Simplified calculation method for building full life cycle carbon emission in scheme design stage

Abstract

The invention discloses a simplified calculation method for carbon emission in the whole life cycle of a building in a scheme design stage. The simplified calculation method comprises the steps of building material production, building material transportation, construction, building operation and building demolition. The carbon emission of building material production is obtained by calculating the carbon emission of several main building materials with large proportions and related proportionality coefficients; the building material transportation carbon emission is obtained by calculating the carbon emission in the building material production stage and a related proportionality coefficient; the construction carbon emission is obtained by calculating the carbon emission in the building material production stage and a related proportionality coefficient; the building operation carbon emission is mainly used for calculating the building energy consumption carbon emission, the building water consumption carbon emission and the carbon reduction caused by renewable energy utilization, and a simplified method is adopted for calculation; the demolition carbon emission is obtained by calculating the sum of the carbon emission in the building material production stage, the building material transportation stage and the construction stage and the related proportionality coefficient. The method can meet the calculation precision requirement of the building carbon emission in the scheme design stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for calculating building carbon emissions, and in particular to a simplified method for calculating building carbon emissions over their entire life cycle at a scheme design stage. Background Art

[0002] The carbon emissions of a building throughout its life cycle refer to the sum of carbon emissions generated by the production and transportation of building materials, construction and demolition, operation and use of buildings during their entire life cycle. The carbon emissions of buildings throughout their life cycle account for a large proportion of the total carbon emissions of the whole society. Controlling the carbon emissions of buildings is crucial to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The control of carbon emissions of buildings should start from the source. Carbon emissions should be calculated during the design stage of the building, especially the scheme design stage, and used as an important evaluation indicator to compare, adjust, and optimize the schemes, and determine the best or better scheme, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and reducing carbon emissions of buildings. At present, the national standard "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" GB / T51366-2019 has been issued in China. This standard proposes a calculation method for carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of a building. It can be used to calculate carbon emissions from buildings during the construction drawing design stage and to calculate carbon emissions after the building is built. The calculation requires a definite construction drawing design document, and the building's plan and elevation layout, main structure, enclosure structure, construction method, energy system design, and all building materials, equipment products, etc. have been clarified. The carbon emissions of the building over its entire life cycle are calculated through detailed and complete calculations of engineering quantities, material usage, construction machinery shifts, and energy and water usage of building equipment. This standard method has a huge amount of calculations, and generally requires the use of specialized software for complex modeling and calculations.

[0003] During the conceptual design stage of a building, the plan and elevation layout of the building is generally determined, but the building structure, envelope, construction methods, building materials, energy systems, etc. are not completely determined. It is impossible to perform detailed and complete calculations of the engineering quantity, material consumption, building energy consumption, etc., and therefore it is impossible to calculate the building carbon emissions according to the national standard GB / T51366. A relatively simplified building carbon emissions calculation method that can be used in the conceptual design stage is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to propose a simplified calculation method for the carbon emissions of a building throughout its life cycle during the scheme design stage.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a simplified calculation method for the carbon emissions of the whole life cycle of a building in the scheme design stage. According to the definition of carbon emissions of the whole life cycle of a building and the characteristics of the building scheme design stage, a simplified calculation method for carbon emissions in five stages, namely, building materials production, building materials transportation, construction, building operation, and building demolition, is proposed. This is achieved through the following technical solution, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Calculate the carbon emissions from building materials production:

[0007] According to the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions of various building materials in typical buildings, the carbon emissions of building materials production are calculated by the carbon emissions of several major building materials with a relatively large proportion and the relevant proportional coefficients, and are calculated using formula (1):

[0008]

[0009] In formula (1), C SC is the carbon emission of building materials production, unit: kgCO2e; M i is the consumption of the i-th main building material, unit t; F i is the carbon emission factor of the i-th main building material, in kgCO2e / building material measurement unit; α is the ratio coefficient of carbon emissions from main building material production to total carbon emissions from building material production, in %. For conventional reinforced concrete civil buildings, when only structural materials (such as concrete, steel, wood), wall materials, mortar, doors and windows (including glass, profiles), insulation materials, and finishing materials (such as coatings, tiles, stones, aluminum plates, etc.) are summarized, α can be taken as 90%. The consumption of main building materials can be calculated based on the building plan and elevation drawings, the engineering quantity of the main structure, enclosure structure, etc., and the building material consumption quota or related information can be checked for calculation.

[0010] Step 2: Calculate the carbon emissions of building materials transportation:

[0011] According to the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions at each stage in a typical building, the carbon emissions from building materials transportation are calculated from the carbon emissions from the building materials production stage and the relevant proportional coefficients, and are calculated using formula (2):

[0012] C YS =G×C SC (2)

[0013] In formula (2), C YS is the carbon emission of building materials transportation, unit is kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emissions from building materials production, unit: kgCO2e; G is the proportion of carbon emissions from building materials transportation to carbon emissions from building materials production, unit: %. For conventional reinforced concrete buildings, 5% can be taken.

[0014] Step 3: Calculate the carbon emissions of construction:

[0015] According to the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions at each stage in a typical building, the carbon emissions from construction are calculated from the carbon emissions in the building materials production stage and the relevant proportional coefficients, using formula (3) for calculation:

[0016] C JZ =P×CSC (3)

[0017] In formula (3), C JZ Carbon emissions from construction, in kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emissions from building materials production, unit: kgCO2e; P is the proportion of carbon emissions from construction to carbon emissions from building materials production, unit: %. For conventional reinforced concrete buildings, 5% can be taken.

[0018] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions from building operations:

[0019] According to the composition characteristics of carbon emissions from typical buildings, the carbon emissions from building operations are mainly calculated from the carbon emissions from building energy consumption, the carbon emissions from building water consumption, and the carbon reduction brought about by the use of renewable energy, and are calculated using formula (4):

[0020] C YX =C E +C W -C RE (4)

[0021] In the formula, C YX is the carbon emission of building operation, unit is kgCO2e; C E is the carbon emission of the building energy system, unit is kgCO2e; C w is the carbon emissions from building water use, in kgCO2e; C RE It refers to the carbon reduction brought about by the use of renewable energy, in kgCO2e.

[0022] The carbon emissions from building energy consumption can be calculated based on the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the relevant building using formula (5):

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, E i,j is the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the i-th type of building, in kW·h / a (electricity consumption), gas and oil consumption can be converted into electricity consumption; E i,j You can check the relevant energy standards, quotas and other related information to obtain; A i is the area of ​​the i-th functional building, in m 2 ; i is the number of building functions; j is the number of building energy types; EF i,j is the carbon emission factor of the jth energy type of the ith building, in kgCO2e / t (other units can be converted); Y is the service life of the building, in a.

[0025] The carbon emissions from building water use are calculated based on the water use indicators of relevant buildings using formulas (6) and (7):

[0026] CW =Y×M W ×EF W (6)

[0027] M W =T×d W ×W E (7)

[0028] In the formula, C w Carbon emissions from building water use (using tap water), unit: kgCO2e; M w is the annual tap water consumption, unit is t / a; EF w is the carbon emission factor of tap water, unit: kgCO2e / t; d w The amount of water used, in units of person or bed or m 2 ; T is the number of days of water use per year; W E is the domestic water quota, unit is t; Y is the service life of the building, unit is a.

[0029] Carbon reduction brought by renewable energy utilization C RE It mainly includes the carbon reduction brought by the solar domestic hot water system and the carbon reduction brought by the solar photovoltaic system power generation. The carbon reduction brought by the solar hot water system is calculated using formulas (8) and (9), and the carbon reduction brought by the solar photovoltaic system is calculated using formulas (10) and (11):

[0030] C SH =Y×Q s，a ×EF e (8)

[0031] Q s，a =K s，a ×A c (9)

[0032] In the formula, C SH Carbon reduction brought by solar water heating system, unit: kgCO2e; Q s,a The annual energy supply of the solar water heating system, in kW·h / a; EF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, unit: kgCO2e / (kW·h); A c is the solar collector area, in m 2 ; K s,a is the annual energy conversion coefficient of the solar water heating system; Y is the service life of the building, unit is a.

[0033] C PV =Y×E PV ×EF e (10)

[0034] E PV =PAZ×KPV (11)

[0035] In the formula, C pv Carbon reduction brought by solar photovoltaic system, unit: kgCO2e; E pv is the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system, in kW·h / a; EF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, unit is kgCO2e / (kW·h); PAZ is the photovoltaic installed capacity, unit is kW; K PV is the annual power generation per unit capacity of the solar photovoltaic system, in kW·h / kW; Y is the service life of the building, in a.

[0036] Step 5: Calculate carbon emissions from building demolition:

[0037] According to the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions in each stage of a typical building, the carbon emissions from building demolition are taken as 10% of the sum of carbon emissions from building materials production, building materials transportation and construction stages, and are calculated using formula (12):

[0038] C CC =0.1×(C SC +C YS +C JZ ) (12)

[0039] In the formula, C CC is the carbon emission of building demolition, unit is kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emission of building materials production, unit is kgCO2e; C YS is the carbon emission of building materials transportation, unit is kgCO2e; C JZ Carbon emissions from construction, in kgCO2e.

[0040] Step 6: Summarize and calculate the total carbon emissions of the building throughout its life cycle:

[0041] The total carbon emissions of the building throughout its life cycle t Calculate using formula (13):

[0042] C t =C SC +C YS +C JZ +C YX +C CC (13).

[0043] Beneficial effects:

[0044] The simplified calculation method proposed in the present invention fully takes into account the characteristics of incomplete determination of building structure, envelope structure, construction method, materials, energy system, etc. and incomplete building-related information in the scheme design stage, which can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art; it adopts a simplified calculation method with clear concepts and simple processes, and can use EXCEL tables for calculations, which is convenient and fast and can meet the accuracy requirements of the building scheme design stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a simplified calculation flow chart of carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of a building during the design phase of the scheme of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] According to the present invention - the simplified calculation method process of the carbon emissions of the building throughout its life cycle in the scheme design stage (such as the attached Figure 1 As shown), the carbon emissions of the entire life cycle of the building in the example are calculated.

[0048] Before calculation, collect the following information about the architectural design of the embodiment:

[0049] (1) Project name: A scientific research complex office building (Phase II) project

[0050] (2) Building type: office building

[0051] (3) Building functions: The first floor is mainly used for exhibition halls, property offices, kitchens, and security and fire control rooms; the second floor is mainly used for offices and medium-sized conference rooms; the third floor is mainly used for offices, network rooms, and multi-functional halls; the fourth and fifth floors are mainly used for offices and small conference rooms; the first underground floor is used for restaurants, motor vehicle garages, non-motor vehicle garages, substations, DC power distribution rooms, energy storage rooms, and rainwater recycling rooms; the second underground floor is used for smart parking garages, domestic pump rooms, fire pump rooms, and fire water tanks.

[0052] (4) Building area: According to the design plan, the total building area is 13521.82 m2, including 8256.49 m2 above ground and 5265.33 m2 underground;

[0053] (5) Structural form: The building adopts a reinforced concrete frame structure system, with a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees, a basic earthquake acceleration of 0.10g, and a standard seismic fortification category of C.

[0054] Step 1: Calculate the carbon emissions from building materials production.

[0055] The consumption of major building materials in the design stage can be calculated based on the building plan and elevation drawings, the engineering quantities of the main structure, enclosure structure, etc., and the relevant building material consumption quotas. Reinforcement, concrete, mortar and other materials can also be estimated based on the consumption per unit building area of ​​typical buildings.

[0056] This project is a reinforced concrete building with a total construction area of ​​13521.82m 2 . Steel bars are 70kg / m 2 Estimated amount = 13521.82 × 70 / 1000 = 946.53t; concrete is 0.35m 3 / m 2 Estimated usage = 13521.82 × 0.35 = 4732.64 m 3 ; mortar according to 0.10m 3 / m 2 Estimated usage = 13521.82 × 0.10 = 1352.18 m 3 According to the building plan and elevation drawings, the amount of concrete porous bricks is estimated to be 2366.32m 3 , the amount of aerated concrete blocks is 1622.62m 3 The amount of broken bridge aluminum alloy windows is 1779.74m 2 , the amount of rigid polyurethane foam board is 16.67t. The carbon emission factor of building materials refers to the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" GB / T 51366-2019. According to formula (1), the carbon emissions of major building materials are shown in Table 1. Steel bar carbon emissions = 946.53 × 2340 = 2214874 kgCO2e, concrete carbon emissions = 4732.64 × 295 = 1396128 kgCO2e, mortar carbon emissions = 1352.18 × 735 = 993854 kgCO2e, concrete porous brick carbon emissions = 2366.32 × 336 = 795083 kgCO2e, aerated concrete block ...1352.18 × 735 = 993854 kgCO2e, concrete porous brick carbon emissions = 1352.18 × 735 = 993854 kgCO2e, aerated concrete block carbon emissions = 1352.18 × 735 = 993854 kgCO2e, concrete porous brick carbon emissions = 1352.18 × 735 = 993854 kgCO2e, concrete porous brick carbon emissions = 1352.18 × Emissions = 1622.62×250=405655kgCO2e, carbon emissions of broken bridge aluminum alloy windows = 1779.74×254=452054kgCO2e, carbon emissions of rigid foam polyurethane boards = 16.67×5220=87035kgCO2e, total carbon emissions of major building materials are 6344683kgCO2e, and the proportional coefficient is 90%, then the carbon emissions of building materials production = 6344683 / 0.90=7049647kgCO2e.

[0057] Table 1 Carbon emissions from major building materials

[0058]

[0059] Step 2: Calculate the carbon emissions from transporting building materials.

[0060] According to formula (2), carbon emissions from building materials transportation = 5% × 7049647 = 352482 kgCO2e.

[0061] Step 3: Calculate the carbon emissions of construction.

[0062] According to formula (3), construction carbon emissions = 5% × 7049647 = 352482 kgCO2e.

[0063] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions from building operations.

[0064] This project is an office building with a total construction area of ​​13521.82m 2 The building adopts a centralized multi-split air conditioning system, and the building service life is 50 years. The building energy consumption index refers to the "Energy Consumption Quota of Centralized Office Areas of Public Institutions in Jiangsu Province" and is taken as 21kgce / m 2 The standard coal conversion factor for electricity is 0.3kgce / kWh, and the converted electricity consumption is 70kWh / m 2 The carbon emission factor of electricity refers to the national electricity factor of 0.5568 kgCO2e / kWh in 2021 released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China in April 2024. According to formula (5), carbon emissions from building energy consumption = 50 × 13521.82 × 70 × 0.5568 = 26351323 kgCO2e.

[0065] The building water consumption index of this project refers to the "Civil Building Water Saving Design Standard" GB50555-2010. The water consumption quota for office buildings is 40L / person / shift. The annual water consumption days are 250 days and the number of users is 350. The tap water carbon emission factor refers to the "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" GB / T 51366-2019 and is 0.168kgCO2e / t. According to formulas (6) and (7), the annual tap water consumption is

[0066] =250×350×40 / 1000=3500t / a, carbon emissions from building water (using tap water)

[0067] =50×3500×0.168=29400kgCO2e.

[0068] The project design adopts a solar photovoltaic system with a designed photovoltaic installed capacity of 218kW. The annual power generation per unit capacity of the solar photovoltaic system is 1000kWh / kW. According to formulas (10) and (11), the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system = 218×1000 = 218000kWh / a, and the carbon reduction brought by the solar photovoltaic system = 50×218000×0.5568 = 6069120kgCO2e.

[0069] The carbon emissions from building operation include carbon emissions from building energy consumption, carbon emissions from building water consumption, and carbon reduction from the use of renewable energy. According to formula (4), the carbon emissions from building operation = 26351323 + 29400 - 6069120 = 20311603 kgCO2e.

[0070] Step 5: Calculate the carbon emissions from building demolition.

[0071] According to formula (12), carbon emissions from building demolition = 0.1 × (7049647 + 352482 + 352482) = 775461 kgCO2e.

[0072] Step 6: Summarize and calculate the total carbon emissions of buildings.

[0073] According to formula (13), the total carbon emissions of a building over its entire life cycle = 7049647 + 352482 + 352482 + 20311603 + 775461 = 28841676 kgCO2e.

[0074] Compared with the building's full life cycle carbon emissions of 27911870.00 kgCO2e calculated by the national standard "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" GB / T51366-2019 during the construction drawing design stage of this embodiment, it can be seen that the simplified calculation method for the building's full life cycle carbon emissions during the scheme design stage of the present invention can meet the accuracy requirements of the building scheme design stage.

[0075] It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, they can make appropriate adjustments to the raw material ratios to improve and optimize the performance of all-solid waste ultra-high performance concrete. These improvements and optimizations without creative work should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simplified calculation method for the carbon emissions of a building throughout its life cycle during the scheme design phase, characterized by: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Calculate the carbon emissions from building materials production: The carbon emissions from building materials production are calculated based on the carbon emissions of several major building materials with a relatively large proportion and the relevant proportional coefficients, using formula (1): In formula (1), C SC is the carbon emission of building materials production, unit: kgCO2e; M i is the consumption of the i-th main building material, unit t; F i is the carbon emission factor of the i-th main building material, in kgCO2e / building material measurement unit; α is the ratio of the carbon emissions of the main building materials production to the carbon emissions of the total building materials production, in %. For conventional reinforced concrete civil buildings, when only structural materials, wall materials, mortar, doors and windows, insulation materials, and finishing materials are summarized, α is taken as 90%; Step 2: Calculate the carbon emissions of building materials transportation: The carbon emissions from building materials transportation are calculated from the carbon emissions from building materials production and the relevant proportional coefficients using formula (2): C YS =G×C SC (2) In formula (2), C YS is the carbon emission of building materials transportation, unit is kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emission of building materials production, unit is kgCO2e; G is the proportion of carbon emission of building materials transportation to carbon emission of building materials production, unit is %, for conventional reinforced concrete buildings, take 5%; Step 3: Calculate the carbon emissions of construction: The carbon emissions from construction are calculated from the carbon emissions from the building materials production stage and the relevant proportional coefficients using formula (3): C JZ =P×C SC (3) In formula (3), C JZ Carbon emissions from construction, in kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emissions from building materials production, in kgCO2e; P is the proportion of carbon emissions from construction to carbon emissions from building materials production, in %, for conventional reinforced concrete buildings, it is 5%; Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions from building operations: The carbon emissions from building operation mainly include the carbon emissions from building energy consumption, the carbon emissions from building water consumption, and the carbon reduction brought about by the use of renewable energy, and are calculated using formula (4): C YX =C E +C W -C RE (4) In the formula, C YX is the carbon emission of building operation, unit is kgCO2e; C E is the carbon emission of building energy, unit is kgCO2e; C w is the carbon emission of building water use, unit is kgCO2e; C RE Carbon reduction brought about by the use of renewable energy, unit: kgCO2e; Step 5: Calculate carbon emissions from building demolition: The carbon emissions from building demolition are calculated by taking 10% of the sum of carbon emissions from building materials production, building materials transportation and construction, using formula (12): C CC =0.1×(C SC +C YS +C JZ ) (12) In the formula, C CC is the carbon emission of building demolition, unit is kgCO2e; C SC is the carbon emission of building materials production, unit is kgCO2e; C YS is the carbon emission of building materials transportation, unit is kgCO2e; C JZ Carbon emissions from construction, in kgCO2e; Step 6: Summarize and calculate the total carbon emissions of the building throughout its life cycle: The total carbon emissions of the building throughout its life cycle t Use formula (13) to calculate: C t =C SC +C YS +C JZ +C YX +C CC (13)。 2. The simplified calculation method for carbon emissions of a building during its entire life cycle during the scheme design phase according to claim 1 is characterized by: The carbon emissions of building energy in the fourth step C E According to the energy consumption per unit area of ​​relevant buildings, formula (5) is used for calculation: In the formula, E i，j A is the energy consumption per unit area of ​​the i-th type of building, with the unit of kW·h / a when using electricity and converted to electricity when using gas or oil; i is the area of ​​the i-th functional building, in m 2 ; i is the number of building functions; j is the number of building energy types; EF i，j is the carbon emission factor of the jth energy type of the ith building, in kgCO2e / t; Y is the service life of the building, in a.

3. The simplified calculation method for the carbon emissions of a building during its entire life cycle during the scheme design phase according to claim 2 is characterized by: The carbon emissions of building water use in the fourth step C w According to the water consumption index of relevant buildings, formulas (6) and (7) are used for calculation: C W =Y×M W ×EF w (6) M W =T×d w ×W E (7) In the formula, C w is the carbon emission of building water use, unit is kgCO2e; M w is the annual tap water consumption, unit is t / a; EF w is the carbon emission factor of tap water, unit: kgCO2e / t; d w The amount of water used, in units of person or bed or m 2 ; T is the number of days of water use per year; W E is the domestic water quota, unit is t; Y is the service life of the building, unit is a.

4. The simplified calculation method for carbon emissions of a building during its entire life cycle during the scheme design phase according to claim 3 is characterized by: The carbon reduction amount C brought by the use of renewable energy in the fourth step RE It includes the carbon reduction brought by the solar water heating system and the carbon reduction brought by the solar photovoltaic system power generation; the carbon reduction brought by the solar water heating system is calculated using formulas (8) and (9), and the carbon reduction brought by the solar photovoltaic system is calculated using formulas (10) and (11): C SH =Y×Q s，a ×EF e (8) Q s，a =K s，a ×A c (9) In the formula, C SH Carbon reduction brought by solar water heating system, unit: kgCO2e; Q s，a The annual energy supply of the solar water heating system, in kW·h / a; EF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, unit: kgCO2e / (kW·h); A c is the solar collector area, in m 2 ; K s，a is the annual energy conversion coefficient of the solar water heating system; Y is the service life of the building, in units of a; C PV =Y×E PV ×EF e (10) AND PV =PEACE×K PV (11) In the formula, C pv Carbon reduction brought by solar photovoltaic system, unit: kgCO2e; E pv is the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system, in kW·h / a; EF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, unit is kgCO2e / (kW·h); PAZ is the photovoltaic installed capacity, unit is kW; K PV is the annual power generation per unit capacity of the solar photovoltaic system, in kW·h / kW; Y is the service life of the building, in a.

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