Straw antinutrient leaching method

Abstract

The application discloses a straw ant cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: plot selection, land preparation, ant nest composite planting, straw feeding and mushroom management; the straw ant cultivation method is based on the biological ecology principle of ant foraging behavior, aims at creating suitable microorganisms, temperature and humidity microenvironment under different environments, and providing straw food to increase the foraging efficiency of ants, so as to increase the efficiency of straw decomposition of the ant nest system; in addition, the straw ant cultivation method can help to relieve the agricultural environmental problems of straw recycling, increase the yield of wild chicken conk and ant insect protein, and create economic value with high added value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw. Background Technology

[0002] Termites belong to the order Blattodea, suborder Isoptera, and are closely related to cockroaches. Termites in the subfamily Macrotermitinae and the genus *Termitomyces* have a strict symbiotic relationship. This includes the genera *Macrotermes*, *Odontotermes*, *Ancistrotermes*, and *Microtermes*. Most termites in this subfamily can only utilize dead plant resources and do not directly damage plant growth. Termites remove unwanted fungi and secrete nutrients essential for the growth of *Termitomyces* fungus, thus determining the healthy development of the fungus. The intestines of adult termites may contain *Termitomyces* mycelium, which is dispersed during termite swarming. Similarly, termite larvae are extremely vulnerable and require small white spheres of *Termitomyces* fungus as food to develop into worker, soldier, and reproductive termites. Termite colonies can effectively utilize crop straw resources, especially those from C4 crops rich in nutrients. Termites feed on plant materials that are low in toxicity but rich in cellulose and lignin due to fungal fermentation. This provides a carbon source for the symbiotic gut microbiota of termites. The anaerobic gut microbiota of termites and the nest microbiota in the low-oxygen environment can fix nitrogen, an essential element for biological growth, converting inert nitrogen in the air into ammonium and nitrate nitrogen that can be used to synthesize proteins, which is then utilized by the termite fungus. While the endosymbiotic bacteria provide nutrients for the termites themselves, the termite excrement residue processed by the gut microbiota also provides carbon and nitrogen sources for the termite fungus by forming a nest substrate, which can well meet the growth needs of the termite fungus. During the rainy season, the termite fungus grows excessively because it is not harvested by termites. Under suitable microenvironmental conditions, this eventually promotes the growth of fruiting bodies. Some fruiting bodies in the shallow soil layer grow out of the ground as the soil becomes soft due to high moisture content.

[0003] Due to the complex symbiotic relationships between termites and termites, and between termites and endosymbiotic fungi, artificially simulating the corresponding environment is not feasible. Although the symbiotic environmental conditions for termite mushrooms are demanding, their natural growth environments are generally quite ordinary, and they can still grow in areas with significant human interference. Termite mushrooms can also grow in farmland where specific crops are grown or where specific farming methods are employed. For example, in cornfields and sugarcane fields where pesticides and herbicides are not used, the abundant straw, after drying, can be consumed by termites, leading to the growth of large quantities of termite mushrooms in such food-rich farmland.

[0004] The artificial cultivation techniques for Termitomyces albuminosus (Termitomyces mushroom) have been extensively studied, and the strains and mycelium are relatively easy to obtain. The composition of its culture medium has been reported multiple times. The traditional method of cultivating Termitomyces albuminosus by collecting termite nests has been further developed by some enthusiasts; however, collecting termite nests in the wild is destructive and not a sustainable method for Termitomyces albuminosus cultivation. Some researchers have also designed sophisticated indoor devices for cultivating termite-termitomyces albuminosus. However, researchers' understanding of the growth environment of Termitomyces albuminosus and its symbiotic relationship with termites is still insufficient, and to date, no technology has been reported for large-scale successful cultivation of Termitomyces albuminosus.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating termites by decomposing straw into fungi. This method can be used for large-scale, fully simulated wild cultivation of termite fungi and to realize the utilization of straw resources, providing a technical basis for carrying out green organic agricultural production and environmental management projects related to termites.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0008] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] (a) Site selection:

[0010] Choose a suitable plot of land for the growth of termites that cultivate fungi;

[0011] (b) Land preparation:

[0012] Turn over the soil on the plot, and then make seedling holes, feeding holes and / or feeding ditches on the plot. Seedling holes are set on both sides of the feeding ditch, and feeding holes are set on the other side of the seedling holes away from the feeding ditch.

[0013] (c) Ant nest integrated farming:

[0014] Place the termite-termite symbiotic seedlings into the seedling holes and spray them with symbiotic fertilizer that inhibits mold. After marking them, backfill the soil, compact it, and process it into a mound that is higher than the ground.

[0015] (d) Feeding with straw:

[0016] Dry the straw, cut it into sections, and then put the straw sections into the feeding ditch and feeding hole, and spray the surface with symbiotic bacteria fertilizer that inhibits mold.

[0017] (e) Mushroom production management:

[0018] During the feeding season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 15–33℃ and the soil moisture content at 8%–18%; during the fruiting season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 21–28℃ and the soil moisture content at 12%–20%.

[0019] Preferably, in step (a), wasteland, farmland where termite mushrooms have grown, farmland where pesticides and fertilizers have not been used extensively, land where highly toxic plants have not grown, or farmland where organic and green production management is carried out are selected.

[0020] Preferably, the geographical conditions for selecting the land parcel are as follows:

[0021] The altitude ranges from 50 to 2500 meters, the temperature of the soil constant temperature layer is between 10 and 30℃, the annual rainfall is between 700 and 2000 mm, the duration of surface water accumulation during the rainy season is less than 8 hours, and the soil layer thickness is between 30 and 200 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in step (b), the distance between the seedling hole and the feeding ditch and the feeding hole is 30-80cm respectively;

[0023] The depths of the seedling holes, feeding holes, and feeding ditches are 30–80 cm; the diameters of the seedling holes are 5–15 cm; the diameters of the feeding holes are 10–20 cm; and the widths of the feeding ditches are 15–30 cm.

[0024] The distance between adjacent seedling holes is 1 to 3 meters.

[0025] Preferably, in step (b), the feeding ditch can be straight, square, or comb-shaped, and the distance between parallel adjacent feeding ditches is not less than 3m.

[0026] Preferably, the soil is turned over when the soil moisture content is below 10%, and the thickness of the turned-over soil is 8-12 cm.

[0027] Preferably, in step (c), the height of the mound is 10-20 cm.

[0028] Preferably, step (c) further includes: planting straw crops or fruit trees at the middle position of adjacent feeding ditches; the distance between the straw crops or fruit trees and the planting hole is not less than 50cm.

[0029] Preferably, a ground feeding area is set up in the middle of adjacent feeding ditches for feeding straw on the ground.

[0030] Preferably, the straw crops include corn, sorghum, sugarcane, giant reed, sunflower, and rapeseed.

[0031] Preferably, in step (d), the length of the straw segment is 10-200cm; the annual straw segment addition is 0.5-10t / mu.

[0032] Preferably, step (d) further includes covering the surfaces of the seedling holes, feeding holes, and feeding ditches with mulch.

[0033] Preferably, in steps (c) and (d), the symbiotic microbial fertilizer is used to decompose pesticide and fertilizer residues and synergistically inhibit harmful bacteria that have an antagonistic effect on ant nest decomposition. Its main components include microbial species that have functions such as inhibiting ant nest ant ant molds, providing synergistic disease-resistant chemical substances, providing nitrogen fixation ability, and providing ant nest nutrient interaction ability. Specifically, the symbiotic microbial fertilizer includes Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides.

[0034] Preferably, in step (d), the straw includes corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, sunflower stalks, rapeseed stalks, tobacco stalks, dead branches from fruit tree pruning, dead branches from economic forest trees, dead branches from garden pruning, wood processing waste, and non-toxic waste mushroom bags from edible fungi cultivation.

[0035] Preferably, the non-toxic waste mushroom bags used for edible fungi cultivation include mushroom bags or sticks containing shiitake mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus, etc., which can prevent the outbreak of harmful bacteria.

[0036] Preferably, in step (e), soil temperature and humidity can be controlled by methods such as shaping the micro-topography, controlling the coverage of the mulch film, covering with reflective aluminum film, sunshine duration, drainage, and rainfall infiltration.

[0037] Preferably, in step (a), the termites used for cultivating the fungus include any one of the genera *Macrotermes*, *Odontotermes*, *Gnaphalium*, and *Hylocereus*.

[0038] Preferably, the termites used for cultivating the fungus can be *O. formosanus*, *O. yunnanensis*, *O. hainanensis*, *M. barneyi*, *M. yunnanensis*, *M. annandalei*, *Microtermesmenglunensis*, or *A. dimorphus*.

[0039] Preferably, the symbiotic fungi of the genus Termitomyces include large, rhizoid-enlarged spherical anthill mushrooms such as *T. globulus*, *T. robustus*, *T. bulborhizus*, *T. eurrhizus*, medium-sized white-stalked anthill mushrooms such as *T. albiceps*, columnar anthill mushrooms such as *T. macrocarpus*, striped anthill mushrooms such as *T. striatus*, black-capped anthill mushrooms such as *T. entolomoides*, shield-shaped anthill mushrooms such as *T. intermedius*, *T. heimi*, and *T. mammiformis*.

[0040] Preferably, the straw corresponding to different ant nests is as follows:

[0041] Black-winged subterranean termites - true-rooted umbrella-corn stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - true-rooted umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - interspersed termite mushrooms - withered rapeseed stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - golden umbrella-corn stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - striped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - shield-shaped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - interspersed umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - black-capped umbrella-lychee tree pruned dead branches composite; Small-headed hooked termites - shield-shaped umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yellow-winged Macrotermes - columnar umbrella-corn stalk composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - true root umbrella-corn stalk composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - true root umbrella-waxberry tree pruning material composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - spherical umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yunnan subterranean termite - Termitomyces heimerii - corn stalk composite; Yunnan subterranean termite - Termitomyces heimerii - wood processing waste composite; Yunnan macrotermite - golden umbrella-economic forest dead branches and fallen leaves composite; Black-winged subterranean termite - bulbous umbrella-corn stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termite - thick-stalked umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yellow-winged macrotermite - thick-stalked umbrella-corn stalk composite; Menglun microtermite - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0043] The straw-based termite-inducing method of this invention can be used for large-scale, fully simulated wild cultivation of termite fungi (Termitomyces cerevisiae) and realizes the utilization of straw resources, providing a technical foundation for carrying out green organic agricultural production and environmental governance projects related to termites.

[0044] This invention is based on the biological and ecological principles of termite feeding behavior. It aims to increase the efficiency of termite feeding by creating suitable microenvironments with appropriate microorganisms, temperature, and humidity under different conditions and by providing straw as food. This increases the efficiency of straw transfer and decomposition in the termite nest system. In addition, the straw-termite decomposition and bacterial cultivation method of this invention helps alleviate the agricultural environmental problems of straw recycling while increasing the yield of wild termite mushrooms and termite insect protein, thus creating economic value with high added value. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the distribution structure of the feeding trench and seedling hole in the straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a plot layout diagram of the present invention, which involves planting straw crops and fruit trees between adjacent feeding ditches. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore only examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0050] This invention provides a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0051] (a) Site selection:

[0052] Choose a suitable plot of land for the growth of termites that cultivate fungi;

[0053] (b) Land preparation:

[0054] Turn over the soil on the plot, and then make seedling holes, feeding holes and / or feeding ditches on the plot. Seedling holes are set on both sides of the feeding ditch, and feeding holes are set on the other side of the seedling holes away from the feeding ditch.

[0055] (c) Ant nest integrated farming:

[0056] Place the termite-termite symbiotic seedlings into the seedling holes and spray them with symbiotic fertilizer that inhibits mold. After marking them, backfill the soil, compact it, and process it into a mound that is higher than the ground.

[0057] (d) Feeding with straw:

[0058] Dry the straw, cut it into sections, and then put the straw sections into the feeding ditch and feeding hole, and spray the surface with symbiotic bacteria fertilizer that inhibits mold.

[0059] (e) Mushroom production management:

[0060] During the feeding season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 15–33℃ and the soil moisture content at 8%–18%; during the fruiting season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 21–28℃ and the soil moisture content at 12%–20%.

[0061] The straw-based termite-inducing method of this invention can be used for large-scale, fully simulated wild cultivation of termite fungi (Termitomyces cerevisiae) and realizes the utilization of straw resources, providing a technical foundation for carrying out green organic agricultural production and environmental governance projects related to termites.

[0062] In one embodiment, in step (a), wasteland, farmland where termite mushrooms have grown, farmland where pesticides and fertilizers have not been used extensively, land where highly toxic plants have not grown, or farmland where organic and green production management is carried out are selected.

[0063] In one implementation, the geographical conditions for selecting the land parcel are as follows:

[0064] The altitude ranges from 50 to 2500 meters, the temperature of the soil constant temperature layer is between 10 and 30℃, the annual rainfall is between 700 and 2000 mm, the duration of surface water accumulation during the rainy season is less than 8 hours, and the soil layer thickness is between 30 and 200 cm.

[0065] In one embodiment, in step (b), the distance between the seedling hole and the feeding ditch and the feeding hole is 30-80 cm respectively;

[0066] The depths of the seedling holes, feeding holes, and feeding ditches are 30–80 cm; the diameters of the seedling holes are 5–15 cm; the diameters of the feeding holes are 10–20 cm; and the widths of the feeding ditches are 15–30 cm.

[0067] The distance between adjacent seedling holes is 1 to 3 meters.

[0068] In one embodiment, in step (b), the feeding ditch can be straight, square, or comb-shaped, and the distance between parallel adjacent feeding ditches is not less than 3m.

[0069] In one embodiment, when the feeding ditch is straight, the layout of the seedling holes and the feeding ditch is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0070] In one embodiment, when the soil moisture content of the plot is less than 10%, the soil is turned over, and the thickness of the turned-over soil is 8 to 12 cm.

[0071] In one embodiment, in step (c), the height of the mound is 10-20 cm.

[0072] In one embodiment, step (c) further includes: planting straw crops or fruit trees at the midpoint between adjacent feeding ditches; the distance between the planted straw crops or fruit trees and the planting hole is not less than 50cm, and the plot planting layout structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0073] In one embodiment, a ground feeding area is set up in the middle of adjacent feeding ditches for feeding straw on the ground.

[0074] In one embodiment, the straw crops include corn, sorghum, sugarcane, giant reed, sunflower, and rapeseed.

[0075] In one embodiment, in step (d), the length of the straw segment is 10-200cm; the annual amount of straw segments added is 0.5-10t / mu.

[0076] In one embodiment, step (d) further includes covering the surfaces of the seedling holes, feeding holes, and feeding ditches with mulch.

[0077] In one embodiment, in steps (c) and (d), the symbiotic microbial fertilizer is used to decompose pesticide and fertilizer residues and synergistically inhibit harmful bacteria that have an antagonistic effect on ant nest decomposition. Its main components include microbial species that have functions such as inhibiting ant nest ant ant molds, providing synergistic disease-resistant chemical substances, providing nitrogen fixation capacity, and providing ant nest nutrient interaction capacity. Specifically, the symbiotic microbial fertilizer includes Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides.

[0078] In one embodiment, in step (d), the straw includes corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, sunflower stalks, rapeseed stalks, tobacco stalks, dead branches from fruit tree pruning, dead branches from economic forest trees, dead branches from garden pruning, wood processing waste, and non-toxic waste mushroom bags from edible fungi cultivation.

[0079] In one embodiment, the non-toxic waste mushroom bags for edible fungi cultivation include mushroom bags or sticks containing shiitake mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus, etc., which can prevent the outbreak of harmful bacteria.

[0080] In one embodiment, in step (e), soil temperature and humidity can be controlled by methods such as shaping the micro-topography, controlling the coverage of the mulch film, covering with reflective aluminum film, sunshine duration, drainage, and rainfall infiltration.

[0081] In one embodiment, in step (a), the termites used for cultivation include any one of the genera *Macrotermes*, *Odontotermes*, *Geotermes*, and *Hylocereus*.

[0082] In one embodiment, the termites used for cultivating the fungus can be *O. formosanus*, *O. yunnanensis*, *O. hainanensis*, *M. barneyi*, *M. yunnanensis*, *M. annandalei*, *Microtermesmenglunensis*, or *A. dimorphus*.

[0083] In one embodiment, the symbiotic fungi of the genus Termitomyces include large, rhizoid-enlarged spherical anthill mushrooms such as *T. globulus*, *T. robustus*, *T. bulborhizus*, *T. eurrhizus*, medium-sized white-stalked anthill mushrooms such as *T. albiceps*, columnar anthill mushrooms such as *T. macrocarpus*, striped anthill mushrooms such as *T. striatus*, black-capped anthill mushrooms such as *T. entolomoides*, shield-shaped anthill mushrooms such as *T. intermedius*, *T. heimi*, and *T. mammiformis*.

[0084] In one embodiment, the straw corresponding to different ant nests is as follows:

[0085] Black-winged subterranean termites - true-rooted umbrella-corn stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - true-rooted umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - interspersed termite mushrooms - withered rapeseed stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termites - golden umbrella-corn stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - striped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Small-headed hooked termites - shield-shaped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - interspersed umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite; Hainan subterranean termites - black-capped umbrella-lychee tree pruned dead branches composite; Small-headed hooked termites - shield-shaped umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yellow-winged Macrotermes - columnar umbrella-corn stalk composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - true root umbrella-corn stalk composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - true root umbrella-waxberry tree pruning material composite; Fine-jawed subterranean termite - spherical umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yunnan subterranean termite - Termitomyces heimerii - corn stalk composite; Yunnan subterranean termite - Termitomyces heimerii - wood processing waste composite; Yunnan macrotermite - golden umbrella-economic forest dead branches and fallen leaves composite; Black-winged subterranean termite - bulbous umbrella-corn stalk composite; Black-winged subterranean termite - thick-stalked umbrella-corn stalk composite; Yellow-winged macrotermite - thick-stalked umbrella-corn stalk composite; Menglun microtermite - black-capped umbrella-sugarcane stalk composite.

[0086] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0087] The raw materials used in the following embodiments are as follows:

[0088] Termite-derived termite mushroom seedlings: Seedlings of *Termitomyces albuminosus* coexisting with *Termitomyces albuminosus*, *Termitomyces albuminosus*, *Termitomyces albuminosus*, *Termitomyces albuminosus*, *Termitomyces albuminosus*, and *Termitomyces albuminosus*; seedlings of *Termitomyces yunnanensis* coexisting with *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces heim*; seedlings of *Termitomyces yelnosus* coexisting with *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces albuminosus*; seedlings of *Termitomyces simonii* coexisting with *Termitomyces albuminosus*, *Termitomyces albuminosus*, and *Termitomyces albuminosus*; all seedlings include 1-3 queens and 1 king, 10-50mm fungal nests, and 100-200 worker and soldier termites.

[0089] Symbiotic microbial fertilizer:

[0090] Four species of Bacillus were isolated and cultured from 10 billion bacteria, one species of Streptomyces was isolated and cultured from 10 billion bacteria, one species of Aspergillus niger was isolated and cultured from 1 species of Clostridium was isolated and cultured from 1 species, and one species of Bacteroides was naturally obtained; all species were mixed and diluted to 1 / 500.

[0091] The mushroom cultivation management methods in the following embodiments are all the same, as detailed below:

[0092] During the feeding season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 15–33℃ and the soil moisture content at 8%–18%; during the fruiting season, the soil temperature should be controlled at 21–28℃ and the soil moisture content at 12%–20%.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0095] Select a red soil plot at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua, plant 100 seedlings of black-winged subterranean termites and true root termite colony umbrellas in a 1-acre pollution-free plot, dig 100 feeding holes with a diameter of 12cm and a depth of 50cm, and put 0.5 tons of dried corn stalks into the plot for 4 years, and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Eventually, 55 nests survive. From the 4th year when the nests mature, they produce 0.2-5 kg ​​of fresh termite mushrooms per nest and 0.2-0.8 kg of adult termites per nest each year.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0098] Select a low-mountain and hilly area in the Sichuan Basin, with purple soil at an altitude of 200 meters. Plant 50 seedlings of black-winged subterranean termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship on a 0.5-acre, 15-meter-wide and 20-meter-long unpolluted firewood plot. Dig three feeding trenches, each 20 meters long, 20 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. Over the next four years, add 1 ton of dried corn stalks per year and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Eventually, 15 nests will survive. From the fourth year when the termite nests mature, they will produce 0.5-5 kg ​​of termite mushrooms per nest and 0.2-1.0 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0101] Select a low-mountain and hilly area in the Sichuan Basin, with purple soil at an altitude of 200 meters. Plant 30 seedlings of black-winged subterranean termites and golden termite umbrellas in a pollution-free firewood plot 10m wide and 20m long. Dig two feeding trenches 20m long, 20cm wide, and 50cm deep. For 4 years, add 1 ton of dried corn stalks per year and apply symbiotic bacteria fertilizer to the straw food. Cover with film to promote feeding efficiency during overwintering. Eventually, 25 nests will survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, they will produce 0.3-1.0 kg of termite mushrooms per nest and 0.2-1.0 kg of adult termites per nest per year.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0104] Select a low-mountain and hilly area in the Sichuan Basin, with purple soil at an altitude of 200 meters. Plant 30 seedlings of black-winged subterranean termites and intercropped termite fungi in a pollution-free firewood plot 5m wide and 60m long. Dig 12 feeding trenches 5m long, 20cm wide and 80cm deep along the slope. Add 1 ton of dried bamboo, wood and sorghum stalks per year for 4 years. Apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food and cover it with film to promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Eventually, 25 nests survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, they produce 0.5-2 kg of termite fungi per nest and 0.2-1.0 kg of adult termites per nest per year.

[0105] Example 5

[0106] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0107] Select a red soil plot at an altitude of 1200m and plant 100 seedlings of Yunnan subterranean termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship on a plot of land free from herbicides and pesticide pollution. Make 100 feeding holes with a diameter of 12cm and a depth of 50cm. Over the next 4 years, put 0.5 tons of dried corn stalks into the plot and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Eventually, 75 nests will survive. From the 4th year when the nests mature, the annual production will be 0.2-1 kg of fresh termite mushrooms per nest and 0.5-2.0 kg of adult termites per nest.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0110] Select a red soil plot at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua, plant 100 seedlings of black-winged subterranean termites and true root termite nest umbrellas in a 1-acre pollution-free plot 11 meters wide and 60 meters long. Dig 12 feeding trenches 11 meters long, 20 cm wide, and 80 cm deep along the slope. Add 1 ton of dried corn stalk waste per year for 4 years, apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food, and cover with film to promote feeding efficiency during overwintering. Ultimately, 75 nests survive. From the 4th year when the nests mature, each nest produces 0.2-2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 0.2-0.8 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0111] Example 7

[0112] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0113] Select a red soil plot at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua, plant 100 seedlings of yellow-winged termites and columnar termite umbrellas in a plot 11 meters wide and 60 meters long. Dig 12 feeding trenches, each 11 meters long, 20 cm wide, and 80 cm deep, along the slope. Add 1 ton of dried corn stalk waste per year for 4 years, apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food, and cover with film to promote feeding efficiency during overwintering. Eventually, 50 nests will survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, each nest will produce 0.8-2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 0.2-0.8 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0114] Example 8

[0115] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0116] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna. Plant 50 seedlings of Yunnan subterranean termites and Heim ant colony umbrellas in a plot 20m wide and 30m long. Make 100 feeding holes with a diameter of 12cm and a depth of 50cm. For 4 years, put in 0.5 tons of dried corn, sugarcane stalks and rubber branches per year. Apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food and cover it with film to block water and promote feeding efficiency during the rainy season. Eventually, 15 nests survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, they produce 0.8-3 kg of fresh termite mushrooms per nest and 2.0-5.0 kg of adult termites per nest per year.

[0117] Example 9

[0118] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0119] Select a near-natural rubber forest plot at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna. Plant 50 seedlings of Yunnan subterranean termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship within a plot 3 meters wide and 100 meters long. Dig 30 feeding trenches 3 meters long, 40 cm wide, and 80 cm deep along the slope. Add 1 ton of dried corn stalk waste per year for 4 years and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Eventually, 30 nests will survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, each nest will produce 0.5-2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 1.0-3.0 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0120] Example 10

[0121] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0122] Select a near-natural rubber forest plot at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna. Plant 50 seedlings of small-headed hook termites and shield-tipped termites in a symbiotic relationship within a plot 3 meters wide and 100 meters long. Dig 100 feeding holes, 12cm in diameter and 50cm deep, next to the termite nests. For 4 years, add 0.5 tons of dried rubber tree branches and 1 ton of dried corn stalk waste per year. Apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. After competition with other termites, 10 nests will eventually survive. From the 4th year when the nests mature, they will produce 0.1-0.2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 0.1-0.2 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0123] Example 11

[0124] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0125] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna. Plant 50 seedlings of Menglun termites and striped termite umbrellas in a plot 3 meters wide and 50 meters long. Make 100 feeding holes with a diameter of 12cm and a depth of 50cm. For 4 years, add 0.1 tons of dry branches per year and 1 ton of dry corn stalk waste per year. Apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. After competition with other termites, 5 nests will eventually survive. From the 4th year when the nests mature, they will produce 0.1-0.2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms per nest and 0.1-0.2 kg of adult termites per nest each year.

[0126] Example 12

[0127] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0128] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna. Plant 50 seedlings of Yunnan termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship within the plot, which is 3 meters wide and 50 meters long. Make 100 feeding holes with a diameter of 12cm and a depth of 50cm. Over the next 4 years, add 0.5 tons of dry branches and corn stalk waste per year and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Eventually, 15 nests will survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, they will produce 0.5-2.2 kg of fresh termite mushrooms per nest and 0.5-5.5 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0129] Example 13

[0130] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0131] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua, plant seedlings of 50-type fine-jawed termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship within a plot 3 meters wide and 50 meters long, and dig 11 feeding trenches 3 meters long, 40 cm wide, and 80 cm deep. Over the next 4 years, add 0.5 tons of dried corn stalk waste per year and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the straw food. Ultimately, 27 nests survived. From the fourth year when the nests matured, each nest produced 1.5-3.5 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 0.5-1.5 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0132] Example 14

[0133] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0134] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua, and plant 100 nests of *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces cerevisiae* symbiotic species in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. Dig 20 feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. For 4 years, add 0.5 tons of dried corn stalk waste per year and apply compound microbial fertilizer to the stalk food. Cover the feeding area with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 65 nests survive. From the fourth year when the nests mature, each nest produces 1.5-4.5 kg of fresh *Termitomyces albuminosus* mushrooms and 1.5-2.5 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0135] Example 15

[0136] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0137] A pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua was selected. 100 nests of *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces cerevisiae* symbiotic colonies were planted in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. 20 feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, were dug. In the planting area (i.e., the area between adjacent feeding trenches), 20 ground feeding areas, each 2 meters wide and 5 meters long, were cleared. 2.0 tons of dried corn stalk waste were added annually over 4 years. Compound microbial fertilizer was applied to the straw food. The feeding trenches and feeding areas were covered with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 70 nests survived. From the fourth year when the nests matured, each nest produced 2.5-5.5 kg of fresh *Termitomyces albuminosus* mushrooms and 2.5-3.5 kg of adult termites annually.

[0138] Example 16

[0139] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0140] A pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua was selected. 100 seedlings of *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces cerevisiae* symbiotic colonies were planted in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. 20 feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, were dug. In the planting area, 20 feeding areas, each 2 meters wide and 5 meters long, were cleared. Over 4 years, 0.5 tons / year of dried corn stalk waste, 0.5 tons / year of spent shiitake mushroom substrate, 0.5 tons / year of spent wood ear mushroom substrate, and 0.5 tons / year of spent substrate from other edible fungi were added. Compound microbial fertilizer was applied to the food. The feeding trenches and feeding areas were covered with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 70 nests survived. From the fourth year when the nests matured, each nest produced 2.5-5.5 kg of fresh *Termitomyces albuminosus* mushrooms and 2.5-5.5 kg / nest of adult termites annually.

[0141] Example 17

[0142] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0143] A pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua was selected. 100 nests of *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces cerevisiae* symbiotic colonies were planted in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. 20 feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, were dug. In the planting area, 20 feeding areas, each 2 meters wide and 5 meters long, were cleared. Over 4 years, 0.5 tons / year of dried corn stalk waste, 0.5 tons / year of spent shiitake mushroom spawn bags, and 0.5 tons / year of spent wood ear mushroom spawn sticks were added. Compound microbial fertilizer was applied to the food. The feeding trenches and feeding areas were covered with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 90 nests survived. From the fourth year when the nests matured, each nest produced 3.5-5.5 kg of fresh *Termitomyces albuminosus* mushrooms and 2.5-5.5 kg / nest of adult termites annually.

[0144] Example 18

[0145] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0146] A pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 1900m in Nanhua was selected. 100 nests of *Termitomyces albuminosus* and *Termitomyces cerevisiae* symbiotic colonies were planted in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. 20 feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, were dug. In the planting area, 20 feeding areas, each 2 meters wide and 5 meters long, were cleared. Over 4 years, 0.5 tons of dried corn stalk waste, 0.5 tons of waste mushroom bags, and 1.0 ton of dead fruit branches were added annually. Compound microbial fertilizer was applied to the food. The feeding trenches and feeding areas were covered with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 95 nests survived. From the fourth year when the nests matured, each nest produced 3.0-5.5 kg of fresh *Termitomyces albuminosus* mushrooms and 2.5-5.5 kg of adult termites annually.

[0147] Example 19

[0148] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0149] Select a pollution-free plot of land at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna, plant 100 seedlings of Yunnan subterranean termites and true root termites in a symbiotic relationship within a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. Dig 20 feeding trenches 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, and clear 20 feeding areas 2 meters wide and 5 meters long in the planting area. Over 4 years, add 1.0 ton / year of dried corn and sugarcane stalk waste, 0.5 ton / year of waste edible fungus bags, and 1.0 ton / year of dead tree branches. Apply compound microbial fertilizer to the food. Cover the feeding trenches and feeding areas with film to increase the temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 95 nests survive. From the fourth year when the termite nests mature, each nest produces 3.0-6.5 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 4.5-10.5 kg of adult termites per nest annually.

[0150] Example 20

[0151] This embodiment describes a method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, which includes the following steps:

[0152] A green rubber plantation at an altitude of 600m in Xishuangbanna was selected. One hundred seedlings of Yunnan subterranean termites and true root termites, living in symbiosis, were planted in a plot 5 meters wide and 60 meters long. Twenty feeding trenches, each 5 meters long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep, were dug. Twenty ground-level feeding areas, each 2 meters wide and 5 meters long, were also cleared within the planting area. Over four years, 1.0 ton / year of dried corn and sugarcane stalks, 0.5 ton / year of discarded edible mushroom substrate, and 1.0 ton / year of dead tree branches were introduced. Compound microbial fertilizer was applied to the food. The feeding trenches and feeding areas were covered with film to increase temperature and promote feeding efficiency during the overwintering period. Ultimately, 95 nests survived. From the fourth year onwards, when the termite nests matured, each nest produced 1.0-3.5 kg of fresh termite mushrooms and 2.5-4.5 kg of adult termites annually.

[0153] As can be seen from the above examples, by densely planting ant nests and changing the soil micro-ecological environment to adapt to the growth of termite nests for cultivating fungi, it is possible to achieve efficient recycling of various agricultural and forestry straw resources and produce high-value-added fresh termite mushrooms and adult termites.

[0154] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating bacteria by ant decomposition on straw, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (a) Site selection: Choose a suitable plot of land for the growth of termites that cultivate fungi; (b) Land preparation: Turn over the soil on the plot, and then make seedling holes, feeding holes and / or feeding ditches on the plot. Seedling holes are set on both sides of the feeding ditch, and feeding holes are set on the other side of the seedling holes away from the feeding ditch. (c) Ant nest integrated farming: Place the termite-termite symbiotic seedlings into the seedling holes and spray them with symbiotic fertilizer that inhibits mold. After marking them, backfill the soil, compact it, and process it into a mound that is higher than the ground. (d) Feeding with straw: Dry the straw, cut it into sections, and then put the straw sections into the feeding ditch and feeding hole, and spray the surface with symbiotic bacteria fertilizer that inhibits mold. (e) Mushroom management: During the feeding season, control the soil temperature at 15-33℃ and the soil moisture content at 8%-18%; during the fruiting season, control the soil temperature at 21-28℃ and the soil moisture content at 12%-20%. In step (b), the distance between the seedling hole and the feeding ditch and the feeding hole is 30~80cm respectively; The depths of the seedling holes, feeding holes, and feeding ditches are 30-80cm; the diameters of the seedling holes are 5-15cm; the diameters of the feeding holes are 10-20cm; and the widths of the feeding ditches are 15-30cm. The spacing between adjacent seedling holes is 1-3m; In step (c), the height of the mound is 10-20cm; In steps (c) and (d), the symbiotic microbial fertilizer includes Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides.

2. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (a), wasteland, farmland where termite mushrooms have grown, farmland where pesticides and fertilizers have not been used extensively, land where highly toxic plants have not grown, or farmland where organic and green production management is carried out are selected.

3. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (b), the feeding ditch is straight, square, or comb-shaped, and the distance between parallel adjacent feeding ditches is not less than 3m.

4. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (c) further includes: planting straw crops or fruit trees in the middle of adjacent feeding ditches; the distance between the straw crops or fruit trees and the planting hole shall not be less than 50cm.

5. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (d), the length of the straw segment is 10-200cm; the annual straw segment addition is 0.5-10t / mu.

6. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (a), the termites used for cultivation include any one of the genera *Macrotermes*, *Odontotermes*, *Geotermes*, and *Hylocereus*.

7. The straw ant decomposition and inoculum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (d), the straw includes corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, sunflower stalks, rapeseed stalks, tobacco stalks, dead branches from fruit tree pruning, dead branches from economic forest trees, dead branches from garden pruning, wood processing waste, and non-toxic waste mushroom bags from edible fungi cultivation.

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