE 20 mode of the waveguide width change.

[0069] Embodiment five:

[0070] The present embodiment is a further illustration of the two sections of slot gap waveguides in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of embodiment one.

[0071] The two sections of slot gap waveguides of the present embodiment have widths of 2.54 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively.

[0072] Embodiment six:

[0073] The embodiment is a further illustration of the two feed ports in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of the first embodiment.

[0074] The two feed ports of the embodiment include TE 10 The module feed port 3-4 and TE 20 The module feed port 3-3.

[0075] Specifically:

[0076] The TE 10 The module feed port 3-4 is fed from the rear of the sum-difference comparator, which can generate TE 10 Module electromagnetic waves are used to generate sum beams.

[0077] The TE 20 The module feed port 3-3 is fed from the top of the sum-difference comparator, which can generate TE 20 Module electromagnetic waves are used to generate difference beams.

[0078] The matching peg 3-2 is located at the junction of the two sections of gap waveguide of different widths, which is used to simultaneously match the TE 10 Module and TE 20 Module.

[0079] Embodiment seven: refer to Figure 11 This embodiment is described.

[0080] The embodiment is a further illustration of the radiation aperture 4 in the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of the first embodiment.

[0081] The radiation aperture of the embodiment is a horn-type radiation aperture.

[0082] Specifically:

[0083] The horn-type radiation aperture of the embodiment is an exponential transition type, which can better match the electromagnetic waves in the planar dragon-bore lens 5 and the free space, thereby reducing the overall reflection coefficient of the antenna and improving the feed efficiency.

[0084] Embodiment eight: refer to Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 This embodiment is described.

[0085] The embodiment is a further illustration of the compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna of the first embodiment to the ninth embodiment.

[0086] The embodiment is a W-band multi-beam single-pulse antenna, which is composed of 7 above-mentioned sum-difference comparators, above-mentioned planar dragon's eye lens and horn type radiation aperture, and the antenna as a whole is made of copper metal.

[0087] The S parameters of the sum-difference comparator are shown in Figure 12 Fig. 2, wherein the sum port is the 1 port and the difference port is the 2 port.

[0088] The S parameters of the antenna are shown in Figure 13 Fig. 3, and the antenna bandwidth is 84-107 GHz (24.1%).

[0089] The antenna radiation direction is shown in Figure 14 Fig. 4, the scanning angle range of the multi-beam single-pulse antenna is 60°-+60°, and the 7 sum-difference comparator feeds are distributed at -60°, -40°, -20°, 0°, +20°, +40° and +60° to generate sum-difference pulse beams, and the radiation patterns of the two side ports are symmetrical, and here four patterns of -60°, -40°, -20° and 0° are given. The peak gain of the sum beam varies within 22.7-23.1 dBi, the peak gain of the difference beam varies within 21.0-21.6 dBi, the peak gain difference of each pair of difference beams is less than 2.7 dB, and the difference beam null depth is greater than 22 dB.

[0090] In summary, the bandwidth of the above-mentioned antenna is increased by 10% compared with the conventional same type of antenna.

Claims

1. A compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna comprising a sum-and-difference comparator (3), a planar Lecher lens (5) and a radiating aperture (4), characterized in that, The sum-difference comparator (3) comprises two feeding ports, two sections of slot gap waveguides and a matching pin (3-2); the sum-difference comparator (3) and a radiation aperture (4) are arranged on the outer ring of the planar Leaky Lens (5), the planar Leaky Lens (5) comprises a sliding symmetry pin, the radiation aperture (4) is connected by a screw (1), the sum-difference comparator (3) is a half-height slot gap waveguide, the half-height slot gap waveguide comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer comprises an upper metal plate, the lower layer comprises a lower metal plate, the upper layer and the lower layer are not in contact, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are respectively provided with a transmission line pin (3-1), the transmission line pin (3-1) constitutes two sections of slot gap waveguides, the widths of the two sections of slot gap waveguides are different, the matching pin (3-2) is located at the joint position of the two sections of slot gap waveguides with different widths, and the structure of the sliding symmetry pin is that one layer of the pins arranged periodically keeps the position unchanged, and the other layer of the pins is staggered by half a period along the horizontal x and y directions.

2. The compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The widths of the two sections of slot gap waveguides are 2.54 mm and 4.0 mm respectively.

3. The compact full-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The two feed ports comprise TE 10 Mode feed port (3-4) and TE 20 Mode feed port (3-3).

4. The compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The TE 10 The mode feed port (3-4) is fed from behind the sum and difference comparator (3).

5. The compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The TE 20 The mode feed port (3-3) is fed from above the sum and difference comparator (3).

6. The compact all-metal multi-beam single-pulse antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation aperture (4) is of an exponential transition type.

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