Treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine residues and application of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by treatment method in feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment method and application of a fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared through the traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment method in feed, and belongs to the technical field of waste resource recycling. The lactobacillus plantarum is used for fermenting the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the prepared fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue preparation improves the content of phenolic substances and the activity of flavonoid substances; finally, the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the treatment method of the traditional Chinese medicine residues is applied to preparation of feed, so that the growth performance of the Rongchang pigs can be improved, the diarrhea rate can be reduced, the immune function can be enhanced, resource utilization and reduction treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be realized, and a high-quality feed additive can be provided for livestock and poultry breeding; the sustainable development of animal husbandry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste resource recycling, and in particular to a method for processing traditional Chinese medicine residues and application of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue preparations prepared therefrom in feed. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, the treatment and utilization of Chinese medicine residue as a by-product after Chinese medicine extraction has attracted increasing attention. According to incomplete statistics, the annual discharge of plant-based Chinese medicine residue in my country alone is as high as 30 million tons. Therefore, the treatment of Chinese medicine residue has become an issue that cannot be ignored in the production and processing of Chinese medicine residue and Chinese patent medicine. At present, most Chinese medicine production enterprises treat Chinese medicine residue as waste garbage through landfill, incineration, and stacking in fixed areas. It not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and increases the production cost of enterprises, but also causes a huge waste of plant resources to a certain extent. Moreover, the drug residue is easy to pollute the surrounding environment during transportation, stacking, landfilling, and incineration. How to effectively treat Chinese medicine residue, reduce or eliminate the environmental pollution it brings; at the same time, make reasonable resource utilization, turn waste into treasure, save the production cost of Chinese medicine, and bring economic benefits to Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprises, has become a difficult problem that Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprises urgently need to solve.

[0003] Therefore, exploring a new way to effectively reduce the environmental pollution of Chinese medicine residues and realize their resource utilization has become a major issue that Chinese medicine pharmaceutical companies need to solve urgently. Chinese medicine residues are rich in plant fiber, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, minerals, and incompletely extracted medicinal active ingredients, such as alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, etc. Although these ingredients are lost during the extraction process of Chinese medicine, they still retain important biological functions such as enhancing animal immunity and promoting animal growth and development. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating Chinese medicine residues. The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the method for treating Chinese medicine residues has increased the content of phenolic substances and the activity of flavonoids. The application of the preparation in the preparation of feed can improve the growth performance of Rongchang pigs, reduce the diarrhea rate and enhance the immune function. It not only helps to realize the resource utilization and volume reduction treatment of Chinese medicine residues, but also can provide high-quality feed additives for livestock and poultry breeding, and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for processing Chinese medicine residues, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Dry the Chinese medicine residue in an oven for 24 hours, then grind it in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder, pass it through a 60-100 mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0008] 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain is inoculated into a liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1 to 5%, and cultured at 24 to 28° C. and 160 to 220 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain is calculated using a plate colony counting method, and when the number of viable bacteria reaches 4.2 to 6.8×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0009] 3) adding 5 to 10 times the weight of pure water to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, adding a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase at a volume of 0.25% of the Chinese medicine residue solution, wherein the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mixing well, stirring and reacting at 60° C. for 2 h, heating to 90° C. after the reaction is completed to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue solution;

[0010] 4) adding 4-6% NaCl, 0.58-1% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.32-0.43% KH2PO4, 2-4% Tween and 0.1-0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 3), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.15-0.36% yeast extract and 0.1-1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.4, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, which is stored under sterile conditions for later use;

[0011] 5) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at a volume percentage of 3% to 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 180 to 240 rpm and a temperature of 26 to 32° C., and crushing the plant lactobacillus by high shear force to obtain the Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid;

[0012] 6) adding 6 to 10 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), and extracting at 45° C. for 3.8 hours, extracting three times at low temperature, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted residue, extracting twice; and combining the filtrates from the five extractions;

[0013] 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0014] Furthermore, the Chinese medicine residue is composed of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis.

[0015] Furthermore, the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis is 5:2:4:3:3:2:1.

[0016] The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the Chinese medicine residue processing method is used in the preparation of feed.

[0017] Furthermore, the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the Chinese medicine residue processing method is added to the basic feed, and the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation added to each kilogram of the basic feed is 1% to 5% by mass.

[0018] Furthermore, the feed is pig feed or fish feed.

[0019] In the Chinese medicine residue of the present invention, Astragalus is the main drug, which is sweet and slightly warm in nature, and enters the spleen and lung meridians. It can significantly improve the immune function of livestock and poultry, enhance the activity of immune cells, and promote the generation of antibodies, thereby enhancing the ability of livestock and poultry to resist diseases. As ministerial drugs, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis can remove heat toxins in livestock and poultry, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, they can also regulate the body's immune response, enhance the phagocytic ability of immune cells, and further consolidate the body's defense barrier. As adjuvant drugs, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, and Prunella vulgaris not only enhance the heat-clearing and detoxifying effect of the prescription, but also provide a better living environment for immune cells by regulating the internal environment of the body, thereby promoting the overall improvement of immune function. As a guiding drug, Magnolia officinalis has the effects of drying dampness and eliminating phlegm, lowering qi and removing fullness, which helps to regulate the spleen and stomach function of livestock and poultry and improve digestion and absorption capacity. Good digestion and absorption is the basis for the healthy growth of livestock and poultry, and helps to fully absorb and utilize nutrients. The effects of astragalus and other medicinal materials on replenishing qi and blood, promoting body fluid and moistening dryness can provide sufficient nutritional support for livestock and poultry, and promote the growth and development of bones, muscles and other tissues. At the same time, the heat-clearing and detoxifying ingredients in the prescription can also help reduce the interference of diseases on growth and development, so that livestock and poultry can grow healthily and quickly. The whole prescription can be used as a feed additive in livestock and poultry breeding, which can significantly improve the immunity of livestock and poultry, promote healthy growth, and improve meat quality.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] In the treatment method of Chinese medicine residues of the present invention, step 1) crushes the Chinese medicine residues, and the crushing process breaks the residues into smaller particles, and large particles and impurities are removed by a screening step. This increases the specific surface area of ​​the residues, making it easier to contact with enzymes and microorganisms, thereby improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Drying and crushing treatments may also improve the air permeability and water holding capacity of the residues, which is conducive to the metabolic activity of microorganisms and the accumulation of products during the fermentation process. The purpose of adding enzymes in step 3) is to decompose the complex polysaccharide components in the Chinese medicine residues, improve the physical properties of the culture medium, promote the growth and reproduction of plant lactobacillus, and improve the quality and yield of the fermentation product. Cellulase can increase the degradation rate of the fiber of the Chinese medicine residues, and xylanase can effectively decompose cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble monosaccharides; pectinase can effectively decompose pectin between plant cell walls, destroy cell tissues, and release nutrients. Step 5) select plant lactobacillus as the microorganism for fermenting Chinese medicine residues, plant lactobacillus can produce phenol acid esterase, hydrolyze bound phenol, release bound phenol in Chinese medicine residues, increase the content of free phenol, and release a large amount of organic acids to prevent the degradation of phenolic substances, thereby improving antioxidant activity. In addition, plant lactobacillus can convert flavonoids into a more easily absorbed aglycone form during the fermentation of Chinese medicine residues, thereby improving its bioavailability and nutritional health effects. Experimental data show that the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the treatment method of Chinese medicine residues of the present invention is added to the basic feed, which improves the growth performance of Rongchang pigs, reduces the diarrhea rate and enhances immune function. In summary, the method for treating Chinese medicinal residues of the present invention changes the physical structure of the Chinese medicinal residues through physical-enzyme treatment, and then utilizes plant lactobacillus to ferment the Chinese medicinal residues, so that the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared has increased the content of phenolic substances and the activity of flavonoid substances; finally, the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared by the method for treating medicinal residues is used in the preparation of feed, which improves the growth performance of Rongchang pigs, reduces the diarrhea rate and enhances the immune function, which not only helps to realize the resource utilization and reduction treatment of Chinese medicinal residues, but also can provide high-quality feed additives for livestock and poultry breeding, and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The method for processing Chinese medicinal residues and the method for preparing aquaculture feed provided in this embodiment include the following steps:

[0025] 1) Dry the mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues, including Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis, in an oven for 24 hours, and then grind them in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder respectively. After passing through a 60-mesh sieve, they are sealed for later use; Step 1) grind the Chinese medicine residues, and the grinding process breaks the drug residues into smaller particles, and the large particles and impurities are removed through the screening step. This increases the specific surface area of ​​the drug residues, making it easier for them to contact with enzymes and microorganisms, thereby improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Drying and grinding treatments may also improve the air permeability and water holding capacity of the drug residues, which is beneficial to the metabolic activities of microorganisms and the accumulation of products during the fermentation process;

[0026] 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain was inoculated into the liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 5%, and cultured at 28°C and 220 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain was calculated using the plate colony counting method. When the number of viable bacteria reached 4.2×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0027] 3) Add 10 times the mass of pure water to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, add 0.25% of the volume of the Chinese medicine residue solution to a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase, the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mix thoroughly, stir and react at 60°C for 2h, heat to 90°C after the reaction to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution; The purpose of adding enzymes in step 3) is to decompose the complex polysaccharide components in the Chinese medicine residue, improve the physical properties of the culture medium, promote the growth and reproduction of Lactobacillus plantarum, and improve the quality and yield of the fermentation product. Cellulase can increase the degradation rate of the fiber in the Chinese medicine residue, and xylanase can effectively decompose cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble monosaccharides;

[0028] 4) respectively adding 6% NaCl, 0.58% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.43% KH2PO4, 4% Tween, and 0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 3), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for sterilization for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.36% yeast extract and 1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, and storing under sterile conditions for later use;

[0029] 5) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the liquid fermentation medium of the Chinese medicine residues of step 4) at a volume percentage of 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 180 rpm and a temperature of 32° C., and crushing the plant lactobacillus by high shear force to obtain the Chinese medicine residues fermentation liquid; Step 5) selecting plant lactobacillus as the microorganism for fermenting the Chinese medicine residues, plant lactobacillus can produce phenolic acid esterase to hydrolyze bound phenol, release bound phenol in the Chinese medicine residues, increase the content of free phenol, and release a large amount of organic acid to prevent the degradation of phenolic substances, thereby improving the antioxidant activity;

[0030] 6) adding 6 times the mass of pure water to the fermented Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), low-temperature extraction at 45° C. for 3.8 h, low-temperature extraction three times, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted Chinese medicine residue, extracting twice; combining the filtrates from the five extractions;

[0031] 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0032] This embodiment provides a pig feed, which is obtained by adding the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared in step 7) to a basic feed, wherein the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 1%.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The method for processing Chinese medicinal residues and the method for preparing aquaculture feed provided in this embodiment include the following steps:

[0035] 1) Dry the mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis in an oven for 24 hours, and then grind them in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder respectively, pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and seal them for later use; wherein the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis is (5:2:4:3:3:2:1);

[0036] 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain was inoculated into the liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1%, and cultured at 24°C and 160 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain was calculated using the plate colony counting method. When the number of viable bacteria reached 6.8×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0037] 3) Adding pure water 5 times the mass of the Chinese medicine residue to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, adding a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase at a volume of 0.25% of the Chinese medicine residue solution, with the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase being 2:1:1.5, mixing well, stirring and reacting at 60°C for 2h, heating to 90°C after the reaction to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue solution;

[0038] 4) respectively adding 4% NaCl, 1% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.32% KH2PO4, 2% Tween, and 0.1% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 3), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.15% yeast extract and 0.1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 7.4, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, which is stored under sterile conditions for later use;

[0039] 5) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at 3% by volume, culturing for 32 hours at a speed of 240 rpm and a temperature of 26° C., using high shear to disperse the drug and crush the plant lactobacillus by high shear force, thereby obtaining a Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid;

[0040] 6) adding 10 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), and extracting at 45°C for 3.8 hours, extracting three times at low temperature, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted residue, extracting twice; and combining the filtrates from the five times;

[0041] 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0042] This embodiment provides a pig feed, wherein the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared in step 7) is added to the basic feed, and the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 5%.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The method for processing Chinese medicinal residues and the method for preparing aquaculture feed provided in this embodiment include the following steps:

[0045] 1) Dry the mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis in an oven for 24 hours, and then grind them in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder respectively, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and seal them for later use; wherein the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis is (5:2:4:3:3:2:1);

[0046] 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain was inoculated into a liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 2.5%, and cultured at 26°C and 190 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain was calculated using the plate colony counting method. When the number of viable bacteria reached 5.7×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0047] 3) Add 8 times the weight of pure water to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, add 0.25% of the volume of the Chinese medicine residue solution of a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase, the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mix thoroughly, stir and react at 60°C for 2h, heat to 90°C after the reaction to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution;

[0048] 4) respectively adding 5% NaCl, 0.75% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.38% KH2PO4, 3% Tween, and 0.17% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 3), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for sterilization for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.25% yeast extract and 0.5% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 7.1, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, which is stored under sterile conditions for later use;

[0049] 5) inoculating the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strains of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at a volume percentage of 3% to 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 210 rpm and a temperature of 29° C., and crushing the Lactobacillus plantarum by high shear force to obtain a Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid;

[0050] 6) adding 8 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), and performing low-temperature extraction at 45° C. for 3.8 h, performing low-temperature extraction three times, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted residue, and performing extraction twice; combining the filtrates from the five extractions;

[0051] 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0052] This embodiment provides a pig feed, wherein the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared in step 7) is added to the basic feed, and the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 3%.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that the mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis is not dried and crushed, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] 1) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain was inoculated into a liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 5%, and cultured at 28°C and 220 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain was calculated using the plate colony counting method. When the number of viable bacteria reached 4.2×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0056] 2) adding 5 to 10 times the weight of pure water to the seven kinds of Chinese medicine residues, namely, Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue mixed solution, adding 0.25% of the volume of the Chinese medicine residue solution of a cellulase / xylanase / pectinase mixed solution, wherein the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mixing well, stirring and reacting at 60°C for 2h, heating to 90°C after the reaction to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue solution; wherein the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Scutellaria baicalensis is (5:2:4:3:3:2:1);

[0057] 3) respectively adding 6% NaCl, 0.58% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.43% KH2PO4, 4% Tween, and 0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 2), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for sterilization for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.36% yeast extract and 1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, and storing under sterile conditions for later use;

[0058] 4) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at a volume percentage of 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 180 rpm and a temperature of 32° C., dispersing the drug and crushing the plant lactobacillus by high shear force, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid;

[0059] 5) adding 10 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 4), and low-temperature extraction at 45°C for 3.8 hours, and low-temperature extraction three times, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted medicine residue, and extracting twice; and combining the filtrates from the five extractions;

[0060] 6) The filtrate obtained in step 5) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0061] This comparative example provides a pig feed, wherein the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared in step 6) is added to the basic feed, and the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 1%.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that no cellulase / xylanase / pectinase solution is added when preparing the Chinese medicine residue solution, and the specific steps include:

[0064] 1) drying a mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Herba Prunellae, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix Scutellariae in an oven for 24 hours, and then crushing them in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder, passing through a 60-100 mesh sieve, and sealing them for later use; wherein the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Herba Prunellae, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix Scutellariae is (5:2:4:3:3:2:1);

[0065] 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain was inoculated into a liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1 to 5%, and cultured at 24 to 28° C. and 160 to 220 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain was calculated using a plate colony counting method, and when the number of viable bacteria reached 4.2×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain;

[0066] 3) adding pure water 10 times the weight of the Chinese medicine residue to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution,

[0067] 4) respectively adding 6% NaCl, 0.58% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.43% KH2PO4, 4% Tween, and 0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 1), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for sterilization for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.36% yeast extract and 1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, and storing under sterile conditions for later use;

[0068] 5) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at a volume percentage of 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 180 rpm and a temperature of 32° C., using high shear to disperse the drug and crush the plant lactobacillus by high shear force, thereby obtaining a Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid;

[0069] 6) adding 6 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), and low-temperature extraction was performed at 45° C. for 3.8 hours, and the low-temperature extraction was performed three times, and the filtrates of the three times were combined; then, 2 times the mass of pure water was added to the extracted medicinal residue, and the extraction was performed twice; and the filtrates of the five times were combined;

[0070] 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0071] This comparative example provides a pig feed, wherein the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared in step 7) is added to the basic feed, and the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 1%.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The difference from Example 1 is that the Chinese medicinal residues are not fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0074] 1) drying a mixture of the seven kinds of drug residues of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Herba Prunellae, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix Scutellariae in an oven for 24 hours, and then crushing them in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder, passing through a 60-100 mesh sieve, and sealing them for later use; wherein the weight ratio of Magnolia officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Coptis chinensis, Herba Prunellae, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix Scutellariae is (5:2:4:3:3:2:1);

[0075] 2) adding 5 to 10 times the weight of pure water to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, adding a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase at a volume of 0.25% of the Chinese medicine residue solution, wherein the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mixing well, stirring and reacting at 60°C for 2h, heating to 90°C after the reaction to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue solution;

[0076] 3) respectively adding 6% NaCl, 0.58% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.43% KH2PO4, 4% Tween, and 0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 2), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for sterilization for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.36% yeast extract and 1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, and storing under sterile conditions for later use;

[0077] 5) adding 10 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 4), and low-temperature extraction at 45°C for 3.8 hours, and low-temperature extraction three times, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted medicine residue, and extracting twice; and combining the filtrates from the five extractions;

[0078] 6) The filtrate obtained in step 5) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

[0079] This comparative example provides a pig feed, wherein the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation prepared in step 6) is added to the basic feed, and the mass fraction of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue preparation added per kilogram of the basic feed is 1%.

[0080] Experimental example

[0081] 1.1 Test materials

[0082] The pig feed provided in Example 1 and the pig feed provided in Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0083] 1.2 Feeding and management

[0084] The experiment was conducted in Changzhu Farm with natural ventilation, indoor temperature (25±2)℃, and relative humidity (65±15)%. The experimental pigs were free to eat and drink, and were vaccinated according to routine procedures.

[0085] 1.3 Experimental design

[0086] The experiment selected 120 healthy male Rongchang pigs of 2 months old with similar body weight (22.6±1.9) kg, and randomly divided them into Example 1 group and Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, with 30 pigs in each group. The Rongchang pigs in Example 1 group were fed with the feed provided in Example 1, and the Rongchang pigs in Comparative Examples 1-3 groups were fed with the feed provided in Comparative Examples 1-3 respectively. When feeding every day, according to the principle of mixing now and then, the fermented feed of medicinal residues and the basic feed were fully mixed in a weight ratio of 1:4 and then used. The test period was 60 days. The feed intake of the pigs was observed and recorded every day during the test. At the beginning and end of the test, the pigs were weighed on an empty stomach, and the total weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated. Whether the pigs had diarrhea was observed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, and the number of diarrhea pigs in the two groups was recorded, and the diarrhea rate was calculated. On the day when the test ended, whole blood was collected intravenously, placed at room temperature for 60 minutes, centrifuged, and the upper serum was aspirated and stored in a -80°C refrigerator for subsequent detection of serum biochemical and immune indicators.

[0087] Total weight gain (kg / head) = final weight - initial weight

[0088] Average daily feed intake (kg / (head·d)) = total feed intake within 60 days / 60 days

[0089] Feed-to-weight ratio = total feed intake within 60 days / total weight gain

[0090] Diarrhea rate (%) = number of pigs with diarrhea / total number of pigs × 100%

[0091] 1.4 Index determination

[0092] 1.4.1 Determination of serum biochemical indicators

[0093] The serum samples temporarily stored at -80°C were warmed up to room temperature for 30 min, and the levels of total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TC), blood glucose (BG), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were detected using a commercial biochemical assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

[0094] 1.4.2 Determination of serum immune indicators

[0095] The concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum samples were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Beijing Solebow Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) at a wavelength of 450 nm on a microplate reader.

[0096] 1.5 Data Statistics and Analysis

[0097] The results are expressed as mean ± standard error. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for statistical analysis, and the differences between the groups were compared by independent sample t test. The chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in diarrhea rate indicators between the groups. P<0.05 indicated that there was a statistical difference between the groups, and P>0.05 indicated that there was no statistical difference between the groups.

[0098] 1.6 Results

[0099] 1.6.1 Effect of Chinese medicinal residue feed on the growth performance of Rongchang pigs

[0100] Table 1 Growth performance of Rongchang pigs

[0101]

[0102] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the Rongchang pigs raised in Comparative Example 1, the total weight gain of the Rongchang pigs raised in Example 1 increased by 16.47% (P<0.05), but did not affect the average daily feed intake (P>0.05). In addition, Example 1 significantly reduced the feed-to-weight ratio of Rongchang pigs (P<0.05).

[0103] 1.6.2 Effect of Chinese medicine residue feed on diarrhea rate of Rongchang pigs

[0104] Table 2 Diarrhea rate of Rongchang pigs

[0105]

[0106] As shown in Table 2, Example 1 has a significant effect on the diarrhea rate of Rongchang pigs (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate of Example 1 is reduced by 81.81% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0107] 1.6.3 Effects of Chinese medicinal residue feed on biochemical parameters of Rongchang pigs

[0108] Table 3 Biochemical indexes of Rongchang pigs

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] Blood biochemical indicators are often used to evaluate the basic status of organs in various animal systems. Abnormal fluctuations in each indicator are considered to indicate possible damage to the corresponding organs. Serum TP and ALB levels can be used to reflect the process of protein absorption, synthesis and metabolism in animals, and protein is the raw material for the synthesis of GLB. This shows that TP, ALB and GLB can be used to assist in the evaluation of the body's immune function.

[0112] As shown in Table 3, after 60 days of feeding in Example 1, the serum TP and GLB levels of Rongchang pigs increased significantly (P<0.05), while the serum BUN, TG and TC levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, Example 1 did not affect the levels of serum ALB, ALT, AST, BG and ALP (P>0.05).

[0113] 1.6.4 Effects of Chinese medicine residue fermented feed on serum immune indexes of Rongchang pigs

[0114] Table 4 Rongchang pig serum immune index

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] The dynamic changes of immunoglobulins and cytokines in the blood reflect the immune function of the animal body. Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM are secreted by bone marrow-derived B lymphocytes and are important components of the animal's humoral immune system. IgG has the functions of neutralizing toxins, antibacterial and antiviral; IgA participates in mucosal immunity and plays a role in the mucosa of the respiratory and digestive tracts; IgM is mainly an antibody secreted after the animal first contacts the antigen, and also has the functions of neutralizing toxins, antibacterial and antiviral. Therefore, the level of IgG, IgA, and IgM in the blood can reflect the strength of the animal's immune function.

[0118] As shown in Table 4, Example 1 significantly increased the serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels of Rongchang pigs (P<0.05), while reducing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.05).

[0119] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating Chinese medicine residues, characterized in that: The method for processing traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps: 1) Dry the Chinese medicine residue in an oven for 24 hours, then grind it in a high-speed knife-type multi-stage grinder, pass it through a 60-100 mesh sieve, and set aside; 2) During the strain recovery culture process, the plant lactobacillus strain is inoculated into a liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1 to 5%, and cultured at 24 to 28° C. and 160 to 220 rpm for 25 h; the number of viable bacteria of the plant lactobacillus strain is calculated using a plate colony counting method, and when the number of viable bacteria reaches 4.2 to 6.8×10 9 cfu / ml, stopping the live bacterial culture of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain to obtain the revived Lactobacillus plantarum strain; 3) adding 5 to 10 times the weight of pure water to the sieved Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 1) to obtain a Chinese medicine residue solution, adding a mixed solution of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase at a volume of 0.25% of the Chinese medicine residue solution, wherein the activity ratio of cellulase / xylanase / pectinase is 2:1:1.5, mixing well, stirring and reacting at 60° C. for 2 h, heating to 90° C. after the reaction is completed to terminate the enzyme activity, and obtaining a Chinese medicine residue solution; 4) adding 4-6% NaCl, 0.58-1% MgSO4·7H2O, 0.32-0.43% KH2PO4, 2-4% Tween and 0.1-0.25% MnSO4·4H2O by mass fraction to the Chinese medicine residue solution obtained in step 3), mixing well and placing in a steam sterilizer at 121° C. for 35 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.15-0.36% yeast extract and 0.1-1% VC by mass fraction to the cooled Chinese medicine residue solution, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.4, to obtain a Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium, which is stored under sterile conditions for later use; 5) inoculating the revived plant lactobacillus strain of step 2) into the Chinese medicine residue liquid fermentation medium of step 4) at a volume percentage of 3% to 11%, culturing for 32 hours at a rotation speed of 180 to 240 rpm and a temperature of 26 to 32° C., and crushing the plant lactobacillus by high shear force to obtain the Chinese medicine residue fermentation liquid; 6) adding 6 to 10 times the mass of pure water to the fermented liquid of the Chinese medicine residue obtained in step 5), and extracting at 45° C. for 3.8 hours, extracting three times at low temperature, and combining the three filtrates; then adding 2 times the mass of pure water to the extracted residue, extracting twice; and combining the filtrates from the five extractions; 7) The filtrate obtained in step 6) is subjected to rotary evaporation at 55° C., concentrated to a viscous state, and freeze-dried for 28 hours to obtain a fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation.

2. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues according to claim 1, wherein: The traditional Chinese medicine residue consists of magnolia bark, lithospermum officinale, andrographis paniculata, coptis root, selfheal, salvia miltiorrhiza and scutellaria baicalensis.

3. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the magnolia bark, lithospermum officinale, andrographis paniculata, coptis chinensis, selfheal, salvia miltiorrhiza and scutellaria baicalensis is 5:2:4:3:3:2:

1.

4. The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the method for treating Chinese medicine residues according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used in preparing feed.

5. The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the method for treating Chinese medicine residues according to claim 4 is used in preparing feed, characterized in that: The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the Chinese medicine residue processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is added to the basic feed, and the fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation added to each kilogram of the basic feed is 1% to 5% by mass.

6. The fermented Chinese medicine residue preparation prepared by the method for treating Chinese medicine residues according to claim 5 is used in preparing feed, characterized in that: The feed is pig feed or fish feed.

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